Datasets:

jacquelinehe

/

triviaqa_gold

like 0

[ "\"Bec Cartwright (\"\"Home and Away\"\")\"", "bec cartwright home and away" ]

[ { "id": "237657", "score": "1.768326", "text": "over filming of certain Aboriginal sites. Hewitt and Belgian tennis player Kim Clijsters started a relationship in January 2000, during the Australian Open. The two announced their engagement just before Christmas 2003, but separated in October 2004, cancelling a planned February 2005 wedding. On 30 January 2005, shortly after losing the 2005 Australian Open final to Marat Safin, Hewitt proposed to Australian actress Bec Cartwright after they had been dating for six weeks. They married on 21 July 2005 at the Sydney Opera House and they have three children together. In late 2008, to extend his tennis career and reduce", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" }, { "id": "5692986", "score": "1.6849976", "text": "do was \"convince\" people we were in love. This approach freed us both up to become actual friends.\" While Hewitt was filming \"Crime Lords\" in South Africa in 1989, he met German-born flight attendant Kerstin Gneiting, whom he married in 1990. They divorced in 2015. Their two children are daughter Guinevere and son Cailean. Hewitt currently resides in Morro Bay, California. Martin Hewitt (actor) Martin Hewitt (born February 19, 1958 in San Jose, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his film debut as David Axelrod in Franco Zeffirelli's \"Endless Love\" (1981). Martin Hewitt was born on", "title": "Martin Hewitt (actor)" }, { "id": "4587752", "score": "1.6343122", "text": "\"Pim Pim\". In 2005, Swedish hurdler Jenny Kallur became his girlfriend but in August 2008 they separated. Lleyton Hewitt's sister, Jaslyn Hewitt, was his girlfriend for five years from 2000 to 2005. He is married to Johanna Westerberg, a Swedish professional golfer on the Ladies European Tour, and they have one child. He is not related to fellow Swedish tennis player Thomas Johansson. Johansson competed in his first professional tour match in the 2000 Wideyes Swedish Open, where he retired against Markus Hipfl. He then claimed his first win in a Challenger event in Sweden, defeating Alexander Peya. He then", "title": "Joachim Johansson" }, { "id": "237560", "score": "1.5837405", "text": "with Australia in 1999 and 2003. Hewitt reached the final of the 2004 US Open, where he was defeated by Roger Federer in straight sets. Between 1997 and 2016, he contested twenty consecutive Australian Open men's singles tournaments, reaching the 2005 final where he was defeated by Marat Safin in four sets. Hewitt was born in Adelaide, South Australia. His father, Glynn, is a former Australian Rules Football player, and his mother, Cherilyn, was a physical education teacher. His younger sister is Jaslyn Hewitt, a former tennis coach and bodybuilder and his brother-in-law (Jaslyn's husband) is Rob Shehadie. Hewitt also", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" }, { "id": "20877591", "score": "1.5550547", "text": "Her biggest title win came at the Canberra ITF in 2004, where she beat top seed Evie Dominikovic in the final of the $25,000 tournament. As a doubles player she competed as a wildcard in the main draw of the women's doubles at the Australian Open every year from 2002 to 2005. During her career she was in a relationship with Swedish tennis player Joachim Johansson, which lasted for five-years. In 2010 she married actor Rob Shehadie at a ceremony in Port Douglas. Jaslyn Hewitt Jaslyn Hewitt-Shehadie (born 23 February 1983) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. She", "title": "Jaslyn Hewitt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bec Hewitt\n\nRebecca June Hewitt ( Cartwright; born 23 July 1983) is an Australian actress and singer. From 1998 to 2005, Hewitt played Hayley Smith Lawson on the soap opera \"Home and Away\". As Bec Cartwright, Hewitt released an eponymous pop music album in 2002. In 2005, she married professional tennis player Lleyton Hewitt.", "title": "Bec Hewitt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lleyton Hewitt\n\nLleyton Glynn Hewitt (born 24 February 1981) is an Australian former world No. 1 tennis player. He is the most recent Australian man to win a major singles title, with two at the 2001 US Open and 2002 Wimbledon Championships. In November 2001, Hewitt became, at the time, the youngest man to be singles world No. 1 in the ATP rankings, at the age of , though this record was surpassed in 2022 by Carlos Alcaraz, who ascended to the top at . He won 30 singles titles and 3 doubles titles, with highlights being the 2001 US Open and 2002 Wimbledon singles titles, the 2000 US Open men's doubles title, back-to-back Tour Finals titles in 2001 and 2002, and the Davis Cup with Australia in 1999 and 2003. Between 1997 and 2016, Hewitt contested twenty consecutive Australian Open men's singles tournaments, his best result being runner-up in 2005. He was also the runner-up at the 2004 US Open.\nSection::::Early life.\nHewitt was born in Adelaide, South Australia. His father, Glynn, is a former Australian Rules Football player, and his mother, Cherilyn, was a physical education teacher. His younger sister is Jaslyn Hewitt, a former tennis coach and bodybuilder and his brother-in-law (Jaslyn's husband) is Rob Shehadie. Hewitt also played Australian Football until the age of 13, when he decided to pursue a tennis career. His junior tennis club was Seaside Tennis Club in Henley Beach. He was also coached by Peter Smith at Denman Tennis Club in Mitcham.", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Jaslyn Hewitt\n\nJaslyn Hewitt-Shehadie (born 23 February 1983) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. She is the younger sister of Lleyton Hewitt.", "title": "Jaslyn Hewitt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Andy Roddick\n\nAndrew Stephen Roddick (born 30 August 1982) is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. He is a major champion, having won the 2003 US Open. Roddick reached four other major finals (Wimbledon in 2004, 2005, and 2009, and the US Open in 2006), losing to rival Roger Federer each time. Roddick was ranked in the year-end top 10 for nine consecutive years (2002–2010) and won five Masters titles in that period. He was also a crucial player in the U.S. Davis Cup team's successful run to the title in 2007. As of 2023, he is the most recent North American man to win a singles major (2003 US Open), the most recent to hold the world No. 1 ranking, and the most recent to claim the year-end world No. 1 ranking (which he achieved in 2003). Roddick retired from professional tennis following the 2012 US Open to focus on his work at the Andy Roddick Foundation. In retirement, Roddick played for the Austin Aces in World Team Tennis in 2015. He was also the 2015 and 2017 champion of the QQQ Champions Series. In 2017, Roddick was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame. He is married to Brooklyn Decker, a swimwear model and actress.", "title": "Andy Roddick" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Andre Agassi\n\nAndre Kirk Agassi ( ; born April 29, 1970) is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. He is an eight-time major champion and an Olympic gold medalist, as well as a runner-up in seven other majors.\n\nAgassi is the second of five men to achieve the career Grand Slam in the Open Era and the fifth of eight overall to make the achievement. He is also the first of two men to achieve the career Golden Slam (career Grand Slam and Olympic gold medal), as well as the only man to win a career Super Slam (career Grand Slam, plus the Olympic gold medal and the year-end championships).<ref name=\"SI\" />\n\nAgassi was the first man to win all four singles majors on three different surfaces (hard, clay and grass), and remains the most recent American man to win the French Open (in 1999) and the Australian Open (in 2003). He also won 17 Masters titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990, 1992 and 1995.<ref>\nMehrotra, Abhishek. \"Agassi: Last of the great Americans\" \"ESPN Star\". Retrieved July 21, 2012.</ref>\n\nAfter suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back, a spondylolisthesis (vertebral displacement) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve, Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3, 2006, after losing in the third round of the US Open. He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, which has raised over $60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada. In 2001, the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas, a K–12 public charter school for at-risk children. He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001.", "title": "Andre Agassi" }, { "id": "1997238", "score": "1.5343184", "text": "of Qantas), and Lady (Hope) Hewitt (1915–2011). She was educated at Canberra Church of England Girls' Grammar School, then studied for a first degree in English Literature at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she graduated BA (later promoted to MA). She became a visiting fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, and was awarded an honorary Oxford MA. She speaks French and is a keen gardener. In 1970, Hewitt married David Julian Gibson-Watt, second son of David Gibson Watt, Conservative MP for Hereford, and Diana Hambro. The couple divorced in 1978. Originally a Conservative, by the time of her divorce she had moved", "title": "Patricia Hewitt" }, { "id": "6450694", "score": "1.5268998", "text": "Sam Peckinpah, and \"The Wilby Conspiracy\" (1975). He was in \"The Fifth Musketeer\" (1979) and \"Tarzan the Apeman\" (1981). Before graduating from UCLA, he married fellow theater student Gwen Anderson; they divorced in 1943. He was in a car accident in 1943. In January 1945 he was arrested for biting Ida Lupino's assistant on the arm during a New Year's Eve party, but was released after apologising. He became an American citizen in April 1944. In 1947, he married Charlene Stafford Wrightsman (1927–1963), the younger daughter of Charles B. Wrightsman, an oil millionaire whose collection of French furniture and decorative", "title": "Helmut Dantine" }, { "id": "3735977", "score": "1.524881", "text": "and bank accounts were revealed during a legal battle with his former management company, Octagon Sports Marketing, the couple relocated to a $3.8 million home at the Old Fort Bay estate in Nassau, Bahamas. Bec Hewitt Rebecca June Hewitt ( Cartwright; born 23 July 1983) is an Australian actress and singer. From 1998 to 2005, Hewitt played Hayley Smith Lawson on the soap opera \"Home and Away\". As Bec Cartwright, Hewitt released an eponymous pop music album in 2002. In 2005, she married professional tennis player Lleyton Hewitt. Cartwright began her acting career at age 5 for television commercials. In", "title": "Bec Hewitt" }, { "id": "12485114", "score": "1.5225756", "text": "engaged in November 2007, while vacationing in Hawaii. \"People\" magazine reported that Hewitt called off their engagement in late 2008. In March 2012, Hewitt began dating her \"The Client List\" co-star Brian Hallisay. In June 2013, Hewitt announced that she and Hallisay were engaged and expecting their first child. A November 26, 2013 \"Us Weekly\" article reported that they had recently married, and their daughter was born that month. In January 2015, the couple announced they were expecting their second child. In June 2015, Hewitt gave birth to a boy. Credits as an author: Other credits: Jennifer Love Hewitt Jennifer", "title": "Jennifer Love Hewitt" }, { "id": "1907131", "score": "1.5218909", "text": "with her cousins, and her parents took her to watch matches around Europe. Her favourite tennis player growing up was Steffi Graf. In December 2003, Clijsters announced her engagement to Australian Lleyton Hewitt, but their relationship ended in October 2004. She is still affectionately nicknamed \"Aussie Kim\" by Australians. In October 2006, Clijsters announced her engagement to American basketball player Brian Lynch, who was then playing for Euphony Bree in Clijsters' hometown of Bree. In an interview with \"Sportweekend\" (a sports programme on Belgian Flemish television), Clijsters said that she was retiring to start a family. Clijsters and Lynch married", "title": "Kim Clijsters" }, { "id": "5683545", "score": "1.5183821", "text": "of Wales (who was touring India at the time) as a witness in the divorce. The duke was cited as one of four co-respondents in the sensational divorce trial of Lady Colin Campbell. He married, as his second wife, (Jane) Lilian Warren Price (1854–1909), the widow of Louis Carré Hammersley, a New York real-estate millionaire, and a daughter of retired United States Navy Commodore Cicero Price. The civil marriage took place on 29 June 1888 at New York City Hall, with the ceremony officiated by the Mayor of New York City, Abram S. Hewitt. A religious ceremony followed the same", "title": "George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough" }, { "id": "237656", "score": "1.5154988", "text": "VCORE 95 D, using a grip size of 4 3/8 (L3). Since mid-2011, he began alternating between Yonex, Nike, Adidas, Asics and Fila shoes. Hewitt is a keen supporter of Australian rules football, having played the game earlier in his career, and is currently the joint No. 1 ticket holder for the Adelaide Crows, alongside MP Kate Ellis. He had once had a close friendship with Crows star Andrew McLeod, but this broke down amid much public controversy in 2005. Hewitt had produced a DVD titled \"Lleyton Hewitt: The Other Side\" which precipitated the falling out between him and McLeod", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" }, { "id": "3735976", "score": "1.5067143", "text": "couple attracted much criticism for the observation that they had effectively \"sold\" their daughter to the highest bidder. On 11 December 2008, Hewitt gave birth to a baby boy whom the couple named Cruz Lleyton Hewitt. Their third child, a daughter named Ava Sydney Hewitt, was born on 19 October 2010. Her name was announced via a text message subscription service for the cost of $2, a move that attracted much criticism of Bec and Lleyton. Both pregnancy announcements and births were covered in exclusive stories by \"OK! Magazine\". In February 2009, after revelations about Hewitt's previously unknown offshore income", "title": "Bec Hewitt" }, { "id": "6888742", "score": "1.5060983", "text": "actress Mary MacLaren, five years her junior. While working as a model in New York City, Katherine met her first husband, artist K. Malcolm Struss. They married in 1910 but the marriage was short-lived, and they officially divorced in 1919. She married Charles S. Johnston, a young Chicago millionaire, in 1924 and they soon had one son, Britt. They divorced in 1926. In 1928 she married Christian Rasmus Holmes (1898-1944), an heir to the Fleischmann's yeast company, but that marriage ended in a sensational divorce suit in 1931. MacDonald claimed cruelty—that her husband had fired a revolver at her through", "title": "Katherine MacDonald" }, { "id": "3681038", "score": "1.4958825", "text": "of his work. In 1907 he developed and tested an early hydrofoil. In 1916, Hewitt joined Elmer Sperry to develop the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, one of the first successful precursors of the cruise missile. Hewitt married Lucy Bond Work (1861–1934), a daughter of Franklin H. Work (1819–1911), a well-known stockbroker and protégé of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and his wife, Ellen Wood (1831–1877). and sister of Frances Ellen Work. He then fathered Ann Cooper Hewitt (July 31, 1914, Paris, France to February 09, 1956, Monterrey, Mexico) and later married her mother, Marion Jeanne Andrews, the ex-wife of George William Childs McCarter, Baron", "title": "Peter Cooper Hewitt" }, { "id": "237562", "score": "1.4930007", "text": "left Immanuel College to concentrate on his tennis career. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. He finished his professional tennis career on January 24, 2016 after 20 straight Australian Open appearances. His last professional singles match was against David Ferrer in the second round of the 2016 Australian Open at the Rod Laver Arena on January 21, 2016. As a junior Hewitt posted a 44–19 record in singles and reached as high as No. 17 in the world in 1997 (and No. 13 in doubles). In 2000, Hewitt reached his first Grand Slam final at the Wimbledon", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" }, { "id": "8141306", "score": "1.4904623", "text": "daughter of Nigel Sears, former coach of the Slovak player Daniela Hantuchová. \"The Sun\" used an alternative form, \"WOWs\" (\"Wives of Wimbledon\"), to draw attention to photographs of such \"girls with WOW factor\" as the Australian actress, Bec Hewitt, \"née\" Cartwright, wife of Lleyton Hewitt, Wimbledon champion in 2002. Interest in the private lives of golfers has been popular in the tabloids since the relationships of Nick Faldo and Tony Jacklin, though not to the extent of footballers. Jacklin, who was then widowed at the time in 1988 had a date with a teenage girl, who then sold the story", "title": "WAGs" }, { "id": "6109253", "score": "1.4900914", "text": "west of Sydney. In the 1970s, he and his South African wife Dalaille (née Nicholas) moved to Johannesburg, South Africa. He is now a South African citizen. Hewitt's most significant accomplishment was winning all Grand Slam doubles titles, both in men's and mixed doubles (US Open, Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open) and being central to South Africa's only Davis Cup title in 1974. That victory was controversial, with India boycotting the final on the orders of its government due to South Africa's apartheid policies, which were affecting the ethnic Indian community of the country. Hewitt achieved seven titles in singles", "title": "Bob Hewitt" }, { "id": "11306361", "score": "1.4897763", "text": "Dinenage and Gareth Jones. In 1990, McKenna married stuntman Tony Potter, whom she had met on the set of a pantomime production two years earlier. The couple had a son in 1992 but their marriage was short-lived. She married her second husband, restaurateur James Rhodes, on 25 January 1997 at Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian in Scotland. In December 1997, she gave birth to a second son. Gail McKenna Gail McKenna (born 30 December 1968 in Liverpool, Lancashire) rose to fame in the 1980s as a \"Page 3\" girl and glamour model. She subsequently became a theatre and television actress, a sports", "title": "Gail McKenna" }, { "id": "237631", "score": "1.4779614", "text": "top of the game for years, and continually displayed the fighting spirit that he became synonymous with. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in the awards announced on Australia Day. In March Hewitt came out of retirement to replace the injured Nick Kyrgios in the first round Davis Cup against the US at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club. He played doubles with John Peers against the Bryan brothers. The Australian duo came back from two sets to love but lost the fifth set. Hewitt was the subject of a book titled \"Facing Hewitt\" which features fifty", "title": "Lleyton Hewitt" } ]

[ "Turkie", "Türkiye Respublikası", "tuerkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkiye", "turkish republic", "turkiye cumhuriyeti", "republic of turkiye", "TURKEY", "Republic of Turkiye", "Türkiye Respublikasi", "Turkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti", "turkey state", "etymology of turkey", "turkia", "Turkish Republic", "TurkeY", "Republic of Turkey", "Etymology of Turkey", "turkey country", "Turky", "turquie", "turquia", "Terky", "Turkia", "Turkey (country)", "Turquie", "Türkei", "Tuerkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Turkey", "turkei", "türkiye respublikası", "türkei", "terky", "Turkey (state)", "Türkiye", "türkiye", "Tuerkiye", "Turkey (Country)", "turkey", "ISO 3166-1:TR", "türkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkei", "turky", "Turkey (nation)", "turkiye", "Turkei", "The Republic of Turkey", "türkiye respublikasi", "Turquia", "Tuerkei", "Republic of turkey", "Turkish republic", "turkey nation", "iso 3166 1 tr", "republic of turkey", "turkie", "Turkiye" ]

[ { "id": "105767", "score": "1.8817322", "text": "Dardanelles The Dardanelles (; , ), also known from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; , \"Hellespontos\", literally \"Sea of Helle\"), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. One of the world's narrowest straits used for international navigation, the Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosphorus. The Dardanelles is long, and wide, averaging deep with a maximum depth of", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": "105770", "score": "1.8341581", "text": "from Helle, the daughter of Athamas, who was drowned here in the mythology of the Golden Fleece. As a maritime waterway, the Dardanelles connects various seas along the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans, the Near East, and Western Eurasia, and specifically connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. The Marmara further connects to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus, while the Aegean further links to the Mediterranean. Thus, the Dardanelles allows maritime connections from the Black Sea all the way to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via Gibraltar, and the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal, making", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": "10484685", "score": "1.7780985", "text": "between Italy and Tunisia. The Turkish Straits are the channel between European Turkey and Asian Turkey and consist of the (from south to north) Dardanelles the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus Three suspension bridges cross the Bosphorus. The first of these, the Bosphorus Bridge, is long and was completed in 1973. The second, named Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Bosporus II) Bridge, is long, and was completed in 1988 about north of the first bridge. The Bosporus Bridge forms part of the O1 Motorway, while the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge forms part of the Trans-European Motorway. Construction of a third suspension", "title": "Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links" }, { "id": "415566", "score": "1.7662497", "text": "the water and form a succession of cliffs, coves, and nearly landlocked bays. Most of the shores are densely wooded and are marked by numerous small towns and villages. The Dardanelles (ancient Hellespont) strait, which links the Sea of Marmara (ancient Propontis) and the Aegean Sea, is approximately forty kilometers long and increases in width toward the south. Unlike the Bosphorus, the Dardanelles has fewer settlements along its shores. The Saros Bay is located near the Gallipoli peninsula and is unliked because of dirty beaches. It is a favourite spot among scuba divers for the richness of its underwater fauna", "title": "Geography of Turkey" }, { "id": "105787", "score": "1.764461", "text": "the Black Sea through the Dardanelles. The Turkish government however, under pressure from the United States, rejected these proposals. Turkey joined NATO in 1952, thus affording its straits even more strategic importance as a commercial and military waterway. In more recent years, the Turkish Straits have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as Novorossyisk, is exported by tankers primarily to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles straits. The waters of the Dardanelles are traversed by numerous passenger and vehicular ferries daily, as well as recreational and fishing boats ranging", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bosporus\n\nThe Bosporus Strait (; ; 'Istanbul strait', colloquially \"Boğaz\") or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Turkey. It forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe, and divides Turkey by separating Anatolia from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation. \n\nMost of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks.\n\nThe Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits.\n\nSections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the Strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.", "title": "Bosporus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Boundaries between the continents" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Anatolia\n\nAnatolia, historically known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and is the western-most extension of continental Asia. The land mass of Anatolia constitutes most of the territory of contemporary Turkey. Geographically, the Anatolian region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the north-west, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. Topographically, the Sea of Marmara connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea through the Bosporus strait and the Dardanelles strait, and separates Anatolia from Thrace in the Balkan peninsula of Southeastern Europe.\n\nThe eastern border of Anatolia is a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the south-east, thus Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian territory of Turkey. Anatolia sometimes is synonymous with Asian Turkey, thereby including the western part of the Armenian Highlands and northern Mesopotamia and making its eastern and southern borders coterminous with Turkey's borders.\n\nThe ancient Anatolian peoples spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages of the Indo-European language family, which were largely replaced by the Greek language during Classical antiquity as well as during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. The major Anatolian languages included Hittite, Luwian, and Lydian, while other, poorly attested local languages included Phrygian and Mysian. Hurro-Urartian languages were spoken in the southeastern kingdom of Mitanni, while Galatian, a Celtic language, was spoken in Galatia, central Anatolia. The Turkification of Anatolia began under the rule of the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century, continued under the Ottoman Empire between the late 13th and early 20th centuries, and continues today under the Republic of Turkey. However, various non-Turkic languages continue to be spoken by minorities in Anatolia today, including Kurdish, Neo-Aramaic, Armenian, North Caucasian languages, Laz, Georgian, and Greek. Other ancient peoples in the region included Galatians, Hurrians, Assyrians, Hattians, Cimmerians, as well as Ionian, Dorian, and Aeolic Greeks.", "title": "Anatolia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Black Sea" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Geography of Europe\n\nEurope is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the eastern bulk of this continuous landmass and all share a common continental shelf. Europe's eastern frontier is delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Iceland, though on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and nearer to Greenland (North America) than Mainland Europe, is generally included in Europe for cultural reasons and because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls.", "title": "Geography of Europe" }, { "id": "10484687", "score": "1.7370658", "text": "of about . An undersea water supply tunnel with a length of , named the Bosporus Water Tunnel, was constructed in 2012 to transfer water from the Melen Creek in Düzce Province (to the east of the Bosporus strait, in northwestern Anatolia) to the European side of Istanbul, a distance of . The Eurasia Tunnel is a road tunnel between Kazlicesme and Goztepe, which began construction in February 2011 and is opened to traffic on 21 December 2016. At present, there is no bridge or tunnel crossing the Dardanelles although there are numerous ferries. The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge is currently", "title": "Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links" }, { "id": "105773", "score": "1.7347152", "text": "it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the attack of the Allied Powers on the Dardanelles during the 1915 Battle of Gallipoli in the course of World War I. The ancient city of Troy was located near the western entrance of the strait, and the strait's Asiatic shore was the focus of the Trojan War. Troy was able to control the marine traffic entering this vital waterway. The Persian army of Xerxes I of Persia and later the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": "9351464", "score": "1.7333052", "text": "Turkish Straits The Turkish Straits () are a series of internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea. They consist of the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosphorus, all part of the sovereign sea territory of Turkey and subject to the regime of internal waters. Located in the western part of the landmass of Eurasia, the Turkish Straits are conventionally considered the boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia, as well as the dividing line between European Turkey and Asian Turkey. Owing to their strategic importance in international", "title": "Turkish Straits" }, { "id": "44712", "score": "1.7316269", "text": "Marmara further connects to the Aegean and Mediterranean seas via the Dardanelles. Thus, the Bosporus allows maritime connections from the Black Sea all the way to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via Gibraltar, and the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal, making it a crucial international waterway, in particular for the passage of goods coming in from Russia. The exact cause and date of the formation of the Bosporus remain the subject of debate among geologists. One recent hypothesis, dubbed the Black Sea deluge hypothesis, which was launched by a study of the same name in 1997 by", "title": "Bosporus" }, { "id": "10202199", "score": "1.7292633", "text": "Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (2016) are the three suspension bridges connecting the European and Asian shores of the Bosphorus strait. The Osman Gazi Bridge (2016) connects the northern and southern shores of the Gulf of İzmit. The planned Çanakkale Bridge will connect the European and Asian shores of the Dardanelles strait. In 2008, of natural gas pipelines and of petroleum pipelines spanned the country's territory. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, the second longest oil pipeline in the world, was inaugurated on 10 May 2005. The Blue Stream, a major trans-Black Sea gas pipeline, delivers natural gas from Russia to Turkey. A planned", "title": "Turkey" }, { "id": "44707", "score": "1.7273178", "text": "Bosporus The Bosporus () or Bosphorus ( or ; Ancient Greek: Βόσπορος \"Bosporos\" ; also known as The Strait of Istanbul; ) is a narrow, natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey. It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, the Bosporus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and, by extension via the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Most of the shores of the strait are heavily settled, straddled by the city of Istanbul's", "title": "Bosporus" }, { "id": "3459344", "score": "1.7243142", "text": "Gallipoli Campaign, an attempt to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula with land forces supported by the navies, to open the sea route to Constantinople. The Allies also tried to pass submarines through the Dardanelles to attack Ottoman shipping in the Sea of Marmara. The mouth of the strait is wide with a rapid current emptying from the Black Sea into the Aegean. The distance from Cape Helles to the Sea of Marmora is about , overlooked by the heights on the Gallipoli peninsula and lower hills on the Asiatic shore. The passage widens for to Eren Keui Bay, the widest point", "title": "Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign" }, { "id": "12539126", "score": "1.7242709", "text": "the lands on either side of the waterways of the Aegean Sea, the Dardanelles strait, the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus strait and the Black Sea. The names were first applied just to lands near the coast and only later extended to include the hinterlands. But the division was only carried through to the end of navigable waterways and \"... beyond that point the Hellenic geographers never succeeded in laying their finger on any inland feature in the physical landscape that could offer any convincing line for partitioning an indivisible Eurasia ...\" Ancient Greek thinkers subsequently debated whether Africa (then", "title": "Continent" }, { "id": "3459402", "score": "1.7233658", "text": "and men on board and was torpedoed by near the Dodecanese, with 935 lives lost. Books Websites Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign The Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign (17 February 1915 – 9 January 1916) took place against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Ships of the Royal Navy, French \"Marine nationale\", Imperial Russian Navy (\"Российский императорский флот\") and the Royal Australian Navy, attempted to force the defences of the Dardanelles Straits. The straits are a narrow waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Black Sea, via the Aegean, Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus. The", "title": "Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign" }, { "id": "44722", "score": "1.7134497", "text": "of Marine Sciences research ship, the R/V \"Koca Piri Reis\". As part of the only passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Bosporus has always been of great importance from a commercial and military point of view, and remains strategically important today. It is a major sea access route for numerous countries, including Russia and Ukraine. Control over it has been an objective of a number of conflicts in modern history, notably the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), as well as of the attack of the Allied Powers on the Dardanelles during the 1915 Battle of Gallipoli in the course", "title": "Bosporus" }, { "id": "105771", "score": "1.7076731", "text": "it a crucial international waterway, in particular for the passage of goods coming in from Russia. The strait is located at approximately . The strait is long, and wide, averaging deep with a maximum depth of at its narrowest point at Nara Burnu, abreast Çanakkale. There are two major currents through the strait: a surface current flows from the Black Sea towards the Aegean Sea, and a more saline undercurrent flows in the opposite direction. The Dardanelles is unique in many respects. The very narrow and winding shape of the strait is more akin to that of a river. It", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": "4325519", "score": "1.706519", "text": "though the Middle East is a division of Asia. The demarcation between Asia and Africa is the isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea. The border with Europe starts with the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, even though Turkey in the Near East extends partly into the Aegean Islands and includes Istanbul on the European side of the Bosphorus. On the north the boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe is commonly regarded as running through the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, the Caspian Sea, the Ural River to its source,", "title": "Geography of Asia" }, { "id": "105790", "score": "1.7002584", "text": "strait. A published map shows communication lines leading from Istanbul into the Mediterranean, named MedNautilus and landing at Athens, Sicily and elsewhere. English Romantic poet Lord Byron (1788–1824) swam across the Dardanelles on 3 May 1810, and recorded it in his poem \"Don Juan\" (1821). Çanakkale, located along the southern shores of the strait, is the finishing point every year for an organised swim across the Dardanelles, which kicks off from Eceabat. This event emulates the swim in 1810 by Lord Byron, who was himself emulating the legendary swim by Leander in the story of Hero and Leander. The shores", "title": "Dardanelles" }, { "id": "14919445", "score": "1.6986262", "text": "in the open for fifty years. His grandson Tros eventually moved from the highlands down to a large plain, on a hill that had many rivers flowing down from Ida above. There he built a city, which was named Troy after him. Today, we call the area \"the Dardanelles\" (formerly known as Hellespont), a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey that connects the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. The name is derived from Dardania, an ancient land on the Asian shore of the strait which in turn takes its name from Dardanus, the mythical son of Zeus and Electra.", "title": "Ancient Greek flood myths" }, { "id": "9351468", "score": "1.695284", "text": "modern treaty controlling relations is the 1936 Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits, which is still in force. It gives the Republic of Turkey control over warships entering the straits but guarantees the free passage of civilian vessels in peacetime. Turkish Straits The Turkish Straits () are a series of internationally significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea. They consist of the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosphorus, all part of the sovereign sea territory of Turkey and subject to the regime of internal waters. Located", "title": "Turkish Straits" } ]

[ "crane poole schmidt", "chang poole schmidt", "Crane, Poole & Schmidt", "Boston legal", "Marlene Stanger", "Fleet Street (television)", "fleet street television", "marlene stanger", "boston legal", "Chang, Poole & Schmidt", "Boston Legal" ]

[ { "id": "1905964", "score": "2.1170278", "text": "legal drama \"The Practice\", and followed attorney Alan Shore (a character who became the star of \"The Practice\" in its final season, played by James Spader) to his new law firm, Crane, Poole & Schmidt. It also starred veteran television actors Candice Bergen and William Shatner. Critically popular with less than spectacular ratings (ranked 27th for the first season, 46th for the second), the show was an \"Emmy darling\" during its run, winning seven times and being nominated over 25 times. The show won the Peabody Award in 2005 for its signature political commentaries. In 2007, \"Boston Legal\" began to", "title": "David E. Kelley" }, { "id": "3142161", "score": "1.9713955", "text": "join the cast as a senior partner transferred from the New York offices of Crane, Poole & Schmidt, with actress Tara Summers joining as a young associate. Christian Clemenson (former \"The Practice\" guest star), who had guest-starred occasionally as Jerry Espenson (a brilliant but socially inept lawyer) – was promoted to main cast. Production also stated that René Auberjonois, Mark Valley, Julie Bowen, and Constance Zimmer may return in guest roles. On July 2, 2007, it was reported that both René Auberjonois and Mark Valley would return in recurring roles; It was also announced that Taraji P. Henson would join", "title": "Boston Legal" }, { "id": "3142157", "score": "1.951094", "text": "fictitious Crane, Poole & Schmidt had its offices. The working title was later modified to \"The Practice: Fleet Street\", but this title was dropped in favor of \"Boston Legal\". The real building shown as the law office is located at 500 Boylston Street, 1.4 miles away from Fleet Street. The American producers of the series also hired the British writer and barrister John Mortimer (creator of the UK legal series \"Rumpole of the Bailey\") as a consultant for \"Boston Legal\". The show's pilot was originally produced with former \"The Practice\" stars James Spader and Rhona Mitra, guest stars William Shatner", "title": "Boston Legal" }, { "id": "3142158", "score": "1.8638712", "text": "and Lake Bell, and Mark Valley. It featured an expanded storyline with Larry Miller as Edwin Poole and John Michael Higgins as senior partner Jerry Austin. Monica Potter was later cast as junior partner Lori Colson and René Auberjonois as senior partner Paul Lewiston, replacing John Michael Higgins. The pilot premiered on ABC on October 3, 2004. On November 30, 2004, it was announced that Candice Bergen would join the cast as senior partner Shirley Schmidt, a character the producers had planned to introduce for several months. Lake Bell left the series mid-season, and René Auberjonois was promoted to main", "title": "Boston Legal" }, { "id": "2787342", "score": "1.8501184", "text": "The Practice The Practice is an American legal drama created by David E. Kelley centering on the partners and associates at a Boston law firm. Running for eight seasons on ABC from March 4, 1997, to May 16, 2004, the show won the Emmy in 1998 and 1999 for Best Drama Series, and spawned the spin-off series \"Boston Legal\", which ran for five more seasons, from 2004 to 2008. \"The Practice\" focused on the law firm of Robert Donnell and Associates (later becoming Donnell, Young, Dole & Frutt; Donnell, Young & Frutt; and ultimately Young, Frutt & Berluti). Plots typically", "title": "The Practice" }, { "id": "3142156", "score": "1.8124324", "text": "Boston Legal Boston Legal is an American legal comedy-drama television series created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. The series aired from October 3, 2004 to December 8, 2008. The series starred James Spader, William Shatner, and Candice Bergen. A spin-off of the long-running Kelley series \"The Practice\", \"Boston Legal\" follows the exploits of former \"Practice\" character Alan Shore at the legal firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt. Prior to the show's premiere, it had a working title of \"Fleet Street\", an allusion to the real street in Boston where the", "title": "Boston Legal" }, { "id": "2787351", "score": "1.7316091", "text": "near illegal methods often clash with Eugene, Jimmy and, occasionally, Ellenor. Near the series end, Eugene and Jimmy fire Alan without consulting Ellenor, creating a phenomenon known as a law firm divorce. It begins when, despite Alan's bringing in over $9,000,000 in revenue, he is offered just $15,000 severance. For warning Shore of his impending dismissal, paralegal Tara is also fired by Eugene for betraying their trust, and Lucy is brought back as a temporary receptionist. Alan sues for wrongful termination and hires Matthew Billings and Denny Crane of the blue-chip firm Crane, Poole & Schmidt to represent him. The", "title": "The Practice" }, { "id": "15623558", "score": "1.7027775", "text": "One in association with Sony Pictures Television and Paramount Pictures. Filming of Season 1 took place between August 4, 2011 and April 30, 2012. The pilot was directed by David Straiton. Grisham served as an executive producer of the television series. Lukas Reiter, a former \"Law & Order\" producer, wrote the pilot and was the showrunner. Some of the other legal shows he has produced are \"The Practice\" and \"Boston Legal\". Other executive producers were Entertainment One's John Morayniss, Michael Rosenberg, Noreen Halpern, and Helen Shaver. The show's writers included Alyson Feltes, Peter Noah, David Feige, William Rothko, Vincent Angell,", "title": "The Firm (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "2787358", "score": "1.697427", "text": "starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.\" The first two seasons include the household rating. Seasons 4 and 5 reached the top 10 rankings. The exposure from its January 30, 2000, post-Super Bowl episode (attracting 23.8 million viewers) plus their weekly lead-in from early 2000 to mid-2001, the then mega-hit \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\", helped the series reach its ratings peak. The Practice The Practice is an American legal drama created by David E. Kelley centering on the partners and associates at a Boston law firm. Running for", "title": "The Practice" }, { "id": "2093331", "score": "1.6835928", "text": "Carrie Bradshaw's editor at \"Vogue\". In January 2005, Bergen joined the cast of the television series \"Boston Legal\" as Shirley Schmidt, a founding partner in the law firm of Crane, Poole & Schmidt. She played the role for five seasons. In 2006 and 2008, she received Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She has also made guest appearances on many other TV shows, including \"Seinfeld\" (as herself playing Murphy Brown), \"Law & Order\", \"Family Guy\", and \"Will & Grace\" (playing herself). She has also featured in a long-running \"Dime Lady\" ad campaign for the Sprint phone", "title": "Candice Bergen" }, { "id": "3580314", "score": "1.6709383", "text": "an increasing market pressure in order to attract top recruits. A number of television shows, movies and books have revolved around relationships occurring in fictional law firms, highlighting both public fascination with and misperception of the lives of lawyers in high-powered settings. One popular American legal drama television series is called Suits.There is one popular American dramedy, also known as, comedy-drama called Boston Legal which was created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20 Century Fox Television for ABC. It is a spin-off of another long running Kelly series, The Practice, following the exploits of former character", "title": "Law firm" }, { "id": "1905954", "score": "1.6659548", "text": "to take two series. If one network passed on a project, the other got first refusal. Kelley retained full creative control. \"Ally McBeal\" on FOX and \"The Practice\" on ABC were the first two projects to come from this deal. Premiering as a midseason replacement for the 1996-1997 season, \"The Practice\" was Kelley's chance to write another courtroom drama but one focusing on the less glamorous realities of a small law firm. \"The Practice\" would be the first of four successful series by Kelley that were set in Boston, proximal to his hometown of Belmont, Massachusetts. Receiving critical applause (along", "title": "David E. Kelley" }, { "id": "2787355", "score": "1.6551247", "text": "the eighth season somewhat revived the ratings; Spader went on to win an Emmy for his appearance. However, on March 11, 2004, ABC announced that \"The Practice\" would not return for a ninth season; rather, Kelley would create a new spin-off series \"Boston Legal,\" starring Spader, Mitra, Lake Bell and William Shatner. \"The Practice\" had 8 seasons and a total of 168 episodes. Additionally, Bobby Donnell (Dylan McDermott) appears in the \"Ally McBeal\" season 1 finale \"These Are the Days\", while Lara Flynn Boyle and Michael Badalucco each make cameos in \"Making Spirits Bright\" and \"I Know Him by Heart\".", "title": "The Practice" }, { "id": "12381335", "score": "1.6533117", "text": "he brought Shatner on to the final season of the legal drama \"The Practice\". His Emmy Award-winning role, the eccentric but highly capable attorney Denny Crane, was essentially \"William Shatner the man ... playing William Shatner the character playing the character Denny Crane, who was playing the character William Shatner.\" Shatner took the Crane role to \"Boston Legal\", and won a Golden Globe, an Emmy in 2005, and was nominated again in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 for his work. With the 2005 Emmy win, Shatner became one of the few actors (along with co-star James Spader as Alan Shore)", "title": "William Shatner" }, { "id": "2787352", "score": "1.647065", "text": "jury decides that Young, Frutt & Berluti are to pay Shore $2.3 million. Alan and Tara are hired by Crane, Poole & Schmidt as an associate and paralegal respectively. After this case the tensions caused between the partners' loyalties during the Shore months leads to the dissolution of the firm. Shore offers to forfeit his winnings, but the offer is declined. A soul searching discussion between Jimmy and Jamie about being true to his original reasons for wishing to become a lawyer leads Jimmy to decide to start practicing in his own neighborhood. Eugene is appointed a superior court judge,", "title": "The Practice" }, { "id": "5783610", "score": "1.6376069", "text": "Out of Practice Out of Practice is an American sitcom that was produced by Paramount Network Television and originally broadcast on sister company CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 29, 2006. With producers Joe Keenan and Christopher Lloyd (\"Frasier\"'s producers) at the helm, the show was about a family of five doctors who had little in common and usually did not get along. CBS officially cancelled it on May 17, 2006, at its upfront presentation. Ben Barnes is the youngest son and central character. As a marriage counselor and the only non-physician, the rest of his family sees him", "title": "Out of Practice" }, { "id": "11189530", "score": "1.6338727", "text": "The Bold Ones: The Lawyers The Bold Ones: The Lawyers (or The Lawyers) is an American legal drama that aired for three seasons on NBC from September 1968 through February 1972. The series starred Burl Ives as Walter Nichols, a respected attorney who hires two brothers (Joseph Campanella and James Farentino) who are lawyers to help him with his case load. \"The Lawyers\" was part of \"The Bold Ones\", a rotating series of dramas that also included \"\" (with E.G. Marshall), \"\" (with Leslie Nielsen) and \"\" (with Hal Holbrook). It was nominated for three Emmy awards and won two", "title": "The Bold Ones: The Lawyers" }, { "id": "4729021", "score": "1.6285264", "text": "Family Law (TV series) Family Law is an American television drama starring Kathleen Quinlan as divorced lawyer Lynn Holt, who attempted to start her own law firm after her husband left both her and their law practice, taking all of their clients with him. The series aired on CBS from 1999 to 2002 and was created by Paul Haggis. Beginning in September of 2018, reruns of the show air on Start TV. The show also starred Christopher McDonald as opportunistic, ambulance-chasing attorney Rex Weller, Julie Warner as Lynn's friend Danni (and the one member of her former firm's staff who", "title": "Family Law (TV series)" }, { "id": "17730182", "score": "1.6229616", "text": "by Patrick Whitley and Sheila Hockin. The Whitley and Hockin era saw production of Showtime co-production \"Queer as Folk\" and children’s comedy \"Darcy’s Wild Life\", as well as the first seasons of \"Canada’s Next Top Model\" and \"Billable Hours\". In 2003, entertainment lawyers Ivan Schneeberg and David Fortier left Toronto law firm Goodmans LLP to enter the TV production business. Despite their lack of practical experience in television, they found employment with Temple Street, a former client of Goodmans, and used their legal expertise to produce the law office sitcom \"Billable Hours\", written by another former Goodmans lawyer, Adam Till.", "title": "Temple Street Productions" }, { "id": "3142160", "score": "1.6186442", "text": "Julie Bowen was cast as Denise Bauer. Ryan Michelle Bathe and Justin Mentell were later cast as junior associates Sara Holt and Garrett Wells. The second episode of Season 3 introduced Craig Bierko as Jeffrey Coho and Constance Zimmer as Claire Simms. In Episode 11, guest star Gary Anthony Williams joined the cast, with Craig Bierko leaving in Episode 15. On June 4, 2007, \"TV Guide\" announced that René Auberjonois, Julie Bowen, Mark Valley, and Constance Zimmer would not return for Season 4. On June 13, 2007, it was announced that actor John Larroquette (former \"The Practice\" guest star) would", "title": "Boston Legal" } ]

[ "laughing cavalier", "The Laughing Cavalier", "Laughing Cavalier" ]

[ { "id": "12991070", "score": "1.4497273", "text": "Hals sketch of a man from his \"wet on wet\" traveller series is dated 1643 and surprised Hals expert Seymour Slive for having a date, as most of these small portrait sketches were lacking them. He noticed that it had been in the possession of Sedelmeyer and Munkacsy and remarked that though Hals was very popular among the late 19th-century artists, this was the only painting that had been actually owned by one, as far as he knew. He speculated that he would not be surprised if it came to pass that copies by Munkacsy were discovered of Dutch 17th-century", "title": "Charles Sedelmeyer" }, { "id": "565576", "score": "1.433655", "text": "this Beresteyn group, and in every respect one of the most masterly of Hals' achievements is the group called \"\", which was almost unknown until it appeared at the winter exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1906. Many of Hals' works have disappeared, but it is not known how many. According to the Frans Hals catalog raisonné, 1974, 222 paintings can be ascribed to Hals. This list was compiled by Seymour Slive in 1970−1974 who also wrote an exhibition catalogue in 1989 and produced an update to his catalog raisonné work in 2014. In 1989 another authority on Hals, Claus", "title": "Frans Hals" }, { "id": "565577", "score": "1.4185692", "text": "Grimm, disagreed with Slive and published a lower list of 145 paintings in his \"Frans Hals. Das Gesamtwerk\". It is not known whether Hals ever painted landscapes, still lifes or narrative pieces, but it is unlikely. His debut for Haarlem society in 1616 with his large group portrait for the St George militia shows all three disciplines, but if that painting was his signboard for future commissions, it seems he was subsequently only hired for portraits. Many artists in the 17th century in Holland opted to specialise, and Hals also appears to have been a pure portrait specialist. Hals was", "title": "Frans Hals" }, { "id": "1484314", "score": "1.4180009", "text": "record prices at Christie's art auction house in London, including \"Rote Rehe I\" (\"Red Deer I\"), which sold for $3.3 million. In October 1999, his \"Der Wasserfall\" (\"The Waterfall\") was sold by Sotheby's in London for $5.06 million. This price set a record for Franz Marc's work and for twentieth-century German painting. Among the public collections holding works by Franz Marc are: Franz Marc Franz Marc (February 8, 1880 – March 4, 1916) was a German painter and printmaker, one of the key figures of German Expressionism. He was a founding member of \"Der Blaue Reiter\" (The Blue Rider), a", "title": "Franz Marc" }, { "id": "6563729", "score": "1.4170847", "text": "work ended up with a dealer, Wertheimer of Bond Street, London, who described it as one of the finest Hals paintings. Sir John Millars agreed with the Wertheimer about the authenticity and value of the painting. Wertheimer sold the painting to an English firm for £4,500. This firm, in turn, sold the painting as a Hals to Baron Schlichting in Paris. In 1893 the Louvre found Leyster's monogram under the fabricated signature of Hals. It is not clear when the false signature had been added. When the original signature was discovered, Baron Schlichting sued the English firm, who in turn", "title": "Judith Leyster" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of paintings by Frans Hals\n\nThe following is an incomplete list of paintings by Frans Hals that are generally accepted as autograph by the Frans Hals Museum and other sources. The list is more or less in order of creation, starting from around 1610 when Frans Hals began painting on his own. Prior to that he was employed by the Haarlem council as a city art restorer and before that he was assistant to Karel van Mander.\n\n\n", "title": "List of paintings by Frans Hals" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Frans Hals\n\nFrans Hals the Elder (, , ; – 26 August 1666) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, chiefly of individual and group portraits and of genre works, who lived and worked in Haarlem.\n\nHals played an important role in the evolution of 17th-century group portraiture. He is known for his loose painterly brushwork.", "title": "Frans Hals" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Laughing Cavalier\n\nThe Laughing Cavalier (1624) is a portrait by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals in the Wallace Collection in London, which has been described as \"one of the most brilliant of all Baroque portraits\". The title is an invention of the Victorian public and press, dating from its exhibition in the opening display at the Bethnal Green Museum in 1872–1875, just after its arrival in England, after which it was regularly reproduced as a print, and became one of the best known old master paintings in Britain. The unknown subject is in fact not laughing, but can be said to have an enigmatic smile, much amplified by his upturned moustache.", "title": "Laughing Cavalier" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Frans Hals Museum\n\nThe Frans Hals Museum is a museum located in Haarlem, the Netherlands.\n\nThe museum was established in 1862. In 1950, the museum was split in two locations when the collection of modern art was moved to the \"Museum De Hallen\" (since 2018 called \"Hal)\". The main collection, including its famous 17th-century Frans Hals paintings, for which the museum is named, is located in the former \"Oude Mannenhuis\" on the Groot Heiligland.\n\nThe museum was founded in 1862 in the newly renovated former Dominican church cloisters located in the back of the Haarlem city hall known as the \"Prinsenhof\", and when it needed more space, it moved to the recently vacated location of the town orphanage in 1913. The collection is based on the large number of paintings owned by the City of Haarlem, which includes over 100 artworks seized from Catholic churches in the 1580s after the Protestant Reformation, and Haarlem art rescued from demolished local buildings from the 15th century onwards.\n\nIn 2018 the museum re-merged with \"Museum De Hallen\" to form a single museum called the Frans Hals Museum with two locations: \"Hof\" (located on Groot Heiligland) and \"Hal\" (located on Grote Markt).", "title": "Frans Hals Museum" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Meagre Company\n\nThe Meagre Company, or The Company of Captain Reinier Reael and Lieutenant Cornelis Michielsz Blaeuw, refers to the only militia group portrait, or \"schutterstuk\", painted by Frans Hals outside of Haarlem. Today the painting is in the collection of the Amsterdam Museum, on loan to the Rijksmuseum, where it is considered one of its main attractions of the \"Honor Gallery\". Hals was unhappy about commuting to Amsterdam to work on the painting and, unlike his previous group portraits, was unable to deliver it on time. The sitters contracted Pieter Codde to finish the work.\n\nHals was originally commissioned in 1633, after the favorable reception of his previous militia group portrait, \"The Officers of the St Adrian Militia Company in 1633\", in which all ensigns are holding flags and all officers are holding their weapons. The sergeants were shown, holding halberds to differentiate them from officers with spontoons. Hals seems to have initially intended an Amsterdam version of the same painting, beginning on the left with a smiling flag bearer wearing a flamboyant cut-sleeve jacket with lace and holding a flag in the color of his sash. Though it is impossible to tell on which side of the canvas Hals began painting, the light falls onto the figures from the left in the \"standard\" Hals tradition and this is also where the most important figures are situated within the painting. Since each sitter paid for his own portrait, it is presumed that Hals began with the most important sitters in order to \"sell\" canvas room to other paying officers. Whether or not Hals did in fact start on the left or drew a sketch of the entire group at once, the flag bearer on the left in this painting has been painted in a remarkably flamboyant way from the tip of his hat to the toe of his boots. This was possibly to prove to the decision makers in Amsterdam that Hals was capable of painting a schutterstuk in the \"Amsterdam style\", which included the entire figure. In Haarlem, the civic guards were traditionally portrayed in the \"kniestuk\" style of being \"cut off at the knee\" in three-quarter length portraits.\n\nThe flag bearer is Nicolaes van Bambeeck. Seated next to him are Captain Reael, with hat and commander's staff, and Lieutenant Cornelis Michielsz Blaeuw, balding and holding a spontoon. The further to the right, however, the less the two paintings resemble each other. In 1636 Hals was called to Amsterdam to finish the painting, but he refused, offering to receive the sitters in his Haarlem studio with assurances that they would not need to sit very long. His offer was refused, and Codde was hired to finish the piece. Because the men are thinner than the men portrayed in other, later, Amsterdam schutterstukken hanging near this painting, the piece was later nicknamed the \"meagre company\". Besides the ensign and the seated men, the names of the other officers are unknown today.", "title": "Meagre Company" }, { "id": "17286201", "score": "1.4100816", "text": "to this booklet. Vietor again responded with a warning. Mooyer closed the argument with a final booklet, which finally seemed to settle the matter. His portrait by Frans Hals that was painted in 1644 and shows him gripping his book in both hands, was sold in 2008 to the London art dealer Johnny van Haeften for 1.2 million pounds, which at the time was considered a \"low estimate\". Conradus Viëtor Conradus Vietor (1588–1657) was a Dutch Lutheran minister who is most famous today for his portrait painted by Frans Hals. He was born in Aachen as the son of a", "title": "Conradus Viëtor" }, { "id": "10765221", "score": "1.4100735", "text": "first time in Vienna in this hall with the composer as conductor in 1804. He met the Doctor Karl Kanzian who will become the most important collector of Paul Schuss' paintings in Europe. In 1974 Prinz Otto zu Windisch-Graetz (born in 1928 and related to the family of Emperor Franz Josef von Habsburg-Lothringen and Elisabeth of Bavarian (Sissi) and their son Prinz Rudolf of Austria) and several relatives visited him in his studio in Vienna. Prinz Otto zu Windisch-Graetz shot photos of his important tempera paintings like \"Dialog with the Eternal\", \"Power of Nature\", \"The Town without Soul\", \"Last Suns\".", "title": "Paul Schuss" }, { "id": "4256621", "score": "1.4083353", "text": "a canvas of the size 14 m by 115 m. When he finished the painting it was displayed in Sevastopol in the summer of 1904, at the fiftieth anniversary of the defence of the city. Franz Roubaud Franz Roubaud (, tr. ) was a Russian painter who created some of the largest and best known panoramic paintings. He created circular paintings, exposed on a cylindrical surface and viewed from the inside. In this way, the viewers were given an outlook point from a high place, the painting was reproducing the original scene with high fidelity. Franz (François) Roubaud was born", "title": "Franz Roubaud" }, { "id": "565586", "score": "1.4080255", "text": "that in the Town Hall), where several of his most important works are kept. Hals' reputation waned after his death and for two centuries he was held in such poor esteem that some of his paintings, which are now among the proudest possessions of public galleries, were sold at auction for a few pounds or even shillings. The portrait of Johannes Acronius realized five shillings at the Enschede sale in 1786. The portrait of the sold in 1800 for 4, 5s. Starting at the middle of the 1860s his prestige rose again thanks to the efforts of critic Théophile Thoré-Bürger.", "title": "Frans Hals" }, { "id": "4930689", "score": "1.3972883", "text": "a favorite sitter, and she treated him generously. In 1855 Winterhalter painted his masterpiece: \"The Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting\". He set the French Empress in a pastoral setting gathering flowers in a harmonious circle with her ladies in waiting. The painting was acclaimed, and exhibited in the universal exposition in 1855. It remains Winterhalter's most famous work. In 1852, he went to Spain to paint Queen Isabella II with her daughter. Russian aristocratic visitors to Paris also liked to have their portraits executed by the famous master. As the \"Painter of Princes\", Winterhalter was thereafter in", "title": "Franz Xaver Winterhalter" }, { "id": "18188072", "score": "1.3972454", "text": "St John (Hals) St. John is a painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals, painted in 1625 and now in the Getty Museum, Los Angeles. The painting shows St. John looking upwards while writing in a book, with a bird (presumably an eagle) at his elbow. This painting was documented in the 18th-century but was rediscovered in July, 1997, when it was auctioned at Sotheby's in London as one of four lost paintings by Hals of the evangelists. The sale price of 2.9 million dollars was a record high for a Frans Hals painting at the time. The", "title": "St John (Hals)" }, { "id": "8320877", "score": "1.3964753", "text": "was published in Vienna in 1876. Von Blaas shared the Nazarene’s fascination with Renaissance artists and identified with their view of the religious mission of art. He became well known in Vienna social circles and painted the boy emperor Franz Joseph in 1853. Some years later he began to execute forty two-fresco paintings for the Vienna Arsenal (now the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum) from Austria’s history, which occupied him for eleven years. These are considered to be among his major works. He is the father of the famous genre painter Eugene von Blaas (1843-1942), whose reputation (and auction prices) has overshadowed that", "title": "Karl von Blaas" }, { "id": "565587", "score": "1.395367", "text": "With his rehabilitation in public esteem came the enormous rise in value, and, at the Secretan sale in 1889, the portrait of Pieter van den Broecke was bid up to 4,420 francs, while in 1908 the National Gallery paid 25,000 pounds for the from the collection of Lord Talbot de Malahide. Hals' work remains popular today, particularly with young painters who can find many lessons about practical technique from his unconcealed brushstrokes. Hals' works have found their way to countless cities all over the world and into museum collections. From the late 19th century, they were collected everywhere — from", "title": "Frans Hals" }, { "id": "17035938", "score": "1.3945832", "text": "life of the court, he relocated to Munich and worked for two years for \"Jugend\" magazine, until he took the commission to create illustrations for the golden jubilee memorial volume for Franz Joseph. In the span of a few months, he produced over 300 portraits for the work. Thereafter, he became a court painter in Berlin for eight years, securing his reputation throughout Europe. From 1906-1909 he lived and worked in Budapest, an acclaimed portraitist. Halmi's introduction to the United States arose from an acquaintance of his early days in Munich. In the late 1880s, before Halmi had secured his", "title": "Artúr Lajos Halmi" }, { "id": "20180887", "score": "1.3931", "text": "the Belgian nobility. Baron Franz Courtens:<br>painter, member of Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium, 1904. Franz Courtens Baron Franciscus Eduardus Maria (Franz) Courtens (1854–1943) was a Belgian painter. He was a leading figure in the Dendermonde School, famous for his paintings of nature and landscapes. An essay on him by Fernand Khnopff was published in \"The International Studio\" 34 (1908). Courtens was professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (NHISKA) in Antwerp from 1904 till 1924. He was a personal friend of Leopold II, who gave him the privilege of free access to the royal", "title": "Franz Courtens" }, { "id": "13628536", "score": "1.3929594", "text": "other artists in later centuries. Massa’s expression is candid, distracted. He is relaxed and engaged in his own affairs. Hals’s brush strokes too are quick and free instead of smooth and controlled, which not only contributes to Hals’s distinct style but also allowed him to complete an entire painting in one sitting, which accounts for the high volume he produced in his lifetime. Many of Hals’s contemporaries were students of Caravaggio, influenced by his strong chiaroscuro. Though Hals may also have looked to Caravaggio his use of light is even, but Hals still manages to create bold highlights of Massa’s", "title": "Portrait of Isaak Abrahamsz. Massa" }, { "id": "4930697", "score": "1.3886883", "text": "His early affinities were Neoclassical but his style can be described as Neo-Rococo. After his death, his painting fell out of favor, being considered romantic, glossy, and superficial. Little was known about him personally and his art was not taken seriously until recently. However, a major exhibition of his work at the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom) in London and the Petit Palais in Paris in 1987 brought him into the limelight again. His paintings are exhibited today in leading European and American museums. Franz Xaver Winterhalter Franz Xaver Winterhalter (20 April 1805 – 8 July 1873) was a German", "title": "Franz Xaver Winterhalter" }, { "id": "14615784", "score": "1.3871031", "text": "them are Gustav Klimt, one of the most important Austrian painters of the turn of the 20th century. For instance, Klimt's painting Adele Bloch-Bauer which sold for USD 135 million in 2006 was used for a whole collection of jewelry. Among other artists whose styles are used by Frey Wille in the creation of their product collection are, most notably, Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser, one of the founders of impressionism Claude Monet, and Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, the father of Art Nouveau. Part of the reason for deciding to create collections inspired by well-known artist was that in the 1990s", "title": "Frey Wille" }, { "id": "16542026", "score": "1.3836682", "text": "by woodcutting workshops across Europe, because, as his friend Lyka Karoly claimed, \"his paintings showed the authentic Orient\". Lyka Karoly also gave a detailed description of Eisenhut's studio in Munich, which was located at Mozartstrasse 13/4. Another famous painting made at the time was \"Death of Gül Baba\", for which he won the State Gold Medal at an exhibition in Budapest. Afterwards, he had exhibitions in Munich, Paris and Madrid. In 1894, he painted the interior of New York Palace in Budapest. Franz Eisenhut's most famous work is the painting \"Battle of Zenta\", made in 1896 for the Hungarian Millennium", "title": "Franz Eisenhut" }, { "id": "7983754", "score": "1.3813999", "text": "obvious from his letters that in private life he continued to create many works of art until his death on June 23, 1911. Four of the most famous works of Hofmann are in the possession of the Riverside Church in New York: \"Christ and the Rich Young Ruler\", \"Christ in Gethsemane\", \"Christ in the Temple\" and \"Christ's Image\". According to information of the Riverside Church, the painting Christ in Gethsemane is without much doubt one of the most copied paintings in the world. The religious body of Hofmann’s work has gained in importance in the past years. One of the", "title": "Heinrich Hofmann (painter)" } ]

[ "MacGraw", "McGraw (disambiguation)", "macgraw", "McGraw", "mcgraw disambiguation", "mcgraw" ]

[ { "id": "1866734", "score": "1.4419557", "text": "Phil McGraw Phillip Calvin McGraw (born September 1, 1950), known as Dr. Phil, is an American television personality, author, psychologist, and the host of the television show \"Dr. Phil\", which debuted in 2002. McGraw first gained celebrity status with appearances on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" in the late 1990s. In 2017. Forbes has listed his earnings at $79 million for the previous 12 months, and ranked him the 15th highest earning celebrity in the world. McGraw was born in Vinita, Oklahoma, the son of Joseph J. McGraw, Jr. and his wife, Anne Geraldine \"Jerry\" (née Stevens). He grew up with", "title": "Phil McGraw" }, { "id": "6016429", "score": "1.4302831", "text": "Dr. Phil (talk show) Dr. Phil is an American tabloid talk show hosted by Phil McGraw. After McGraw's success with his segments on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", \"Dr. Phil\" debuted on September 16, 2002. On both shows McGraw offers advice in the form of \"life strategies\" from his life experience as a clinical and forensic psychologist. The show is in syndication throughout the United States and a number of other countries. Its tenth season premiered on September 12, 2011. Occasional prime time specials have aired on CBS. The program has been nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award every year since", "title": "Dr. Phil (talk show)" }, { "id": "6016436", "score": "1.3963227", "text": "episode \"HumancentiPad\" of the fifteenth season of \"South Park\", Eric Cartman appears on the \"Dr. Phil\" show after accusing his mom of \"fucking him\". In \"The Garfield Show\" he is parodied as Dr. Whipple, an animal psychologist. Dr. Bill on \"The Fairly Odd Parents\" is a parody of Dr. Phil. In \"Drake and Josh\", the main characters appear on a parody of the show hosted by Dr. Phyllis. Dr. Phil (talk show) Dr. Phil is an American tabloid talk show hosted by Phil McGraw. After McGraw's success with his segments on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", \"Dr. Phil\" debuted on September", "title": "Dr. Phil (talk show)" }, { "id": "18843959", "score": "1.3489377", "text": "never changed. After his parents divorced, when he was 3 years old, he and his mother moved to the Netherlands, where he grew up. His mother tongue was Dutch. He obtained a master's degree in economics at the \"Economische Hogeschool Rotterdam\" (currently Erasmus University Rotterdam). Thus, he was entitled to use the academic title of doctorandus (\"drs.\"). In 1942, during the German occupation of the Netherlands, he wrote a children's story about Dolf & Ben (Hitler & Mussolini) who were punished by Uncle Sam (the USA). He was imprisoned in the Oranjehotel for four months, which were extended by two", "title": "Drs. P" }, { "id": "1866760", "score": "1.332806", "text": "famous Playboy Playmate triplets. The elder McGraw was best man at his son's wedding, despite the fact that he is vocally against pornography, which was held at his home in Beverly Hills. McGraw is also a private pilot, with an instrument rating, flying single-engine airplanes. McGraw has identified himself as a Christian. On 21 October 2017 he was threatened with lawsuit when he accidentally hit a skateboarder with his Mercedes-Benz. Phil McGraw Phillip Calvin McGraw (born September 1, 1950), known as Dr. Phil, is an American television personality, author, psychologist, and the host of the television show \"Dr. Phil\", which", "title": "Phil McGraw" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dr. Phil (talk show)\n\nDr. Phil is an American talk show created by Oprah Winfrey and the host Phil McGraw. After McGraw's segments on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", \"Dr. Phil\" debuted on September 16, 2002. On both shows, McGraw offers advice in the form of \"life strategies\" from his life experience as a clinical and forensic psychologist. The show is in syndication throughout the United States and several other countries. Occasional prime-time specials have aired on CBS.\n\nThe executive producers are Phil McGraw and showrunner Oprah Winfrey. It is a production of Peteski Productions and distributed by CBS Media Ventures. Harpo Productions co-produced the series until 2010, with Paramount Domestic Television and its successor, CBS Paramount Domestic Television, serving as secondary co-producers until 2007. It was originally distributed by King World Productions.\n\nThe program is recorded before a live studio audience in Stage 29 on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood, California. It is recorded from August through to May with a break in December for the holiday season. On October 25, 2018, it was announced that \"Dr. Phil\" had been renewed for four additional seasons, taking the show to May 2023, or the end of its 21st season.", "title": "Dr. Phil (talk show)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "James Marsters\n\nJames Wesley Marsters (born August 20, 1962) is an American actor, musician, singer, comic book writer, and audiobook narrator. \n\nHe is sometimes credited in various anime series and video games as David Gray and Sam Majesters in the series \"Dragon Ball Super\" and the video game \"Dragon Ball FighterZ\" respectively. He is best known for his role as the British punk vampire, Spike in The WB series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and its spin-off, \"Angel\". Since then, he has played the alien supervillain Brainiac along with Professor Milton Fine and Brainiac 5 on the Superman-inspired series \"Smallville\", Captain John Hart on \"Torchwood\" and terrorist Barnabas Greeley in Syfy's \"Caprica\". \n\nHe appeared in a supporting role in the film \"P.S. I Love You\", as Victor Hesse in the 2010 reboot of \"Hawaii Five-0\", and Victor Stein in the Marvel series \"Runaways\". He is also the voice of Zamasu along with Future Zamasu for the \"Funimation\" dub of the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise. He starred in the critically acclaimed two-part indie film \"A Bread Factory\" by director Patrick Wang. He also voiced the roles of Lex Luthor in the film \"\" and the video game \"DC Universe Online\", Sergei in \"\", Mister Fantastic in \"The Super Hero Squad Show\", Korvac in \"Ultimate Spider-Man\", Captain Faro Argyus in \"\", Louis 'Match' Morris in \"\", Nosferatu (which is miscredited as 'Dracula') in \"DuckTales\" and Various voices in \"\".", "title": "James Marsters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John Edward\n\nJohn Edward McGee Jr. (born October 19, 1969) is an American television personality, author and a self-proclaimed psychic medium.\n\nAfter writing his first book on the subject in 1998, Edward became a well-known (and controversial) figure in the United States with his shows broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel premiering in July 2000 along with broadcasting on We TV since May 2006.", "title": "John Edward" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Farrah Abraham\n\nFarrah Abraham (born May 31, 1991) is an American reality television personality, singer, pornographic actress, and writer. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Council Bluffs, Iowa, she received public attention after being cast in the reality television series \"16 and Pregnant\" in 2009, which documented the pregnancies and first months of motherhood for several young women. Later that year, she was cast in the spin-off series \"Teen Mom\", and appeared in each of its four seasons until its conclusion in 2012. That August, she released her debut studio album and first memoir, both of which were titled \"My Teenage Dream Ended\". The book made it onto \"The New York Times\" bestseller list.", "title": "Farrah Abraham" }, { "id": "12075688", "score": "1.3309541", "text": "concept, which originated on \"Dr. Phil\", mostly focuses on health and medical issues, as a team of medical professionals (and sometimes celebrity guests/speakers) discuss a range of various health-related topics and answer questions from viewers who are too embarrassed to ask their own doctors. The series is hosted by emergency room physician and former \"The Bachelor\" participant Travis Stork, a University of Virginia trained physician, who has appeared frequently on \"Dr. Phil\", with pediatrician Jim Sears, obstetrician/gynecologist Lisa Masterson, and plastic surgeon Andrew Ordon rounding out the discussion panel. On May 6, 2011, it was announced that Jillian Michaels had", "title": "The Doctors (talk show)" }, { "id": "15366119", "score": "1.3148994", "text": "text suggestion that popped up when his name was typed (furthermore, one of his friends, following that, called him \"Doctor Picto\"). Doctor P Doctor P is the stage name of the English dubstep producer and DJ, Shaun Brockhurst (born 9 April 1986). Shaun has also produced drum and bass under the aliases Sounds Destructive (with Zachary Kemp, currently known as Trolley Snatcha), Slum Dogz (with DJ Swan-E and Krafty MC) and DJ Picto (or simply Picto). Some of his songs, including \"Sweet Shop\", \"Tetris\", \"Big Boss\", \"Watch Out\" and the remixes of Example's \"Last Ones Standing\" and Plan B's \"Love", "title": "Doctor P" }, { "id": "6016430", "score": "1.3135145", "text": "2004. Since September 2008, \"Dr. Phil\" has been broadcast in HDTV with a revamped look and a new theme written and performed by McGraw's son, Jordan. \"Dr. Phil\" is a production of Peteski Productions and distributed by CBS Television Distribution. Harpo Productions co-produced the series until 2010, with Paramount Domestic Television and its successor CBS Paramount Domestic Television serving as secondary co-producers until 2007, and it was originally distributed by King World Productions. This program is recorded on videotape before a live studio audience in Stage 29 on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood, California. \"Dr. Phil\" tapes from August", "title": "Dr. Phil (talk show)" }, { "id": "524122", "score": "1.3131075", "text": "discourages him from consulting a specialist with an obviously Jewish name, suggesting he might be cheated. When Phil reveals that he is himself Jewish, the doctor becomes uncomfortable and leaves. In addition, the janitor is shocked to see that a Jewish name is listed on the mail box, instead of his Christian name. Also, when Phil wants to celebrate his honeymoon at a swanky hotel for rich people in the country, the hotel manager refuses to register Phil, because Phil is Jewish, and tells him to register at a different hotel instead. Tommy becomes the target of bullies when his", "title": "Gentleman's Agreement" }, { "id": "10791886", "score": "1.3126736", "text": "Phil Brewer Phil Brewer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\". Roy Thinnes originated the role during the show's premiere. In 1963, Jessie Brewer, R.N., is married to Dr. Phil Brewer, an intern, who is seven years younger than her. Jessie sacrifices a lot to help him become a cardiologist. Phil is a philandering husband and has an affair with Cynthia Allison. Jessie files for divorce in 1964. Jessie finds out she is pregnant, and Phil leaves Cynthia. Jessie miscarries and they split up again. In 1965, an inebriated Phil rapes Jessie and she becomes", "title": "Phil Brewer" }, { "id": "12075694", "score": "1.2973676", "text": "denied the rumors. The Doctors (talk show) The Doctors (alternatively \"The Drs\" as seen on logo bugs and background graphics) is an American syndicated talk show airing daily on television in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Australia, Ireland, Sweden and Finland. It debuted on September 8, 2008. The hour-long daytime program is produced by Phil McGraw and his son Jay McGraw and is distributed domestically and globally by CBS Television Distribution. The series is a spin-off of \"Dr. Phil\" and is the first talk show to be a third generation talk show spin-off, as \"Dr. Phil\" itself spun off \"The Oprah", "title": "The Doctors (talk show)" }, { "id": "5688261", "score": "1.2915332", "text": "Ugly Phil Ugly Phil O'Neil (born Phillip Surridge on 14 March 1963) is a radio DJ/announcer. He was born in the United Kingdom, and lived the majority of his life in Australia. Before adopting the on-air name of Ugly Phil he was known on-air as Phil O'Neil. Phil has hosted the Hot30 Countdown, Drive at Nova 969, and Evenings at Triple M several times. Phil also hosted a National Charts Show across the major and regional markets (\"Ugly Phil's Hot Hits\") previously known and currently known as \"The Hot Hits\" before and after his association with presenting the show. From", "title": "Ugly Phil" }, { "id": "8950286", "score": "1.285855", "text": "Phil D'Amato Dr. Phil D’Amato is the central character in three science fiction mystery novelettes and three novels written by Paul Levinson. The first novelette, \"The Chronology Protection Case\", was adapted into a radio play which was nominated for an Edgar Award by the Mystery Writers of America. The first novel, \"The Silk Code\", won the Locus Award for the Best First Novel of 1999. The fictional D'Amato, who has a PhD in forensic science, is a detective with the NYPD. Dr. Phil D’Amato debuted in \"The Chronology Protection Case\", published in the American magazine \"Analog\" in 1995. The novelette", "title": "Phil D'Amato" }, { "id": "16838097", "score": "1.2845328", "text": "Phil Burgers Philip Burgers is an American writer, comedy performer, director and clown teacher . He is best known for his award-winning character \"Dr Brown\". Burgers began his career in 2007 following training at the French clown school Ecole Philippe Gaulier. His most notable success to date is with the character Dr Brown. Dr Brown is a physical character based in an absurd world. Burgers took \"Dr Brown Because\" and \"Dr Brown Becaves\" around the world from 2009 - 2011 including Prague Fringe, Hong Kong Microfest, Australia. Since 2011, he has continued with Dr Brown in the family shows with", "title": "Phil Burgers" }, { "id": "10081904", "score": "1.2845063", "text": "the pseudonym of \"Dr. med. Dr. phil. Clemens Bartholdy\". When asked about his dissertation's subject, he reportedly replied \"On Pseudologia phantastica [with regard to] the example of the character Felix Krull from the homonymous novel by Thomas Mann and cognitively induced distortions in stereotypical judgment\". Due to coincidence, his true identity was discovered in April 1983 and Postel had to leave his position in public service. In 1984, he received a suspended sentence and was placed on probation for multiple instances of forgery of documents, unauthorized assumption of academic titles and forgery of health certificates. Also during the eighties, by", "title": "Gert Postel" }, { "id": "8950293", "score": "1.2788855", "text": "Hugo Award winning author Connie Willis said \"Forensic detective Phil D’Amato is one of my favorite characters.\" Phil D'Amato Dr. Phil D’Amato is the central character in three science fiction mystery novelettes and three novels written by Paul Levinson. The first novelette, \"The Chronology Protection Case\", was adapted into a radio play which was nominated for an Edgar Award by the Mystery Writers of America. The first novel, \"The Silk Code\", won the Locus Award for the Best First Novel of 1999. The fictional D'Amato, who has a PhD in forensic science, is a detective with the NYPD. Dr. Phil", "title": "Phil D'Amato" }, { "id": "1866754", "score": "1.2759362", "text": "a matter that the law covers or would be concerned about. On April 13, 2008, a producer for the \"Dr. Phil\" show secured $30,000 bail for the ringleader of a group of eight teenage girls who viciously beat another girl and videotaped the attack. The teen had been booked at the Polk County, Florida, jail on charges that included kidnapping and assault. Producers of the \"Dr. Phil \"show had made plans to tape a one-hour show devoted to the incident and had sent a production assistant to Orlando to help book guests for the show, but when news broke that", "title": "Phil McGraw" }, { "id": "15366117", "score": "1.2757158", "text": "Doctor P Doctor P is the stage name of the English dubstep producer and DJ, Shaun Brockhurst (born 9 April 1986). Shaun has also produced drum and bass under the aliases Sounds Destructive (with Zachary Kemp, currently known as Trolley Snatcha), Slum Dogz (with DJ Swan-E and Krafty MC) and DJ Picto (or simply Picto). Some of his songs, including \"Sweet Shop\", \"Tetris\", \"Big Boss\", \"Watch Out\" and the remixes of Example's \"Last Ones Standing\" and Plan B's \"Love Goes Down\" have all received more than 5 million views on YouTube. He is the co-founder of Circus Records, along with", "title": "Doctor P" }, { "id": "1691774", "score": "1.269735", "text": "my fans. So, it's kind of like the refuge outside of my head.\" In August, 2015, Brendon appeared on the \"Dr. Phil Show\" to discuss his recent arrests and alcoholism. However, he walked off soon after the interview began. Writing on Facebook about the interview he wrote; \"when I was in that seat, I felt that Dr. Phil went for the jugular, talking about some of my recent mistakes, with no build up. I felt that he wanted me to lay the darkest parts of myself on national TV right from the start, and I’m not willing to do that.\"", "title": "Nicholas Brendon" }, { "id": "1866749", "score": "1.2621846", "text": "by 1/3 to $30 million, and he dropped to the number 30 spot on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Late in 2007, McGraw began promoting his 2008 \"Dr. Phil Show\" extension, \"The Doctors\". The show is hosted by television personality and ER physician Travis Stork (\"The Bachelor\"). Other experts scheduled to appear include various personalities who have appeared on the \"Dr. Phil\" show over the years, such as Lisa Masterson, an obstetrician/gynecologist; Andrew Ordon, a plastic surgeon; and Jim Sears, a pediatrician. Masterson, Ordon, and Sears appeared on the \"Dr. Phil\" show during the 2007–08 season so that McGraw could", "title": "Phil McGraw" } ]

[ "old mexico", "Estados Unidos de México", "Mexican coast", "United states of mexico", "central mexico", "mexic", "The United Mexican States", "Central Mexico", "messico", "Mexiko", "mexican united states", "EUM", "mexican", "Mexxico", "Estados Unidos de Mexico", "United State of Mexico", "mexican federal republic", "Mexican Federal Republic", "The United State of Mexico", "México", "Mehico", "eum", "mejico", "Mexico", "ISO 3166-1:MX", "Mejico", "republic of mexico", "united state of mexico", "United Mexican States", "Méjico", "mexicó", "mexican republic", "mexican union", "estados unidos de mexico", "united mexican states", "Mexico (country)", "The United States of Mexico", "estados unidos de méxico", "mexique", "Mexicó", "mountains of mexico", "Etymology of Mexico", "mehico", "Meixcan", "méxico", "mexican coast", "Messico", "Untied Mexican States", "Estados Unidos Mexicanos", "untied mexican states", "Mexican Republic", "Republic of Mexico", "Sierra de la Estrella", "mexico", "Mexican'", "The United States of Mexicans", "etymology of mexico", "united states of mexicans", "Old Mexico", "sierra de la estrella", "United States of Mexico", "mexiko", "United States of Mexicans", "Mexic", "Mexican Union", "meixcan", "Mexican United States", "Mountains of Mexico", "iso 3166 1 mx", "mexico country", "Mexique", "mexxico", "MEXICO", "united states of mexico", "estados unidos mexicanos", "méjico" ]

[ { "id": "2397730", "score": "2.1052175", "text": "Pedro Lascuráin Pedro José Domingo de la Calzada Manuel María Lascuráin Paredes (8 May 1856 – 21 July 1952) was a Mexican politician who served as the 34th President of Mexico for less than one hour on February 19, 1913, the shortest presidency in the history of the world. He had earlier served as Mexico's foreign secretary for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for sixteen years. Lascuráin was born in Mexico City in 1856. He was the son of Francisco Lascuráin Icaza and Ana Paredes Cortés. Lascuráin received a law degree", "title": "Pedro Lascuráin" }, { "id": "2397733", "score": "1.8672259", "text": "Lascuráin, as foreign secretary, assume the presidency, who would then appoint him as his interior secretary, making Huerta next in line to the presidency, and then resign. The presidency thus passed to Huerta. As a consequence, Lascuráin was president for less than an hour; sources quote figures ranging from 15 to 56 minutes. To date, Lascuráin's presidency is the shortest in history, even briefer than that of Venezuelan politician Diosdado Cabello in 2002. Huerta called a late-night special session of Congress, and under the guns of his troops, the legislators endorsed his assumption of power. A few days later, Huerta", "title": "Pedro Lascuráin" }, { "id": "5544136", "score": "1.7064588", "text": "landowner who held large estates. Escalón's presidency was paved by General Tomas Regalado who, in 1903, after gaining and centralizing power, transferred power to him. Escalón's presidency also marked the beginning of democracy in the country. It was from his term in office that the law of every president being allowed a maximum of four years in office was put into effect. Pedro José Escalón Pedro José Escalón (March 25, 1847 – September 6, 1923) was born in Santa Ana, El Salvador. In 1865 he married Elena Rodríguez (died December 3, 1921) and they had three children: Dolores, Federico and", "title": "Pedro José Escalón" }, { "id": "10466525", "score": "1.6911042", "text": "the July Revolution on August 2, 1830, he ascended to the throne, but abdicated around 19 minutes later. This reign is disputed, as some historians believe this reign is too short to be valid. The next contender is the unnamed daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei who was appointed by her grandmother, Empress Dowager Hu. She reigned for a matter of hours until being replaced by Yuan Zhou. Mexican politician Pedro Lascuráin served as the 34th President of Mexico for a short period of time ranging from 15 to 56 minutes before he quit in a coup d'état in", "title": "Records of heads of state" }, { "id": "5556647", "score": "1.6882513", "text": "handed the position over to Manuel Gondra on November 25, 1910. Less than two months later, this President resigned and a period of anarchy started in the country, which led him again to take the temporary presidency on March 25, 1912. A few months later, on August 15, 1912, he handed over command to constitutional president Eduardo Schaerer, which meant the beginning of using such date as the starting date for future presidential terms. During his second term peace was reached in the country, after two long years of civil war. He later served again as Vice President of José", "title": "Emiliano González Navero" }, { "id": "3329973", "score": "1.6356983", "text": "nullified the Rio de Janeiro Protocol, which led to conflicts between Ecuador and Peru, including Paquisha in 1981 and the War of El Cenepa in 1995. Finally, in 1968 Velasco Ibarra won the presidency for a fifth time. This government ended abruptly on February 15, 1972, when once more he was deposed in a bloodless coup, which brought General Guillermo Rodríguez Lara to power. In total, Velasco Ibarra governed nearly 13 years, making him the longest-serving president in Ecuadorian history (although Rafael Correa's decade-long presidency from 2007 until 2017 is the longest continuous presidency). The events surrounding the end of", "title": "José María Velasco Ibarra" }, { "id": "7713062", "score": "1.6225731", "text": "were aboard the cruiser \"Cuba\", which would take them to exile in the island of Cuba along with their families. However, Lascurain was too weak-willed to refuse Huerta the presidency he craved, and so he handed the resignations over to the Congress of the Union. The Congress, held hostage at gun point by Huerta's men accepted the resignation. Following the resignation of the President and Vice President, Lascurain himself, as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, succeeded to the Presidency. He would last a mere 45 minutes (the shortest term in history), only long enough to appoint Huerta as Secretary of the", "title": "José María Pino Suárez" }, { "id": "2397732", "score": "1.6141355", "text": "Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson. On 19 February 1913, General Victoriano Huerta overthrew Madero. Lascuráin was one of the people who convinced Madero to resign the presidency while he was being held prisoner in the National Palace and claimed that his life was in danger if he refused. Under the 1857 Constitution of Mexico, the vice-president, the attorney general, the foreign secretary, and the interior secretary stood in line to the presidency. As well as Madero, Huerta had ousted Vice-President José María Pino Suárez and Attorney General Adolfo Valles Baca. To give the coup d'état some appearance of legality, he had", "title": "Pedro Lascuráin" }, { "id": "5088022", "score": "1.5982698", "text": "de los Capitanes Generales and after intensive debate between various proposed candidates, it was agreed that Ramón Grau would be the next president. Grau's presidency became known as the One Hundred Days Government and ended on . Carlos E. Finlay for Secretary of Health, Antonio Guiteras Holmes for Secretary of Government, Ramiro Copablanca for Secretary of the Presidency, Germán Álvarez Fuentes for Secretary of Agriculture, Joaquin del Rio Balamaseda for Secretary of Justice, Julio Aguado for Secretary of War & Navy, Gustavo Moreno for Secretary of Public Works and Manuel Marquez Sterling for Secretary of State The One Hundred Days", "title": "Ramón Grau" }, { "id": "12267826", "score": "1.5932473", "text": "1988 Constitution was sworn-in on 15 March 1990, but his presidential term would only end on 31 December 1995. Collor resigned the presidency in December 1992 and, was succeeded by Itamar Franco. His term of office was shortened by the Constitutional Amendment that reduced the duration of presidential terms from five to four years. As a result, Itamar Franco served until 31 December 1994, and, since 1995, Inauguration Day has been on 1 January as dictated by the permanent provisions of the Federal Constitution. Fernando Henrique Cardoso was the first President of Brazil to be inaugurated on 1 January, the", "title": "Brazilian presidential inauguration" }, { "id": "7713035", "score": "1.5905324", "text": "15 October 1911, he won the vice-presidency with a comfortable majority and he was subsequently sworn in on 6 November by the Congress of the Union. In 1912 alongside the Vice-presidency, he was also selected as Minister of Education and Fine Arts. In 1913, during the events of the Ten Tragic Days, a group of convicted army officers escaped from prison and launched a military coup against the President. Although at first the coup was unsuccessful in taking over the seat of the executive, Palacio Nacional, and was contained to one small area of the centre of Mexico City known", "title": "José María Pino Suárez" }, { "id": "8628436", "score": "1.5820394", "text": "for Talca (1924-1930) and Talca, Linares and Curico (1930-1932). At the time of the collapse of the first administration of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo in 1931, he was the President of the Senate. As such he took over as provisional vice president. He assumed on July 26, and that same night he formed his cabinet, headed by a very reluctant Juan Esteban Montero as interior minister and Pedro Blanquier, the other key player, as Finance minister. When the ministers arrived on the next morning, Opaso resigned by decree on Montero. His entire administration had lasted less than 24 hours. The", "title": "Pedro Opaso" }, { "id": "1568865", "score": "1.5773162", "text": "from among the top two candidates (prior to 1995, the top three candidates were eligible). The current President of Bolivia is Evo Morales, since 22 January 2006. He was elected in 2005, and reelected in 2009 and again in 2014. On 17 October 2015, Morales surpassed Andrés de Santa Cruz's nine years, eight months, and twenty-four days in office to become the president with the longest unbroken term in office. Morales surpassed Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who previously served as the longest-serving president with just over 12 years in office, but these terms were nonconsecutive. During its more than 192 years", "title": "President of Bolivia" }, { "id": "3165605", "score": "1.5743695", "text": "Café Filho assumed the Presidency from August 24, 1954 until November 8, 1955 when due to illness he was briefly replaced by Carlos Luz, President of the Chamber of Deputies (November 8, 1955 – November 11, 1955) who was quickly removed by Minister of the Army Nereu Ramos who then served until January 31, 1956 when president-elect Juscelino Kubitschek was finally inaugurated. Kubitschek's presidency was marked by a time of political optimism. Campaigning on a platform of \"fifty years of progress in five\" he presented a plan of National Development that had 31 goals distributed in six large groups: energy,", "title": "Second Brazilian Republic" }, { "id": "5279518", "score": "1.5738888", "text": "would be called upon to head the new cabinet. His hopes were dashed however, as this \"rotary\" system arrived at a total of 15 ministers, the first of whom lasted only 18 days in office, and the last of whom failed even to appear before Congress, the previous minister having resigned only days before the handover of government. Some deputies, led by the liberal Manuel Rivas Vicuña, tried to correct the parliamentary vices, with the support of Pres. Barros Luco. In 1912 he approved a modification to the system of parliamentary debate (in particular the system to finish debates), however", "title": "Ramón Barros Luco" }, { "id": "3678004", "score": "1.56843", "text": "the Minister of Defence Henrique Teixeira Lott over his fear that Luz might support a plot to prevent President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek from taking office. As of 2018, Luz remains the shortest-serving President of Brazil. Carlos Luz Carlos Coimbra da Luz (; 4 August 1894 – 9 February 1961) was a Brazilian politician. After the political crisis following the Getúlio Vargas suicide in 1954, Carlos Luz was the second of three presidents who ruled Brazil in a brief period of 16 months. At the time of President Café Filho's alleged illness he was the president of the Chamber of Deputies, and", "title": "Carlos Luz" }, { "id": "11478235", "score": "1.5680187", "text": "prior to 1933. When Trump later won the nomination, and subsequent election, Aarebrot referred to the result as \"frightening\" and expressed worry for the American democracy. In 2014, Aarebrot gave a televised lecture on Norwegian history from 1814 to 2014 in celebration of the 200-year anniversary of the Constitution of Norway, the lecture lasting three-and-a-half hours, one minute for every year. Dubbed a \"marathon lecture\" by the media, it was immensely popular with viewers, resulting in two more such lectures, a three-and-a-half hour lecture on World War II in Norway in 2015, and a four-hour lecture on all forty-four Presidents", "title": "Frank Aarebrot" }, { "id": "8861527", "score": "1.5656409", "text": "worst, now appealed to the American ambassador to grant the two political leaders asylum in his embassy. However Huerta announced that they would be transferred to more comfortable quarters — from the Presidential Palace to the main penitentiary of Mexico City. Gen. Huerta assumed the presidency on Thursday, the 20th of February, carefully observing formalities which are held to establish the legality of his rule. The president and vice president having resigned, Madero's Minister of Foreign Relations, Pedro Lascuráin, was recognized as President for the few 45 minutes necessary for him to appoint Victoriano Huerta Minister of the Interior, and", "title": "Ten Tragic Days" }, { "id": "4800661", "score": "1.5644457", "text": "few years in exile before returning to La Ceiba, Honduras to die in July 1926. Francisco Bertrand Francisco Bertrand Barahona (1866–1926) was twice President of Honduras, first from 28 March 1911 to 1 February 1912, and then again between 21 March 1913 and 9 September 1919. His successor and predecessor was Manuel Bonilla, and Bertrand served as the Vice President in Bonilla's cabinet. He was a member of the National Party. Bertrand started out with a reputation as a conciliator, but during his last presidency was involved in armed conflict with his political opponents. It is believed that United States", "title": "Francisco Bertrand" }, { "id": "8475606", "score": "1.5582875", "text": "Eulogio Rodriguez Eulogio \"Amang\" Adona Rodríguez Sr. (January 21, 1883 – December 19, 1964) was a Filipino politician, the longest-serving Senate President after Manuel L. Quezon, serving the post from April 30, 1952 to April 17, 1953 and May 20, 1953 to April 5, 1963. Coming from a rich family, Rodríguez was born in Montalban (renamed \"Rodriguez\" in his honor), then part of Manila province on January 21, 1883 to Petronilo Rodríguez and Monica Adona. He first studied at the Spanish-run public school in Montalban, then took his secondary course at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila,", "title": "Eulogio Rodriguez" } ]

[ "Scramble (golf)", "golf sport", "Golf technology", "Duffed", "Golf Conditioning", "Texas scramble", "duffed", "The Development of Golf Technology", "golfer", "scotch foursomes", "golf", "Men's Golf", "texas scramble", "duffs", "golf conditioning", "Golfing", "Golf", "golf tournament", "Golf (Sport)", "Golfer", "scramble golf", "Golf Tournament", "golfing", "golf technology", "🏌", "GOLF", "men s golf", "Golf conditioning", "Scotch foursomes", "development of golf technology", "Golf tournament", "Duffs" ]

[ { "id": "1751084", "score": "1.9673914", "text": "B. MacDonald. The only other golf tournament Sands ever competed in was the 1900 Summer Olympics. The women's division was a stage for many firsts that occurred in the Olympic games. Not only was this the first time women were ever able to compete in the Olympic games, the women's division was won by Margaret Abbott of Chicago Golf Club. Abbott shot a 47 to win and became the first ever American female to win a gold medal in the Olympic Games, though she received a gilded porcelain bowl as a prize instead of a medal. She is also the", "title": "Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "10717422", "score": "1.9352027", "text": "Charles Sands Charles Edward Sands (December 22, 1865 – August 9, 1945) was an American golfer, tennis and real tennis player who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1900 he won the gold medal in the men's individual golf competition. Sands also participated as tennis player at the 1900 Olympics. In the singles tournament he was eliminated in the first round. He and his British partner Archibald Warden were also eliminated in the first round of the doubles event. Also the mixed doubles competition ended for him and his partner Georgina Jones after", "title": "Charles Sands" }, { "id": "10717423", "score": "1.8673104", "text": "the first round. Eight years later he was again eliminated in the first round this time from the real tennis tournament. Charles Sands Charles Edward Sands (December 22, 1865 – August 9, 1945) was an American golfer, tennis and real tennis player who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1900 he won the gold medal in the men's individual golf competition. Sands also participated as tennis player at the 1900 Olympics. In the singles tournament he was eliminated in the first round. He and his British partner Archibald Warden were also eliminated in", "title": "Charles Sands" }, { "id": "1751083", "score": "1.8424983", "text": "October 1900 where they played two 18-hole rounds back-to-back. The following day, 3 October 1900, the women's tournament began, where they only played 9 holes. Charles Sands, pro at the St. Andrews Golf Club in Yonkers, New York finished the 36 hole tournament with 82-85 defeating Walter Rutherford of Jedburgh, Scotland by a mere one stroke. Finishing third for the men's division and receiving the bronze medal was David Robertson. Sands started playing golf in 1895 and three months later participated and made it to the final round of the first U.S. Amateur only to be beaten badly by Charles", "title": "Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "5914165", "score": "1.811281", "text": "the 1908 London Games, but an internal dispute amongst British golfers lead to them boycotting the event, leaving 1904 gold medallist George Lyon as the only competitor. Offered the gold medal by default, Lyon refused to accept it. 22 golfers competed in 1900, including 10 women and 12 men. The 1904 tournament featured 77 golfers, all men. Albert Lambert was the only golfer who competed both times; a total of 93 different golfers competed throughout the brief history of Olympic golf before it was brought back in 2016. Golf at the Summer Olympics Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic", "title": "Golf at the Summer Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/All" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:CHECKWIKI/WPC 111 dump" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Australia/Statistics/24 November 2011 ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Database reports/Broken section anchors/1" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject England/WatchAll" }, { "id": "7471668", "score": "1.8000227", "text": "the finals of the 1906 U.S. Amateur, in his 48th year, and in the round of 32 of the 1908 British Amateur, when in his 50th year. He was a lifelong amateur golfer, never turning professional. He traveled to London in 1908 to defend his Olympic title, but plans to stage a golf tournament there were cancelled at the last minute, since representatives from England and Scotland were unable to agree on the format. Offered the gold medal by default, Lyon refused to accept it. Golf did not return to the Olympics until 2016. Lyon was also a founding member,", "title": "George Lyon (golfer)" }, { "id": "12318459", "score": "1.7923307", "text": "U.S. Olympic team. This is due to the fact she had been residing in France to study art. Abbott competed because she played golf and happened to be in France. In the 1890s, Abbott played as a member of the Chicago Golf Club, where she initially learned to play the sport. She won the Olympics with a 9-hole score of 47. Abbott was awarded a porcelain bowl for first place in golf. The 1900 Games were the only Olympics at which winners received valuable artifacts instead of medals. All the competitors played in long skirts and fashionable hats, but according", "title": "Margaret Abbott" }, { "id": "1464226", "score": "1.7792544", "text": "she had become America's first ever female Olympic champion. 135 gymnasts took part in a competition that involved elements from track and field and weightlifting as well as gymnastic disciplines Eight separate tournaments were held in 1900 as part of the 1900 World's Fair. Only the Grand Prix Internationale de l'Exposition is counted as an official medal event. Entries were from clubs rather than countries, and the winning Foxhunters club comprised English, Irish and American players. Mexico won its first medal in this sport, a bronze won by Guillermo Hayden Wright, Marquez de Villavieja and three brothers: Eustaquio de Escandón", "title": "1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "1751085", "score": "1.7756271", "text": "second overall American woman to receive an Olympic medal. Abbott's mother, Mary Abbott, also competed in this Olympic event and finished tied for seventh, shooting a 65. They were the first and only mother and daughter that have ever competed in the same Olympic event at the same time. Margaret never knew that they were competing in the Olympics; she thought it was a normal golf tournament and died not knowing. Her historic victory was not known until University of Florida professor Paula Welch began to do research into the history of the Olympics and discovered that Margaret Abbott had", "title": "Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "3676948", "score": "1.7704709", "text": "Canada at the 1900 Summer Olympics The 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris were the first Olympics at which Canadian athletes participated. Two Canadians participated, although not as a national team (These were not introduced until later Olympics). Canada's Olympians were George Orton and Ronald J. MacDonald. Orton was the first Canadian to win a medal, finishing first in the 2500-metre steeplechase. He later finished third in the 400-metre hurdles and fifth in the 4000-metre steeplechase. Orton, who was at school at the University of Pennsylvania, had accompanied a United States delegation to the games. Both of Canada's competitors competed in", "title": "Canada at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "7471671", "score": "1.7672493", "text": "at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the gold medal being won by Englishman Justin Rose. Note: Lyon only played in the British Open, U.S. Amateur, and the British Amateur. NT = No tournament<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> DNQ = Did not qualify for match play portion<br> R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play Sources: U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur, 1905 Open, 1905 Amateur, 1908 Amateur. George Lyon (golfer) George Seymour Lyon (July 27, 1858 – May 11, 1938) was a Canadian golfer, an Olympic gold medalist in golf, an eight-time Canadian Amateur", "title": "George Lyon (golfer)" }, { "id": "1534958", "score": "1.7650933", "text": "a Swiss citizen in 1904; the IOC, however, still attributes his medals to the United States. The IOC also lists French-American Albert Corey as a United States competitor for his marathon silver medal, but (together with four undisputed Americans) as part of a mixed team for the team race silver medal. Other sources list the above athletes as competitors for their country of birth rather than the United States. 1904 Summer Olympics The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, United States from", "title": "1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "2750468", "score": "1.7589118", "text": "and compete in the 1904 Summer Olympics. There, he was eliminated in the heats of all three events he entered (60 metres, 100 metres and 200 metres). However, Kerr's performances got better, and he set Canadian records in all sprint distances between 40 and 220 yards. He won Canadian titles in the 100 yards (1907) and 200 yards (1906 to 1908). In 1908, Kerr travelled to England, where he competed in the British Championships, winning both the 100 and 200 yards. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, held in London, Kerr was considered to be somewhat of a home favourite by", "title": "Robert Kerr (athlete)" }, { "id": "12318456", "score": "1.7544968", "text": "and soon began winning local championships. After moving to Illinois, she joined the Chicago Golf Club and took up the game, winning local tournaments and was reported to have a two handicap. Mary and Margaret Abbott lived in Paris from 1899 to 1902. While in Paris, Mary researched a travel guide and Margaret studied art with Rodin and Degas. At the 1900 Paris Olympics, 22 women competed out of a total 997 athletes. It was the first time women were allowed to compete in the Olympic Games. The 1900 Olympics stretched over six months and were something of a sideshow", "title": "Margaret Abbott" }, { "id": "3676949", "score": "1.7535009", "text": "athletics, with Orton taking a gold and a bronze medal to tie the nation for 4th on the athletics medal leaderboard. Canada at the 1900 Summer Olympics The 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris were the first Olympics at which Canadian athletes participated. Two Canadians participated, although not as a national team (These were not introduced until later Olympics). Canada's Olympians were George Orton and Ronald J. MacDonald. Orton was the first Canadian to win a medal, finishing first in the 2500-metre steeplechase. He later finished third in the 400-metre hurdles and fifth in the 4000-metre steeplechase. Orton, who was at", "title": "Canada at the 1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "7471667", "score": "1.7515962", "text": "courses in most areas of Canada before that date, he won the gold medal in golf in the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, at age 46. He won the Canadian Amateur Championship a record eight times between 1898 and 1914, the last time in his 56th year. He was also runner-up in that event on two further occasions. He won the Canadian Seniors' Golf Association Championship ten times between 1918 and 1930, the final time in his 72nd year; these events were staged before the inauguration of the Canadian Senior Golf Championship by Golf Canada. Lyon lost in", "title": "George Lyon (golfer)" }, { "id": "103940", "score": "1.7430713", "text": "in Athletics in Helsinki. Kristin King and Sarah Parsons were members of the United States' 2006 bronze medal-winning ice hockey team. Cherie Piper, Gillian Apps, and Katie Weatherston were among Canada's ice hockey gold medalists in 2006. Dick Durrance and Tim Caldwell competed for the United States in skiing in the 1936 and 1976 Winter Olympics, respectively. Arthur Shaw, Earl Thomson, Edwin Myers, Marc Wright, Adam Nelson, Gerry Ashworth, and Vilhjálmur Einarsson have all won medals in track and field events. Former heavyweight rower Dominic Seiterle is a member of the Canadian national rowing team and won a gold medal", "title": "Dartmouth College" }, { "id": "1464234", "score": "1.7424781", "text": "a minor tournament. On the 11th of July a landmark was reached in the history of the Olympic Games. Charlotte Cooper, already three times Wimbledon champion, took the singles championship to become the first individual female Olympic champion, also winning the mixed doubles event. A combined Sweden/Denmark team, made up of three competitors from each country, defeated the French team to win the title. One of the members of the French team was born in Colombia. They were left as the only participating teams; the United States had entered but were forced to scratch as three of their team were", "title": "1900 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "3677403", "score": "1.73922", "text": "as a team. The most notable Canadian medal winner was Etienne Desmarteau who placed first in the 56 pound weight throw. He was fired as a Montreal police officer when he left to compete at the games. Returning as a medallist and local hero he was reinstated, but died the next year of typhoid. Canada won two golds in team sports, two thirds of Canada's total in all summer games. The Canadian soccer team from Galt, Ontario won gold and a team known as the Winnipeg Shamrocks won the field lacrosse title. The third-place finishers were also from Canada, a", "title": "Canada at the 1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "1464218", "score": "1.729168", "text": "races by United Kingdom. Only George Orton, who won Canada's first Olympic title in the shorter of the two steeplechases, ruined a perfect record for the British. Orton won his title less than an hour after placing third in the 400 metre hurdles. The most contentious of all the events in these Games began and ended in the Bois de Boulogne. Intended to follow the track of the old city wall, the course was poorly marked out and runners often got lost and had to double back on themselves before continuing. On some parts of the course, runners had to", "title": "1900 Summer Olympics" } ]

[ "μίνω", "Μίνως", "King Minos", "μίνως", "king minos", "minos", "Minos", "Μίνω" ]

[ { "id": "578323", "score": "1.7396502", "text": "(by this case, niece of former) is also loved by Zeus, but because of the same name, gave some confusions to others. After arriving in Crete, Europa had three sons fathered by Zeus: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon, the three of whom became the three judges of the Underworld when they died. In Crete she married Asterion also rendered Asterius and became mother (or step-mother) of his daughter Crete. There were two competing myths relating how Europa came into the Hellenic world, but they agreed that she came to Crete (Kríti), where the sacred bull was paramount. In the more familiar", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": "5799444", "score": "1.7062544", "text": "they had an affair under a plane tree (platanus), a tree that may be seen today in Gortys. Following this affair three children were born, Minos, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, who became the kings of the three Minoan Palaces in Crete. The identification of Europa in this myth gives weight to the claim that the civilization of the European continent was born on the island of Crete. A colossal statue of Europa sitting on the back of a bull was discovered at the amphitheatre in Gortyn in the nineteenth century and is now in the collections of the British Museum. Many", "title": "Gortyn" }, { "id": "20192200", "score": "1.7039685", "text": "Asterion (king of Crete) In Greek mythology, Asterion (; Greek: , gen.: , literally \"starry\") or Asterius (; ) denotes two sacred kings of Crete. The first Asterion, the son of Tectamus (son of Dorus) and an unnamed daughter of Cretheus. His father sailed to Crete with some Aeolians and Pelasgians and became the ruler of the island. Asterius inherited the throne from his father and he was the king of Crete at the time when Europa was abducted by Zeus and brought to his kingdom. He married Europa and became the stepfather of her sons by Zeus, who assumed", "title": "Asterion (king of Crete)" }, { "id": "840553", "score": "1.6690884", "text": "or perhaps Phoenix in a version in which Cadmus and Europa and their brothers are children of Phoenix (see Agenor and Phoenix). Zeus saw Europa gathering flowers, transformed himself into a white bull, and carried her away to the island of Crete. He then revealed his true identity and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Telephassa accompanied her son Cadmus on a quest to find Europa. The mother and son traveled to the islands of Rhodes and Thera before arriving in Thrace, where Telephassa fell ill and died. \"On Samothrace... the mother was called Elektra or Elektryone\", Karl Kerenyi", "title": "Telephassa" }, { "id": "275946", "score": "1.6149867", "text": "Rhadamanthys too. Asterion, king of Crete, adopted the three sons of Zeus and Europa, Minos, Sarpedon and Rhadamanthus. According to the \"Odyssey\" he spoke with Zeus every nine years for nine years. He got his laws straight from Zeus himself. When Minos' son Androgeos had won the Panathenaic Games the king, Aegeus, sent him to Marathon to fight a bull, resulting in the death of Androgeos. Outraged, Minos went to Athens to avenge his son, and on the way he camped at Megara where Nisos lived. Learning that Nisos' strength came from his hair, Minos gained the love of Scylla", "title": "Minos" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Minos\n\nIn Greek mythology, Minos (; , ) was a King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld.\n\nThe Minoan civilization of Crete was named after him by the archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans.", "title": "Minos" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rhadamanthus\n\nIn Greek mythology, Rhadamanthus () or Rhadamanthys () was a wise king of Crete. As the son of Zeus and Europa he was considered a demigod. His name means \"showing stern and inflexible judgement\". He later became one of the judges of the dead and an important figure in Greek mythology.\nSection::::Family.\nRhadamanthus was, according to mythology, the son of Zeus and Europa and brother to Sarpedon and Minos (also a king and later a judge of the dead). Together with his brother, Rhadamanthus was raised by Asterion, their stepfather. He had two sons, Gortys (associated with Gortyn, Crete) and Erythrus (founder of Erythrae).\n\nOther sources (e.g. Plutarch, \"Theseus\" 20) credit Rhadamanthys rather than Dionysus as the husband of Ariadne, and the father of Oenopion, Staphylus and Thoas. In this account, Ariadne was the daughter of Minos, Rhadamanthys' brother; another Ariadne was the daughter of Minos's grandson and namesake, who features in Theseus's legend and was rescued by Dionysus.", "title": "Rhadamanthus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Europa (consort of Zeus)\n\nIn Greek mythology, Europa (; , \"Eurṓpē\", ) was a Phoenician princess of Argive Greek origin, and the mother of King Minos of Crete. The continent of Europe may be named after her. The story of her abduction by Zeus in the form of a bull was a Cretan story; as classicist Károly Kerényi points out, \"most of the love-stories concerning Zeus originated from more ancient tales describing his marriages with goddesses. This can especially be said of the story of Europa.\"\n\nEuropa's earliest literary reference is in the \"Iliad\", which is commonly dated to the 8th century BC. Another early reference to her is in a fragment of the Hesiodic \"Catalogue of Women\", discovered at Oxyrhynchus. The earliest vase-painting securely identifiable as Europa dates from the mid-7th century BC.", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)\n\nIn Greek mythology, Sarpedon ( or ; ) was a son of Zeus, who fought on the side of Troy in the Trojan War. Although in the \"Iliad\", he was the son of Zeus and Laodamia, the daughter of Bellerophon, in the later standard tradition, he was the son of Zeus and Europa, and the brother of Minos and Rhadamanthus, while in other accounts the Sarpedon who fought at Troy was the grandson of the Sarpedon who was the brother of Minos.", "title": "Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Zeus\n\nZeus () is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods on Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Indra, Dyaus, and Zojz.<ref name=Hyllested&Joseph/>\n\nZeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, and Hephaestus. by whom the \"Iliad\" states that he fathered Aphrodite. According to the \"Theogony\", Zeus' first wife was Metis, by whom he had Athena.<ref name=\":hsdm\"/> Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many divine and heroic offspring, including Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses.<ref name=\"Hamilton1942\"/>\n\nHe was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned roles to the others: \"Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence.\" He was equated with many foreign weather gods, permitting Pausanias to observe \"That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men\". Zeus' symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical \"cloud-gatherer\" (Greek: , \"Nephelēgereta\") also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of three poses: standing, striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty. It was very important for the lightning to be exclusively in the god's right hand as the Greeks believed that people who were left-handed were associated with bad luck. ", "title": "Zeus" }, { "id": "578327", "score": "1.6140639", "text": "on his back, to the island of Crete. He then revealed his true identity, and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Zeus gave her a necklace made by Hephaestus and three additional gifts: Talos, Laelaps and a javelin that never missed. Zeus later re-created the shape of the white bull in the stars, which is now known as the constellation Taurus. Some readers interpret as manifestations of this same bull the Cretan beast that was encountered by Heracles, the Marathonian Bull slain by Theseus (and that fathered the Minotaur). Roman mythology adopted the tale of the \"Raptus\", also known", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": "2048027", "score": "1.5794373", "text": "classical legend of Europa being abducted not by Greek pirates but by Zeus in the shape of a bull is told in Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\". According to this account, Zeus took the guise of a tame white bull and mixed himself with the herds of Europa's father. While Europa and her female attendants were gathering flowers, she saw the bull, and got onto his back. Zeus took that opportunity and ran to the sea and swam, with her on his back, to the island of Crete. There he revealed his true identity, and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Zeus", "title": "Symbols of Europe" }, { "id": "836864", "score": "1.578804", "text": "father's kingdom and to becoming the eponym of the Phoenicians. All accounts agree on a Phoenician king who has several children, including the two sons named Cadmus and Cilix and a daughter named Europa. A certain Eidothea, wife of Phineus, was called the sister of Cadmus and thus maybe the daughter of Agenor. Zeus saw Agenor's daughter Europa gathering flowers and immediately fell in love with her. Zeus transformed himself into a white bull and carried Europa away to the island of Crete. He then revealed his true identity and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Agenor, meanwhile, sent", "title": "Agenor" }, { "id": "578316", "score": "1.5673802", "text": "Europa (consort of Zeus) In Greek mythology, Europa (; , \"Eurṓpē\", ) was the mother of King Minos of Crete, a woman of Phoenician origin, after whom the continent Europe is named. The story of her abduction by Zeus in the form of a bull was a Cretan story; as classicist Károly Kerényi points out, \"most of the love-stories concerning Zeus originated from more ancient tales describing his marriages with goddesses. This can especially be said of the story of Europa.\" Europa's earliest literary reference is in the \"Iliad\", which is commonly dated to the 8th century BC. Another early", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": "578324", "score": "1.563567", "text": "telling she was seduced by the god Zeus in the form of a bull, who breathed from his mouth a saffron crocus and carried her away to Crete on his back—to be welcomed by Asterion, but according to the more literal, euhemerist version that begins the account of Persian-Hellene confrontations of Herodotus, she was kidnapped by Cretans, who likewise were said to have taken her to Crete. The mythical Europa cannot be separated from the mythology of the sacred bull, which had been worshipped in the Levant. In 2012, an archaeological mission of the British Museum led by Lebanese archaeologist,", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": "275936", "score": "1.5533111", "text": "Minos In Greek mythology, Minos (; , \"Minōs\") was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld. The Minoan civilization of Crete has been named after him by the archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans. \"Minos\" is often interpreted as the Cretan word for \"king\", or, by a euhemerist interpretation, the name of a particular king that was", "title": "Minos" }, { "id": "578328", "score": "1.5508181", "text": "as \"The Abduction of Europa\" and \"The Seduction of Europa\", substituting the god Jupiter for Zeus. The myth of Europa and Zeus may have its origin in a sacred union between the Phoenician deities `Aštar and `Aštart (Astarte), in bovine form. Having given birth to three sons by Zeus, Europa married a king Asterios, this being also the name of the Minotaur and an epithet of Zeus, likely derived from the name \"`Aštar\". According to Herodotus' rationalizing approach, Europa was kidnapped by Greeks (probably Cretans) who were seeking to avenge the kidnapping of Io, a princess from Argos. His variant", "title": "Europa (consort of Zeus)" }, { "id": "79636", "score": "1.5226898", "text": "of his labors, took the Cretan bull to the Peloponnese. Europa and Zeus made love at Gortys and conceived the kings of Crete, Rhadamanthys, Sarpedon, and Minos. The labyrinth of the Palace of Knossos was the setting for the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur in which the Minotaur was slain by Theseus. Icarus and Daedalus were captives of King Minos and crafted wings to escape. After his death King Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades, while Rhadamanthys became the ruler of the Elysian fields. Crete has its own distinctive Mantinades poetry. The island is known for", "title": "Crete" }, { "id": "275940", "score": "1.5167558", "text": "the Minotaur; in revenge for the death of his son Androgeus during a riot (see Theseus). To reconcile the contradictory aspects of his character, as well as to explain how Minos governed Crete over a period spanning so many generations, two kings of the name of Minos were assumed by later poets and rationalizing mythologists, such as Diodorus Siculus and Plutarch— \"putting aside the mythological element\", as he claims— in his life of Theseus. According to this view, the first King Minos was the son of Zeus and Europa and brother of Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon. This was the 'good' king", "title": "Minos" }, { "id": "5017421", "score": "1.5110244", "text": "to him himself when it was time. In an alternative version of the story told by the Roman mythographer Hyginus, Dionysus was actually the son of Zeus and Persephone, who was torn apart by the Titans. Zeus rescued Dionysus's heart, ground it up, and mixed it into a potion, which he gave to Semele to drink, causing her to become pregnant with the infant who had been killed. According to M. David Litwa, the authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke consciously attempt to avoid portraying Jesus's conception as anything resembling pagan accounts of divine parentage; the author of", "title": "Jesus in comparative mythology" }, { "id": "275942", "score": "1.5094585", "text": "this Lycastus, and was a far more colorful character than his father and grandfather. It would be to this Minos that we owe the myths of Theseus, Pasiphaë, the Minotaur, Daedalus, Glaucus, and Nisus. Unlike Minos I, Minos II fathered numerous children, including Androgeus, Catreus, Deucalion, Ariadne, Phaedra, and Glaucus — all born to him by his wife Pasiphaë. Through Deucalion, he was the grandfather of King Idomeneus, who led the Cretans to the Trojan War. Doubtless there is a considerable historical element in the legend, perhaps in the Phoenician origin of Europa; it is possible that not only Athens,", "title": "Minos" }, { "id": "465603", "score": "1.5075614", "text": "the birthplace of Zeus as Crete. Minoan culture contributed many essentials of ancient Greek religion: \"by a hundred channels the old civilization emptied itself into the new\", Will Durant observed, and Cretan Zeus retained his youthful Minoan features. The local child of the Great Mother, \"a small and inferior deity who took the roles of son and consort\", whose Minoan name the Greeks Hellenized as Velchanos, was in time assumed as an epithet by Zeus, as transpired at many other sites, and he came to be venerated in Crete as Zeus Velchanos (\"boy-Zeus\"), often simply the \"Kouros\". In Crete, Zeus", "title": "Zeus" }, { "id": "843692", "score": "1.4758594", "text": "founded colonies in Asia Minor. Idaeus gave his name to the Idaean mountains, that is Mount Ida, where he built a temple to the Mother of the Gods (that is to Cybele) and instituted mysteries and ceremonies still observed in Phrygia in Dionysius's time. According to Dictys Cretensis, his wife was called Olizone, daughter of Phineus and became the mother of Erichthonius. Dardanus reigned for sixty four or sixty five years and was succeeded by his son Erichthonius. There are operas on the subject of Dardanus by Jean-Philippe Rameau (1739), Carl Stamitz (1770) and Antonio Sacchini (1784) Dardanus (son of", "title": "Dardanus (son of Zeus)" }, { "id": "9511101", "score": "1.4741116", "text": "for his step-son. With the Minotaur imprisoned in the labyrinth, Minos demanded that Athens send seven maidens and seven youths to be sacrificed to his monstrous son every nine years. After several years of this the son of the king of Athens, Theseus, was eventually chosen to be sacrificed to the Minotaur, who he swore to slay. When he succeeded in slaying the Minotaur he returned home with one of the princess of Crete, Phaedra, he was crowned king after his father had killed himself in grief believing his son to be dead. In this story the Minotaur was a", "title": "Devourer" }, { "id": "5017418", "score": "1.4733055", "text": "virgin goddess of wisdom, but she pushed him away, causing him to ejaculate on her thigh. Athena wiped the semen off using a tuft of wool, which she tossed into the dust, impregnating Gaia and causing her to give birth to Erichthonius, whom Athena adopted as her own child. Thus, Athena was able to produce a \"son\" without her losing her virginity. The Roman mythographer Hyginus records a similar story in which Hephaestus demanded Zeus to let him marry Athena since he was the one who had smashed open Zeus's skull, allowing Athena to be born. Zeus agreed to this", "title": "Jesus in comparative mythology" } ]

[ "peter sellers", "Peter Sellers", "Monty casino", "Filmography of Peter Sellers", "monty casino", "List of Peter Sellers films", "richard henry sellers", "filmography of peter sellers", "list of peter sellers films", "Monty Casino", "Richard Henry Sellers", "FIlmography of Peter Sellers" ]

[ { "id": "572953", "score": "1.9240088", "text": "of the character. The film also introduces two of the series regular characters: his superior, Commissioner Dreyfus (Herbert Lom), who is driven mad by Clouseau's blundering of the investigation; and his long-suffering Chinese man servant, Cato (Burt Kwouk), who is expected to improve Clouseau's martial arts skills by attacking him at random. Sellers stepped away from playing the character following this movie, but returned in \"The Return of the Pink Panther\" (1975) and its sequels. When the character returned for the film \"Inspector Clouseau\" (1968), he was portrayed by American actor Alan Arkin; Edwards was not involved in this production.", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "6208042", "score": "1.877327", "text": "Inspector Clouseau (film) Inspector Clouseau is a 1968 British comedy film. It was directed by Bud Yorkin, written by Frank Waldman and Tom Waldman and stars Alan Arkin as Inspector Clouseau. It was filmed by Mirisch Films at the MGM-British Studios, Borehamwood and in Europe. Screenwriter Frank Waldman would later co-write \"The Return of the Pink Panther\", \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\", \"Revenge of the Pink Panther\", and \"Trail of the Pink Panther\". Tom Waldman would co-write \"Trail\" with Frank. The film was not directed by Blake Edwards, did not have a score by Henry Mancini and the title role", "title": "Inspector Clouseau (film)" }, { "id": "572951", "score": "1.8649874", "text": "Christie. In his earliest appearances, Clouseau is slightly less inept and exaggerated; but in his first appearance he believes himself a skilled violinist, but plays out of tune, and often appears clumsy at his moments of highest dignity. Jacques Clouseau makes his first appearance as the Inspector in the 1963 film \"The Pink Panther\", which was released in the United States in March 1964. In this movie, the main focus was on David Niven's role as Sir Charles Lytton, the infamous jewel thief nicknamed \"the Phantom\", and his plan to steal the Pink Panther diamond; while the Clouseau character plays", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "6208043", "score": "1.860122", "text": "was not portrayed by Peter Sellers. All three were involved at that time with the film \"The Party\". The Mirisch Company wanted to proceed with this film, so when Sellers and Edwards declined to participate, Mirisch decided to proceed without them. The film languished in obscurity and although it has been released to home video on VHS and DVD, was not included in 2004's \"Pink Panther Collection\" but was later added to the \"Ultimate\" collection released in 2008. The film received mostly negative reviews and performed poorly at the box office. An organized crime wave strikes across Europe. Suspecting a", "title": "Inspector Clouseau (film)" }, { "id": "572946", "score": "1.8429239", "text": "Inspector Clouseau Inspector Jacques Clouseau () is a fictional character in Blake Edwards's farcical \"The Pink Panther\" series. He is portrayed by Peter Sellers in the original series, and also by Alan Arkin in the 1968 film \"Inspector Clouseau\" and, in a cameo, by Roger Moore (credited as Turk Thrust II) in the 1983 film \"Curse of the Pink Panther\". In the 2006 remake and its 2009 sequel, he is played by Steve Martin. Clouseau's likeness also appears in the Pink Panther animated cartoon shorts and segments. More recent animated depictions from the 1970s onward were redesigned to more closely", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Inspector Clouseau\n\nInspector Jacques Clouseau (), later granted the rank of Chief Inspector, is a fictional character in Blake Edwards' farcical \"The Pink Panther\" series. He is portrayed by Peter Sellers in the original series, and also by Alan Arkin in the 1968 film \"Inspector Clouseau\" and, in a cameo, by Roger Moore (credited as Turk Thrust II) in the 1983 film \"Curse of the Pink Panther\". In the 2006 remake and its 2009 sequel, Clouseau is portrayed by Steve Martin.\n\nClouseau's likeness also appears in the Pink Panther animated cartoon shorts and segments, where he is known as simply \"the Inspector\". More recent animated depictions from the 1970s onward were redesigned to more closely resemble Sellers, and later Martin.", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Peter Sellers" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Pink Panther\n\nThe Pink Panther is an American media franchise primarily focusing on a series of comedy-mystery films featuring an inept French police detective, Inspector Jacques Clouseau. The franchise began with the release of the classic film \"The Pink Panther\" in 1963. The role of Clouseau was originated by and is most closely associated with Peter Sellers. Most of the films were written and directed by Blake Edwards, with theme music composed by Henry Mancini. Elements and characters inspired by the films were adapted into other media, including books, comic books, video games and animated series.\n\nThe first film in the series derives its name from a pink diamond that has enormous size and value. The diamond is called the \"Pink Panther\" because the flaw at its center, when viewed closely, is said to resemble a leaping pink panther. The phrase reappears in the title of the fourth film \"The Return of the Pink Panther\", in which the theft of the diamond is again the center of the plot. The phrase was used for all the subsequent films in the series, even when the jewel did not figure in the plot. The jewel ultimately appeared in six of the 11 films.\n\nThe first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, featuring \"The Pink Panther Theme\" by Mancini, as well as the Pink Panther character. This character, designed by Hawley Pratt and Friz Freleng, was subsequently the subject of his own series of theatrical cartoons, beginning with \"The Pink Phink\" in 1964. The cartoon series gained its highest profile on television, aired on Saturday mornings as \"The Pink Panther Show\".\n\nThe character was featured in the opening of every Clouseau film except \"A Shot in the Dark\" and \"Inspector Clouseau\".", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Revenge of the Pink Panther\n\nRevenge of the Pink Panther is a 1978 comedy film. It is the sixth film in \"The Pink Panther\" comedy film series. Released in 1978, it is the final on-set performance of Peter Sellers in the role of Inspector Jacques Clouseau. It was also the last installment in the series that was distributed solely by United Artists.", "title": "Revenge of the Pink Panther" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Pink Panther Theme\n\n\"The Pink Panther Theme\" is an jazz composition by Henry Mancini written as the theme for the 1963 film \"The Pink Panther\" and subsequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 37th Academy Awards but lost to the Sherman Brothers for \"Mary Poppins\". The eponymous cartoon character created for the film's opening credits by David DePatie and Friz Freleng was animated in time to the tune. The tenor saxophone solo was played by Plas Johnson.", "title": "The Pink Panther Theme" }, { "id": "473977", "score": "1.8317268", "text": "starring Peter Sellers as the inept Inspector Clouseau. The relationship between the director and the lead actor was considered a fruitful, yet complicated one, with many disagreements during production. At various times in their film relationship, \"he more than once swore off Sellers\" as too hard to direct. However, in his later years, he admitted that working with Sellers was often irresistible: Five of those films involved Edwards and Sellers in original material; those films being \"The Pink Panther\" (1963), \"A Shot in the Dark\" (1964), \"The Return of the Pink Panther\" (1975), \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\" (1976), and", "title": "Blake Edwards" }, { "id": "6208050", "score": "1.8078959", "text": "hilarious blend of Keaton and Sellers.\" Inspector Clouseau (film) Inspector Clouseau is a 1968 British comedy film. It was directed by Bud Yorkin, written by Frank Waldman and Tom Waldman and stars Alan Arkin as Inspector Clouseau. It was filmed by Mirisch Films at the MGM-British Studios, Borehamwood and in Europe. Screenwriter Frank Waldman would later co-write \"The Return of the Pink Panther\", \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\", \"Revenge of the Pink Panther\", and \"Trail of the Pink Panther\". Tom Waldman would co-write \"Trail\" with Frank. The film was not directed by Blake Edwards, did not have a score by", "title": "Inspector Clouseau (film)" }, { "id": "572949", "score": "1.7809453", "text": "mundane (a worker for the phone company) to the ludicrously preposterous (a buck-toothed hunchback with an oversize nose); but these are usually overcome by his characteristic mannerisms. Chief Inspector Clouseau is a patriotic Frenchman; later films reveal he had fought in the French Resistance during the Second World War. He has been prone to infatuation (often reciprocated) ever since the first film, in which his antagonist cuckolds him. He is repeatedly perplexed by transvestites, to the extent that he addresses them as \"Sir or Madam\". Sellers maintained that Clouseau’s ego made the character's klutziness funnier, in the attempt to remain", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "572957", "score": "1.7737129", "text": "pre-production of another Clouseau film, \"The Romance of the Pink Panther\", at the time of his death. Blake Edwards attempted to continue telling Clouseau's story despite losing his lead actor. The 1982 film \"Trail of the Pink Panther\" utilized outtakes and alternative footage of Sellers as Clouseau in a new storyline in which a reporter (played by Joanna Lumley) investigates Clouseau's disappearance. In the process, she interviews characters from past Clouseau films (including the Lyttons, played by the returning David Niven and Capucine), and also meets Clouseau's equally inept father (played by Richard Mulligan). The immediate sequel to \"Trail\", \"Curse", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "572960", "score": "1.7693543", "text": "film has Clouseau as a bumbling Gendarme hired by Chief Inspector Dreyfus to serve as the visible investigator into a high-publicity murder, so that Dreyfus can carry out his own investigation without risking repercussions of failure; but Martin's Clouseau is considerably older than Sellers's, and although the 2006 film was placed prior to the events of the first \"Pink Panther\" film, the time frame has been advanced to the present day. Although foolish, Martin's Clouseau is able to locate the Pink Panther diamond and solve the case by knowledge, and observation, of obscure data. A running gag in this and", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "572947", "score": "1.7666205", "text": "resemble Sellers, and later Martin. Clouseau is an inept and incompetent police detective in the French Sûreté, whose investigations quickly turn to chaos. His absent-mindedness almost always leads to destruction of property: while interviewing witnesses in \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\", he falls down a set of stairs, gets his hand caught in a medieval knight's gauntlet, then a vase; knocks a witness senseless, destroys a priceless piano, and accidentally shoots a Scotland Yard superintendent. Despite his lack of judgement and skill, Clouseau always solves his cases and finds the correct culprits, entirely by accident. He is promoted to Chief", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "572952", "score": "1.7573202", "text": "a supporting role as Lytton's incompetent antagonist, and provides slapstick comic relief. In this film, Clouseau's wife Simone (Capucine), is secretly Sir Charles's lover and accomplice, and departs with him at the end of the film after they have framed Clouseau for the theft of the Pink Panther, although Lytton notes that he will clear Clouseau's name when the Phantom's next crime is committed. \"A Shot in the Dark\" (1964) was based upon a stage play that originally did not include the Clouseau character. In this film, Sellers began to develop the exaggerated French accent that later became a hallmark", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "572954", "score": "1.7523956", "text": "The film's title credits, animated by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, feature their Inspector character from the series of short cartoons under that name. The 1968 film does appear to have influenced the Clouseau character when Sellers returned to the role in 1975's \"The Return of the Pink Panther\", particularly in the character's mode of dress. According to DVD liner notes for \"Return of the Pink Panther\", Sellers and Edwards originally planned to produce a British television series centered on Clouseau, but this film was made instead. The opening credits were animated by Richard Williams, featuring Clouseau once again seeking to retrieve the", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "620667", "score": "1.752062", "text": "Edwards tried again to revive the series, this time by casting Roberto Benigni as Gendarme Jacques Gambrelli, Inspector Clouseau's illegitimate son by Maria Gambrelli, the murder suspect from \"A Shot in the Dark.\" Once again, many former Panther co-stars return – Herbert Lom, Burt Kwouk, and Graham Stark, and a star of the original 1963 film, Claudia Cardinale. Although intended to relaunch the series with a new lovable inept hero, \"Son\" failed critically and commercially and became the final installment in the original Pink Panther series. This reboot launches a new series starring Steve Martin as Inspector Clouseau and Kevin", "title": "The Pink Panther" }, { "id": "6208044", "score": "1.7513268", "text": "mole within Scotland Yard, the Prime Minister brings Clouseau in to solve the case. Clouseau foils two assassination attempts but is subsequently kidnapped. The gang uses him to make masks of his face which they later use to commit a series of daring bank robberies across Switzerland. Eventually, Clouseau foils the plot and unmasks the traitor within the Yard. In addition to the title role, Arkin also played the members of the gang whenever they were disguised as Clouseau, with the other actors' voices dubbed onto the soundtrack. Following the two successful previous Pink Panther films, Blake Edwards and Peter", "title": "Inspector Clouseau (film)" }, { "id": "4206948", "score": "1.7502823", "text": "in the fashion of Jack Lemmon's Professor Fate). When Sellers died, United Artists tried to get Dudley Moore to play Clouseau in the Sellers-penned \"Romance of the Pink Panther\". Moore wouldn't do it without Edwards and was only willing to play Clouseau once as a tribute to Sellers (knowing \"Romance\" was to have ended the series, according from a LA Times interview with Moore in 1980). United Artists wanted the series to continue, but Edwards wouldn't use another actor as Clouseau, no doubt remembering the negative reception that \"Inspector Clouseau\" suffered upon release in 1968 (a production which featured Alan", "title": "Trail of the Pink Panther" }, { "id": "572961", "score": "1.7491314", "text": "the following film has Clouseau randomly attacking his partner, Gilbert Ponton, only to be countered each time. This is similar to a gag in the original films with Clouseau's original sidekick Cato Fong, although this gag was reversed with Cato attacking Clouseau. When a series of rare and historical artifacts are stolen by the mysterious \"Il Tornado\", Clouseau is assigned to a \"dream team\" of international investigators to recover the artifacts and the Pink Panther. Despite appearing to be bumbling and clumsy as usual, Clouseau once again displays surprising cleverness through his unorthodox methods. For example, he replaces the Pink", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "3199742", "score": "1.7478638", "text": "the 1968 live-action film \"Inspector Clouseau\" (with Alan Arkin as Clouseau), the Inspector featured in the opening titles of later \"Pink Panther\" features beginning in the 1970s, changed dramatically to resemble Sellers, and then Steve Martin in the 2006 reboot of the series. The theme music heard during the titles of the cartoon was the instrumental \"A Shot in the Dark\" by Henry Mancini, from the 1964 feature film of the same name (the second entry in the \"Pink Panther\" film series). Additional music in the cartoons was composed initially by William Lava, then by Walter Greene. Two shorts had", "title": "The Inspector" }, { "id": "572959", "score": "1.7434661", "text": "which it is revealed that Clouseau had illegitimate children by Maria Gambrelli (played by Elke Sommer in \"A Shot in the Dark\", although recast in this film as Claudia Cardinale, who played the Princess in \"The Pink Panther\"). Clouseau's son, Jacques Jr., was portrayed by Roberto Benigni, and has a twin sister, Jacqueline, played by Nicoletta Braschi. Jacques Jr. attempts to follow in his father's police footsteps, but is revealed to have inherited his ineptitude. Herbert Lom and Burt Kwouk made their final appearances as Dreyfus and Cato in this film. Steve Martin's portrayal of Clouseau in the reboot 2006", "title": "Inspector Clouseau" }, { "id": "2870476", "score": "1.7399364", "text": "destroyed. Amid the chaos, the phone would ring and Cato would calmly answer it with \"Inspector/Chief Inspector Clouseau's residence\", before dutifully handing the phone to his employer and being thumped by Clouseau. He was a stalwart of several 1960s ITC television series, such as \"Danger Man\", \"The Saint\" and \"Man of the World\", when an oriental character was required. Kwouk featured as one of the leads in the short-lived series \"The Sentimental Agent\" (1963) and had minor roles in three James Bond films. In \"Goldfinger\" (1964) he played Mr. Ling, a Chinese expert in nuclear fission; in the non-Eon spoof", "title": "Burt Kwouk" } ]

[ "In the Blue Room in the White House", "in blue room in white house" ]

[ { "id": "2470873", "score": "2.3388975", "text": "In honor of Frances Cleveland, Cleveland Hall was constructed in 1911 on the Wells College campus. Originally a library, the building currently holds foreign language classes. Frances Folsom, who was 21 years old, married President Grover Cleveland, age 49, on June 2, 1886, at the White House. This was the only time a president married in the Executive Mansion, and Frances was the only First Lady to marry in the White House. Their age difference of 28 years is the second largest of any presidential marriage (behind that of President John Tyler, whose second wife, Julia Gardiner Tyler, was thirty", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "2470879", "score": "2.1718526", "text": "Cleveland, her first husband. Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "2470870", "score": "2.1529703", "text": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston Frances Clara Cleveland Preston (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was married to the President of the United States Grover Cleveland and was the First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. Becoming First Lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president. Frances Clara Folsom was born in Buffalo, New York, the daughter of Oscar Folsom, who was a lawyer and descendant of the earliest European settlers of Exeter, New Hampshire, and Emma Harmon. All of Frances Cleveland's ancestors were from England", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "158962", "score": "2.1460755", "text": "her mother's permission to correspond with her, and they were soon engaged to be married. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, and has been the only president married in the White House. This marriage was unusual, since Cleveland was the executor of Oscar Folsom's estate and had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death; nevertheless, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon", "title": "Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": "19767985", "score": "2.1302643", "text": "the White House as a bachelor, and his sister Rose Cleveland acted as hostess for the first two years of his administration. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom in the Blue Room at the White House. He was the second president to wed while in office, after John Tyler. Though Cleveland had supervised Frances's upbringing after her father's death, the public took no exception to the match. At 21 years, Frances Folsom Cleveland was the youngest First Lady in history, and the public soon warmed to her beauty and warm personality. Soon after taking office, Cleveland was faced", "title": "Presidencies of Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Frances Cleveland\n\nFrances Clara Cleveland Preston (née Folsom born as Frank Clara; July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was an American socialite, education activist, and the first lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889, and again from 1893 to 1897 as the wife of President Grover Cleveland. She remains the youngest presidential wife at the age of 21, she was the only first lady to be wed in the White House, and she is the only first lady to have served the role during two non-consecutive terms. She was very popular as first lady, becoming the subject of intense public and media attention.\n\nFolsom met Grover Cleveland while she was an infant, as he was a friend of her father's. When her father died in 1875, Grover became her unofficial guardian. She was educated at Wells College, and after graduating, she married Grover while he was the incumbent president. When Grover lost reelection in 1888, they went into private life for four years and began having children. They returned to the White House when Grover was elected again in 1892, though much of her time in the second term was dedicated to her children. Frances and Grover had five children, four of whom survived to adulthood. She involved herself in education, serving on the Wells College board and organizing the construction of kindergartens. Grover died in 1908, and Frances married Thomas J. Preston Jr. in 1913. Frances continued to work in education activism after leaving the White House, becoming involved with Princeton University. During World War I, Frances and Thomas advocated military preparedness and American involvement. She died in 1947 and was buried alongside Grover in Princeton Cemetery.", "title": "Frances Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Grover Cleveland\n\nStephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (followed by Woodrow Wilson in 1912) to be elected president during the era of Republican presidential domination dating from 1861 to 1933.\n\nIn 1881, Cleveland was elected mayor of Buffalo, and in 1882, he was elected governor of New York. He was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, free silver, inflation, imperialism, and subsidies to business, farmers, or veterans. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. He fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. As a reformer, Cleveland had such prestige that the like-minded Republicans, called \"Mugwumps\", largely bolted the Republican Party's presidential ticket and swung to his support in the 1884 election. As his second administration began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression. It ruined his Democratic Party, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party in 1896. The result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era.\n\nCleveland was a formidable policymaker, and he also drew corresponding criticism. His intervention in the Pullman Strike of 1894 to keep the railroads moving angered labor unions nationwide in addition to the party in Illinois; his support of the gold standard and opposition to free silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters—depressions and strikes—in his second term. By the end of his second term, public perception showed him to be one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, and he was by then rejected even by most Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, and has been praised for honesty, integrity, adherence to his morals, defying party boundaries, and effective leadership.", "title": "Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rose Cleveland\n\nRose Elizabeth \"Libby\" Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918) served as first lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first term of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachelor until he married Frances Folsom on June 2, 1886, fourteen months into his first term.", "title": "Rose Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Presidencies of Grover Cleveland\n\nGrover Cleveland was the president of the United States first from March 4, 1885, to March 4, 1889, and then from March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1897. The first Democrat elected after the Civil War, Cleveland is the only US president to leave office after one term and later return for a second term. His presidencies were the nation's 22nd and 24th. Cleveland defeated James G. Blaine of Maine in 1884, lost to Benjamin Harrison of Indiana in 1888, and then defeated President Harrison in 1892.\n\nCleveland won the 1884 election with the support of a reform-minded group of Republicans known as Mugwumps, and he expanded the number of government positions that were protected by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. He also vetoed several bills designed to provide pensions and other benefits to various regions and individuals. In response to anti-competitive practices by railroads, Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which established the first independent federal agency. During his first term, he unsuccessfully sought the repeal of the Bland–Allison Act and a lowering of the tariff. The Samoan crisis was the major foreign policy event of Cleveland's first term, and that crisis ended with a tripartite protectorate in the Samoan Islands.\n\nAs his second presidency began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression. Cleveland presided over the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, striking a blow against the Free Silver movement, and also lowered tariff rates by allowing the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act to become law. He also ordered federal soldiers to crush the Pullman Strike. In foreign policy, Cleveland resisted the annexation of Hawaii and an American intervention in Cuba. He also sought to uphold the Monroe Doctrine and forced Great Britain to agree to arbitrate a border dispute with Venezuela. In the midterm elections of 1894, Cleveland's Democratic Party suffered a massive defeat that opened the way for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party.\n\nThe 1896 Democratic National Convention repudiated Cleveland and nominated silverite William Jennings Bryan, but Bryan was defeated by Republican William McKinley in the 1896 presidential election. Cleveland left office extremely unpopular, but his reputation was eventually rehabilitated in the 1930s by scholars led by Allan Nevins. More recent historians and biographers have taken a more ambivalent view of Cleveland, but many note Cleveland's role in re-asserting the power of the presidency. In rankings of American presidents by historians and political scientists, Cleveland is generally ranked as an average or above-average president.", "title": "Presidencies of Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of children of presidents of the United States\n\nThe following people are children of U.S. presidents, including stepchildren and alleged illegitimate children. All full names with married names are given except for Theodore Roosevelt III and Herbert Charles Hoover. Currently there are 33 confirmed, known living presidential children, the oldest Lynda Bird Johnson Robb, the youngest Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, have become president in their own right.\n\nPresidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture. Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison.\n\nAs a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes; and the issue of their influence on society and politics.", "title": "List of children of presidents of the United States" }, { "id": "1172812", "score": "2.0173113", "text": "fixed for Grover. President Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom; he was the only President ever married in the White House. This historic event and the ensuing honeymoon took on news attention. The name change of Grover's county took on epic proportions shortly after this event. The town, White House and county historically affected each other in an unpredicted manner. In 1887, Cleaveland County held a referendum and vote to change its name to the more popular spelling of, \"Cleveland\". The latest, mistaken report of this (verified July 2008) with a letter delivered by the US Postal Service, from the White", "title": "Grover, North Carolina" }, { "id": "2470872", "score": "1.9963088", "text": "father, Oscar Folsom, died in a carriage accident on July 23, 1875, without having written a will, the court appointed Cleveland administrator of his estate. This brought Cleveland into still more contact with Frances, then age 11. She attended Central High School in Buffalo, and Medina High School in Medina, New York and went on to attend Wells College in Aurora, New York. Sometime while she was in college, Cleveland's feelings for her took a romantic turn. He proposed by letter in August 1885, soon after her graduation; however, their engagement was not announced until five days before their wedding.", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "2470874", "score": "1.9225746", "text": "years his junior when they wed in New York City in 1844). The ceremony, a small affair attended by relatives, close friends, and the cabinet and their wives, was performed at 7 p.m. in the Blue Room of the White House by the Reverend Byron Sutherland, assisted by the Reverend William Cleveland, the groom's brother. The words \"honor, love, and keep\" were substituted for \"honor, love and obey\". John Philip Sousa and the Marine Band provided the music. The couple spent a five-day honeymoon at Deer Park in the mountains of western Maryland. The new First Lady was the object", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "6712140", "score": "1.9121652", "text": "Rose Cleveland Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918), was acting First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachelor until he married Francis Folsom on June 2, 1886, fourteen months into his first term. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland was born in Fayetteville, New York, on June 14, 1846. Known to her family as \"Libby\", Rose was the youngest of nine children born to Richard Falley Cleveland and Ann Neal Cleveland. In September 1853, the family moved to Holland Patent, New", "title": "Rose Cleveland" }, { "id": "6712146", "score": "1.9014372", "text": "in pursuing scholarly endeavors than in entertaining cabinet wives and foreign dignitaries.\" Rose was an intellectual, and she preferred to lecture rather than entertain, but she made sure to perform her duties as First Lady as a favor to her brother. When President Cleveland married Frances Folsom, Rose left the White House and began a career in education. She became the principal of the Collegiate Institute of Lafayette, Indiana, a writer and lecturer, and the editor of the Chicago-based magazine \"Literary Life\". At age 44, she started a lesbian relationship with a wealthy widow, Evangeline Marrs Simpson, with explicitly erotic", "title": "Rose Cleveland" }, { "id": "2470871", "score": "1.8675233", "text": "and settled in what would become Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Hampshire, eventually migrating to western New York. She was their only child to survive infancy (a sister, Nellie Augusta, died before her first birthday). She originally had the first name Frank (named for an uncle), but later decided to adopt the feminine variant Frances. A longtime close friend of Oscar Folsom, Grover Cleveland, at age 27, met his future wife shortly after she was born. He took an avuncular interest in the child, buying her a baby carriage and otherwise doting on her as she grew up. When her", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "2470877", "score": "1.859604", "text": "at her alma mater, Wells College. She was the first presidential widow to remarry. She was vacationing at St. Moritz, Switzerland, with her daughters Marion and Esther and her son Francis when World War I erupted in August 1914. They returned to the United States via Genoa on October 1, 1914. Soon afterwards, she became a member of the pro-war National Security League, becoming its director of the Speaker's Bureau and the \"Committee on Patriotism through Education\" in November of 1918. Her \"proto-fascist\" inclinations alarmed many in the organization, and she was forced to resign on December 8, 1919. She", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "2470876", "score": "1.8454666", "text": "the end of her husband's first term, Cleveland is reported to have told the staff to take care of the building since the Clevelands would be returning in four years. She proved correct, becoming the only First Lady to preside at two non-consecutive administrations. Frances was the first First Lady to give birth to a child while her husband was President. The Clevelands had three daughters and two sons: After her husband's death in 1908, Cleveland remained in Princeton, New Jersey. On February 10, 1913, at the age of 48, she married Thomas J. Preston, Jr., a professor of archaeology", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" }, { "id": "9706417", "score": "1.835572", "text": "Esther Cleveland Esther Cleveland (September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980) was the second child of Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and his wife Frances Folsom Cleveland. She was born on September 9, 1893 in the White House. She was the only child of a President to be born there. In April, 1896, she contracted measles when it spread through the White House, leading to a quarantine. Five years later, she contracted diphtheria. She made her debut in 1912 and was rumored to be engaged to Randolph D. West shortly after (which was denied by", "title": "Esther Cleveland" }, { "id": "9829728", "score": "1.8339491", "text": "equal in beauty and breeding, and, frequently, superior in manner and intellect of daughters of better known and longer established families in eastern U.S. society. Prior to her marriage, her closest friend was Frances Folsom Cleveland, six years her senior and the wife of a much older President Grover Cleveland. The United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, Thomas F. Bayard, introduced Mary to London society in 1894. She met a young man, George Curzon, a Conservative Member of Parliament who was thirty-five years old, had been representing Southport for eight years, and was heir to the Barony", "title": "Mary Curzon, Baroness Curzon of Kedleston" }, { "id": "20969680", "score": "1.8196468", "text": "predeceased by his wife in 1992. Cleveland died on November 8, 1995 in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, at age 92. Francis Cleveland Francis Grover Cleveland (c. 1903 - November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom. Cleveland was born circa 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States; his mother, Frances Folsom, was First Lady. He had a brother, Richard, and", "title": "Francis Cleveland" }, { "id": "9706418", "score": "1.790659", "text": "her relatives). On March 14, 1918, at Westminster Abbey, she married Captain William Sidney Bence Bosanquet of the Coldstream Guards of the British Army. He was the son of Sir Frederick Albert Bosanquet, the Common Serjeant of London. Her husband (born 1893) died on 5 March 1966. Her daughter was the British philosopher Philippa Foot. Esther Cleveland Bosanquet died in Tamworth, New Hampshire in 1980 at age 86. Esther Cleveland Esther Cleveland (September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980) was the second child of Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and his wife Frances Folsom Cleveland.", "title": "Esther Cleveland" }, { "id": "1974123", "score": "1.7763052", "text": "population from 2.5 million to 56 million. The number of newspaper publications in active circulation had increased from 37 to more than 1,200 dailies, in addition to the many new monthly magazines. The rapid growth in journalism as a booming industry resulted in an increase in reporters covering the activities of the president. Grover Cleveland married 21-year-old Frances Folsom in 1886. The growing number of reporters and the increasing aggressiveness of their style of coverage led to frustrations when the President and his new bride were unable to rid themselves of reporters who followed them to their honeymoon in Deer", "title": "White House Press Secretary" }, { "id": "1171431", "score": "1.774066", "text": "Folsom was married to President Grover Cleveland, June 2, 1886 at the White House in Washington, D.C. The Town of Bennington has had several churches. The first Baptist Church in Bennington Center was erected in 1832, the second in 1857 and that was destroyed by fire in 1886. It was rebuilt in 1887. BY 1925, the membership had diminished to five. The church was sold to the Cowlesville Baptist Society. They dismantled it and rebuilt it as an addition to their church. The United Church of Christ in Bennington Center was dedicated in 1844. The Sacred Heart Catholic Church was", "title": "Bennington, New York" }, { "id": "2470875", "score": "1.7681274", "text": "of intense media interest. She took over the duties of being White House hostess, and her charm let her win popularity. She held two receptions a week—one on Saturday afternoons, when women with jobs were free to come. Cleveland's sister Rose Cleveland had been her bachelor brother's hostess in the first 15 months of his first term of office. After her brother's marriage, Rose happily gave up the duties of hostess for her own work in education. After Grover Cleveland was defeated in the 1888 presidential election, the Clevelands lived in New York City. Upon leaving the White House at", "title": "Frances Folsom Cleveland Preston" } ]

[ "Prime", "A000040", "Odd prime number", "Primes", "prime number", "Prime Number", "even primes", "primality of 1", "Prime number", "Euclidean prime number theorem", "prime numbers in nature", "1 no longer prime", "Prime numbers", "odd prime", "ℙ", "primalities", "Prime-Numbers", "Prime Numbers", "primes", "1 is not a prime number", "prime numbers", "table of primes list", "Primalities", "Primality", "odd prime number", "1 is not prime number", "euclidean prime number theorem", "uncompound number", "prime", "Prime-number", "Odd prime", "Prime numbers in nature", "infinity of primes", "primality", "Uncompound number", "Primality of 1", "a000040", "Table Of Primes List", "Even primes", "Infinity of primes", "PRIME" ]

[ { "id": "1360674", "score": "1.5065818", "text": "of a number is referred to as its sign. Every real number other than zero is either positive or negative. The positive whole numbers are referred to as natural numbers, while the positive and negative whole numbers (together with zero) are referred to as integers. In bookkeeping, amounts owed are often represented by red numbers, or a number in parentheses, as an alternative notation to represent negative numbers. Negative numbers appeared for the first time in history in the \"Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art\", which in its present form dates from the period of the Chinese Han Dynasty (202", "title": "Negative number" }, { "id": "2741336", "score": "1.4991587", "text": "the \"remainder\". See Euclidean division for a proof of this result and division algorithm for algorithms describing how to calculate the remainder. The remainder, as defined above, is called the \"least positive remainder\" or simply the \"remainder\". The integer \"a\" is either a multiple of \"d\" or lies in the interval between consecutive multiples of \"d\", namely, \"q⋅d\" and (\"q\" + 1)\"d\" (for positive \"q\"). At times it is convenient to carry out the division so that \"a\" is as close as possible to an integral multiple of \"d\", that is, we can write In this case, \"s\" is called", "title": "Remainder" }, { "id": "2741338", "score": "1.4817834", "text": "3 is the least positive remainder, while, and −2 is the least absolute remainder. In the division of 42 by 5 we have: and since 2 < 5/2, 2 is both the least positive remainder and the least absolute remainder. In these examples, the (negative) least absolute remainder is obtained from the least positive remainder by subtracting 5, which is \"d\". This holds in general. When dividing by \"d\", either both remainders are positive and therefore equal, or they have opposite signs. If the positive remainder is \"r\", and the negative one is \"r\", then When \"a\" and \"d\" are", "title": "Remainder" }, { "id": "286117", "score": "1.4793627", "text": "positive integer denominator. Negative denominators are allowed, but are commonly avoided, as every rational number is equal to a fraction with positive denominator. Fractions are written as two integers, the numerator and the denominator, with a dividing bar between them. The fraction represents \"m\" parts of a whole divided into \"n\" equal parts. Two different fractions may correspond to the same rational number; for example and are equal, that is: In general, If the absolute value of \"m\" is greater than \"n\" (supposed to be positive), then the absolute value of the fraction is greater than 1. Fractions can be", "title": "Number" }, { "id": "600118", "score": "1.470994", "text": "positive, although sometimes the term is restricted to positive divisors. For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned. 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Every integer is a divisor of 0. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd. 1, −1, \"n\" and −\"n\" are known as the trivial divisors of \"n\". A divisor of \"n\" that", "title": "Divisor" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Divisibility rule\n\nA divisibility rule is a shorthand and useful way of determining whether a given integer is divisible by a fixed divisor without performing the division, usually by examining its digits. Although there are divisibility tests for numbers in any radix, or base, and they are all different, this article presents rules and examples only for decimal, or base 10, numbers. Martin Gardner explained and popularized these rules in his September 1962 \"Mathematical Games\" column in \"Scientific American\".", "title": "Divisibility rule" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Integer\n\nAn integer is the number zero (), a positive natural number (, , , etc.) or a negative integer with a minus sign (−1, −2, −3, etc.). The negative numbers are the additive inverses of the corresponding positive numbers. In the language of mathematics, the set of integers is often denoted by the boldface or blackboard bold formula_1.\n\nThe set of natural numbers formula_2 is a subset of formula_1, which in turn is a subset of the set of all rational numbers formula_4, itself a subset of the real numbers formula_5. Like the natural numbers, formula_1 is countably infinite. An integer may be regarded as a real number that can be written without a fractional component. For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are integers, while 9.75, , and  are not.\n\nThe integers form the smallest group and the smallest ring containing the natural numbers. In algebraic number theory, the integers are sometimes qualified as rational integers to distinguish them from the more general algebraic integers. In fact, (rational) integers are algebraic integers that are also rational numbers.", "title": "Integer" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Exponentiation\n\nExponentiation is a mathematical operation, written as , involving two numbers, the \"base\" and the \"exponent\" or \"power\" , and pronounced as \" (raised) to the (power of) \". When is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, is the product of multiplying bases:<ref name=\":1\" />\nformula_1\n\nThe exponent is usually shown as a superscript to the right of the base. In that case, is called \"\"b\" raised to the \"n\"th power\", \"\"b\" (raised) to the power of \"n\"\", \"the \"n\"th power of \"b\"\", \"\"b\" to the \"n\"th power\", or most briefly as \"\"b\" to the \"n\"th\".\n\nStarting from the basic fact stated above that, for any positive integer formula_2, formula_3 is formula_2 occurrences of formula_5 all multiplied by each other, several other properties of exponentiation directly follow. In particular:\n\nformula_6\n\nIn other words, when multiplying a base raised to one exponent by the same base raised to another exponent, the exponents add. From this basic rule that exponents add, we can derive that formula_7 must be equal to 1, as follows. For any formula_2, formula_9. Dividing both sides by formula_3 gives formula_11.\n\nThe fact that formula_12 can similarly be derived from the same rule. For example, formula_13. Taking the cube root of both sides gives formula_12.\n\nThe rule that multiplying makes exponents add can also be used to derive the properties of negative integer exponents. Consider the question of what formula_15 should mean. In order to respect the \"exponents add\" rule, it must be the case that formula_16. Dividing both sides by formula_17 gives formula_18, which can be more simply written as formula_19, using the result from above that formula_12. By a similar argument, formula_21.\n\nThe properties of fractional exponents also follow from the same rule. For example, suppose we consider formula_22 and ask if there is some suitable exponent, which we may call formula_23, such that formula_24. From the definition of the square root, we have that formula_25. Therefore, the exponent formula_23 must be such that formula_27. Using the fact that multiplying makes exponents add gives formula_28. The formula_29 on the right-hand side can also be written as formula_30, giving formula_31. Equating the exponents on both sides, we have formula_32. Therefore, formula_33, so formula_34.\n\nThe definition of exponentiation can be extended to allow any real or complex exponent. Exponentiation by integer exponents can also be defined for a wide variety of algebraic structures, including matrices.\n\nExponentiation is used extensively in many fields, including economics, biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, with applications such as compound interest, population growth, chemical reaction kinetics, wave behavior, and public-key cryptography.", "title": "Exponentiation" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prime number\n\nA prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself.\nHowever, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.\n\nThe property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number formula_1, called trial division, tests whether formula_1 is a multiple of any integer between 2 and formula_3. Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical. Particularly fast methods are available for numbers of special forms, such as Mersenne numbers. the largest known prime number is a Mersenne prime with 24,862,048 decimal digits.<ref name=\"GIMPS-2018\" />\n\nThere are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. No known simple formula separates prime numbers from composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes within the natural numbers in the large can be statistically modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says that the probability of a randomly chosen large number being prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, that is, to its logarithm.\n\nSeveral historical questions regarding prime numbers are still unsolved. These include Goldbach's conjecture, that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes, and the twin prime conjecture, that there are infinitely many pairs of primes having just one even number between them. Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. In abstract algebra, objects that behave in a generalized way like prime numbers include prime elements and prime ideals.", "title": "Prime number" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Composite number\n\nA composite number is a positive integer that can be formed by multiplying two smaller positive integers. Equivalently, it is a positive integer that has at least one divisor other than 1 and itself. Every positive integer is composite, prime, or the unit 1, so the composite numbers are exactly the numbers that are not prime and not a unit.\n\nFor example, the integer 14 is a composite number because it is the product of the two smaller integers 2 × 7. Likewise, the integers 2 and 3 are not composite numbers because each of them can only be divided by one and itself.\n\nThe composite numbers up to 150 are:\n\nEvery composite number can be written as the product of two or more (not necessarily distinct) primes. For example, the composite number 299 can be written as 13 × 23, and the composite number 360 can be written as 2 × 3 × 5; furthermore, this representation is unique up to the order of the factors. This fact is called the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.\n\nThere are several known primality tests that can determine whether a number is prime or composite, without necessarily revealing the factorization of a composite input.", "title": "Composite number" }, { "id": "9280985", "score": "1.4690852", "text": "so that it can preserve the sign of a nonzero real number whose absolute value has been rounded down to zero. See also infinitesimal.) Division of any non-zero finite number by zero results in either positive or negative infinity. However, in IEEE arithmetic, division of zero by zero is still considered indeterminate. The reason for this is simple: A statement about the quotient of two numbers is understood in mathematics as another statement about multiplication. Specifically, if formula_4 this is understood as simply another way of saying that formula_5 Thus, if for some number formula_6 formula_7 then this is just", "title": "James A. D. W. Anderson" }, { "id": "600120", "score": "1.4680747", "text": "A positive divisor of formula_1 which is different from formula_1 is called a proper divisor or an aliquot part of formula_1. A number that does not evenly divide formula_1 but leaves a remainder is called an aliquant part of formula_1. An integer formula_63 whose only proper divisor is 1 is called a prime number. Equivalently, a prime number is a positive integer that has exactly two positive factors: 1 and itself. Any positive divisor of formula_1 is a product of prime divisors of formula_1 raised to some power. This is a consequence of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. A number", "title": "Divisor" }, { "id": "1360684", "score": "1.4558623", "text": "\"a\" as follows: The justification for why the product of two negative numbers is a positive number can be observed in the analysis of complex numbers. The sign rules for division are the same as for multiplication. For example, and If dividend and divisor have the same sign, the result is always positive. Another method of dividing negative numbers is that if one of the numbers being divided is a negative, the answer will be negative. The negative version of a positive number is referred to as its negation. For example, is the negation of the positive number . The", "title": "Negative number" }, { "id": "4873438", "score": "1.4485788", "text": "with positive common fractions, where the numerator and denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator indicates how many of those parts make up a unit or a whole. The denominator cannot be zero because zero parts can never make up a whole. For example, in the fraction 3/4, the numerator, 3, tells us that the fraction represents 3 equal parts, and the denominator, 4, tells us that 4 parts make up a whole. The picture to the right illustrates formula_2 or of a cake. A common fraction is a numeral which represents", "title": "Fraction (mathematics)" }, { "id": "4374215", "score": "1.445422", "text": "the other positive, and two possible choices for the quotient occur. Usually, in number theory, the positive remainder is always chosen, but programming languages choose depending on the language and the signs of or . Standard Pascal and ALGOL 68 give a positive remainder (or 0) even for negative divisors, and some programming languages, such as C90, leave it to the implementation when either of or is negative. See the table for details. modulo 0 is undefined in most systems, although some do define it as . As described by Leijen, However, Boute concentrates on the properties of the modulo", "title": "Modulo operation" }, { "id": "1692379", "score": "1.4424222", "text": "have an even number of positive divisors. An integer root is the only divisor that pairs up with itself to yield the square number, while other divisors come in pairs. Lagrange's four-square theorem states that any positive integer can be written as the sum of four or fewer perfect squares. Three squares are not sufficient for numbers of the form . A positive integer can be represented as a sum of two squares precisely if its prime factorization contains no odd powers of primes of the form . This is generalized by Waring's problem. In base 10, a square number", "title": "Square number" }, { "id": "3939439", "score": "1.4422807", "text": "formula_17 of upper-triangular matrices in formula_14. The positive roots are \"L\" − \"L\" for 1 ≤ \"i\" < \"j\" ≤ \"n\". A simple root means a positive root that is not a sum of two other positive roots. Write Δ for the set of simple roots. The number \"r\" of simple roots is equal to the rank of the commutator subgroup of \"G\", called the semisimple rank of \"G\" (which is simply the rank of \"G\" if \"G\" is semisimple). For example, the simple roots for \"GL\"(\"n\") (or \"SL\"(\"n\")) are \"L\" − \"L\" for 1 ≤ \"i\" ≤ \"n\" −", "title": "Reductive group" }, { "id": "1460152", "score": "1.4417679", "text": "gets rounded to 23, and −23.5 gets rounded to −23. This method treats positive and negative values symmetrically, and therefore is free of overall positive/negative bias if the original numbers are positive or negative with equal probability. It does, however, still have bias towards zero. The other tie-breaking method commonly taught and used is the round half away from zero (or round half towards infinity), namely: For example, 23.5 gets rounded to 24, and −23.5 gets rounded to −24. This can be more efficient on binary computers because only the first omitted bit needs to be considered to determine if", "title": "Rounding" }, { "id": "2023935", "score": "1.4411497", "text": "negative, of two negatives positive, and of positives positive; the product of zero and a negative, of zero and a positive, or of two zeros is zero. But his description of division by zero differs from our modern understanding: 18.34. A positive divided by a positive or a negative divided by a negative is positive; a zero divided by a zero is zero; a positive divided by a negative is negative; a negative divided by a positive is [also] negative. 18.35. A negative or a positive divided by zero has that [zero] as its divisor, or zero divided by a", "title": "Brahmagupta" }, { "id": "75180", "score": "1.4400102", "text": "can be seen by following a path like the one in the picture: The resulting mapping is like this: This mapping covers all such ordered pairs. If you treat each pair as being the numerator and denominator of a vulgar fraction, then for every positive fraction, we can come up with a distinct number corresponding to it. This representation includes also the natural numbers, since every natural number is also a fraction \"N\"/1. So we can conclude that there are exactly as many positive rational numbers as there are positive integers. This is true also for all rational numbers, as", "title": "Countable set" }, { "id": "4873440", "score": "1.4338297", "text": "to represent division is an example of the rule that division by zero is undefined. We can also write negative fractions, which represent the opposite of a positive fraction. For example if represents a half dollar profit, then − represents a half dollar loss. Because of the rules of division of signed numbers, which require that, for example, negative divided by positive is negative, −, , , and − all represent the same fraction, negative one-half. Because negative divided by negative is positive, represents positive one-half. In mathematics the set of all numbers that can be expressed in the form", "title": "Fraction (mathematics)" }, { "id": "2585478", "score": "1.433602", "text": "first item. Negative one has some similar but slightly different properties to positive one. Multiplying a number by −1 is equivalent to changing the sign on the number. This can be proved using the distributive law and the axiom that 1 is the multiplicative identity: for \"x\" real, we have where we used the fact that any real \"x\" times 0 equals 0, implied by cancellation from the equation In other words, so (−1) · \"x\", or −\"x\", is the arithmetic inverse of \"x\". The square of −1, i.e. −1 multiplied by −1, equals 1. As a consequence, a product", "title": "−1" }, { "id": "1360694", "score": "1.4296227", "text": "If we subtract a negative number from a higher negative number, the remainder is their negative difference. The difference remains positive if we subtract a negative number from a lower negative number. If we subtract a negative number from a positive number, the remainder is their positive sum. If we subtract a positive number from an empty power (\"martaba khāliyya\"), the remainder is the same negative, and if we subtract a negative number from an empty power, the remainder is the same positive number. In the 12th century in India, Bhāskara II gave negative roots for quadratic equations but rejected", "title": "Negative number" }, { "id": "1556883", "score": "1.429258", "text": "zero, gives zero?' The \"Brahmasphutasiddhanta\" of Brahmagupta (598–668) is the earliest known text to treat zero as a number in its own right and to define operations involving zero. The author could not explain division by zero in his texts: his definition can be easily proven to lead to algebraic absurdities. According to Brahmagupta, A positive or negative number when divided by zero is a fraction with the zero as denominator. Zero divided by a negative or positive number is either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the finite quantity as denominator. Zero divided", "title": "Division by zero" }, { "id": "286118", "score": "1.4284003", "text": "greater than, less than, or equal to 1 and can also be positive, negative, or 0. The set of all rational numbers includes the integers, since every integer can be written as a fraction with denominator 1. For example −7 can be written . The symbol for the rational numbers is Q (for \"quotient\"), also written formula_9. The symbol for the real numbers is R, also written as formula_10 They include all the measuring numbers. Every real number corresponds to a point on the number line. The following paragraph will focus primarily on positive real numbers. The treatment of negative", "title": "Number" } ]

[ "Gluten-free", "celiac diet", "gluten free", "gluten free food", "Gluten Free", "gluten free diet", "Gluten free diet", "Gluten-free food", "Gluten free", "gf diet", "Gluten-free diet", "Celiac diet", "GF diet" ]

[ { "id": "8043346", "score": "1.4015931", "text": "g occurs in loanwoards, usually preserving the original pronunciation. So in words of French origin like \"Orange\" (orange), \"logieren\" (to lodge) or \"Etage\" (floor), the \"g\" is pronounced as ; words taken from English like \"Gin\" or \"Gender\" use the -sound. However others, such as \"agieren\" (act, agitate), \"Generation\" (generation) or \"Gymnasium\" (academic high school), are pronounced with a hard g. Some pronunciations vary by region: The word \"Giraffe\" is pronounced with a soft G in Austria, but with a hard G in Germany. The \"g\" in \"Magnet\" is pronounced as a hard g, but the \"gn\" in \"Champagner\" is", "title": "Hard and soft G" }, { "id": "163297", "score": "1.3962805", "text": "research and journalism\". The creators of the format pronounced the word as \"jif\" with a soft \"G\" as in \"gin\". Steve Wilhite says that the intended pronunciation deliberately echoes the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say \"Choosy developers choose GIF\", spoofing this brand's television commercials. The word is now also widely pronounced with a hard \"G\" as in \"gift\". In 2017, an informal poll on programming website Stack Overflow showed some numerical preference for hard-\"G\" pronunciation, especially among respondents in eastern Europe, though both soft-\"G\" and enunciating each letter individually were found to be popular", "title": "GIF" }, { "id": "7426617", "score": "1.3904198", "text": "in “bough”, “night” or \"weigh\") or pronounced (as in “tough”, “enough“ or “laugh”). It is also occasionally pronounced , such as in Edinburgh. When ⟨gh⟩ occurs at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced hard (g) () as in “ghost” and “ghetto”, but also \"Afghanistan\". In a few words of Greek origin, digraph ⟨gm⟩ is pronounced , with the (g) being silent, such as in “phlegm”, “paradigm” and \"diaphragm\". The ⟨kn⟩ and ⟨gn⟩ letter combinations usually indicate a Germanic origin of the word. In Old English, ⟨k⟩ and ⟨g⟩ were not silent when preceding ⟨n⟩. Cognates in other Germanic", "title": "Silent k and g" }, { "id": "8043347", "score": "1.3887084", "text": "pronounced like the French \"gn\" in \"champagne\". The letter combination \"ng\" is usually merged to a velar nasal, and the g is not spoken in its own right; e.g., in the German word \"Finger\", it is not audible as in the English word \"finger\". However, when those letters are pronounced separately, as in compound words like \"Eingabe\" (input) or also in verbs like \"fingieren\" (to feign), both the \"n\" and the hard \"g\" is clearly audible. There are exceptions in loanwords like \"rangieren\" (to rank, to shunt), spoken with a velar nasal and a soft \"g\" (). Other languages typically", "title": "Hard and soft G" }, { "id": "8043343", "score": "1.3879232", "text": "given unusual soft spellings such as \"Genna\" and \"Gennifer\". A number of two-letter combinations or digraphs follow their own pronunciation patterns and, as such, may not follow the hard/soft distinction of . For example, often represents (as in \"ring\") or as in \"finger\". The letters , when final, represent , as in \"orange\"; when not final their pronunciation varies according to the word's etymology (e.g. in \"danger\", in \"anger\", in \"banger\"). In most cases, represents as in \"dagger\", but it may also represent as in \"suggest\" and \"exaggerate\". Other letter combinations that don't follow the paradigm include , , and", "title": "Hard and soft G" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Acronym\n\nAn acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in \"NATO\" (\"North Atlantic Treaty Organization\"), but sometimes use syllables, as in \"Benelux\" (short for \"Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg\"). They can also be a mixture, as in \"radar\" (\"Radio Detection And Ranging\").\n\nAcronyms can be pronounced as words, like \"NASA\" and \"UNESCO\"; as individual letters, like \"FBI\", \"TNT\", and \"ATM\"; or as both letters and words, like \"JPEG\" (pronounced \"\") and \"IUPAC\". Some are not universally pronounced one way or the other and it depends on the speaker's preference or the context in which it is being used, such as \"SQL\" (either \"sequel\" or \"ess-cue-el\").\n\nThe broader sense of \"acronym\"—the meaning of which includes terms pronounced as letters—is sometimes criticized, but it is the term's original meaning Dictionary and style-guide editors are not in universal agreement on the naming for such abbreviations, and it is a matter of some dispute whether the term \"acronym\" can be legitimately applied to abbreviations which are not pronounced \"as words\", nor do these language authorities agree on the correct use of spacing, casing, and punctuation.\n\nAbbreviations formed from a string of initials and usually pronounced as individual letters are sometimes more specifically called initialisms or alphabetisms; examples are \"FBI\" from \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\", and \"e.g.\" from Latin .", "title": "Acronym" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Boat Race 1874\n\nThe 31st Boat Race took place on the 28 March 1874. The Boat Race is an annual side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. In a race umpired by former Oxford rower Joseph William Chitty, Cambridge won by three and a half lengths in their fifth consecutive victory.", "title": "The Boat Race 1874" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Veganism\n\nVeganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal product—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. An individual who follows the diet or philosophy is known as a vegan. Distinctions may be made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans, also known as \"strict vegetarians\", refrain from consuming meat, eggs, dairy products, and any other animal-derived substances. An ethical vegan is someone who not only follows a plant-based diet but extends the philosophy into other areas of their lives, opposes the use of animals for any purpose, and tries to avoid any cruelty and exploitation of all animals including humans. Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.<ref name=environmental>\nMatthew Cole, \"Veganism\", in Margaret Puskar-Pasewicz (ed.), \"Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism\", ABC-Clio, 2010 (239–241), 241.</ref>\n\nWell-planned vegan diets are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life, including infancy and pregnancy, as said by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the British Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, the New Zealand Ministry of Health, and the Italian Society of Human Nutrition. The German Society for Nutritionwhich is a non-profit organisation and not an official health agencydoes not recommend vegan diets for children or adolescents, or during pregnancy and breastfeeding. There is inconsistent evidence for vegan diets providing a protective effect against metabolic syndrome; some evidence suggests that a vegan diet can help with weight loss, especially in the short term. Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fiber, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and phytochemicals, and lower in dietary energy, saturated fat, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and vitamin B. A poorly-planned vegan diet may lead to nutritional deficiencies that nullify any beneficial effects and may cause serious health issues, some of which can only be prevented with fortified foods or dietary supplements. Vitamin B supplementation is important because its deficiency can cause blood disorders and potentially irreversible neurological damage; this danger is also one of the most common in poorly-planned non-vegan diets.\n\nThe word \"vegan\" was coined by Donald Watson and his then-future wife Dorothy Morgan in 1944. Interest in veganism increased significantly in the 2010s.", "title": "Veganism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "SMART criteria\n\nS.M.A.R.T. is a mnemonic acronym, giving criteria to guide in the setting of goals and objectives that are assumed to give better results, for example in project management, employee-performance management and personal development. The term was first proposed by George T. Doran in the November 1981 issue of \"Management Review\". He suggested that goals should be SMART (specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related). \n\nSince then, other variations of the acronym have been used, a commonly used version includes the alternative words: attainable, relevant, and timely. Additional letters have been added by some authors.\n\nThose who support the use of SMART objectives suggest they provide a clear road map for both the person setting the goal and the person evaluating their progress (e.g. employee and employer, or athlete and coach). The person setting the goal is said to gain a clear understanding of what needs to be delivered and the person evaluating can then assess the outcome based on defined criteria. SMART criteria are commonly associated with Peter Drucker's management by objectives concept.\n\nOften, the term \"S.M.A.R.T. Goals\" and \"S.M.A.R.T. Objectives\" are used. Although the acronym SMART generally stays the same, objectives and goals can differ. Goals are the distinct purpose that is to be anticipated from the assignment or project, while objectives, on the other hand, are the determined steps that will direct full completion of the project goals.<ref name=\":0\" />", "title": "SMART criteria" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Simp\n\nSimp is an internet slang term describing someone who shows excessive sympathy and attention toward another person, typically someone who does not reciprocate the same feelings, in pursuit of affection or a sexual relationship.", "title": "Simp" }, { "id": "7426614", "score": "1.3803374", "text": "Silent k and g In English orthography, the letter ⟨k⟩ normally reflects the pronunciation of [] and the letter ⟨g⟩ normally is pronunced or \"hard\" , as in \"goose\", \"gargoyle\" and \"game\"; or \"soft\" , generally before or , as in \"giant\", \"ginger\" and \"geology\"; or in some words of French origin, such as \"rouge\", \"beige\" and \"genre\". However, silent ⟨k⟩ and ⟨g⟩ occur because of apheresis, the dropping of the initial sound of a word. The letter ⟨k⟩ is normally silent (i.e. it does not reflect any sound) when it precedes an ⟨n⟩ at the beginning of a word,", "title": "Silent k and g" }, { "id": "2972359", "score": "1.3462472", "text": "was a specific graphic shape from a particular font, whether the shape represented a single character or a set of characters. Thus, for example, the Hoefler Text font had glyphs to represent the letters \"f\" and \"l\". It also had another glyph to represent the \"ligature\" \"fl\", which could be automatically composed (instead of the individual glyphs) wherever the two abstract characters \"f\" and \"l\" occurred in sequence in the source text. This distinction was important in that such contextual substitutions occurred at rendering time, without any changes to the source character string. Thus they had no impact on editing", "title": "QuickDraw GX" }, { "id": "521923", "score": "1.3457153", "text": "\"exam\") and \"76\" when pronounced /kʃ/ or /gʒ/ (e.g. in \"action\" or \"luxury\"); \"z\" encodes \"10\" when pronounced /ts/ (e.g. in \"pizza\"). In \"ghost\" (\"701\", /g/-/s/-/t/) and \"enough\" (\"28\", /n/-/f/), \"gh\" is being encoded by different numerals. Usually, a rhotic accent is assumed, e.g. \"fear\" would encode \"84\" (/f/-/r/) rather than \"8\" (/f/). Often the mapping is compact. \"Hindquarters\", for example, translates unambiguously to \"2174140\" (/n/-/d/-/k/-/r/-/t/-/r/-/z/), which amounts to seven digits encoded by eight letters, and can be easily visualized. Each numeral maps to a set of similar sounds with similar mouth and tongue positions. For most people it would", "title": "Mnemonic major system" }, { "id": "5860551", "score": "1.3453727", "text": "Ǧ Ǧ/ǧ (G with caron, Unicode code points U+01E6 and U+01E7) is a letter used in several Latin orthographies. In transliteration of South Azeri, ǧ represents /ɣ/, the voiced velar fricative. In the Romany and Skolt Sami languages, it represents the palatalized \"g\" . It has also been used in Czech (and Slovak) orthographies until the middle of the 19th century to represent the consonant , whereas \"g\" stood for . In a romanization of Pashto, ǧ is used to represent (equivalent to غ). In the Berber Latin alphabet, ǧ is pronounced as an English J, like in \"Jimmy\". In", "title": "Ǧ" }, { "id": "7426619", "score": "1.344089", "text": "not any conjugations or derived verbs: Silent k and g In English orthography, the letter ⟨k⟩ normally reflects the pronunciation of [] and the letter ⟨g⟩ normally is pronunced or \"hard\" , as in \"goose\", \"gargoyle\" and \"game\"; or \"soft\" , generally before or , as in \"giant\", \"ginger\" and \"geology\"; or in some words of French origin, such as \"rouge\", \"beige\" and \"genre\". However, silent ⟨k⟩ and ⟨g⟩ occur because of apheresis, the dropping of the initial sound of a word. The letter ⟨k⟩ is normally silent (i.e. it does not reflect any sound) when it precedes an ⟨n⟩", "title": "Silent k and g" }, { "id": "1947249", "score": "1.3350823", "text": "Ğ Ğ (g with breve) is a Latin letter found in the Turkish and Azerbaijani alphabets, as well as the Latin alphabets of Laz, Crimean Tatar, and Tatar. It traditionally represented the voiced velar fricative or (in case of Tatar) the similar voiced uvular fricative in all those languages. However, in Turkish, the phoneme has in most cases been reduced to a silent letter, serving as a vowel-lengthener. In Turkish, the (sometimes represented with for convenience) is known as \"yumuşak ge\" (; 'soft g') and is the ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet. It always follows a vowel, and can", "title": "Ğ" }, { "id": "4021274", "score": "1.3332334", "text": "meant \"gͣ\" \"gna\", \"gͥ\" \"gni\" and \"gͦ\" \"gno\" respectively. Although in English, the \"g\" is silent in \"gn\", but in other languages, it is pronounced. Vowel letters above \"q\" meant \"qu\" + vowel: \"qͣ\", \"qͤ\", \"qͥ\", \"qͦ\", \"qͧ\". Vowels were the most common superscripts, but consonants could be placed above letters without ascenders; the most common were \"c\", e.g. \"nͨ\". A cut \"l\" above an \"n\", \"nᷝ\", meant \"nihil\" for instance. These marks are nonalphabetic letters carrying a particular meaning. Several of them continue in modern usage, as in the case of monetary symbols. In Unicode, they are referred to", "title": "Scribal abbreviation" }, { "id": "2430941", "score": "1.3271511", "text": "narrow height that must be crossed by the pointer. The steering law predicts that this movement will be slow, and any error in touching the boundaries of the parent menu entry will hide the submenu. Navigating a string of submenus propose a practical challenge known as hover tunnels. Some techniques proposed to alleviate these errors are keeping the submenu open while moving the pointer in diagonal, and using \"mega menus\" designed to enhance scannability and categorization of its contents. In computer menu functions or buttons, an appended ellipsis (\"…\") means that on selection another dialog will follow, where the user", "title": "Menu (computing)" }, { "id": "1891131", "score": "1.3245983", "text": "\"đ\" would. In Haida, a language isolate, the letter \"ĝ\" was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative In Aleut, an Eskimo-Aleut language, \"ĝ\" represents a voiced uvular fricative . The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂. In Dutch, the letter \"ĝ\" is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive , because \"g\" is pronounced as a fricative in Dutch. In some transcriptions of Sumerian, \"ĝ\" is used to represent the velar nasal . Ĝ Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate", "title": "Ĝ" }, { "id": "5445025", "score": "1.3244421", "text": "Ġ Ġ (minuscule: ġ) is a letter of the Latin script, formed from G with the addition of a dot above the letter. Ġ is used in some Arabic transliteration schemes, such as DIN 31635 and ISO 233, to represent the letter (ġain). Ġ in the Chechen Latin alphabet is an analog of Cyrillic гI. Ġ is used in some dialects of Inupiat to represent the voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. Ġ was formerly used in Irish to represent the lenited form of G. The digraph gh is now used. Ġ is the 7th letter of the Maltese alphabet, preceded by", "title": "Ġ" }, { "id": "1891130", "score": "1.3183746", "text": "Ĝ Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate or a voiced retroflex affricate . While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter \"g\", which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels \"i\" and \"e\" (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as \"ĝenerala\" from \"general\") than Slavic", "title": "Ĝ" }, { "id": "2741903", "score": "1.3181496", "text": "Ef (Cyrillic) Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: \"Ф ф\") is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative , like the pronunciation of in \"fill\". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as . The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with an eliminated letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918. The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is (\"fr̥tŭ\" or \"frĭtŭ\"), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became \"ферmъ\" (\"fert\"). In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500. The Slavic languages", "title": "Ef (Cyrillic)" }, { "id": "2529907", "score": "1.311116", "text": "starts with the letters \"CMD\". So to see all \"CHG\" commands the user would execute the command GO CMDCHG. For \"program\" commands the menu would be CMDPGM. There are other menus besides the Command Grouping Menus. The starting point for the menuing system can be accessed by pressing F4 on an empty command line. If one only knows part of a command or if third party software is being used where the commands don't conform to the AS/400 abbreviation standard then you would enter that part of the command that is known, attach an asterisk (to make it generic), and", "title": "IBM i Control Language" }, { "id": "8056939", "score": "1.3086417", "text": "When gh occurs at the beginning of a word in English, it is pronounced as in \"ghost\", \"ghastly\", \"ghoul\", \"ghetto\", \"ghee\" etc. In this context, it does not derive from a former . American Literary Braille has a dedicated cell pattern for the digraph (dots 126, ⠣). In Middle Dutch, was often used to represents (the voiced velar plosive) before , , and . The spelling of English word \"ghost\" with a (from Middle English \"gost\") was likely influenced by the Middle Dutch spelling \"gheest\" (Modern Dutch \"geest\"). In Italian and Romanian, represents (the voiced velar plosive) before and .", "title": "Gh (digraph)" }, { "id": "6696794", "score": "1.3072374", "text": "five years later he married Van Westenbrugge's daughter. In 1942 Ben and his brother Frank renamed the company Gordon Food Service. GFS has distribution centers located in Shepherdsville, Kentucky, Wyoming, Michigan, Brighton, Michigan, Douglasville, Georgia, Aberdeen, Maryland, Miami, Florida, Plant City, Florida, Houston, Texas, Dallas, Texas, Imperial, Pennsylvania, Kenosha, Wisconsin, Boston, Massachusetts and Kannapolis, North Carolina. In 1996, the company began a series of acquisitions in Canada, forming GFS Canada. It has facilities in Edmonton, Alberta, and Winnipeg, Manitoba GFS opened its first cash and carry in 1979. Originally, they were in industrial areas, a competitor to Jetro's Restaurant Depot", "title": "Gordon Food Service" } ]

[ "The New Main Street Singers", "mike lafontaine", "Mitch & Mickey", "mitch mickey", "Mighty wind", "new main street singers", "A Mighty Wind", "Mike LaFontaine", "mighty wind" ]

[ { "id": "5413768", "score": "1.8400881", "text": "Carnegie Hall in New York City and ended in Montreal in mid-July at the Just for Laughs festival. The opening act for some of these shows were The Folksmen, the folk trio seen in the film \"A Mighty Wind\", and also performed by Guest, McKean, and Shearer. In 2007, Tap reunited again, this time to help combat global warming. \"They're not that environmentally conscious, but they've heard of global warming,\" said Marty DeBergi (portrayed by Reiner). \"Nigel thought it was just because he was wearing too much clothing – that if he just took his jacket off it would be", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "5413762", "score": "1.8276255", "text": "on character names for the project, and further developed their Spinal Tap personas. (Respectively, Guest was guitarist \"Nigel Tufnel\"; McKean was vocalist \"David St. Hubbins\"; and Shearer was bassist \"Derek Smalls\".) Also added to the group was David Kaff (as keyboardist \"Viv Savage\") and R.J. Parnell (as drummer \"Mick Shrimpton\"). Parnell had previously been in the band Atomic Rooster, while Kaff had been a member of Rare Bird. The quintet played their own instruments throughout the film. Although the 1984 film portrays the band hailing from the United Kingdom, the three actors who play the principal band members - Guest,", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "5413783", "score": "1.8117516", "text": "the 1980s and beyond have even featured Guest, McKean, and Shearer opening for themselves as The Folksmen. The folk trio is also featured prominently in the 2003 Christopher Guest-directed \"mockumentary\" film \"A Mighty Wind\". This list contains both fictional former members of Spinal Tap and celebrities that have played with the band. Spinal Tap (band) Spinal Tap (stylized as Spın̈al Tap, with a dotless letter \"i\" and a metal umlaut over the \"n\") is a parody band spoofing the style of heavy metal groups. The band first appeared on a 1979 ABC TV sketch comedy pilot called \"The T.V. Show\",", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "5413782", "score": "1.80738", "text": "28, 2009, they were the musical guest on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". On August 25, 2009, Spinal Tap released a seven-minute short film titled \"\" celebrating their 25th anniversary. The video is distributed through INgrooves and is available only on iTunes. The short film depicts the founding members of Spinal Tap making a pilgrimage to Stonehenge for the first time. The same trio of actors (Guest, McKean and Shearer) also portray the fictitious American folk music revival band The Folksmen, who first appeared on November 3, 1984 episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". Some Spinal Tap concert appearances in", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "194296", "score": "1.7947297", "text": "wanted to do. It was eventually greenlighted by Norman Lear and Jerry Perenchio at Embassy Pictures. The film satirizes the wild personal behavior and musical pretensions of hard rock and heavy metal bands, as well as the hagiographic tendencies of rockumentaries of the time. The three core members of the band Spinal Tap—David St. Hubbins, Derek Smalls and Nigel Tufnel—were portrayed by McKean, Shearer and Guest respectively. The three actors play their musical instruments and speak with mock English accents throughout the film. There was no script, although there was a written breakdown of most of the scenes, and many", "title": "Harry Shearer" }, { "id": "5413760", "score": "1.7819788", "text": "from the same trio's fictitious folk music band The Folksmen. The band Spinal Tap first appeared in a video aired as part of a 1979 sketch comedy special called \"The TV Show\", a project spearheaded by Rob Reiner and Micheal McKean. The video was for the song \"Rock 'N' Roll Nightmare\", in a sequence that was intended as a spoof of \"The Midnight Special\". Participating in the video (and playing the music) were Michael McKean, Christopher Guest, Harry Shearer, Loudon Wainwright III, and Russ Kunkel; the segment was introduced by Reiner in character as Wolfman Jack. The Spinal Tap band", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "2737951", "score": "1.7620635", "text": "many of his company of actors from \"This Is Spinal Tap\", \"Waiting for Guffman\", and \"Best in Show\" for this film. They include Eugene Levy (who also co-wrote the screenplay), Catherine O'Hara, Michael McKean, Harry Shearer, Fred Willard, Bob Balaban, Ed Begley Jr., Jennifer Coolidge, John Michael Higgins, Jane Lynch and Parker Posey. The film is a mockumentary about a memorial concert for fictional folk music producer Irving Steinbloom. Upon his death, his children organize a concert, which they hope to feature his three most famous acts: The Folksmen, The New Main Street Singers, and Mitch & Mickey. The Folksmen", "title": "A Mighty Wind" }, { "id": "5541213", "score": "1.7512143", "text": "they performed (this time in full costume) as both Spinal Tap and the Folksmen. The fictional members of the Folksmen are: During televised appearances, Barrows/Guest has also been seeing playing the autoharp (on \"Barnyard Symphony\", as performed on \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1984) and penny whistle (on \"Corn Wine\", in a deleted scene from \"A Mighty Wind\"). The studio recording of \"Skeletons of Quinto\", included on the film's soundtrack CD, included guest appearances from prominent musicians David Nichtern (nylon string guitar) and Marston Smith (cello). Characteristically, there is some dispute regarding the origins of the Folksmen. It was once claimed", "title": "The Folksmen" }, { "id": "5413759", "score": "1.746067", "text": "portrayed by Michael McKean (as David St. Hubbins), Christopher Guest (as Nigel Tufnel) and Harry Shearer (as Derek Smalls). \"This Is Spinal Tap\" was accompanied by a soundtrack album of the same name. In the years following the film's release, the actors have portrayed the band members at concerts and released music under the Spinal Tap name. Guest, McKean, and Shearer toured in the United States in and performed as Spinal Tap in a \"One Night Only World Tour\" on June 30, 2009, at Wembley Arena in London, three days after playing the Glastonbury Festival. Support at Wembley Arena came", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "5541207", "score": "1.7170508", "text": "on the November 3, 1984, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". Guest and Shearer had both been regular cast members for some time, while McKean was appearing that night as a special guest. All three had previously worked together on comedy projects involving musical parody, including the \"Lenny and the Squigtones\" LP and a television pilot, \"The TV Show\", which marked the first appearance of Spinal Tap. The \"SNL\" sketch, entitled \"The Folksmen Reunion\", had a similar satirical intent, targeting the renewed interest in American folk music following then-recent reunions of such artists as Peter, Paul & Mary (1978), The Weavers", "title": "The Folksmen" }, { "id": "5413761", "score": "1.7107214", "text": "members were at this point unnamed. Also in 1979, Guest and McKean were members of Lenny and the Squigtones, a band that was fronted by characters from the hit television series \"Laverne and Shirley\". Guest, on guitar and clarinet, was credited as \"Nigel Tufnel\", the name he would eventually use as a member of Spinal Tap. The appearance on \"The TV Show\" eventually led to the creation of a film, tracing a disastrous tour undertaken by the aging British metal band Spinal Tap. Reiner hosted the film in the character of filmmaker \"Marty DiBergi\", while Guest, McKean and Shearer took", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "967438", "score": "1.6892312", "text": "This Is Spinal Tap This Is Spinal Tap (stylized as This Is Spın̈al Tap) is a 1984 American mockumentary directed and co-written by Rob Reiner. It stars Christopher Guest, Michael McKean, and Harry Shearer as members of the fictional British heavy metal band Spinal Tap, and Reiner as Marty Di Bergi, a documentary filmmaker following the band on their US tour. The film satirizes the behavior and musical pretensions of rock bands and the hagiographic tendencies of rock documentaries such as \"Gimme Shelter\" (1970), \"The Song Remains the Same\" (1976) and \"The Last Waltz\" (1978). Most of the dialogue was", "title": "This Is Spinal Tap" }, { "id": "194300", "score": "1.6735291", "text": "versions of songs featured in \"This Is Spinal Tap\" and its soundtrack, and five new songs. The band performed a one date \"world tour\" at London's Wembley Arena on June 30, 2009. The Folksmen, a mock band featured in the film \"A Mighty Wind\" that is also made up of characters played by Shearer, McKean and Guest – was the opening act for the show. Shearer is also known for his prolific work as a voice actor on \"The Simpsons\". Matt Groening, the creator of the show, was a fan of Shearer's work, while Shearer was a fan of a", "title": "Harry Shearer" }, { "id": "967474", "score": "1.6733011", "text": "band and the real life tale of the actors and others who created the characters and music. It was scripted by \"Rock ‘N’ Roll Comics\" co-creator Jay Allen Sanford. This Is Spinal Tap This Is Spinal Tap (stylized as This Is Spın̈al Tap) is a 1984 American mockumentary directed and co-written by Rob Reiner. It stars Christopher Guest, Michael McKean, and Harry Shearer as members of the fictional British heavy metal band Spinal Tap, and Reiner as Marty Di Bergi, a documentary filmmaker following the band on their US tour. The film satirizes the behavior and musical pretensions of rock", "title": "This Is Spinal Tap" }, { "id": "5413764", "score": "1.673164", "text": "circumstances: one in a \"bizarre gardening accident\"; another who \"choked on vomit\" (a reference to John Bonham's and Bon Scott's deaths) — but not his own vomit; and, two from \"spontaneous human combustion\" onstage. Additionally, it is claimed that police described one of the deaths as a mystery \"best left unsolved.\" The band Spinal Tap became a going concern, with the group (in character) playing gigs and appearing on a 1984 episode of \"Saturday Night Live\" to promote the film. The character of Mick Shrimpton having died in the film, R.J. Parnell played his \"twin brother\" drummer Ric Shrimpton for", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "967444", "score": "1.6710734", "text": "Christopher Guest met while in college in New York City in the late 1960s, and played music together. They worked with Harry Shearer and Rob Reiner on a TV pilot in 1978 for a sketch comedy show called The TV Show, which featured a parody rock band called Spinal Tap. During production of that sketch (while being burned with oil from on-stage effect) McKean and Guest began to improvise, inventing characters that became David St. Hubbins and Nigel Tufnel. Guest had previously played guitar under the name \"Nigel Tufnel\" on Michael McKean and David Lander's album \"Lenny and the Squigtones\".", "title": "This Is Spinal Tap" }, { "id": "967461", "score": "1.6664194", "text": "guitarists Mike McCready and Stone Gossard, and bassist Jeff Ament), the band has had five drummers. They describe this as \"very Spinal Tap of us\". In the documentary, a mock silent film called \"The Drummer Story\" is shown explaining what happened to their previous drummers. In it, one of them is almost eaten by a sea monster, only to be rescued by Eddie Vedder, playing a lifeguard. The Canadian heavy metal band Anvil, whose drummer is named Robb Reiner, have been called \"the real Spinal Tap\" based on the misadventures depicted in their documentary \"Anvil! The Story of Anvil\". In", "title": "This Is Spinal Tap" }, { "id": "5541208", "score": "1.6653337", "text": "(1980), and The Kingston Trio (1981). Introduced by Pamela Stephenson, the \"SNL\" sketch depicted the Folksmen as caricatures of semi-retired folk musicians: three conservatively dressed middle-aged men, spouting homilies and performing simplistic songs with cloying lyrics. In a 2009 interview, Shearer stated that the songs were intended to satirize \"the fake folk music being written in office buildings in Manhattan’s Upper West Side.\" Guest, McKean and Shearer made a cameo appearance as the Folksmen in the 1992 film \"The Return of Spinal Tap\", which documented the latter group's real-life reunion concert at Royal Albert Hall in London. When the trio", "title": "The Folksmen" }, { "id": "5413765", "score": "1.6635671", "text": "these and later appearances. Spinal Tap \"reunited\" in 1992 for \"Break Like the Wind\", an album produced in part by T‑Bone Burnett, an accomplished musician and record producer. The album was accompanied by a promotional audition for a new drummer attended by Stephen Perkins of Jane's Addiction, Gina Schock of The Go-Go's, and Mick Fleetwood of Fleetwood Mac, who auditioned in a fireproof suit. Despite the auditions, Parnell was retained as \"Ric Shrimpton\" and remained the band's drummer. Kaff did not return, and consequently the \"reunited\" band now consisted of Guest, McKean, Shearer and Parnell (all in character) and new", "title": "Spinal Tap (band)" }, { "id": "5541209", "score": "1.6608869", "text": "subsequently toured as Spinal Tap during 2001, they would occasionally perform in the guise of the Folksmen as an ostensible \"opening act\"; not all of the audiences appreciated (or even understood) this in-joke, with one appearance in New York City reportedly being booed by a restless audience. Of this twist, Shearer once stated: \"You can think you're in control of the amusing notion of the wrong act opening for a rock band—but when you actually find yourself being the wrong act, it doesn't feel any better.\" In a 2009 interview, Guest reflected further on the phenomenon: The line between fiction", "title": "The Folksmen" } ]

[ "genevan", "gɛnf", "UN/LOCODE:CHGVA", "geneva geneva", "Geneva Palexpo", "Geneva (Geneva)", "Gɛnf", "Genevese", "Genève", "Genf", "Geneve", "geneva ch ge", "Geneva, CH-GE", "génève", "geneva switzerland", "Pâquis", "City of Geneva", "Geneva (Switzerland)", "geneva ge", "genf", "un locode chgva", "Geneva, Switzerland", "Geneva", "geneve", "city of geneva", "genevese", "pâquis", "Genevan", "genève", "Geneva GE", "geneva", "Génève", "geneva palexpo" ]

[ { "id": "12947660", "score": "1.78573", "text": "John Calvin bibliography The French Reformer John Calvin (1509–1564) was a theological writer who produced many sermons, biblical commentaries, letters, theological treatises, and other works. Although nearly all of Calvin's adult life was spent in Geneva (1536–38 and 1541–64), his publications spread his ideas of a properly reformed church to many parts of Europe and from there to the rest of the world. It is especially on account of his voluminous publications that he exerts such a lasting influence over Christianity and Western history. Calvin's first published work was an edition of the Roman philosopher Seneca's \"De Clementia\", accompanied by", "title": "John Calvin bibliography" }, { "id": "12947672", "score": "1.7691354", "text": "Calvin's better known letters was his reply to Jacopo Sadoleto's \"Letter to the Genevans,\" and this \"Reformation Debate\" remains in print today. John Calvin bibliography The French Reformer John Calvin (1509–1564) was a theological writer who produced many sermons, biblical commentaries, letters, theological treatises, and other works. Although nearly all of Calvin's adult life was spent in Geneva (1536–38 and 1541–64), his publications spread his ideas of a properly reformed church to many parts of Europe and from there to the rest of the world. It is especially on account of his voluminous publications that he exerts such a lasting", "title": "John Calvin bibliography" }, { "id": "4226223", "score": "1.7399998", "text": "were maintained, at the expense of the church, and who for the period of four years were at liberty to prosecute their studies in any Protestant seminary. During this period he acted as tutor to the two sons of the chancellor of Navarre. They spent one year at Paris, and two at Geneva, whence they removed to Heidelberg. In this university, on 4 April 1608, he gave a public proof of his ability by maintaining a series of theses, \"De triplici Dei cum Homine Foedere\", which were printed among his works. The same year he was recalled to Bordeaux, where", "title": "John Cameron (theologian)" }, { "id": "209415", "score": "1.7222204", "text": "Church (USA). John Calvin John Calvin (; Calvin was a tireless polemic and apologetic writer who generated much controversy. He also exchanged cordial and supportive letters with many reformers, including Philipp Melanchthon and Heinrich Bullinger. In addition to his seminal \"Institutes of the Christian Religion\", Calvin wrote commentaries on most books of the Bible, confessional documents, and various other theological treatises. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions erupted in widespread deadly violence against Protestant Christians in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where in 1536 he published the", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209330", "score": "1.7168751", "text": "John Calvin John Calvin (; Calvin was a tireless polemic and apologetic writer who generated much controversy. He also exchanged cordial and supportive letters with many reformers, including Philipp Melanchthon and Heinrich Bullinger. In addition to his seminal \"Institutes of the Christian Religion\", Calvin wrote commentaries on most books of the Bible, confessional documents, and various other theological treatises. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions erupted in widespread deadly violence against Protestant Christians in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where in 1536 he published the first edition", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Usury\n\nUsury () is the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender. The term may be used in a moral sense—condemning taking advantage of others' misfortunes—or in a legal sense, where an interest rate is charged in excess of the maximum rate that is allowed by law. A loan may be considered usurious because of excessive or abusive interest rates or other factors defined by the laws of a state. Someone who practices usury can be called a \"usurer\", but in modern colloquial English may be called a \"loan shark\".\n\nIn many historical societies including ancient Christian, Jewish, and Islamic societies, usury meant the charging of interest of any kind, and was considered wrong, or was made illegal. During the Sutra period in India (7th to 2nd centuries BC) there were laws prohibiting the highest castes from practicing usury. Similar condemnations are found in religious texts from Buddhism, Judaism (\"ribbit\" in Hebrew), Christianity, and Islam (\"riba\" in Arabic). At times, many states from ancient Greece to ancient Rome have outlawed loans with any interest. Though the Roman Empire eventually allowed loans with carefully restricted interest rates, the Catholic Church in medieval Europe, as well as the Reformed Churches, regarded the charging of interest at any rate as sinful (as well as charging a fee for the use of money, such as at a bureau de change).<ref name=\"Cox1853\"/> Religious prohibitions on usury are predicated upon the belief that charging interest on a loan is a sin.", "title": "Usury" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Women in Church history\n\nWomen in Church history have played a variety of roles in the life of Christianity - notably as contemplatives, health care givers, educationalists and missionaries. Until recent times, women were generally excluded from episcopal and clerical positions within the certain Christian churches; however, great numbers of women have been influential in the life of the church, from contemporaries of Jesus to subsequent saints, theologians, doctors of the church, missionaries, abbesses, nuns, mystics, founders of religious institutes, military leaders, monarchs and martyrs.\n\nChristianity emerged from within surrounding patriarchal societies that placed men in positions of authority in marriage, society and government, and, whilst the religion restricted membership of the priesthood to males only, in its early centuries it offered women an enhanced social status and quickly found a wide following among women. With the exception of the Eastern Christian churches, in most denominations, women have been the majority of church attendees since early in the Christian era and into the present. Later, as religious sisters and nuns, women came to play an important role in Christianity through convents and abbeys and have continued through history to be active - particularly in the establishment of schools, hospitals, nursing homes and monastic settlements. Women constitute the great majority of members of the consecrated life within the Catholic Church, the largest of the Christian churches. In recent decades, ordination of women has become increasingly common in some Protestant churches. Laywomen have also been highly active in the wider life of churches, supporting the community work of parishes.\n\nWithin Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Lutheranism, particular place of veneration has been reserved for Mary, the Mother of Jesus, which has kept a model of maternal virtue central to their vision of Christianity. Marian devotion is however, generally not a feature of Reformed Christianity.", "title": "Women in Church history" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Abraham Lincoln - Wikiquote" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "The Vatican as a World Power - Wikisource, the free online library" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Language learning centre/Word list" }, { "id": "209340", "score": "1.7093338", "text": "of the university. On 1 November 1533 he devoted his inaugural address to the need for reform and renewal in the Roman Catholic Church. The address provoked a strong reaction from the faculty, who denounced it as heretical, forcing Cop to flee to Basel. Calvin, a close friend of Cop, was implicated in the offence, and for the next year he was forced into hiding. He remained on the move, sheltering with his friend Louis du Tillet in Angoulême and taking refuge in Noyon and Orléans. He was finally forced to flee France during the Affair of the Placards in", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209361", "score": "1.7090031", "text": "was preserved before 1549. In that year, professional scribe Denis Raguenier, who had learned or developed a system of shorthand, was assigned to record all of Calvin's sermons. An analysis of his sermons by T. H. L. Parker suggests that Calvin was a consistent preacher and his style changed very little over the years. John Calvin was also known for his thorough manner of working his way through the Bible in consecutive sermons. From March 1555 to July 1556, Calvin delivered two hundred sermons on Deuteronomy. Voltaire wrote about Calvin, Luther and Zwingli, \"If they condemned celibacy in the priests,", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209332", "score": "1.6978482", "text": "and liturgy, despite opposition from several powerful families in the city who tried to curb his authority. During this period, Michael Servetus, a Spaniard regarded by both Roman Catholics and Protestants as having a heretical view of the Trinity, arrived in Geneva. He was denounced by Calvin and burned at the stake for heresy by the city council. Following an influx of supportive refugees and new elections to the city council, Calvin's opponents were forced out. Calvin spent his final years promoting the Reformation both in Geneva and throughout Europe. John Calvin was born as Jehan Cauvin on 10 July", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209331", "score": "1.6948915", "text": "of the \"Institutes\". In that same year, Calvin was recruited by Frenchman William Farel to join the Reformation in Geneva, where he regularly preached sermons throughout the week; but the governing council of the city resisted the implementation of their ideas, and both men were expelled. At the invitation of Martin Bucer, Calvin proceeded to Strasbourg, where he became the minister of a church of French refugees. He continued to support the reform movement in Geneva, and in 1541 he was invited back to lead the church of the city. Following his return, Calvin introduced new forms of church government", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "7838239", "score": "1.6860018", "text": "Gérard Cauvin Gérard Calvin (died May 26, 1531) was the father of the Protestant Reformer John Calvin. Calvin lived in Noyon, France, located in the province of Picardy. A man of hard and severe character, he occupied a prominent position as apostolic secretary to Charles de Hangest, bishop of Noyon. He also served as proctor in the Chapter of the diocese and as fiscal procurator of the county. He lived on intimate terms with the best families of the neighborhood. His wife Jeanne Lefranc, the daughter of an innkeeper at Cambrai, was noted for her beauty and piety. She died", "title": "Gérard Cauvin" }, { "id": "12947671", "score": "1.6841614", "text": "from disputes about local theater to raising support for fledgling churches to choosing sides in a political alliance. They also reveal personal qualities that are not evident in his exegetical prose. One example came after the massacre of the Waldensians of Provence in 1545 where 3,600 were slaughtered. Calvin was so dismayed that in a space of twenty-one days he visited Berne, Aurich, Schaffhausen, Basle, and Strasbourg, before addressing the deputies of the Cantons at the Diet of Arau, pleading everywhere for an intercession on behalf of those who survived. He wrote of his grief to William Farel: One of", "title": "John Calvin bibliography" }, { "id": "209383", "score": "1.6837475", "text": "Hebrew in Cambridge. Neither was available, but he succeeded in obtaining Theodore Beza as rector. Within five years there were 1,200 students in the grammar school and 300 in the advanced school. The \"collège\" eventually became the Collège Calvin, one of the college preparatory schools of Geneva; the \"académie\" became the University of Geneva. Calvin was deeply committed to reforming his homeland, France. The Protestant movement had been energetic, but lacked central organizational direction. With financial support from the church in Geneva, Calvin turned his enormous energies toward uplifting the French Protestant cause. As one historian explains: In late 1558,", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "5529022", "score": "1.6765774", "text": "and voluminous writer, developed the doctrine of hypothetical or conditional universalism, for which his teacher, John Cameron (1580–1625), a Scot, and for two years Headmaster of Saumur Academy, had prepared the way. His object was not to set aside but to moderate Calvinism by ingrafting this doctrine upon the particularism of election, and thereby to fortify it against the objections of Roman Catholics, by whom the French Protestants, or Huguenots, were surrounded and threatened. Being employed by the Reformed Synod in important diplomatic negotiations with the government, he came in frequent contact with bishops, and with Cardinal Richelieu, who esteemed", "title": "Amyraldism" }, { "id": "13412987", "score": "1.674921", "text": "the Reformed church in Geneva, which became an \"unofficial capital\" of Reformed Christianity in the second half of the 16th century. He exerted a remarkable amount of authority in the city and over the city council, such that he has (rather ignominiously) been called a \"Protestant pope.\" Calvin established an eldership together with a consistory, where pastors and the elders established matters of religious discipline for the Genevan population. Calvin's theology is best known for his doctrine of (double) predestination, which held that God had, from all eternity, providentially foreordained who would be saved (the elect) and likewise who would", "title": "Christianity in the 16th century" }, { "id": "209345", "score": "1.672754", "text": "his new role without any preconditions on his tasks or duties. The office to which he was initially assigned is unknown. He was eventually given the title of \"reader\", which most likely meant that he could give expository lectures on the Bible. Sometime in 1537 he was selected to be a \"pastor\" although he never received any pastoral consecration. For the first time, the lawyer-theologian took up pastoral duties such as baptisms, weddings, and church services. During late 1536, Farel drafted a confession of faith, and Calvin wrote separate articles on reorganizing the church in Geneva. On 16 January 1537,", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209334", "score": "1.6665363", "text": "precocious. By age 12, he was employed by the bishop as a clerk and received the tonsure, cutting his hair to symbolise his dedication to the Church. He also won the patronage of an influential family, the Montmors. Through their assistance, Calvin was able to attend the Collège de la Marche, Paris, where he learned Latin from one of its greatest teachers, Mathurin Cordier. Once he completed the course, he entered the Collège de Montaigu as a philosophy student. In 1525 or 1526, Gérard withdrew his son from the Collège de Montaigu and enrolled him in the University of Orléans", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209367", "score": "1.6655424", "text": "a Genevan member of Favre's group, was arrested and incriminating evidence was found when his house was searched. Under torture, he confessed to several crimes including writing the letter left in the pulpit which threatened the church leaders. A civil court condemned Gruet to death and he was beheaded on 26 July. Calvin was not opposed to the civil court's decision. The libertines continued organizing opposition, insulting the appointed ministers, and challenging the authority of the Consistory. The council straddled both sides of the conflict, alternately admonishing and upholding Calvin. When Perrin was elected first syndic in February 1552, Calvin's", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "209342", "score": "1.6642206", "text": "serve as an elementary instruction book for anyone interested in the Christian faith. The book was the first expression of his theology. Calvin updated the work and published new editions throughout his life. Shortly after its publication, he left Basel for Ferrara, Italy, where he briefly served as secretary to Princess Renée of France. By June he was back in Paris with his brother Antoine, who was resolving their father's affairs. Following the Edict of Coucy, which gave a limited six-month period for heretics to reconcile with the Catholic faith, Calvin decided that there was no future for him in", "title": "John Calvin" }, { "id": "187890", "score": "1.6579509", "text": "elders established matters of religious discipline for the Genevan population. Calvin's theology is best known for his doctrine of (double) predestination, which held that God had, from all eternity, providentially foreordained who would be saved (the elect) and likewise who would be damned (the reprobate). Predestination was not the dominant idea in Calvin's works, but it would seemingly become so for many of his Reformed successors. Unlike other reform movements, the English Reformation began by royal influence. Henry VIII considered himself a thoroughly Catholic King, and in 1521 he defended the papacy against Luther in a book he commissioned entitled,", "title": "History of Christianity" }, { "id": "12947665", "score": "1.649446", "text": "his views on Christian theology in his \"magnum opus\", the \"Institutes of the Christian Religion\". The various editions of that work span nearly his entire career as a reformer, and the successive revisions of the book show that his theology changed very little from his youth to his death. The first edition from 1536 consisted of only six chapters. The second edition, published in 1539, was three times as long because he added chapters on subjects that appear in Melanchthon's \"Loci Communes\". In 1543, he again added new material and expanded a chapter on the Apostles' Creed. The final edition", "title": "John Calvin bibliography" } ]

[ "Auctions", "sealed bid", "Suggested Opening Bid", "suggested opening bid", "auction houses", "sealed bid auction", "General merchandise auction", "Dutch 20auction", "Prominent auction", "Auctioneer", "auction date", "first price auction", "Auction house", "Sealed first-price auction", "dutch 20auction", "Highest bidder", "auctioneer", "prominent auction", "sealed first price auction", "auctioneers", "auctioneering", "sealed bid auctions", "Mystery auction", "auction block", "auction process", "First-price sealed-bid auction", "Silent auction", "Sealed-bid auction", "Auction houses", "Auction date", "first price sealed bid auctions", "Auctioneers", "General Merchandise Auction", "Auction process", "Public sale", "First-price Auction", "Auction block", "Auction ring", "silent auction", "Auction", "highest bidder", "Auction Date", "auction house", "public sale", "general merchandise auction", "auction ring", "Sealed bid", "mystery auction", "auctions", "Sealed-bid auctions", "auction", "first price sealed bid auction", "First-price sealed-bid auctions", "Auctioneering" ]

[ { "id": "15380758", "score": "1.6717999", "text": "Albany, died in 1821; and Edward, the fourth, died a midshipman at Port Royal, Jamaica, 1821. James Christie (auctioneer) James Christie (1730–1803) was the founder of auction house Christie's. Born 1730 in Perth, Scotland, Christie went on to found Christie's auctioneers on 5 December 1766. Situated at Pall Mall in London, England Christie's Great Rooms dealt with some of the most important sales of the late-eighteenth century. His first sale took place on 5 December 1766, at rooms in Pall Mall, formerly occupied by the print warehouse of Richard Dalton. On these premises the exhibitions of the Royal Academy of", "title": "James Christie (auctioneer)" }, { "id": "18914608", "score": "1.6477747", "text": "By that time, William Duff Lawrie, John Mackillop Brown, and Arthur Joseph Sulley were its partners. Christie, Manson, and Wood (Christie's) auctioned off the defunct gallery's collection of art books. Lawrie, however, stayed in the art world loop: Carstairs, the new tenant of 15 Old Bond St., wrote to Lawrie in February 1906 about the possible sale of Joshua Reynolds' \"Lady Harcourt\", which he had owned jointly with Lawrie, to Frick. Lawrie & Co Lawrie & Co. (opened 1892, closed 1904) was an art dealership and gallery in London, England. Thomas Lawrie (sometimes spelled as \"Laurie\", not to be confused", "title": "Lawrie & Co" }, { "id": "12948944", "score": "1.6327827", "text": "Church, Nottingham. Alexander Manson Alexander Manson FRSE (1774 – 19 March 1840) was a Scottish physician based in Nottingham who pioneered the use of iodine in medicine. He was born in Kirkcudbright the son of William Manson and his wife, Ann McGowan. He was christened in Kells on 8 February 1775. He studied Medicine at Edinburgh University. Alexander Manson served in the Royal Navy from 1798 to 1810 HMS Phoenix, HMS Superb, HMS Sophie, HMS Amethyst and HMS Penelope and at the Invasion of Martinique (1809). He graduated as MD from University of Edinburgh in 1811. He was a physician", "title": "Alexander Manson" }, { "id": "16377992", "score": "1.6303902", "text": "did not exist in England at the time and Manson was encouraged by the college to create his own course on becoming a luthier. He built his first instrument in 1967. Manson started a workshop in 1969 in Sussex, UK. In the early 1980s, Manson was joined by his brother Hugh Manson, who focused on building electric guitars and basses. The two of them moved workshop to Devon, England in 1985. Andy Petherick and Simon Smidmore, former associates of Andy Manson's, went on to found Brook Guitars, where they produce some of his regular designs under licence. In 1974, Manson", "title": "Andy Manson (luthier)" }, { "id": "1369837", "score": "1.6207147", "text": "Christie's Christie's is a British auction house. It was founded in 1766 by James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's, in London and in the Rockefeller Center in New York City. The company is owned by Groupe Artémis, the holding company of François-Henri Pinault. Sales in 2015 totalled £4.8 billion (US$7.4 billion). In 2017 the \"Salvator Mundi\" was sold for $450.3 million at Christie's. At that time it was the highest price ever paid for a single painting at an auction. The official company literature states that founder James Christie conducted the first sale in London,", "title": "Christie's" }, { "id": "15380756", "score": "1.6175843", "text": "James Christie (auctioneer) James Christie (1730–1803) was the founder of auction house Christie's. Born 1730 in Perth, Scotland, Christie went on to found Christie's auctioneers on 5 December 1766. Situated at Pall Mall in London, England Christie's Great Rooms dealt with some of the most important sales of the late-eighteenth century. His first sale took place on 5 December 1766, at rooms in Pall Mall, formerly occupied by the print warehouse of Richard Dalton. On these premises the exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts were held until 1779. Christie afterwards moved next door to Gainsborough, who lived in the", "title": "James Christie (auctioneer)" }, { "id": "10624972", "score": "1.614512", "text": "business. In 1796 he traveled to Suriname on business and died there. Thomas Christie Thomas Christie (1761–1796) was a Scottish radical political writer during the late 18th century. He was one of the two original founders of the important liberal journal, the \"Analytical Review\". Christie was born to Alexander Christie (brother of the Unitarian writer William Christie), a merchant in Montrose, Scotland in 1761. Christie attended a local grammar school and subsequently became a clerk in a bank. Deciding that he was more interested in literature and science, Christie studied medicine independently and then matriculated at the Westminster General Dispensary", "title": "Thomas Christie" }, { "id": "15029794", "score": "1.5970669", "text": "included Seymour Dorothy Fleming (whose sister was the Countess of Harrington's daughter-in-law), met in a brothel owned by Sarah Pendergast. The Female Coterie The Female Coterie was the title given to a group of \"ladies of quality\" in 18th century London. Horace Walpole described their activities as meeting every morning \"either to play cards, chat or do whatever else they please\". Dinner and supper were provided, followed by loo. The founding members were Mrs Fitzroy, Lady Pembroke, Mrs Meynell, Lady Molyneux, Miss Pelham and Miss Lloyd. The society was founded in 1769 by William Almack, already proprietor of the clubs", "title": "The Female Coterie" }, { "id": "1369838", "score": "1.5882572", "text": "England, on 5 December 1766, and the earliest auction catalogue the company retains is from December 1766. However, other sources note that James Christie rented auction rooms from 1762, and newspaper advertisements for Christie's sales dating from 1759 have also been traced. Christie's was a public company, listed on the London Stock Exchange, from 1973 to 1999. In 1974, Jo Floyd was appointed chairman of Christie's. He served as chairman of Christie's International plc from 1976 to 1988, until handing over to Lord Carrington, and later was a non-executive director until 1992. Christie's International Inc. held its first sale in", "title": "Christie's" }, { "id": "12948941", "score": "1.5785472", "text": "Alexander Manson Alexander Manson FRSE (1774 – 19 March 1840) was a Scottish physician based in Nottingham who pioneered the use of iodine in medicine. He was born in Kirkcudbright the son of William Manson and his wife, Ann McGowan. He was christened in Kells on 8 February 1775. He studied Medicine at Edinburgh University. Alexander Manson served in the Royal Navy from 1798 to 1810 HMS Phoenix, HMS Superb, HMS Sophie, HMS Amethyst and HMS Penelope and at the Invasion of Martinique (1809). He graduated as MD from University of Edinburgh in 1811. He was a physician at Nottingham", "title": "Alexander Manson" }, { "id": "11320580", "score": "1.5725379", "text": "encouraged by Lilian Beatrice Laugher, a violinist who had studied with Joachim in Berlin and was staying in the household, which by that time was at 7 Ardbeg Road, Herne Hill, London. In 1903, Manson left the bank job, hanging his silk hat on a pole and encouraging his colleagues to aim stones at it. He married Laugher and they moved to the Latin Quarter in Paris, renting a room for £1 a month and economising in a shared studio with Charles Polowetski, Bernard Gussow and Jacob Epstein, who became a lifelong friend and with whom he studied at the", "title": "James Bolivar Manson" }, { "id": "11320585", "score": "1.5692422", "text": "was exempt from military service; in 1917, he was promoted to Assistant Keeper. In 1919, Lucien Pissarro formed the Monarro Group with Manson as the London Secretary and Théo van Rysselberghe as the Paris secretary, aiming to show artists inspired by Impressionist painters, Claude Monet and Camille Pissarro; the group ceased three years later. In 1923, at the Leicester Galleries, Manson held his first solo show of work. In 1927, he became a member of the NEAC. His reputation as an artist was primarily as a flower painter and art was his main ambition, but he was uncertain as to", "title": "James Bolivar Manson" }, { "id": "10624970", "score": "1.5525436", "text": "In 1788 Christie and Joseph Johnson founded the highly influential \"Analytical Review\", a periodical dedicated to open inquiry. It became the mouthpiece for reformers during the 1790s. A year later, he published the first part of \"Miscellanies, Philosophical, Medical, and Moral\", the work for he which is best known. It discusses topics ranging from theology to public education to history. During 1790 Christie spent six months in Paris, meeting many important French revolutionaries such as Mirabeau, Sieyès and Necker. Upon his return to Britain, he became a loyal supporter of the revolution and published \"A Sketch of the New Constitution", "title": "Thomas Christie" }, { "id": "11320598", "score": "1.5478008", "text": "held at Maltzahn Gallery, Cork Street, London. His work is in the Tate and many other galleries in Britain and abroad. A major retrospective of the Camden Town Group was held at Tate Britain in 2008, but omitted eight of the 17 members, including Duncan Grant, James Dickson Innes, Augustus John, Henry Lamb, Wyndham Lewis and Manson, who was, according to Wendy Baron, of \"too little individual character\". James Bolivar Manson James Bolivar Manson (26 June 1879 in London – 3 July 1945 in London) was an artist and worked at the Tate gallery for 25 years, being its Director", "title": "James Bolivar Manson" }, { "id": "10624968", "score": "1.5344439", "text": "Thomas Christie Thomas Christie (1761–1796) was a Scottish radical political writer during the late 18th century. He was one of the two original founders of the important liberal journal, the \"Analytical Review\". Christie was born to Alexander Christie (brother of the Unitarian writer William Christie), a merchant in Montrose, Scotland in 1761. Christie attended a local grammar school and subsequently became a clerk in a bank. Deciding that he was more interested in literature and science, Christie studied medicine independently and then matriculated at the Westminster General Dispensary in London in 1784. At the same time, he began writing a", "title": "Thomas Christie" }, { "id": "16966204", "score": "1.531438", "text": "in Edinburgh, and after Williamson produced hard evidence of the defendants' involvement, the Court reversed the Sheriff-Substitute's decision in December 1763. Williamson was awarded £200 damages plus 100 guineas legal costs. Williamson's new-found wealth enabled him to open a tavern in Parliament Close bearing a sign worded, \"Peter Williamson, Vintner From The Other World\", in allusion to his time in North America. A wooden figure of him in Delaware Indian costume stood at the head of the close to advertise its location. In 1769 Williamson opened a printing shop in the Luckenbooths between St Giles High Kirk and the north", "title": "Peter Williamson (memoirist)" }, { "id": "10796511", "score": "1.5277042", "text": "catalogue for the 1761 exhibition which featured a frontispiece designed by William Hogarth depicting Britannia watering three trees marked Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In 1765, the Society, then comprising 211 members, obtained a Royal Charter as the \"Incorporated Society of Artists of Great Britain\". Reynolds would later be a founder of the Royal Academy of Arts, after an unseemly leadership dispute between two leading architects, Sir William Chambers and James Paine had split the Society. Paine won, but Chambers used his strong connections with George III to create the new body – the Royal Academy of Arts was formally launched", "title": "Society of Artists of Great Britain" }, { "id": "15599654", "score": "1.5271336", "text": "did not suppose any Scottish minister would baptise his children. By Priestley's mediation, Caleb Rotheram of Kendal visited Montrose to perform the rite. About 1782 he, with a few friends of similar opinions, founded a Unitarian church at Montrose, of which he became the minister. This was the first Unitarian congregation established in Scotland. From December 1783 to May 1785 he had as his colleague Thomas Fyshe Palmer. He retired from business, and went to live in seclusion at Woodston, about six miles from Montrose. In 1794 he accepted the invitation of the Unitarian congregation at Glasgow to become their", "title": "William Christie (Unitarian)" }, { "id": "19889441", "score": "1.526407", "text": "Mather & Co. Mather & Co. were three brothers (or cousins) that began in commerce and contracting for the British Royal Navy. They became owners of whalers and between them at one or another time were owners or part-owners of up to 29 vessels that engaged in the British Southern Whale Fishery between 1775 and 1815. The brothers operated from premises at Orchard Place, Blackwall, London, 12 Birchin Liane, Cornhill, London, Mark Lane and Mincing Lane, Tower, Copthall buildings, Throgmorton Street, and Finsbury Square. The three Mathers were: James Mather (b.1738 - d. 1796): James Mather began in the 1770s", "title": "Mather & Co." }, { "id": "1941411", "score": "1.5251119", "text": "fabrick with a portico. We then went to view the English chapel, and found it a small church, clean to a degree unknown in any other part of Scotland, with commodious galleries, and what was yet less expected, with an organ.\"\". Alexander Christie (c. 1721-1794) was provost in the town during the 1760s and 1780s and oversaw the establishment of Scotland's first Lunatic Asylum in Montrose in 1781 which eventually became known as Sunnyside Royal Hospital. The Asylum, initially called Montrose Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary was founded by Susan Carnegie of Charleton to treat both paupers and private patients", "title": "Montrose, Angus" } ]

[ "crystal palace disambiguation", "crystal palace", "Crystal Palace", "crystal palace building", "Crystal Palace (building)", "Crystal Palace (disambiguation)", "Crystal palace" ]

[ { "id": "18988274", "score": "1.782552", "text": "were destroyed. Manor of Sydenham The Manor of Sydenham was a historic manor in Somerset, England, situated about 1/4 mile north-east of the centre of historic Bridgwater. Sydenham House, the manor house, a grade II listed building situated in the parish of Wembdon, was built in the early 16th century and refronted and rebuilt after 1613. In 1937 British Cellophane Ltd set up production and built extensive factories on 59 acres (240,000 m2) of land (\"Sydenham Manor Fields\") adjacent to the manor house. Production ceased in 2005 and between 2010 and 2015 the industrial site was razed to the ground.", "title": "Manor of Sydenham" }, { "id": "16910514", "score": "1.7514153", "text": "is a tiny lake, which, though very narrow, divides the lawn from end to end, and beyond the water the ground rises gradually. Sydenham House, Devon Sydenham House (anciently Sidelham, Sidraham, etc.) in the parish of Marystow in Devon, England, is a seventeenth-century manor house. The Grade I listed building is situated about thirteen miles south-west of Okehampton, on a estate. It was built by Sir Thomas Wise (d.1629) between 1600 and 1612, incorporating an older structure. It was partially destroyed by fire in 2012. The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.", "title": "Sydenham House, Devon" }, { "id": "16910504", "score": "1.7391325", "text": "Sydenham House, Devon Sydenham House (anciently Sidelham, Sidraham, etc.) in the parish of Marystow in Devon, England, is a seventeenth-century manor house. The Grade I listed building is situated about thirteen miles south-west of Okehampton, on a estate. It was built by Sir Thomas Wise (d.1629) between 1600 and 1612, incorporating an older structure. It was partially destroyed by fire in 2012. The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. According to the Domesday Book of 1086, immediately before the Norman Conquest of 1066 the manor of \"SIDREHA\" was held by the Saxon", "title": "Sydenham House, Devon" }, { "id": "18988270", "score": "1.66852", "text": "Manor of Sydenham The Manor of Sydenham was a historic manor in Somerset, England, situated about 1/4 mile north-east of the centre of historic Bridgwater. Sydenham House, the manor house, a grade II listed building situated in the parish of Wembdon, was built in the early 16th century and refronted and rebuilt after 1613. In 1937 British Cellophane Ltd set up production and built extensive factories on 59 acres (240,000 m2) of land (\"Sydenham Manor Fields\") adjacent to the manor house. Production ceased in 2005 and between 2010 and 2015 the industrial site was razed to the ground. In 2015", "title": "Manor of Sydenham" }, { "id": "6597836", "score": "1.6596645", "text": "Sydenham High School Sydenham High School is an independent school for 4- to 18-year-old girls located in London, England. Sydenham High School was founded by the Girls’ Public Day School Trust in 1887. Since then, the original school of 20 pupils has been transformed into a school of 600 girls. The school is separated into the senior and junior schools, each with a separate site located close to one another on Westwood Hill, Sydenham. In April 1934, the school moved to Horner Grange, a former house built for diamond magnate William Knight in 1884, where he lived until his death", "title": "Sydenham High School" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "History of Belgium" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of disasters in Australia by death toll\n\nThis is a list of disasters in Australia by death toll.", "title": "List of disasters in Australia by death toll" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Upper Norwood\n\nUpper Norwood is an area of south London, England, within the London Boroughs of Bromley, Croydon, Lambeth and Southwark. It is north of Croydon and the eastern part of it is better known as the Crystal Palace area.\n\nUpper Norwood is situated along the London clay ridge known as Beulah Hill. Most housing dates from the 19th and 20th centuries, with large detached properties along the ridge and smaller, semi-detached and terraced dwellings on the slopes. There are some more modern areas of social housing that date from the 1970s. The hill offers panoramic views northward to central London and southward to central Croydon and the North Downs.", "title": "Upper Norwood" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Recognized Content/DYK ..." }, { "id": "693261", "score": "1.6333433", "text": "and is now the Blake Museum. It was built in the late 15th or early 16th century, and has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II* listed building. His statue from 1898 by F. W. Pomeroy has been repositioned from the front of the Corn Exchange to face down Cornhill. The public library by E Godfrey Page dates from 1905. Sydenham House was previously a manor estate built in the early 16th century, which was refronted and rebuilt after 1613. Its owners were on the losing side in the Civil War and again in the Monmouth Rebellion. It", "title": "Bridgwater" }, { "id": "13943365", "score": "1.6323223", "text": "under an open field system until Sydenham's Inclosure Act was passed in 1823, leading to the enclosure award in 1826. By 1185–86 Sydenham was a chapelry of the prebendary parish of Thame. In the English Reformation in 1547 the Act for the Dissolution of Collegiate Churches and Chantries dissolved all prebendaries, and the tithes of Sydenham passed to the Wenman family. The earliest parts of the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary are Norman corbels in the walls of the chancel. However, in 1293 it was reported that the church was \"in ruins\" and a rebuilding had just", "title": "Sydenham, Oxfordshire" }, { "id": "13943371", "score": "1.6294765", "text": "frame. The walls of some of the timber-framed cottages have lath and plaster infill; others are filled with brick nogging. The village has also a number of 18th-century houses, built either wholly of brick or of brick and flint. In 1849 a National School was built in the village. The Wykeham-Musgrave family provided the land, Baroness Wenman paid for the building and it was thereafter known as the Wenman School. The school was enlarged in 1886 and reorganised as a junior and infants' school in 1929. Thereafter the number of pupils was small, and in 1948 the school was closed.", "title": "Sydenham, Oxfordshire" }, { "id": "13943369", "score": "1.6166735", "text": "still going as a Particular Baptist chapel. It was rebuilt as Ebenezer Chapel in 1881 and a Sunday school was added in 1883. It was still open in 1920 but had closed by 1932 and was sold in 1936. Its owner leased the chapel to a Methodist congregation from 1949 and sold it to them in 1957. In 1958 it was a member of the Thame and Watlington Methodist Circuit, but it has since closed and is now a private house. Sydenham had a Primitive Methodist chapel by 1866. It was still open in 1910, but no subsequent record of", "title": "Sydenham, Oxfordshire" }, { "id": "858302", "score": "1.6125665", "text": "It was rebuilt at the top of Penge Peak next to Sydenham Hill, an affluent suburb of large villas. It stood there for 82 years from 1854 until its destruction by fire in November 1936. The nearby residential area was renamed Crystal Palace after the landmark including the park that surrounds the site, home of the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre, which had previously been a football stadium that hosted the FA Cup Final between 1895 and 1914. Crystal Palace F.C. were founded at the site in 1905 and played at the Cup Final venue in their early years. The", "title": "The Crystal Palace" }, { "id": "19356085", "score": "1.611367", "text": "Sydenham was renamed Roxburgh Street in 1948. New Regent Street is named for London's Regent Street, itself that city's first planned street, and built between 1814 and 1825. The street was finished in late March 1932. One of its features was a lighting system consisting of 400 lamps, and when this was first switch on for a trial on 24 March, hundreds of citizens went for a walk down the long street. To make use of the lighting, the formal opening was held on the evening of 1 April 1932. The proceedings were chaired by Dan Sullivan, the Mayor of", "title": "New Regent Street" }, { "id": "932241", "score": "1.6020808", "text": "from London Bridge to West Croydon, opening in 1839. After the railway opened potential gas companies began to consider the Sydenham area with the Crystal Palace and District Gas Company having works at Bell Green, which continued production until 1969; a retail park now occupies most of the site. In 1851 the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park was housed in an immense glass building, called the Crystal Palace. In 1854 the building was bought by a private company, dismantled and re-erected in Sydenham Park (now called Crystal Palace Park). Exhibitions, concerts, conferences and sporting events were held at the Crystal", "title": "Sydenham" }, { "id": "6597757", "score": "1.6008489", "text": "Sydenham School Sydenham School (known as Sydenham Girls by locals) is a comprehensive girls' school located on \"Dartmouth Road\" (A2216) in Sydenham, London. The school was founded in 1917 as a girls' grammar school, known as Sydenham County Grammar School for Girls . London County Council commissioned Basil Spence & Partners, in the early 1950s, to design additional accommodation to allow the school to increase capacity from 600 to 1140 students and to merge with Shackleton School to become a comprehensive school. This took place in 1956 on completion of the new six-storey, E-shaped, classroom block, on which work had", "title": "Sydenham School" }, { "id": "15392021", "score": "1.5994008", "text": "designed in the Gothic Revival style in 1877 by the Melbourne architectural firm of Crouch and Wilson who had earlier designed the Durham Street Methodist Church. Construction was supervised by local architect Thomas Lambert and the building was officially opened in February 1878. With population in Sydenham declining due to industrialisation of the suburb during the 1960s, and with church attendance generally dropping, the church closed in 1971. The Seventh-day Adventist Church leased the building for a time, before it was sold to the Christian Congregational Church of Samoa. The Samoan congregation built a new church in Linwood in 1997", "title": "Sydenham Heritage Church" }, { "id": "15442922", "score": "1.5980787", "text": "the urban district council in 1964 stipulating that that would be the sole use. The council obliged and the Winston Churchill Hall was built in 1965. A smaller barn built in the 16th century, the Little Barn, was converted to a library and opened on 2 November 1937. The original cowbyre was destroyed by fire in 1979 and was rebuilt as an exhibition centre. An archaeological excavation was carried out by the Museum of London Archaeological Service in 1997 around the Farm House. This discovered the remains of the old priory were beneath the house, as this had been the", "title": "Manor Farm, Ruislip" }, { "id": "6535368", "score": "1.5969322", "text": "John Posthumous Sydenham's wife) completed in 1638. These two houses together with Long Ashton House were most probably designed and built by the same local family of architects and masons, working from drawings by Serlio's treatise on architecture published in five volumes in London in 1611. Whoever the architect was, the new south wing was intended to transform Brympton d'Evercy from a country manor to a grand house. Of ten bays, the two-storied building housed on its ground floor the finest and most lavishly decorated rooms of the house. Known as the state apartments, they follow an arrangement common in", "title": "Brympton d'Evercy" }, { "id": "16910511", "score": "1.595388", "text": "underwent repair after damage, caused, it is said, in the Civil War. In making alterations to the kitchen chimney in about 1888, a little hiding-place, or priest's room, was found opening out of it, and in it was an oak table and the remains of a chair; and since then large and small unsuspected rooms have been discovered, and it has been said that in the largest a troop of cavalry could lie hidden. A secret passage leading from the house towards the river was found, bearing out the legend \"that the Lady Wise of the day escaped with a", "title": "Sydenham House, Devon" }, { "id": "15392022", "score": "1.5949465", "text": "and a property developer applied for a demolition consent, which sparked a public outcry. The Samoan congregation sold the church to another developer in 1999, whose initial plans of conversion into apartments were changed in 2001 to a demolition consent. This was also withdrawn amidst community resentment. The building was purchased in 2001 by the newly formed Sydenham Heritage Trust with the help of a Christchurch City Council interest free loan. Restoration and earthquake strengthening was an ongoing activity of the trust. The building was damaged in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. It was subsequently demolished by a demolition company", "title": "Sydenham Heritage Church" }, { "id": "13943368", "score": "1.5886841", "text": "were moved some distance to the west. The two lancet windows west of the south porch were added during the restoration, and the 14th-century style west window of the nave was probably added at the same time. The church is a Grade II* listed building. Its parish is now part of a single benefice with the parishes of Aston Rowant, Chinnor and Crowell. There were nonconformist congregations in Sydenham by 1804. A Baptist chapel was built in 1825 and a rival second one in 1844. One of the Baptist chapels closed in about 1855, but by 1864 the other was", "title": "Sydenham, Oxfordshire" }, { "id": "1785585", "score": "1.5881088", "text": "After the dissolution of the monasteries it became a manor house owned by the Marshall and Sydenham families. Sir John Sydenham added a wing 1578 which was later demolished. By 1834 the house was largely ruined until its restoration around 1904, and a west wing was added in 1938. It is a Grade II* listed building. The parish council is responsible for some local issues, and sets an annual precept (local rate) to cover its council’s operating costs. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters", "title": "Street, Somerset" } ]

[ "Dylan Marlais Thomas", "dylan thomas", "dylan marlais thomas", "Colm Garan Thomas", "Dylan Tomas", "llewelyn thomas", "dillan thomas", "dillon thomas", "colm garan thomas", "Dillan Thomas", "Dylan Thomas", "Dillon Thomas", "dylan tomas", "Llewelyn Thomas" ]

[ { "id": "2082489", "score": "2.1082425", "text": "Under Milk Wood Under Milk Wood is a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, commissioned by the BBC and later adapted for the stage. A film version, \"Under Milk Wood\" directed by Andrew Sinclair, was released in 1972, and another adaptation of the play, directed by Pip Broughton, was staged for television for the 60 anniversary in 2014. An omniscient narrator invites the audience to listen to the dreams and innermost thoughts of the inhabitants of the fictional small Welsh fishing village, Llareggub. They include Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard, relentlessly nagging her two dead husbands; Captain Cat, reliving his seafaring", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "17473243", "score": "2.045632", "text": "cast. A studio recording, planned for 1954, was precluded by Thomas's death in November 1953. The BBC first broadcast \"Under Milk Wood,\" a new 'Play for Voices', on the \"Third Programme\" on 25 January 1954 (two months after Dylan's death), although several sections were omitted. The play was recorded with a distinguished, all-Welsh cast including Richard Burton as 'First Voice', with production by Douglas Cleverdon. The play won the Prix Italia award for radio drama that year. Cynan (Albert Evans-Jones) was influential in the field of Welsh drama. He wrote two full-length plays: \"Hywel Harris\" won the premier Eisteddfod prize", "title": "Theatre of Wales" }, { "id": "2082520", "score": "2.0377328", "text": "by Thomas's death in November 1953. The BBC first broadcast \"Under Milk Wood,\" a new \"'Play for Voices\", on the Third Programme on 25 January 1954 (two months after Thomas's death), although several sections were omitted. The play was recorded with a distinguished, all-Welsh cast including Richard Burton as 'First Voice', with production by Douglas Cleverdon. A repeat was broadcast two days later. Daniel Jones, the Welsh composer who was a lifelong friend of Thomas's (and his literary trustee), wrote the music; this was recorded separately, on 15 and 16 January, at Laugharne School. The first attempt to bring the", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "1286805", "score": "2.0152044", "text": "the Decay\" (1957), created a scandal with its Nietzschean themes, and the reactions made him abandon what would have been his second novel. At a local level Fred Hando (1888–1970) chronicled and illustrated the history, character and folklore of Monmouthshire (which he also called Gwent), in a series of over 800 articles and several books published between the 1920s and 1960s. \"Under Milk Wood\" is a 1954 radio drama by Dylan Thomas, adapted later as a stage play. The play had its first reading on stage on 14 May 1953, in New York, at The Poetry Center at 92nd Street", "title": "Welsh literature in English" }, { "id": "17473242", "score": "1.9647374", "text": "is a 1954 radio drama by Dylan Thomas, adapted later as a stage play. The play had its first reading on stage on 14 May 1953, in New York, at The Poetry Center at 92nd Street Y. Thomas himself read the parts of the First Voice and the Reverend Eli Jenkins. Almost as an afterthought, the performance was recorded on a single-microphone tape recording (the microphone was laid at front center on the stage floor) and later issued by the Caedmon company. It is the only known recorded performance of \"Under Milk Wood\" with Thomas as a part of the", "title": "Theatre of Wales" }, { "id": "2082505", "score": "1.9033031", "text": "He gave readings of the play in Porthcawl and Tenby, before travelling to London to catch his plane to New York for another tour, including two readings of \"Under Milk Wood\". He stayed with the comedian Harry Locke, and worked on the play, re-writing parts of the first half, and writing Eli Jenkins' sunset poem and Waldo's chimmney sweep song for the second half. On 15 October 1953, he delivered another draft of the play to the BBC, a draft that his producer, Douglas Cleverdon, described as being in \"an extremely disordered state...it was clearly not in its final form.\"", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "12164250", "score": "1.880547", "text": "the poetical voices of Under Milk Wood by fellow Welshman, Dylan Thomas. He is also in development with \"Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru\" for his inaugural full length historical drama based on the deep friendship between prize winning Poet Prosser Rhys and Morris T Williams, husband of Welsh novelist, Kate Roberts. In 2014, he completed a five-part comedy series for BBC Radio Cymru called \"Becca Bingo\". After his Youth Company parted in 1994, Griffiths was invited to co-write, produce and direct a musical for a Festival to celebrate the centenary of poet and Archdruid Cynan in Pwllheli, Wales. In collaboration with Musical", "title": "Paul Griffiths (director)" }, { "id": "114283", "score": "1.879442", "text": "Dylan Thomas Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems \"Do not go gentle into that good night\" and \"And death shall have no dominion\"; the 'play for voices' \"Under Milk Wood\"; and stories and radio broadcasts such as \"A Child's Christmas in Wales\" and \"Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog\". He became widely popular in his lifetime and remained so after his premature death at the age of 39 in New York City. By then he had acquired a reputation, which he had encouraged,", "title": "Dylan Thomas" }, { "id": "2082521", "score": "1.870727", "text": "play to the screen occurred in 1957 when the BBC broadcast a televised version narrated by Donald Houston. The play won the Prix Italia award for radio drama that year. In 1963, the original radio producer, Douglas Cleverdon, revisited the project and recorded the complete play, which was broadcast on 11 October 1963. In 1971 Under Milk Wood was performed at Brynmawr Comprehensive School. The production was entirely the work of pupils at the school - from set design, to lighting and direction. With very few exceptions, every character was acted by a different player to allow as many pupils", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "13236356", "score": "1.870656", "text": "Under Milk Wood (1972 film) Under Milk Wood is a 1972 British drama film directed by Andrew Sinclair and based on the 1954 radio play \"Under Milk Wood\" by the Welsh writer Dylan Thomas. It featured performances from many well-known actors as the residents of the fictional Welsh fishing village of Llareggub including Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, Siân Phillips, David Jason, Glynis Johns, Victor Spinetti, Ruth Madoc, Angharad Rees, Ann Beach, Vivien Merchant and Peter O'Toole. \"Under Milk Wood\" was Sinclair's first film and he was able to sign up Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor to the project with the", "title": "Under Milk Wood (1972 film)" }, { "id": "2082491", "score": "1.8616488", "text": "friend, Bert Trick about creating a play about a Welsh town: \"He read it to Nell and me in our bungalow at Caswell around the old Dover stove, with the paraffin lamps lit at night ... the story was then called Llareggub, which was a mythical village in South Wales, a typical village, with terraced houses with one ty bach to about five cottages and the various characters coming out and emptying the slops and exchanging greetings and so on; that was the germ of the idea which ... developed into Under Milk Wood.\" In 1938, Thomas suggested that a", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "4694489", "score": "1.8502779", "text": "Sinclair's adaptation of Dylan Thomas's \"Under Milk Wood\" (1972), with Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor and Peter O'Toole. Like Burton, Talfryn Thomas had been in the original radio play. He was also seen in \"Come Play with Me\" (1977) and the cult film, \"Sir Henry at Rawlinson End\" (1980) from Vivian Stanshall. Talfryn Thomas died of a sudden heart attack on 4 November 1982, just four days after his 60th birthday. He was survived by his wife, Barbara. Talfryn Thomas John Talfryn Thomas (31 October 1922 – 4 November 1982) was a British character actor, best known for supporting roles on", "title": "Talfryn Thomas" }, { "id": "1286799", "score": "1.8457384", "text": "selective – only the ancient custom of the Mari Lwyd and the legend of Taliesin\". Alun Lewis (1915–44), from Cwmaman near Aberdare, published both poetry and short fiction and might well have been a major figure in the decades after the war but for his early death. The careers of some 1930s writers continued after World War Two, including those of Gwyn Thomas, Vernon Watkins, and Dylan Thomas, whose most famous work \"Under Milk Wood\" was first broadcast in 1954. The critic, novelist, and poet Glyn Jones's (1905–1995) career also began in the 1930s, but he belongs more to the", "title": "Welsh literature in English" }, { "id": "2082501", "score": "1.8446736", "text": "May 1949: the organist, the two lovers who never met but wrote to each other, the baker with two wives, the blind narrator and the Voices. The first known sighting of a script for the play was its first half, titled \"The Town that was Mad\", which Thomas showed to the poet Allen Curnow in October 1949 at the Boat House. A draft first half of the play was delivered to the BBC in October 1950; it consisted of thirty-five handwritten pages containing most of the places, people and topography of Llareggub, and which ended with the line \"Organ Morgan's", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "114322", "score": "1.8416241", "text": "New York before the BBC could record \"Under Milk Wood\". Richard Burton starred in the first broadcast in 1954, and was joined by Elizabeth Taylor in a subsequent film. In 1954 the play won the Prix Italia for literary or dramatic programmes. Thomas's last collection \"Collected Poems, 1934–1952\", published when he was 38, won the Foyle poetry prize. Reviewing the volume, critic Philip Toynbee declared that \"Thomas is the greatest living poet in the English language\". Thomas's father died from pneumonia just before Christmas 1952. In the first few months of 1953 his sister died from liver cancer, one of", "title": "Dylan Thomas" }, { "id": "2082490", "score": "1.8385565", "text": "times; the two Mrs. Dai Breads; Organ Morgan, obsessed with his music; and Polly Garter, pining for her dead lover. Later, the town awakens and, aware now of how their feelings affect whatever they do, we watch them go about their daily business. In 1931, the 17-year-old Thomas created a piece for the Swansea Grammar School magazine which included a conversation of \"Milk Wood\" stylings, with Mussolini, Wife, Mr. Pritchard and Mr. Ogmore. Some of its lines are similar to those that would later be found in \"Under Milk Wood\". In 1933, Thomas talked at length with his mentor and", "title": "Under Milk Wood" }, { "id": "10865097", "score": "1.8366299", "text": "her life after she was diagnosed with a brain tumour. A second volume of poetry, \"A Candle Ahead\" (1956), won a prize from the Welsh committee of the Arts Council a few weeks before she died on 17 March 1958 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Interest in Margiad Evans' work has revived, especially in Wales. There were new editions of \"The Old and the Young\" in 1998, of \"Country Dance\" and \"The Wooden Doctor\" in 2005, and of \"Turf or Stone\" in 2010. A centenary conference took place in Aberystwyth in 2009. Margiad Evans Margiad Evans was the pseudonym of Peggy", "title": "Margiad Evans" }, { "id": "13236359", "score": "1.8359385", "text": "exercise\". In \"The Guardian\", Derek Malcolm wrote: The film was not a box office success and the main stars wrote it off as a tax loss. In December 2012 the director of the film, Andrew Sinclair, gave its rights to the people of Wales. In 2014 the film was digitally remastered and re-released to celebrate the centenary of Thomas's birth. Under Milk Wood (1972 film) Under Milk Wood is a 1972 British drama film directed by Andrew Sinclair and based on the 1954 radio play \"Under Milk Wood\" by the Welsh writer Dylan Thomas. It featured performances from many well-known", "title": "Under Milk Wood (1972 film)" }, { "id": "19077009", "score": "1.8337891", "text": "Under Milk Wood (2015 film) Under Milk Wood (Welsh version: Dan y Wenallt) is a 2015 Welsh drama film based on Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas. It is adapted and directed by Kevin Allen. The narrator is Rhys Ifans. The film was selected as the British entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but not nominated. The 2015 production of \"Under Milk Wood\" (starring Rhys Ifans and Charlotte Church) was the first film adaptation of the play since the 1972 film (which starred Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton). The new version was filmed largely", "title": "Under Milk Wood (2015 film)" }, { "id": "2082531", "score": "1.8310549", "text": "2012; and in London's West End Arts Theatre. In 2014 Pip Broughton directed an adaptation of the play for the BBC, starring Michael Sheen, Tom Jones, and Jonathan Pryce. In October 2014, the BBC launched an interactive ebook entitled Dylan Thomas: The Road To Milk Wood, written by Jon Tregenna and Robin Moore. It deals with the journey from Swansea via the BBC to New York City and beyond. Under Milk Wood Under Milk Wood is a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, commissioned by the BBC and later adapted for the stage. A film version, \"Under Milk", "title": "Under Milk Wood" } ]

[ "Albert Einstein's", "einstein albert", "Einstien, Albert", "einsetein", "A Tribute to Einstein", "Alber Enstien", "Albert Enstien", "einstein", "einstien albert", "A. Einstein", "Einstein", "Alber Einstein", "alber enstien", "Albert Eienstein", "albert einstein", "tribute to einstein", "einstein physicist", "Albert einstein", "albert enstein", "albert eienstein", "alber einstein", "albert enstien", "Albert Enstein", "einstien", "Albert Einstien", "Einstein, Albert", "albert einstein s", "Einstein (physicist)", "Al Einstein", "Einsetein", "Einsteinian", "albert einstin", "Albert Einstin", "einsteinian", "Albert Einstein", "al einstein", "Einstien", "albert einstien" ]

[ { "id": "18476208", "score": "2.1797466", "text": "Arthur Sasse Arthur Sasse was an American UPI photographer. In 1948, his pictures were exhibited at a show at the Bronx Zoo. He is best known for his photo of Einstein sticking his tongue out. The photo was taken on 14 March 1951, after Einstein's 72nd birthday celebration at The Princeton Club. He made the iconic shot, but the other photographers surrounding the car missed it. The appropriateness of the photo was heavily debated by Sasse’s editors before being published on International News Photos Network. It became one of the most popular photos ever taken of Einstein, who himself requested", "title": "Arthur Sasse" }, { "id": "10599170", "score": "1.8283256", "text": "Albert Einstein in popular culture Albert Einstein has been the subject of, or inspiration for, many works of popular culture. On Einstein's 72nd birthday on March 14, 1951, United Press photographer Arthur Sasse was trying to persuade him to smile for the camera, but having smiled for photographers many times that day, Einstein stuck out his tongue instead. This photograph became one of the most popular ever taken of Einstein, often used in merchandise depicting him in a lighthearted sense. Einstein enjoyed this photo and requested UPI to give him nine copies for personal use, one of which he signed", "title": "Albert Einstein in popular culture" }, { "id": "18476209", "score": "1.7658916", "text": "nine prints for his personal use. The picture showed a \"nutty professor\" and playful side of Einstein rather than the serious one that many assumed about the man. The picture became so popular that it was widely reproduced on posters and stickers. The original picture was auctioned off for $72,300, making it the most expensive Einstein photograph ever sold. Arthur Sasse Arthur Sasse was an American UPI photographer. In 1948, his pictures were exhibited at a show at the Bronx Zoo. He is best known for his photo of Einstein sticking his tongue out. The photo was taken on 14", "title": "Arthur Sasse" }, { "id": "2366247", "score": "1.6559452", "text": "at midnight at his beloved Menemsha Inn cottage known as the \"Pilot House\" at age 96 in the company of his sister-in-law, Lucille Kaye (LuLu), and friend, William E. Marks. Eisenstaedt's most famous photograph is of an American sailor grabbing and kissing a stranger—a young woman—on August 14, 1945 in Times Square. He took this photograph using a Leica IIIa. (The photograph is known under various names: \"V-J Day in Times Square, V-Day,\" and others.) Because Eisenstaedt was photographing rapidly changing events during the V-J Day celebrations, he stated that he did not get a chance to obtain names and", "title": "Alfred Eisenstaedt" }, { "id": "20851552", "score": "1.5923452", "text": "appeared in magazines including \"Collier’s\" and \"Esquire\" He was a keen traveler and freelanced as a member of the Black Star photo agency. \"Life\" magazine of May 1953 included his imagery of sufferers of yaws in an essay ’Dreadful diseases: some progress is made in healing Africa’s sick’. His photograph of an amputee youth with a crutch playing football on a beach in Morocco was chosen in 1955 by Edward Steichen for the world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man, seen by 9 million visitors. He contributed photographs to books including \"The World Children Live In\" (1957),", "title": "Charles Trieschmann" }, { "id": "5510912", "score": "1.5900073", "text": "columnist William Safire so vividly that he cited it when writing about the meaning of the word 36 years later. Jacobi also made two dozen feature films. His film debut was in the 1953 British comedy, \"Is Your Honeymoon Really Necessary?\" with the country’s blond sex symbol of the day, Diana Dors. Other notable films in which he appeared include, \"Irma La Douce\", \"Penelope\", \"Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)\" (1972) as Sam Musgrave, a middle-aged married man experimenting with women's clothes, \"Arthur\" (1981) as the lucky florist, \"My Favorite Year\" (1982) as", "title": "Lou Jacobi" }, { "id": "17501969", "score": "1.5848302", "text": "nominated for an IFTA award for \"Best Documentary Single in 2015.\" A book of Arthur Fields' photographs edited by Ciaran Deeney and David Clarke was published by Colins Press. Arthur Fields (photographer) Arthur Fields (born Abraham Feldman; 1901–1994) was an Irish street photographer, who took more than 180,000 photographs of pedestrians on the south end of Dublin's O'Connell Bridge for more than 50 years. Fields was born into a Ukrainian Jewish family who fled antisemitism in Kiev in 1885, and later settled in Dublin. Fields originally ran a sound studio where people could make a recording of their own voice,", "title": "Arthur Fields (photographer)" }, { "id": "17756860", "score": "1.5616525", "text": "Henri Cartier-Bresson, Édouard Boubat, Saul Leiter. His portrait of Aguigui Mouna sticking his tongue out like Albert Einstein, published in postcard form in 1988, and subsequently as an illustration, in a book by Anne Gallois served as a blueprint for a stencil work by the artist Jef Aérosol in 2006 subsequently reproduced in the book \"VIP\". His photographs were exhibited at the Photo4 gallery in Paris in April 2008, and again in January 2010 together with photographs by Ralph Gibson. In September 2012, the Dupif gallery in Paris held an exclusive exhibition of his work to mark the publication of", "title": "Olivier Meyer" }, { "id": "1391394", "score": "1.5587988", "text": "his father to sell Woodmen of the World Insurance; however, in March he was struck by severe laryngitis that resulted in a complete loss of speech. Unable to work, he lived at home with his parents for almost a year. He then decided to take up the trade of photography, an occupation that would exert less strain on his voice. He began an apprenticeship at the photography studio of W. R. Bowles in Hopkinsville, and eventually became quite talented in his trade. In 1901, a traveling stage hypnotist and entertainer named Hart, who referred to himself as \"The Laugh Man\",", "title": "Edgar Cayce" }, { "id": "14660089", "score": "1.5504162", "text": "as a birthday present in 1931, when he was 18 years of age. Hoffman used the camera to snap photos of friends skinny dipping, but was told by the local shopkeeper that they would not develop the film into prints. He decided to take matters into his own hands and purchased a kit to develop the pictures himself. This incident would chart the course of his entire adult life. In 1935, he accepted a job as staff photographer for \"Life\", the first of the original four members of that department, as Henry Luce revamped the publication into an all-photographic American", "title": "Bernard Hoffman" }, { "id": "14687784", "score": "1.5446373", "text": "for UPI, described Hudson as \"probably the most feared photographer that I had to work against because he was very, very good\". He took a photo on May 3, 1963, of Walter Gadsden, an African-American bystander who had been grabbed by a sunglasses-wearing police officer, while a German Shepherd lunged at his chest. The photo appeared above the fold, covering three columns in the next day's issue of \"The New York Times\", as well as in other newspapers nationwide. Author Diane McWhorter wrote in her Pulitzer Prize-winning 2001 book \"\" that Hudson's photo that day drove \"international opinion to the", "title": "Bill Hudson (photographer)" }, { "id": "3601976", "score": "1.5418391", "text": "farmer in New Jersey.\" He turned out to be \"a beautiful, cultured, multilingual man\" who looked like a graceful rock formation. During breaks in filming, Dassin would travel into town to watch experimental theatre; he later recalled that Zbyszko was the only other person who would tag along (the rest of the cast and crew balked at the invitation). Like the character he played in the movie, Zbyszko often complained of the industry’s evolution into a form of showmanship. On September 23, 1967, Stanislaus Zbyszko died of a heart attack at age 88. He was cited by Strangler Lewis as", "title": "Stanislaus Zbyszko" }, { "id": "15112023", "score": "1.5376225", "text": "as a teenager. On his 100th birthday, the Boston Red Sox invited Giddon to be the team's honorary bat boy prior to a game against the New York Yankees at Fenway Park. He reprised his role for his now-beloved Red Sox, wearing a team's jersey with No. 100 and the legend \"Big Pappy\" on the back. The Red Sox won the contest, 16–11. This story drew headlines in the \"New York Times\" and \"Hartford Courant\" and an invitation to appear on \"The Tonight Show\". Giddon was a volunteer for Miles of Smiles Day at Connecticut Children's Hospital and belonged to", "title": "A. Arthur Giddon" }, { "id": "14200080", "score": "1.5333793", "text": "in 1955, a few months before the latter's sudden death. He undertook a series of photos of the actor in Hollywood, Dean's hometown in Indiana, and in New York City. One of his portraits of Dean in New York's Times Square became an iconic image of the young star. The black and white picture shows the actor with a pulled up collar on a casual jacket and a cigarette in his mouth on a rain-soaked, grey day. It later appeared in numerous galleries and on postcards and posters and became one of the most reproduced photographs of the post-war period.", "title": "Dennis Stock" }, { "id": "15186269", "score": "1.5311043", "text": "by Meredith Vieira about that day in December 1961. Len Steckler Len Steckler (May 6, 1928 – August 11, 2016) was an American photographer, illustrator, and filmmaker. Steckler was known for the artistry behind many famous ad campaigns, including Pepsi Cola's \"Refreshes Without Filling\" illustrations in the 1950s, Noxzema's \"Take it off — Take it all off\" television commercials in the early 1970s, and an ad featuring Joe Namath in Hanes pantyhose. In 2010, he received widespread attention for the release of a previously unknown series of photographs, entitled \"Marilyn Monroe: The Visit\", which offered a candid glimpse of a", "title": "Len Steckler" }, { "id": "16007359", "score": "1.5285451", "text": "1993 affected Feinstein's ability to operate cameras. In 2008 he published two books; the first included 23 of his early Hollywood photos together with Dylan poems written in 1964; and the second, a collection of photos from the Dylan concert tours. His photographs from the 1966 Dylan tour were exhibited in the National Portrait Gallery in London in 2009. Feinstein died on October 20, 2011, at the age of 80 in Woodstock, New York. Barry Feinstein Barry Feinstein (February 4, 1931 – October 20, 2011) was an American photographer who was reputed to have produced over 500 album covers. In", "title": "Barry Feinstein" }, { "id": "8874137", "score": "1.5285201", "text": "1915 he was seconded to the Imperial Russian Army to fight against Turkish forces in the Caucasus Campaign. In 1918 he had reached the rank of lieutenant commander and was highly decorated; he received the DSO in 1916, with bar in 1917 and a MID, along with Russian and Romanian decorations; such as the St George of the 4th class. He was Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn from 1931 to 1945. Smiles was re-elected in 1935 but stood for Down in Northern Ireland at the 1945 Westminster election, as a Unionist. The two-seat constituency was split in 1950", "title": "Walter Smiles" }, { "id": "2959072", "score": "1.5280054", "text": "his high school friend Johnny McPhee to replace him. Since McPhee was attending nearby Princeton University, he was thus geographically available for the production in New York. McPhee continued until he graduated and was himself succeeded by Dick Harrison (real name John Beebe) in September 1953. Harrison continued until early 1954, when he was replaced by Bobby McGuire, then 22 years old. McGuire appeared as the \"oldest living teenager\" until the end of the run. As a television series, \"Twenty Questions\" debuted as a local show in New York on WOR-TV Channel 9 on November 2, 1949. Beginning on November", "title": "Twenty Questions" }, { "id": "5836738", "score": "1.5267146", "text": "in \"Mr. Roberts\" where Henry Fonda, an officer on a supply ship, watched the destroyers sail into battle while he was stuck in some South Pacific backwater port.\" Kennerly got his wish, and was sent to Saigon in early 1971 as a combat photographer for UPI. During that year, starting with the last assignment before he left the states, the Ali-Frazier fight, he took the pictures that won him the Pulitzer Prize. Kennerly became the photo bureau chief for UPI in Southeast Asia a few months later, but still spent most of his time in the field. In September 1972", "title": "David Hume Kennerly" }, { "id": "16234702", "score": "1.5215948", "text": "Japanese prisoners of war in Guam. Rickerby was promoted to Captain before he left the Navy. When he returned to civilian life, Rickerby was invited by ACME/UPI to join its staff. Here he covered China's, Japan's, and Germany's post-war redevelopment, among other projects, which included sports events. It was at this time that he began his use of the 35 mm camera and an early version of the zoom lens, taking arguably his most famous photograph in 1956, that of Don Larsen, of the Yankees, in his record-breaking no-hitter World Series game. Later, Rickerby had a chance to host a", "title": "Arthur B. Rickerby" } ]

[ "michael jackson thriller", "Michael Jackson's Thriller (disambiguation)", "Michael Jackson's Thriller", "Michael jackson thriller", "michael jackson s thriller disambiguation", "michael jackson s thriller", "Michael Jacksons Thriller", "michael jacksons thriller", "\"Michael Jackson's \"\"Thriller\"\"\"" ]

[ { "id": "3149503", "score": "1.9004455", "text": "John Landis John David Landis (; born August 3, 1950) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known for the comedy films that he has directed, such as \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978), \"The Blues Brothers\" (1980), \"An American Werewolf in London\" (1981), \"Trading Places\" (1983), \"Three Amigos\" (1986), \"Coming to America\" (1988) and \"Beverly Hills Cop III\" (1994), and for directing Michael Jackson's music videos for \"Thriller\" (1983) and \"Black or White\" (1991). Landis was born into a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Shirley Levine (née Magaziner) and Marshall Landis, an", "title": "John Landis" }, { "id": "3149507", "score": "1.825871", "text": "was not offered another directing job for some time. In 1977, Landis directed \"Kentucky Fried Movie\". The film was inspired by the satirical sketch comedy of shows like \"Monty Python\", \"Free the Army\", \"The National Lampoon Radio Hour\" and \"Saturday Night Live\". In 1978 Landis directed his first film for Universal Studios, \"National Lampoon's Animal House\", which was financially successful, earning over $120 million, domestically, at the box office. In 1980 he co-wrote and directed \"The Blues Brothers\", a comedy starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd. It featured musical numbers by R&B and soul legends James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha", "title": "John Landis" }, { "id": "3149520", "score": "1.7445748", "text": "for Advancement of Colored People, the Golden Raspberry Awards, the Rando Hatton Classic Horror, the Amiens International Film Festival, the Cognac Festival du Film Policier, the Fantafestival, the Fantasporto Film Festival, the Italian National Syndicated of Film Journalists, the Monte-Carlo Comedy Film Festival, the Phoenix Film Festival, and the Sitges - Catalonian International Film Festival. WINS NOMINATIONS John Landis John David Landis (; born August 3, 1950) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known for the comedy films that he has directed, such as \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978), \"The Blues Brothers\" (1980), \"An", "title": "John Landis" }, { "id": "6242830", "score": "1.7188557", "text": "He recalled telling Jackson: \"It’s simple—all you’ve got to do is dance, sing, and make it scary.\" In early August, after seeing his horror film \"An American Werewolf in London\", Jackson contacted John Landis to direct. At the time, commercial directors did not direct music videos, but Landis was intrigued. He and Jackson conceived a short shot on 35 mm film with the production values of a feature film. They planned a budget of $900,000, much larger than any previous music video. According to Landis, when he called Yetnikoff to propose the film, Yetnikoff swore so loudly he had to", "title": "Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)" }, { "id": "3149517", "score": "1.7089293", "text": "Science\" (1994), \"Sliders\" (1995), \"\" (1997), \"Campus Cops\" (1995), \"Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World\" (1998), \"Masters of Horror\", and various episodes of \"Psych\". He also made commercials for DirecTV, Taco Bell, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Kellogg's, and Disney. In 2011 he made an appearance in Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton's television series \"Psychoville\". Landis made his first documentary, \"Coming Soon\" in 1982; it was only released on VHS. Next, he co-directed \"B.B. King \"Into the Night\"\" (1985) and in 2002 directed \"\", which can be seen as a part of the \"Animal House\" DVD extras. Initially, his documentaries were only", "title": "John Landis" }, { "id": "2648686", "score": "1.7003074", "text": "mix of humor and horror: \"a landmark in startling makeup effects\" and \"a riotous piece of fish-out-of-water college humor.\" Michael Jackson was a huge fan of the movie and chose John Landis to direct and Rick Baker to direct makeup effects for his 1983 \"Thriller\" music video based on the strength of their work in \"An American Werewolf in London\". It went on to become one of the most lauded music videos of all time. Director John Landis has expressed regret over changing, and even cutting, certain sequences from the final cut of the film in order to earn an", "title": "An American Werewolf in London" }, { "id": "823178", "score": "1.692322", "text": "movement. Precursors of this counterculture subversive humor in film were two non-\"college movies\", \"M*A*S*H\", a 1970 satirical dark comedy, and \"The Kentucky Fried Movie\", a 1977 formless comedy consisting of a series of sketches (which was also directed by Landis). In 2012 Universal Pictures Stage Productions announced it was developing a stage musical version of the movie. Barenaked Ladies were originally announced to write the score, but they were replaced by composer David Yazbek. Casey Nicholaw will direct; author Michael Mitnick is also reportedly involved. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically", "title": "Animal House" }, { "id": "5402317", "score": "1.6903955", "text": "\"National Lampoon's Animal House,\" directed by John Landis and released in 1978, as sorority girl Barbara \"Babs\" Jansen. In 2008, Smith recalled her experience working on the 1978 comedy classic: \"Having just returned from the Chicago reunion event at Hollywood Boulevard, I can say it's never ceased to astonish me just how deeply this movie has carved itself into the American psyche. It's hard to know which is more impressive: the AFI Top 100 Funniest Films List, the induction into the Library of Congress National Film Registry or my personal favorite accolade -- the parody issue of \"Mad Magazine\".\" After", "title": "Martha Smith" }, { "id": "7189238", "score": "1.6729345", "text": "Belushi's friend John Landis, who directed the actor in the films \"National Lampoon's Animal House\" (1978) and \"The Blues Brothers\" (1980), refused to have his name incorporated into \"Wired\" and threatened to sue for invasion of privacy, causing the producers to label a generic name on the film director who appears in the film. As played by Jon Snyder, the director is an obvious lookalike of Landis during the \"Blues Brothers\" sequence, and in the scene where he is walking across the movie set, a helicopter can be heard in the background (a reference to the fatal helicopter accident that", "title": "Wired (film)" }, { "id": "823145", "score": "1.6612053", "text": "work on \"Kentucky Fried Movie\". That film's script and continuity supervisor was the girlfriend of Sean Daniel, an assistant to Mount. Daniel saw Landis' movie and recommended him. Landis then met with Mount, Reitman and Simmons and got the job. Landis remembers, \"When I was given the script, it was the funniest thing I had ever read up to that time. But it was really offensive. There was a great deal of projectile vomiting and rape and all these things\". There was also friction between Landis and the writers early on because Landis was a high-school dropout from Hollywood and", "title": "Animal House" }, { "id": "18314667", "score": "1.6513085", "text": "John J. Lloyd John J. Lloyd (June 30, 1922 – September 20, 2014) was an American art director and production designer known for his work on such films as \"National Lampoon's Animal House\", \"The Blues Brothers\", \"The Thing\", \"Big Trouble in Little China\", and \"\" His death at the age of 92 was announced in October 2014. He was born in Dearborn, Michigan in 1922 but moved with his family to California in the mid-1920s. They first settled in Ramona, where Lloyd assisted his parents in operating a local mercantile store and a turkey ranch. Lloyd and his family later", "title": "John J. Lloyd" }, { "id": "904703", "score": "1.647372", "text": "waste it on trotting out and trying to enhance the public image of the singer involved\". In 1983, the most successful, influential and iconic music video of all time was released: the nearly 14-minute-long video for Michael Jackson's song \"Thriller\", directed by John Landis. The video set new standards for production, having cost US $800,000 to film. The video for \"Thriller\", along with earlier videos by Jackson for his songs \"Billie Jean\" and \"Beat It\", were instrumental in getting music videos by African American artists played on MTV. Prior to Jackson's success, videos by African-American artists were rarely played on", "title": "Music video" }, { "id": "10987398", "score": "1.6473106", "text": "people. It was the first 70mm Fulldome presentation, a precursor to IMAX. Other noteworthy credits include opening titles and many music videos for \"The Sonny and Cher Show\", the animated opening sequence for \"Grease\", an animated trailer for Billy Wilder's \"Irma La Douce\" and the ABC-TV half-hour animated special, \"Stanley, the Ugly Duckling\". He directed \"The Seventh Brother\" for Family Films, Fox Network-TV's \"Peter Pan and the Pirates\", \"Fraggle Rock\", \"Muppet Babies\", \"Jem\" and \"The Specialists\" for MTV. Video Gems, a home video company, released at least two anthologies of short-form animation films by John Wilson, \"John Wilson's Animation Wonderland\"", "title": "Fine Arts Films" }, { "id": "18314670", "score": "1.6400882", "text": "\"Checkmate\" and went on to be nominated again for the 1971 two-part movie \"Vanished\" and as production designer of the 1977 TV movie \"It Happened One Christmas\". He moved into feature films in the late 1960s, starting with the art direction of the 1966 release \"Munster, Go Home!\" His subsequent film credits as art director include \"\", \"The Day of the Locust\" and \"Animal House\". His first film as production designer was 1977's \"MacArthur\". After working with Lloyd on \"Animal House\", director John Landis recruited him as production designer on Landis' 1980 hit, \"The Blues Brothers\". Lloyd and Landis collaborated", "title": "John J. Lloyd" }, { "id": "2908469", "score": "1.6342912", "text": "music videos, two weeks after finishing his post-graduate degree. His 90-second World War II-inspired Coca-Cola advertisement was picked up by Capitol Records. His first national commercial for the Red Cross, which won a Clio Award in 1992. He directed Goodby, Silverstein & Partners \"Got Milk?\" advertisement campaign for the California Milk Processors Board in 1993, which also won a Grand Prix Clio Award for Commercial of the Year. Bay's success in music videos gained the attention of producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson, who selected him to direct his first feature-length film, \"Bad Boys\". The film was shot in Miami", "title": "Michael Bay" }, { "id": "20132657", "score": "1.626435", "text": "of the first directors with work appearing on MTV where he created over 30 music/videos including works with Nile Rodgers, Rick James, Sammy Hagar, Philip Glass, Tangerine Dream, Peter Gordon, Grace Jones, King Crimson and Van Halen. At the request of Jim Fouratt at the nightclub Danceteria, he created the first “video lounge” and hired video artists to VJ video clips and video art. The lounge became a cultural phenomenon in New York City. In January 1984 he contributed to “Good Morning Mr. Orwell,\" a live satellite TV event created by Nam June Paik. With Dean Winkler he orchestrated segments", "title": "John Sanborn (media artist)" }, { "id": "7067109", "score": "1.6226251", "text": "from the House of Blues in Los Angeles. Creative Artists Agency and Intel Corporation hired him to direct a state-of-the-art \"interactive show\" for CAA/Intel Media Lab to introduce the Hollywood community to the \"future of entertainment\", digitizing actor Danny DeVito, and using live performance animation to create the interactive animated character \"Mr. Head\", who guided the audience/participants through the experience. In the music video genre, Brett directed Peter Gabriel's: \"Kiss That Frog\", the first all-computer graphic (CGI) music video/motion simulator ride film to tour the world, becoming the wildly popular themed entertainment attraction to win him a 1994 MTV Music", "title": "Brett Leonard" }, { "id": "7095673", "score": "1.6204629", "text": "Channel)and 26 episodes of \"The Hilarious House of Frightenstein\" (U.S. syndication) and the Inuit special \"Ukaliq\". Their music video \"A Routine Day\" made for the band \"Klaatu\" is considered the first animated music video. Subsequently they moved to Hollywood, California where they designed and built a complete motion-control system and produced special effects for numerous commercials and the films \"Alligator\", \"Any Which Way You Can\", \"Body Heat\", and \"One from the Heart\", for which they also produced the logo animation for Francis Ford Coppola's Zoetrope Studios. On the recommendation and financing of their New York distributor, Don Taffner. they went", "title": "Jean Mathieson" }, { "id": "9219206", "score": "1.6120543", "text": "Boys with Chris Lowe, Watson took the first photographs of them and was their main photographer and video director from 1984 to 1991. The first video he directed was \"Opportunities (Let's Make Lots of Money)\" for the Pet Shop Boys in 1985, his co-director being Andy Morahan. He subsequently directed a series of Pet Shop Boys videos, including \"Suburbia\", \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\", \"Domino Dancing\" and \"DJ Culture\". Watson also directed videos for a number of other pop artists including Holly Johnson and Yaz before concentrating on TV commercials. He exhibited his photographs at the Blue Gallery", "title": "Eric Watson (photographer)" }, { "id": "2970683", "score": "1.6076124", "text": "with a diverse group of models. The video was filmed in one day by two film crews in a house on Long Island. Content including male and female nudity prevented the video from being played on MTV in the United States. In 1996 he directed the video for the Pet Shop Boys single \"Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)\" on location in a Wet 'n' Wild, a water park near Orlando, Florida. In 2002, he again directed a Pet Shop Boys video, for the song \"I Get Along\" from the album \"Release\". Weber filmed this video on", "title": "Bruce Weber (photographer)" } ]

[ "terracota", "Terra Cotta", "Terrakotta", "Terracotta (color)", "terracotta gfdl archive", "terracotta", "Terracottas", "terra cotta", "Terracota", "Terracotta", "Terra-Cotta", "Terra-cotta", "terrakotta", "terracotta color", "Terracotta/GFDL archive", "Terra cotta", "terracottas" ]

[ { "id": "5814513", "score": "1.6588962", "text": "Underglaze Underglaze is a method of decorating pottery in which painted decoration is applied to the surface before it is covered with a transparent ceramic glaze and fired in a kiln. Because the glaze subsequently covers it, such decoration is completely durable, and it also allows the production of pottery with a surface that has a uniform sheen. Underglaze decoration uses pigments derived from oxides which fuse with the glaze when the piece is fired in a kiln. It is also a cheaper method, as only a single firing is needed, whereas overglaze decoration requires a second firing at a", "title": "Underglaze" }, { "id": "8618907", "score": "1.6577151", "text": "applied under the glaze on pottery is generally referred to as underglaze. Underglazes are applied to the surface of the pottery, which can be either raw, \"greenware\", or \"biscuit\"-fired (an initial firing of some articles before the glazing and re-firing). A wet glaze—usually transparent—is applied over the decoration. The pigment fuses with the glaze, and appears to be underneath a layer of clear glaze. An example of underglaze decoration is the well-known \"blue and white\" porcelain famously produced in England, the Netherlands, China, and Japan. The striking blue color uses cobalt as cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate. Decoration applied on", "title": "Ceramic glaze" }, { "id": "1489741", "score": "1.6296681", "text": "describe objects such as figurines not made on a potter's wheel. Vessels and other objects that are or might be made on a wheel from the same material are called earthenware pottery; the choice of term depends on the type of object rather than the material or firing technique. Unglazed pieces, and those made for building construction and industry, are also more likely to be referred to as terracotta, whereas tableware and other vessels are called earthenware (though sometimes terracotta if unglazed), or by a more precise term such as faience. An appropriate refined clay is formed to the desired", "title": "Terracotta" }, { "id": "3488676", "score": "1.6097876", "text": "Unstan ware Unstan ware is the name used by archaeologists for a type of finely made and decorated Neolithic pottery from the 4th and 3rd millennia BC. Typical are elegant and distinctive shallow bowls with a band of grooved patterning below the rim, using a technique known as \"stab-and-drag\". A second version consists of undecorated, round-bottomed bowls. Some of the bowls had bits of volcanic rock included in the clay to make them stronger. Bone tools were used to burnish the surfaces to make them shiny and impermeable. Unstan ware is named after the Unstan Chambered Cairn on the Mainland", "title": "Unstan ware" }, { "id": "8618908", "score": "1.5942097", "text": "top of a layer of glaze is referred to as overglaze. Overglaze methods include applying one or more layers or coats of glaze on a piece of pottery or by applying a non-glaze substance such as enamel or metals (e.g., gold leaf) over the glaze. Overglaze colors are low-temperature glazes that give ceramics a more decorative, glassy look. A piece is fired first, this initial firing being called the glost firing, then the overglaze decoration is applied, and it is fired again. Once the piece is fired and comes out of the kiln, its texture is smoother due to the", "title": "Ceramic glaze" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pottery\n\nPottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made by a \"potter\" is also called a \"pottery\" (plural \"potteries\"). The definition of \"pottery\", used by the ASTM International, is \"all fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed, except technical, structural, and refractory products\". In art history and archaeology, especially of ancient and prehistoric periods, \"pottery\" often means vessels only, and sculpted figurines of the same material are called \"terracottas\". \n\nPottery is one of the oldest human inventions, originating before the Neolithic period, with ceramic objects like the Gravettian culture Venus of Dolní Věstonice figurine discovered in the Czech Republic dating back to 29,000–25,000 BC, the Russian Far East (14,000 BC), South America (9,000s–7,000s BC), and the Middle East (7,000s–6,000s BC).\n\nPottery is made by forming a ceramic (often clay) body into objects of a desired shape and heating them to high temperatures (600–1600 °C) in a bonfire, pit or kiln and induces reactions that lead to permanent changes including increasing the strength and rigidity of the object. Much pottery is purely utilitarian, but some can also be regarded as ceramic art. A clay body can be decorated before or after firing.\n\nClay-based pottery can be divided into three main groups: earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. These require increasingly more specific clay material, and increasingly higher firing temperatures. All three are made in glazed and unglazed varieties, for different purposes. All may also be decorated by various techniques. In many examples the group a piece belongs to is immediately visually apparent, but this is not always the case. The fritware of the Islamic world does not use clay, so technically falls outside these groups. Historic pottery of all these types is often grouped as either \"fine\" wares, relatively expensive and well-made, and following the aesthetic taste of the culture concerned, or alternatively \"coarse\", \"popular\", \"folk\" or \"village\" wares, mostly undecorated, or simply so, and often less well-made.\n\nCooking in clay pots became less popular once metal pots became available, but is still used for dishes that depend on the qualities of pottery cooking, such as biryani, cassoulet, daube, tagine, jollof rice, kedjenou, cazuela, and baked beans.<ref name=\":3\"/>", "title": "Pottery" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Terracotta\n\nTerracotta, terra cotta, or terra-cotta (; ; ), in its material sense as an earthenware substrate, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic where the fired body is porous. \n\nIn applied art, craft, construction, and architecture, terracotta is the term normally used for sculpture made in earthenware and also for various practical uses, including vessels (notably flower pots), water and waste water pipes, roofing tiles, bricks, and surface embellishment in building construction. The term is also used to refer to the natural brownish orange color of most terracotta.\n\nIn archaeology and art history, \"terracotta\" is often used to describe objects such as figurines not made on a potter's wheel. Vessels and other objects that are or might be made on a wheel from the same material are called earthenware pottery; the choice of term depends on the type of object rather than the material or firing technique. Unglazed pieces, and those made for building construction and industry, are also more likely to be referred to as terracotta. Glazed terracotta for tableware, and other vessels, is called earthenware, or by a more precise term such as faience which denotes a particular type of glaze.\n\nGlazed architectural terracotta and its unglazed version as exterior surfaces for buildings were used in East Asia for some centuries before becoming popular in the West in the 19th century. Architectural terracotta can also refer to decorated ceramic elements such as antefixes and revetments, which made a large contribution to the appearance of temples and other buildings in the classical architecture of Europe, as well as in the Ancient Near East.\nThis article covers the senses of terracotta as a medium in sculpture, as in the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines, and architectural decoration. East Asian and European sculpture in porcelain is not covered.", "title": "Terracotta" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ceramic glaze\n\nCeramic glaze is an impervious layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fused to a pottery body through firing. Glaze can serve to color, decorate or waterproof an item. Glazing renders earthenware vessels suitable for holding liquids, sealing the inherent porosity of unglazed biscuit earthenware. It also gives a tougher surface. Glaze is also used on stoneware and porcelain. In addition to their functionality, glazes can form a variety of surface finishes, including degrees of glossy or matte finish and color. Glazes may also enhance the underlying design or texture either unmodified or inscribed, carved or painted.\n\nMost pottery produced in recent centuries has been glazed, other than pieces in unglazed biscuit porcelain, terracotta, or some other types. Tiles are almost always glazed on the surface face, and modern architectural terracotta is very often glazed. Glazed brick is also common. Domestic sanitary ware is invariably glazed, as are many ceramics used in industry, for example ceramic insulators for overhead power lines.\n\nThe most important groups of traditional glazes, each named after its main ceramic fluxing agent, are:\n\n\nModern materials technology has invented new vitreous glazes that do not fall into these traditional categories.", "title": "Ceramic glaze" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Terra sigillata\n\nTerra sigillata is a term with at least three distinct meanings: as a description of medieval medicinal earth; in archaeology, as a general term for some of the fine red Ancient Roman pottery with glossy surface slips made in specific areas of the Roman Empire; and more recently, as a description of a contemporary studio pottery technique supposedly inspired by ancient pottery. Usually roughly translated as 'sealed earth', the meaning of 'terra sigillata' is 'clay bearing little images' (Latin \"sigilla\"), not 'clay with a sealed (impervious) surface'. The archaeological term is applied, however, to plain-surfaced pots as well as those decorated with figures in relief.\n\nTerra sigillata as an archaeological term refers chiefly to a specific type of plain and decorated tableware made in Italy and in Gaul (France and the Rhineland) during the Roman Empire. These vessels have glossy surface slips ranging from a soft lustre to a brilliant glaze-like shine, in a characteristic colour range from pale orange to bright red; they were produced in standard shapes and sizes and were manufactured on an industrial scale and widely exported. The sigillata industries grew up in areas where there were existing traditions of pottery manufacture, and where the clay deposits proved suitable. The products of the Italian workshops are also known as Aretine ware from Arezzo and have been collected and admired since the Renaissance. The wares made in the Gaulish factories are often referred to by English-speaking archaeologists as samian ware. Closely related pottery fabrics made in the North African and Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire are not usually referred to as terra sigillata, but by more specific names, e.g. African red slip wares. All these types of pottery are significant for archaeologists: they can often be closely dated, and their distribution casts light on aspects of the ancient Roman economy.\n\nModern \"terra sig\" should be clearly distinguished from the close reproductions of Roman wares made by some potters deliberately recreating and using the Roman methods. The finish called 'terra sigillata' by studio potters can be made from moist clay, mixed as a very thin liquid slip and settled to separate out only the finest particles to be used as terra sigillata. When applied to unfired clay surfaces, \"terra sig\" can be polished with a soft cloth or brush to achieve a shine ranging from a smooth silky lustre to a high gloss. The surface of ancient terra sigillata vessels did not require this burnishing or polishing. Burnishing was a technique used on some wares in the Roman period, but terra sigillata was not one of them. The polished surface can only be retained if fired within the low-fire range and will lose its shine if fired higher, but can still display an appealing silky quality.", "title": "Terra sigillata" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Glossary of pottery terms\n\nThis is a list of pottery and ceramic terms.\n\n", "title": "Glossary of pottery terms" }, { "id": "5814515", "score": "1.5814819", "text": "cobalt and turquoise blues, pale purple, sage green, and bole red characteristic of İznik pottery. The painting styles used are covered at (among other articles): china painting, blue and white pottery, tin-glazed pottery, maiolica, Egyptian faience, Delftware. In modern times a wider range of underglaze colours are available. An archaeological excavation at the Tongguan kiln Site proved that the technology of underglazed color figure arose in the Tang and Five Dynasties periods and originated from Tonguan, Changsha. Underglaze Underglaze is a method of decorating pottery in which painted decoration is applied to the surface before it is covered with a", "title": "Underglaze" }, { "id": "7263166", "score": "1.5555604", "text": "Islamic world in the form of blue and white porcelain, with underglaze painting in cobalt. This has been described as the \"last great innovation in ceramic technology\". Decoration by underglaze painted patterns had long been a feature of Chinese pottery, especially in the popular Cizhou ware (mostly using black over slip), but was perhaps regarded as rather vulgar by the court and the literati class, and the finest ceramics were monochrome, using an understated aesthetic with perfect shapes and subtle glaze effects, often over shallow decoration carved or moulded into the surface. This was a great contrast to the bright", "title": "Chinese ceramics" }, { "id": "8481162", "score": "1.5524657", "text": "Indian designs, dating back to the Sultanate period, has been found in Gujarat and Maharashtra. Current era Blue Pottery of Jaipur is widely recognized as a traditional craft of Jaipur, though it is Turko-Persian in origin. Over time India's simple style of molding clay went into an evolution. A number of distinct styles emerged from this simple style. Some of the most popular forms of pottery include unglazed pottery, glazed pottery, terracotta, and papier-mache. Unglazed pottery, the oldest form of pottery practiced in India, is of three types. First is paper thin pottery, biscuit-colored pottery decorated with incised patterns. Next", "title": "Pottery in the Indian subcontinent" }, { "id": "1670340", "score": "1.5476297", "text": "have been collected as surface finds at the Sisattanak Kiln Site. Decorations to glazed wares show a great measure of restraint, with simple incisions, stamps and fluting. Unglazed wares are similarly austere. They are generally not decorated with incisions or stamps, which are common in other Southeast Asian wares. The VS8 excavation in 1989 added to an ever-increasing body of evidence that Lao ceramic tradition is significant. Future excavations are expected to prove that Lao ceramic production was comparable to that of other countries in the region. Lao ceramics Lao ceramics refers to ceramic art and pottery designed or produced", "title": "Lao ceramics" }, { "id": "19082084", "score": "1.54724", "text": "outdoors over an open fire, or occasionally in a family kiln. The municipality of Huejutla is home to the state’s best known pottery traditions. One of these is a white clay, unglazed, with sepia or black painted decorations and another is ochre colored unglazed pieces typically painted with white (sometimes with gray or black) lines to create flora and avian designs. These are used to make storage and serving containers for liquids and food, animal figures, candle holders, whistles and more. Both of these are centered mostly in the Huastec communiityof Chililco, but are also made in the nearby communities", "title": "Handcrafts and folk art in Hidalgo" }, { "id": "1670338", "score": "1.5459478", "text": "a greater ratio of glazed to unglazed wares. The theory is that the kilns were moved up over time and that more glazed wares were fired over time. This is supported by the ceramics uncovered at VS8, a lower-elevation site, which were all of a utilitarian and domestic nature. They included pipes, domestic wares and architectural fittings. The VS8 excavation uncovered both unglazed and glazed wares. Most of the glazed wares were pipes; 1,500 pipe fragments and complete pieces were collected. Their quality indicates a well-developed tradition, and their motifs suggest the possibility that they were export wares. From the", "title": "Lao ceramics" }, { "id": "5193970", "score": "1.5385963", "text": "and in some cases unglazed wares. Slipped Saintonge is more consistent in colour and appearance than unslipped, having the benefit of an undercoating to regulate the process. The most common forms of vessel produced in this ware were wine jugs. These were characteristically tall, with slightly ovoid bodies, flat bases, parrot-beak spouts and strap handles. Saintonge was exported well through the 17th century. Acadians and French colonists in Quebec and Eastern Canada imported many Saintonge ceramics, including bowls, plates, mugs and other types. Many Saintonge ceramic fragments have been found in context with 17th-century colonists and are often used as", "title": "Saintonge" }, { "id": "14747885", "score": "1.5375934", "text": "slips of liquid clay and pigment with common colors being red, grey, and black and the surfaces polished to a high sheen. Although their attributes are nearly identical, there are major differences. While the Powell Plain has an unadorned surface, Ramey Incised are burnished and decorated with a series of incised motifs decorating the upper shoulders of the jar most often interpreted as having underworld or water connections. The incised decoration is added when the clay is still wet by tracing a design with a blunt-ended tool. The specific shapes and incised motifs are used to place the artifacts securely", "title": "Mississippian culture pottery" }, { "id": "9488365", "score": "1.5212812", "text": "Overglaze decoration Overglaze decoration, overglaze enamelling or on-glaze decoration is a method of decorating pottery, most often porcelain, where the coloured decoration is applied on top of the already fired and glazed surface, and then fixed in a second firing at a relatively low temperature. It is often described as producing \"enamelled\" decoration. The colours fuse on to the glaze, so the decoration becomes durable. This decorative firing is usually done at a lower temperature which allows for a more varied and vidid palette of colours, using pigments which will not colour correctly at the high temperature necessary to fire", "title": "Overglaze decoration" }, { "id": "10560016", "score": "1.5190808", "text": "of the basic shapes and types of the earlier period, but much of the typical decoration of the earlier Chalcolithic is discontinued. Late Chalcolithic pottery is known for some special shapes including: 1)cornets—cone-like vessels with narrow apertures and long, highly tapered sides ending in exaggerated, long stick-like bases; 2) (so-called)churns or bird vessels, barrel-shaped vessels, often with bow shaped neck, one flat end and two lugs at either horizontal end of barrel, intended for suspension; 3) small bowls with straight sides tapering to flat bases (so-called V-shaped despite the flat bases; fenestrated-pedestaled bowls, small vases with vertical lugs pierced circularly,", "title": "Levantine pottery" }, { "id": "2218504", "score": "1.5162299", "text": "Earthenware Earthenware is glazed or unglazed nonvitreous pottery that has normally been fired below 1200°C. Porcelain, bone china and stoneware, all fired at high enough temperatures to vitrify, are the main other important types of pottery. Earthenware comprisesmost building bricks, nearly all European pottery up to the seventeenth century, most of the wares of Egypt, Persia and the near East; Greek, Roman and Mediterranean, and some of the Chinese; and the fine earthenware which forms the greater part of our tableware today.Pit fired earthenware dates back to as early as 29,000–25,000 BC, and for millennia, only earthenware pottery was made,", "title": "Earthenware" }, { "id": "4608220", "score": "1.514086", "text": "clear glaze was applied to the whole and then fired. Coloured decoration could help disguise imperfections that might arise during the firing process. Transfer-printing of pottery was developed in the 1750s. There were two main methods, underglaze printing and overglaze. For overglaze printing, an engraved copper plate was prepared and rubbed with oil. The surplus oil was wiped off and an impression was taken onto thin paper. The oily print was then transferred to the glazed earthenware surface which was then dusted with finely ground pigment in the chosen colour. Excess powder was then removed and the ware was given", "title": "Creamware" }, { "id": "12948345", "score": "1.5117393", "text": "The sizes were also standardised, which would have facilitated the firing, storage and transport of the huge numbers that were made. The evolution in forms matches in many respects that seen in silver and glass table vessels of the same periods, and the precise forms can sometimes be closely dated. The forms archaeologically classified as 'plain' do sometimes bear decoration of a simple kind, often in the form of a ring of rouletting within the flat interior base of a dish. Plain wares also often bear name-stamps. ARS (African Red Slip) ware was the most widely distributed representative of the", "title": "Ancient Roman pottery" }, { "id": "3118388", "score": "1.5108762", "text": "Grooved ware Grooved ware is the name given to a pottery style of the British Neolithic. Its manufacturers are sometimes known as the Grooved ware people. Unlike the later Beaker ware, Grooved culture was not an import from the continent but seems to have developed in Orkney, early in the 3rd millennium BC, and was soon adopted in Britain and Ireland. The diagnostic shape for the style is a flat-bottomed pot with straight sides sloping outwards and grooved decoration around the top. Beyond this the pottery comes in many varieties, some with complex geometric decorations others with applique bands added.", "title": "Grooved ware" }, { "id": "2122777", "score": "1.5101357", "text": "tiny bubbles of gas, which give a lustrous effect. With the whiter body clays pieces may be translucent. The pronounced reddish colour of unglazed areas comes from the end of the firing, as the heated clay comes in contact with fresh air let into the kiln, and the iron present turns into ferrous oxide. Many pieces have crazing or crackle in the glaze, but much less than in the closely related Guan ware. A technique sometimes found before about 1400 was to add spots or splashes of a mixture rich in iron oxide with an appearance of randomness; these fired", "title": "Longquan celadon" } ]

[ "minder", "Minder" ]

[ { "id": "2097492", "score": "2.1134548", "text": "television series \"UFO\" in the episode \"Flight Path\" (1971). He also made a guest appearance as Mr Downs, a bank manager, in a 1978 episode of the sitcom \"The Good Life\", performed in the presence of the Queen. His best-remembered television role was as the crooked used-car dealer Arthur Daley in the popular and successful Thames Television series \"Minder\", which he played from 1979 to the show's conclusion in 1994. Prior to this, he had played a struggling writer in the BBC sitcom \"Don't Forget To Write!\" (1977–79). He also played Sir Giles Lynchwood in the BBC's adaptation of the", "title": "George Cole (actor)" }, { "id": "2097587", "score": "2.0514002", "text": "2008, it was announced that \"Minder\" would go into production for broadcast in 2009 (on Channel 5) for a new version, though none of the original cast would appear in the new episodes. The new show focused on Arthur's nephew Archie (created solely for this new version), played by Shane Richie. The series began broadcast on 4 February 2009. In 2010, it was announced that no further episodes would be made following lukewarm reception to the first series. The show starred Dennis Waterman as Terry McCann, an honest and likeable bodyguard (\"minder\" in London slang) and George Cole as Arthur", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097588", "score": "2.0295997", "text": "Daley, a socially ambitious, but highly unscrupulous importer-exporter, wholesaler, used-car salesman and purveyor of anything else from which there was money to be made, whether within the law or not. The series is principally set in inner West London (Shepherd's Bush/Ladbroke Grove/Fulham/Acton), and was largely responsible for putting the word , meaning personal bodyguard, into the UK popular lexicon. The characters often drank at the local members-only Winchester Club, where owner and barman Dave (Glynn Edwards) acted, often unwillingly, as a message service for Arthur, and turned a blind eye to his shady deals. Although initially developed to focus on", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097487", "score": "1.9245496", "text": "George Cole (actor) George Edward Cole, OBE (22 April 1925 – 5 August 2015) was an English actor whose career spanned more than 70 years. He was best known for playing Arthur Daley in the long-running ITV comedy-drama show \"Minder\" and Flash Harry in the early \"St Trinian's\" films. Cole was born in Tooting, London. He was given up for adoption at ten days of age and adopted by George and Florence Cole, a Tooting council employee and charwoman (cleaner) respectively. He attended secondary school in nearby Morden. He left school at 14 to be a butcher's boy, and had", "title": "George Cole (actor)" }, { "id": "2923153", "score": "1.8835008", "text": "which also starred George Cole. Waterman sang the theme tunes to three more programmes in which he appeared: the comedy drama \"Stay Lucky\" with Jan Francis (Yorkshire Television/ITV 1989), sitcom \"On the Up\" (BBC 1990) and crime drama \"New Tricks\" (Wall to Wall television for BBC, 2003). In 1997 he appeared as John Danson (the head of the largest UK smuggling network) in series 3 of the UK TV drama \"The Knock\". He was a regular cast member in every season of \"New Tricks\", from 2003 to 2014. After expressing his intent to leave the series during its final season", "title": "Dennis Waterman" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Minder (TV series)\n\nMinder is a British comedy-drama series about the London criminal underworld. Initially produced by Verity Lambert, it was made by Euston Films, a subsidiary of Thames Television, and shown on ITV for ten series between 1979 and 1994. The series was notable for using a range of leading British actors, as well as many up-and-coming performers before they found their greatest success; at its peak it was one of ITV's most watched shows. The series was revived by Channel 5 in 2009 but was discontinued after only six episodes.", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097617", "score": "1.8739839", "text": "as a replacement for George Layton's Des and as dim as Des was sharp); and wide boy Justin James (Mark Farmer) (series 5-7), who idolised Arthur and aspired to be like him, seeing him as a kind of godfather. Royce Mills also starred as Arthur's financial advisor, Andrew, whose character appeared in a number of episodes across several series. \"Minder\" was devised by writer Leon Griffiths as a vehicle for Dennis Waterman after his success in \"The Sweeney\". George Cole's wheeler-dealer character is almost secondary, with Arthur assigning Terry a new \"minding\" job in each episode. A number of early", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097624", "score": "1.8496338", "text": "references to films (e.g. \"Gunfight at the O.K. Launderette\", \"Monday Night Fever\", \"National Pelmet\", \"The Beer Hunter\", \"Days of Fines and Closures\", \"The Wrong Goodbye\" and \"Guess Who's Coming to Pinner?\"). The show's opening credit sequence shows the Arthur Daley and Terry McCann characters negotiating over the sale of the white Ford Capri interspersed with still photos of the two main characters, highlighting Terry's credentials as a retired boxer and ex-convict, this presumably symbolising the characters' first meeting and the terms of their partnership. During the Dennis Waterman era, the closing credits consisted of a number of black and white", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "11564816", "score": "1.8489184", "text": "the final series of the long running BBC police series, \"\". But it was the programme 'Minder' that made Childs a household name in Great Britain. In the hugely popular series, his character had a burning desire to see Arthur Daley, played by George Cole, behind bars. His other movie appearances include \"Sweeney!\", \"Ellis Island\", \"If You Go Down in the Woods Today\", \"An Officer and a Car Salesman\" and most memorably \"Minder on the Orient Express\", where he reprised his role as Ronnie Rycott. In his personal life Childs was a fervent fan of racecourses and greyhound stadiums. He", "title": "Peter Childs" }, { "id": "2097618", "score": "1.8406081", "text": "episodes focus on Terry in such assignments, with Arthur remaining in the background. However, as the comedy potential of Cole's dodgy-dealing character emerged, as well as the successful on-screen pairing of Waterman and Cole (which proved to be one of the series' most popular elements), the emphasis increasingly focused more on Arthur's exploits, and by a few series into the show's life, typical plots revolved more around Arthur's latest shady scams instead of some of the more \"gritty\" plots of Terry's minding jobs. Despite its eventual success, \"Minder\" was a slow burner, not helped by being delayed by a nine-week", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "14191217", "score": "1.8396971", "text": "to have nothing further to do with Arthur. Meanwhile, Arthur has done well for himself, operating a large warehouse and import/export operation, employing several staff and driving a Rolls Royce. One of his customers is self-styled 'Colonel' Caplan, who operates a military-style executive survival programme from his country estate. Terry is recommended for a job as a gardener/handyman on the estate by Angie, an employee of Arthur's. But no one knows that she's actually an under-cover police officer, investigating the possibility of nefarious activities between Arthur and Caplan. These suspicions appear justified when a consignment of CS gas is found", "title": "An Officer and a Car Salesman" }, { "id": "2097607", "score": "1.8373989", "text": "being the one who we know has served time (Arthur having served time as well but this is only mentioned in one episode (Series 3, episode 13, \"In\") and no further reference is made) it is Terry who serves as the show’s moral conscience, keeping Arthur from straying too far outside the law and persuading him to do the right thing whether Arthur likes it or not. The name Arthur Daley has become synonymous with a dishonest salesman or small-time crook. With Arthur's dodgy schemes, the duo encounter undesirable underworld figures, many of whom Arthur deals with and many of", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097591", "score": "1.8234458", "text": "standard episode, filmed before Waterman's announcement that he was to leave and so with no clue as to Terry's forthcoming departure. In the opening episode of series 8, \"The Loneliness of the Long Distance Entrepreneur\", Arthur finds Terry (unseen in the episode) had married and emigrated to Australia (despite the characters criminal background making the liklihood of emigration almost impossible) to finally escape his influence. At the same time, he is stuck with looking after his nephew Ray Daley (Gary Webster), at the request of Arthur's brother to give him employment and keep him out of trouble. With Terry out", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "9259975", "score": "1.7958317", "text": "Damage\" Gammidge. Arthur persuades Terry's girlfriend that Terry's (non-existent) wife and children have arrived unexpectedly, and when she angrily dumps him, Arthur turns up at the railway station and brazenly persuades a furious Terry to take him along, thus evading the subpoena. As they travel towards Folkestone, Nikki enlists Terry's help again, as the former associates try to get the envelope off her. They also discover that Arthur's other nemesis, Detective Sergeant Chisholm (Patrick Malahide), is also travelling on the train, having been seconded to Interpol alongside Interpol agent Sergeant Francois LeBlanc (Ralph Bates) to observe the various 'faces'. As", "title": "Minder on the Orient Express" }, { "id": "2097589", "score": "1.7849014", "text": "Terry's character, as the series progressed, the focus shifted to feature Terry and Arthur more evenly, with more screen time to Arthur and his dealings. Barman Dave (whose last name was given on a couple of occasions as Harris) at first made only occasional appearances, but the rapport between Arthur, Terry and Dave also become popular and by the second series he too was given more screen time: In Series 7, the final series to feature Dennis Waterman as Terry and thus the last to feature the original opening credits, the sequence was modified very slightly to include shots of", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "14191219", "score": "1.7722497", "text": "police leads to Arthur being stripped of his business interests (and possibly arrest), Chisholm close to a second nervous breakdown, and Rycott and Jones getting a major roasting. Only Terry escapes unscathed. \"The Phenomenon That Was Minder\". Inkstone Books, P196 An Officer and a Car Salesman An Officer and a Car Salesman is a comedy/thriller television film made in 1988 as a spin-off from the successful television series \"Minder\". It was first broadcast on 26 December (Boxing Day) 1988. It falls between Series 6 and Series 7 of Minder, but, like \"Minder on the Orient Express\", which preceded it, it", "title": "An Officer and a Car Salesman" }, { "id": "2097629", "score": "1.7675834", "text": "reappear. For example, in 1984, \"TV Times\" reported that series 5 would be the last. In 1985, it again seemed as if that the current series was the last one, and it was off-air (bar repeats) for three years, to reappear in 1988. This series appeared to be the last as Dennis Waterman announced his departure at the end of its run. However, after a two-and-a-half-year break, the show was back again for a further two-and-a-half-year run, which ended with the tenth series in 1994. The series inspired a hit single, \"Arthur Daley (E's Alright!)\" by The Firm, which made", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097616", "score": "1.7592894", "text": "the seasons progressed, the guest stars became more prestigious, including Michael Kitchen as 'Maltese Tony', and the last season starring Cole and Waterman featured Billy Connolly playing Tick-tack, a bookie and grifter, Brian Blessed as DI Dyer, Ian McShane as gangster Jack Last and Roy Kinnear as Fat Charlie. Recurring characters included Des (George Layton) (series 1-3), a back-street mechanic friend of Terry's who was friendly and likable, but not beyond car theft when called for; stripper Debbie Mitchell (Diana Malin) and air stewardess Penny (Gennie Nevinson), both recurring girlfriends of Terry's; Ray Winstone as mechanic Arnie (series 4-7, conceived", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "2097613", "score": "1.7481008", "text": "(which closed Series 5) when all four officers, in two cars, crashed head-on whilst attempting to arrest Arthur and Terry. D.I. Norton's subsequent comments were scathing. Although Norton's appearances were always brief, they demonstrated the personal nature of Chisholm's and Rycott's campaigns. In the Series 6 episode \"From Fulham with Love\", Norton appears for less than a minute, but spends that entire appearance denouncing Chisholm for his \"personal vendetta against Arthur Daley\". In the feature-length, \"An Officer and a Car Salesman\" that preceded series 7, Chisholm was written out (he was seen to have taken a job as a security", "title": "Minder (TV series)" }, { "id": "15427806", "score": "1.7458975", "text": "the roles of Steve Connors and Denny Davis, respectively. The former servicemen portray vacuum cleaner salesmen. James Dunn played Amy's brother-in-law, Earl Morgan, something of a deadbeat often pushing \"get-rich-quick\" schemes to entice Steve and Denny. Steve and Denny are single in the series and in their spare time seek the companionship of women, including Amy's beautiful daughter, Cathy \"Katy\" Morgan played by Barbara Bates. Bates appeared in twenty-six episodes. Guest stars included Parley Baer, Madge Blake, George Chandler, Phyllis Coates, Angie Dickinson, King Donovan (six episodes as Chris Norman), Richard Deacon, Hope Emerson, Douglas Fowley, Vivi Janiss (four times),", "title": "It's a Great Life (TV series)" }, { "id": "11564813", "score": "1.7451729", "text": "Peter Childs Peter Childs (31 August 1939 - 1 November 1989) was an English character actor who shot to fame playing Cockney Detective Sergeant Ronnie Rycott, nemesis of Arthur Daley in the top rated ITV series, \"Minder\". Childs was born at Eastbourne on 31 August 1939, and educated at the local grammar school before training to be an actor. He trained at the Birmingham Theatre School, toiling 10 years doing repertory work before breaking into television, playing a small role in the Anton Rodgers crime series, 'Zodiac'. Later Childs gained valuable experience working with the Manchester 59 company, appearing in", "title": "Peter Childs" } ]

[ "The corfu incident", "kerkira island greece", "corfù", "corcyraean", "corfiote", "corfu incident", "kérkira", "kerkira", "Corfu", "Kerkira", "Corcyraean", "Ancient Corcyra", "Island of Corfu", "korfu", "Corfu, Greece", "Korfu", "Corfù", "corcyra", "Kerkyra", "Kérkira", "corfou", "kerkyra", "corfu", "island of corfu", "ancient corcyra", "Corfou", "Corcyra", "Corfiote", "corfu greece", "Kerkira Island, Greece" ]

[ { "id": "721591", "score": "1.7524674", "text": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, 10 June 1921), is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Philip was born into the Greek and Danish royal families. He was born in Greece, but his family was exiled from the country when he was an infant. After being educated in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, he joined the British Royal Navy in 1939, aged 18. From July 1939, he began corresponding with the 13-year-old Princess Elizabeth, whom he had first met in 1934. During the Second World War", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721597", "score": "1.6716139", "text": "for life. The British naval vessel HMS \"Calypso\" evacuated Prince Andrew's family, with Philip carried to safety in a cot made from a fruit box. Philip's family went to France, where they settled in the Paris suburb of Saint-Cloud in a house lent to them by his wealthy aunt, Princess George of Greece and Denmark. Because Philip left Greece as a baby, he does not have a strong grasp of the Greek language. In 1992, he said that he \"could understand a certain amount\". Philip has stated that he has thought of himself as Danish, and his family spoke English,", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721604", "score": "1.6528059", "text": "one of the youngest first lieutenants in the Royal Navy. During the invasion of Sicily, in July 1943, as second in command of HMS \"Wallace\", he saved his ship from a night bomber attack. He devised a plan to launch a raft with smoke floats that successfully distracted the bombers, allowing the ship to slip away unnoticed. In 1944, he moved on to the new destroyer, HMS \"Whelp\", where he saw service with the British Pacific Fleet in the 27th Destroyer Flotilla. He was present in Tokyo Bay when the instrument of Japanese surrender was signed. In January 1946, Philip", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721600", "score": "1.6462488", "text": "two terms at Salem, Philip moved to Gordonstoun. In 1937, his sister Cecilie, her husband Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, her two young sons, Ludwig and Alexander, her newborn infant and her mother-in-law, Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, were killed in an air crash at Ostend; Philip, then sixteen years old, attended the funeral in Darmstadt. The following year, his uncle and guardian Lord Milford Haven died of bone marrow cancer. After leaving Gordonstoun in early 1939, Philip completed a term as a cadet at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, then repatriated to Greece, living with his mother in", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1149820", "score": "1.6447797", "text": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the private chapel at Windsor Castle by the Dean of Windsor, Robin Woods. As with his older siblings, a governess was appointed to look after Edward and was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace before he attended Gibbs School in Kensington. In September 1972, he joined Heatherdown School, near Ascot in Berkshire. Then, as his father and elder brothers had done before him, he moved to Gordonstoun, in northern Scotland, and was appointed Head Boy in his last term. Edward obtained a C-grade and two", "title": "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\n\nPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 1921<ref group=\"fn\" name=\"dob\" /> – 9 April 2021) was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he served as the consort of the British monarch from Elizabeth's accession as queen on 6 February 1952 until his death in 2021, making him the longest-serving royal consort in history.\n\nPhilip was born in Greece, into the Greek and Danish royal families; his family was exiled from the country when he was eighteen months old. After being educated in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, he joined the Royal Navy in 1939, when he was 18 years old. In July 1939, he began corresponding with the 13-year-old Princess Elizabeth, the elder daughter and heir presumptive of King George VI. Philip had first met her in 1934. During the Second World War, he served with distinction in the British Mediterranean and Pacific fleets.\n\nIn the summer of 1946, the King granted Philip permission to marry Elizabeth. Before the official announcement of their engagement in July 1947, Philip relinquished his Greek and Danish royal titles and styles, became a naturalised British subject, and adopted his maternal grandparents' surname Mountbatten. He married Elizabeth on 20 November 1947. The day prior to their wedding, the King granted Philip the style \"His Royal Highness\". On the day of their wedding, he was additionally created Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich. Philip left active military service when Elizabeth ascended the throne in 1952, having reached the rank of commander. In 1957, he was created a British prince. Philip had four children with Elizabeth: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. In 1960, the Queen issued a British Order in Council, which declared that her and Philip's descendants who do not bear royal titles or styles may use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor, which has since also been used by titled members.\n\nA sports enthusiast, Philip helped develop the equestrian event of carriage driving. He was a patron, president, or member of over 780 organisations, including the World Wide Fund for Nature, and served as chairman of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, a youth awards program for people aged 14 to 24. Philip is the longest-lived male member of the British royal family. He retired from his royal duties on 2 August 2017, aged 96, having completed 22,219 solo engagements and 5,493 speeches from 1952. Philip died in April 2021 at Windsor Castle, at the age of 99.", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prince Philip movement\n\nThe Prince Philip movement is a religious sect followed by the Kastom people around the villages of Yaohnanen and Yakel on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu. It is a cargo cult of the Yaohnanen tribe,<ref name=\"Roberts\" /> who believe in the divinity of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921–2021), once consort to Queen Elizabeth II.", "title": "Prince Philip movement" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh\n\nOn 9 April 2021, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, and the longest-serving royal consort in history, died of old age at Windsor Castle at the age of 99, two months before his 100th birthday. \n\nThe death of the Duke set in motion Operation Forth Bridge, a plan detailing procedures including the dissemination of information, national mourning, and his funeral. The Duke had indicated wishes for a smaller funeral, though amendments were still made to the plan to bring his service in line with COVID-19 regulations, including quarantine for members of the Duke's family travelling from abroad. A thanksgiving service attended by politicians and foreign royalty was held at Westminster Abbey on 29 March 2022, which included elements that could not be implemented in the funeral ceremony due to COVID-19 restrictions. His funeral took place on 17 April 2021.\n\nRepresentatives of nations and groups around the world sent condolences to the Queen, the royal family, and citizens of the Commonwealth. Flowers and messages of condolence were left by the public at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, with members of the royal family publicly paying tribute to the Duke in the days after his death.", "title": "Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prince Andrew, Duke of York\n\nPrince Andrew, Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is a younger brother of King Charles III and the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Andrew is eighth in the line of succession to the British throne, and the first person in the line who is not a descendant of the reigning monarch.\n\nAndrew served in the Royal Navy as a helicopter pilot and instructor and as the captain of a warship. During the Falklands War, he flew on multiple missions including anti-surface warfare, casualty evacuation, and Exocet missile decoy. In 1986, he married Sarah Ferguson and was made Duke of York. They have two daughters: Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie. Their marriage, separation in 1992, and divorce in 1996 attracted extensive media coverage. As Duke of York, Andrew undertook official duties and engagements on behalf of the Queen. He served as the UK's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment for 10 years until July 2011.\n\nIn 2014, the American-Australian campaigner Virginia Giuffre alleged that, as a 17-year-old, she was sex-trafficked to Andrew by the American financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Andrew denied any wrongdoing. Following criticism for his association with Epstein, Andrew resigned from public roles in May 2020, and his honorary military affiliations and royal charitable patronages were removed by Elizabeth II in January 2022. He was the defendant in a civil lawsuit over sexual assault filed by Giuffre in the State of New York. The lawsuit was settled out of court in February 2022.<ref name=settle/> ", "title": "Prince Andrew, Duke of York" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1145698", "score": "1.6407014", "text": "Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He was baptised in the Palace's Music Room on 8 April 1960 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher. He is the namesake of his paternal grandfather, Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, who died 16 years before he was born. Prince Andrew was the first child born to a reigning monarch since the birth in 1857 of Queen Victoria's youngest child, Princess Beatrice. As with his older siblings, Andrew was looked after by a governess, who was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace. He was sent to Heatherdown School near Ascot in Berkshire.", "title": "Prince Andrew, Duke of York" }, { "id": "721595", "score": "1.633847", "text": "sisters were Margarita, Theodora, Cecilie, and Sophie. He was baptised into the Greek Orthodox Church. His godparents were his paternal grandmother Queen Olga of Greece and Alexandros S. Kokotos, Mayor of Corfu. Shortly after Philip's birth, his maternal grandfather, Prince Louis of Battenberg, then known as Louis Mountbatten, Marquess of Milford Haven, died in London. Louis was a naturalised British citizen, who, after a career in the Royal Navy, had renounced his German titles and adopted the surname Mountbatten, an Anglicized version of Battenberg, during the First World War due to Anti-German sentiment in Great Britain. After visiting London for", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721644", "score": "1.6144968", "text": "Games\", and Sue Townsend's novel \"The Queen and I\". A fictionalised Philip (in his capacity as a World War II naval officer) is also a minor character in John Birmingham's \"Axis of Time\" series of alternate history novels. Forewords to: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, 10 June 1921), is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II. Philip was born into the Greek and Danish royal families. He was born in Greece, but his family was exiled from the country when he was an infant. After being educated", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1356561", "score": "1.5990285", "text": "titles (he was born a Prince of Greece and Denmark, being a male-line grandson of King George I of Greece and male-line great-grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark) along with his rights to the Greek throne. In 1957, Philip became a Prince of the United Kingdom. Although the following individuals are in the line of succession to the Dukedom, they are also in line of succession to the throne. As a consequence, should one of the following individuals subsequently become king, the Dukedom of Edinburgh would cease to exist as it would merge with the Crown. It was announced", "title": "Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "9724966", "score": "1.586276", "text": "cargo cult. The people of the Yaohnanen area believe that Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, is a divine being. They had seen the respect accorded to Queen Elizabeth II by the colonial officials and concluded that her husband, Prince Philip, must be the son referred to in their legends. It is unclear just when this belief came about, but it was probably some time in the 1950s or 1960s. It was strengthened by the royal couple's official visit to Vanuatu in 1974, when a few villagers had the opportunity to actually see Prince Philip", "title": "Prince Philip Movement" }, { "id": "721607", "score": "1.5818013", "text": "baptised in the Greek Orthodox Church. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, wanted to \"regularise\" Philip's position by officially receiving him into the Church of England, which he did in October 1947. The day preceding his wedding, King George VI bestowed the style of \"Royal Highness\" on Philip and, on the morning of the wedding, 20 November 1947, he was made the Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich of Greenwich in the County of London. Consequently, being already a Knight of the Garter, between 19 and 20 November 1947 he bore the unusual style His Royal Highness", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721592", "score": "1.5803578", "text": "he served with distinction in the Mediterranean and Pacific Fleets. After the war, Philip was granted permission by King George VI to marry Elizabeth. Before the official announcement of their engagement in July 1947, he abandoned his Greek and Danish royal titles and became a naturalised British subject, adopting the surname Mountbatten from his maternal grandparents. He married Elizabeth on 20 November 1947. Just before the wedding, he was created Baron Greenwich, Earl of Merioneth and Duke of Edinburgh. Philip left active military service when Elizabeth became monarch in 1952, having reached the rank of commander, and was formally made", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721598", "score": "1.5661938", "text": "French, and German. Philip, who in his youth was known for his charm, was linked to a number of women including Osla Benning. Philip was first educated at The Elms, an American school in Paris run by Donald MacJannet, who described Philip as a \"know it all smarty person, but always remarkably polite\". In 1928, he was sent to the United Kingdom to attend Cheam School, living with his maternal grandmother, Victoria Mountbatten, Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, at Kensington Palace and his uncle, George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, at Lynden Manor in Bray, Berkshire. In the next", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1145739", "score": "1.5658221", "text": "on two stamps with HMS \"Herald\", issued by Saint Helena. Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Andrew, Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward, born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne; he is seventh in line. He holds the rank of commander and the honorary rank of Vice Admiral (as of February 2015) in the Royal Navy, in which", "title": "Prince Andrew, Duke of York" }, { "id": "721605", "score": "1.5645368", "text": "returned to the United Kingdom on the \"Whelp\", and was posted as an instructor at HMS \"Royal Arthur\", the Petty Officers' School in Corsham, Wiltshire. In 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth toured the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. During the visit, the Queen and Earl Mountbatten asked Philip to escort the King's two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, who were Philip's third cousins through Queen Victoria, and second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark. Elizabeth fell in love with Philip and they began to exchange letters when she was thirteen. Eventually, in the summer of 1946, Philip", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1382318", "score": "1.5627315", "text": "Philip, served in the British navy during World War II, while all four of his daughters were married to Germans, three of whom had Nazi connections. Separated from his wife and son by the effects of the war, Andrew died in Monte Carlo in 1944. He had seen neither of them since 1939. Prince Andrew was born at the Tatoi Palace just north of Athens on February 2, 1882, the fourth son of George I of Greece. He was taught English by his caretakers as he grew up, but in conversations with his parents he refused to speak anything but", "title": "Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark" }, { "id": "721606", "score": "1.5617542", "text": "asked the King for his daughter's hand in marriage. The King granted his request, provided that any formal engagement be delayed until Elizabeth's twenty-first birthday the following April. By March 1947, Philip had abandoned his Greek and Danish royal titles, had adopted the surname Mountbatten from his mother's family, and had become a naturalised British subject. The engagement was announced to the public on 10 July 1947. Though Philip appeared \"always to have regarded himself as an Anglican\", and he had attended Anglican services with his classmates and relations in England and throughout his Royal Navy days, he had been", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "721593", "score": "1.560873", "text": "a British prince in 1957. Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II have four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. Through a British Order in Council issued in 1960, descendants of Philip and Elizabeth not bearing royal styles and titles can use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor, which has also been used by some members of the royal family who do hold titles, such as Prince Andrew, Princess Anne and Prince Edward. A keen sports enthusiast, Philip helped develop the equestrian event of carriage driving. He is a patron, president or member of over 780 organisations and serves as", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" }, { "id": "1149819", "score": "1.5553272", "text": "his own charities. In particular he has assumed many duties from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, who has been reducing some commitments due to his age. Prince Edward succeeded Prince Philip as president of the Commonwealth Games Federation (vice-patron since 2006) and opened the 1990 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. He has also taken over the Duke's role in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme. Prince Edward was born on 10 March 1964, at Buckingham Palace, London, as the third son, and the fourth and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and", "title": "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex" }, { "id": "721594", "score": "1.5538425", "text": "chairman of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award for people aged 14 to 24. He is the longest-serving consort of a reigning British monarch and the oldest-ever male member of the British royal family. Philip retired from his royal duties on 2 August 2017, at the age of 96, after having completed 22,219 solo engagements since 1952. Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark was born in Mon Repos on the Greek island of Corfu on 10 June 1921, the only son and fifth and final child of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. Philip's four elder", "title": "Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" } ]

[ "Dumb waiter lift", "Dumbwaiter", "dumbwaiters", "dumbwaiter", "dumbwaiter elevator", "Dumb Waiter", "Dumbwaiters", "dumb waiter lift", "mechanical dumbwaiter", "Dumbwaiter (elevator)", "dumwaiter", "dumb waiter", "Mechanical dumbwaiter", "Dumb waiter", "Dumwaiter", "Dumb-waiter" ]

[ { "id": "1870538", "score": "1.4785359", "text": "as to reach a restaurant or another lift's station. Moving walkways can also be found at chairlifts' entrances to help passengers in the boarding process. In the UK, inclined travelators are used in stores, including Asda, B&M Bargains, IKEA, Marks & Spencer, Morrisons, Sainsbury's, and Tesco. For example, Tesco in Aberystwyth uses six inclined travelators (three up, three down in a criss-cross layout) to transport shoppers and their trolleys between the store, the rooftop car park and the under-store car park). The concept of a megalopolis based on high-speed walkways is common in science fiction. The first works set in", "title": "Moving walkway" }, { "id": "506362", "score": "1.4740057", "text": "and small restaurants with delicatessen foods. Cantonese seafood restaurants (海鮮酒家, Pinyin: \"Hǎixiān Jiǔjiā\", pronounced in Cantonese as \"hoy seen jau ga\") typically use a large dining room layout, have ornate designs, and specialize in seafood such as expensive Chinese-style lobsters, crabs, prawns, clams, and oysters, all kept live in fish tanks until preparation. Some seafood restaurants may also offer dim sum in the morning through the early afternoon hours, as waiters announce the names of dishes while pushing steaming carts of food and pastries around the restaurant. These restaurants are also a popular place for weddings, banquets, and other special", "title": "Chinatown" }, { "id": "1935307", "score": "1.4634007", "text": "type of restaurant, and the action of going there as \"yum cha\". The ways in which dim sum is served has varied over the years. The traditional method, known as \"teoi ce\" (, \"push-cart\"), dates back to the early 1960s, when dim sum items were pre-cooked in advance in the kitchen and brought out into the dining area in baskets by the restaurant employees. These people are generally called \"fo gai\" (,\"staff\"); however, customers commonly address staff using the slang terms \"leng zai\" (, \"handsome guy\") or \"leng leui\"/\"leng jie\" (, \"pretty girl\" or \"pretty lady\"). Later on, pushable trolleys", "title": "Yum cha" }, { "id": "16460954", "score": "1.4495287", "text": "they would ascend narrow stairways to dining rooms on the second and third stories. A dumbwaiter was used to deliver food to the upper floors, and patrons paid the cashier in front after dining. In April 2012, the San Francisco Health Department ordered the restaurant closed for rodent activity (rat feces in the kitchen) and other food safety and fire code violations. The restaurant closed on April 20. The restaurant experienced lines out the door on its last day of operation. With Sam Wo closed, late-night dining in Chinatown came to an end, marking the end of a decline that", "title": "Sam Wo" }, { "id": "181959", "score": "1.4481127", "text": "the building built for feng shui reasons. A revolving restaurant located on the 62nd floor, called \"Revolving 66\", overlooks other tall buildings below and the harbour. It was originally called Revolving 62, but soon changed its name as locals kept calling it Revolving 66. It completes a 360-degree rotation each hour. Passengers take either office lifts (faster) or the scenic lifts (with a view) to the 56/F, where they transfer to smaller lifts up to the 62/F. The restaurant is now named The Grand Buffet. The building comprises several groups of lifts. Lobbies are on the 3rd and 17th floor,", "title": "Hopewell Centre (Hong Kong)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Chopsticks\n\nChopsticks ( or ; Pinyin: \"kuaizi\" or \"zhu\") are shaped pairs of equal-length sticks of Chinese origin that have been used as kitchen and eating utensils in most of East and Southeast Asia for over three millennia. They are held in the dominant hand, secured by fingers, and wielded as extensions of the hand, to pick up food.\n\nFirst used by the Chinese, chopsticks later spread to Tibet and other parts of Asia. Chopsticks have become more accepted in connection with Asian food in the West, especially in cities with significant Asian diaspora communities.\n\nChopsticks are smoothed, and frequently tapered. They are traditionally made of wood, bamboo, metal, ivory, and ceramics, and in modern days, increasingly available in non-traditional materials such as plastic, stainless steel, and even titanium. Chopsticks are often seen as requiring practice and skill to master to be used as an eating utensil. Although not as serious as before, in some countries it is often frowned upon if used incorrectly.", "title": "Chopsticks" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Elevator\n\nAn elevator or lift is a cable-assisted, hydraulic cylinder-assisted, or roller-track assisted machine that vertically transports people or freight between floors, levels, or decks of a building, vessel, or other structure. They are typically powered by electric motors that drive traction cables and counterweight systems such as a hoist, although some pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.\n\nIn agriculture and manufacturing, an elevator is any type of conveyor device used to lift materials in a continuous stream into bins or silos. Several types exist, such as the chain and bucket elevator, grain auger screw conveyor using the principle of Archimedes' screw, or the chain and paddles or forks of hay elevators. Languages other than English, such as Japanese, may refer to elevators by loanwords based on either \"elevator\" or \"lift\". Due to wheelchair access laws, elevators are often a legal requirement in new multistory buildings, especially where wheelchair ramps are not possible.\n\nHigh-speed elevators are elevators that move faster than regular elevators and are common in skyscrapers and towers.\n\nSome elevators can also travel horizontally in addition to the usual vertical motion.", "title": "Elevator" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Chinese inventions" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Conveyor system\n\nA conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transport of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transport for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. They also have popular consumer applications, as they are often found in supermarkets and airports, constituting the final leg of item/ bag delivery to customers. Many kinds of conveying systems are available and are used according to the various needs of different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys.", "title": "Conveyor system" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Fast food\n\nFast food is a type of mass-produced food designed for commercial resale, with a strong priority placed on speed of service. It is a commercial term, limited to food sold in a restaurant or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients and served in packaging for take-out/take-away. Fast food was created as a commercial strategy to accommodate large numbers of busy commuters, travelers and wage workers. In 2018, the fast food industry was worth an estimated $570 billion globally.\n\nThe fastest form of \"fast food\" consists of pre-cooked meals which reduce waiting periods to mere seconds. Other fast food outlets, primarily hamburger outlets such as McDonald's, use mass-produced, pre-prepared ingredients (bagged buns and condiments, frozen beef patties, vegetables which are prewashed, pre-sliced, or both; etc.) and cook the meat and french fries fresh, before assembling \"to order\".\n\nFast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by the drive-through. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating, or fast food restaurants (also known as \"quick service restaurants\"). Franchise operations that are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.\n\nMany fast foods tend to be high in saturated fat, sugar, salt and calories. Fast food has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, obesity, high cholesterol, insulin resistance conditions and depression. These correlations remain strong even when controlling for confounding lifestyle variables, suggesting a strong association between fast food consumption and increased risk of disease and early mortality.", "title": "Fast food" }, { "id": "9917121", "score": "1.4404702", "text": "Floating restaurant A floating restaurant is a vessel, usually a large steel barge, used as a restaurant on water. The \"Jumbo Kingdom\" at Aberdeen in Hong Kong is an example. Sometimes retired ships are given a second lease on life as floating restaurants. The former car ferry \"New York\", built in 1941, serves as DiMillo's in Portland, Maine. Another example is the train ferry , which served as a restaurant in Detroit. Plans for \"Lansdowne\" to continue in this capacity on the Buffalo, New York waterfront came to naught and she was scrapped in the summer of 2008. A third", "title": "Floating restaurant" }, { "id": "18669978", "score": "1.4382403", "text": "food. “Fu” is always hung inverted on the center of the door on purpose. The reason behind this is the superstition that the homonymy of the Mandarin words “inverted” (倒) and “arrival” (到) suggests the arrival of happiness and good fortune. Combined words, a non-existent word that encompasses parts of Chinese characters, is also very common. \"Chuntiao\" (春條) is a vertical or horizontal rectangle that carries two or four Chinese characters. Auspicious phases are expressed based on various contexts. For example, “Gōngxǐ fācái” 恭喜發財 is an ubiquitous phrase that wishes people to become affluent so it can be seen in", "title": "Fai chun" }, { "id": "265272", "score": "1.432157", "text": "had to work with others, never taking the lead as foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character \"ting\" could. Foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character \"lou\" (), or \"lou zihao\" () did the bulk of their business hosting banquets onsite by appointment. In addition, a smaller portion of the business was in serving different customers onsite on a walk-in basis. Occasionally, when catering at customers' homes, foodservice establishments of this category would only provide the few specialty dishes they were famous for. Foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character \"ju\" (), or \"ju", "title": "Beijing cuisine" }, { "id": "1996698", "score": "1.4183649", "text": "vat used to store water for fighting fires in the Forbidden City, and the carvings imitating the famous Nine-Dragon Wall. An indoor garden is constructed in the T3E waiting area, in the style of imperial gardens such as the Summer Palace. In T3C, a tunnel landscape of an underground garden has been finished with plants on each side so that passengers can appreciate them inside the mini-train. The T3 food-service area is called a \"global kitchen,\" where 72 stores provide food ranging from formal dishes to fast food, from Chinese to western, and from bakery goods to ice cream. Airport", "title": "Beijing Capital International Airport" }, { "id": "4294221", "score": "1.409878", "text": "center core would contain the building's elevators, kitchens, or other features. The restaurant itself would rest on a thin steel platform, with the platform sitting on top of a series of wheels connected to the floor of the structure. Alternatively, some designs, like one in Memphis, Tennessee, would have the platform mounted on tires. A motor would rotate the restaurant at less than one horsepower. The speed of rotation is noted to vary, depending on preference. It is believed that Emperor Nero had a rotating dining room in his palace Domus Aurea on the Palatine Hill with a magnificent view", "title": "Revolving restaurant" }, { "id": "2923822", "score": "1.4068389", "text": "evacuations to occur by means of a bridge connected between the two adjacent cabins. The main advantage of the Funifor system is its stability in high wind conditions owing to the horizontal distance between the two guide ropes comprising each track. In developing countries with rough terrain, simple hand-powered cable-cars may be used for crossing rivers. Examples include the \"tuin\" used in Nepal. An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel cable loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers, carrying a series of chairs. They", "title": "Aerial lift" }, { "id": "10360634", "score": "1.406635", "text": "Tail lift A tail lift (term used in the UK, also called a \"liftgate\" in North America) is a mechanical device permanently installed on the rear of a work truck, van, or lorry, and is designed to facilitate the materials handling of goods from ground level or a loading dock to the level of the vehicle bed, or vice versa. The majority of tail lifts are hydraulic or pneumatic in operation, although they can be mechanical, and are controlled by an operator using an electric relay switch. Using a tail lift can make it unnecessary to use machinery such as", "title": "Tail lift" }, { "id": "481051", "score": "1.406282", "text": "delivery or carryout and the fast food \"Express\" model. In China, Pizza Hut () used an altered business model, offering a fine-dining atmosphere with knives and forks and using an expanded menu catering to Chinese tastes. By 2008, Pizza Hut operated restaurants and delivery locations. That year, the company introduced \"Pizza Hut Express\", opening locations in Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou. The 160 restaurants were in 40 Chinese cities in 2005. As of 2015, Pizza Hut had 1,903 restaurants in China. Savio S. Chan (陳少宏, Pinyin: \"Chén Shàohóng\") and Michael Zakkour, authors of \"\", stated middle-class Chinese perceive Pizza Hut as", "title": "Pizza Hut" }, { "id": "4294220", "score": "1.4021027", "text": "Revolving restaurant A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is usually a tower restaurant eating space designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor. The revolving rate varies between one and three times per hour and enables patrons to enjoy a panoramic view without leaving their seats. Such restaurants are often located on upper stories of hotels, communication towers, and skyscrapers. Revolving restaurants are designed as a circular structure, with a platform that rotates around a core in the center. The", "title": "Revolving restaurant" }, { "id": "4294224", "score": "1.400941", "text": "a wall at the Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia. Revolving restaurant A revolving restaurant or rotating restaurant is usually a tower restaurant eating space designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor. The revolving rate varies between one and three times per hour and enables patrons to enjoy a panoramic view without leaving their seats. Such restaurants are often located on upper stories of hotels, communication towers, and skyscrapers. Revolving restaurants are designed as a circular structure, with", "title": "Revolving restaurant" }, { "id": "6931795", "score": "1.3922076", "text": "\"Hong Kong-style jau lau\" () outside Hong Kong. Traditional Chinese emphasize on the enjoyment of food. They like creating outstanding dishes that includes the fine tastes and attractive looks.[3] Food is usually being served in two ways, on big round plate or inside a steaming basket. For example, most of the dim sum are steamed in a bamboo basket, so Chinese restaurants always serve customers with dim sum directly in the basket. For the seafood restaurants or banquets, food like steamed shrimps or fried noodles are always being served in a big round plate where people can share the food", "title": "Cantonese restaurant" }, { "id": "367798", "score": "1.3898277", "text": "was available, and people ordered the entree they wanted from written menus. An account from 1275 writes of Hangzhou, the capital city for the last half of the dynasty: The restaurants in Hangzhou also catered to many northern Chinese who had fled south from Kaifeng during the Jurchen invasion of the 1120s, while it is also known that many restaurants were run by families formerly from Kaifeng. In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, thermopolia (singular \"thermopolium\") were small restaurant-bars that offered food and drinks to customers. A typical thermopolium had L-shaped counters in which large storage vessels were sunk, which", "title": "Restaurant" }, { "id": "12486214", "score": "1.3873641", "text": "to tall. Control panels at every stop mimic those found in passenger elevators, allowing calling, door control and floor selection. A special type of elevator is the paternoster, a constantly moving chain of boxes. A similar concept, called the manlift or humanlift, moves only a small platform, which the rider mounts while using a handhold seen in multi-story industrial plants. The scissor lift is yet another type of lift. These are usually mobile work platforms that can be easily moved to where they are needed, but can also be installed where space for counter-weights, machine room and so forth is", "title": "Elevator" }, { "id": "7393788", "score": "1.3864105", "text": "cafe-car selling light snacks, tea, coffee, beer etc. whilst conventional long-haul trains have full service restaurant cars. At many stations along the route, vendors will sell fruit, prepared food and instant noodles on the platforms during the stops for conventional trains. Hot-water is provided in almost every carriage for passengers to make tea or instant noodles. Smoking is generally not permitted in the accommodation or washroom areas of the trains but is allowed in the restaurant/cafe area and in the vestibules between the cars. On modern trains such as CRH or Beijing Suburban railway smoking is completely banned, with some", "title": "Passenger rail transport in China" }, { "id": "15574485", "score": "1.3849243", "text": "capacity of 300 kg. The \"Microlift\" range of dumb waiters has rated capacities of 50 kg and 100 kg, and is available in models designed for restricted headrooms and spaces. This includes a 'double decker' version, incorporating two cars in a single shaft. The company's escalator division produces escalators and moving walkways, which are available as horizontal or inclined units. Stannah has set up a nationwide network of 11 service branches in the United Kingdom to provide maintenance and repair for thousands of lifts, from all manufacturers. The company currently has more than 360 employees and provides maintenance for over", "title": "Stannah Lifts" } ]

[ "List of Brett Favre career achievements", "Brett favre", "Bret Farve", "Brett Favre", "Quarterback Favre", "brett favre", "Jet Favre", "Irvin Favre", "Brett Farve", "jet favre", "bret favre", "irvin favre", "Brett Lorenzo Favre", "Favregate", "quarterback favre", "brett farve", "bret farve", "list of brett favre career achievements", "brett lorenzo favre", "favregate", "Bret Favre" ]

[ { "id": "7678075", "score": "1.8369944", "text": "two seasons with the Vikings. In that time, he made an NFL-record 297 consecutive starts, 321 including the playoffs. Favre's eleven Pro Bowl invitations is the third most among quarterbacks in NFL history. He is the only player to win the Associated Press NFL Most Valuable Player Award three consecutive times, doing so from 1995 to 1997, and is one of only six quarterbacks to have won the award as well as the Super Bowl in the same season. He led teams to eight division championships, five NFC Championship Games, and two Super Bowl appearances: Super Bowl XXXI and Super", "title": "Brett Favre" }, { "id": "7678132", "score": "1.7915201", "text": "history, including the only quarterback to win three consecutive NFL most valuable player awards, first quarterback to defeat every one of the league's 32 franchises, and the first quarterback to win a playoff game over age 40. In addition, Favre set a number of college records with Southern Mississippi. Since first being named the starter of the Green Bay Packers before playing the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 27, 1992, Favre had never missed a game spanning over 18 consecutive seasons. He holds the record for the most consecutive starts by any player in the NFL with 297 (321 including playoffs),", "title": "Brett Favre" }, { "id": "4282822", "score": "1.7586877", "text": "He set an NFL record for most consecutive pass attempts (512) at home without an interception, and touchdown passes (41). Rodgers was voted the AP NFL Most Valuable Player for the 2014 season, receiving 31 votes, and was named NFC Offensive Player of the Year by the Kansas City Committee of 101 and Fed-Ex Air NFL Player of the Year. He was also named to the AP All-Pro team as the first quarterback, receiving 44 votes while runner-up Tony Romo received three. He was named to the Pro Bowl for the 2014 season. He was ranked as the second best", "title": "Aaron Rodgers" }, { "id": "19619487", "score": "1.747932", "text": "other AP awards, such as the AP NFL Offensive Player of the Year and AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year. The current AP NFL MVP is quarterback Tom Brady of the New England Patriots, who won the award for the third time after the 2017 NFL season. The AP has presented an award recognizing the NFL's top player since 1957. The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before the Super Bowl. The sportswriters", "title": "Associated Press NFL Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "2435485", "score": "1.746254", "text": "pass attempt, averaging nine. He also holds the record for the highest career winning percentage for an NFL starting quarterback, with 0.814. Graham was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. Having won seven championships in 10 seasons and reached the championship game in every year he played, Graham is regarded by sportswriters as one of the greatest winners of all time and one of the best professional quarterbacks ever to play the game. He never missed a game in his career. Graham wore number 60 for much of his career, but he was forced to change", "title": "Otto Graham" }, { "id": "394849", "score": "1.7336972", "text": "points and also scored an NFL-best 456 points, becoming the first team since the 1972 Miami Dolphins to score the most points in the league and allow the fewest. They set an NFL record with seven wins by at least 25 points. Favre won the NFL Most Valuable Player Award for the second straight season after throwing for 3,899 yards and an NFC record 39 touchdown passes during the 1996 regular season, with only 13 interceptions. His 39 touchdown passes was the third-highest total in league history at that time. Favre was also a good runner, ranking third on the", "title": "Super Bowl XXXI" }, { "id": "2435484", "score": "1.7318158", "text": "the final performance of a 10-year career in which Graham's team reached the championship each year and won seven. \"Nothing would induce me to come back\", he said later. He was the NFL's passing leader and Most Valuable Player in 1955. He also won the Hickok Belt, awarded to the best professional athlete of the year. Without Graham, the Browns floundered the following year and posted a 5–7 record, their first-ever losing season. The Browns' record with Graham as starting quarterback was 114–20–4, including a 9–3 record in the playoffs. He still holds the NFL career record for yards per", "title": "Otto Graham" }, { "id": "4690709", "score": "1.7291304", "text": "Marino, Dan Fouts, Drew Brees, Kurt Warner, Tom Brady, Philip Rivers, Warren Moon, Aaron Rodgers, Matt Ryan, Tony Romo, Ben Roethlisberger, and Carson Palmer as the only quarterbacks in NFL history to pass for more than 4,000 yards in three or more seasons during their careers. Green has the distinction of having three consecutive seasons with a QB rating of 90.0 or better. Green has started 80 consecutive games during his first five years with the Chiefs, a team record. Green's 2006 season was put in jeopardy by a severe concussion he suffered during on September 10, 2006, against the", "title": "Trent Green" }, { "id": "4444253", "score": "1.723977", "text": "award is currently held by running back Todd Gurley of the Los Angeles Rams, who received it for the 2017 NFL season after leading the league with 2,093 all-purpose yards. Every winner of the award has been either a running back or a quarterback, with the exception of Rice, who won twice as a wide receiver. Running backs have been awarded 26 times, followed by quarterbacks, with 19 awards. Of the 46 winners, 27 were also named the AP NFL Most Valuable Player in the same season. Since 2011, both awards have been given out at the annual NFL Honors", "title": "Associated Press NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "3034504", "score": "1.7179546", "text": "Giants franchise records for most passing yards, touchdown passes, and completed passes in a career. He led the Giants to victory in Super Bowls XLII and XLVI, defeating the New England Patriots in both games. Manning was named Most Valuable Player in each Super Bowl, becoming one of five players to have multiple Super Bowl MVP awards (Bart Starr and Terry Bradshaw also have two, Joe Montana three and Tom Brady four). Manning started 210 straight games from 2004 to 2017, the second-longest consecutive starts streak by a quarterback in NFL history. He is the seventh all-time leader in passing", "title": "Eli Manning" }, { "id": "3394632", "score": "1.7088914", "text": "record from 1975 through 1983. Starr was named the Most Valuable Player of the first two Super Bowls and during his career earned four Pro Bowl selections. He won the league MVP award in 1966. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Packers Hall of Fame in 1977. Starr has the highest postseason passer rating (104.8) of any quarterback in NFL history and a postseason record of 9–1. His career completion percentage of 57.4 was an NFL best when he retired in 1972. Starr also held the Packers' franchise record for games played (196) for", "title": "Bart Starr" }, { "id": "2990089", "score": "1.7040842", "text": "his career with an interception percentage of 3.5%, almost as good as Aaron Brooks' 3.1%. Boomer Esiason was named to four Pro Bowl games (1986, 1988, 1989, 1993) and holds several NFL career records for left-handed quarterbacks, including most touchdown passes (247), passing yards (37,920), and completions (2,969). Esiason also led the AFC in passing in both 1988 and 1989. Among the awards Boomer Esiason has earned during his career include the NFL Most Valuable Player Award in 1988 (leading the league with a quarterback rating of 97.4), and the Walter Payton Man of the Year Award in 1995 for", "title": "Boomer Esiason" }, { "id": "394978", "score": "1.7037065", "text": "game and threw just 11 passes. But in 1999, he experienced one of the most spectacular seasons ever by a quarterback, recording a passer rating of 109.2, completing 65.1 percent of his passes for 4,353 yards, 41 touchdowns, and just 13 interceptions, and earning the NFL Most Valuable Player Award. Warner was not the only Rams player compiling significant statistics, though. Running back Marshall Faulk, in his first year in St. Louis after spending five seasons with the Indianapolis Colts, won the NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award. He scored 12 touchdowns, rushed for 1,381 yards, and recorded a", "title": "Super Bowl XXXIV" }, { "id": "2527997", "score": "1.7004733", "text": "is considered to be one of the greatest NFL quarterbacks of all time. He was named the NFL's most valuable player a record five times (four times as a Colt, once as a Bronco), was named to the Pro Bowl a record 14 times and named a first-team All-Pro seven times. As a starter up to the end of 2015 season, he had a career winning percentage of .702 in the regular season. He holds the NFL record for career touchdown passes and career passing yards, achieved in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The most commonly cited criticism of Manning's professional", "title": "Peyton Manning" }, { "id": "2158308", "score": "1.6986991", "text": "League Most Valuable Player Award for the season by UPI and TSN, with Joe Namath being named MVP by AP. It was in Oakland that Lamonica's passing acumen earned him the nickname \"the Mad Bomber,\" though his accuracy was sometimes suspect, as indicated by the fact that as a Raider starter from 1967 to 1972, his best completion average was only 53.0% (in 1972), though it may be argued that was because his passes were so very long. Lamonica holds the NFL record for most passing yards in a season without a single fumble (2,516 yards in 1970). On September", "title": "Daryle Lamonica" }, { "id": "6499030", "score": "1.6979604", "text": "over 60% of his passes for 13 straight seasons (1995–2007), the first quarterback in NFL history to do this. Johnson eclipsed the 3,000-yard passing mark five times. In 1999, he became only the second Washington Redskins quarterback in franchise history to eclipse 4,000 yards. He had the top passer rating in the NFC in 2002 and he has earned NFC Offensive Player of the Week honors seven times in his career. He has also broken almost every passer record at Tampa Bay. To date, Johnson and Marcus Mariota are the only NFL quarterbacks to have thrown touchdown passes to themselves", "title": "Brad Johnson (American football)" }, { "id": "2071597", "score": "1.6978362", "text": "Brady for most wins by a starting quarterback. He finished his career with 774 rushing attempts, currently third in league history behind Randall Cunningham (775) and Michael Vick (873). Elway's 3,407 rushing yards ranks sixth all-time among NFL QB's behind Cunningham, Vick, Steve Young, Fran Tarkenton, and Steve McNair. Elway threw for 1,128 yards in his five Super Bowls, fourth most behind Tom Brady, Kurt Warner, and Joe Montana. His 76 Super Bowl pass completions rank fifth, and his 152 attempts were a Super Bowl record before being broken by Tom Brady. He is one of only two players ever", "title": "John Elway" }, { "id": "3220872", "score": "1.6904461", "text": "yards, one touchdown, and two interceptions. Roethlisberger set an NFL rookie record in 2004 with five comeback wins in the fourth quarter, and six game-winning drives in the fourth quarter/overtime (including one playoff game). Roethlisberger has the most comeback wins (19) and game-winning drives (25) through the first seven seasons of a player's career. He is the only quarterback in NFL history to reach 20 comeback wins before the age of 30. In his eleven seasons, Roethlisberger has many individual accomplishments that are record performances in Steelers history. On October 11, 2012, he passed Terry Bradshaw for most passing yards", "title": "Ben Roethlisberger" }, { "id": "9642011", "score": "1.6902384", "text": "drive with a pass to the outside of the endzone to Donald Lee, and then followed it up with a 10-yard pass to Donald Driver by the goalpost for a score after the Giants fumbled the ensuing kickoff deep in their own territory. In the victory, Brett Favre threw for 286 yards and 3 touchdowns and gave him his 149th career win as a starter, the most by any quarterback in NFL history, surpassing John Elway. Favre was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for games played September 16–17. Mike McCarthy was voted the Motorola NFL Coach of the", "title": "2007 Green Bay Packers season" }, { "id": "2435462", "score": "1.6900616", "text": "been surpassed in the modern era, he still holds the NFL record for career average yards gained per pass attempt, with 8.98. He also holds the record for the highest career winning percentage for an NFL starting quarterback, at 0.814. Long-time New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner, a friend of Graham's, once called him \"as great of a quarterback as there ever was.\" Graham grew up in Waukegan, Illinois, the son of music teachers. He entered Northwestern University in 1940 on a basketball scholarship, but football soon became his main sport. After a brief stint in the military at the", "title": "Otto Graham" } ]

[ "princeton usa in 2001", "Princeton, USA in 2001" ]

[ { "id": "2404364", "score": "1.7906086", "text": "originally named the \"Nations Cup\" and opposed by FISA. In 2002 the name was changed to the \"World Rowing U23 Regatta\" and further changed to \"World Rowing U23 Championships\" in 2005. First held in 2006. World Rowing, in partnership with Concept2, USRowing and the Erg Sprints organising committee of Alexandria, Virginia, USA, are pleased to announce the first World Rowing Indoor Championships to be staged in Alexandria from 17 to 18 February 2018. Held since 1973, this event is for rowers 27 years of age or over. Men and women compete in age categories ranging from \"A\" (27 to 35)", "title": "International Rowing Federation" }, { "id": "4054942", "score": "1.780412", "text": "World Rowing Cup The World Rowing Cup is an international rowing competition organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It first began in 1997 and comprises three regattas (apart from in 2001 when there were four) held throughout early summer. In each event points are awarded to the top seven finishing boats and an overall winner determined after the last world cup regatta each year. During the regattas the current leader in each event must wear yellow bibs. The World Rowing Cup has only been staged outside Europe on 3 occasions, in 2001 Princeton and in both 2013 and 2014", "title": "World Rowing Cup" }, { "id": "18653365", "score": "1.77352", "text": "countries had nominated women: Great Britain, France, Holland and Denmark. The congress decided that \"international regattas for women should be held each year under the auspices of FISA, if possible as part of the European championships, either on the day before them or after them, but on no account during the actual championships.\" Until the hiatus of the European Championships in 1973, the event for women was always held before the event for men, and in two years, the women's championships were held in different locations: in 1955 (when the men met in Ghent and the women met in Bucharest)", "title": "Women's rowing" }, { "id": "20520578", "score": "1.7445223", "text": "countries, including England, were then asked whether they could host the championships instead. With only a few months to go, the decision was made in April 1966 to hold the championships at the Bosbaan, the same venue that was used for the 1964 championships. For the first time since 1955, FISA allowed separate German crews to compete; in the intervening years, East and West Germany had to have selection trials to determine which rowers would start in the various boat classes. The 13 countries represented at the Bosbaan were Bulgaria, Great Britain, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, the Soviet", "title": "1966 European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "2404365", "score": "1.7264594", "text": "to \"K\" (85 and older). The largest annual international regatta, in 2013 it attracted approximately 3500 competitors who competed in 440 races over four days. There are also events for mixed crews - where half the crew is men and half women (excluding cox). The 2010 regatta took place in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, 2011 in Poznan Poland, 2012 in Duisburg Germany, 2013 in Varese Italy, 2014 in Ballarat Australia, 2015 in Hazewinkel Belgium, and 2016 in Copenhagen Denmark. The 2017 regatta will be in Bled Slovenia, 2018 in Sarasota USA, and 2019 in Lake Valence Hungary. A new idea", "title": "International Rowing Federation" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1896 Summer Olympics\n\nThe 1896 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad () and commonly known as Athens 1896 (), was the first international Olympic Games held in modern history. Organised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which had been created by French aristocrat Pierre de Coubertin, it was held in Athens, Greece, from 6 to 15 April 1896.\n\nFourteen nations (according to the IOC, though the number is subject to interpretation) and 241 athletes (all males; this number is also disputed) took part in the games.<ref name=\":0\" /> Participants were all European, or living in Europe, with the exception of the United States team. Over 65% of the competing athletes were Greek. Winners were given a silver medal, while runners-up received a copper medal. Retroactively, the IOC has converted these to gold and silver, and awarded bronze medals to third placed athletes. Ten of the 14 participating nations earned medals. The United States won the most gold medals, 11, while host nation Greece won the most medals overall, 47. The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spyridon Louis. The most successful competitor was German wrestler and gymnast Carl Schuhmann, who won four events.\n\nAthens had been unanimously chosen to stage the inaugural modern Games during a congress organised by Coubertin in Paris on 23 June 1894, during which the IOC was also created, because Greece was the birthplace of the Ancient Olympic Games. The main venue was the Panathenaic Stadium, where athletics and wrestling took place; other venues included the Neo Phaliron Velodrome for cycling, and the Zappeion for fencing. The opening ceremony was held in the Panathenaic Stadium on 6 April, during which most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organising committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the Games. Afterwards, nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras, with words by poet Kostis Palamas.\n\nThe 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success. The Games had the largest international participation of any sporting event to that date. The Panathenaic Stadium overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event. After the Games, Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures, including Greece's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens, to hold all the following Games in Athens. However, the 1900 Summer Olympics were already planned for Paris and, except for the Intercalated Games of 1906, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the 2004 Summer Olympics, 108 years later.", "title": "1896 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "World Freshwater Angling Championships\n\nThe World Freshwater Angling Championships is a freshwater angling competition. Participating countries fish in teams of six with titles awarded to the team with the highest aggregate weight and for the highest individual weight. Since its inception in 1954, the competition has been staged on rivers, canals and still waters from a selected host nation. Currently (to 2021), the world championships have not been held outside of Europe. \n\nThe 68th event was held in September 2022 at Bilje, in Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Held at Lake Biljsko Jezero which holds prussian carp, dwarf catfish, grass carp, catfish, asp, bighead, red perch, silver bream, ide and carassius. First-time world champions were Serbia, with Italy in second place and Czech Republic in third.<ref name=\"2022-team\"/> and the individual new world champion was Mihael Pongrac of Croatia.<ref name=\"2022-ind\"/>", "title": "World Freshwater Angling Championships" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tournament\n\nA tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses:\n\nThese two senses are distinct. All golf tournaments meet the first definition, but while match play tournaments meet the second, stroke play tournaments do not, since there are no distinct matches within the tournament. In contrast, association football leagues like the Premier League are tournaments in the second sense, but not the first, having matches spread across many venues over a period of up to a season. Many tournaments meet both definitions; for example, the Wimbledon tennis championship. Tournaments \"are temporally demarcated events, participation in which confers levels of status and prestige amongst all participating members\".\n\nA tournament-match (or tie or fixture or heat) may involve multiple game-matches (or rubbers or legs) between the competitors. For example, in the Davis Cup tennis tournament, a tie between two nations involves five rubbers between the nations' players. The team that wins the most rubbers wins the tie. In the later rounds of UEFA Champions League, each fixture is played over two legs. The scores of each leg are added, and the team with the higher aggregate score wins the fixture, with a penalty shoot-out used if the scores are level after both matches conclude.", "title": "Tournament" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Summer Olympic Games\n\nThe Summer Olympic Games (), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inaugural Games took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and the most recent edition was held in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is responsible for organising the Games and for overseeing the host city's preparations. The tradition of awarding medals began in 1904; in each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals for second place, and bronze medals for third place. The Winter Olympic Games were created out of the success of the Summer Olympic Games, which are regarded as the largest and most prestigious multi-sport international event in the world.\n\nThe Summer Olympics have increased in scope from a 42-event competition programme in 1896 with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 different nations, to 339 events in 2021 with 11,420 competitors (almost half of whom were women) from 206 nations. The Games have been held in nineteen different countries over five continents: four times in the United States (1904, 1932, 1984, and 1996); three times in Great Britain (1908, 1948, and 2012); twice each in Greece (1896 and 2004), France (1900 and 1924), Germany (1936 and 1972), Australia (1956 and 2000), and Japan (1964 and 2020); and once each in Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), the Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italy (1960), Mexico (1968), Canada (1976), the Soviet Union (1980), South Korea (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), and Brazil (2016).\n\nLondon was the first city to host the Summer Olympic Games three times. , Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo have each hosted twice; Paris will host for the third time in 2024, followed by Los Angeles which will host the Games in 2028. Only five countries have participated in every Summer Olympic Games: Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland. Great Britain is the only country to have won a gold medal at every edition of the Games. The United States leads the all-time medal count at the Summer Olympics, and has topped the medal table on 18 separate occasions—followed by the USSR (six times), and France, Great Britain, Germany, China, and the ex-Soviet 'Unified Team' (once each).", "title": "Summer Olympic Games" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1904 Summer Olympics\n\nThe 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 29 August to 3 September 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from 1 July to 23 November 1904, located at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.\n\nTensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 62 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.", "title": "1904 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "15592496", "score": "1.7225771", "text": "Windsor Castle, west of London. The venue has eight lanes and is 2,200 m in length with a capacity of 30,000 spectators. Each competing nation may qualify one boat for each of the fourteen events. The majority of qualification places were awarded based on results at the 2011 World Championships, held at Lake Bled, Slovenia, in August and September. Places are awarded to National Olympic Committees, not the specific athletes, finishing in the top 11 of men's events and top seven to nine of women's events, except in the eights where the first seven in the men's event and first", "title": "Rowing at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "4054943", "score": "1.7039478", "text": "Sydney. From 1990 to 1995, the World Rowing Cup was a competition for single scullers. At three to six international regattas during one season, points for a total rating and cash prizes could be won. The World Rowing Federation wanted to better market its sport and increase sponsorship income through improved TV-presence. These goals were missed, which ultimately led to the termination of this form of the World Cup after the 1995 season. The World Rowing Cup is an annual series of three regattas that act as a lead-up to the World Rowing Championships. Racing at the World Rowing Cup", "title": "World Rowing Cup" }, { "id": "20805327", "score": "1.6985352", "text": "April 2013, a committee of International Rowing Federation (FISA) officials visited the city in Florida and they went to Plovdiv the following month. It was then noted that Plovdiv had hosted the 2012 World Rowing Championships and that the bid documentation for 2017 had not been finalised. Before the next FISA congress, the bid from Plovdiv was changed to apply for the 2018 hosting rights. At the FISA congress held on 2 September 2013, hosting rights were assigned by unanimous decision for World Rowing Championships to Sarasota for 2017, Plovdiv for 2018, and Plovdiv for the 2015 World Rowing U23", "title": "2018 World Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "4060410", "score": "1.6962881", "text": "four was added the year after. The next change after that was the inclusion of women's rowing. In 2007, when the European Rowing Championship was re-introduced, there were 14 Olympic boat classes racing over 2,000m. Historically the leading European nations, notably Great Britain and Germany, had taken a haphazard approach to attending the championships. Following the 2012 Summer Olympics, however, both fully committed to the event going forward, and from that date, the championships have progressed rapidly to represent one of the key events in world rowing; given the historic and modern strength of European rowing, they rank behind only", "title": "European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "7640895", "score": "1.695441", "text": "and the Under 18 crews from the North Island and the South Island are selected annually to compete against one another. Rowing New Zealand hosted the 2010 World Championship Regatta at Lake Karapiro, 12–19 September. New Zealand secured the rights to hold the 39th World Rowing Championship in 2006 and, in doing so, became one of only a handful of world rowing nations that have held more than one championship. At the official Closing Ceremony, FISA President Denis Oswald said: \"I praise the Organising Committee for having staged such an outstanding event and I include all members of the Organising", "title": "Rowing New Zealand" }, { "id": "7640894", "score": "1.6950777", "text": "level of competition, either at the Olympic Games, World Championships or the Rowing World Cup. While the Olympics are held once every four years, the World Championships are held every year. The Rowing World Cup comprises 3 regattas held each year and overall winners are determined by points that are awarded to the top finishing boats at each event. The Under 23 National Team competes at the Under 23 World Championship regatta each year while the Under 21 National Team competes at the Youth Cup Regatta in Australia. The Junior National Team competes at the Junior World Championships each year", "title": "Rowing New Zealand" }, { "id": "347765", "score": "1.6939572", "text": "three World Rowing Cups in which each event earns a number of points for a country towards the World Cup title. Since 2008, rowing has also been competed at the Paralympic Games. Major domestic competitions take place in dominant rowing nations and include The Boat Race and Henley Royal Regatta in the United Kingdom, the Australian Rowing Championships in Australia, the Harvard–Yale Regatta and Head of the Charles Regatta in the United States, and Royal Canadian Henley Regatta in Canada. Many other competitions often exist for racing between clubs, schools, and universities in each nation. While rowing, the athlete sits", "title": "Rowing (sport)" }, { "id": "20609678", "score": "1.6915216", "text": "Olympic Games were held in Helsinki, and whenever the Olympic Games were held in Europe the European Rowing Championships would be skipped. The same four countries competed in Amsterdam in the same four boat classes. 1951 European Rowing Championships The 1951 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Mâcon regatta course on the Saône in Mâcon, France. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). The regatta is notable as the first test event for international women's rowing organised by the International Rowing Federation (FISA), with four countries competing in four", "title": "1951 European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "13753470", "score": "1.6885834", "text": "(2 boats each), and New Zealand and Portugal (1 boat each). 1962 World Rowing Championships The 1962 World Rowing Championships were the inaugural world championships in rowing. The competition was held in September 1962 on the Rotsee in Lucerne, Switzerland. Rowers from West Germany dominated the competition, winning five of the seven boat classes. The Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron (FISA) decided in 1961 that, like at the Olympics, rowers from the whole world should compete for a championship title; thus far, they had only organised the European Rowing Championships, although they were open to rowers from outside of Europe.", "title": "1962 World Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "20520591", "score": "1.6841459", "text": "the 1967 European Rowing Championships in Vichy, the International Rowing Federation (FISA) had decided that the 1969 Championships would be held on the Lake of Banyoles in Spain. Circumstances changed and the event moved to Austria. 1969 European Rowing Championships The 1969 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Wörthersee in the Austrian city of Klagenfurt. This edition of the European Rowing Championships was held from 5 to 7 September for women, and a few days later for men. Women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+), and 15 countries—including the United States—sent 47 boats.", "title": "1969 European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "2404363", "score": "1.682277", "text": "1997, the World Cup comprises three regattas held in early Summer. A week-long regatta held every year. During Olympic years, only non-Olympic boat classes race. Running since 1967, the Junior Championships is for those who are under 18 by the end of the current calendar year. During Olympic years it is held at the same time as the World Rowing Championships. First held in 1976, this regatta is for those too old for the Junior Championships but who do not turn 23 by the end of the current calendar year (previously categorised as \"Senior B\" by FISA). The event was", "title": "International Rowing Federation" }, { "id": "4060409", "score": "1.682157", "text": "first international races for women, but even then men's and women's events were held on different days, and in some years at different venues. On 27 May 2006 the FISA members voted to re-introduce a separate European Rowing Championships in its own right. In the first regatta there were only three events (men's single, coxed four and eight) and only ten entries. Races were 3,000 m long, except for singles – which were only 2,000 m. Coxed pair was first raced in the following year and double scull was added in 1898. Coxless pair was added in 1924 and coxless", "title": "European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "4060407", "score": "1.6807888", "text": "became an annual event. The European Championships were re-introduced in 2007 but with a narrower focus on Europe. The first regatta held as a European Rowing Championships was held in 1893 and these continued annually until 1913; the 1914 to 1919 events did not occur due to World War I. The annual schedule was next interrupted in 1928 when the Amsterdam Olympics were regarded as a replacement event; the 1920 Antwerp Olympics or the 1924 Paris Olympics had previously not been a reason for skipping the European Championships. The next time the Olympics were held in Europe, i.e. the 1936", "title": "European Rowing Championships" }, { "id": "4503676", "score": "1.6756141", "text": "competition into 2 separate days, with Beginners racing over a shorter course on one day, and Seniors racing on the longer course on the other. However, due to inclement weather, the event was cancelled. The event was again held in Peterborough in 2010, 2011 and 2012, and was due to be held there in 2013. However, due to flooding, the event was moved to Boston that year, with Newcastle topping the medal table. The 2014 event was cancelled due to bad weather, It was held in Boston again in 2015, with racing on Saturday only for the \"intermediate\" and \"championship\"", "title": "University rowing (UK)" }, { "id": "20520586", "score": "1.6739328", "text": "mid-October at the 1968 Summer Olympics. The International Rowing Federation (FISA) had trouble finding a willing host for the 1968 Championships. The matter had been discussed at the FISA congress held in conjunction with the 1967 European Rowing Championships in Vichy. At that same meeting, East Germany had its membership status elevated from associate to ordinary. Delighted with the new status, the president of the East German rowing association, , volunteered to check whether his country could host the championships, and the eventual answer was positive. The chosen venue was the Grünau Regatta Course, which had previously been used for", "title": "1968 European Rowing Championships" } ]

[ "South American continent", "South amerika", "s america", "Aouth america", "South American capital cities", "South America (region)", "Southamerican", "South Americans", "América do Sul", "list of national capitals in south america", "aouth america", "américa do sul", "south america continent", "southamerica", "southamerican", "southamericans", "South american capital cities", "south american capital cities", "South-America", "South American", "America do Sul", "tourism in south america", "South america", "Southern America", "south america", "Tourism in South America", "S. America", "List of national capitals in South America", "america do sul", "South America (continent)", "South Amerika", "prehistory of south america", "south american continent", "south amerika", "Prehistory of South America", "Southamerica", "south american", "South Americas", "South-American", "south america region", "southern america", "South America", "Southamericans", "south americans", "south americas" ]

[ { "id": "11683829", "score": "1.5156865", "text": "support personnel. Dufek gave considerable assistance to the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955–58, led by Vivian Fuchs, which on 19 January 1958 became the first party to reach the pole overland since Scott. Farthest South Farthest South was the most southerly latitudes reached by explorers before the conquest of the South Pole in 1911. Significant steps on the road to the pole were the discovery of lands south of Cape Horn in 1619, Captain James Cook's crossing of the Antarctic Circle in 1773, and the earliest confirmed sightings of the Antarctic mainland in 1820. From the late 19th century onward, the", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "11683783", "score": "1.5081888", "text": "Farthest South Farthest South was the most southerly latitudes reached by explorers before the conquest of the South Pole in 1911. Significant steps on the road to the pole were the discovery of lands south of Cape Horn in 1619, Captain James Cook's crossing of the Antarctic Circle in 1773, and the earliest confirmed sightings of the Antarctic mainland in 1820. From the late 19th century onward, the quest for Farthest South latitudes became in effect a race to reach the pole, which culminated in Roald Amundsen's success in December 1911. In the years before reaching the pole was a", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "12873069", "score": "1.4932873", "text": "Antarctic claims of three of the Commonwealth's members – Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom – are counted. If so, the southernmost point is the South Pole (by definition, 90°S), where those three claims (and those of other, non-Commonwealth, countries) meet. However, these claims are generally not recognised, except by some or all other claimants to Antarctica. If Antarctic claims are not included, Thule Island, in the British overseas territory of South Sandwich Islands, lies farthest south, at 59°27″00′S. These, still, are overseas territories of a Commonwealth member. Including only integral parts of members, the most southern point is", "title": "Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations" }, { "id": "11683803", "score": "1.4909024", "text": "27 January 1820, the Russian captain Fabian von Bellingshausen, in another Antarctic sector, had come within sight of the coast of what is now known as Queen Maud Land. He is thus credited as the first person to see the continent's mainland, although he did not make this claim himself. Bellingshausen made two circumnavigations mainly in latitudes between 60 and 67°S, and in January 1821 reached his most southerly point at 70°S, in a longitude close to that in which Cook had made his record 47 years earlier. In 1821 the American sealing captain John Davis led a party which", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "11683801", "score": "1.4869034", "text": "deep beyond the Antarctic Circle, and on 30 January 1774 reached 71°10'S, his Farthest South, but the state of the ice made further southward travel impossible. This southern record would hold for 49 years. In the course of his voyages in Antarctic waters, Cook had encircled the world at latitudes generally above 60°S, and saw nothing but bleak inhospitable islands, without a hint of the fertile continent which some still hoped lay in the south. Cook wrote that if any such continent existed it would be \"a country doomed by nature\", and that \"no man will venture further than I", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Farthest South\n\nFarthest South refers to the most southerly latitude reached by explorers before the first successful expedition to the South Pole in 1911. Significant steps on the road to the pole were the discovery of lands south of Cape Horn in 1619, Captain James Cook's crossing of the Antarctic Circle in 1773, and the earliest confirmed sightings of the Antarctic mainland in 1820. From the late 19th century onward, the quest for Farthest South latitudes became in effect a race to reach the pole, which culminated in Roald Amundsen's success in December 1911.\n\nIn the years before reaching the pole was a realistic objective, other motives drew adventurers southward. Initially, the driving force was the discovery of new trade routes between Europe and the Far East. After such routes had been established and the main geographical features of the Earth had been broadly mapped, the lure for mercantile adventurers was the great fertile continent of \"Terra Australis\" which, according to myth, lay hidden in the south. Belief in the existence of this supposed land of plenty persisted well into the 18th century; explorers were reluctant to accept the truth that slowly emerged, of a cold, harsh environment in the lands of the Southern Ocean.\n\nJames Cook's voyages of 1772–1775 demonstrated conclusively the likely hostile nature of any hidden lands. This caused a shift of emphasis in the first half of the 19th century, away from trade and towards sealing and whaling, and then exploration and discovery. After the first overwintering on continental Antarctica in 1898–99 (Adrien de Gerlache), the prospect of reaching the South Pole appeared realistic, and the race for the pole began. The British were pre-eminent in this endeavour, which was characterised by the rivalry between Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Shackleton's efforts fell short; Scott reached the pole in January 1912 only to find that he had been beaten by the Norwegian Amundsen.", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of countries by southernmost point\n\nThis is a list of countries by southernmost point on land. Where borders are contested, the southernmost point under the control of a nation is listed, excluding points within Antarctica and its outlying islands south of 60°S. Non-UN political entities and dependent territories are listed, but not ranked. \n", "title": "List of countries by southernmost point" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pole of inaccessibility\n\nA pole of inaccessibility with respect to a geographical criterion of inaccessibility marks a location that is the most challenging to reach according to that criterion. Often it refers to the most distant point from the coastline, implying a maximum degree of continentality or oceanity. In these cases, a pole of inaccessibility can be defined as the center of the largest circle that can be drawn within an area of interest without encountering a coast. Where a coast is imprecisely defined, the pole will be similarly imprecise.", "title": "Pole of inaccessibility" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Antarctica\n\nAntarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of .\n\nAntarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss.\n\nThe ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior of the continent. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers.\n\nAntarctica is governed by about 30 countries, all of which are parties of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System. According to the terms of the treaty, military activity, mining, nuclear explosions, and nuclear waste disposal are all prohibited in Antarctica. Tourism, fishing and research are the main human activities in and around Antarctica. During the summer months, about 5,000 people reside at research stations, a figure that drops to around 1,000 in the winter. Despite its remoteness, human activity has a significant impact on the continent via pollution, ozone depletion, and climate change.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition\n\nThe Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing of the Antarctic continent. After Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition in 1911, this crossing remained, in Shackleton's words, the \"one great main object of Antarctic journeyings\". Shackleton's expedition failed to accomplish this objective, but became recognized instead as an epic feat of endurance.\n\nShackleton had served in the Antarctic on the \"Discovery\" expedition of 1901–1904, and had led the \"Nimrod\" expedition of 1907–1909. In this new venture he proposed to sail to the Weddell Sea and to land a shore party near Vahsel Bay, in preparation for a transcontinental march via the South Pole to the Ross Sea. A supporting group, the Ross Sea party, would meanwhile establish camp in McMurdo Sound, and from there lay a series of supply depots across the Ross Ice Shelf to the foot of the Beardmore Glacier. These depots would be essential for the transcontinental party's survival, as the group would not be able to carry enough provisions for the entire crossing. The expedition required two ships: under Shackleton for the Weddell Sea party, and , under Aeneas Mackintosh, for the Ross Sea party.\n\n\"Endurance\" became beset—trapped in the ice of the Weddell Sea—before it was able to reach Vahsel Bay. It drifted northward, held in the pack ice, throughout the Antarctic winter of 1915. Eventually the ice crushed the ship, and it sank, stranding its complement of 28 men on the ice. After months spent in makeshift camps as the ice continued its northwards drift, the party used lifeboats that had been salvaged from the ship to reach the inhospitable, uninhabited Elephant Island. Shackleton and five other members of the group then made an open-boat journey in the , and were able to reach South Georgia. From there, Shackleton was eventually able to arrange a rescue of the men who had remained on Elephant Island and to bring them home without loss of life. The remarkably preserved wreck of \"Endurance\" was found on the seafloor in 2022.\n\nOn the other side of the continent, the Ross Sea party overcame great hardships to fulfill its mission. \"Aurora\" was blown from her moorings during a gale and was unable to return, leaving the shore party stranded without proper supplies or equipment. Although the depots were still able to be laid, three people died before the party was eventually rescued.", "title": "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition" }, { "id": "618451", "score": "1.4739599", "text": "to served to show that there was no land connection between New Zealand and Tierra del Fuego. Turning south again, Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle for the third time at before his progress was once again blocked by ice four days later at by . This point, reached on 30 January 1774, was the farthest south attained in the 18th century. With a great detour to the east, almost to the coast of South America, the expedition regained Tahiti for refreshment. In November 1774, Cook started from New Zealand and crossed the South Pacific without sighting land between 53° and", "title": "History of Antarctica" }, { "id": "11683808", "score": "1.47307", "text": "Morrell claimed to have reached 70°14'S, at which point he turned north because the ship's stoves were running short of fuel—otherwise, he says, he could have \"reached 85° without the least doubt\". After turning, he claimed to have encountered land which he described in some detail, and which he named New South Greenland. This land proved not to exist. Morrell's reputation as a liar and a fraud means that most of his geographical claims have been dismissed by scholars, although attempts have been made to rationalize his assertions. James Clark Ross's 1839–43 Antarctic expedition in HMS \"Erebus\" and HMS \"Terror\"", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "12774244", "score": "1.4660025", "text": "the farthest south attained in the 18th century. With a great detour to the east, almost to the coast of South America, the expedition regained Tahiti for refreshment. In November 1774, Cook started from New Zealand and crossed the South Pacific without sighting land between 53° and 57° S to Tierra del Fuego; then, passing Cape Horn on 29 December, he rediscovered Roché Island renaming it Isle of Georgia, and discovered the South Sandwich Islands (named \"Sandwich Land\" by him), the only ice-clad land he had seen, before crossing the South Atlantic to the Cape of Good Hope between 55°", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "12368934", "score": "1.4540622", "text": "Antarctica Antarctica ( or , ) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At , it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "id": "11683788", "score": "1.4502025", "text": "also been discovered on the Falkland Islands, suggesting the capacity for even longer sea journeys. While the natives of Tierra del Fuego were not capable of true oceanic travel, there is some evidence of Polynesian visits to some of the sub antarctic islands to the south of New Zealand, although these are further from Antarctica than South America. There are also remains of a Polynesian settlement dating back to the 13th century on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands. According to ancient legends, around the year 650 the Polynesian traveler Ui-te-Rangiora led a fleet of Waka Tīwai south until they", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "407901", "score": "1.4353828", "text": "which is the most northerly point of land on Earth. The southernmost point is the islands of Southern Thule, although they are sometimes considered part of Antarctica. The mainland of the Americas is the world's longest north-to-south landmass. The distance between its two polar extremities, the Boothia Peninsula in northern Canada and Cape Froward in Chilean Patagonia, is roughly . The mainland's most westerly point is the end of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska; Attu Island, further off the Alaskan coast to the west, is considered the westernmost point of the Americas. Ponta do Seixas in northeastern Brazil forms the", "title": "Americas" }, { "id": "12774245", "score": "1.4343314", "text": "and 60°. He thereby laid open the way for future Antarctic exploration by exploding the myth of a habitable southern continent. Cook's most southerly discovery of land lay on the temperate side of the 60th parallel, and he convinced himself that if land lay farther south it was practically inaccessible and without economic value. Voyagers rounding Cape Horn frequently met with contrary winds and were driven southward into snowy skies and ice-encumbered seas; but so far as can be ascertained none of them before 1770 reached the Antarctic Circle, or knew it, if they did. In a voyage from 1822", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "11683785", "score": "1.4294684", "text": "Southern Ocean. James Cook's voyages of 1771–74 demonstrated conclusively the likely hostile nature of any hidden lands. This caused a shift of emphasis in the first half of the 19th century, away from trade and towards sealing and whaling, and then exploration and discovery. After the first overwintering on continental Antarctica in 1898–99 (Adrien de Gerlache), the prospect of reaching the South Pole appeared realistic, and the race for the pole began. The British were pre-eminent in this endeavor, which was characterized by the rivalry between Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Shackleton's", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "11683789", "score": "1.4244642", "text": "reached \"a place of bitter cold where rock-like structures rose from a solid sea\". It is unclear from the legends how far south Ui-te-Rangiora penetrated, but it appears that he observed ice in large quantities. A shard of undated, unidentified pottery, reported as found in 1886 in the Antipodes Islands, has been associated with this expedition. Although Portuguese by birth, Ferdinand Magellan transferred his allegiance to King Charles I of Spain, on whose behalf he left Seville on 10 August 1519, with a squadron of five ships, in search of a western route to the Spice Islands in the East", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "12774236", "score": "1.4224756", "text": "the \"Terra Australis Incognita\" (\"Unknown Southern Land\"), a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics. The search for this great south land was a leading motive of explorers in the 16th and the early part of the 17th centuries. The Spaniard Gabriel de Castilla, who claimed having sighted \"snow-covered mountains\" beyond the 64° S in 1603, is recognized as the first explorer that discovered the continent of Antarctica, although he was ignored in his time. In 1606, Pedro Fernández de Quirós took possession for the king of Spain all of the lands he had discovered in Australia del Espiritu", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "11683791", "score": "1.418731", "text": "Magellan found a deep inlet which proved to be the strait he was seeking, later to be known by his name. Early in November 1520, as the squadron navigated through the strait, they reached its most southerly point at approximate latitude 54°S. This was a record Farthest South for a European navigator, though not the farthest southern penetration by man; the position was north of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, where there is evidence of human settlement dating back thousands of years. The first sighting of an ocean passage to the Pacific south of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes attributed", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "11683798", "score": "1.416343", "text": "latitude 56°30'S. They named these the Diego Ramirez Islands after the expedition's pilot. The islands remained the most southerly known land on earth until Captain James Cook's discovery of the South Sandwich Islands in 1775. Other voyages brought further discoveries in the southern oceans; in August 1592, the English seaman John Davis had taken shelter \"among certain Isles never before discovered\"—presumed to be the Falkland Islands. In 1675, the English merchant voyager Anthony de la Roché visited South Georgia (the first Antarctic land discovered); in 1739 the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Bouvet de Lozier discovered the remote Bouvet Island, and in 1772", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "19940034", "score": "1.4158822", "text": "history in this continent with a vehicle powered by renewable energies. He showed that, as in Greenland, it was possible to navigate the ice desert with a kite-driven vehicle. 'La Transantártica 2005-2006', in which he was accompanied by Juan Manuel Viu and Ignacio Oficialdegui, achieved an important global geographic milestone: the three Spaniards were the first in history to reach, on December 14, 2005, the Pole of Inaccessibility of the Southern Hemisphere, the most difficult point of access of the Antarctic continent because it is the furthest from the ocean, according to the new coordinates of the British Antarctic Survey.", "title": "Ramón Hernando de Larramendi" }, { "id": "11683786", "score": "1.4142766", "text": "efforts fell short; Scott reached the pole in January 1912 only to find that he had been beaten by the Norwegian Amundsen. In 1494, the principal maritime powers, Portugal and Spain, signed a treaty which drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and allocated all trade routes to the east of the line to Portugal. That gave Portugal dominance of the only known route to the east—via the Cape of Good Hope and Indian Ocean, which left Spain, and later other countries, to seek a western route to the Pacific. The exploration of the south began as", "title": "Farthest South" }, { "id": "11683784", "score": "1.4137356", "text": "realistic objective, other motives drew adventurers southward. Initially, the driving force was the discovery of new trade routes between Europe and the Far East. After such routes had been established and the main geographical features of the earth had been broadly mapped, the lure for mercantile adventurers was the great fertile continent of \"Terra Australis\" which, according to myth, lay hidden in the south. Belief in the existence of this supposed land of plenty persisted well into the 18th century; explorers were reluctant to accept the truth that slowly emerged, of a cold, harsh environment in the lands of the", "title": "Farthest South" } ]

[ "portier", "Portier" ]

[ { "id": "18614334", "score": "1.4835074", "text": "at 615 South Broadway, The Majestic Downtown at 650 South Spring Street acting as John Lowe's office, the Loews Hollywood Hotel at 1755 Highland Avenue filming The Ten Commandments Killer murder scene, and Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where scenes with Gaga and Bomer were shot. Also used was the house from the first season located at 1120 Westchester Place. O'Hare revealed that he had filmed three episodes by September 2015, with his scenes involving Bomer, Sevigny and Bates mostly. \"We're kind of doing it piecemeal. You'll do five days on this one, three days on that one. You know, they always", "title": "American Horror Story: Hotel" }, { "id": "15231937", "score": "1.4718788", "text": "French Laundry and Per Se and Daniel Patterson's Coi. Next (restaurant) Next is a restaurant in Chicago. It opened April 6, 2011. The restaurant received media interest due to chef Grant Achatz's success at his first restaurant, Alinea, as well as its unique \"ticketed\" format: Next sells pre-priced tickets for specific dates and times in a similar fashion to the way theater, concert and sporting event tickets are sold. Next is located in Chicago's historic Fulton Market, just north of the West Loop's \"Restaurant Row\" on Randolph Street. Next's operation also includes two on-site bars: The Aviary, previously headed by", "title": "Next (restaurant)" }, { "id": "9933958", "score": "1.4649346", "text": "tourists with luxurious edifices. Other famous buildings by Ross and Macdonald in Montreal include Holt Renfrew, the Montreal Neurological Institute, the downtown Eaton's building (now Complexe les Ailes), the Dominion Square Building and Trinity Memorial Church in Westmount. The interior was gutted and the exterior was cleaned and repaired in the late 1980s. The only internal remnant of the hotel is the ceiling of the big entrance lobby. This lobby has a huge chandelier taken from the Monte Carlo casino. The shopping area is organized around four large courts, hence the French name \"Les Cours\". Under the main skylight there", "title": "Les Cours Mont-Royal" }, { "id": "19361731", "score": "1.4387207", "text": "already owned the Broadway Theatre, another Burlesque theatre. Casino Theatre (Toronto) The Casino Theatre was a live theatre, in Toronto, at 87 Queen Street—the current site of Nathan Phillips Square. The structure was designed by architects Kaplan & Sprachman, who designed 21 other theatres in Toronto, and 48 elsewhere in Canada, was opened in 1936, and demolished in 1960. It seated almost 1,200 patrons. The theatre hosted well-known performers, such as Johnny Rae, Patti Page, Gene Nelson, Pearl Bailey, Phil Silvers, Abbott and Costello, Nat King Cole, Sammy Davis Jr., Mickey Rooney, Frankie Laine, Sally Rand, Gypsy Rose Lee, Rose", "title": "Casino Theatre (Toronto)" }, { "id": "5466664", "score": "1.4320701", "text": "his liaison for the next attack, within the second episode of the first season, entitled \"The Freelancer\". Numerous art galleries and other cultural organisations make their home on the Main, including La Centrale gallerie Powerhouse, Théâtre Espace Go, the Festival du Nouveau Cinéma, the Festival International Nuits d'Afrique, the Montreal Fringe Festival, Image & Nation Festival, the Society for Arts and Technology, and the Native Friendship Centre of Montreal. Many well-known music venues can also be found on the Main, including Casa del Popolo, Sala Rosa, Club Soda, Barfly, Jupiter Room, Club Lambi, The Academy Club and Divan Orange. Gastronomic", "title": "Saint Laurent Boulevard" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Circuit de Monaco\n\nCircuit de Monaco is a street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the Principality of Monaco. It is commonly, and even officially, referred to as \"Monte Carlo\" because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco.\n\nThe circuit is annually used on three weekends in April–May for Formula One Monaco Grand Prix, Formula E Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco. Formula One's respective feeder series over the years – Formula 3000, GP2 Series and today the Formula 2 championship and Porsche Supercup – also visit the circuit concurrently with Formula One. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the three events victories in which count towards the Triple Crown of Motorsport.", "title": "Circuit de Monaco" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "2014 Monaco GP2 Series round\n\nThe 2014 Monaco GP2 Series round was a pair of motor races held as part of the GP2 Series on 23 and 24 May 2014 at the Circuit de Monaco in Monte Carlo, Monaco. It was the third round of the 2014 GP2 Series and was run in support of the 2014 Monaco Grand Prix. The first event, a 40-lap feature race, was won by DAMS driver Jolyon Palmer who started from pole position. Mitch Evans finished second for Russian Time and Carlin's Felipe Nasr took third. Palmer's teammate Stéphane Richelmi won the shorter 30-lap sprint race from second the following day, ahead of Trident driver Sergio Canamasas and Rio Haryanto of Caterham Racing.\n\nPalmer won the pole position for the feature race by setting the fastest lap in qualifying but Evans made a brisk getaway to take the lead. Evans lost grip in his super soft compound tyres and Palmer overtook him for the lead at the start of lap 11. Palmer kept the lead for most of the remaining 29 laps to win the race with the first three finishers separated by six-tenths of a second. Richelmi started from pole position in the sprint race and held off Haryanto to lead into Sainte Devote. Richelmi withstood race-long pressure from Canamasas to achieve his maiden GP2 Series victory on his 54th attempt.\n\nThe results increased Palmer's advantage atop the Drivers' Championship to 46 points ober Nasr who gained second as a result of finishing second in the feature race. Johnny Cecotto Jr. passed Julián Leal, who scored no points in both races and fell to fourth. Arthur Pic was fifth with 40 points. DAMS now led the Teams' Championship with 135 points and Carlin were demoted to second with 30 less points. Trident and Campos were third and fourth with eight rounds left in the season.", "title": "2014 Monaco GP2 Series round" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1984 Monaco Grand Prix\n\nThe 1984 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 3 June 1984. It was race 6 of 16 in the 1984 FIA Formula One World Championship. It was the only race of the 1984 championship that was run in wet weather.\n\nDuring practice, Tyrrell's Martin Brundle had a huge crash at the Tabac corner. He landed upside down and was slightly injured, but it was enough to make him a non-qualifier for the race. Brundle later said that he ran back to the pits but was not allowed to get into the spare car as it was discovered he could not actually remember how he returned to the pits. Formula One medical chief Sid Watkins concluded Brundle was slightly concussed and the decision was made not to let him return to the track.", "title": "1984 Monaco Grand Prix" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1992 Monaco Grand Prix\n\nThe 1992 Monaco Grand Prix (formally the 50ème Grand Prix de Monaco) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 May 1992 at the Circuit de Monaco. It was the sixth race of the 1992 Formula One World Championship.\n\nThe 78-lap race was won by Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda. Drivers' Championship leader Nigel Mansell took pole position in his Williams-Renault and led until lap 71, when he suspected he had a puncture and made a pit stop for new tyres. He emerged behind Senna, closed up to the Brazilian and tried to find a way past but without success, Senna holding on to win by 0.2 seconds. It was Senna's fifth Monaco Grand Prix win, equalling the record set by Graham Hill.\n\nMansell's teammate Riccardo Patrese was third, half a minute behind, with the top six completed by the Benettons of Michael Schumacher and Martin Brundle and the Larrousse of Bertrand Gachot.", "title": "1992 Monaco Grand Prix" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1995 Monaco Grand Prix\n\nThe 1995 Monaco Grand Prix (formally the LIII Grand Prix de Monaco) was a Formula One motor race held on 28 May 1995 at the Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco. It was the fifth round of the 1995 Formula One season. The 78-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Benetton team after starting from second position. Damon Hill finished second for Williams after starting from pole position and leading the first 23 laps of the race, ahead of Gerhard Berger in a Ferrari car. The remaining points-scoring positions were filled by Johnny Herbert in the second Benetton, Mark Blundell (McLaren) and Heinz-Harald Frentzen (Sauber). Schumacher's win was his third of the season thus far and extended his lead in the World Drivers' Championship over Hill to five points. It was also Renault's first win in the Monaco Grand Prix, as Benetton's engine supplier.\n\nSchumacher won the race comfortably, over 30 seconds ahead of Hill. Hill's speed advantage in qualifying, in which he had set a lap time almost one second faster than Schumacher, vanished in the race, enabling Schumacher to follow him closely from the start, despite carrying a heavier fuel load for a one-stop pit strategy, as opposed to Hill's two. When Hill made his first pit stop, Schumacher took the lead, and stayed ahead of his rival for the remainder of the race. Hill also dropped behind the one-stopping Ferrari of Jean Alesi, but the latter crashed on lap 42 whilst attempting to avoid the lapped Ligier of Martin Brundle, who had spun in front of him. Hill's Williams teammate, David Coulthard, retired from the race due to a gearbox failure after initially running in third place. In total, sixteen of the 26 entrants failed to finish, including both drivers for the Simtek team, which subsequently ran out of money and withdrew from the sport before the Canadian Grand Prix. The race was also marked by an accident at the first corner of the first lap involving Coulthard, Alesi and Berger, which caused the track to become blocked and the race to be restarted as a result.", "title": "1995 Monaco Grand Prix" }, { "id": "3809366", "score": "1.4307036", "text": "San Marco, the Lion of Venice Column and the Column of Saint Theodore, St Mark's Campanile, and the Rialto Bridge. The design architects for this project were The Stubbins Associates and WAT&G. Interior design was provided by Wilson Associates and Dougall Associates for the casino. In October 2001, the Guggenheim Hermitage Museum opened within the resort, featuring its first collection. On June 27, 2003, the Venezia tower opened, adding 1,013 suites and a new wedding chapel. In October 2005, Blue Man Group officially opened at the Blue Man Theatre. On June 24, 2006, the show, \",\" opened at a new", "title": "The Venetian Las Vegas" }, { "id": "18786394", "score": "1.4289305", "text": "the Café Anglais on the Grands Boulevards, where the wealthy personalities of Balzac's novels would dine. The Second Empire had added more luxury restaurants, particularly in the center near the new grand hotels: Durand at the Madeleine; Voisin on the Rue Cambon and Rue Saint-Honoré; Magny on the Rue Mazet; Foyot near the Luxembourg Gardens; and Maire at the corner of the Boulevard de Strasbourg and Boulevard Saint-Denis, where lobster thermidor was invented. During the \"Belle Époque\", many more prestigious restaurants could be found, including Laurent, Fouquet's and the Pavillon de l'Élysée on the Champs-Élysées; the Tour d'Argent on the", "title": "Paris in the Belle Époque" }, { "id": "5468899", "score": "1.4288678", "text": "venue, is located on Saint Catherine Jeanne-Mance and Saint-Urbain streets, in the city's Quartier des Spectacles entertainment district. The street was once home to many now-abandoned cinemas such as the Loews, Palace, Capitol, Cinéma de Paris, York, Ouimetoscope and the Seville Theatre as well as the demolished Montreal Spectrum music venue. The street is also home to Christ Church Cathedral, the only church in Canada that sits atop a shopping mall, Promenades Cathédrale; another important church, Saint James United Church, has recently had its concealing façade of commercial buildings removed. Other churches on the street include St. James the Apostle", "title": "Saint Catherine Street" }, { "id": "11375914", "score": "1.4231477", "text": "and \"Sometime\" (1918). In the 1920s, the theatre was the home of several hit operettas, particularly \"The Vagabond King\" and \"The Desert Song\". Although the Casino had led the move uptown by the Broadway theatre district, by 1930, most of the theatres had moved even further north, to the West 40s. The last performance was the opera \"Faust\", in January 1930. Casino Theatre (New York City) The Casino Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 1404 Broadway, at West 39th Street in New York City. Built in 1882, it was a leading presenter of mostly musicals and operettas until it", "title": "Casino Theatre (New York City)" }, { "id": "7975765", "score": "1.4217339", "text": "Square Cafe, Gramercy Tavern, Blue Smoke and Jazz Standard, Shake Shack, The Modern, Cafe 2 and Terrace 5 at MoMA, Maialino at the Gramercy Park Hotel, Untitled at the Whitney Museum, North End Grill, Marta, Porchlight, GreenRiver, Union Square Events, and Hospitality Quotient. Union Square Events, USHG's catering division, operates several concessions at major sports facilities (Shake Shack, Blue Smoke, El Verano Taqueria, Box Frites, and Papa Rosso) including the Mets Citi Field, Saratoga Race Course, and Nationals Park, Washington, D.C. In 2010, Meyer participated in a documentary called \"The Restaurateur\". In late 2011, Union Square Hospitality group sold Eleven", "title": "Danny Meyer" }, { "id": "20600335", "score": "1.4214412", "text": "such as the Ritz Theatre, the Strande Theatre, and the Roosevelt Theatre . Likewise, many nightclubs and diners lit up the streets after dark, including Hayes Luncheonette, Mama's Restaurant, Nick's Pool Parlor, and Manuel's Taproom. When guests would come to visit the theaters and clubs, they would stay in nearby hotels, such as the Richmond Hotel (renamed Egmont Hotel) and Hotel de Dreme (renamed in the 1920s as the Wynn Hotel). The most prominent area of LaVilla for bohemians was Ashley Street. Due to the Richmond Hotel's location to Ashley Street, the Hotel was once a popular place to stay", "title": "Richmond Hotel" }, { "id": "9982861", "score": "1.4199781", "text": "Loews 175th Street Theatre was built as one of the Loew's Wonder Theatres, the company's five extravagant and spacious flagships throughout the New York City area. The other four theaters are Loew's Jersey in Jersey City (1929) and Loew's Kings in Brooklyn (1929), both now used as performing arts centers; and Loew's Paradise in the Bronx (1929) and Loew's Valencia in Queens (1929), both now used as churches. All five theaters featured identical \"Wonder Morton\" theatre pipe organs manufactured by the Robert Morton Organ Company of Van Nuys, California. Each organ featured a four-manual console and 23 ranks of pipes.", "title": "United Palace" }, { "id": "6114505", "score": "1.4178189", "text": "Blue Lights, Spider Kelly's, Moulin Rouge, Sahara Sands, and the Barbary Coast club with its iconic can-can dancer's leg neon sign. Bee and Ray Goman's Gay ‘90s was at 555 Pacific Avenue, which was the site of the Old Hippodrome (later as Moulin Rouge) dance hall from the Barbary Coast days. It is currently houses an art store, and its basement still displays an old tunnel from its past. During 1957 International Settlement received national exposure when a Frank Sinatra and Kim Novak film, \"Pal Joey\", was shot on that block. Within the film, Frank Sinatra plays an unemployed singer", "title": "International Settlement (San Francisco)" }, { "id": "4735753", "score": "1.4158905", "text": "Fremont Street. The four casinos making up the four corners are The Fremont, the Four Queens, the Golden Nugget, and Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel. Casino Center Boulevard is the only through street that passes under the canopy of the Fremont Street Experience. It passes between the Fremont and the Four Queens located on one side of the boulevard and The Golden Nugget and Binions located on the opposite side of the Boulevard. In 1959 Wayne Newton made his start in Las Vegas at the Fremont at its Carnival Lounge. Many scenes from the Jon Favreau and Vince Vaughn movie", "title": "Fremont Hotel and Casino" }, { "id": "13646410", "score": "1.4131346", "text": "Chevalier, Josephine Baker, Micheline Bernardini, Tino Rossi, Line Renaud, Shakin' Stevens, Carla Bruni, Violetta Villas, and Zizi Jeanmaire; writers who have contributed work have included Serge Gainsbourg and Jean Ferrat; Yves Saint Laurent designed for the Casino in the 1970s, and poster artists have included Erté and Jules Chéret. Casino de Paris The Casino de Paris, located at 16, rue de Clichy, in the 9th arrondissement, is one of the well known music halls of Paris, with a history dating back to the 18th century. Contrary to what the name might suggest, it is a performance venue, not a gambling", "title": "Casino de Paris" }, { "id": "7627097", "score": "1.4117427", "text": "During the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) repainted façades, renovated buildings, and improved landscaping in and around the park. In 1971, the pedestrian zone in the vicinity of Jackson Square was created, when three surrounding streets were closed to vehicular traffic — Chartres, St. Peter, and St. Ann. Early French colonial New Orleans was centered on what was then called the ( \"weapons' square\"). Under Spanish colonial administration in the second half of the 18th century, the name was Plaza de Armas. Following the Great New Orleans Fire of 1788, the Spanish officials rebuilt the St. Louis Church (elevated", "title": "Jackson Square (New Orleans)" }, { "id": "18618121", "score": "1.4102669", "text": "Polignac's gatherings continued to be important to avant-garde music. The circles of Madame de Noailles included Proust, Francis Jammes, Colette, Gide, Frédéric Mistral, Robert de Montesquiou, Paul Valéry, Cocteau, Pierre Loti, Paul Hervieu, and Max Jacob. During this period the music hall permanently replaced the café-chantant. People often went to the Casino de Paris, the Paris concert, the concert Mayol and the theater; spectacles, attractions, and songs occurred at a rapid pace. Artistic productions had a meteoric rise. Some of the best-known examples were American-influenced shows at the Casino de Paris -- \"Paris qui dance\" (1919), \"Cach' ton piano\" (1920),", "title": "Années folles" }, { "id": "18522029", "score": "1.4098701", "text": "Coupole\", a restaurant run by chef Didier Aniès which received one star in the Michelin Guide. In 2004, the building was renovated by architects Ivan Brico and Ange Pecoraro. In December 2007, the hotel closed down. In May 2008, 1,000 SBM employees stopped outside the former hotel during their demonstration to express their discontent at their allegedly poor working conditions. It was renovated by the construction firm J.B. Pastor & Fils from 2007 to 2010, and turned into a residential building. A green wall was added. The \"Club des Résidents Etrangers de Monaco\" (CREM) is headquartered in this building. Le", "title": "Le Mirabeau" }, { "id": "15127057", "score": "1.4052246", "text": "glass-enclosed lobby design and illuminated grand staircase flanked by see-through guest elevators) and public areas, the International Gift Shop, and District M – a European express cafe by day, a Neapolitan pizza bar and cocktail lounge by night. The hotel is seen during the musical number \"I'm a Brass Band\" in the 1969 movie \"Sweet Charity\". The former \"Hotel Manhattan\" sign with the giant neon \"M\" is visible behind Shirley MacLaine, as Charity Valentine, as she dances with the drummers during a scene shot on the New York Port Authority Bus Terminal's rooftop parking lot on the corner of West", "title": "Row NYC Hotel" }, { "id": "7314000", "score": "1.4047306", "text": "in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Many of these theaters in the South Village were, like the second Circle in the Square, built or altered from other types of existing structures. Designed by architect Alan Sayles, the present home of the company is one of two theatres in the Paramount Plaza office tower. Its much bigger sibling is the Gershwin Theatre. The theatre entrance lobbies are side by side but separated by a wall. It is designed to reflect the theatres of ancient Greece and Rome and is the only Broadway theatre that has a vomitorium, which is sometimes used", "title": "Circle in the Square Theatre" } ]

[ "silicon allee", "Berlin.de", "Berlin-Zentrum", "Federal State of Berlin", "UN/LOCODE:DEBER", "historical sites in berlin", "Berlin (Germany)", "berlin germany", "un locode deber", "Silicon Allee", "Spreeathen", "Berlib", "deber", "berlin", "Athens on the Spree", "berlin zentrum", "spreeathen", "land berlin", "Berlin", "city of berlin", "CityBerlin", "berlib", "DEBER", "athens on spree", "Capital of East Germany", "Berlin, Germany", "berlin de", "Cuisine of Berlin", "capital of east germany", "federal state of berlin", "cuisine of berlin", "City of Berlin", "cityberlin", "Land Berlin", "Historical sites in berlin" ]

[ { "id": "2382515", "score": "2.0509799", "text": "Tiergarten, Berlin Tiergarten (German for \"Animal Garden\", historically for \"Deer Garden\") is a locality within the borough of Mitte, in central Berlin (Germany). Notable for the great and homonymous urban park, before German reunification, it was a part of West Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, Tiergarten was also the name of a borough (Bezirk), consisting of the current locality (\"Ortsteil\") of Tiergarten (formerly called \"Tiergarten-Süd\") plus Hansaviertel and Moabit. A new system of road and rail tunnels runs under the park towards Berlin's main station in nearby Moabit. Once a hunting ground of the Electors of Brandenburg the \"Großer", "title": "Tiergarten, Berlin" }, { "id": "2382523", "score": "2.0464177", "text": "Column in front of a crowd of over 200,000 people. Covering , the \"Großer Tiergarten\" is the largest urban park of Berlin. Tiergarten, Berlin Tiergarten (German for \"Animal Garden\", historically for \"Deer Garden\") is a locality within the borough of Mitte, in central Berlin (Germany). Notable for the great and homonymous urban park, before German reunification, it was a part of West Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, Tiergarten was also the name of a borough (Bezirk), consisting of the current locality (\"Ortsteil\") of Tiergarten (formerly called \"Tiergarten-Süd\") plus Hansaviertel and Moabit. A new system of road and rail tunnels", "title": "Tiergarten, Berlin" }, { "id": "14112873", "score": "1.9088311", "text": "Tiergarten (park) The Tiergarten (formal German name: ) is Berlin’s most popular inner-city park, located completely in the district of the same name. The park is in size and is among the largest urban gardens of Germany. Only the \"Tempelhofer Park\" (previously Berlin's Tempelhof airport) and Munich's \"Englischer Garten\" are larger. The beginnings of the Tiergarten can be traced back to 1527. It was founded as a hunting area for the Elector of Brandenburg, and was situated to the west of the Cölln city wall, which was the sister town of Old Berlin. It also sat in the same vicinity", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "14112878", "score": "1.8447238", "text": "live within the Tiergarten. Refugees, Huguenots in hiding from the French, were allowed to erect tents and sell refreshments to the pedestrians walking through the park. A pheasant house was erected, which would later become the core of the Zoological Garden, a zoo founded in 1844 that lies within the greater Tiergarten. During the revolutions of 1848, the park hosted the first assembly demanding the abolishment of the national censors. At the end of the 18th century, Knobelsdorff's late-baroque form had been all but replaced by ideas for a new, scenic garden ideal. The castle park Bellevue and Rousseau Island", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "14112874", "score": "1.8290143", "text": "as the City Palace (\"Stadtschloss\"). In 1530 the expansion began; acres of land were purchased and the garden began to expand towards the north and west. The total area extended beyond the current Tiergarten, and the forests were perfect for hunting deer and other wild animals. The Elector of Brandenburg had wild animals placed within the Tiergarten, which was fenced off from the outside to prevent the creatures from escaping, and was the main hunting ground for the electors of Brandenburg. This hobby, however, began to fade away as the city of Berlin began to expand and the hunting area", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "8878996", "score": "1.8160485", "text": "Lainzer Tiergarten The Lainzer Tiergarten is a 24.50 km² (6,054-acre) wildlife preserve in the southwest corner of Vienna, Austria, 80% of it being covered in woodland. It dates back to 1561, when Ferdinand I of Austria created it as a fenced-in hunting ground for his family to use. Since 1919, it has been open to the public. Its name consists of its location by the Lainz district of Vienna's 13th District, and \"Tiergarten\", which means zoo (literally, \"animal garden\"). The Lainzer Tiergarten is located mostly in Vienna's 13th district, with a small adjacent portion lying in Laab im Walde, Lower", "title": "Lainzer Tiergarten" }, { "id": "14112893", "score": "1.8072226", "text": "memorial monuments are located towards the eastern end of the park—the Memorial to Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism, built 2008, and the Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism, built 2012. The park is located on the northern and central side of Tiergarten \"Ortsteil\" and is bordered, on the northern side, by the river Spree. The little quarter Hansaviertel borders on it at the north-western side and the Zoological Garden is situated on the south-western side. The principal road is the \"Straße des 17. Juni\" which ends, in the east, at the Brandenburg Gate. Other main roads are", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "14112895", "score": "1.803019", "text": "northerly neighbouring quarter of Moabit a much smaller park bears the same name, thus both are differentiated as Großer and Kleiner Tiergarten. The Tiergarten has an area of around , and after , it is the second biggest parkland in Berlin and the third biggest inner-city parkland in Germany. The park is principally served by the \"S-Bahn\" at the rail stops of Berlin Tiergarten (situated at the western entrance on the \"Straße des 17. Juni\") and Berlin Bellevue (lines S5 S7 S75). The N9 bus also serves the park. Tiergarten (park) The Tiergarten (formal German name: ) is Berlin’s most", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "2285493", "score": "1.7516428", "text": "Tiergarten Schönbrunn Tiergarten Schönbrunn (literally, \"Schönbrunn Zoo\"), or \"Vienna Zoo\", is a zoo located on the grounds of the famous Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria. Founded as an imperial menagerie in 1752, it is the oldest continuously operating zoo in the world. Today, Tiergarten Schönbrunn is considered and regards itself as a scientifically administered zoo which sees its main purpose as a centre for species conservation and general nature conservation as well as in the fulfillment of the education mandate given to it by the legislation. The still preserved buildings of the baroque era, which have been complemented in the", "title": "Tiergarten Schönbrunn" }, { "id": "14112892", "score": "1.7500103", "text": "to the prestige of the park. Due to its status as a garden memorial of the city of Berlin, encroachment onto the Tiergarten from businesses and residents has been illegal since 1991. A large tunnel, commissioned in 2006, has been built under the Tiergarten, allowing easy movement from north to south for motor vehicles, trams, and more recently S-Bahn trains. The original proposal for the tunnel was met with great opposition from environmentalists, who believed the vegetation would be damaged due to shifts in ground-water levels; in fact, the first plans for construction were denied by a court order. Two", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "14112888", "score": "1.7498688", "text": "and Georg Pniower, Professor of Garden Design at Berlin University, were the first to offer plans, but both were rejected during the division of Berlin by the Allied powers. Instead, they decided to follow the plans of the Tiergarten Director Willy Alverdes, whose plan seemed to be a more pragmatic approach: instead of rebuilding the park in a new fashion, Alverdes' plans depended on the existing design of the park. He wanted to establish a tranquil, spacious park where one could relax and recover. The Tiergarten was reforested between 1949 and 1959. On March 17, 1949, the Lord Mayor Ernst", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "14112876", "score": "1.7356745", "text": "beginning of a transformation in the Tiergarten, a movement from the king’s personal hunting territory to a forest park designed for the people. Frederick Wilhelm I's son and successor, Frederick II (\"Frederick the Great\") (1712 — 1786) did not appreciate the hunt as his predecessors did, In 1740, he opened the park's first public gardens. In 1742 he instructed the architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff to tear down the fences that surrounded the territory and to turn the park into a \"Lustgarten\" (literally \"pleasure garden\"), one that would be open to the people of Berlin. In the baroque style popular", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "19268091", "score": "1.7280415", "text": "Kleiner Tiergarten Kleiner Tiergarten (\"Small Tiergarten\") is a park in Moabit, Berlin, Germany. The park is located in Moabit, a division of Mitte, the central borough of Berlin. It is bounded to the north by \"Turmstraße\", \"Alt-Moabit\" to the south, \"Ottostraße\" to the west, and \"Wilsnacker Straße\" to the east. \"Stromstraße\" and \"Thusnelda-Allee\" pass through the park from north to south, as does line U9 of the Berlin U-Bahn; the subway station Turmstraße is also located adjacent from the park. The park was once part of a much larger communally-administered forest area Jungfernheide. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg annexed it", "title": "Kleiner Tiergarten" }, { "id": "2369555", "score": "1.7276537", "text": "located in the locality of Tiergarten around the Reichstag Building. Most institutions of the German government have their seat at the Regierungsviertel Many embassies and the Federal Ministry of Defence in the historic embassy quarter in the south of the Tiergarten Park. Großer Tiergarten is the name of the biggest urban park in Mitte, located in the same-named locality. The Tiergarten Park was established as a hunting ground in the 16th century by the Prussian kings. Today its enclosed by densely built-up areas by Hansaviertel and Moabit in the north, the Government District in the east and the City West", "title": "Mitte" }, { "id": "19268092", "score": "1.714908", "text": "as a counterpart to the much larger Großer Tiergarten as the city of Berlin grew and usurped the former hunting grounds. Since 1655, the park has been referred to as the Kleiner Tiergarten. In the year 1790, the park was replanted; further redesign took place in 1835 in connection with the newly-built designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. After the city of Berlin took over the administration of the area in 1876, landscape architect and horticultural director Johann Heinrich Gustav Meyer redesigned the park to contain benches, lanterns, and a spring. The was constructed from 1892-1894, designed by Friedrich Schulze facing", "title": "Kleiner Tiergarten" }, { "id": "10666379", "score": "1.7112097", "text": "Tierpark Hagenbeck The Tierpark Hagenbeck is a zoo in Stellingen, a quarter in Hamburg, Germany. The collection began in 1863 with animals that belonged to Carl Hagenbeck Sr. (1810–1887), a fishmonger who became an amateur animal collector. The park itself was founded by Carl Hagenbeck Jr. in 1907. It is known for being the first zoo to use open enclosures surrounded by moats, rather than barred cages, to better approximate animals' natural environments. In 1863, the elder Hagenbeck began collecting exotic animals that came through Hamburg's port. By the 1870s, the trade had proved more lucrative than his fish shop,", "title": "Tierpark Hagenbeck" }, { "id": "19268093", "score": "1.7056959", "text": "\"Thusnelda-Allee\". The park was heavily damaged during World War 2 and was redesigned in 1960 by landscape architect Wilhelm Alverdes. Alverdes included the adjacent \"Ottopark\" in the plans and included a playground for children. Kleiner Tiergarten Kleiner Tiergarten (\"Small Tiergarten\") is a park in Moabit, Berlin, Germany. The park is located in Moabit, a division of Mitte, the central borough of Berlin. It is bounded to the north by \"Turmstraße\", \"Alt-Moabit\" to the south, \"Ottostraße\" to the west, and \"Wilsnacker Straße\" to the east. \"Stromstraße\" and \"Thusnelda-Allee\" pass through the park from north to south, as does line U9 of", "title": "Kleiner Tiergarten" }, { "id": "8562220", "score": "1.7017231", "text": "by 1 July 1989, just a few months before the fall of the Berlin Wall. When the Berlin Wall fell, the line was subsequently renumbered to U5 in 1 July 1990. Tierpark (Berlin U-Bahn) Tierpark is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the . It is named after the Tierpark Berlin, one of the two zoological gardens in Berlin. Prior to the opening of the station, the line was intended to go to Karlshorst in the early 1950s/60s plans. Construction of the station began on 19 September 1969. This station was opened in 1973. It was the one and only", "title": "Tierpark (Berlin U-Bahn)" }, { "id": "14112884", "score": "1.7003181", "text": "\"Welthauptstadt Germania\", or World Capital Germania, was the idea the Nazis wanted to bring to fruition. The Tiergarten was to be a central location in the new city. The Charlottenburger Chaussee, today known as the Straße des 17. Juni, was to be the central line between the east and west, and was widened from to , the same width as the current street. The Berlin Victory Column was also moved to the Großer Stern, where it remains to this day. The Second World War caused significant damage to the Tiergarten and its various cultural elements. Many statues were destroyed or", "title": "Tiergarten (park)" }, { "id": "7188215", "score": "1.6957431", "text": "a French style. On November 30, 1741, Frederick II, now king, issued a decree which initiated the redesign of the Berlin Tiergarten to make it the \"Parc de Berlin\". The document pointed out that Baron Knobelsdorff had received precise instructions concerning the changeover. The Tiergarten, in times past the private hunting grounds of the Electors and greatly neglected under Frederick's father, was to be turned into the public park and gardens of the royal residence city Berlin. In order to protect the newly cultivated areas the practice of driving cattle on the grounds was forbidden with immediate effect. Frederick's interest", "title": "Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff" } ]

[ "Phil spektor", "phil spectre", "harvey philip spector", "Phil Spector", "Philip Spector", "phil specter", "Phillip Spector", "Phil specter", "Phil Specter", "philip spector", "phil spector", "phillip spector", "Annette Records", "Phil spectre", "phil spektor", "annette records", "Harvey Philip Spector" ]

[ { "id": "11965109", "score": "2.785913", "text": "Larry Levine Larry Levine (May 8, 1928 – May 8, 2008) was an American audio engineer, known for his cooperation with Phil Spector on the Wall of Sound recording technique. Levine received the 1966 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording - Non-Classical, for the recording of \"A Taste of Honey\" performed by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass. The recording also won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1966. Among his other known recording engineering contributions is The Beach Boys' influential 1966 album Pet Sounds. Levine died of emphysema in Encino, California at the age of 80.", "title": "Larry Levine" }, { "id": "11965108", "score": "2.785913", "text": "Larry Levine Larry Levine (May 8, 1928 – May 8, 2008) was an American audio engineer, known for his cooperation with Phil Spector on the Wall of Sound recording technique. Levine received the 1966 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Recording - Non-Classical, for the recording of \"A Taste of Honey\" performed by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass. The recording also won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1966. Among his other known recording engineering contributions is The Beach Boys' influential 1966 album Pet Sounds. Levine died of emphysema in Encino, California at the age of 80.", "title": "Larry Levine" }, { "id": "9381885", "score": "2.1064649", "text": "on the Beach Boys' acclaimed album, \"Pet Sounds\", (\"Let's Go Away for Awhile\"). He began his long and successful association with Herb Alpert and his Tijuana Brass when he played percussion on the Tijuana Brass's first hit, \"The Lonely Bull\", in 1962. He later composed \"Spanish Flea\". Playing marimba and vibes on many of the songs on Alpert's subsequent albums in the 1960s, as well as writing at least one song on most of those albums, Wechter contributed much to the Tijuana Brass sound and style without receiving public credit for it at the time. Encouraged by Alpert, Wechter formed", "title": "Julius Wechter" }, { "id": "2554444", "score": "1.991776", "text": "several groups including one-time A&M band Soul Asylum and by comedian Pat Cooper for his album \"Spaghetti Sauce and Other Delights\". The singles included the title cut, \"Lollipops and Roses\", and \"A Taste of Honey\". The latter won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. \"Going Places\" produced four more singles: \"Tijuana Taxi\", \"Spanish Flea\", \"Third Man Theme\", and \"Zorba the Greek\". \"Tijuana Taxi\" and \"Spanish Flea\" would be used in the 1966 Academy Award-winning animated short \"A Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass Double Feature\". The Brass covered the Bert Kaempfert tune \"Happy Trumpeter\", retitling it \"Magic Trumpet\".", "title": "Herb Alpert" }, { "id": "2343375", "score": "1.9225254", "text": "recognizable example of the \"Wall of Sound\" is heard on many classic hits recorded by The Beach Boys (e.g., \"God Only Knows\", \"Wouldn't It Be Nice\"—and especially, the psychedelic \"pocket symphony\" of \"Good Vibrations\"), for which Brian Wilson used a similar recording technique, especially during the \"Pet Sounds\" and \"Smile\" eras of the band. Wilson considers \"Pet Sounds\" to be a concept album centered around interpretations of Phil Spector's recording methods. Author Domenic Priore observed, \"The Ronettes had sung a dynamic version of The Students' 1961 hit 'I'm So Young', and Wilson went right for it, but took the Wall", "title": "Wall of Sound" }, { "id": "53443", "score": "1.9179976", "text": "listening to indie records\" in favor of the Beach Boys. Bands who advocated for the Beach Boys included founding members of the Elephant 6 Collective (Neutral Milk Hotel, the Olivia Tremor Control, the Apples in Stereo, and of Montreal). United by a shared love of the group's music, they named Pet Sounds Studio in honor of the band. \"Smile\" became a touchstone for many bands who were labelled \"chamber pop\", a term used for artists influenced by the lush orchestrations of Brian Wilson, Lee Hazlewood, and Burt Bacharach. \"Pitchfork\" writer Mark Richardson cited \"Smiley Smile\" as the origin point of", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "id": "4550831", "score": "1.8918056", "text": "over 100 - from the 1980s through to Goldsmith's death in 2004. He also engineered at least two of Lonnie Mack's late-60s Elektra albums. Bruce Botnick Bruce Botnick (born 1945) is an American audio engineer and record producer, best known for his work with The Doors, The Beach Boys, and Love. Botnick engineered Love's first two albums, and co-produced their third album, \"Forever Changes\", with the band's singer-songwriter, Arthur Lee. He also is listed as the one of two recording engineers on the LP by Curtis Amy, The Sounds of Broadway - The Sounds of Hollywood, which is said to", "title": "Bruce Botnick" }, { "id": "10024626", "score": "1.8651189", "text": "a significant CBS album for The Beach Boys in the mid 1980s. From the early 1980s, with the worldwide success of Culture Club, Levine's reputation grew and, apart from The Beach Boys, he produced well-reviewed work for The Honeyz, John Howard, China Crisis, Motörhead, Ziggy Marley, Westworld and Gary Moore. In 2013, Levine was chairman of the Music Producer's Guild. Levine created and co-presents the BBC Radio 2 & BBC Radio 6 Music programme \"The Record Producers\", with regular BBC Radio 2 host Richard Allinson. This award-winning series of documentaries analyse, from the record producer's perspective, how iconic recordings are", "title": "Steve Levine" }, { "id": "3170209", "score": "1.8623769", "text": "in early 1976, and Hazel Payne was added. The group began to improve its sound over a period of six years prior to being discovered by Capitol Records. Hitting major cities outside of Los Angeles, they also began doing USO tours, with spots in Spain, Morocco, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, and Japan. Upon returning to Los Angeles, while playing in a nightclub, they were spotted by record producers, Fonce and Larry Mizell, who convinced Capitol Records' then vice-executive-producer, Larkin Arnold, to give them an audition. They signed a five-album contract, and billed themselves after Herb Alpert's song, A Taste of Honey.", "title": "A Taste of Honey (band)" }, { "id": "20208679", "score": "1.861223", "text": "by Taylor, identified as \"'60s Hollywood reporter Jerry Fineman\", and contains some exaggerated claims: \"Pet Sounds\" was widely influential and raised the band's prestige as an innovative rock group. Taylor is widely recognized as instrumental in the album's success in the UK due to his longstanding connections with the Beatles and other industry figures. \"Rolling Stone\" founding editor Jann Wenner later reported that British fans identified the Beach Boys as \"years ahead\" of the Beatles and declared Wilson a \"genius\". Musicians who praised Wilson on record included John Lennon, Eric Clapton of Cream, Rolling Stones producer Andrew Loog Oldham, and", "title": "Brian Wilson is a genius" }, { "id": "4118574", "score": "1.8585653", "text": "the Top 40 locally in Los Angeles during August. This album was recorded in the summer of 1966 at Gold Star Studios where Phil Spector created his \"Wall of Sound\" and Brian Wilson produced recordings by The Beach Boys, including \"Pet Sounds\" the same year. Young sings lead on only two of his five compositions, Furay singing lead on the other three. The album was produced by the group's managers, Charles Greene and Brian Stone, both of whom had minimal experience as record producers. The group was reportedly unhappy with the sound of the album, feeling that it didn't reflect", "title": "Buffalo Springfield (album)" }, { "id": "6309154", "score": "1.8523531", "text": "studio. During a break, we kind of hung out in the hallway and eventually, sort of snuck into the booth and Brian was in the studio [alone]. ... eventually, we met.\" Looking for a clean break from the by-then-famous Beach Boys sound (associated with surfing and cars) and not wanting to collaborate with any of the songwriters with whom he had previously worked, Wilson called Asher in early December 1965, and within ten days they had started to write what would eventually become \"Pet Sounds\". Wilson and Asher wrote together for about three weeks. According to Asher, a typical writing", "title": "Tony Asher" }, { "id": "53427", "score": "1.8495501", "text": "time. In 1988, the core quintet of the Wilson brothers, Love, and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Ten years later, they were selected for the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. In 2004, \"Pet Sounds\" was preserved in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant.\" Their recordings of \"In My Room\", \"Good Vibrations\", \"California Girls\" and the entire \"Pet Sounds\" album have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2017, a study of AllMusic's catalog indicated the Beach Boys as the 6th most frequently", "title": "The Beach Boys" }, { "id": "1297411", "score": "1.8350334", "text": "has inspired tribute albums such as \"\" (2005), \"The String Quartet Tribute to the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds\" (2006), \"MOJO Presents Pet Sounds Revisited\" (2012), and \"A Tribute to Pet Sounds\" (2016). \"Pet Sounds in the Key of Dee\" (2007) is a mashup of the album with J-Dilla, by record producer Bullion. In the mid-1990s, Robert Schneider of the Apples in Stereo and Jim McIntyre of Von Hemmling founded Pet Sounds Studio, which served as the venue for many Elephant 6 projects such as Neutral Milk Hotel's \"In the Aeroplane Over the Sea\", and the Olivia Tremor Control's \"\" and", "title": "Pet Sounds" }, { "id": "2100821", "score": "1.8181171", "text": "very first vocal recording Johnston made as one of the Beach Boys was \"California Girls\" (although for contractual reasons he would not be credited or photographed on a Beach Boys album until 1967 on the \"Wild Honey\" album ). Johnston is frequently credited as one of the original greatest supporters of the Beach Boys' 1966 signature album \"Pet Sounds\". He flew to London in May 1966 and played the album for John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Keith Moon, who was a Beach Boys fan. Johnston wrote several Beach Boys songs: \"The Nearest Faraway Place\" (instrumental) and notably 1971's \"Disney Girls", "title": "Bruce Johnston" }, { "id": "7615058", "score": "1.8158681", "text": "the chance to listen to them. Never did.\" It was performed by Brian and several session musicians, with no other members of the Beach Boys. The session sheet for the recording date carries the notation, \"This is a working title only.\" \"Pet Sounds\" was recorded on November 17, 1965 at United Western Recorders, with Chuck Britz engineering. The unique percussion sound heard on the track is drummer Ritchie Frost playing two empty Coca-Cola cans, at Brian's suggestion. Overdubs included bongos and two guitars filtered through a Leslie speaker. The piece was written with the intention of using it in a", "title": "Pet Sounds (instrumental)" }, { "id": "16087562", "score": "1.8130745", "text": "the legendary Cello Studios (the old United Western Recorders, the studio where the Beach Boys recorded Pet Sounds) working with fellow engineer and producer Jim Scott with such artists as Wilco, Tift Merritt, Kathleen Edwards, and Nikka Costa. In mid-2005 Chris, along with Jim Scott, started work recording the Dixie Chicks Grammy Award winning album \"Taking the Long Way\" with Rick Rubin producing. Recording for the record went well into the following year. He did the bulk of the record with Jim Scott then continued on his own with the three girls, Natalie Maines, Martie Maguire, and Emily Robison. The", "title": "Christopher Mario Testa" }, { "id": "7304388", "score": "1.8126116", "text": "his album \"Peter Nero Plays a Salute to Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass\", and Cecilia und die Sauerkrauts on their album \"Sauerkraut, Wurst Und Other Delights\". Singles taken from the album included \"A Taste of Honey,\" \"Whipped Cream\" and \"Lollipops and Roses\". The latter two of these were eventually featured on the ABC-TV series \"The Dating Game\": \"Whipped Cream\" as the intro to the bachelorette, and \"Lollipops and Roses\" as the theme used when the bachelor(ette) learned about the person chosen for the date. \"Spanish Flea\", a song taken from the TJB's next album \"Going Places\", was used as", "title": "Whipped Cream & Other Delights" }, { "id": "2554446", "score": "1.8122797", "text": "\"The Dating Game\", notably the tracks \"Whipped Cream\", \"Spanish Flea\", and \"Lollipops and Roses\". Despite the popularity of his singles, Alpert's albums outsold and outperformed them on the charts. Alpert and the Tijuana Brass won six Grammy Awards. Fifteen of their albums won gold discs, and fourteen won platinum discs. From the week ending October 16, 1965 through the week ending April 29, 1967, the group had at least one album in the Top 10, marking 81 consecutive weeks. For many of these weeks, more than one album registered in the Top 10. In 1966, over 13 million Alpert recordings", "title": "Herb Alpert" }, { "id": "4550828", "score": "1.8115776", "text": "Bruce Botnick Bruce Botnick (born 1945) is an American audio engineer and record producer, best known for his work with The Doors, The Beach Boys, and Love. Botnick engineered Love's first two albums, and co-produced their third album, \"Forever Changes\", with the band's singer-songwriter, Arthur Lee. He also is listed as the one of two recording engineers on the LP by Curtis Amy, The Sounds of Broadway - The Sounds of Hollywood, which is said to have been released in 1965, although it also has been said to have been released earlier. The LP back cover (liner notes) are written", "title": "Bruce Botnick" } ]

[ "Alpaca", "Alpacas", "alpacca", "V pacos", "Alpaka", "Lama pacos", "V. pacos", "Vicugna pacos", "alpaca", "Alpacca", "alpaka", "vicugna pacos", "alpacas", "v pacos", "lama pacos" ]

[ { "id": "248462", "score": "1.9151804", "text": "Llama The llama (; ) (\"Lama glama\") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era. The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between . At birth, a baby llama (called a \"cria\") can weigh between . Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more. They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free.", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "248474", "score": "1.9086301", "text": "in herds on the bleak and elevated parts of the mountain range bordering the region of perpetual snow, amidst rocks and precipices, occurring in various suitable localities throughout Peru, in the southern part of Ecuador, and as far south as the middle of Bolivia. Its manners very much resemble those of the chamois of the European Alps; it is as vigilant, wild, and timid. The fiber is extremely delicate and soft, and highly valued for the purposes of weaving, but the quantity that each animal produces is minimal. Alpacas are descended from wild vicuna ancestors, while domesticated llamas are descended", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "248494", "score": "1.904558", "text": "Mariquina and Huequén next to Angol raised the animal. Llamas have a fine undercoat, which can be used for handicrafts and garments. The coarser outer guard hair is used for rugs, wall-hangings and lead ropes. The fiber comes in many different colors ranging from white or grey to reddish-brown, brown, dark brown and black. Llama The llama (; ) (\"Lama glama\") is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era. The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is tall at the top of the head, and can weigh", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "14387423", "score": "1.9037735", "text": "northeastern Argentina. Guanacos can also be found in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru. The llama is the largest of the extant laminoids and weighs with a height of at the shoulder. Llamas are not a natural species; rather, they were domesticated by the Peruvians and Bolivians of the highlands. Commercial trade led to the llama's current abundance in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and northeast Argentina. There are bands of llamas in the United States, Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. The color and length of the llama's wool is variable, depending on the race. The diameter of llama wool's", "title": "Lamini" }, { "id": "14387424", "score": "1.8795644", "text": "fiber varies between 20 and 80 micrometers, depending on whether the llamas were raised for its wool or as a pack animal. The vicuña is the smallest camelid, with a shoulder height of and a weight of . Its coat is mainly beige in color and is said to make \"the best wool in the world\", with the average fiber diameter between 11 and 14 micrometers. Like rodents, the vicuña has continuously-growing incisors. It lives only in areas of high altitude – or greater – in the highlands of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. Lamini Lamini (members are called", "title": "Lamini" }, { "id": "12243725", "score": "1.8244416", "text": "of to above sea level. Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be working animals, but were bred specifically for their fiber. Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similarly to sheep's wool. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world. The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia, and 16 as classified in the United States. Alpacas", "title": "Alpaca" }, { "id": "14387422", "score": "1.7381399", "text": "a strand diameter of 18–25 micrometers. The guanaco is a wild camelid, standing at at the shoulder and at the head. It can weigh up to . Its pelage is longer than that of the vicuña but shorter than that of the alpaca; it is considered to be of excellent quality and has a light brown, reddish, or brown-yellow color. The diameter of its fleece's fibers varies between 16 and 18 micrometers. 90% of the world's guanacos are in Argentina, distributed from the islands of the Beagle Channel and the southern extremity of the Patagonia to the Puna grassland in", "title": "Lamini" }, { "id": "3340761", "score": "1.7369931", "text": "with a long, slender, gracefully curved neck and slim legs. Lama (genus) Lama is a genus containing two South American camelids, the wild guanaco and the domesticated llama. This genus is closely allied to the wild vicuña and domesticated alpaca of the genus \"Vicugna\". Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, llamas and alpacas were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. They were kept not only for their value as beasts of burden, but also for their flesh, hides, and wool. Although they were often compared to sheep by early writers, their affinity to the camel was soon perceived.", "title": "Lama (genus)" }, { "id": "248475", "score": "1.7026178", "text": "from wild guanaco ancestors, though a considerable amount of hybridization between the two species has occurred. Differential characteristics between llamas and alpacas include the llama's larger size, longer head, and curved ears. Alpaca fiber is generally more expensive, but not always more valuable. Alpacas tend to have a more consistent color throughout the body. The most apparent visual difference between llamas and camels is that camels have a hump or humps and llamas do not. Llamas are not ruminants, pseudo-ruminants, or modified ruminants. They have a complex stomach with several compartments that allows them to consume lower quality, high cellulose", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "3340752", "score": "1.7004483", "text": "Lama (genus) Lama is a genus containing two South American camelids, the wild guanaco and the domesticated llama. This genus is closely allied to the wild vicuña and domesticated alpaca of the genus \"Vicugna\". Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, llamas and alpacas were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. They were kept not only for their value as beasts of burden, but also for their flesh, hides, and wool. Although they were often compared to sheep by early writers, their affinity to the camel was soon perceived. They were included in the genus \"Camelus\" in the \"Systema", "title": "Lama (genus)" }, { "id": "12243724", "score": "1.6984622", "text": "Alpaca The alpaca (\"Vicugna pacos\") is a species of South American camelid. It is similar to, and often confused with, the llama. However, alpacas are often noticeably smaller than llamas. The two animals are closely related and can successfully cross-breed. Alpacas and llamas are also closely related to the vicuña, which is believed to be the alpaca's wild ancestor, and to the guanaco. There are two breeds of alpaca: the and the Huacaya alpaca. Alpacas are kept in herds that graze on the level heights of the Andes of Southern Peru, Western Bolivia, Ecuador, and Northern Chile at an altitude", "title": "Alpaca" }, { "id": "10652251", "score": "1.6960154", "text": "in the tens of thousands, of animals, some taken by force from conquered enemies. These animals were llamas and alpacas, the dung of which was used to fertilize the crop fields. Llamas and alpacas were usually raised high up in the Andes, at 4,000 meters (13,000 ft) and above. Llamas and alpacas were very important providing “wool, meat, leather, moveable wealth,” and “transportation.” The Inca also bred and domesticated ducks and guinea pigs as a source of meat. This mixture of Animal husbandry, especially that of llamas and alpacas, was important to the economy of the Incas. Inca farmers did", "title": "Incan agriculture" }, { "id": "248473", "score": "1.6911079", "text": "distinguished by the inhabitants of South America are recognized as distinct species, though with difficulties in defining their distinctive characteristics. These are: The llama and alpaca are only known in the domestic state, and are variable in size and of many colors, being often white, brown, or piebald. Some are grey or black. The guanaco and vicuña are wild, the former being endangered, and of a nearly uniform light-brown color, passing into white below. They certainly differ from each other, the vicuña being smaller, more slender in its proportions, and having a shorter head than the guanaco. The vicuña lives", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "6540531", "score": "1.6655078", "text": "of losing their farmland to conservation efforts. Farmers said that they did not hunt the monkeys, but that the land is necessary for growing coffee and raising cattle. The balance between avoiding the extinction of the species and maintaining the livelihood of the farmers of Peru is a major issue in the struggle for conservation efforts toward the yellow-tailed woolly monkey. \"Oreonax flavicauda\" is one of the rarest Neotropical primates and is one of Peru's largest endemic mammals. Adult head and body lengths can range from 51.3 to 53.5 cm, with tails even longer than the body, up to 63", "title": "Yellow-tailed woolly monkey" }, { "id": "9351168", "score": "1.650588", "text": "and potatoes may be grown, while in high areas llamas are kept. Fields are plowed with a type of foot-plow (\"chaki taklla\"). According to the 10-year census taken by the private U.S. Vanishing Cultures Foundation Inc, there are six major Q'ero villages, which are home for 600 people and approximately 6000 llamas and alpacas. The travel-time on the mountain trails between villages ranges from only an hour up to a full three-days of travel. The two villages Hatun Q'ero and Hapu Q'ero are located above 4000 m in elevation and about a day's walk away from each other. The lower", "title": "Q'ero" }, { "id": "10426891", "score": "1.6496546", "text": "(about 1/3 endemic). The vicuña and guanaco can be found living in the Altiplano, while the closely related domesticated llama and alpaca are widely kept by locals as pack animals and for their meat and wool. Cougars are also found in the region and play an important role in many Andean cultures together with the llama. The nocturnal chinchillas, two threatened members of the rodent order, inhabits the Andes' alpine regions, but are well-known in captivity. Another domestic that originates from the Andean region is the guinea pig. Other wild mammals found in the relatively open habitats of the high", "title": "Fauna of the Andes" }, { "id": "248463", "score": "1.645586", "text": "Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. When using a pack, they can carry about 25 to 30% of their body weight for 8 to 13 km (5–8 miles). The name \"llama\" (in the past also spelled 'lama' or 'glama') was adopted by European settlers from native Peruvians. Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of North America about 40 million years ago. They migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in", "title": "Llama" }, { "id": "11079797", "score": "1.6438906", "text": "were created through twining, a non-loom technique similar to macramé. Knotting patterns depicting standing humans, parrots, snakes, and cats have been decoded from surviving fragments. The introduction of camelid herding for their meat, fibrous hair, and ability to transport cargo was developed in response to remarkably inhospitable environmental conditions found in Andean highlands. As a result, alpacas and llamas were revered for their hardiness and ability to provide resources in both life and death. The scaly fibers produced by these animals were both flexible and dye-permeable, allowing them to be woven with cotton to produce sturdy threads and textiles.Chavín culture", "title": "Andean textiles" }, { "id": "14387421", "score": "1.6425552", "text": "shoulder is . It is slightly larger than the vicuña. Normally, the alpaca is found in the Andes in Peru and Bolivia, though it also inhabits northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. There are about 3.5 million alpacas in the world. In the 1980s, alpacas started being exported to other countries for farming purposes: they can be found in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, though the vast majority still reside in South America. The alpaca is mainly used for its wool. Out of the domestic camelids, the alpaca produces wool with longer and finer fiber than the llama, with", "title": "Lamini" }, { "id": "14387420", "score": "1.6413178", "text": "Lamini Lamini (members are called \"laminoids\") is a tribe of the subfamily Camelinae. It contains two extant genera with four species, all exclusively from South America: llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos. The former two are domesticated species, while the latter two are only found in the wild. None display sexual dimorphism. The four species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Additionally, there are two extinct genera known from the fossil record. The digestive system of lamoids allows them to digest certain toxins. Laminoids also lack a gallbladder. The alpaca, a domestic camelid, weighs between , while its height at the", "title": "Lamini" } ]

[ "Charlotte Church", "Back With Style", "charlotte church", "back with style" ]

[ { "id": "2625470", "score": "1.6892543", "text": "Italian and French. She was then introduced to the Cardiff impresario Jonathan Shalit, who became her manager and negotiated a contract with Sony Music. Her first album, \"Voice of an Angel\", was a collection of arias, sacred songs, and traditional pieces that sold millions worldwide and made her the youngest artist with a No. 1 album on the British classical crossover charts. Church appeared on US Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) specials. Her self-titled second album also included operatic, religious and traditional tracks. One, the soaring and inspirational \"Just Wave Hello\", was the centrepiece of a millennium-themed ad campaign for the", "title": "Charlotte Church" }, { "id": "5373726", "score": "1.6055512", "text": "The title track for this album was chosen by the BBC as the first Children in Need telethon anthem. The second album, \"New Day\", released in 1990, was the first album to use the name Angel Voices. During the 1990s, the names \"St. Philip's Boy Choir\" and \"Angel Voices\" were both used to refer to the choir. The third album, \"Angel Voices\", was released in 1992. It was re-released in 1993, with the choir referred to as the St. Philip's Boy's Choir. \"Angel Voices 2\" was released in 1996 and \"Angel Voices 3\" was released in 1997. Both were released", "title": "Libera (choir)" }, { "id": "12564550", "score": "1.5937955", "text": "of the album is taken from newsreel footage of policemen being given instructions how to cope with Beatle fans before a Beatles concert in 1966. The Voice of America (album) The Voice of America is the second studio album by English band Cabaret Voltaire. It was released in July 1980, through record label Rough Trade. \"Trouser Press\" described the album as \"an uneven work\". AllMusic called it \"Not as spectacular as what would follow\", but not without its own set of thrills.\" \"Stay Out Of It\" samples three phrases from the \"Outer Limits\" episode \"Demon with a Glass Hand\": \"the", "title": "The Voice of America (album)" }, { "id": "13218952", "score": "1.5849104", "text": "ängel hälsat på\" (\"Where an angel has visited\" in English), where it came 2nd. All in One Voice All in One Voice is the twelfth studio album by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. It was released in 1998 by EastWest Records, following her previous album with EastWest, \"Free Spirit\" (1995). The album remains the least commercially successful in Tyler's career as it failed to chart worldwide. Tracks produced by Jimmy Smyth were recorded at Full Moon, Westland and Park House Studios in Dublin, Ireland. \"The Reason Why\" was recorded at Boogie Park Studios in Hamburg, and \"I Put a Spell on", "title": "All in One Voice" }, { "id": "10058178", "score": "1.5834434", "text": "gospel singer Jason Bailley on the track \"Angels\" featured on the collaborative album \"One Voice\" released by Kingsway Music in 2009. The album pulled together over 200 Christian artists and musicians. The list of performers reads like a who's who of Christian music: Darlene Zschech, Martin Smith, Smokie Norful, Tim Hughes, Israel Houghton, Nu Colours, Kierra Kiki Sheard, Brenton Brown, Warryn Campbell, Tommy Sims, Muyiwa, Mal Pope, Matt Redman, Rance Allen, Bishop John Francis, Tre Sheppard and Noel Robinson. The album is the brain child of London Community Gospel Choir co-founder Lawrence Johnson, inspired after he watched the devastation from", "title": "Lou Fellingham" }, { "id": "11174146", "score": "1.5739088", "text": "\"Angel\". A new version of her first English single, \"Solo\", was also included on the album. This version was produced by Steve Levine. The sales of album exceed 1,000,000 legal copies. Four singles were released from the \"Alsou\" album: Alsou (album) Alsou was the first English album by Alsou, a Russian singer who was best known at the time of the album's release as the second-place finisher in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000. The album was released in Russia on June 28, 2001, and later in Germany, Norway, Poland, the Czech Republic and Malaysia. The album's lead single, \"Before You", "title": "Alsou (album)" }, { "id": "19859808", "score": "1.5623217", "text": "Voices of Angels Celtic Woman: Voices of Angels is the eleventh studio album by the group Celtic Woman. \"Voices of Angels\" features vocalists Susan McFadden, Mairead Carlin, Éabha McMahon, and fiddler Tara McNeill, with former member Méav Ní Mhaolchatha as a guest. This was Celtic Woman's first album to feature their newest member Tara McNeill. The album was recorded at \"Cauldron Studios\" in Dublin, Ireland. It featured a 72-piece Orchestra of Ireland. The album included a mixture of original songs, new covers, and re-arranged version of previous Celtic Woman covers. A digital download copy of the album was offered as", "title": "Voices of Angels" }, { "id": "14926038", "score": "1.561906", "text": "Amanda Perez and Mike Quinn (Mike Q.).\" Additional vocals Mike Q. \"February 13, 2003 Release by Virgin Records. All songs composed by Amanda Perez and Mike Quinn (Mike Q.).\" Additional vocals Mike Q. Angel (Amanda Perez album) Angel is the second album by American R&B singer-songwriter Amanda Perez, initially released on October 15, 2002 by PowerHowse Entertainment Records and distributed by Mad Chemistry Distribution. The first release features a larger track listing, including several bonus tracks and one hidden bonus track. Upon switching record labels the album was reconsidered and released by Virgin Records worldwide on February 11, 2003. It", "title": "Angel (Amanda Perez album)" }, { "id": "14611316", "score": "1.5531416", "text": "the voice festival's \"(a) Phonica\" in the Catalan town of Banyoles. They owe their success in the United States to having been discovered by Joe Conroy (DJ Brad) from the radio station Doo Wop Café, (part of Lagniappe Broadcast Network) dedicated to preserving American music of the 1950s. Conroy found a cover they had uploaded to the YouTube network of the song \"My Island in The Sun\", primary performed by The Capris. Amazed by the sound of the group, he was in touch with them immediately by mail and after interchanging several messages, he suggested them the recording of a", "title": "The Earth Angels" }, { "id": "17870276", "score": "1.5441815", "text": "vocalist with the one-hundred-voice black gospel choir of St. Brigid Catholic Church in Los Angeles, California. As TaliasVan's personal life changed so did his musical style, first called “Luminary.” The music no longer followed the contemporary Christian sound of the time, so he coined the term “New Age Vocal” to describe his Unicorn Love album, which was the first New Age Vocal album, after which others followed. He believed it was the first New Age Vocal album, because he was in Hollywood and Windham Hill rejected his album, saying “New Age music can’t be vocal.” He also noted that in", "title": "CosmoPop" }, { "id": "4414709", "score": "1.5428603", "text": "soprano Charlotte Church produced her first album, \"Voice of an Angel\", which was certified triple platinum in UK sales alone, and launched her career as an opera crossover artist. Her countryman, rising star Bryn Terfel, gave a recital at Carnegie Hall. Established opera singer Lesley Garrett released her hit album of the same name, including songs from popular musicals as well as operatic arias. Sales between 29 December 1997 and 2 January 1999. Sales between 29 December 1997 and 2 January 1999. Notes: Sales between 29 December 1997 and 2 January 1999. The 1998 BRIT Awards winners were: 1998 in", "title": "1998 in British music" }, { "id": "9035075", "score": "1.5289555", "text": "La Voz de un Ángel La Voz de un Ángel (Voice of An Angel), is Yuridia's debut album. \"La Voz de un Ángel\" was released in 2005, after the finale of La Academia, the Mexican reality show that the artist participated in. The album contains 15 songs interpreted by Yuridia during the series of concerts in the show, in which she was voted second place. The album has had the highest sales for a Mexican album in many years. The album was released in October 2005, and quickly rose in the charts. The album debuted at 15 in the Mexican", "title": "La Voz de un Ángel" }, { "id": "11240496", "score": "1.5273005", "text": "voice. Often referred to as \"angelic\", \"heavenly\" or \"celestial\", there was a distinct 'choirboy' quality to Montgomery's voice. Following the band's split, Montgomery moved to New York City, where he met and began collaborating with a number of musicians, including Steve Slingeneyer of Soulwax, and Ben Ellis of Serafin and Catherine Wheel. His most notable collaboration at this time was with experimental composer Ben Neill, and he featured heavily on Neill's 2002 album \"Automotive\". Montgomery later accompanied Neill on his tour of the US. He also engaged in a collaboration with Overseer, culminating in a contribution to his 2003 album", "title": "Andrew Montgomery" }, { "id": "6195181", "score": "1.5261586", "text": "the 90s, Beating out artists such as Luis Miguel, and Juan Gabriel. Her voice has earned her the nickname Voz de un Ángel (Voice of an Angel), leading to her debut album's title \"La Voz de un Ángel\". This album has been certified 2x Diamond and 3x Platinum + Gold. On December 5, 2006 Sony BMG released Yuridia's second album, \"Habla El Corazón\", as well as the first single \"Como Yo Nadie Te Ha Amado\", a cover of the Spanish version of Bon Jovi's \"This Ain't a Love Song\". The second and last single was Yuridia's cover for Roxette's \"Listen", "title": "Yuridia" }, { "id": "2130073", "score": "1.5202005", "text": "Music\", \"The Rose T\", \"The Goodbye Girl\" (1982), \"Paper Moon\" (1983) and \"The Fantasticks\" (1988). In 1981, she recorded her first album, \"Small Voice\", which was certified gold in the Philippines. In 1985, she and her brother took part in the eighth Metro Manila Popular Music Festival as the interpreters for the song entry titled \"Musika, Lata, Sipol at La La La\" which was composed by Tess Concepcion. During the 1980s, Salonga also had several television projects through GMA Radio Television Arts where she worked as a child actor and teen idol. After the success of her first album, from", "title": "Lea Salonga" }, { "id": "4807723", "score": "1.5150354", "text": "in 1998, and contracted the talent of producer James Earley. Recording their debut album was tough. The girls wanted it to be just right and they had to make up their minds about what kind of album they wanted to record. First they hired the right producer, multi-platinum producer James \"Jae-E\" Earley, who wrote and/or produced the majority of the first album. Then, they chose an urban-pop/OPM sound. The album ended up being one of the most successful independent albums of the year. It was released in 1999 and titled \"Just the Beginning\". Their 1999 single \"When U Think About", "title": "One Voice (girl group)" }, { "id": "6379533", "score": "1.5125967", "text": "variety of other projects. After that successful comeback, Pillar recorded again in 2007 with the Christmas album, \"I Hear Angels Calling\", released through 335 Records. The title track, by Pillar, Nathan East and Jeff Babko, is a spin on Nashville's No. 1 AC Pop station, Mix 92.9 during the Holidays. Pillar also studied acting and was represented by the William Morris Agency. Pillar was featured in commercials for Lexus, Levi Strauss, and others. She toured with The Billy Graham Association singing for massive crusades and toured up to two hundred concert dates a year. Pillar's voice was featured on \"The", "title": "Michele Pillar" }, { "id": "11249255", "score": "1.5067081", "text": "the song was quickly recorded with Wonder on electric piano and synthesizers. Rudolph supplied the chirping birds from a sound effects reel. Epic released \"Perfect Angel\" in August 1974, one month after Wonder’s \"Fulfillingness' First Finale\" hit the record stores. While the album represented Riperton’s eclectic musical directions, it posed a marketing dilemma with the label: is she a rock, soul or pop singer? As for radio, \"Reasons\", the first single, was embraced by the rock stations, but R&B radio weren’t too keen on the hard-rocking guitar work heard on the disc. “Every Time He Comes Around” and “Seeing You", "title": "Perfect Angel" }, { "id": "6057834", "score": "1.5045741", "text": "been hoping to find the right voice for \"Angel of the Morning\"—he had kept a tape of the demo of that song constantly in his pocket for several months. Rush recorded the song and the tracks which would compose her \"Angel of the Morning\" album with the American Sound house band, even though the single and the album would be credited to the group \"Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts.\" The single version was released in February 1968, and reached the Top 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 that June, peaking at No. 7. A No. 1 hit in Canada, Australia", "title": "Angel of the Morning" }, { "id": "17578622", "score": "1.5045078", "text": "to all the fans who have supported me from the very start.\" On 22 January, he confirmed the title of his debut album, \"Arms of an Angel\", though it was later changed to \"In the Arms of an Angel\". The album includes covers of songs such as Bruno Mars's \"Just the Way You Are\", Adele's \"Someone Like You\" and Westlife's \"Flying Without Wings\", all of which McDonald performed on \"The X Factor\". It also contains three original tracks which he had been working on since the show-\"Answerphone\", \"Smile\" and \"Solid Gold\". The album was preceded by the lead single \"Answerphone\",", "title": "Nicholas McDonald" } ]

[ "fcamp", "Fcamp" ]

[ { "id": "5730406", "score": "1.7222263", "text": "Bénédictine Bénédictine is a herbal liqueur produced in France. Flavored with some twenty-seven flowers, berries, herbs, roots, and spices, it was developed by wine merchant Alexandre Le Grand in the 19th century, and marketed as having been derived from an original recipe of Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Fécamp in Normandy lost in the ashes of the French Revolution. A drier version, B&B, blending Bénédictine with brandy, was developed in the 1930s. In the 19th century Alexandre Le Grand invented a recipe for an herbal liqueur, helped by a local chemist. To market it, he concocted a story of", "title": "Bénédictine" }, { "id": "5730410", "score": "1.6969297", "text": "taste toward drier (less sweet) liqueurs, simply by blending Bénédictine with brandy. Originally both products were 43% alcohol by volume (86 proof), but are now 40% alcohol (80 proof). In 1977 the company introduced a 30% alcohol (60 proof) coffee liqueur which was called Café Bénédictine, a blend of Bénédictine and a coffee-flavoured liqueur, but it has been discontinued. The company also produces Bénédictine Single Cask, which comes in a unique black bottle and is only available at the Palais de la Bénédictine's store in Fécamp, Normandy, France. Bénédictine Bénédictine is a herbal liqueur produced in France. Flavored with some", "title": "Bénédictine" }, { "id": "14538392", "score": "1.635694", "text": "The modern history of Bénédictine liqueur begins in 1863, when Alexandre Legrand — an industrialist, a merchant in wine and spirits, and also an art collector — discovered in his family library a 16th-century grimoire belonging to the Benedictine abbey of Fécamp. The book would have belonged to his grandfather, Prosper Elie Couillard, a \"procureur fiscal\" who might have acquired it during the French Revolution. Some sources record that a healthful elixir of 27 herbs and spices was concocted by one \"Dom Bernardo Vincelli\", a Venetian Benedictine of the Renaissance period who was alleged to have stayed at the abbey", "title": "Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)" }, { "id": "5934307", "score": "1.6210709", "text": "and early 1980s. The monastery runs a brewery, a distillery, a bookstore, an art publishing house, a hotel, a cheese factory joint venture, and several smaller companies. The distillery produces Ettaler Kloster Liqueur, a herbal liqueur which, like that of the Carthusian monks, comes in sweeter yellow and more herbal green varieties. In the tradition of the \"Ritterakademie\", the abbey established a secondary school (\"\"Gymnasium\"\") specialising in the humanities and modern languages, with a boarding house. The boarding school and its clergy were charged with sexual and physical child abuse and have been under investigation since 2 March 2010 by", "title": "Ettal Abbey" }, { "id": "5730407", "score": "1.6012716", "text": "it having been developed by monks at the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp in Normandy, and produced until the abbey's devastation during the French Revolution. He began production under the trade name \"Bénédictine\", using a bottle with a distinguishing shape and label. To reinforce his myth, he placed the abbreviation \"D.O.M.\" on the label, for \"Deo Optimo Maximo\" (\"To God, most good, most great\"), used at the beginning of documents by the Benedictine Order to dedicate their work. Much of the Bénédictine drunk outside of France is consumed in the Burnley area of England, due to soldiers from the East Lancashire", "title": "Bénédictine" }, { "id": "2126403", "score": "1.5978072", "text": "Army engineers to relocate and rebuild it at a location near Voiron where the monks had previously set up a distribution point. After World War II, the government lifted the expulsion order, making the Carthusian brothers once again legal French residents. Today, the liqueurs are produced in Voiron using the herbal mixture prepared by two monks at Grande Chartreuse. They are the only ones to know the secret recipe. The marketing, bottling, packaging, management of the distillery and tours are done by \"Chartreuse Diffusion\", a company created in 1970. Other related alcoholic beverages are manufactured in the same distillery (e.g.", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "2126394", "score": "1.5832858", "text": "of the foundation of the abbey. It is similar to Green Chartreuse, but slightly sweeter. Chartreuse 1605 – Liqueur d'Elixir (56%) was created to commemorate the return of a mysterious manuscript concerning an elixir of long life to the Carthusian monks by Marshal François Annibal d'Estrées. White Chartreuse (30%) was produced and sold between 1860 and 1900. The monks make a Génépi which is the general term in the Alps for a homemade or local liquor featuring local mountain flora. There are hundreds or even thousands of different Génépi liquors made, many simply by families for their own use each", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "14538395", "score": "1.5831515", "text": "Bénédictine\" displayed at the Salon in 1899 and then at the World's Fair in Paris in 1900. A decade after its launch, Bénédictine was selling 150,000 bottles per year. Its commercial success was so overwhelming that Le Grand in 1876 founded \"Bénédictine S.A.\", a company dedicated solely to the production of liqueurs. In 1882, the year of its entry into the Bourse, the enterprise opened a new distillery to boost its production from 350,000 bottles annually to almost a million, driven by the Second Empire fondness for liqueurs. Le Grand demonstrated a genius for marketing, deploying the precursors of corporate", "title": "Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)" }, { "id": "2126400", "score": "1.5585006", "text": "was not a secret but well known. At the death of the pharmacist, his heirs returned the manuscript to the monks who had been back at the Monastery since 1816. In 1838, they developed Yellow Chartreuse, a sweeter version of the Green Chartreuse, 40% alcohol liqueur (80° proof). The monks were again expelled from the monastery following a French law in 1903, and their real property, including the distillery, was confiscated by the government. The monks took their secret recipe to their refuge in Tarragona, Catalonia, and began producing their liqueurs with the same label, but with an additional label", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "2126401", "score": "1.5426972", "text": "which said \"Liqueur fabriquée à Tarragone par les Pères Chartreux\" (\"liquor manufactured in Tarragona by the Carthusian Fathers\"). At the same time, the \"Compagnie Fermière de la Grande Chartreuse\", a corporation in Voiron that obtained the Chartreuse assets, produced a liqueur without benefit of the monks' recipe which they sold as Chartreuse. While the French corporation was acting legally in France, the monks successfully prevented the export of the liqueur to many other countries, since the order retained ownership of its foreign trademark registrations, largely because the recipe had been kept secret. On the night of the sinking of the", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "2126399", "score": "1.5408872", "text": "the monks. On the way there, the monk was arrested and sent to prison in Bordeaux. He was not searched and was able to secretly pass the manuscript to one of his friends: Dom Basile Nantas. This friend was convinced that the order would remain in Spain and never come back and that the manufacturing of the liqueur would cease. He sold the manuscript to a pharmacist in Grenoble, Monsieur Liotard. In 1810, Napoleon ordered that all \"secret\" recipes of medicine be sent to the Ministry of Interior for review. The manuscript was sent and returned as \"Refused\" as it", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "5730408", "score": "1.5392079", "text": "Regiment getting a taste for the drink while fighting in the First World War and sheltering at the Abbey, which was being used as a hospital at the time. The family eventually sold the company to Martini and Rossi, which was in turn bought by Bacardi. The recipe is a closely guarded trade secret, purportedly known to only three people at any given time. So many people have tried to reproduce it that the company maintains on its grounds in Fécamp a \"Hall of Counterfeits\" (\"Salle des Contrefaçons\"). The bottle and label have been imitated, as has the name \"Bénédictine\".", "title": "Bénédictine" }, { "id": "2126391", "score": "1.5336964", "text": "Chartreuse (liqueur) Chartreuse () is a French liqueur made by the Carthusian Monks since 1737 according to the instructions set out in a manuscript given to them by François Annibal d'Estrées in 1605. It is composed of distilled alcohol aged with 130 herbs, plants and flowers. The liqueur is named after the monks' Grande Chartreuse monastery, located in the Chartreuse Mountains in the general region of Grenoble in France. The liqueur is produced in their distillery in the nearby town of Voiron (Isère). Until the 1980s, there was another distillery at Tarragona in Spain. Chartreuse gives its name to the", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "14538390", "score": "1.5306325", "text": "Alexandre Le Grand (merchant) Alexandre-Prosper-Hubert Le Grand (6 June 1830 – 25 June 1898) was a wine merchant and industrialist of the 19th century who in 1863 invented the liqueur known as Bénédictine from a mixture of native herbs and exotic spices. Born the son of a sea captain in Fécamp, Le Grand discovered, in 1863, an old grimoire in the library of the abbey of Fécamp containing medicinal and herbal recipes collected by the monks of the abbey. With the aid of a pharmacist, he developed the recipe for the liqueur that would make him famous. Inheriting a habit", "title": "Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)" }, { "id": "14538391", "score": "1.5143061", "text": "of eclecticism from his father, Alexandre Le Grand raised the Palais Bénédictine, a building whose architectural style was a mélange of Gothic, Renaissance, and art nouveau, and which in 1888 he made into the headquarters of the Bénédictine company. This building still exists and contains, in addition to the distillery, a museum dedicated to the liqueur. In recognition of his achievements, Le Grand was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor, captain of firefighters, a city councilor of Fécamp, a member of the general council of Seine-Maritime, and a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great.", "title": "Alexandre Le Grand (merchant)" }, { "id": "2126405", "score": "1.5072578", "text": "and VEP Yellow have generally earned similarly impressive scores. The basic Yellow Chartreuse has received more modest (though still average or above) ratings. Works cited Chartreuse (liqueur) Chartreuse () is a French liqueur made by the Carthusian Monks since 1737 according to the instructions set out in a manuscript given to them by François Annibal d'Estrées in 1605. It is composed of distilled alcohol aged with 130 herbs, plants and flowers. The liqueur is named after the monks' Grande Chartreuse monastery, located in the Chartreuse Mountains in the general region of Grenoble in France. The liqueur is produced in their", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" }, { "id": "5730409", "score": "1.4930513", "text": "The company prosecutes those it feels are infringing on its intellectual property. The manufacturing process involves several distillations which are then blended. The recipe of Bénédictine is a commercial secret, but it is known to contain 27 herbs and spices, of which the following 21 are publicly known: \"Angelica\", hyssop, juniper, myrrh, saffron, mace, fir cones, aloe, arnica, lemon balm, tea, thyme, coriander, clove, lemon, vanilla, orange peel, honey, red berries, cinnamon, and nutmeg; leaving six unknown ingredients. The same company also produces \"B & B\" (or Bénédictine and Brandy), developed in the 1930s in response to a shift in", "title": "Bénédictine" }, { "id": "256468", "score": "1.4780245", "text": "Liqueur A liqueur (, ) is an alcoholic beverage flavored variously by fruit, herb, spices, flowers, nuts or cream combined with distilled spirit. Often served with or after dessert, they are typically heavily sweetened and un-aged beyond a resting period during production, when necessary, for their flavors to mingle. Liqueurs are historical descendants of herbal medicines. They were made in Italy as early as the 13th century, often prepared by monks, as in Chartreuse). Today they are produced the world over, commonly served straight, over ice, with coffee, in cocktails, and used in cooking. In some areas of the United", "title": "Liqueur" }, { "id": "9592063", "score": "1.4622672", "text": "known as one of the strictest of the Catholic Church, it was however thrown out of the kingdom by King Gustav Vasa in the 1520s together with many other abbeys. It is since mostly remembered for the liqueur, Chartreuse, produced by the monks in France. While the reason for the present name is unknown, the description of a homicide in the eastern end of the alley in 1622 gives an idea of the reputation it must have had. Arguably, it has been suggested the current name was a jocular corruption of the name of the innkeeper Jochum Fryck (–1714). The", "title": "Norra Dryckesgränd" }, { "id": "2126398", "score": "1.4389368", "text": "roots\", and that yellow chartreuse is, \"Similar to above, adding cardamom seeds and socctrine aloes.\" However the recipe remains a secret. The monks intended their liqueur to be used as medicine. The recipe was further enhanced in 1737 by Brother Gérome Maubec. The beverage soon became popular, and in 1764 the monks adapted the elixir recipe to make what is now called Green Chartreuse. In 1793, the monks were expelled from France along with all other Religious Orders and manufacture of the liqueur ceased. A copy of the manuscript was made and kept at the Monastery. The original left with", "title": "Chartreuse (liqueur)" } ]

[ "Zulu people", "Amazulu", "Zulu-Kaffirs", "AmaZulu", "zulu people", "amazulu", "zulu kaffirs", "zulus", "Zulus" ]

[ { "id": "20982549", "score": "1.7712318", "text": "The Defence of Rorke's Drift The Defence of Rorke's Drift is an 1880 painting by Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler depicting the 1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift which took place during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1877 to 1879. The battle and the men who fought in it were made famous in the 1964 film \"Zulu\". The Battle of Rorke's Drift caused a wave of patriotic fever in the United Kingdom and the surviving participants, especially the officers, were feted on their return in October 1879, first going to Windsor Castle to meet Queen Victoria before posing for Elizabeth Thompson at Portsmouth", "title": "The Defence of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853818", "score": "1.7560968", "text": "Battle of Rorke's Drift The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was a battle in the Anglo-Zulu War. The defence of the mission station of Rorke's Drift, under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead, immediately followed the British Army's defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, and continued into the following day. Just over 150 British and colonial troops successfully defended the garrison against an intense assault by 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The massive but piecemeal Zulu attacks on Rorke's Drift came very", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "20982552", "score": "1.7140894", "text": "having fought in the battle from Lady Butler's sketch of him taken at Portsmouth among the other survivors; his name has subsequently been added to the roll of those who fought at Rorke's Drift. The Defence of Rorke's Drift The Defence of Rorke's Drift is an 1880 painting by Elizabeth Thompson, Lady Butler depicting the 1879 Battle of Rorke's Drift which took place during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1877 to 1879. The battle and the men who fought in it were made famous in the 1964 film \"Zulu\". The Battle of Rorke's Drift caused a wave of patriotic fever in", "title": "The Defence of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853819", "score": "1.71084", "text": "close to defeating the much smaller garrison, but were ultimately repelled. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to the defenders, along with a number of other decorations and honours. Rorke's Drift, known as \"kwaJimu\" (\"Jim's Land\") in the Zulu language, was a mission station and the former trading post of James Rorke, an Irish merchant. It was located near a drift, or ford, on the Buffalo (Mzinyathi) River, which at the time formed the border between the British colony of Natal and the Zulu Kingdom. On 9 January 1879, the British No. 3 (Centre) Column, under Lord Chelmsford, arrived and encamped", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "4436780", "score": "1.6911056", "text": "Zulu Army had withdrawn. Lord Chelmsford and a column of British troops arrived soon afterwards. The garrison had suffered 15 killed during the battle (two died later) and 11 defenders were awarded the Victoria Cross for their distinguished defence of the post, 7 going to soldiers of the 24th Foot. The stand at Rorke's Drift was immortalised in the 1964 movie \"Zulu\". The regiment was not fundamentally affected by the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, which gave it a depot at The Barracks, Brecon from 1873, or by the Childers reforms of 1881 – as it already possessed two battalions,", "title": "South Wales Borderers" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Battle of Rorke's Drift\n\nThe Battle of Rorke's Drift (1879), also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was an engagement in the Anglo-Zulu War. The successful British defence of the mission station of Rorke's Drift, under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead, 24th Regiment of Foot began when a large contingent of Zulu warriors broke off from their main force during the final hour of the British defeat at the day-long Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, diverting to attack Rorke's Drift later that day and continuing into the following day.\n\nJust over 150 British and colonial troops defended the station against attacks by 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The massive but piecemeal attacks by the Zulu on Rorke's Drift came very close to defeating the much smaller garrison, but were consistently repelled. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded among the defenders, along with a number of other decorations and honours.", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Battle of Isandlwana\n\nThe Battle of Isandlwana (alternative spelling: Isandhlwana) on 22 January 1879 was the first major encounter in the Anglo-Zulu War between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Eleven days after the British commenced their invasion of Zululand in Southern Africa, a Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors attacked a portion of the British main column consisting of about 1,800 British, colonial and native troops with approximately 350 civilians. The Zulus were equipped mainly with the traditional assegai iron spears and cow-hide shields, but also had a number of muskets and antiquated rifles.\n\nThe British and colonial troops were armed with the modern Martini–Henry breechloading rifle and two 7-pounder mountain guns deployed as field guns, as well as a Hale rocket battery. The Zulus had a vast disadvantage in weapons technology, but they greatly outnumbered the British and ultimately overwhelmed them, killing over 1,300 troops, including all those out on the forward firing line. The Zulu army suffered anywhere from 1,000 to 3,000 killed.\n\nThe battle was a decisive victory for the Zulus and caused the defeat of the first British invasion of Zululand. The British Army had suffered its worst defeat against an indigenous foe equipped with vastly inferior military technology. and in the destruction of King Cetshwayo's hopes of a negotiated peace.", "title": "Battle of Isandlwana" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Zulu (1964 film)\n\nZulu is a 1964 British epic war film depicting the Battle of Rorke's Drift between the British Army and the Zulus in January 1879, during the Anglo-Zulu War. It shows how 150 British soldiers, 30 of whom were sick and wounded patients in a field hospital, successfully held off a force of 4,000 Zulu warriors.\n\nThe film was directed by American screenwriter Cy Endfield and produced by Stanley Baker and Endfield, with Joseph E. Levine as executive producer. The screenplay was by Endfield and historical writer John Prebble, based on Prebble's 1958 \"Lilliput\" article \"Slaughter in the Sun\". The film stars Baker and introduces Michael Caine, in his first major role, with a supporting cast that includes Jack Hawkins, Ulla Jacobsson, James Booth, Nigel Green, Paul Daneman, Glynn Edwards, Ivor Emmanuel, and Patrick Magee. Zulu chief and future South African political leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi played Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande, his great-grandfather. The opening and closing narration is spoken by Richard Burton.\n\nThe film was first shown on the 85th anniversary of the actual battle, 22 January 1964, at the Plaza Theatre in the West End of London. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers, and critics for \"Time Out\" magazine ranked it the 93rd best British film ever.", "title": "Zulu (1964 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Anglo-Zulu War\n\nThe Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following the passing of the British North America Act of 1867 forming a federation in Canada, Lord Carnarvon thought that a similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African Kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In 1874, Sir Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to effect such plans. Among the obstacles were the armed independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand.\n\nFrere, on his own initiative, sent a provocative ultimatum on 11 December 1878 to the Zulu king Cetshwayo and upon its rejection sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an opening victory of the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, followed by the defence of Rorke's Drift by a small British force from attack by a large Zulu force. The British eventually won the war, ending Zulu dominance of the region.", "title": "Anglo-Zulu War" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Zulu War Victoria Cross recipients" }, { "id": "2802321", "score": "1.6841853", "text": "of the border by the attack on Rorke's Drift. The British government's reasoning for a new invasion was threefold. The first was jingoistic to a degree and national honor demanded that the enemy, victors in one battle, should lose the war. The second concerned the domestic political implications at the next parliamentary elections. However, despite the new invasion, the British Prime Minister Disraeli and his Conservative Party were to lose the 1880 election. Finally, there were considerations affecting the Empire: unless the British were seen to win a clear-cut victory against the Zulus, it would send a signal that the", "title": "Battle of Isandlwana" }, { "id": "13122877", "score": "1.6668122", "text": "a famous defence at Rorke's Drift. The war ended with the defeat and subjugation of the Zulus. Shortly afterwards, the Boer republic of the Transvaal gained its independence after the First Anglo-Boer War. The main engagement of the war was the Battle of Majuba, where a British force was heavily defeated by Boer irregular marksmen. The British commander, Sir George Colley, one of Wolseley's favourites, was killed. Gladstone's government agreed to Boer independence to avoid the expense of a campaign of conquest and subsequent occupation but many British soldiers (including Wolseley and Roberts) were left eager for revenge for their", "title": "British Army during the Victorian Era" }, { "id": "853855", "score": "1.6545422", "text": "Welshmen. Of the 122 soldiers of the 24th Regiment present at the Battle of Rorke's Drift, 49 are known to have been of English nationality, 32 were Welsh, 16 were Irish, one was a Scot, and three were born overseas. The nationalities of the remaining 21 are unknown. In 1990 the game developer Impressions Games released a video game based on the historical battle. The battle was also featured by Mad Doc Software in its 2006 strategy game \"Empire Earth II: The Art of Supremacy\" as one of its \"turning point\" battle modes. S. M. Stirling's 2000 novel \"On the", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "4105729", "score": "1.6527904", "text": "William Allen (VC 1879) William Wilson Allen, VC (\"circa\" 1843 – 12 March 1890) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) for his actions at the Battle of Rorke's Drift in January 1879, the highest and most prestigious award for valour in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He had joined the 24th Regiment at Aldershot in 1859. He was about 35 years old, a sergeant who had recently been reduced in rank to corporal for being drunk on duty. He was in the 2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot", "title": "William Allen (VC 1879)" }, { "id": "853836", "score": "1.6512966", "text": "northwestern wall. Those British on the barricades — including Dalton and Bromhead — were soon engaged in fierce hand-to-hand fighting. The British wall was too high for the Zulus to scale, so they resorted to crouching under the wall, trying to get hold of the defenders' Martini–Henry rifles, slashing at British soldiers with assegais or firing their weapons through the wall. At places, they clambered over each other's bodies to drive the British off the walls but were driven back. Zulu fire, both from those under the wall and around the Oscarberg, inflicted a few casualties, and five of the", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "9622757", "score": "1.6395061", "text": "Battle of Isandlwana and Battle of Rorke's Drift took place between the Zulus and British soldiers. He and his wife, Nicky, established and operated the Fugitives' Drift Lodge. He gained considerable knowledge about the conflicts between the Zulus and British in South Africa as a child as he accompanied his father, a keen amateur historian himself, as he interviewed Zulus in the local community to obtain their accounts of the conflict, some of whose forebears had fought in those wars. He provided tours of the historic battle sites of Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, and his tours are estimated to have", "title": "David Rattray" }, { "id": "853824", "score": "1.6333343", "text": "Assistant Commissary James Dalton (of the Commissariat and Transport Department), held a quick meeting to decide the best course of action – whether to attempt a retreat to Helpmekaar or to defend their current position. Dalton pointed out that a small column, travelling in open country and burdened with carts full of hospital patients, would be easily overtaken and defeated by a numerically superior Zulu force, and so it was soon agreed that the only acceptable course was to remain and fight. Once the British officers decided to stay, Chard and Bromhead directed their men to make preparations to defend", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853821", "score": "1.6310573", "text": "the east, leaving behind the small garrison. A large company of the 2nd/3rd Natal Native Contingent (NNC) under Captain William Stevenson was ordered to remain at the post to strengthen the garrison. This company numbered between 100 and 350 men. Captain Thomas Rainforth's G Company of the 1st/24th Foot was ordered to move up from its station at Helpmekaar, to the southeast, after its own relief arrived, to further reinforce the position. Later that evening a portion of the No. 2 Column under Brevet Colonel Anthony Durnford, late of the Royal Engineers, arrived at the drift and camped on the", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853845", "score": "1.6295224", "text": "were killed when found. At roughly 7:00 am, an Impi of Zulus suddenly appeared, and the British manned their positions again. No attack materialised however, as the Zulus had been on the move for six days prior to the battle and had not eaten properly for two. In their ranks were hundreds of wounded, and they were several days' march from any supplies. Soon after their appearance, the Zulus left the way they had come. Around 8:00 am, another force appeared, and the redcoats left their breakfast to man their positions again. However, the force turned out to be the", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "9056237", "score": "1.6278007", "text": "was prepared. At Rorke's Drift (22–23 January 1879) 139 British soldiers successfully defended the station against an intense assault by four to five thousand Zulu warriors. The Battle of Intombe was fought on 12 March 1879, between British and Zulu forces. The Siege of Eshowe took place during a three-pronged attack on the Impis of Cetshwayo at Ulundi. The Battle of Gingindlovu (uMgungundlovu) was fought between a British relief column sent to break the Siege of Eshowe and the Impis of Cetshwayo on 2 April 1879. The battle restored the British commanders' confidence in their army and their ability to", "title": "Military history of South Africa" }, { "id": "853831", "score": "1.6254013", "text": "invading British soldiers and not carry the war over the border into enemy territory. The Rorke's Drift attack was an unplanned raid rather than any organised counter-invasion, with many of the Undi Corps Zulus breaking off to raid other African kraals and homesteads while the main body advanced on Rorke's Drift. At about 4:00 pm, Surgeon James Reynolds, Otto Witt – the Swedish missionary who ran the mission at Rorke's Drift – and army chaplain Reverend George Smith came down from the Oscarberg hillside with the news that a body of Zulus was fording the river to the southeast and", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853849", "score": "1.6190555", "text": "Conduct Medals were also awarded. This high number of awards for bravery has been interpreted as a reaction to the earlier defeat at the Battle of Isandlwana – the extolling of the victory at Rorke's Drift drawing the public's attention away from the great defeat at Isandlwana and the fact that Lord Chelmsford and Henry Bartle Frere had instigated the war without the approval of Her Majesty's Government. Certainly, Sir Garnet Wolseley, taking over as commander-in-chief from Lord Chelmsford later that year, was unimpressed with the awards made to the defenders of Rorke's Drift, saying \"it is monstrous making heroes", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853850", "score": "1.6181946", "text": "of those who, shut up in buildings at Rorke's Drift, could not bolt and fought like rats for their lives, which they could not otherwise save\". Several historians have challenged this assertion and pointed out that the victory stands on its own merits, regardless of other concerns. Victor Davis Hanson responded to it directly in \"Carnage and Culture\" (also published as \"Why the West Has Won\"), saying, \"Modern critics suggest such lavishness in commendation was designed to assuage the disaster at Isandhlwana and to reassure a skeptical Victorian public that the fighting ability of the British soldier remained unquestioned. Maybe,", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853851", "score": "1.6172996", "text": "maybe not, but in the long annals of military history, it is difficult to find anything quite like Rorke's Drift, where a beleaguered force, outnumbered forty to one, survived and killed twenty men for every defender lost\". Awarded the Victoria Cross: In 1879 there was no provision for the posthumous granting of the Victoria Cross, and so it could not be awarded to anyone who had died in performing an act of bravery. In light of this, an unofficial \"twelfth VC\" may be added to those listed: Private Joseph Williams, B Coy, 2nd/24th Foot, who was killed during the fight", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" }, { "id": "853844", "score": "1.614795", "text": "am. By that time, the garrison had suffered fourteen dead. Two others were mortally wounded and eight more – including Dalton – were seriously wounded. Almost every man had some kind of wound. They were all exhausted, having fought for the better part of ten hours and were running low on ammunition. Of 20,000 rounds in reserve at the mission, only 900 remained. As dawn broke, the British could see that the Zulus were gone; all that remained were the dead and severely wounded. Patrols were dispatched to scout the battlefield, recover rifles, and look for survivors, many of whom", "title": "Battle of Rorke's Drift" } ]

[ "wat tyler", "Wat Tyler", "watt tyler", "Watt Tyler" ]

[ { "id": "674843", "score": "1.8886862", "text": "success, as the defendants were rarely willing to attend court. The last of these cases was resolved in 1387. The rebel leaders were quickly rounded up. A rebel leader by the name of Jack Straw was captured in London and executed. John Ball was caught in Coventry, tried in St Albans, and executed on 15 July. Grindecobbe was also tried and executed in St Albans. John Wrawe was tried in London; he probably gave evidence against 24 of his colleagues in the hope of a pardon, but was sentenced to be executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered on 6", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "11262347", "score": "1.8505442", "text": "and he was forced to leave the village empty handed. Robert Belknap, Chief Justice of Common Pleas, was sent to investigate the incident and to punish the offenders. On 2 June, he was attacked at Brentwood. By this time the violent discontent had spread, and the counties of Essex and Kent were in full revolt. Soon people moved on London in an armed uprising. For his role in the uprising, Thomas Baker was drawn and hanged on 4 July 1381 at Chelmsford. Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader) Thomas Baker, an English landowner, was one of the leaders who initiated the", "title": "Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader)" }, { "id": "674820", "score": "1.847356", "text": "anyone associated with the legal system. On 15 June the royal government and the remaining rebels, who were unsatisfied with the charters granted the previous day, agreed to meet at Smithfield, just outside the city walls. London remained in confusion, with various bands of rebels roaming the city independently. Richard prayed at Westminster Abbey, before setting out for the meeting in the late afternoon. The chronicler accounts of the encounter all vary on matters of detail, but agree on the broad sequence of events. The King and his party, at least 200 strong and including men-at-arms, positioned themselves outside St", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "9814256", "score": "1.8456295", "text": "of 1381 led by Wat Tyler, London was invaded. A group of peasants stormed the Tower of London and executed the Lord Chancellor, Archbishop Simon Sudbury, and the Lord Treasurer. The peasants looted the city and set fire to numerous buildings. Tyler was stabbed to death by the Lord Mayor William Walworth in a confrontation at Smithfield, thus ending the revolt. During the Wars of the Roses there was strong support in London for the Yorkist cause. The Lancastrian Henry VI was forced to leave London for the Midlands in 1456 due to hostile attitudes in the capital. He was", "title": "Norman and Medieval London" }, { "id": "674797", "score": "1.839732", "text": "a great storm in England during May 1381, which many felt to prophesy future change and upheaval, adding further to the disturbed mood. The revolt of 1381 broke out in Essex, following the arrival of John Bampton to investigate non-payment of the poll tax on 30 May. Bampton was a member of Parliament, a Justice of the Peace and well-connected with royal circles. He based himself in Brentwood and summoned representatives from the neighbouring villages of Corringham, Fobbing and Stanford-le-Hope to explain and make good the shortfalls on 1 June. The villagers appear to have arrived well-organised, and armed with", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Wat Tyler\n\nWat Tyler (c. 1320/4 January 1341 – 15 June 1381) was a leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England. He led a group of rebels from Canterbury to London to oppose the institution of a poll tax and to demand economic and social reforms. While the brief rebellion enjoyed early success, Tyler was killed by officers loyal to King Richard II during negotiations at Smithfield, London.", "title": "Wat Tyler" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Richard II of England\n\nRichard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III; upon the latter's death, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.\n\nDuring Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of regency councils, influenced by Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. In contrast to his grandfather, Richard cultivated a refined atmosphere centred on art and culture at court, in which the king was an elevated figure.\n\nThe king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. In 1397, he took his revenge on the Appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's \"tyranny\". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Meeting little resistance, he deposed Richard and had himself crowned king. Richard is thought to have been starved to death in captivity, although questions remain regarding his final fate.\n\nRichard's posthumous reputation has been shaped to a large extent by William Shakespeare, whose play \"Richard II\" portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition as responsible for the 15th-century Wars of the Roses. Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. While probably not insane, as many historians of the 19th and 20th centuries believed, he may have had a personality disorder, particularly manifesting itself towards the end of his reign. Most authorities agree that his policies were not unrealistic or even entirely unprecedented, but that the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, leading to his downfall.", "title": "Richard II of England" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Smithfield, London\n\nSmithfield, properly known as West Smithfield, is a district located in Central London, part of Farringdon Without, the most westerly ward of the City of London, England. \n\nSmithfield is home to a number of City institutions, such as St Bartholomew's Hospital and livery halls, including those of the Butchers' and Haberdashers' Companies. The area is best known for the Smithfield meat market, which dates from the 10th century, has been in continuous operation since medieval times, and is now London's only remaining wholesale market. Smithfield's principal street is called \"West Smithfield\", and the area also contains London's oldest surviving church, St Bartholomew-the-Great, founded in AD 1123.\n\nThe area has borne witness to many executions of heretics and political rebels over the centuries, as well as Scottish knight Sir William Wallace, and Wat Tyler, leader of the Peasants' Revolt, among many other religious reformers and dissenters.\n\nSmithfield Market, a Grade II listed-covered market building, was designed by Victorian architect Sir Horace Jones in the second half of the 19th century, and is the dominant architectural feature of the area. Some of its original market premises fell into disuse in the late 20th century and faced the prospect of demolition. The Corporation of London's public enquiry in 2012 drew widespread support for an urban regeneration plan intent upon preserving Smithfield's historical identity.", "title": "Smithfield, London" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "City of London" }, { "id": "674776", "score": "1.8283873", "text": "London, killing the Lord Chancellor and the Lord High Treasurer, whom they found inside. On 15 June, Richard left the city to meet Tyler and the rebels at Smithfield. Violence broke out, and Richard's party killed Tyler. Richard defused the tense situation long enough for London's mayor, William Walworth, to gather a militia from the city and disperse the rebel forces. Richard immediately began to re-establish order in London and rescinded his previous grants to the rebels. The revolt had also spread into East Anglia, where the University of Cambridge was attacked and many royal officials were killed. Unrest continued", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "2713879", "score": "1.7962818", "text": "radical political move. Ball was \"using the bible against the church\", very threatening to the status quo. Shortly after the Peasants' Revolt began, Ball was released by the Kentish rebels from his prison. He preached to them at Blackheath (the peasants' rendezvous to the south of Greenwich) in an open-air sermon that included the following: When the rebels had dispersed, Ball was taken prisoner at Coventry, given a trial in which, unlike most, he was permitted to speak. He was hanged, drawn and quartered at St Albans in the presence of King Richard II on 15 July 1381. His head", "title": "John Ball (priest)" }, { "id": "1765243", "score": "1.7884197", "text": "Wat Tyler Walter \"Wat\" Tyler (died 15 June 1381) was a leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England. He marched a group of rebels from Canterbury to the capital to oppose the institution of a poll tax and demand economic and social reforms. While the brief rebellion enjoyed early success, Tyler was killed by officers loyal to King Richard II during negotiations at Smithfield, London. Nothing is known of Wat Tyler's early life. Born with the first name Walter, his original surname was unknown. It is thought that the name \"Tyler\" comes from his occupation as a roof tiler.", "title": "Wat Tyler" }, { "id": "20050243", "score": "1.7865431", "text": "motivated at least in part to rebel as a result of the pressures of papal taxation. Along with Wat Tyler and John Wrawe, he was one of the key leaders of the peasants during the revolt of 1381, leading the townspeople of St Alban's on 15 June. He was executed in 1381 along with John Wrawe and John Ball. His trial and execution was overseen by Henry le Despenser. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, he became well known for his actions against the high lord Thomas de la Mare, Abbot of St. Albans. He led a deputation to King", "title": "William Grindecobbe" }, { "id": "674805", "score": "1.777065", "text": "the Earls of Arundel, Salisbury and Warwick and several other senior nobles. A delegation, headed by Thomas Brinton, the Bishop of Rochester, was sent out from London to negotiate with the rebels and persuade them to return home. At Blackheath, John Ball gave a famous sermon to the assembled Kentishmen. Ball was a well-known priest and radical preacher from Kent, who was by now closely associated with Tyler. Chroniclers' accounts vary as to how he came to be involved in the revolt; he may have been released from Maidstone gaol by the crowds, or might have been already at liberty", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "674835", "score": "1.7753229", "text": "July a group of armed men, under the command of John de Gisbourne, forced their way into the city and attempted to seize control. The mayor, Simon de Quixlay, gradually began to reclaim authority, but order was not properly restored until 1382. The news of the southern revolt reached Scarborough where riots broke out against the ruling elite on 23 June, with the rebels dressed in white hoods with a red tail at the back. Members of the local government were deposed from office, and one tax collector was nearly lynched. By 1382 the elite had re-established power. In the", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "674802", "score": "1.7718387", "text": "as an archer and was a charismatic and capable leader. Several chroniclers believe that he was responsible for shaping the political aims of the revolt. Some also mention a Jack Straw as a leader among the Kentish rebels during this phase in the revolt, but it is uncertain if this was a real person, or a pseudonym for Wat Tyler or John Wrawe. Tyler and the Kentish men advanced to Canterbury, entering the walled city and castle without resistance on 10 June. The rebels deposed the absent Archbishop of Canterbury, Sudbury, and made the cathedral monks swear loyalty to their", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "674844", "score": "1.7711273", "text": "May 1382. Sir Roger Bacon was probably arrested before the final battle in Norfolk, and was tried and imprisoned in the Tower of London before finally being pardoned by the Crown. As of September 1381, Thomas Ingleby of Bridgwater had successfully evaded the authorities. The royal government and Parliament began to re-establish the normal processes of government after the revolt; as the historian Michael Postan describes, the uprising was in many ways a \"passing episode\". On 30 June, the King ordered England's serfs to return to their previous conditions of service, and on 2 July the royal charters signed under", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "1556487", "score": "1.7662356", "text": "by Charles of France at Paris a few years earlier, upon the arrival of his consort Isabel of Bavaria. Geoffrey Chaucer supervised preparations for the tournament as a clerk to the King. Along with Tyburn, Smithfield was for centuries the main site for the public execution of heretics and dissidents in London. The Scottish nobleman Sir William Wallace was executed in 1305 at West Smithfield. The market was the meeting place prior to the Peasants' Revolt and where the Revolt's leader, Wat Tyler, was slain by Sir William Walworth, Lord Mayor of London on 15 June 1381. Religious dissenters (Catholics", "title": "Smithfield, London" }, { "id": "674810", "score": "1.7646024", "text": "over for execution. It included national figures, such as John of Gaunt, Archbishop Sudbury and Hales; other key members of the royal council; officials, such as Belknap and Bampton who had intervened in Kent; and other hated members of the wider royal circle. When they reached the Marshalsea Prison in Southwark, they tore it apart. By now the Kent and Essex rebels had been joined by many rebellious Londoners. The Fleet and Newgate Prisons were attacked by the crowds, and the rebels also targeted houses belonging to Flemish immigrants. On the north side of London, the rebels approached Smithfield and", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "11262346", "score": "1.7620718", "text": "Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader) Thomas Baker, an English landowner, was one of the leaders who initiated the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. Thomas Baker's holding was \"Pokattescroft alias Bakerescroft\" in Fobbing. This holding still exists, although by the time of the 19th century tithe map it had become known as Whitehall Six Acres The Peasants' Revolt was triggered by incidents in the Essex villages of Fobbing and Brentwood. On 30 May, John Brampton attempted to collect the poll tax from villagers at Fobbing. The villagers, led by Thomas Baker, a local landowner, told Brampton that they would give him nothing", "title": "Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader)" }, { "id": "674823", "score": "1.7611792", "text": "and persuaded them to follow him away from Smithfields, to Clerkenwell Fields, defusing the situation. Walworth meanwhile began to regain control of the situation, backed by reinforcements from the city. Tyler's head was cut off and displayed on a pole and, with their leader dead and the royal government now backed by the London militia, the rebel movement began to collapse. Richard promptly knighted Walworth and his leading supporters for their services. While the revolt was unfolding in London, John Wrawe led his force into Suffolk. Wrawe had considerable influence over the development of the revolt across eastern England, where", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "674830", "score": "1.7602165", "text": "up its royal privileges. Revolt then spread north from Cambridge toward Ely, where the gaol was opened and the local Justice of the Peace executed. In Norfolk, the revolt was led by Geoffrey Litster, a weaver, and Sir Roger Bacon, a local lord with ties to the Suffolk rebels. Litster began sending out messengers across the county in a call to arms on 14 June, and isolated outbreaks of violence occurred. The rebels assembled on 17 June outside Norwich and killed Sir Robert Salle, who was in charge of the city defences and had attempted to negotiate a settlement. The", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "674826", "score": "1.7572476", "text": "Battisford and Thomas Sampson independently led a revolt near Ipswich on 14 June. They took the town without opposition and looted the properties of the archdeacon and local tax officials. The violence spread out further, with attacks on many properties and the burning of the local court records. One official, Edmund Lakenheath, was forced to flee from the Suffolk coast by boat. Revolt began to stir in St Albans in Hertfordshire late on 13 June, when news broke of the events in London. There had been long-running disagreements in St Albans between the town and the local abbey, which had", "title": "Peasants' Revolt" }, { "id": "573613", "score": "1.756068", "text": "against the governing classes in the lower levels of English society. Whereas the poll tax of 1381 was the spark of the Peasants' Revolt, the root of the conflict lay in tensions between peasants and landowners precipitated by the economic and demographic consequences of the Black Death and subsequent outbreaks of the plague. The rebellion started in Kent and Essex in late May, and on 12 June, bands of peasants gathered at Blackheath near London under the leaders Wat Tyler, John Ball, and Jack Straw. John of Gaunt's Savoy Palace was burnt down. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Sudbury, who", "title": "Richard II of England" } ]

[ "Monty Pythons Spamalot", "monty python s spamalot", "Monty Python's Spamalot", "monty pythons spamalot", "spamelot", "spamalot", "SPAMalot", "not dead fred", "Spamelot", "Not Dead Fred", "Spamalot" ]

[ { "id": "626125", "score": "1.6818097", "text": "in February 2005. Idle also wrote the book and co-wrote the music and lyrics for the musical \"Monty Python's Spamalot\", based on the film \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\". It premiered in Chicago before moving to Broadway, where it received the Tony Award for Best Musical of the 2004–05 season. Idle won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics. In a 2005 poll to find \"\"The Comedians' Comedian\"\" (UK), he was voted 21 in the top 50 greatest comedy acts ever by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. An example of Idle's idiosyncratic writing is \"Ants in Their Pants\" –", "title": "Eric Idle" }, { "id": "626130", "score": "1.6774564", "text": "on national radio. The song contains 14 uses of that expletive. The song can be downloaded in MP3 and OGG Vorbis format at the Internet Archive. In 2004, the musical comedy \"Spamalot\" debuted in Chicago and opened in New York's Shubert Theatre on 14 February 2005. Idle wrote the lyrics and book for \"Spamalot\", collaborating with John Du Prez on much of the music. The original 2005 Broadway theatre production was nominated for 14 Tony Awards and won three: Best Musical, Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical (Sara Ramirez), and Best Direction of a Musical (Mike Nichols).", "title": "Eric Idle" }, { "id": "8561705", "score": "1.641125", "text": "Warner/Chappell Publishing, and executive for Warner Arts on the label side. As producer, Deutsch received his first Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album in 2009 for The Original Broadway Cast Album In The Heights along with fellow producers Alex Lacamoire, Andrés Levin, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Joel Moss & Bill Sherman. He has since received two more Grammy Awards for Best Musical Show Album for and . A full list of Grammy Award wins and nominations for Sh-K-Boom/ Ghostlight Records are as follows: 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2011 2014 Sh-K-Boom and Ghostlight were awarded a special 2006 Drama Desk Award", "title": "Kurt Deutsch" }, { "id": "3713504", "score": "1.6386008", "text": "2006 \"Extraordinarily Deluxe Two-Disc Edition\" DVD re-release of \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\". In the original Broadway production, Sara Ramirez sang the line, \"I've no Grammy, no reward/I've no Tony Award.\" Ironically, the show's original cast album won the Grammy for Best Musical Theater Album in 2006 and Ramirez herself won the Tony for Best Featured Actress in 2005. The two awards led to a minor change to the song \"The Diva's Lament\". Initially, the line became \"My Tony Award/won't keep me out of Betty Ford's\". When Lauren Kennedy took over for Sara Ramirez, it became \"My predecessor won", "title": "Spamalot" }, { "id": "626131", "score": "1.6346354", "text": "He wrote, produced and performed the song \"Really Nice Day\" for the movie \"The Wild\". In June 2007, \"Not the Messiah\", a comic oratorio by Idle and John Du Prez premiered at the inaugural Luminato arts festival in Toronto. Idle himself performed during this 50-minute oratorio, along with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and members of the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir. The composer, John Du Prez, was also present. Shannon Mercer, Jean Stilwell, Christopher Sieber, and Theodore Baerg sang the principal parts. The American premiere was at Caramoor (Westchester County, New York) on 1 July 2007. Soloists were the same as in", "title": "Eric Idle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Spamalot\n\nSpamalot (also known as Monty Python's Spamalot) is a musical comedy with music by John Du Prez and Eric Idle, and lyrics and book by Idle. It is adapted from the 1975 film \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\". \n\nLike the motion picture, it is a highly irreverent parody of the Arthurian legend, but it differs from the film in many ways. The original 2005 Broadway production, directed by Mike Nichols, received 14 Tony Awards nominations, winning in three categories, including Best Musical. During its initial run of 1,575 performances, it was seen by more than two million people and grossed over $175 million.\n\nA Paramount Pictures film adaptation, directed by Casey Nicholaw in his directorial debut from a script by Idle, was in pre-production as of 2021.", "title": "Spamalot" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John Du Prez\n\nJohn Du Prez (born Trevor Jones; 14 December 1946) is a British musician, conductor and composer. He was a member of the 1980s salsa-driven pop band Modern Romance and has since written several film scores including \"Oxford Blues\" (1984), \"Once Bitten\", \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (1990), and the final Carry On film, \"Carry On Columbus\" (1992). He contributed to \"The Wild\" (2006) soundtrack. \n\nHe is also known for his extensive collaborations with Monty Python, having worked on several films and shows by members of the troupe, including composing, conducting, and arranging for \"Monty Python’s Life of Brian\" (1979), \"Time Bandits\", \"Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl\" (both 1982), \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\" (1983), \"A Private Function\" (1984), \"A Fish Called Wanda\" (1988), \"The Wind in the Willows (1996), \n\"Spamalot\" (2004), \"Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)\" (2010), and \"Monty Python Live (Mostly)\" (2014). For his work on \"Spamalot\", which ran 1,575 performances on Broadway, he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Original Score.", "title": "John Du Prez" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Eric Idle\n\nEric Idle (born 29 March 1943) is an English actor, comedian, musician and writer. Idle was a member of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python and the parody rock band The Rutles, and is the writer of the music and lyrics for the Broadway musical \"Spamalot\" (based on \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\").\n\nKnown for his elaborate wordplay and musical numbers, Idle performed many of the songs featured in Python projects, including \"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\" (from \"Life of Brian\"), and the \"Galaxy Song\" (from \"The Meaning of Life\"). After \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\", he created the sketch show \"Rutland Weekend Television\" (1975-76), hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" in the US four times in the first five seasons and guest-starred on \"The Simpsons\". Idle's initially successful solo career faltered in the 1990s with the failures of his 1993 film \"Splitting Heirs\" (which he wrote, produced, and starred in) and 1998's \"\" (in which he starred). He revived his career by returning to the source of his worldwide fame, adapting Monty Python material for other media. Following the success of the musical \"Spamalot\" (which won the Tony Award for Best Musical), he also wrote \"Not the Messiah\", an oratorio derived from the \"Life of Brian\". He was featured in a one-hour symphony of British music when he performed to a global audience at the London 2012 Olympic Games closing ceremony.", "title": "Eric Idle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album\n\nThe Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award is generally given to the album producer, principal vocalist(s), and the composer and lyricist if they have written a new score which comprises 51% or more playing time of the album.", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "48th Annual Grammy Awards\n\nThe 48th Annual Grammy Awards took place on February 8, 2006, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning from October 1, 2004 through September 30, 2005. Irish rock band U2 were the main recipients with five awards including Album of the Year. Mariah Carey, John Legend, and Kanye West were each nominated for eight awards and won three; Alison Krauss & Union Station also won three awards; and Kelly Clarkson won two. Green Day were amongst the big winners, winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year.", "title": "48th Annual Grammy Awards" }, { "id": "12118832", "score": "1.6319714", "text": "score. In late 2016 Lacamoire transitioned to the role of music supervisor, ending his stint of conducting each show, and instead supervising the music at all of the different productions. Lacamoire won his second Tony Award for Best Orchestrations in 2016 for the Broadway production of \"Hamilton\". The show's Original Broadway Cast Recording was released digitally on September 25, 2015, and by Atlantic Records as a two-disc set on October 25, 2015. It won a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album in 2016, earning Lacamoire his second Grammy as a record producer. Lacamoire is a regular participant in the", "title": "Alex Lacamoire" }, { "id": "5484398", "score": "1.6302701", "text": "the London University's Music Department before becoming a full-time composer. He would then begin a 30-year working relationship with Eric Idle. Du Prez has often worked with Eric Idle for the music for Monty Python, most notably the score for \"Monty Python's The Meaning of Life\" as well as with John Cleese on \"A Fish Called Wanda\". He acted as music arranger on the Terry Jones film \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\" (1979) and on the Terry Gilliam film \"Time Bandits\" (1981), the latter starring Sean Connery, and he also co-wrote the music for the stage musical \"Spamalot\", as well", "title": "John Du Prez" }, { "id": "2716973", "score": "1.6132994", "text": "\"Award to the principal vocalist(s) and the album producer(s) of 51% or more playing time of the album. The lyricist(s) and composer(s) of a new score are eligible for an Award if they have written and/or composed a new score which comprises 51% or more playing time of the album.\" Therefore, composers and lyricists are ineligible when recordings contain a majority of previously released material (revivals, collected works). Also, while they are not listed among the nominees, since 2001 the Recording Academy has awarded an official Grammy to the engineers/mixers of the winning Album. Years reflect the year in which", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album" }, { "id": "1344917", "score": "1.5868013", "text": "2002 for Best Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical An award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievement in the mainly English-language music industry, held since 1959. Luhrmann has been specifically been nominated twice, with additional accolades for songs on the albums he has produced for his films, including wins for Lady Marmalade at 2002's Grammy's (Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals), as well as nominations for Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song) for the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media the 2014 Grammy's. The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more", "title": "Baz Luhrmann" }, { "id": "2716972", "score": "1.5803424", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album The Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award was given only to the album producer, and to the composer and lyricist who wrote at least 51% of the music which had not been recorded previously. Over the years, the qualifications for the individual nominees has fluctuated with principal artists, composers, and producers at one point being the sole eligible nominee, to the more recent standard which includes those whose contributions accounted for the majority of the album. As of 2012, the award description is as follows:", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album" }, { "id": "13799506", "score": "1.5609406", "text": "at the 2010 Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. The of the musical was released on April 20, 2010. The cast album includes all the songs featured in the musical plus a brand new recording of \"When It's Time\" by Green Day. The album won Best Musical Show Album at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. Reviews for the Berkeley Repertory Theatre production were mixed. Charles McNulty of the \"Los Angeles Times\" called the show \"kinetically entertaining in a way that intentionally reflects the shallow, media-saturated culture the album rails against\". Karen D'Souza of \"San Jose Mercury News\" called the production", "title": "American Idiot (musical)" }, { "id": "10269434", "score": "1.5602616", "text": "Musical for \"In the Heights\" (2008), \"Avenue Q\" (2004), and \"Rent\" (1996). Other producing credits include \"Motown the Musical\" (Broadway and tour), \"The Drowsy Chaperone\" (five 2006 Tony Awards), Baz Luhrmann's \"La Bohème\" (two 2002 Tony Awards), the hit revival of \"West Side Story\" (2009), \"Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo\" (2011), and \"[title of show]\" (2008). McCollum was co-producer of the musical \"Rent\" in 1996, winner of that year's Tony Awards for Best Musical, Best Book, Best Score and Best Featured Actor. It also won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, making it only the fifth musical to ever win", "title": "Kevin McCollum" }, { "id": "7134303", "score": "1.5582945", "text": "Producers: A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks\", about the making of the hit Broadway show’s cast album. The film was awarded a Grammy in 2002. Three of the Met’s \"Live in HD\" productions released on DVD—John Adams’s \"Doctor Atomic\", Wagner’s \"Ring\" cycle, and Thomas Adès’s \"The Tempest\" (the last two both directed by Robert Lepage)—won consecutive Grammys for best opera recording for the company and for Gelb as executive producer between 2011 and 2013. He also received the Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award for the \"Live in HD\" series in 2011. \"TIME\" magazine named Gelb a 2008 honoree of the Time", "title": "Peter Gelb" }, { "id": "10028807", "score": "1.5463303", "text": "Melody Ballet” (see above) “Let Me Sing and I’m Happy” from Mammy (1930), music and lyrics by Irving Berlin “That’s Entertainment” from The Band Wagon (1953), music by Arthur Schwartz and lyrics by Howard Dietz Source:Playbill New musicals Revivals The nominees were announced on May 10, 2005 by Alan Cumming, Lynn Redgrave, Kate Burton and Brian Stokes Mitchell. \"Monty Python's Spamalot\" received 14 nominations, the most of any production at the time, followed by \"Dirty Rotten Scoundrels\" and \"The Light in the Piazza\" with 11 nominations each. Source:Playbill Winners are in bold Best Special Theatrical Event Regional Theatre Tony Award", "title": "59th Tony Awards" }, { "id": "15178814", "score": "1.5416398", "text": "\"Not the Messiah\" for Eric Idle and John Du Prez. His musical adaptation of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel \"The Phantom of the Opera\" (not to be confused with Andrew Lloyd Webber's stage version) toured North America in 1990, receiving positive reviews. In 1996, Hochman wrote \"A Sondheim Medley\", which was later authorized by Mr. Sondheim. Hochman's song, \"Rising Like The Sun\", was performed at the opening ceremony for \"America's Millennium\" in Washington, DC. He provided orchestrations for the 2004 premiere of Frank Loesser's \"Señor Discretion Himself\" at the Arena Stage in Washington, DC. Hochman also orchestrated Marvin Hamlisch's score for", "title": "Larry Hochman" }, { "id": "269779", "score": "1.5411893", "text": "the musical could be finished within a year. No creative team or plan has been announced. Brooks is one of the few people who have received an Oscar, an Emmy, a Tony, and a Grammy. He was awarded his first Grammy for Best Spoken Comedy Album in 1999 for his recording of \"The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000\" with Carl Reiner. His two other Grammys came in 2002 for Best Musical Show Album for the cast album of \"The Producers\" and for Best Long Form Music Video for the DVD \"Recording the Producers – A Musical Romp", "title": "Mel Brooks" }, { "id": "2716974", "score": "1.5386462", "text": "the Grammy Awards were handed out, for music released in the previous year. As of 2008, the current eligibility year is defined by the Recording Academy as beginning October 1, and ending the following September 30. Awards are given in February following the eligibility period. This award has had several minor name changes: Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album The Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album has been awarded since 1959. The award was given only to the album producer, and to the composer and lyricist who wrote at least 51% of the music which had not been", "title": "Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album" }, { "id": "3047887", "score": "1.5381045", "text": "and was nominated for a 2008 Tony Award for Best Original Score; eight original Christmas songs for Stephen Colbert's 2008 television special, \"\", which won a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album; \"TV Is a Vast Wonderland\", the opening to the 2011 Emmy Awards; the opening \"What If Life Were More Like Theater?\" and closing (\"If I Had Time\") songs for the 66th Tony Awards, for which he won his 13th Emmy along with a Writers Guild Award for Best Writing in a TV Special); \"The Number in the Middle of the Show\", for the 2013 Emmy Awards; \"We're Fusion!\",", "title": "David Javerbaum" }, { "id": "9618513", "score": "1.5351245", "text": "fellow composer/lyricist Gary Adler and book writer Kevin Del Aguila, wrote and created the Off-Broadway musical, \"Altar Boyz\" which won the 2005 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Musical. In addition, the show was nominated for 7 Drama Desk Awards (including 2 each for Walker and Adler for Best Music and for Best Lyrics) and 4 Lucille Lortel Awards including Best Off-Broadway Musical. The show ran for 2,032 performances making it the 9th-longest running Off-Broadway musical off all times and has been translated into multiple languages to be performed around the world. In 2005 through 2008, Walker composer numerous", "title": "Michael Patrick Walker" }, { "id": "3543000", "score": "1.5304749", "text": "winner is...\" to \"And the Oscar goes to...\" became the norm for awards shows in general, not just for the Oscars. Carr also first hired comedian Bruce Vilanch as head comedy writer of the show, a job Vilanch still held as of 2015. That same year Carr helmed the project \"Goya...A Life in Song\" with Freddie Gershon and CBS Records, a concept album and, later, an off-Broadway musical theater production written by Maury Yeston (\"Nine\") and featuring Plácido Domingo as artist Francisco Goya. Still in development for a full Broadway production, the music has been recorded by Domingo with Dionne", "title": "Allan Carr" } ]

[ "Asaph Hall", "asaph hall iii", "asaph hall", "Asaph Hall III" ]

[ { "id": "14249545", "score": "1.705045", "text": "determine the distance of the Earth from the Sun, based upon the relative size of the orbits of Mars and the Earth. He noted that the edge of the disk of Mars appeared fuzzy because of its atmosphere, which limited the precision he could obtain for the planet's position. In August 1877, the American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered the two moons of Mars using a telescope at the U.S. Naval Observatory. The names of the two satellites, Phobos and Deimos, were chosen by Hall based upon a suggestion by Henry Madan, a science instructor at Eton College in England. During", "title": "History of Mars observation" }, { "id": "1606993", "score": "1.6797082", "text": "crater on the Moon as well as Hall crater on the Martian moon Phobos are named in his honor. Asaph Hall Asaph Hall III (October 15, 1829 – November 22, 1907) was an American astronomer who is most famous for having discovered the moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos, in 1877. He determined the orbits of satellites of other planets and of double stars, the rotation of Saturn, and the mass of Mars. Hall was born in Goshen, Connecticut, the son of Asaph Hall II (1800–42), a clockmaker, and Hannah Palmer (1804–80). His paternal grandfather Asaph Hall I (June 11,", "title": "Asaph Hall" }, { "id": "8638077", "score": "1.6795847", "text": "Phobos and Deimos in fiction Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Due to their small size, both moons were discovered only in 1877, by astronomer Asaph Hall. Nevertheless, they frequently feature in works of science fiction. Some of the earliest mentions of Mars's moons in fiction predate their discovery. In Jonathan Swift's famous satire \"Gulliver's Travels\" (1726), the astronomers of flying island Laputa are described as having discovered two satellites of Mars. Voltaire's short story \"Micromégas\" (1752), about alien visitors from Sirius and Saturn, also describes Mars as having two moons. Voltaire is thought to have been influenced by", "title": "Phobos and Deimos in fiction" }, { "id": "4802003", "score": "1.6503837", "text": "pre-1925 astronomical convention that began the day at noon, give the time of discovery as 11 August 14:40 and 17 August 16:06 Washington mean time respectively). At the time, he was deliberately searching for Martian moons. Hall had previously seen what appeared to be a Martian moon on 10 August, but due to bad weather, he could not definitively identify them until later. Hall recorded his discovery of Phobos in his notebook as follows: The telescope used for the discovery was the 26-inch (66 cm) refractor (telescope with a lens) then located at Foggy Bottom. In 1893 the lens was", "title": "Moons of Mars" }, { "id": "15636118", "score": "1.6438868", "text": "on chemistry and physics. In 1887, he co-published \"Exercises in practical chemistry\" with A. G. V. Harcourt, which became a standard textbook for many years thereafter. In 1877, American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two satellites orbiting the planet Mars. Various names were proposed, but Asaph chose the suggestion of Henry Madan, who proposed the names \"Deimus\" (later Deimos) and \"Phobus\" (later Phobos). (These names are found in the Fifteenth Book, line 119 of Homer's \"Iliad\".) Henry was the brother of Falconer Madan (1851–1935), the librarian of the Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford. Falconer's granddaughter, Venetia Burney (1918–2009), holds", "title": "Henry George Madan" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Moons of Mars\n\nThe two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos. They are irregular in shape. Both were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall in August 1877 and are named after the Greek mythological twin characters Phobos (fear and panic) and Deimos (terror and dread) who accompanied their father Ares into battle. Ares, god of war, was known to the Romans as Mars.\n\nCompared to the Earth's Moon, the moons Phobos and Deimos are small. Phobos has a diameter of 22.2 km (13.8 mi) and a mass of 1.08 kg, while Deimos measures 12.6 km (7.8 mi) across, with a mass of 2.0 kg. Phobos orbits closer to Mars, with a semi-major axis of and an orbital period of 7.66 hours; while Deimos orbits farther with a semi-major axis of and an orbital period of 30.35 hours.", "title": "Moons of Mars" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Asaph Hall\n\nAsaph Hall III (October 15, 1829 – November 22, 1907) was an American astronomer who is best known for having discovered the two moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos, in 1877. He determined the orbits of satellites of other planets and of double stars, the rotation of Saturn, and the mass of Mars.", "title": "Asaph Hall" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Phobos (moon)\n\nPhobos (; systematic designation: ) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. The two moons were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall. It is named after Phobos, the Greek god of fear and panic, who is the son of Ares (Mars) and twin brother of Deimos.\n\nPhobos is a small, irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of .<ref name=\"NASA\" /> Phobos orbits from the Martian surface, closer to its primary body than any other known planetary moon. It is so close that it orbits Mars much faster than Mars rotates, and completes an orbit in just 7 hours and 39 minutes. As a result, from the surface of Mars it appears to rise in the west, move across the sky in 4 hours and 15 minutes or less, and set in the east, twice each Martian day.\n\nPhobos is one of the least reflective bodies in the Solar System, with an albedo of just 0.071. Surface temperatures range from about on the sunlit side to on the shadowed side.<ref name=\"phobos\" /> The defining surface feature is the large impact crater, Stickney, which takes up a substantial proportion of the moon's surface. The surface is also home to many grooves, with there being numerous theories as to how these grooves were formed.\n\nImages and models indicate that Phobos may be a rubble pile held together by a thin crust that is being torn apart by tidal interactions. Phobos gets closer to Mars by about 2 cm per year, and it is predicted that within 30 to 50 million years it will either collide with the planet or break up into a planetary ring.", "title": "Phobos (moon)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Deimos (moon)\n\nDeimos (systematic designation: Mars II) It is named after Deimos, the Ancient Greek god and personification of dread and terror.", "title": "Deimos (moon)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cultural influence of Gulliver's Travels\n\nThe cultural influence of Gulliver's Travels has spanned centuries.", "title": "Cultural influence of Gulliver's Travels" }, { "id": "4801998", "score": "1.6390047", "text": "Moons of Mars The two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos. Both were discovered by Asaph Hall in August 1877 and are named after the Greek mythological twin characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror/dread) who accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romans. Phobos orbits closer to Mars, with a semi-major axis of to Deimos' . The existence of the moons of Mars had been speculated about since the moons of Jupiter were discovered. It is known that when Galileo, as a hidden report about him having observed two bumps", "title": "Moons of Mars" }, { "id": "458526", "score": "1.6370273", "text": "give these moons their names; they were named by his son John in 1847 and 1852, respectively, after his death. Herschel measured the axial tilt of Mars and discovered that the martian ice caps, first observed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1666) and Christiaan Huygens (1672), changed size with that planet's seasons. It has been suggested that Herschel might have discovered rings around Uranus. Herschel introduced but did not create the word \"asteroid\", meaning \"star-like\" (from the Greek \"asteroeides\", \"aster\" \"star\" + \"-eidos\" \"form, shape\"), in 1802 (shortly after Olbers discovered the second minor planet, 2 Pallas, in late March), to", "title": "William Herschel" }, { "id": "20495703", "score": "1.6355796", "text": "them at all with his relatively small telescope was regarded as remarkable. In a letter to the Times, he estimated the diameter of Mars' outer moon, Deimos, as 20 miles (32 km), a little over twice its actual diameter and contradicting other correspondents whose estimates were more accurate.; his comments and the replies were good-natured. In 1878 he published a paper on the Martian satellites in the \"Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society\". In 1880 he became one of the first astronomers to notice the motion of the red spot of Jupiter against other surface details. He also observed", "title": "Wentworth Erck" }, { "id": "635220", "score": "1.6355155", "text": "with the planet, or break up into a planetary ring. Phobos was discovered by astronomer Asaph Hall on 18 August 1877, at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., at about 09:14 Greenwich Mean Time (contemporary sources, using the pre-1925 astronomical convention that began the day at noon, give the time of discovery as 17 August at 16:06 Washington mean time). Hall had discovered Deimos, Mars's other moon, a few days earlier on 12 August 1877 at about 07:48 UTC. The names, originally spelled \"Phobus\" and \"Deimus\" respectively, were suggested by Henry Madan (1838–1901), Science Master of Eton, based", "title": "Phobos (moon)" }, { "id": "14249542", "score": "1.6244813", "text": "famous explorers for the distinct features. In 1869, he observed two dark linear features on the surface that he referred to as \"canali\", which is Italian for 'channels' or 'grooves'. In 1867, English astronomer Richard A. Proctor created a more detailed map of Mars based on the 1864 drawings of English astronomer William R. Dawes. Proctor named the various lighter or darker features after astronomers, past and present, who had contributed to the observations of Mars. During the same decade, comparable maps and nomenclature were produced by the French astronomer Camille Flammarion and the English astronomer Nathan Green. At the", "title": "History of Mars observation" }, { "id": "14249544", "score": "1.6183784", "text": "of the Moon. As the spectrum of the latter did not display absorption lines of water, they believed they had detected the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere of Mars. This result was confirmed by German astronomer Herman C. Vogel in 1872 and English astronomer Edward W. Maunder in 1875, but would later come into question. A particularly favorable perihelic opposition occurred in 1877. The English astronomer David Gill used this opportunity to measure the diurnal parallax of Mars from Ascension Island, which led to a parallax estimate of . Using this result, he was able to more accurately", "title": "History of Mars observation" }, { "id": "4802002", "score": "1.6114535", "text": "these 'predictions', two craters on Deimos are named Swift and Voltaire, while on Phobos there is one named regio, \"Laputa Regio\", and one named planitia, \"Lagado Planitia\", both of which are named after places in \"Gulliver's Travels\" (the fictional Laputa, a flying island, and Lagado, imaginary capital of the fictional nation Balnibarbi). Many of the craters on Phobos are also named after characters in \"Gulliver's Travels\". Asaph Hall discovered Deimos on 12 August 1877 at about 07:48 UTC and Phobos on 18 August 1877, at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., at about 09:14 GMT (contemporary sources, using the", "title": "Moons of Mars" }, { "id": "3474098", "score": "1.6065049", "text": "of Mars Deimos and Phobos, he claimed to have found a third satellite of Mars. Further analysis showed large mistakes in his observations. He was director of Washburn Observatory at the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 1881 to 1885. He was elected a member of the American National Academy of Sciences in 1885. He discovered a total of 22 NGC objects during his work at Washburn Observatory. He was president of the University of California from 1885 until 1888, and the first director of the Lick Observatory from 1888 until the end of 1897. He resigned as a result of internal", "title": "Edward S. Holden" }, { "id": "1606991", "score": "1.5942044", "text": "At the time, he was deliberately searching for Martian moons. Hall had previously seen what appeared to be a Martian moon on 10 August, but due to bad weather, he could not definitively identify them until later. Hall recorded his discovery of Phobos in his notebook as follows: Hall retired from the Navy in 1891. He became a lecturer in celestial mechanics at Harvard University in 1896, and continued to teach there until 1901. The Halls had four children. Asaph Hall, Jr. (1859–1930) became an astronomer, Samuel Stickney Hall (1864–1936) worked for Mutual Life Insurance Company, Angelo Hall (1868–1922) became", "title": "Asaph Hall" }, { "id": "11919313", "score": "1.5906974", "text": "Asaph Hall Jr. Asaph Hall IV (October 6, 1859 – January 12, 1930), known as Asaph Hall Jr., was an American astronomer. He was the son of Asaph Hall, who discovered the moons of the planet Mars. One of his brothers was Percival Hall. Hall was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1859. He was the son of the astronomer Asaph Hall and the mathematician Angeline Stickney Hall. He grew up in Washington, D.C., where his father worked at the United States Naval Observatory. He attended the Columbian College in the District of Columbia (now George Washington University) and then Harvard", "title": "Asaph Hall Jr." }, { "id": "2964372", "score": "1.58763", "text": "for three decades. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1879 then became an instructor in physics from 1880 to 1887. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1883 at age 25. He discovered Saturn's ninth moon Phoebe in 1899 from plates taken in 1898. He produced a photographic atlas of the Moon: \"The Moon : A Summary of the Existing Knowledge of our Satellite\" in 1903. He believed he discovered a tenth moon in 1905 from plates taken in 1904, which he called \"Themis\". For this discovery he was awarded", "title": "William Henry Pickering" }, { "id": "1606985", "score": "1.5713905", "text": "Asaph Hall Asaph Hall III (October 15, 1829 – November 22, 1907) was an American astronomer who is most famous for having discovered the moons of Mars, Deimos and Phobos, in 1877. He determined the orbits of satellites of other planets and of double stars, the rotation of Saturn, and the mass of Mars. Hall was born in Goshen, Connecticut, the son of Asaph Hall II (1800–42), a clockmaker, and Hannah Palmer (1804–80). His paternal grandfather Asaph Hall I (June 11, 1735 – Mar. 29, 1800) was a Revolutionary War officer and Connecticut state legislator. His father died when he", "title": "Asaph Hall" }, { "id": "16231515", "score": "1.5680289", "text": "with disappointment. During the 1886 Mars opposition, he assisted the observatory director, Henri Perrotin, in observing the planet with a reflecting telescope. Both men reported that they spotted \"canali\" on the surface of the planet, apparently confirming the 1877 discovery of these features by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. Thollon died in Lyon, France. Louis Thollon Louis Thollon (May 2, 1829 – April 8, 1887) was a French astronomer. He was born in Ambronay, France. Beginning in 1881, Thollon joined the staff of the new Nice Observatory where he undertook a long-term observation program of the Sun using a spectroscope of", "title": "Louis Thollon" }, { "id": "14249551", "score": "1.5655732", "text": "the atmosphere, he did not believe the caps were sufficiently large to allow the water vapor to be detected. At the time, Campbell's results were considered controversial and were criticized by members of the astronomical community, but they were confirmed by American astronomer Walter S. Adams in 1925. Baltic German astronomer Hermann Struve used the observed changes in the orbits of the Martian moons to determine the gravitational influence of the planet's oblate shape. In 1895, he used this data to estimate that the equatorial diameter was 1/190 larger than the polar diameter. In 1911, he refined the value to", "title": "History of Mars observation" }, { "id": "13247543", "score": "1.5615345", "text": "the smaller and outer of Mars' two moons. It was discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877. 1877 Phobos Phobos is the larger and closer of Mars' two small moons. It was discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877. 1888 Cliff Palace The Cliff Palace is the largest cliff dwelling in North America. The structure built by the Ancient Pueblo Peoples is located in Mesa Verde National Park in their former homeland region. The cliff dwelling and park are in the southwestern corner of Colorado, in the Southwestern United States. The ancient ruins of Cliff Palace were co-discovered during a snowstorm in", "title": "Timeline of United States discoveries" } ]

[ "Bill Of Divorce", "divorce in moral theology", "Necessary divorce", "letter of divorce", "Divorce papers", "At-fault divorce", "Divorce case", "divorce case", "divorcée", "necessary divorce", "DEVORCE", "Divorce (in Civil Jurisprudence)", "Divorce (in Moral Theology)", "bill of divorce", "reasons of increase in divorces in india", "Divorces", "bill of divorcement", "divorcé", "Divorce in India", "ex husband", "divorcee", "Ex-husband", "Letter of divorce", "Bill of divorcement", "Divorcing", "divorcing", "Uncontested divorce", "divorce papers", "disolution of marriage", "dissolution of marriage", "divorce", "Electronic Divorce", "uncontested divorce", "Divorced", "Bill of Divorce", "Divorcée", "Divorce", "electronic divorce", "Reasons of increase in divorces in India", "devorce", "⚮", "Disolution of Marriage", "divorces", "Dissolution of marriage", "Divorcé", "Divorcee", "at fault divorce", "divorced", "divorce in india", "divorce in civil jurisprudence" ]

[ { "id": "4795961", "score": "1.7951128", "text": "Taylor. An amendment was proposed by Helen Keogh on behalf of the Progressive Democrats which would have allowed for legislation generally, without the restrictions proposed in the government's proposal: This amendment was rejected and the Bill passed final stages by the Dáil without division on 11 October. It was passed by the Seanad on 18 October and proceed to a referendum on 24 November 1995. The Catholic Church was strongly against the amendment, but stated that Catholics could vote for the amendment in good conscience, and that it would not be a sin to do so. The '± Yes 1986'", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "13150133", "score": "1.7858452", "text": "spermicides to people over 18 in Ireland without having to present a prescription. In 1992, the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit freedom of travel in and out of the state. Also in 1992, the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland was passed, specifying that the protection of the right to life of the unborn does not limit the right to distribute information about services in foreign countries. Also in 1992, \"Attorney General v. X\" (the \"X case\"), [1992] IESC 1;", "title": "Feminism in the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "1761166", "score": "1.7692553", "text": "by an act of parliament in 1993. The constitutional ban on abortion was softened somewhat in 1992. After a referendum in that year, the Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1992 was approved, it was made legal to perform an abortion to save the life of a mother, to give information about abortion and to travel to another country for an abortion. In 1995, after a referendum, the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland legalised divorce. In the 1980s and early 1990s, these questions were deeply divisive in the Republic of Ireland and exposed deep social cleavages between religious", "title": "History of the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "4795964", "score": "1.7398797", "text": "which in June upheld the High Court decision. The High Court then endorsed the provisional certificate on 14 June 1996. President Mary Robinson signed the amendment bill into law three days later. Before the referendum, a draft Family Law (Divorce) Bill was published to illustrate how the Constitutional provisions would be implemented if the amendment were passed. Once the Constitutional amendment came into force, the divorce bill was introduced in the Oireachtas on 27 June 1996 and signed into law on 27 November 1996. This gave effect in primary legislation to the new Constitutional provisions. Although this act, the Family", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "20889021", "score": "1.7338386", "text": "widely changed to be accepted. The laws limiting access to contraceptives and family planning services gradually reformed over the late 20 century and early 21 century to allow the public free admission to purchase them. The Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act of 1993 saw the provision of sales to the public, which is legislation today. Over 50% of votes for the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act referendum of 1995 to remove the constitutional prohibition on divorce meant the right for divorce was signed into law in 1996, despite the Catholic Church's strong disinclination towards the amendment. In 1993 homosexuality", "title": "Quiet Revolution (Republic of Ireland)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Good Friday Agreement\n\nThe Good Friday Agreement (GFA), or Belfast Agreement ( or ; Ulster-Scots: or ), is a pair of agreements signed on 10 April 1998 that ended most of the violence of The Troubles, a political conflict in Northern Ireland that had prevailed since the late 1960s. It was a major development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s. It is made up of the Multi-Party Agreement between most of Northern Ireland's political parties, and the BritishIrish Agreement between the British and Irish governments. Northern Ireland's present devolved system of government is based on the agreement.\n\nIssues relating to sovereignty, governance, discrimination, military and paramilitary groups, justice and policing were central to the agreement. It restored self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of \"power sharing\" and it included acceptance of the principle of consent, commitment to civil and political rights, cultural parity of esteem, police reform, paramilitary disarmament and early release of paramilitary prisoners, followed by demilitarisation. The agreement also created a number of institutions between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (\"North–South\"), and between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom (\"East–West\").\n\nThe agreement was approved by voters across the island of Ireland in two referendums held on 22 May 1998. In Northern Ireland, voters were asked in the 1998 Northern Ireland Good Friday Agreement referendum whether they supported the multi-party agreement. In the Republic of Ireland, voters were asked whether they would allow the state to sign the agreement and allow necessary constitutional changes (Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland) to facilitate it. The people of both jurisdictions needed to approve the agreement in order to give effect to it.\n\nThe BritishIrish Agreement came into force on 2 December 1999. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) was the only major political group in Northern Ireland to oppose the Good Friday Agreement.", "title": "Good Friday Agreement" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "History of the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Northern Ireland peace process\n\nThe Northern Ireland peace process includes the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.", "title": "Northern Ireland peace process" }, { "id": "4795965", "score": "1.7306831", "text": "Law (Divorce) Act, 1996, specified its own commencement date as 27 February 1997, the first divorce was granted on 17 January 1997, based solely on the constitutional amendment, to a dying man who wanted urgently to marry his new partner. Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 (previously bill no. 15 of 1995) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which removed the constitutional prohibition on divorce, and allowed for the dissolution of a marriage provided specified conditions were satisfied. It was approved by referendum on 24 November 1995 and signed", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "4795958", "score": "1.7288599", "text": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 (previously bill no. 15 of 1995) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which removed the constitutional prohibition on divorce, and allowed for the dissolution of a marriage provided specified conditions were satisfied. It was approved by referendum on 24 November 1995 and signed into law on 17 June 1996. The Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937 included a constitutional ban on divorce. A previous bill to amend this provision proposed by the Fine Gael–Labour Party government of Garret FitzGerald, the Tenth Amendment of", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "13150131", "score": "1.7210826", "text": "she would become pregnant again her life would be endangered. She was then instructed to use a diaphragm and spermicidal jelly that was prescribed to her. However, Section 17 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1935 prohibited her from acquiring the prescription. The Supreme Court ruled by a 4 to 1 majority in favor of her, after determining that married couples have the constitutional right to make private decisions on family planning. In 1979, the Health (Family Planning) Act, 1979 allowed the sale of contraceptives in Ireland, upon presentation of a prescription. In 1983, the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution", "title": "Feminism in the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "5366267", "score": "1.6991293", "text": "day by 62 votes to 67. The Fourteenth Amendment was proposed in the Dáil by Minister for Justice Pádraig Flynn on 21 October 1992. It was passed in the Dáil on 22 October and in the Seanad on 30 October. It then proceeded to a referendum on 25 November. The legislation anticipated by the Fourteenth Amendment was provided for in the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Act 1995. This bill was referred by the President to the Supreme Court prior to its enactment, which upheld it as constitutional, having assigned counsel to argue that", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "3169088", "score": "1.6975034", "text": "to be made by law arising from the amendment. Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1996 (previously bill no. 49 of 1996) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which provides that a court can refuse bail to a suspect where it feared that while at liberty they would commit a serious criminal offence. It was approved by referendum on 28 November 1996 and signed into law on 12 December of the same year. In \"People (AG) v O'Callaghan\" (1966), the Supreme Court had ruled that the provisions of Article 40.4,", "title": "Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "19847063", "score": "1.6947978", "text": "Under this power, the Irish National League was banned on 19 August 1887; likewise the First Dáil on 10 September 1919; Sinn Féin, the Irish Volunteers, Cumann na mBan, and the Gaelic League were proclaimed dangerous on 3 July 1918, and banned in various counties between June and October 1919. Bills to repeal the act were introduced regularly Irish nationalist MPs. In 1907, Michael Hogan proposed a motion in the Commons that, \"in the opinion of this House, the presence of the Criminal Law and Procedure (Ireland) Act on the Statute Book is a gross violation of the Constitution, without", "title": "Criminal Law and Procedure (Ireland) Act 1887" }, { "id": "4795963", "score": "1.6867995", "text": "of the result of the referendum in the High Court as required by the Referendum Act 1994. According to \"The Irish Times\", \"the polls taken at the time showed that, if anything, the end of the advertising campaign coincided with a halt in the slide of support for divorce\". Because of the use of Government funds for one side of the campaign, a petition against the result was lodged by Des Hanafin, a Fianna Fáil Senator and chairman of the Pro Life Campaign, which was dismissed by the High Court on 9 February 1996. Hanafin appealed to the Supreme Court,", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "1761165", "score": "1.6867793", "text": "and spermicides without prescription. Nevertheless, it was not until 1993 that all restrictions on information and sale of contraceptives were abolished. In 1986, the Fine Gael/Labour coalition proposed to remove the ban on divorce. This was opposed by Fianna Fáil and the Catholic Church and the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986 was defeated in a referendum. Since 1992 the state has become less socially conservative. Liberalisation has been championed by figures like Mary Robinson, a radical feminist senator who became President of Ireland, and David Norris, who led the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform. Homosexual sex was decriminalised", "title": "History of the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "190607", "score": "1.6737962", "text": "cycling, greyhound racing, horse riding, motorsport, and softball. Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularised society. In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognised \"the right to life of the unborn\", subject to qualifications concerning the \"equal right to life\" of the mother. The case of \"Attorney General v. X\" subsequently prompted passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments,", "title": "Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "3169087", "score": "1.6730936", "text": "similar proposal had been proposed by Fianna Fáil Justice Spokesperson John O'Donoghue on 8 June 1995. On 4 October 1995, this was rejected by 65 votes to 47. On 16 October 1996, Minister for Justice Nora Owen proposed the Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1996. It was supported by the two major opposition parties, Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats, and passed final stages in the Dáil on the same day. It passed final stages in the Seanad on 23 October and proceeded to a referendum on 28 November 1996. The Bail Act 1997 was passed as the provision", "title": "Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "6725372", "score": "1.6705266", "text": "contravention of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform was founded in the 1970s to fight for the decriminalisation of male homosexuality, its founding members including Senator Norris and future Presidents of Ireland Mary McAleese and Mary Robinson. Prior to 1993, certain laws dating from the nineteenth century rendered male homosexual acts illegal. The relevant legislation was the 1861 \"Offences Against the Person Act\", and the 1885 \"Criminal Law (Amendment) Act\", both enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom before Irish independence, and having been repealed in England and Wales in 1967, Scotland in", "title": "LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland" }, { "id": "10752028", "score": "1.6701341", "text": "passed the Dáil on 21 May and the Seanad on 24 May. The amendment was supported by government parties Fine Gael and Labour as well as the Workers' Party. It was opposed by Fianna Fáil, the main opposition party, by the Catholic Church and by conservative groups. The Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989, enacted three years after the referendum, had been initiated as a private member's bill by Fine Gael backbencher Alan Shatter. This allowed for separation to be recognised by the courts, without the right to remarry. The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1995 was", "title": "Tenth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1986" }, { "id": "20539646", "score": "1.6670871", "text": "Constitution, which was added in 1983 and amended in 1992. The bill was introduced to the Oireachtas on 9 March 2018 by the Fine Gael minority coalition government, and completed its passage through both houses on 27 March 2018. It was put to a referendum on 25 May 2018 and approved by 66.4% of voters. It took effect once signed into law by the President on 18 September 2018. The British Offences Against the Person Act 1861, which made \"unlawful procurement of a miscarriage\" a crime, remained in force after Irish independence in 1922. The 1983 Eighth Amendment of the", "title": "Thirty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "3169085", "score": "1.6646599", "text": "Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland The Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution Act 1996 (previously bill no. 49 of 1996) is an amendment of the Constitution of Ireland which provides that a court can refuse bail to a suspect where it feared that while at liberty they would commit a serious criminal offence. It was approved by referendum on 28 November 1996 and signed into law on 12 December of the same year. In \"People (AG) v O'Callaghan\" (1966), the Supreme Court had ruled that the provisions of Article 40.4, which guarantees personal liberty and the principle of \"habeas", "title": "Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland" }, { "id": "13150120", "score": "1.6641165", "text": "1932, the marriage bar was introduced in Ireland; it prevented any married woman from working in the public sector (but see further events below in \"Second wave feminism\" section). Contraception in Ireland was made illegal in 1935 under the 1935 Criminal Law (Amendment) Act (but see further events below in \"Reproductive rights\" section.) Second-wave feminism in Ireland began in the 1970s, fronted by women such as Nell McCafferty, Mary Kenny, June Levine and Nuala O'Faolain. At the time, the majority of women in Ireland were housewives. The Irish Women's Liberation Movement was an alliance of a group of Irish women", "title": "Feminism in the Republic of Ireland" } ]

[ "daehanminguk", "Republic of South Korea", "Republic of Corea", "korea republic of", "ROK", "Republican Corea", "south korea", "SKorea", "republic of corea", "korea south", "korea r o k", "대한민국", "Daehanminkuk", "Nam Chosun", "South Korea/Economy", "Korea (ROK)", "s korean", "corea republic", "korea republic", "s korea", "韓國", "daehanmingook", "Korea, Republic of", "Republic of KOREA", "South corea", "korea seoul", "so korea", "ISO 3166-1:KR", "Free Korea", "r o k", "daehan minguk", "Daehanminguk", "Korea (R.O.K.)", "south korean", "Korean Republic", "Korea (South)", "s koreans", "republic of korea", "taehan min guk", "Daehanmingook", "Republican Korea", "republican corea", "modern corea", "Corean Republic", "korea rok", "korea s", "r korea", "Republic Of Korea", "Daehan Minguk", "S.Korea", "大韓民國", "corean republic", "South-Korea", "Korea (Republic of)", "skorea", "south korea economy", "Korea, S", "South Korea", "South Corea", "south koreans", "R. Korea", "south kroea", "S. Korean", "daehanminkook", "Modern Corea", "rok", "republic of south korea", "South Kroea", "South korea", "Korea, Republic Of", "Namjoseon", "Republic of korea", "korean republic", "S Korea", "nam chosun", "Daehanminkook", "south corea", "S. Korea", "R.O.K.", "South-korea", "So. Korea", "free korea", "South Korean", "republican korea", "남한", "Korea, South", "Korea (Seoul)", "Corea Republic", "South Koreans", "Republic of Korea", "Korea Republic", "The republic of korea", "daehanminkuk", "Taehan-min'guk", "Korea South", "S. Koreans", "한국", "iso 3166 1 kr", "namjoseon" ]

[ { "id": "772279", "score": "1.7554266", "text": "a rapid increase in passengers, and the opening of the 2nd terminal in December 2017 should spur additional traffic. Also featured in the Korean drama series, \"Air City.\" Incheon's sea port is the second largest port in Korea after Busan's sea port. The International Passenger Terminal located at the port offers ferries to five cities in China: Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin, Dandong, and Weihai. There are also ferries to Incheon's outlying islands as well as Baengnyeong Island inside of the Northern Limit Line. Incheon Bus Terminal, located at its eponymous subway stop, offers express bus transportation to all parts of Korea.", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "772278", "score": "1.6248126", "text": "Incheon Port. Incheon is a major domestic and international transport hub for Korea. Incheon International Airport is South Korea's primary international airport and a regional air hub. In 2015 it was the world's 22nd busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 49,412,750 passengers. There were a total of 305,446 flights (300,634 international, 4,812 domestic) to and from Incheon International Airport in 2015, an average of 837 flights (824 international, 13 domestic) daily. 50.9% of the flights were serviced by Korea's two main carriers, Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, with low-cost and foreign carriers servicing the remaining 49.1%. The airport is experiencing", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "772266", "score": "1.6079574", "text": "Incheon Incheon (; ; formerly romanized as Inchŏn; literally \"kind river\"), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it S Korea's third most-populous city after Seoul and Busan. The city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "772267", "score": "1.5967758", "text": "South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world's fourth largest metropolitan area by population. Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "11783582", "score": "1.5834614", "text": "Incheon Free Economic Zone The Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ), located in Incheon, South Korea is a Korean Free Economic Zone that consists of the three regions of Songdo, Cheongna, and the island of Yeongjong and has a total area of . The goal of the IFEZ is to transform these three areas into hubs for logistics, international business, leisure, and tourism for the Northeast Asian region. Incheon's Free Economic Zone was officially designated by the Korean government in August 2003. IFEZ is planned to be a self-contained living and business district featuring air and sea transportation, a logistics complex,", "title": "Incheon Free Economic Zone" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Incheon\n\nIncheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally \"kind river\"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third-most-populous city after Seoul and Busan.\n\nThe city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world's fourth-largest metropolitan area by population.\n\nIncheon has since led the economic development of South Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of South Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as South Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.\n\nAs an international city, Incheon has held numerous large-scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port.. The large volume of port traffic makes Incheon a Large-Port Metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification.", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Incheon International Airport\n\nIncheon International Airport (IIA; ) (sometimes referred to as Seoul–Incheon International Airport) is the largest airport in South Korea. It is the primary airport serving the Seoul Capital Area and one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.\n\nAs of 2021, the airport has been rated by Skytrax as the fourth best airport in the world. Skytrax also has rated the airport as the world's best international transit airport and one of the world's cleanest airports. The airport is one of Skytrax's 5-star airports and also has been awarded for the best airport security in 2021.\n\nDuring the entire run of the best airport worldwide ranking by Airports Council International (ACI) from 2005 to 2011, Incheon International Airport topped the ranking every year. ACI also rated the airport as the best airport in Asia-Pacific for 10 consecutive years from 2006 to 2016 until the ranking series ended in 2017.\nThe airport has a golf course, spa, private sleeping rooms, an ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens, video game center and a Museum of Korean Culture. The airport's average departure and arrival take 19 minutes and 12 minutes respectively, as compared to worldwide average of 60 minutes and 45 minutes, ranking it among the fastest airports in the world for customs processing. Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world's best for three years in a row in 2013 by Business Traveller. Incheon International Airport also reports a 0.0001% baggage mishandling rate.\n\nThe airport opened for business on 29 March 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport, which now serves mostly domestic destinations and shuttle flights to several East Asian metropolitan areas to Beijing Capital, Osaka Kansai, Shanghai Hongqiao, Taipei Songshan and Tokyo Haneda.\n\nIncheon International Airport is located west of Incheon's city center, on an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu Islands. The two islands were originally separated by shallow sea. That area between the two islands was reclaimed for the construction project, effectively connecting the once separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands. The reclaimed area as well as the two islands are all part of Jung-gu, an administrative district of Incheon.\n\nIncheon International Airport's terminal has 111 boarding gates altogether, with 44 in Terminal 1, 30 in Concourse A (connected to terminal 1), and 37 in Terminal 2.\n\nThe airport was constructed to share the demand for air transport in the 21st century and to serve as a hub airport in Northeast Asia.\n\nIncheon International Airport was named the winner of World's Best Transit Airport in 2020. Terminal 2 at Incheon International Airport was named World's Best Airport Terminal in 2020.", "title": "Incheon International Airport" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Port of Busan\n\nThe Port of Busan () is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. Its location is known as Busan Harbor.\n\nThe port is ranked sixth in the world's container throughput and is the largest seaport in South Korea. The port is operated by the \"Busan Port Authority\", which was founded in 2004 as a public company. In 2019, around 22 million TEU were handled at 10 container terminals in Busan.", "title": "Port of Busan" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Incheon – Travel guide at Wikivoyage - South Korea" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Battle of Inchon\n\nThe Battle of Incheon (), also spelled Battle of Inchon, was an amphibious invasion and a battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations Command (UN). The operation involved some 75,000 troops and 261 naval vessels and led to the recapture of the South Korean capital of Seoul two weeks later. The code name for the operation was Operation Chromite.\n\nThe battle began on 15 September 1950 and ended on 19 September. Through a surprise amphibious assault far from the Pusan Perimeter that UN and Republic of Korea Army (ROK) forces were desperately defending, the largely undefended city of Incheon was secured after being bombed by UN forces. The battle ended a string of victories by the North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA). The subsequent UN recapture of Seoul partially severed the KPA's supply lines in South Korea.\n\nThe UN and ROK forces were commanded by General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of the United States Army. MacArthur was the driving force behind the operation, overcoming the strong misgivings of more cautious generals to a risky assault over extremely unfavorable terrain. The battle was followed by a rapid collapse of the KPA; within a month of the Incheon landing, the Americans had taken 135,000 KPA troops prisoner.", "title": "Battle of Inchon" }, { "id": "772268", "score": "1.5824592", "text": "As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The city is also home to the Green Climate Fund, an international organization addressing environmental issues. The first historical record of the Incheon area dates back to 475 CE, during the reign of King Jangsu of Goguryeo, by the name of Michuhol, which", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "692353", "score": "1.5685406", "text": "Sakhalin Island. The intensity of shipments across the sea is moderate, owing to the cold relations between many bordering countries. As a result, the largest Japanese ports are on the Pacific coast, and the significant ports on the Sea of Japan are Niigata, Tsuruta and Maizuru. Major South Korean ports are Busan, Ulsan, and Pohang situated on the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula, but they also mainly target countries not bordering the Sea of Japan. The major Russian port of Vladivostok mainly serves inland cargos, whereas Nakhodka and Vostochny are more international and have a busy exchange with Japan", "title": "Sea of Japan" }, { "id": "772270", "score": "1.5578258", "text": "in Munhak Elementary School, while the newly built (in 2001) prefecture office buildings are right across from Munhak Baseball Stadium. Another historical name of the city, Jemulpo (alternatively Romanized as Chemulpo), was not widely used until the opening of the port in 1883. After the opening of the Incheon port, the city centre moved from Gwangyo to Jemulpo. Today, either Jemulpo or Gwangyo-dong is considered \"Original Incheon\" (). It was renamed as Jinsen during Japanese rule in Korean peninsula. In 1914, the Japanese colonial government merged outer parts of old Incheon (including the former centre of Gwangyo) with Bupyeong County,", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "10227750", "score": "1.550483", "text": "Port of Busan The Port of Busan () is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. The Port of Busan was established in 1876 as a small port with strict trading between Korea, China and Japan . It is situated at the mouth of the Nakdong River (Hangul: 낙동강) facing the Tsushima Island of Japan. During the Korean War (1950-1953), Busan was among the few places North Korea did not invade, causing war refugees to flee to the city of Busan. At that time Busan’s port was crucial to receive war materials and", "title": "Port of Busan" }, { "id": "772546", "score": "1.5466118", "text": "Korea, a maritime logistics hub in Northeast Asia with its world-class mega ports, and a gateway to the Eurasian continent. In 2017, the maritime city recorded a GRDP of USD 758.4 billion with a per capita GRDP of USD 22,000. The city’s economy is made up of the service industry (70.3%), manufacturing (19.8%), construction (5.9%), agriculture & fisheries (0.8%), and other sectors (3.2%). As the 6th largest port in the world, the port of Busan processed 20.47 million TEU of container cargo volume in 2017. The port’s container terminal has 43 berths - 20 berths at the North Port, and", "title": "Busan" }, { "id": "772291", "score": "1.5329547", "text": "first football-only stadium in Incheon. It was built in 2012 with a capacity for 20,891 spectators. A number of Korea's western islands, including Ganghwa Island, Yeongjong Island, and Baengnyeong Island are also administered by Incheon. Baengnyeong Island is South Korea's westernmost point. Incheon is twinned with: Incheon Incheon (; ; formerly romanized as Inchŏn; literally \"kind river\"), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3", "title": "Incheon" }, { "id": "11833508", "score": "1.5206374", "text": "Jung District, Incheon Jung District (Jung-gu, ) is the historic central ward of the city of Incheon, South Korea, one of the eight wards into which Incheon is divided. Its name means \"central\" in Korean. It was founded in 1883 on the opening of the Jemulpo Port and contains several historical and cultural heritage monuments, such as Dap-dong Cathedral, Hongyemun Gate, The First Anglican Church, and Jayu Park, Korea's first modern park. Incheon is the gateway to Seoul, the capital of South Korea. In modern times it became a trading port, eventually growing to become the second-largest port in South", "title": "Jung District, Incheon" }, { "id": "17193152", "score": "1.5127735", "text": "is also the most common loading berth for harbor pilots. Two main regular ferry lines leave Tianjin, serviced by a fleet of two Ro-Ro ferry boats. There is one international destination, Incheon in South Korea, and one national destination, Dalian in Liaoning Province. The route to Kobe in Japan was discontinued in 2013. The ships and general route schedules are as follows: The new Tianjin Cruise Homeport started operation in the summer of 2010. It is located in the southern tip of the Dongjiang peninsula, at a 120 hectares development area that is expected to become a tourist complex including", "title": "Port of Tianjin operations and logistics" }, { "id": "9976727", "score": "1.5032365", "text": "traffic 74 m above the main shipping route in and out of Incheon port and links Incheon International Airport on Yeongjong Island to the international business district of New Songdo City and the metropolitan districts of South Korea's capital, Seoul. The cable stayed section of the crossing is 1,480 m long, made up of five spans measuring 80 m, 260 m, 800 m, 260 m and 80 m respectively: height of the inverted Y main towers is 230.5 m. A 1.8 km approach span and 8.7 km viaduct complete the crossing, both constructed with precast prestressed concrete box girder decks.", "title": "Incheon Bridge" }, { "id": "11192860", "score": "1.5026584", "text": "Port of Yantai, together with three other Chinese ports in East China's Shandong province, signed a strategic alliance with the largest port of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The alliance is jointly formed by Shandong's Qingdao Port, Port of Yantai, Port of Rizhao, Port of Weihai and the ROK's Port of Busan, aiming to build a shipping and logistics center in Northeast Asia. Port of Yantai The Port of Yantai is a seaport on the Bohai Sea in the vicinity of Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China. As of December 14, 2011 the port had handled 200 million tonnes of", "title": "Port of Yantai" }, { "id": "11783590", "score": "1.5012026", "text": "visitors, as well as logistics, commercial and distribution facilities. Yeongjong will provide an optimal environment for logistic, tourism and leisure in conjunction with the Incheon International Airport. The Cheongna district, on the mainland adjacent Yeongjong Island, will focus on entertainment and will feature a world class theme park. It will also be a residential area with sports facilities, a floriculture complex, and a business area specially designed for international finance. Incheon Free Economic Zone The Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ), located in Incheon, South Korea is a Korean Free Economic Zone that consists of the three regions of Songdo, Cheongna,", "title": "Incheon Free Economic Zone" }, { "id": "1436577", "score": "1.5005043", "text": "January 10, 2008 to build Yeongjong Medical Centre, which was completed in 2012. This hospital serves nearby residents and some of the 30,000 medical tourists who come to Korea annually. Located west of Seoul, the capital and the largest city of South Korea, Incheon International Airport is the main hub for Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, and Polar Air Cargo. The airport serves as a hub for international civilian air transportation and cargo traffic in East Asia. In 2016, the Incheon International Airport was the fifth busiest airport in the world and third in Asia by cargo traffic, and", "title": "Incheon International Airport" }, { "id": "10227751", "score": "1.4954078", "text": "aid, such as fabrics and processed foods to keep the economy stable. In the 1970s, a rise in the footwear and veneer industries caused factory workers to migrate to Busan, bringing Busan’s population from 1.8 million to 3 million. Its location is known as Busan Harbor. The Port of Busan also has 6 sister ports (listed in order of dates). Port of Busan The Port of Busan () is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. The Port of Busan was established in 1876 as a small port with strict trading between Korea,", "title": "Port of Busan" }, { "id": "2162087", "score": "1.493266", "text": "Ara Canal is it is too narrow to handle any vessels except small tourist boats and recreational boats, so Seoul still cannot receive large commercial ships or passenger ships in its port. In recent years Chinese fishing vessels have taken advantage of the tense situation in the Han River Estuary Neutral Zone and illegally fished in this area due to both the North Korean and South Korean navies never patrolling this area due to the fear of naval battles breaking out. This has led to firefights and sinkings of boats between Chinese fishermen and the South Korean Coast Guard. Within", "title": "Korean Demilitarized Zone" }, { "id": "11192872", "score": "1.4915919", "text": "including the Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal and the Qingdao Cosport International Container Terminal, located in different areas, Qingdao also has a large terminal for handling iron ore. In 2011 the Qingdao Port, together with three other Chinese ports in East China's Shandong province, signed a strategic alliance with the largest port of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The alliance is jointly formed by Shandong's Qingdao Port, Port of Yantai, Port of Rizhao, Port of Weihai and the ROK's Port of Busan, aiming to build a shipping and logistics center in Northeast Asia. In May, 2014, Qingdao Port International Co. Ltd", "title": "Qingdao Port" } ]

[ "morningtown ride", "Morningtown Ride" ]

[ { "id": "12712286", "score": "1.5533116", "text": "the Blue Engine\" (1954), a book in \"The Railway Series\", Edward's fireman begins to sing this song but is cut off by the driver. This was carried over to the \"Thomas & Friends\" episode \"Bertie's Chase\". Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album \"101 Gang Songs\" (1961) The tune to which the song is sung has been re-used several times, including in a 1967 popular song \"Round, Round\" recorded by Jonathan King. The song was also sung on two episodes of the children's television program \"Barney & Friends\". In Kidsongs \"Play Along Songs\" (1993,) the song", "title": "Oh Dear! What Can the Matter Be?" }, { "id": "4162220", "score": "1.532038", "text": "bells were gently burnin\". Bell also notes that the song echoes the imagery of \"The Drunken Boat /Le Bateau ivre\" by Arthur Rimbaud: \"I know skies split by lightning, waterspouts/ And undertows, and tides: I know the night/ And dawn exulting like a crowd of doves\". Bell asserts that \"Chimes\" was \"certainly something new, but also something flawed\". He describes the song as both thrilling and \"loosely and horribly overwritten\". Bell suggests the theme of the song is that liberty took many forms, personal and political, civic and artistic, spiritual and physical. The significance of \"Chimes\" for Bell is that,", "title": "Chimes of Freedom (song)" }, { "id": "6485307", "score": "1.5263588", "text": "a guy who has run away from a farm town, joined the Navy, and found a crew that has built a routine together. When their ship pulls into a port for shore leave, they get drunk, and the boilerman sleepwalks, falls in the water, and drowns. The collection is a bass-driven opera which begins and ends with the same bass figure. The lyrics and music contain countless nautical references, and elements of Richard McKenna's naval novel, \"The Sand Pebbles\" as well as stories that Watt's dad would tell when he came back from being at sea. “The Bluejacket’s Manual” compares", "title": "Contemplating the Engine Room" }, { "id": "2156711", "score": "1.5117593", "text": "created by the show's incidental music composer Keff McCulloch. The songs featured in the serial were: \"Rock Around the Clock\"; \"Singing the Blues\"; \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\"; \"Mr. Sandman\"; \"Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite\"; \"That'll Be the Day\"; \"Only You\"; \"Lollipop\"; \"Who's Sorry Now?\" and \"Happy Days Are Here Again\". McCoy can be seen wearing his glasses in certain long shots of him riding a motorcycle. The motorbike itself a Vincent, made by British manufacturer Vincent Motorcycles. The guitar McCoy is seen hugging at the end of the story is a Squier Stratocaster by Fender, although the model is not", "title": "Delta and the Bannermen" }, { "id": "6766671", "score": "1.5074154", "text": "sound like a train whistle. All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe unless otherwise indicated. Driver 8 \"Driver 8\" is the second single from R.E.M.'s third album, \"Fables of the Reconstruction\". Released in September 1985, the song peaked at number 22 on the US \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was not released in Europe. The song refers to the Southern Crescent, a passenger train operated by the Southern Railroad until 1979, and continues today (with fewer stops) as the Amtrak \"Crescent\". The music video shows Chessie System trains running around Clifton Forge, Virginia.", "title": "Driver 8" }, { "id": "15619599", "score": "1.506804", "text": "Man's Party\" album. The lyric, \"I hear the chauffeur coming to my door/Says there's room for maybe just one more,\" is a reference to \"The Bus-Conductor,\" a short story by E. F. Benson about a hearse driver, first published in \"The Pall Mall Magazine\" in 1906. The story has been adapted several times and spawned an urban legend, with each version using the catchphrase, \"Room for one more.\" The song has made many appearances in popular culture. It is perhaps best known for its appearance in the 1986 film \"Back to School\", where the band performs it at a party.", "title": "Dead Man's Party (song)" }, { "id": "5931457", "score": "1.5059044", "text": "interview: \"If you let me say what I think, I don't give a...about it, but I can't say it out loud because it's the song of Missouri. It's as bad as 'The Star Spangled Banner' as far as music is concerned.\" The song is played by the University of Missouri's Marching Mizzou at every home football game to a unique marching style in 3/4 time. \"Hush-a-bye, ma baby, slumbertime is comin' soon;\" \"Rest yo' head upon my breast while Mommy hums a tune; \" \"The sandman is callin' where shadows are fallin', \" \"While the soft breezes sigh as in", "title": "Missouri Waltz" }, { "id": "5173540", "score": "1.5045564", "text": "and Orchestra\", referring to the group also known as the \"Golden Sandpipers\"). The revised lyrics included \"... bring me a dream/ And wrap it up in a pretty moonbeam/ I'd love to dream that I really can do/ The things that Santa Claus and Peter Pan do\" and \"...bring me a dream / Bring me a dream that's sweeter than peaches and cream./ Give me a pumpkin (punkin) coach like poor Cinderella/ A pretty satin dress all green and yellow (yella)\". Mr. Sandman \"Mr. Sandman\" (sometimes rendered as \"Mister Sandman\") is a popular song written by Pat Ballard which was", "title": "Mr. Sandman" }, { "id": "9553227", "score": "1.4966092", "text": "us.\" He sings first, with \"When I was a kid our street had a gang\". Accompanied by 'bones, fiddle, and banjo, it relates a murder committed by Blazes, for which his father was arrested and hanged. Sandy takes his turn with a sentimental love ballad accompanied by cello and piano. The three stanzas turn into a less innocent catch when taken up by the other two: \"...O, that you held me...by the cock...I come...crowing loud...I am aroused\". Arthur counters with a Salvation Army song on The Golden Calf (brass, clarinet and tambourine) in which he seems personally to glory in", "title": "The Lighthouse (opera)" }, { "id": "3167975", "score": "1.4908555", "text": "\"a man of vision and feeling—a fine example to all\" (Finster created the album sleeve for R.E.M.'s \"Reckoning\" the previous year). \"Driver 8\" describes the scenery surrounding railroad tracks in somewhat abstract terms. Trains are a frequent motif in rural American music, suggesting the freedom and promise of an escape from one's home environment. Driven by a distinctive guitar riff, \"Driver 8\" was one of the songs on the album to receive college radio play, and the record company also authorized a music video. Beginning with a soft introduction, \"Life and How to Live It\" charged through another atmospheric, folk", "title": "Fables of the Reconstruction" }, { "id": "12240455", "score": "1.4880723", "text": "major, modulating to E major at the instrumental. In the Broadway production, Greg Mowry sings the song in the key of G major and modulates to Ab. The lyrics were written by Richard Stilgoe. Before the song starts, Poppa and Rusty have the following (sung) conversation; The song begins, and the introduction is the main theme played on a harmonica, and this is repeated for the instrumental. The song has undergone some revision since the show was premiered in London. The first draft started with the line However, the verses were rewritten when the show opened on Broadway, in Germany,", "title": "Starlight Express (song)" }, { "id": "10585796", "score": "1.4877024", "text": "sings the title line from this song in a scene where he uses his \"joy buzzer\" to electrocute the character Antoine Rotelli in the 1989 film \"Batman\". Catwoman directly refers to the song title as Selina Kyle while asking Bruce Wayne if he plans to attend the tree relighting ceremony in the 1992 film \"Batman Returns\" In 1964, the song was played for laughs at a \"very\" slow tempo by the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department Band on the American sitcoms \"Petticoat Junction\" and \"Green Acres\". In 1994, the melody was used for \"The Chewing Song\" in the film \"\"The Road", "title": "There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight" }, { "id": "6667231", "score": "1.4838859", "text": "that the returning Christ is pictured as driving. Like many spirituals originating in the African-American community, this was probably a coded anthem for the Underground Railroad. The secularized version was sung by railroad work gangs in the Midwestern United States in the 1890s. Currently the song is usually sung in collections of children's music. The song has been recorded by musicians ranging from Tommy Tucker Time (78'inch) to Pete Seeger and Barney the Dinosaur. Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album \"101 Gang Songs\" (1961). Harking back to the original lyrics of \"When the Chariot Comes\",", "title": "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" }, { "id": "7286272", "score": "1.478867", "text": "as \"the Negro jailbird's ballad to match \"Hard Times Poor Boy.\" Like so many American folk songs, its hero is not a man but a train.\" The light of the train is seen as the light of salvation, the train which could take them away from the prison walls. It is highly reminiscent of the imagery of such gospel songs as \"Let the Light from your Lighthouse Shine on Me.\" Carl Sandburg had a different view. He believed the subject of the song would rather be run over by a train than spend more time in jail. The song, as", "title": "Midnight Special (song)" }, { "id": "848059", "score": "1.4773837", "text": "story of some of the characters of the second, \"The Doll's House\", and is closely linked with the ninth, \"\". Each of the issues in the collection takes its name from a song, including Lullaby of Broadway (represented as \"Lullabies of Broadway\"), Bad Moon Rising, taken from the Creedence Clearwater Revival song, \"Beginning to See the Light\", a Velvet Underground song, \"Over the Sea to Sky,\" from a Scottish folk song, and \"I Woke Up and One of Us Was Crying\" from Elvis Costello's \"I Want You.\" It is preceded by \"\" and followed by \"\". The central character of", "title": "The Sandman: A Game of You" }, { "id": "4157638", "score": "1.4759462", "text": "\"I've Been Working on the Railroad.\" It is common practice that the last line, \"Til Gabriel blows his horn,\" is sung and played to a slightly slower beat than the rest of the song. Students, faculty, staff, athletes, and alum punctuate each beat of the last line with a small chopping motion of their right raised arm and \"Hook 'Em\" hand sign. -Walker, Texas Ranger uses a rewritten version in the opening credits \" the eyes of the Ranger are upon you every wrong you do he's gonna see\" The Eyes of Texas \"The Eyes of Texas\" is the school", "title": "The Eyes of Texas" }, { "id": "12408505", "score": "1.4757557", "text": "saying, one of many inspired by the railway. Other's include 'On the Right Track' and 'Full Steam Ahead'. The lyrics include a verse and a chorus which pay respect the father of steam, James Watt. and later; The German version. The title translates as 'A Light at the very end of the Tunnel'. The Megamix was added into the London re-write in 1992, and was added to the German production in 2003. It is an assortment of verses from 'Light at the End of the Tunnel' with lines/verses from other popular songs added in between. As the original material was", "title": "Light at the End of the Tunnel (musical number)" }, { "id": "6667230", "score": "1.4736915", "text": "some religious songs. Examples include \"What Wondrous Love Is This\", \"Brave Benbow\", \"The Ballad of Captain Kidd\", \"Sam Hall\", and \"Ye Jacobites by Name\". The first printed version of the song appeared in Carl Sandburg's \"The American Songbag\" in 1927. Sandburg reports that a negro spiritual “When the Chariot Comes\", sung to the same melody, was adapted by railroad workers in the 1890s in the Midwest. It is often heard today with responses that add on to the previous verse. The song ostensibly refers to the Second Coming of Christ and subsequent Rapture, with the \"she\" referring to the chariot", "title": "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" }, { "id": "15315687", "score": "1.4718037", "text": "\"Dark Passion Play's\" \"The Poet and the Pendulum\" at 13 minutes. It is divided into four parts and especially influenced by poet Walt Whitman. One acoustic piece is also called \"a Moominvalley Christmas Carol\". One song, referenced to as \"the Nukkumatti song\" (\"nukkumatti\" being Finnish for \"sandman\") is described as \"a pounding, twisted and chorusless ghost train ride is sure to bring a smile to your face. At least it has done so to everyone who has heard it. Danny Elfman goes humppa\", and another is described as \"something completely different from anything we've ever done. All of us need", "title": "Imaginaerum" }, { "id": "4655910", "score": "1.4703542", "text": "Johnny Depp's Ichabod Crane utters \"The Bronx is up and the Battery's down\" to his traveling party in the final scene. Alex, Marty, Gloria and Melman sing the chorus of the song in \"\" The song was parodied in an episode of The Critic. The song was performed by the bells on Disney's Sing Along video: \"Let's Go to the Circus\". During \"Wheel of Fortune\"'s first road trip to New York in 1988, the song was played over an image montage of the city, and the lyrics were altered from \"It's a helluva town\" to \"It's a wonderful town\". New", "title": "New York, New York (On the Town)" } ]

[ "hula blues", "sacred island", "Sacred Island", "Hula Blues", "Sacred island" ]

[ { "id": "361512", "score": "1.8494391", "text": "() from the word \"Tambapanni\". The Persians and Arabs referred to it as \"Sarandīb\" (the origin of the word \"serendipity\") from \"Cerentivu\" or \"Siṃhaladvīpaḥ\". \"Ceilão\", the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese Empire when it arrived in 1505, was transliterated into English as \"Ceylon\". As a British crown colony, the island was known as Ceylon; it achieved independence as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. The country is now known in Sinhalese as ' () and in Tamil as ' (, ). In 1972, its formal name was changed to \"Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka\".", "title": "Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6895996", "score": "1.7414283", "text": "Names of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා, \"Śrī Lankā\"; Tamil: இலங்கை , \"Ilaṅkai\"), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island in the northern Indian Ocean which has been known under various names over time. Under British rule, the island was known as Ceylon from 1815-1972. \"Lanka\" was the classical name bestowed on the island by the Ramayana, an ancient Indian epic. A possible theory is that the name Lanka is derived from the Tamil word \"ilanku\" (இலங்கு), which means \"to shine\" or \"to glitter\", thus making \"Lanka\" a name that means \"that which glitters\".", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6895999", "score": "1.7385008", "text": "of the 20th century. The name was used by the Marxist Lanka Sama Samaja Party, which was founded in 1935. The Sanskrit honorific \"Sri\" was introduced in the name of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (Sinhalese: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය \"Sri Lanka Nidahas Pakshaya\"), founded in 1952. The Republic of Sri Lanka was officially adopted as the country's name with the new constitution of 1972, and changed to \"Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka\" in the constitution of 1978. The name \"Ceylon\" has a complicated history going back to antiquity. One theory is that it derives from the Old-Tamil word", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6896006", "score": "1.7232242", "text": "strophe of the Portuguese national epic poem \"Os Lusíadas\" by Luís de Camões. John Milton borrowed this for his epic poem \"Paradise Lost\" and Miguel de Cervantes mentions a fantastic \"Trapobana\" in Don Quixote. Names of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා, \"Śrī Lankā\"; Tamil: இலங்கை , \"Ilaṅkai\"), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island in the northern Indian Ocean which has been known under various names over time. Under British rule, the island was known as Ceylon from 1815-1972. \"Lanka\" was the classical name bestowed on the island by the Ramayana, an ancient Indian", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "361513", "score": "1.7109272", "text": "Later in 1978 it was changed to the \"Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka\". As the name Ceylon still appears in the names of a number of organisations, the Sri Lankan government announced in 2011 a plan to rename all those over which it has authority. The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years. The era spans the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron Ages. Among the Paleolithic human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala (named after the Chinese traveller monk Faxian), which dates back to 37,000 BP, Batadombalena (28,500 BP)", "title": "Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6895998", "score": "1.654991", "text": "term for it. \"Lak-vaesiyaa\" in Sinhala means an inhabitant of the island of Lanka. \"Lak-diva\" in E'lu (old Sinhala) means the island of Lanka. Another traditional Sinhala name for Sri Lanka was \"Lakdiva\", with \"diva\" also meaning \"island\". A further traditional name is \"Lakbima\". \"Lak\" in both cases is derived again from \"Lanka\". The same name could have been adopted in Tamil as \"Ilankai;\" the Tamil language commonly adds \"i\" before initial \"l\". The name of Sri Lanka was introduced in the context of the Sri Lankan independence movement, pushing for the independence of British Ceylon during the first half", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6896000", "score": "1.6397355", "text": "\"Cerentivu\" which means literally \"Island of Cheras\", a Tamil term for nagas meaning \"hill\". Another theory is the name derives from the Sanskrit \"Siṃhaladvīpaḥ\" (Siṃhalaḥ, Sri Lanka + dvīpaḥ, island). The island was known by the Romans as \"Serendivis\" and by Arabs as Serandib and the Persians as \"Serendip\"; the word serendipity is derived from this word. From this, the Greeks called the island \"Sielen Diva.\" From the word \"Sielen\", many European forms were derived: Latin \"Seelan\", Portuguese \"Ceilão\", Spanish \"Ceilán\", French \"Selon\", \"Ceylan\", Dutch \"Zeilan\", \"Ceilan\" and \"Seylon\", and of course the English \"Ceylon\". Ptolemy called the Island \"Salike\",", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6896001", "score": "1.6294117", "text": "and the inhabitants \"Salai\". Sri Lanka has also been known as \"Helabima\". Helabima means \"Land of Helas\", which is a name that Sinhalese were called. \"Siṃhāla\" is attested as a Sanskrit name of the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in the Bhagavata Purana and Rajatarangini. The name is sometimes glossed as \"abode of lions\", and attributed to a supposed former abundance of lions on the island. The Tamil name is \"Eelam\" (, \"īḻam\"; also spelled \"Eezham\", \"Ilam\" or \"Izham\"). The etymology of the name is uncertain. The most favoured explanation derives it from a word for the spurge (palm tree),", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "13814799", "score": "1.6201639", "text": "History of Sri Lanka (1948–present) The history of Sri Lanka from 1948 to present is marked by the independence of the country through to Dominion and becoming a Republic. Under Bandaranaike the country became a republic, the Free Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka, the Senate was abolished and Sinhala was established as the official language (with Tamil as a second language). Full independence came as the last remaining constitutional ties with the United Kingdom were broken (e.g., the right of appeal to the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ceased, thus establishing the Supreme Court as", "title": "History of Sri Lanka (1948–present)" }, { "id": "6578203", "score": "1.6049383", "text": "\"should be amended forthwith to provide for the Sinhalese and Tamil languages to be state languages of Ceylon with parity of status throughout the Island.\" Dr Colvin R. de Silva of the LSSP responded, in what some regard as famous last words: \"Do we... want a single nation or do we want two nations? Do we want a single state or do we want two? Do we want one Ceylon or do we want two? And above all, do we want an independent Ceylon which must necessarily be united and single and single Ceylon, or two bleeding halves of Ceylon", "title": "Sinhala Only Act" }, { "id": "361511", "score": "1.6000359", "text": "the island's history. Moors, Burghers, Malays, Chinese, and the indigenous Vedda are also established groups on the island. In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travellers by a variety of names. According to the \"Mahavamsa\", the legendary Prince Vijaya named the land Tambapanni (\"copper-red hands\" or \"copper-red earth\"), because his followers' hands were reddened by the red soil of the area. In Hindu mythology, such as the Ramayana, the island was referred to as \"Lankā\" (\"Island\"). The Tamil term Eelam (), was used to designate the whole island in Sangam literature. Ancient Greek geographers called it \"Taprobanā\" () or \"Taprobanē\"", "title": "Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "6895997", "score": "1.5994986", "text": "It earned this name on account of the glittering of the gold and gems found on its surface. Another theory states that the word \"Lanka\" simply means any island. It is still widely used by the aborigines of Central and Eastern India to mean an island and especially an islet in a river. The word is considered as belonging to Austro-Asiatic languages. The Veddas, the aborigines of Sri Lanka who might be of Austro-Asiatic origin, might have rendered the name \"Lanka\" to the island. As it is the biggest island in the South Asian context, \"Lanka\" probably became an exclusive", "title": "Names of Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "10681308", "score": "1.5855569", "text": "Dominion of Ceylon Between 1948 and 1972, Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and certain other sovereign states. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka. It was an island country in South Asia, located about off the southern coast of India. Following the Second World War, public pressure for independence increased. The British-ruled Colony of Ceylon achieved independence on 4", "title": "Dominion of Ceylon" }, { "id": "361509", "score": "1.5847583", "text": "1948; the country became a republic and adopted its current name in 1972. Sri Lanka's recent history has been marred by a 30-year civil war, which decisively ended when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 2009. The current constitution stipulates the political system as a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system. It has had a long history of international engagement, as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the G77, and the", "title": "Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "15554064", "score": "1.5826142", "text": "the 17th century. With these colonizers came the introduction of Roman Catholic missionaries who sought to convert Sinhalese and Tamil people to Catholicism. By March 1815, the island was formally united under British rule Throughout the 19th century, the British brought Tamil workers from Southern India to staff the growing number of rubber and tea plantations. The people of the island gained independence from the British in 1948 and formed the nation of Ceylon. The official name was changed to Sri Lanka in 1972, when Buddhism was named the primary religion of the country. Throughout the late 20th century and", "title": "Childbirth in Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "18058415", "score": "1.5783439", "text": "Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972 The Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972 was a constitution of Sri Lanka, replaced by the 1978 constitution currently in force. It was Sri Lanka's first republican constitution, and its second since independence in 1948. The constitution changed the country's name to Sri Lanka from Ceylon, and established it as an independent republic. The country was officially designated \"Republic of Sri Lanka\", leading to this constitution being known as \"the 1972 Republican Constitution\". The constitution was promulgated on 22 May 1972. The arrival of the Portuguese in 1505 and their interest in the island altered its", "title": "Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972" }, { "id": "2060989", "score": "1.5664625", "text": "cave near by, and another being a queen of Vikramabahu III was named Senkanda, and after a coloured stone named Senkadagala. The Kingdom of Kandy has also been known by various names. The English name Kandy, which originated during the colonial era, is derived from an anglicised version of the Sinhalese Kanda Uda Rata (meaning the land on the mountain) or Kanda Uda Pas Rata (the five counties/countries on the mountain). The Portuguese shortened this to \"Candea\", using the name for both the kingdom and its capital. In Sinhalese, Kandy is called \"Maha nuwara\", meaning \"Great City\" or \"Capital\", although", "title": "Kandy" }, { "id": "9119689", "score": "1.5632614", "text": "throughout the country. In the 1920s, two historical descriptions of Jaffna were published, \"Ancient Jaffna\" by C. Rasanayagam, and \"A Critical History of Jaffna\" by Swamy Gnanaprakasar. A main claim of these books was that the North and East were hereditary possessions of the Tamils.Upon the establishment of the University of Ceylon under the Indian historian H. C. Ray, and the archeologist S. Paranavithana, these claims were re-examined by Sinhalese academics. An issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1961, examined the findings of Rasanaygam et al. and gave different interpretations. Sri Lankan place name etymology Sri", "title": "Sri Lankan place name etymology" }, { "id": "361570", "score": "1.5615456", "text": "named \"korale\" and \"rata\", and were formerly known as 'D.R.O. divisions' after the 'Divisional Revenue Officer'. Later the D.R.O.s became 'Assistant Government Agents' and the divisions were known as 'A.G.A. divisions'. These Divisional Secretariats are currently administered by a 'Divisional Secretary'. Sri Lanka is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). While ensuring that it maintains its independence, Sri Lanka has cultivated relations with India. Sri Lanka became a member of the United Nations in 1955. Today, it is also a member of the Commonwealth, the SAARC, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, and", "title": "Sri Lanka" }, { "id": "1743093", "score": "1.5560296", "text": "official language by Sinhala and Tamil. In November 1936 a motion that \"in the Municipal and Police Courts of the Island the proceedings should be in the vernacular\" and that \"entries in police stations should be recorded in the language in which they are originally stated\" were passed by the State Council and referred to the Legal Secretary. However, in 1944 J.R. Jayawardene moved in the State Council that Sinhala should replace English as the official language. In 1948, immediately after independence, a controversial law was passed by the Ceylon Parliament called the Ceylon Citizenship Act, which deliberately discriminated against", "title": "Sri Lankan Civil War" } ]

[ "ciudad autónoma de buenos aires", "buenos aires", "Bs as", "buenos aires city", "Bs As", "capital federal argentina", "City of Buenos Aires", "Buenos Aires Capital Federal", "Buenos-Aires", "buenos aires capital federal", "Ciudad de Buenos Aires", "Buenoes Ayres", "ciudad de buenos aires", "buenos ares", "Capital federal (Argentina)", "autonomous city of buenos aires", "B. Aires", "BBAA", "Capital federal", "History of Buenos Aires", "un locode arbue", "buenoes ayres", "capital federal", "Buenos Aires City", "b aires", "Buenos Aíres", "BsAs", "bsas", "Buenos Aires (Argentina)", "Autonomous City of Buenos Aires", "ciudad autonoma de buenos aires", "regina theatre", "buenos", "history of buenos aires", "ar c", "Bs.As.", "bbaa", "demographics of buenos aires", "la reina del plata", "Buenos Aires", "Capital federal, Argentina", "Buenos", "Buenos Aires city", "paris of south america", "Autonomous city of Buenos Aires", "Buenos Aires Autonomous City", "AR-C", "Baires", "B Aires", "Distrito Federal, Argentina", "Capital of Argentina", "Buenos Aries", "buenos aires argentina", "Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires", "UN/LOCODE:ARBUE", "Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires", "city of buenos aires", "bs as", "buenos aíres", "buenos aires autonomous city", "baires", "distrito federal argentina", "Buenos Aires, Argentina", "Regina Theatre", "Buenos Ares", "Buenos aires", "Paris of South America", "buenos aries", "La Reina del Plata", "Demographics of Buenos Aires", "capital of argentina", "Bs. As.", "Capital Federal, Argentina" ]

[ { "id": "1978890", "score": "1.486654", "text": "Street from Highway 11 during the 1990s. As a result, Highway 11 does not start until Crown Hill just outside Barrie, several kilometres north of where the name \"Yonge Street\" ends. The Guinness Book of World Records no longer lists Yonge Street as the longest street in the world and has not chosen a replacement street, but cites the Pan-American Highway as the world's longest \"motorable road\". Although current tourist campaigns do not make much of Yonge Street's length, its status as an urban myth was bolstered by an art installation at the foot of Yonge Street and a map", "title": "Yonge Street" }, { "id": "1978855", "score": "1.4595934", "text": "Yonge Street Yonge Street (; \"young\") is a major arterial route connecting the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto to Lake Simcoe, a gateway to the Upper Great Lakes. Until 1999, the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" repeated the popular misconception it was long, and thus the longest street in the world; this was due to a conflation of Yonge Street with the rest of Ontario's Highway 11. Yonge Street (including the Bradford-to-Barrie extension) is actually long. The construction of Yonge Street is designated an Event of National Historic Significance in Canada. Yonge Street was fundamental in the original planning", "title": "Yonge Street" }, { "id": "7076108", "score": "1.442725", "text": "popular with the large Filipino population, particularly on Sundays, as many of the shops are run by their compatriots. The wide assortment of typically small shops caters to their needs, selling merchandise from their homeland. Thus, the arcade is also known as the Chungking Mansions in Central. World-Wide House World-Wide House is an office building in Central, Hong Kong. It is located between Connaught Road Central, Pedder Street and Des Voeux Road Central. The site is situated on land reclaimed at the turn of the 20th century. WWH was constructed on a site vacated by the former General Post Office,", "title": "World-Wide House" }, { "id": "16164502", "score": "1.4418879", "text": "along Hungária körgyűrű. According to some sources, it is one of the strangest streets in Budapest. Hungária körgyűrű Hungária körgyűrű (lit. \"Hungary beltway\" or \"Hungary boulevard\") is the longest and busiest boulevard, also the widest city street in Budapest, Hungary. It's 13 km long and has 6-10 traffic lanes with a rapid tram line on the median of the boulevard. It consists of three parts: Róbert Károly körút, Hungária körút and Könyves Kálmán körút. It starts by the Pester side of Árpád Bridge and crosses Váci út, Lehel út, M3 motorway, Thököly út, Kerepesi út, Kőbányai út, Üllői út, Gyáli", "title": "Hungária körgyűrű" }, { "id": "7076105", "score": "1.4322171", "text": "World-Wide House World-Wide House is an office building in Central, Hong Kong. It is located between Connaught Road Central, Pedder Street and Des Voeux Road Central. The site is situated on land reclaimed at the turn of the 20th century. WWH was constructed on a site vacated by the former General Post Office, which was located there from 1911 to 1976. The GPO was relocated to Connaught Place for the construction of the Pedder Station (later renamed to Central) of MTR. Below the building is the interchange of Hong Kong Station and Central Station of MTR. In the early 1970s,", "title": "World-Wide House" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Avenida 9 de Julio\n\nJuly 9 Avenue (Spanish: Avenida 9 de Julio) is a major thoroughfare in the city centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day, July 9, 1816.\n\nThe avenue runs around to the west of the Río de la Plata waterfront, from the Retiro district in the north to Constitución station in the south. The avenue has up to seven lanes in each direction and is flanked on either side by parallel streets of two lanes each. Through the centre of the avenue runs one of the city's Metrobus (Bus rapid transit) corridors, which stretches and was inaugurated in July 2013. There are two wide medians between the side streets and the main road. It is currently the widest avenue in the world.\n\nThe northern end of the avenue is connected to the Arturo Illia expressway (which connects to Jorge Newbery airport and the Pan-American highway) and to Libertador avenue. The southern end is connected to the 25 de Mayo tollway (serving the west side of Greater Buenos Aires as well as Ezeiza airport) and the 9 de Julio elevated expressway which provides access to the two main southbound roads out of the city (route 1 to La Plata and route 2 to Mar del Plata). The Republic Square is located on the intersection of this Avenue with the Corrientes Avenue and on that point is sited the Obelisk of Buenos Aires.", "title": "Avenida 9 de Julio" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Monumental Axis\n\nThe Monumental Axis () is a central avenue in Brasília's city design.\n\nThe avenue begins on the National Congress of Brazil building and is considered part of the DF-002 road. Its first section is known as \"Ministries Esplanade\" (\"Esplanada dos Ministérios\"), as it is surrounded by ministries buildings. Many important government buildings, monuments and memorials are located on the Monumental Axis.\n\nA common urban legend persists that the Monumental Axis is the widest road in the world, where \"[100 to 160] cars can drive side by side\". This is untrue, as the road consists of two avenues with six lanes on either side; a total of twelve lanes. However, the street has been featured in the Guinness Book of Records as having the widest median strip of a highway in the world.\n\nOn April 21, 2008, a year before they formally broke up, the Mexican pop group RBD performed a free concert to a crowd of 500,000 on the Monumental Axis during Empezar Desde Cero Tour 2008. The show was to celebrate the 48th Anniversary of the founding of Brasília. It was recorded and released on DVD with the title \"Live in Brasilia\". The crowd in attendance was the largest for which the group had performed.\n\n", "title": "Monumental Axis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Crawford Street Bridge (Providence, Rhode Island)\n\nThe Crawford Street Bridge was a concrete and steel bridge over the Providence River in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. It was originally built from 1873 to 1904 and then rebuilt starting in 1930. Composed of a set of interconnected bridges that span the river, it had a total area of over and covered nearly a quarter of a mile of the river. At wide, it was the world's widest bridge, and listed in the 1988 Guinness Book of World Records.\n\nAs part of a downtown redevelopment project, the massive bridge was substantially demolished in 1982, replaced with several narrower bridges for individual streets and exposing the Providence River to create a more pedestrian-friendly cityscape.\n\n", "title": "Crawford Street Bridge (Providence, Rhode Island)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Spreuerhofstraße\n\nSpreuerhofstraße is, according to \"Guinness World Records\", the world's narrowest street, found in the city of Reutlingen, Germany. It ranges from at its narrowest to at its widest. The lane was built in 1727 during the reconstruction efforts after the area was destroyed in the massive citywide fire of 1726 and is officially listed in the Land-Registry Office as City Street Number 77.\n\n", "title": "Spreuerhofstraße" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Yonge Street\n\nYonge Street (; pronounced \"young\") is a major arterial route in the Canadian province of Ontario connecting the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto to Lake Simcoe, a gateway to the Upper Great Lakes.\n\nOnce the southernmost leg of provincial Highway 11, linking the provincial capital with northern Ontario, Yonge Street has been referred to as \"Main Street Ontario\". Until 1999, the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" repeated the popular misconception that Yonge Street was long, making it the longest street in the world; this was due to a conflation of Yonge Street with the rest of Ontario's Highway 11. Yonge Street (including the Bradford-to-Barrie extension) is only long.<ref name=\"boldts.net\" /><ref name=\"Simcoe/Barrie section\"/> Due to provincial downloading in the 1990s, no section of Yonge Street is marked as a provincial highway.\n\nThe construction of Yonge Street is designated as an Event of National Historic Significance in Canada. Yonge Street was integral to the original planning and settlement of western Upper Canada in the 1790s, forming the basis of the concession roads in Ontario today. Ontario's first colonial administrator, John Graves Simcoe, named the street for his friend Sir George Yonge, an expert on ancient Roman roads. In Toronto and York Region, Yonge Street is the north–south baseline from which street numbering is reckoned east and west. The eastern branch of the subway Line 1 Yonge–University serves nearly the entire length of the street in Toronto; it serves as the spine of the Toronto subway system, linking to suburban commuter systems such as the Viva Blue BRT. Yonge Street is a commercial main thoroughfare rather than a ceremonial one, with the Downtown Yonge shopping and entertainment district containing landmarks such as the Eaton Centre and Yonge–Dundas Square.", "title": "Yonge Street" }, { "id": "15738703", "score": "1.4259517", "text": "75½ Bedford Street 75½ Bedford Street is a house located in the West Village neighborhood of New York City that is only 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 meters) wide. Built in 1873, it is often described as the narrowest house in New York. Its past tenants have included Edna St. Vincent Millay, Ann McGovern, cartoonist William Steig and anthropologist Margaret Mead. It is sometimes referred to as the Millay House, indicated by a plaque on the outside of the house. The house is located in the Greenwich Village Historic District, but is \"not\" an individually designated New York City Landmark.", "title": "75½ Bedford Street" }, { "id": "4934735", "score": "1.4238487", "text": "Jing'an and Huangpu governments agreed to coordinate their policy to enhance the development of Nanjing Road, through a unique launching of a committee. This agreement followed a request by the committee of Champs-Elysees in the perspective of a friendship agreement between both famous streets. Nanjing Road is the world's longest shopping district, around 5.5 km long, and attracts over 1 million visitors daily. East Nanjing Road is a dedicated commercial zone. At its eastern end is the central section of the Bund, featuring the Peace Hotel. Immediately west of the Bund precinct was traditionally the hub of European-style restaurants and", "title": "Nanjing Road" }, { "id": "4102921", "score": "1.4216573", "text": "that it has no colour that can be described. Even when the sun is obscured and the light is cold, these walls are still faintly warm and luminous, as if they knew the trick of keeping the lost sunlight of centuries glimmering about them.\" Broadway takes its name from the wide main street, now High Street (one of the longest in England). By the 18th century, it was a toll-road and a prominent stagecoach stop. In the beginning the ‘broad way’ probably began as a drove road and may be unusually wide because of the two small streams that used", "title": "Broadway, Worcestershire" }, { "id": "5167070", "score": "1.4179046", "text": "Valiasr Street Valiasr Street () or Pahlavi Street is a tree-lined street in Tehran, Iran, dividing the metropolis into western and eastern parts built in 1922 to 1927, considering the end of asphalt plan it ended in 1933. It is considered one of Tehran's main thoroughfares and commercial centres. It is also the longest street in the Middle East, and was reported as one of the longest in the world by former BBC (now Al Jazeera) journalist Rageh Omaar during the television documentary \"Welcome to Tehran\". The street was built by Reza Shah Pahlavi's order and called the Pahlavi Street.", "title": "Valiasr Street" }, { "id": "83666", "score": "1.4136584", "text": "wide patch of grass and/or trees between the street and the sidewalk itself. This helps to keep pedestrians on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. Chicago's Western Avenue is the longest continuous urban street in the world. Other famous streets include Michigan Avenue, State Street, Clark Street, and Belmont Avenue. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways. The destruction caused by the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in", "title": "Chicago" }, { "id": "16221415", "score": "1.4050884", "text": "Bayshore Boulevard Bayshore Boulevard is a waterfront road on Hillsborough Bay in South Tampa, Florida. Located south of downtown Tampa, its sidewalk, claimed to be the longest continuous sidewalk in the world at long, is wide and is widely used for recreation and exercise. However, the longest continuous sidewalk in the world is actually the Rambla of Montevideo, which is over 13.7 miles (22.2 km) long and that borders the entire coast of Montevideo, Uruguay, along the Río de la Plata. The bike lane, a linear park, and the Bayshore Greenway Trail provide scenic views of urban Tampa and the", "title": "Bayshore Boulevard" }, { "id": "16871420", "score": "1.3968797", "text": "Qianshi Hutong Qianshi hutong () translated as \"money market hutong\", is a Beijing hutong recognized as the narrowest in the city. The street is located near to Qianmen, in the Dongcheng district. For most of its length it is wide and measures at its narrowest point, requiring passersby to turn sideways. During the Qing Dynasty, Qianshi was a financial center of monetary exchange, home to 26 mints producing copper coins for nearly every bank in the city. The lane narrowed as these banks expanded. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the lane lost its function", "title": "Qianshi Hutong" }, { "id": "1877129", "score": "1.396569", "text": "main ones are also called \"salizada\" and wider \"calli\", where trade proliferates, are called \"riga\"', while blind \"calli\", used only by residents to reach their homes, are \"ramo\". \"Spreuerhofstraße\" is the world's narrowest street, found in the city of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It ranges from at its narrowest to at its widest. The lane was built in 1727 during the reconstruction efforts after the area was completely destroyed in the massive citywide fire of 1726 and is officially listed in the Land-Registry Office as City Street Number 77. Lintgasse is an alley () in the Old town of Cologne, Germany", "title": "Alley" }, { "id": "15738709", "score": "1.3939188", "text": "a larger house on East 27th Street in Manhattan, and a corner building in Greenpoint in Brooklyn with an office on the ground floor listed at just under 8 feet\". 75½ Bedford Street 75½ Bedford Street is a house located in the West Village neighborhood of New York City that is only 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 meters) wide. Built in 1873, it is often described as the narrowest house in New York. Its past tenants have included Edna St. Vincent Millay, Ann McGovern, cartoonist William Steig and anthropologist Margaret Mead. It is sometimes referred to as the Millay House,", "title": "75½ Bedford Street" }, { "id": "3305155", "score": "1.3925726", "text": "survives as one of the city's major arteries, flanked by a mix of office, residential and mixed use towers. The street is known for its width and leafiness. For most of its length, the wide street consists of a wide shared footpath (lined with Elm trees), street side parking, a bicycle lane, two lanes for motor vehicle traffic, median strip reserve (lined with mature London Plane trees), another two lanes for motor vehicle traffic and a tram line on either side. Melbourne's trams travel down the centre of the road along the length of the street. There have been proposals", "title": "St Kilda Road, Melbourne" }, { "id": "2568752", "score": "1.391074", "text": "formed part of the work of the commission. Originally many of the new houses had 15 feet high granite shop fronts at street level which were divided into three bays, a narrow bay at each side, incorporating a door, and a wide bay at the middle of the facade for the display of goods. Many of these shopfronts still remain on the west side of d'Olier Street. Many of the Wide Street Commission buildings can be seen today on streets with granite shopfronts at ground floor level and brick facades above. They are generally streets with standardised house designs such", "title": "Wide Streets Commission" }, { "id": "15495120", "score": "1.3908272", "text": "in Tehran, Iran. Nelson Mandela Boulevard is the most famous street in Tehran after Valiasr Street which is the longest street in the Middle East, spanning a south-north axis. It is also famous for being one of the liveliest streets of Tehran, experiencing regular traffic jams even at 2:00A.M during Summer. Nelson Mandela Boulevard is the most famous street in Tehran after Valiasr Avenue which is the longest street in Middle East, spanning a south-north axis. It is also famous for being one of the liveliest streets of Tehran, experiencing regular traffic jams even at 2:00am during the Summer. The", "title": "Nelson Mandela Boulevard (Jordan Street) Tehran" }, { "id": "6407624", "score": "1.3879359", "text": "the corner of Broad and Wall. Broad Street (Manhattan) Broad Street is a narrow street located in the Financial District in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It stretches from South Street to Wall Street. Originally the Broad Canal in New Amsterdam drawing from the East River, the canal was filled in 1676 after numerous fruit and vegetable vendors made it difficult for boats to enter the canal. Early establishments on Broad Street in the 1600s included the Fraunces Tavern and the Royal Exchange. Later on the area became the center of financial activity, and all smaller buildings in", "title": "Broad Street (Manhattan)" }, { "id": "3331751", "score": "1.386542", "text": "studied the new pedestrian area starting in 1962 and his influential reports and findings on the subject formed the basis of Copenhagen's subsequent broader policy shift toward emphasising pedestrians and bicycles. Gehl and Copenhagen's policies have later become influential around the world, encouraging cities such as Melbourne and New York to pedestrianise. The street is often credited as the oldest and longest pedestrian street in the world; in fact neither claim is true, although it was the longest pedestrian street at the time of its conversion in 1962. Rue Sainte-Catherine in Bordeaux is longer, while Lijnbaan in Rotterdam was pedestrianised", "title": "Strøget" }, { "id": "11858933", "score": "1.3842425", "text": "about 4 km towards north and ends near Vallalar Nagar. The street derived its name from a mint of the East India Company that existed at the end of this street during the British era. Now the building houses Central Printing Press of Government of Tamil Nadu. This is considered one of few longest streets in the world. Several government offices, both state and central governments, including Andaman & Nicobar Island government's administrative offices of Shipping and Tourism Departments, are located on Rajaji Salai. The very attractive Burma Bazaar, noted for selling electronic goods and other items at cheaper rates,", "title": "George Town, Chennai" } ]

[ "cricket clubs", "Cricket Clubs", "Spirit of Cricket", "cricketeer", "cricket player", "toss", "cricket team", "Cricket (game)", "Cricketeer", "kricket", "Cricket club", "Scorecard (cricket)", "The toss", "cricket sport", "amateur cricket", "Sport cricket", "sport cricket", "World Richest Cricketers", "cricketplayer", "cricket club", "cricket as social event", "cricketing", "Cricketplayer", "cricketers", "Coin toss (cricket)", "amature cricket", "Cricket games", "Spirit of cricket", "cricketed", "Cricketers", "world richest cricketers", "cricket games", "Cricket", "Kricket", "Cricket (sport)", "scorecard cricket", "🏏", "Wicketkeeping", "Amature cricket", "creag", "Cricket player", "wicketkeeping", "cricket", "cricketer", "criket", "coin toss cricket", "sports cricket", "not in spirit of cricket", "Criket", "Not in the spirit of cricket", "Amateur cricket", "Cricket as a social event", "Creag", "cricket game", "Cricketer", "Sports cricket", "spirit of cricket", "Cricket team", "Cricketing", "Cricketed" ]

[ { "id": "13305305", "score": "1.6798264", "text": "Shane Warne Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969) is an Australian former international cricketer, and a former ODI captain of the Australian national team. Widely regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in the history of the game, Warne was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1994 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. He was the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World in 1997 (Notional Winner). He was named Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for the year 2004 in the 2005 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. In 2000, he was selected by a panel of cricket experts as", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "13305366", "score": "1.6484832", "text": "Richard Hadlee. He has taken 37 Test fifers and single ODI fifer, along with 10 Test ten-wicket hauls. Shane Warne Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969) is an Australian former international cricketer, and a former ODI captain of the Australian national team. Widely regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in the history of the game, Warne was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in the 1994 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. He was the Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World in 1997 (Notional Winner). He was named Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for the year 2004", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "13305310", "score": "1.5726655", "text": "2018. Shane Warne was born to German-born Bridgette (Brigitte) and Keith Warne on 13 September 1969 in Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria, an outer suburb of Melbourne. Warne attended Hampton High School from Grades 7–9, after which he was offered a sports scholarship to attend Mentone Grammar. Warne spent his final three years of school at Mentone. His first representative honours came when in 1983-84 season he represented University of Melbourne Cricket Club in the then Victorian Cricket Association under 16 Dowling Shield competition. He bowled a mixture of leg-spin and off-spin and was a handy lower order batsman. The following", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "13305338", "score": "1.5588326", "text": "– given to him by his mother to improve his appearance. A committee established by the Australian Cricket Board found Warne guilty of breaching the Board's drug code, and imposed a one-year ban from organised cricket. At the time, Warne took the view that the ban imposed would lengthen his Test playing career. That Warne was allowed to play in charity matches while serving his one-year ban was criticised by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) although WADA, in turn, was criticised by Warne for interfering in the matter. During his suspension, Warne was hired by the Nine Network, Australia's main", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "13305358", "score": "1.5551153", "text": "Codemaster video games \"Shane Warne Cricket\" and \"Shane Warne Cricket '99\". Outside Australia these were known as \"Brian Lara Cricket\" and \"Brian Lara Cricket '99\". For the 2007/08 Australian cricket series, Warne took over as Victoria Bitter spokesperson from David Boon in the Boonanza promotion. Warne had a talking figurine as part of the promotion, which continued from the \"\"Talking Boony\"\" doll. In January 2008, Warne signed a two-year agreement with 888poker to represent them at poker events around the world including the Aussie Millions, World Series of Poker and the 888 UK Poker Open. This sponsorship agreement ended in", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Shane Warne\n\nShane Keith Warne (13 September 1969 – 4 March 2022) was an Australian international cricketer, whose career ran from 1991 to 2007. Warne played as a right-arm leg spin bowler and a right-handed batsman for Victoria, Hampshire and Australia. He is regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in the history of the sport; he made 145 Test appearances, taking 708 wickets, and set the record for the most wickets taken by any bowler in Test cricket, a record he held until 2007.\n\nWarne was a useful lower-order batsman who scored more than 3,000 Test runs, with a highest score of 99. He retired from international cricket at the end of Australia's 2006–07 Ashes series victory over England.\n\nIn the first four seasons of the Indian Premier League (IPL), Warne was a player-coach for Rajasthan Royals and also captained the team. During his career, Warne was involved in off-field scandals; his censures included a ban from cricket for testing positive for a prohibited substance, and charges of sexual indiscretions and bringing the game into disrepute.\n\nWarne revolutionised cricket thinking with his mastery of leg spin, then regarded as a dying art. After retirement, he regularly worked as a cricket commentator and for charities and endorsed commercial products. In recognition of his skill, a statue of Warne bowling was placed outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), where he was also honoured with a state memorial service, as well as having a grandstand named in his honour. Warne was posthumously appointed as an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for his service to cricket.", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Melbourne Cricket Ground\n\nThe Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), also known locally as \"The 'G\", is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne, Victoria. Founded and managed by the Melbourne Cricket Club, it is the largest stadium in the Southern Hemisphere, the 11th largest globally, and the second largest cricket ground by capacity. The MCG is within walking distance of the city centre and is served by Richmond and Jolimont railway stations, as well as the route 70, route 75, and route 48 trams. It is adjacent to Melbourne Park and is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct.\n\nSince it was built in 1853, the MCG has undergone numerous renovations. It served as the centerpiece stadium of the 1956 Summer Olympics, the 2006 Commonwealth Games and two Cricket World Cups: 1992 and 2015. It will also serve as the host for the opening ceremonies of the 2026 Commonwealth Games. Noted for its role in the development of international cricket, the MCG hosted both the first Test match and the first One Day International, played between Australia and England in 1877 and 1971 respectively. It has also maintained strong ties with Australian rules football since its codification in 1859, and has become the principal venue for Australian Football League (AFL) matches, including the AFL Grand Final, the world's highest attended league championship event. It hosted the Grand Final for the 2022 T20 World Cup.\n\nHome to the Australian Sports Museum, the MCG has hosted other major sporting events, including international rules football matches between Australia and Ireland, international rugby union matches, State of Origin (rugby league) games, and FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Concerts and other cultural events are also held at the venue with the record attendance standing at 143,750 for a Billy Graham evangelistic crusade in 1959. Grandstand redevelopments and occupational health and safety legislation have limited the maximum seating capacity to approximately 95,000 with an additional 5,000 standing room capacity, bringing the total capacity to 100,024.\n\nThe MCG is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and was included on the Australian National Heritage List in 2005. In 2003, journalist Greg Baum called it \"a shrine, a citadel, a landmark, a totem\" that \"symbolises Melbourne to the world\".", "title": "Melbourne Cricket Ground" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John the bookmaker controversy\n\n\"John\" or \"John the bookmaker\" is the name given to an Indian bookmaker who in 1994–95 gave money to Australian cricketers Mark Waugh and Shane Warne, in return for pitch and weather information.\n\nAccording to the players, they refused to divulge more-strategic material, such as team tactics and player selection policies. One of the most publicised of a series of betting controversies in cricket in the 1990s, the matter was initially covered up by the Australian Cricket Board (ACB), which decided that it was sufficient to privately fine the players. The ACB concluded that, since Waugh and Warne had previously accused Pakistani cricket captain Saleem Malik of attempting to bribe them to lose matches, their credibility as witnesses would be damaged if their own involvement with John was publicised. The ACB reported the matter to the International Cricket Council, and the matter ended there.\n\nWhen the issue was uncovered by the media in late 1998, the two players were widely condemned by the press and public, as was the ACB for their cover-up. Waugh received a hostile reaction from Australian spectators when he walked out to bat during a Test match immediately after the news broke. On the other hand, the sports community was generally supportive of the players. The ACB appointed Rob O'Regan QC to conduct an independent inquiry into the matter. O'Regan concluded that the fines were inadequate and wrote that a suspension for a \"significant time\" would have been a more appropriate penalty.<ref name=cricinfo/> He strongly condemned the players' behaviour and their failure as role models for young fans. O'Regan further added that players needed to be better informed about the dangers of gambling and unauthorised bookmakers.\n\nThe controversy prompted Pakistan to ask the two Australian players to appear in front of their own judicial inquiry into corruption; Australia responded by granting the Pakistanis permission to hold hearings in Australia with full privileges. The players were questioned about their accusations against Malik, and whether their dealings with John detracted from their credibility. Both Waugh and Warne denied any suggestions they played with less determination in the matches in question, stating that they were among the leading players in those games.", "title": "John the bookmaker controversy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year\n\nThe BBC World Sport Star of the Year (formerly known as the BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year) is an award presented at the annual BBC Sports Personality of the Year award ceremony. The award is presented to a non-British sportsperson considered to have made the most substantial contribution to a sport in that year. The award was decided by a panel of over 30 sporting journalists. Each panellist voted for their top two choices; their first preference was awarded two points, and their second preference was awarded one point. The winning sportsperson had the most total points. In the case of a points tie, the sportsperson chosen as first preference by the most panellists is the winner. If this is also a tie the award is shared. In 2015 the public voted for this award.\n\nThe Overseas Personality award was first presented in 1960, six years after the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award was introduced. The first recipient of the award was Australian middle distance runner Herb Elliott. Since then, the award has been presented to 51 sportspersons. Swiss tennis player Roger Federer has won the award four times. American boxer Muhammad Ali and Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt have both won the award three times. The award has been shared on three occasions—by Ron Clarke and Gary Player in 1965, Eusébio and Garfield Sobers in 1966, and Evander Holyfield and Michael Johnson in 1996. The husband-and-wife skating duo of Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova are the only pair to have won the award, doing so in 1968.<ref name=\"propotov\"/> Belousova was the first woman to become Overseas Personality—she was also the oldest, aged 33. George Moore is the oldest recipient of the award, winning in 1967 aged 44. The youngest recipient of the award is Nadia Comăneci, who won in 1976 at age 15. Boris Becker, who was 18 when he won in 1985, is the youngest male to have won.<ref name=\"Fifty facts\"/>\n\nTwenty-six different countries have been represented by the award winners as of 2022. United States sportspersons have won the award the most times, having had nineteen recipients, two of whom shared the award. Three cricketers have received the award -- Garfield Sobers of Barbados, Brian Lara of Trinidad and Tobago (both of whom played for the West Indies cricket team), and Shane Warne of Australia. Fourteen sporting disciplines have been represented; tennis has the highest representation, with fifteen recipients.\n\nOnly one winner has ever been stripped of the award – U.S. cyclist Lance Armstrong, whose 2003 award was rescinded following the UCI's 2012 decision to strip him of his titles and ban him for life from the sport.\n\nIn 2018, the award was renamed BBC World Sport Star of the Year. Along with the change of name, votes could be cast from outside of the UK for the first time.<ref name=\"bbc.co.uk\"/>", "title": "BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Don Bradman\n\nSir Donald George Bradman, (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), nicknamed \"The Don\", was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 has been cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport.\n\nThe story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore. His meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years. Before his 22nd birthday, he had set many records for top scoring, some of which still stand, and became Australia's sporting idol at the height of the Great Depression.\n\nDuring a 20-year playing career, Bradman consistently scored at a level that made him, in the words of former Australia captain Bill Woodfull, \"worth three batsmen to Australia\". A controversial set of tactics, known as Bodyline, was specially devised by the England team to curb his scoring. As a captain and administrator, Bradman was committed to attacking, entertaining cricket; he drew spectators in record numbers. He hated the constant adulation, however, and it affected how he dealt with others. The focus of attention on Bradman's individual performances strained relationships with some teammates, administrators and journalists, who thought him aloof and wary. Following an enforced hiatus due to the Second World War, he made a dramatic comeback, captaining an Australian team known as \"The Invincibles\" on a record-breaking unbeaten tour of England.\n\nA complex and highly driven man, not given to close personal relationships,<ref name=Swanton>\n</ref> Bradman retained a pre-eminent position in the game by acting as an administrator, selector and writer for three decades following his retirement. Even after he became reclusive in his declining years, Bradman's opinion was highly sought, and his status as a national icon was still recognised. Almost fifty years after his retirement as a Test player, in 1997, Prime Minister John Howard called him the \"greatest living Australian\". Bradman's image has appeared on postage stamps and coins, and a museum dedicated to his life was opened while he was still living. On the centenary of his birth, 27 August 2008, the Royal Australian Mint issued a $5 commemorative gold coin with Bradman's image. In 2009, he was inducted posthumously as an inaugural member into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.", "title": "Don Bradman" }, { "id": "13305356", "score": "1.5442103", "text": "Warne took over from Ally McCoist as a team captain on the BBC television sports quiz \"A Question of Sport\" in September 2007. In 2010, the Nine Network commissioned a chat show hosted by Warne, entitled \"Warnie\". The program debuted on 24 November 2010, with Warne interviewing James Packer. Celebrities interviewed on the programme included then captain of the Australian cricket team Ricky Ponting, and the singers Chris Martin and Susan Boyle. The program experienced spiralling audience figures and was axed before its final scheduled episode, although the network denied that it had been cancelled due to poor ratings. In", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "19304948", "score": "1.5421548", "text": "Shane Warne Foundation Shane Warne Foundation was an Australian not-for-profit organisation founded in 2004 by former cricketer Shane Warne. The organisation closed in 2017 following a regulatory investigation and controversy over its finances. Warne founded the charity in 2003, with the intention of assisting \"seriously ill and underprivileged children and teenagers\". Dermott Brereton appeared on The Celebrity Apprentice Australia (season 3) in 2013 and raised $294,687 for the charity. During 2015, Barry Hall appeared on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 1) and was runner-up, with his charity being the Shane Warne Foundation Past and present members", "title": "Shane Warne Foundation" }, { "id": "13305339", "score": "1.5400202", "text": "free-to-air cricket broadcaster, as a TV commentator. During the winter of 2003, he worked for the St Kilda Australian rules football club in an unpaid consultancy role, after the Australian Football League disallowed him from holding an official club position because of his drugs ban. He also received invitations to play in various celebrity \"park cricket\" teams, and the newly renamed Cricket Australia reversed its decision on whether Warne, as a contracted player, should be allowed to play in such matches. Warne returned to competitive cricket following his ban in February 2004. In March, in the first Test of a", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "13305365", "score": "1.5314295", "text": "Cricket Board found Warne guilty of breaching the Board's drug code, and imposed a one-year ban from organised cricket. In 2013, Warne was fined $4500 and banned for one match for using obscene language, making inappropriate physical contact with a player or official (Marlon Samuels) and showing serious dissent at an umpire's decision during a BBL match. In 2007, Cricket Australia and Sri Lanka Cricket decided to name the Australia- Sri Lanka Test cricket series, Warne–Muralidaran Trophy in honour of Warne and Muttiah Muralitharan. He is the third highest five-wicket haul taker in the international arena after Muttiah Muralitharan and", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "3250042", "score": "1.5226735", "text": "December 2005. Australian bowler Shane Warne referred to South African batsman Makhaya Ntini, who was batting with an injured knee, as \"John Blackman\". Warne was claiming that Ntini was controlling his \"dicky knee\" just like Blackman \"controlled\" Dickie Knee on the show. But Ntini, a Bantu, interpreted the remark as a racist jibe, and a minor controversy occurred. Eventually Australian captain Ricky Ponting explained the situation to South African captain Graeme Smith. Blackman himself had in fact visited the Australian team's dressing rooms not long before the incident occurred. John Farnham was a frequent guest. Musicians also visited, and they", "title": "Hey Hey It's Saturday" }, { "id": "13003985", "score": "1.5214683", "text": "Shane Warne: The Musical Shane Warne: The Musical is a musical comedy by Eddie Perfect based on the life of Australian cricketer Shane Warne. The Daily Telegraph described the musical as \"a warts-and-all account of the spin bowler's controversy-laden career and roller-coaster personal life set to soul, rock, opera, gospel music – and even a bit of Bollywood.\" The musical consists of two acts: the first act covering Warne's aborted Australian rules football career, his marriage and his rise to success as a Test cricketer while the controversial issues that Warne was involved in; such as his drug offence, infidelity", "title": "Shane Warne: The Musical" }, { "id": "13305336", "score": "1.5210149", "text": "prospect of Warne ever being appointed to captain Australia. Australia played a three-Test series against Pakistan in October 2002, held in neutral Sri Lanka and the United Arab Emirates. Warne, who had lost weight over the previous months, took 27 wickets, was named the player of the series, and was man of the match in the first Test (with 11 wickets) and the third Test (with eight wickets). He returned to Australia for the Ashes series against England, starting in November 2002. He scored a half-century (57) with the bat in the first Test, before taking 11 wickets in the", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "8384824", "score": "1.5208709", "text": "Jimmy Anderson coming in for Matthew Hoggard, who had sustained a side-strain. Australia named the same side that won in Melbourne. To recognise the careers of retiring Australian Players Glenn McGrath and Shane Warne, \"Thx Glenn\" and \"Thx Shane\" were painted on the ground in place of the \"mobile\" part of the 3 logos (\"Thx\" being SMS language for \"thanks\"). When Justin Langer also announced his retirement midway through the match, a \"Thx Justin\" sign was painted on the ground also. As in Melbourne, rain delayed the start in Sydney. When the toss finally came at 11:10 local time (00:10", "title": "2006–07 Ashes series" }, { "id": "13305330", "score": "1.5186436", "text": "Warne took 4/33. Australia chased down the target comfortably to win the World Cup. Warne was the tournament's joint top wicket-taker with Geoff Allott and was named the man of the match in the Final. After his World Cup performances, Warne was retained as Australia's vice-captain for the tours of Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe later in 1999. The following Australian summer, he played in all Tests of the series against Pakistan and India. He reached his highest score with the bat in the first Test against Pakistan in Brisbane, with 86, before matching that score in the first Test against", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "9096974", "score": "1.5159242", "text": "Warne and Waugh during Australia's tour of the country in late 1994, immediately after the Singer Trophy. The player was later identified as Saleem Malik, and it was revealed that the Australian trio had privately reported him for offering them money to throw matches. As a result of the media interest, the ACB privately launched an investigation to determine if any Australian players had been involved with bookmakers. Journalists told officials about speculation that an Australian player was having financial dealings with bookmakers, after Mark Ray of the \"Sunday Age\" received an anonymous letter alleging that Waugh and Warne were", "title": "John the bookmaker controversy" }, { "id": "14227826", "score": "1.5153086", "text": "Warne–Muralidaran Trophy The Warne–Muralitharan Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Australia–Sri Lanka Test cricket series from 2007–08 season onwards. The trophy is named after the two leading wicket takers in Test cricket, Sri Lanka's Muttiah Muralitharan (who prefers to romanise his name as \"Muralidaran\") and Australia's Shane Warne. The trophy celebrates the 25th anniversary of Australia–Sri Lanka Test cricket. The trophy features casts of the two bowlers' right hands and match-used cricket balls bowled by them during their careers. Sri Lanka Cricket, the governing body of cricket in Sri Lanka had written to its Australian counterpart, Cricket Australia,", "title": "Warne–Muralidaran Trophy" }, { "id": "14666050", "score": "1.5115175", "text": "stress fracture and was replaced by Ian Harvey. A day before the tournament started, Australia's key spinner Shane Warne was found guilty of using a prohibited diuretic drug during an ODI series held in Australia before the World Cup. He was sent home after he tested positive, and banned from playing for one year. Later, Australia's fast bowler Jason Gillespie was ruled out from the tournament following a tendon injury. Warne and Gillespie were replaced by Nathan Hauritz (on 24 February 2003) and Nathan Bracken (on 5 March 2003), respectively. An ongoing dispute between the Board for Control of Cricket", "title": "2003 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "13305321", "score": "1.5110782", "text": "Australia played home series against Pakistan and Sri Lanka. He took 11 wickets in the first Test against Pakistan but broke his toe in the second. Selectors included him in the squad for the third Test just days later to give him the chance to prove his fitness; he did so by taking four wickets in Pakistan's first innings and another four in their second to be named the player of the series. Warne was to be a key member of Australia's squad for the 1996 World Cup, held in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Australia qualified for the final,", "title": "Shane Warne" }, { "id": "1388364", "score": "1.5061272", "text": "play at the top level in sports such as baseball, ice hockey and American football. Grant Balfour is a relief pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays, and played in the 2008 World Series. Australian basketballers have done well at the Olympics, coming fourth four times. The skill set of Australian rules footballers fits the mould of US National Football League (NFL) punters, and they stand out from their American peers with their ability to tackle returners. Two former AFL footballers competed in the 2009 NFC Championship game as punters, Saverio Rocca for the Philadelphia Eagles and Ben Graham for the", "title": "Culture of Australia" }, { "id": "7663760", "score": "1.5049084", "text": "Bay Sheffield Hall of Fame. Shane McKenzie Shane McKenzie (born in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian bobsleigh athlete. He represented Australia at the Winter Olympics in 2006. McKenzie first started the in sport of Bobsleigh in 2003 when he was recruited by top Australian professional sprinter, Robin Calleja who encouraged McKenzie to join him on the European Circuit. After he was runner-up in the Under 20 Australian 100m title, McKenzie represented Australia at the 1992 World Junior Athletics Championships in Seoul, Korea. He has been a professional sprinter competing regularly in South Australian Athletic League, Victorian Athletic League, Tasmanian", "title": "Shane McKenzie" } ]

[ "Fencing", "Fencing instructor", "swordplay", "Fencing (sport)", "foilist", "afl fencing", "Foilist", "olympic sport of fencing", "modern fencing", "Swordplay", "Olympic Sport of Fencing", "Olympic fencing", "European Fencing", "epeeist", "fencing instructor", "sword training", "fencing", "Modern fencing", "swordplayer", "olympic fencing", "Épéeist", "Swordplayer", "épéeist", "Electric fencing (fencing)", "Epeeist", "fencing sport", "AFL fencing", "sport fencing", "electric fencing fencing", "european fencing", "Sword Training", "Sport fencing" ]

[ { "id": "18252606", "score": "1.9072299", "text": "Kristina Mladenovic (world no. 32) did so for the women's singles based on their WTA World Rankings as of June 6, 2016. Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut had their appeals approved by the International Tennis Federation to compete in the men's doubles based on their direct top-10 ATP ranking. On July 18, 2016, Gasquet pulled out of the Games due to a back injury and was replaced by Benoît Paire (world no. 24), the next eligible player from France. France has qualified a total of five triathletes for the Olympics. London 2012 Olympian Vincent Luis secured the men's triathlon spot", "title": "France at the 2016 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "7468939", "score": "1.8693672", "text": "total medals, and had each of the four cyclists finish in the top ten individually. Hamel took the individual bronze. In track cycling, the French team took two of the four gold medals. Michard won the sprint championship, while Cugnot and Choury won the tandem. Cugnot also earned a bronze in the sprint. Twelve divers, nine men and three women, represented France in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport, and the first time France sent female divers. The fifth-place finishes by Lenormand and Raymond Vincent were France's best diving results to date. Twelve equestrians represented France", "title": "France at the 1924 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "14860188", "score": "1.8635116", "text": "age 49, was the oldest athlete of the team, while gymnast Anne Kuhm was the youngest, at age 15. Pistol shooter and former Olympic gold medalist Franck Dumoulin made his sixth appearance, having participated at every Summer Olympics since 1992. Épée fencer and multiple-time Olympic medalist Laura Flessel-Colovic, meanwhile, became the first French female athlete to compete at five separate Olympic Games. Because of her repeated successes in fencing, Flessel-Colovic became France's first female flag bearer at the opening ceremony since 1996. Other notable French athletes included slalom canoer and multiple-time world champion Tony Estanguet, judoka and Olympic bronze medalist", "title": "France at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "12140745", "score": "1.8501961", "text": "journalist for \"Le Figaro\", \"L'Echo des Sports\" and other newspapers. Roger Ducret Roger Ducret (2 April 1888 – 8 January 1962) was a French fencer who competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. At the 1924 Summer Olympics he entered five events out of six and earned a gold or silver medal in each of them, winning individual medals in all three competitive fencing disciplines: épée, foil and sabre. During his times, only one fencer did better, the Italian – Nedo Nadi won five gold medals at the 1920 Summer Olympics. During World War I Ducret was a prisoner", "title": "Roger Ducret" }, { "id": "14860189", "score": "1.8442383", "text": "Teddy Riner, swimmer and junior European champion Yannick Agnel, pole vaulter and multiple-time European champion Renaud Lavillenie, and basketballer Tony Parker, who had previously played for the NBA's San Antonio Spurs. The following table lists the number of French competitors who participated in each Olympic sport. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes. France qualified three archers for the men's individual event, an archer for the women's individual event and a team for the men's team event: French athletes achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of", "title": "France at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "4924585", "score": "1.8367612", "text": "the first Olympic triathlon included twins Beatrice Mouthon and Isabelle Mouthon-Michellys. Isabelle was one of the three French triathletes to place in the top eight. Women's Individual Competition Men's Individual Competition Men <br> Women Men's Greco-Roman Competition France at the 2000 Summer Olympics France competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. 336 competitors, 211 men and 125 women, took part in 196 events in 28 sports. Sebastian Flute performed better in 2000 than he had in 1996, but still couldn't match the gold medal he had won in 1992. Jocelyn de Grandis was the only other French archer", "title": "France at the 2000 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "7468942", "score": "1.8324292", "text": "was also on the two gold medal teams, for the foil and épée. Cattiau finished second to Ducret in the foil, with his only loss in 24 bouts being the loss to Ducret in the final pool (Ducret had won only 19 of his 24 matches on his way to the gold medal, but went 6 and 0 in the final pool). France competed in the Olympic football tournament for the fourth time in 1924. Eight gymnasts represented France in 1924. It was the nation's sixth appearance in the sport, matching Great Britain for most appearances to that point. The", "title": "France at the 1924 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "14860185", "score": "1.8290447", "text": "winning three medals, including a gold, in their events. Meanwhile, Florent Manaudou succeeded his sister Laure with an Olympic gold medal in freestyle swimming. Renaud Lavillenie set a new Olympic record in the pole vault, becoming the third French man to claim the title, and the first to do so since 1996. Tony Estanguet won his third gold medal in the men's slalom canoeing singles, making him one of the most successful French athletes in Olympic history. On 11 August 2012, Estanguet was elected to the IOC Athletes' Commission, along with three other athletes. 1.Competed in preliminaries but not the", "title": "France at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "8884957", "score": "1.8273212", "text": "Well-known Belgian olympic champions are Hubert Van Innis and Edmond Cloetens (archery), Gaston Roelants and Tia Hellebaut (athletics), Patrick Sercu and Roger Ilegems (track cycling), Robert Van de Walle and Ulla Werbrouck (judo), Frédérik Deburghgraeve (swimming) and Justine Henin (tennis). Other well-known Belgian sport champions are Roger Moens, Ivo Van Damme and Kim Gevaert (athletics), Bart Veldkamp (speed skating), Ingrid Lempereur (swimming), Gella Vandecaveye, Heidi Rakels and Harry Van Barneveld (judo), Eddy Merckx, Rik Van Looy, Roger De Vlaeminck, Lucien Van Impe, Johan Bruyneel, Johan Museeuw, Axel Merckx and Tom Boonen (cycling), Raymond Ceulemans (three-cushion billiards), Jacky Ickx and Thierry", "title": "Sport in Belgium" }, { "id": "14860184", "score": "1.8239987", "text": "Six French athletes won more than a single Olympic medal in London. France's team-based athletes proved successful at these games, as the men's national handball team and the women's national basketball team won gold and silver medals, respectively. Furthermore, the men's national handball team managed to defend its 2008 Olympic title from Beijing. For the first time since 1960, France did not win an Olympic medal in fencing. Among the nation's medalists were Yannick Agnel and Camille Muffat (retired in 2014 and killed tragically in a helicopter crash one year later), who emerged as France's most successful Olympic swimmers after", "title": "France at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "9144079", "score": "1.823534", "text": "French riders are multiple Grand Tour winners Lucien Petit-Breton, André Leducq, Antonin Magne, Louison Bobet, Jacques Anquetil (along with historic contender Raymond Poulidor, who was a favourite of the crowd), Roger Pingeon, Bernard Thévenet, Bernard Hinault and Laurent Fignon, and multiple Monument winners Maurice Garin, Lucien Lesna, Hippolyte Aucouturier, Octave Lapize, Gustave Garrigou, Henri Pélissier, Charles Crupelandt, Jean Forestier, Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle and Laurent Jalabert. In women's cycling Jeannie Longo is one of the most successful competitors of all time, having won the Tour de France Feminin three times, nine gold medals in road racing and time trialling at the UCI", "title": "Sport in France" }, { "id": "9953486", "score": "1.819586", "text": "an Olympic and world champion, but in fencing. Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola (1 February 1920 – 19 July 2011) was a French equestrian who competed in show jumping. He is the only person two win two individual Olympic gold medals in this discipline. D'Oriola's first gold medal was won at the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, on the French gelding \"Ali Baba\", and his second gold at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, riding the French gelding \"Lutteur B\". Also in Tokyo, with Janous Lefevre and Guy Lefrant, again riding \"Lutteur B\", he earned a team silver medal", "title": "Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola" }, { "id": "12119126", "score": "1.8103614", "text": "1934 when his company went bankrupt. Lucien Gaudin Lucien Alphonse Paul Gaudin (27 September 1886 – 23 September 1934) was a French fencer. He competed in foil and in épée events at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics and won a gold or silver medal in every event he entered, accumulating four gold and two silver medal. This record is tied for the best French Olympics performance, matching fencers Christian d'Oriola (four gold and two silver) then followed by both Philippe Cattiau and Roger Ducret (three gold, four silver and one bronze). Gaudin also won two international champion's titles in", "title": "Lucien Gaudin" }, { "id": "7468978", "score": "1.8004005", "text": "was the nation's fourth appearance in tennis, having missed only 1904. The lone French woman, Broquedis, won the women's outdoor singles event while Gobert took the men's indoor singles championship. The indoor men's doubles pair also won, giving Gobert two gold medals. Broquedis had a second medal, taking the bronze along with Canet in the outdoor mixed pairs. Canet finished with a pair of bronzes, his other one coming in partnership with Mény in the men's outdoor doubles. France was represented by six wrestlers in its Olympic wrestling debut. None of the six was able to win a single match,", "title": "France at the 1912 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "18252585", "score": "1.7924513", "text": "jump after a 12-year absence, and pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie aiming to defend his Olympic pole vault title. Other athletes also featured Christophe Lemaitre, middle-distance runner Pierre-Ambroise Bosse, steeplechaser and double Olympic silver medalist Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad, and 2015 Worlds bronze medalist Alexandra Tavernier (women's hammer throw). Twenty-seven more athletes rounded out the French roster at the end of the qualifying period, extending its size to a total of 54. France has qualified two badminton players for each of the following events into the Olympic tournament. London 2012 Olympian Brice Leverdez and Delphine Lansac were selected among the top 34 individual", "title": "France at the 2016 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "11239141", "score": "1.7903404", "text": "to be escorted to their locker room under police protection. Adolphe Jauréguy Adolphe Jauréguy (18 February 1898 – 4 September 1977) was a French rugby union player who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Ostabat-Asme and died in Toulouse. In 1924 he won the silver medal as member of the French team. During the Olympic rugby union final between and the at Colombes Stadium, French fans booed and hissed the American team for the remainder of the game after star player Jauréguy was flattened by a hard tackle two minutes after the opening whistle, leaving him", "title": "Adolphe Jauréguy" }, { "id": "12140744", "score": "1.7877734", "text": "Roger Ducret Roger Ducret (2 April 1888 – 8 January 1962) was a French fencer who competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. At the 1924 Summer Olympics he entered five events out of six and earned a gold or silver medal in each of them, winning individual medals in all three competitive fencing disciplines: épée, foil and sabre. During his times, only one fencer did better, the Italian – Nedo Nadi won five gold medals at the 1920 Summer Olympics. During World War I Ducret was a prisoner of war. After retiring from competitions he worked as a", "title": "Roger Ducret" }, { "id": "7468941", "score": "1.7861013", "text": "It was the nation's fifth appearance in the sport. France won three gold medals and three silver medals, all in the six men's events. 11 of the country's 13 entries reached the finals; the sabre team Perrodon in the individual sabre were the only entries which did not get past the semifinals. In contrast, none of the four French women advanced to the final. Ducret had the best results of any fencer in 1924, winning five medals. He took medals in all three of the individual competitions, including gold in the foil and silver in the other two events. Ducret", "title": "France at the 1924 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "18252605", "score": "1.784651", "text": "competition at the Olympics. M'Bar N'Diaye, Yasmina Aziez, Haby Niaré, and 2008 Olympic bronze medalist Gwladys Épangue qualified automatically for their respective weight classes by finishing in the top 6 WTF Olympic rankings. France has entered nine tennis players (six men and three women) into the Olympic tournament. Richard Gasquet (world no. 10), Jo-Wilfried Tsonga (world no. 12), Gaël Monfils (world no. 15), and Gilles Simon (world no. 18) qualified directly for the men's singles as four of the top 56 eligible players in the ATP World Rankings, while Alizé Cornet (world no. 59), Caroline Garcia (world no. 38), and", "title": "France at the 2016 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "12119124", "score": "1.7836266", "text": "Lucien Gaudin Lucien Alphonse Paul Gaudin (27 September 1886 – 23 September 1934) was a French fencer. He competed in foil and in épée events at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics and won a gold or silver medal in every event he entered, accumulating four gold and two silver medal. This record is tied for the best French Olympics performance, matching fencers Christian d'Oriola (four gold and two silver) then followed by both Philippe Cattiau and Roger Ducret (three gold, four silver and one bronze). Gaudin also won two international champion's titles in épée (1905 and 1918), the European", "title": "Lucien Gaudin" } ]

[ "Lieger", "ledger", "Ledger", "liegers", "ledgers", "lieger", "Ledgers", "Liegers", "📒" ]

[ { "id": "6116813", "score": "1.3799138", "text": "estate, business law, and tax. Most states have form books containing state-specific forms. These can be published by various entities such as state courts or individual state bar association organizations. Other court systems may publish their own materials as well. Another type of form book is designed for those seeking legal forms but not trained as lawyers, commonly referred to as a “self-help” form book. Topics included could be leases, wills, and contracts. Typical forms included in a form book are a model complaint, answer, motion to compel discovery, motion for summary judgment, and request for permission to appeal. Other", "title": "Form book" }, { "id": "18416849", "score": "1.3553972", "text": "of accounting. The volumes start out with a discussion of the theory of accounts, and then proceed to show the methods of keeping the books of various kinds of organizations, from single proprietors to corporations, and of different kinds of businesses, including wholesale and retail establishments, banks, mail-order houses, hotels, insurance companies, and contracting firms. The 1913 review continued, that to one who is familiar with accounting practice, the books contain much suggestive material. Unfortunately the data are poorly organized and there is unnecessary repetition both in text and in illustrative material. The discussion of the theory of accounts is", "title": "James Bray Griffith" }, { "id": "5086976", "score": "1.336345", "text": "general journal entry includes the date of the transaction, the titles of the accounts debited and credited, the amount of each debit and credit, and an explanation of the transaction also known as a Narration. General journal General journal is a daybook or journal which is used to record transactions relating to adjustment entries, opening stock, accounting errors etc. The source documents of this prime entry book are journal voucher, copy of management reports and invoices. The journal is where double entry bookkeeping entries are recorded by debiting one or more accounts and crediting another one or more accounts with", "title": "General journal" }, { "id": "45998", "score": "1.334971", "text": "taking notes. Scientists and other researchers use lab notebooks to record their notes. They often feature spiral coil bindings at the edge so that pages may easily be torn out. Address books, phone books, and calendar/appointment books are commonly used on a daily basis for recording appointments, meetings and personal contact information. Books for recording periodic entries by the user, such as daily information about a journey, are called logbooks or simply logs. A similar book for writing the owner's daily private personal events, information, and ideas is called a diary or personal journal. Businesses use accounting books such as", "title": "Book" }, { "id": "45997", "score": "1.3254836", "text": "books. Students typically store and carry textbooks and schoolbooks for study purposes. Elementary school pupils often use workbooks, which are published with spaces or blanks to be filled by them for study or homework. In US higher education, it is common for a student to take an exam using a blue book. There is a large set of books that are made only to write private ideas, notes, and accounts. These books are rarely published and are typically destroyed or remain private. Notebooks are blank papers to be written in by the user. Students and writers commonly use them for", "title": "Book" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Book\n\nA book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is \"codex\" (plural, \"codices\"). In the history of hand-held physical supports for extended written compositions or records, the codex replaces its predecessor, the scroll. A single sheet in a codex is a leaf and each side of a leaf is a page.\n\nAs an intellectual object, a book is prototypically a composition of such great length that it takes a considerable investment of time to compose and still considered as an investment of time to read. In a restricted sense, a book is a self-sufficient section or part of a longer composition, a usage reflecting that, in antiquity, long works had to be written on several scrolls and each scroll had to be identified by the book it contained. Each part of Aristotle's \"Physics\" is called a book. In an unrestricted sense, a book is the compositional whole of which such sections, whether called books or chapters or parts, are parts.\n\nThe intellectual content in a physical book need not be a composition, nor even be called a book. Books can consist only of drawings, engravings or photographs, crossword puzzles or cut-out dolls. In a physical book, the pages can be left blank or can feature an abstract set of lines to support entries, such as in an account book, an appointment book, an autograph book, a notebook, a diary or a sketchbook. Some physical books are made with pages thick and sturdy enough to support other physical objects, like a scrapbook or photograph album. Books may be distributed in electronic form as ebooks and other formats.\n\nAlthough in ordinary academic parlance a monograph is understood to be a specialist academic work, rather than a reference work on a scholarly subject, in library and information science \"monograph\" denotes more broadly any non-serial publication complete in one volume (book) or a finite number of volumes (even a novel like Proust's seven-volume \"In Search of Lost Time\"), in contrast to serial publications like a magazine, journal or newspaper. An avid reader or collector of books is a bibliophile or colloquially, \"bookworm\". A place where books are traded is a bookshop or bookstore. Books are also sold elsewhere and can be borrowed from libraries. Google has estimated that by 2010, approximately 130,000,000 titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, the sale of printed books has decreased because of the increased usage of ebooks. Although in most countries printed books continue to outsell their digital counterparts due to many people still preferring to read in a traditional way.", "title": "Book" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bookbinding\n\nBookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book of codex format from an ordered stack of \"signatures\", sheets of paper folded together into sections that are bound, along one edge, with a thick needle and strong thread. Less permanent methods for binding books include loose-leaf rings, binding posts, twin loop spine coils, plastic spiral coils, and plastic spine combs. For protection, the bound stack of signatures is enclosed in a flexible cover or a cover of stiffened boards. Finally, an attractive cover is placed onto the boards which features the publisher's information and artistic decorations.\n\nThe trade of binding books is in two parts: (i) stationery binding (vellum) for books intended for handwritten entries, such as accounting ledgers, business journals, blank-page books, and guest logbooks, and notebooks, manifold books, day books, diaries, and portfolios. (ii) letterpress printing and binding deals with making books intended for reading, which comprises the library binding and the fine binding, edition binding and publisher's bindings.", "title": "Bookbinding" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Recorded history\n\nRecorded history or written history describes the historical events that have been recorded in a written form or other documented communication which are subsequently evaluated by historians using the historical method. For broader world history, recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium BC, and it coincides with the invention of writing. For some geographic regions or cultures, written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records. Moreover, human cultures do not always record all of the information which is considered relevant by later historians, such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals. Recorded history for particular types of information is therefore limited based on the types of records kept. Because of this, recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the topic.\n\nThe interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method, or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past. The question of the nature, and even the possibility of an effective method for interpreting recorded history, is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology. The study of different historical methods is known as historiography, which focuses on examining how different interpreters of recorded history create different interpretations of historical evidence.", "title": "Recorded history" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bookkeeping\n\nBookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business and other organizations. It involves preparing source documents for all transactions, operations, and other events of a business. Transactions include purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual person or an organization/corporation. There are several standard methods of bookkeeping, including the single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping systems. While these may be viewed as \"real\" bookkeeping, any process for recording financial transactions is a bookkeeping process.\n\nThe person in an organisation who is employed to perform bookkeeping functions is usually called the bookkeeper (or book-keeper). They usually write the \"daybooks\" (which contain records of sales, purchases, receipts, and payments), and document each financial transaction, whether cash or credit, into the correct daybook—that is, petty cash book, suppliers ledger, customer ledger, etc.—and the general ledger. Thereafter, an accountant can create financial reports from the information recorded by the bookkeeper. The bookkeeper brings the books to the trial balance stage, from which an accountant may prepare financial reports for the organisation, such as the income statement and balance sheet.", "title": "Bookkeeping" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Novel\n\nA novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the for \"new\", \"news\", or \"short story of something new\", itself from the , a singular noun use of the neuter plural of \"novellus\", diminutive of \"novus\", meaning \"new\". Some novelists, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, John Cowper Powys, preferred the term \"romance\" to describe their novels.\n\nAccording to Margaret Doody, the novel has \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years\", with its origins in the Ancient Greek and Roman novel, in Chivalric romance, and in the tradition of the Italian renaissance novella. The ancient romance form was revived by Romanticism, especially the historical romances of Walter Scott and the Gothic novel. Some, including M. H. Abrams and Walter Scott, have argued that a novel is a fiction narrative that displays a realistic depiction of the state of a society, while the romance encompasses any fictitious narrative that emphasizes marvellous or uncommon incidents.\n\nWorks of fiction that include marvellous or uncommon incidents are also novels, including \"The Lord of the Rings\", \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", and \"Frankenstein\". \"Romances\" are works of fiction whose main emphasis is on marvellous or unusual incidents, and should not be confused with the romance novel, a type of genre fiction that focuses on romantic love.\n\nMurasaki Shikibu's \"Tale of Genji\", an early 11th-century Japanese text, has sometimes been described as the world's first novel based on its early use of the experience of intimacy in a narrative form, but there is considerable debate over this — there were certainly long fictional prose works that preceded it. Spread of printed books in China led to the appearance of classical Chinese novels by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and Qing dynasty (1616-1911). An early example from Europe was written in Muslim Spain by the Sufi writer Ibn Tufayl entitled \"Hayy ibn Yaqdhan\". Later developments occurred after the invention of the printing press. Miguel de Cervantes, author of \"Don Quixote\" (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era. Literary historian Ian Watt, in \"The Rise of the Novel\" (1957), argued that the modern novel was born in the early 18th century.\n\nRecent technological developments have led to many novels also being published in non-print media: this includes audio books, web novels, and ebooks. Another non-traditional fiction format can be found in some graphic novels. While these comic book versions of works of fiction have their origins in the 19th century, they have only become popular more recently.", "title": "Novel" }, { "id": "6116814", "score": "1.3245658", "text": "types of forms include: Transactional forms used to draft wills, contracts, and documents Form book A form book is a tool used by attorneys to aid in the filing of pleadings, motions and other legal documents with a court or similar decision-making body. A form book may be a bound volume or binder containing loose-leaf pages, containing forms, clauses and model documents that the attorney might use when preparing a legal document or court pleading. Due to the exacting nature of legal forms and the time and effort required to prepare legal documents, form books were created as an aid", "title": "Form book" }, { "id": "45947", "score": "1.3195214", "text": "can be called a book. Books can consist only of drawings, engravings, or photographs, or such things as crossword puzzles or cut-out dolls. In a physical book the pages can be left blank or can feature an abstract set of lines as support for on-going entries, i.e., an account book, an appointment book, a log book, an autograph book, a notebook, a diary or day book, or a sketch book. Some physical books are made with pages thick and sturdy enough to support other physical objects, like a scrapbook or photograph album. Books may be distributed in electronic form as", "title": "Book" }, { "id": "8771373", "score": "1.3161088", "text": "flat, simplifying writing on the left side, and also makes them significantly more durable than loose leaf pads or spiral notebooks. Exercise books with fewer number of sheets, such as Blue books, are used in many post-secondary schools during assessement tests. Exercise book An exercise book or composition book is a notebook that is used in schools to copy down schoolwork and notes. A student will usually have a different exercise book for each separate lesson or subject. The exercise book format is different for some subjects: for the majority of subjects, the exercise book will contain lined paper with", "title": "Exercise book" }, { "id": "3865724", "score": "1.3074682", "text": "Account (bookkeeping) In bookkeeping, an account refers to assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity, as represented by individual ledger pages, to which changes in value are chronologically recorded with debit and credit entries. These entries, referred to as postings, become part of a \"book of final entry\" or ledger. Examples of common financial accounts are sales, accounts receivable, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages and payroll. A chart of accounts provides a listing of all financial accounts used by particular business, organization, or government agency. The system of recording, verifying, and reporting such information is called accounting. Practitioners", "title": "Account (bookkeeping)" }, { "id": "17460259", "score": "1.3063846", "text": "United Kingdom National Accounts – The Blue Book The annual United Kingdom National Accounts (The Blue Book) records and describes economic activity in the United Kingdom and as such is used by government, banks, academics and industries to formulate the economic and social policies and monitor the economic progress of the United Kingdom. It also allows international comparisons to be made. The Blue Book is published by the UK Office for National Statistics alongside the United Kingdom Balance of Payments – The Pink Book. After the second world war the UK government recognised the importance of understanding what kind of", "title": "United Kingdom National Accounts – The Blue Book" }, { "id": "17762395", "score": "1.3054311", "text": "provides the merchant with continued information about his business, and allows him to evaluate how things are going and to act accordingly. Pacioli recommends the Venetian method of double-entry bookkeeping above all others. Three major books of account are at the direct basis of this system: The ledger classes as the central document and is accompanied by an alphabetical index. Pacioli's treatise gave instructions on recording barter transactions and transactions in a variety of currencies – both of which were far more common than today. It also enabled merchants to audit their own books and to ensure that the entries", "title": "History of accounting" }, { "id": "51752", "score": "1.3045397", "text": "journal. In the double-entry system, at least two accounting entries are required to properly document each financial transaction. These entries may be recorded to asset, liability, equity, expense, or revenue accounts. The primary bookkeeping record in single-entry bookkeeping is the \"cash book\", which is similar to a checking account register (in UK: cheque account, current account), except all entries are allocated among several categories of income and expense accounts. Separate account records are maintained for petty cash, accounts payable and receivable, and other relevant transactions such as inventory and travel expenses. To save time and avoid the errors of manual", "title": "Bookkeeping" }, { "id": "17542909", "score": "1.3044983", "text": "and I, in the flush of our youth, wrote the first pioneering book on this subject. Then it seemed to be thought by some that we had written a book on economics, and not one on accountancy. \"The Accountant,\" which performs a most useful service in always representing the average mind of the profession, pointed out that the work was rather concerned with the wages and time books, stock books, and matters of a similar nature, which, as a rule did not come within the scope of an accountant’s duties... Fells is referring here to the words of an accountant,", "title": "Emile Garcke" }, { "id": "17762388", "score": "1.3033941", "text": "of crops, the sale of produce, the use of animals, and general expenditure on the staff. This information was then summarized as pieces of papyrus scroll into one big yearly account for each particular sub-division of the estate. Entries were arranged by sector, with cash expenses and gains extrapolated from all the different sectors. Accounts of this kind gave the owner the opportunity to take better economic decisions because the information was purposefully selected and arranged. When medieval Europe moved towards a monetary economy in the 13th century, sedentary merchants depended on bookkeeping to oversee multiple simultaneous transactions financed by", "title": "History of accounting" }, { "id": "18093287", "score": "1.3027358", "text": "is such as alone to recommend it to the Planter and Overseer. Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book The Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book is a best-selling and pioneering guide to farm accounting in the antebellum cotton-producing regions of the United States. It was first published in 1847 or 1848 by Thomas Affleck (1812-1868), a Scottish immigrant and owner of the Glenblythe Plantation in Gay Hill, Washington County, Texas. The book contains a detailed system, including blank tables to be filled in, that allowed plantation owners to track the efficiency of their production. It also includes essays on various", "title": "Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book" }, { "id": "45999", "score": "1.3018414", "text": "journals and ledgers to record financial data in a practice called bookkeeping. There are several other types of books which are not commonly found under this system. Albums are books for holding a group of items belonging to a particular theme, such as a set of photographs, card collections, and memorabilia. One common example is stamp albums, which are used by many hobbyists to protect and organize their collections of postage stamps. Such albums are often made using removable plastic pages held inside in a ringed binder or other similar holder. Picture books are books for children with pictures on", "title": "Book" }, { "id": "4858774", "score": "1.2998219", "text": "books through a class selection process. The contents of the book report, for a work of fiction, typically include basic bibliographical information about the work, a summary of the narrative and setting, main elements of the stories of key characters, the author's purpose in creating the work, the student's opinion of the book, and a theme statement summing up the main idea drawn from a reading of the book. To ease the process of writing the narrative and stories of the main characters, students may be advised to write sequence of action summaries, story 'pyramids', or story journals. Book reports", "title": "Book report" }, { "id": "17460261", "score": "1.2920089", "text": "format that we know now. This included gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National Product by sector, company profits, personal expenditure and savings. This continued to develop until 1984 when it was renamed ‘UK National Accounts – The Blue Book’, and expanded to around 140 pages. Over time this has generally come to be known as ‘The Blue Book’, and in 2013, covered over 350 pages. Blue Book 2013 was the first year that the Blue Book was produced as a web based HTML publication, methodological improvements were applied and a significant level of work was completed to align the", "title": "United Kingdom National Accounts – The Blue Book" }, { "id": "5086975", "score": "1.2913567", "text": "transactions in order by date. A journal is also named the \"book of original entry\", from when transactions were written in a journal prior to manually posting them to the accounts in the general ledger or subsidiary ledger. Manual systems usually had a variety of journals such as a sales journal, purchases journal, cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, and a general journal. Depending on the business's accounting information system, specialized journals may be used in conjunction with the general journal for record-keeping. In such case, use of the general journal may be limited to non-routine and adjusting entries. A", "title": "General journal" }, { "id": "8771366", "score": "1.2909704", "text": "Exercise book An exercise book or composition book is a notebook that is used in schools to copy down schoolwork and notes. A student will usually have a different exercise book for each separate lesson or subject. The exercise book format is different for some subjects: for the majority of subjects, the exercise book will contain lined paper with a margin, but for other subjects such as mathematics, the exercise book will contain squared paper to aid in the drawing of graphs, tables or other diagrams. Exercise books may act as a primary record of students' learning efforts. For younger", "title": "Exercise book" } ]

[ "Jerry (racehorse)", "jerry racehorse", "jerry disambiguation", "Jerry", "Jerry (disambiguation)", "jerry horse", "jerry", "Jerry (horse)" ]

[ { "id": "2611308", "score": "1.5750308", "text": "the show's first five seasons (from 1989 to 1994), though in \"The Seinfeld Chronicles\", Jerry referred to him as \"Kessler\", which was his original name for the show, until it was changed to \"Kramer\". However, in the first draft of the script, he was named \"Hoffman\". In \"The Betrayal\", when it is shown how Jerry met Kramer, Kramer says that his name is incorrectly listed as \"Kessler\" in the apartment building. This \"retcons\" the pilot's use of \"Kessler\" as the character's name. George finds out his unusual first name of \"Cosmo\" through an encounter with Kramer's long estranged mom, Babs", "title": "Cosmo Kramer" }, { "id": "997861", "score": "1.5572345", "text": "the mid-1990s, the show had become one of the most popular sitcoms in television history. The series ended its nine-year run in 1998 at #1 in the Nielsen ratings. In the setting of \"Seinfeld\", Kramer is usually referred to by his last name only and is the neighbor of the show's eponymous character. Kramer's first name, Cosmo, was revealed in the sixth-season episode \"The Switch\". Richards won more Emmys than any other cast member on \"Seinfeld\". He took home the award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1993, 1994 and 1997. Starting in 2004, he and his", "title": "Michael Richards" }, { "id": "7832859", "score": "1.5484165", "text": "Kramer doesn't want anything to do with her. When she first sees her son, she yells out his first name in shock, the first time in the series the audience learns Kramer's first name. A bewildered George, who went with Kramer, confusedly repeats his name, \"Cosmo\"? Mrs. Landis, who injured her humeral epicondyle playing tennis, is devastated and states she has no reason to live if she can't play tennis, and Elaine doesn't have the heart to ask for the racket back. Back at the apartment, Elaine says Mr. Pitt needs his racket for a match against Ethel Kennedy. George", "title": "The Switch (Seinfeld)" }, { "id": "1869094", "score": "1.5478094", "text": "When something goes wrong, George has been known to hold his head. \"Seinfeld\" co-creator Larry David based George largely on himself. Seinfeld and David created the character as a counterpoint to Seinfeld's character. In the first draft of the show's pilot script, called \"Stand-Up\" at the time, George's name was Bennett and he, like Jerry, was a comedian. In that same draft, the scene in the pilot in which George and Jerry discuss a woman Jerry met earlier, saw George and Jerry discussing their stand-up act. This idea however, was quickly abandoned and his name was changed to George, the", "title": "George Costanza" }, { "id": "7882109", "score": "1.5360341", "text": "such as \"The Puffy Shirt\" in season 5, and \"The Couch\" in season 6. This is the first episode that was made after the original pilot, \"The Seinfeld Chronicles\". The title of the series was shortened to \"Seinfeld\" to avoid confusion with another sitcom called \"The Marshall Chronicles\". This is the only episode that does not have \"the\" in the title. A decision was made to name all the episodes in this way so that the writers would not waste time trying to think of funny titles and instead make the content of the episode funny. However, this decision was", "title": "Male Unbonding" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Seinfeld characters\n\nThis is a list of characters who appeared on \"Seinfeld\". This list features only characters who appeared in multiple episodes; those that appeared in only one are not included here.\n\n\n</ref>\n\n", "title": "List of Seinfeld characters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cosmo Kramer\n\nCosmo Kramer, usually referred to as simply \"Kramer\", is a fictional character in the American television sitcom \"Seinfeld\" (1989–1998) played by Michael Richards.\n\nThe character is loosely based on comedian Kenny Kramer, Larry David's ex-neighbor across the hall. Kramer is the neighbor of the series' main character, Jerry Seinfeld, and is friends with George Costanza and Elaine Benes. Of the series' four central characters, only Kramer has no visible means of support; what few jobs he holds seem to be nothing more than larks.\n\nA lovable rogue, his trademarks include his upright hairstyle and vintage wardrobe, whose combination led Elaine to characterize him as a \"hipster doofus\"; his taste in fresh fruit; love of occasional smoking, Cuban cigars in particular; bursts through Jerry's apartment door without knocking; frequent pratfalls and penchant for nonsensical, percussive outbursts of noise to indicate skepticism, agreement, irritation and a variety of other feelings. He has been described as \"an extraordinary cross between Eraserhead and Herman Munster\".\n\nKramer appeared in all but two episodes: \"The Chinese Restaurant\" and \"The Pen\", in the second and third seasons, respectively. In the pilot episode, Kramer was called \"Kessler\" to prevent legal issues; Kenny Kramer later permitted the use of his name.", "title": "Cosmo Kramer" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Newman (Seinfeld)\n\nNewman is a recurring character and antagonist on the television show \"Seinfeld\", portrayed by Wayne Knight from 1992 until the show's finale in 1998. He is Jerry's arch-nemesis and Kramer's friend.\n\n\"TV Guide\" included him in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time. In 2016, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked him #16 of their \"40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time\".", "title": "Newman (Seinfeld)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Soup Nazi\n\n\"The Soup Nazi\" is the 116th episode of the NBC sitcom \"Seinfeld\", which was the sixth episode of the seventh season. It first aired in the United States on November 2, 1995.<ref name=\"tvguide\"/>\n\nThe Soup Nazi is also the nickname of the eponymous character, Yev Kassem, played by Larry Thomas. The term \"Nazi\" is used as an exaggeration of the strict regimentation he demands of his patrons (cf. \"grammar Nazi\". Elaine in particular comes into conflict with Kassem, while Jerry and George spar with each other over Jerry's affectionate behavior with his girlfriend.", "title": "The Soup Nazi" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John O'Hurley\n\nJohn George O'Hurley Jr. (born October 9, 1954) is an American actor, comedian, singer, author, game show host and television personality. He is known for his portrayal of J. Peterman on the NBC sitcom \"Seinfeld\", and was the sixth host of the game show \"Family Feud\" from 2006 to 2010. He also hosted \"To Tell the Truth\" from 2000 to 2002 in syndication.", "title": "John O'Hurley" }, { "id": "388542", "score": "1.5355655", "text": "Seinfeld Seinfeld is an American television sitcom that ran for nine seasons on NBC, from 1989 to 1998. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, with the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself. Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City, the show features a handful of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, including best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), friend and former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is often described as being \"a show about nothing\", as many of its", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "id": "1869095", "score": "1.526875", "text": "real estate broker instead. George's last name comes from Michael Costanza, a college classmate of Seinfeld. \"Louis\", George's middle name is a homage to Lou Costello, whose 1950s television series \"The Abbott and Costello Show\", inspired \"Seinfeld\"s writing style. Although he is often asked whether he wanted to play the character, Larry David has said that he was only interested in writing the show, that not only did he not want to act on the show, but it had never occurred to him and, even if it had, he highly doubted that NBC would have approved of his being cast.", "title": "George Costanza" }, { "id": "7216369", "score": "1.5123023", "text": "character and wanted to create the character himself. This situation was later parodied in the \"Seinfeld\" fourth season episode \"The Pilot\". The character was originally going to be named \"Kessler\" (parodied when he and Jerry are shown meeting for the first time in \"The Betrayal\"), due to Larry David's fear that using the name might spur the real Kramer to exploit his association with the character. However, Jerry Seinfeld thought that the name was too good not to use. Kenny Kramer then proceeded to contact Castle Rock Entertainment with a list of several demands, many of which were financial, for", "title": "Kenny Kramer" }, { "id": "9111227", "score": "1.5081449", "text": "the rest of the series. Kramer was named after a real person; he was called \"Kessler\" in the pilot episode because of the worries about the rights to use the name. The pilot was met with poor responses from test audiences, and NBC decided not to pick up the show. Believing the series had potential, NBC executive Rick Ludwin ordered four episodes about a year after NBC's rejection. The first of these aired on May 31, 1990. When the pilot was first repeated on July 5, 1990, it received a rating of 13.9/26, which means 13.9 percent of households were", "title": "Seinfeld (season 1)" }, { "id": "7832712", "score": "1.5009685", "text": "named \"Deion,\" referencing Deion Sanders. While brainstorming new first names for Joel, Elaine mentions \"O.J.\" (after O.J. Simpson). Several months after the episode aired, Simpson was charged with the murder of his wife and her friend. The Masseuse (Seinfeld) \"The Masseuse\" is the 73rd episode of the NBC sitcom \"Seinfeld\". It is the ninth episode of the fifth season, and first aired on November 18, 1993. Elaine is embarrassed when she dates a man who shares the same name as real-life serial killer Joel Rifkin (Anthony Cistaro), and she tries to convince him to change his name. Meanwhile, Jerry is", "title": "The Masseuse (Seinfeld)" }, { "id": "1001463", "score": "1.4924797", "text": "their influence on him was celebrated in a 1994 NBC special, \"Abbott and Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld\". Seinfeld's TV series includes numerous references to the team. George Costanza's middle name is \"Louis,\" after Costello. \"The Old Man (Seinfeld)\" (Season 4, Episode 18, aired February 18, 1993) featured a cantankerous old man named \"Sid Fields,\" played by veteran actor Bill Erwin, as a tribute to the landlord on the Abbott and Costello TV show. A friend of Kramer's is named Mickey Abbott. A copywriter for the J. Peterman catalog is named Eddie Sherman, after the team's longtime agent. In Episode 30,", "title": "Abbott and Costello" }, { "id": "388587", "score": "1.487441", "text": "was renamed simply \"Seinfeld\", but it wouldn't return to the airwaves until May 30, 1990, and it would be another three years before it became a Top 5-rated show. Preston Beckman, who was in charge of NBC's research department at the time, reminisced, \"The show was different. Nobody had seen anything like it. It wasn't unusual for poor-testing shows to get on the air, but it was very rare that they became hits.\" When it was first repeated on July 5, 1990, it received a rating of 13.9/26. These ratings were high enough to secure a second season. NBC research", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "id": "5161728", "score": "1.4841042", "text": "was watched by nearly 11% of American households, and received generally favorable reviews from critics, who reacted with disappointment that NBC did not order a first season. Convinced that the show had potential, and supported by the positive reviews, NBC executive Rick Ludwin managed to convince his superiors to order a four-episode first season (the smallest order in TV history), by offering a part of his personal budget in return. The show, renamed \"Seinfeld\", would go on to become the most successful sitcom in television history. The series opens with Jerry Seinfeld (Jerry Seinfeld) and George Costanza (Jason Alexander) seated", "title": "The Seinfeld Chronicles" }, { "id": "5373179", "score": "1.4839473", "text": "Jerry Seinfeld (character) Jerome \"Jerry\" Seinfeld (; ) is the main protagonist and title character of the American television sitcom \"Seinfeld\" (1989–1998). The straight man among his group of friends, this semi-fictionalized version of comedian Jerry Seinfeld was named after, co-created by, based on, and played by Seinfeld himself. The series revolves around Jerry's misadventures with his best friend George Costanza, neighbor Cosmo Kramer, and ex-girlfriend Elaine Benes. He is usually the voice of reason amidst his friends' antics and the focal point of the relationship. An eternal optimist, he rarely runs into major personal problems. Jerry is the only", "title": "Jerry Seinfeld (character)" }, { "id": "7882110", "score": "1.4828637", "text": "made after the script for \"Male Unbonding\" was completed. Jerry Seinfeld tried to have the title of the episode changed to \"The Male Unbonding\" some time later, but was unsuccessful. This is the first episode written which stars the character of Elaine. The first version of the script does not include Elaine, despite the fact that one of the conditions given when \"Seinfeld\" was given a series was that a female character was included. Originally, the character's name was Eileen. Louis-Dreyfus claims that she was unhappy with only being given one scene in the first episode in which she appeared,", "title": "Male Unbonding" }, { "id": "990265", "score": "1.4724207", "text": "Jerry Seinfeld Jerome Allen Seinfeld ( ; born April 29, 1954) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director. He is known for playing himself in the sitcom \"Seinfeld\", which he created and wrote with Larry David. As a stand-up comedian, Seinfeld specializes in observational comedy; in 2005, Comedy Central named Seinfeld the \"12th Greatest Stand-up Comedian of All Time.\" Seinfeld produced, co-wrote and starred in the 2007 film \"Bee Movie\". In 2010, he premiered a reality series called \"The Marriage Ref\", which aired for two seasons on NBC. He is the creator and host of the web", "title": "Jerry Seinfeld" }, { "id": "5373180", "score": "1.4707053", "text": "main character on the show to maintain the same career (a stand-up comedian, like the real Seinfeld) throughout the series. He is the most observational character, sarcastically commenting on his friends' quirky habits. Much of the show's action takes place in Jerry's apartment located at 129 West 81st Street, apartment 5A. He and his friends also frequently have coffee or meals together at Monk's Café. Jerry appeared in all 180 episodes of \"Seinfeld\" (including several two-part episodes) and is the only character in the show to appear in every episode. In the show's setting, Jerry is the straight man, a", "title": "Jerry Seinfeld (character)" }, { "id": "9111226", "score": "1.468554", "text": "The season was directed by Art Wolff and Tom Cherones. The show features Jerry Seinfeld as himself, Jason Alexander as George Costanza, Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Elaine Benes, and Michael Richards as Kramer. In the pilot, Lee Garlington appears as Claire, the waitress at Pete's Luncheonette, but after the pilot the \"gang\" started eating at Monk's Cafe. Garlington was set to appear as one of the main supporting characters. Her role was dropped when it was decided that there was no need for a regular female waitress. Jerry refers to Kramer as Kessler; however, his name was changed to Kramer for", "title": "Seinfeld (season 1)" }, { "id": "388600", "score": "1.467767", "text": "to the fictional prison portrayed on the HBO series \"Oz\". The roughly four-minute sketch shows the opening credits for the HBO series with clips of Jerry mixed in doing various activities around the prison. The sketch continues and mixes in different story lines from both \"Oz\" and \"Seinfeld\" and has Jerry interacting with various characters from the show in his typical quick-witted, sarcastic way. Louis-Dreyfus, Alexander, and Richards have all tried to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Almost every show was canceled quickly, usually within the first season. This gave rise to the term \"Seinfeld curse\": the failure of", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "id": "7769888", "score": "1.467701", "text": "The Good Samaritan (Seinfeld) \"The Good Samaritan\" is the 37th episode of the sitcom \"Seinfeld\". It is the 20th episode of the third season, and first aired on March 4, 1992. This is the only episode of \"Seinfeld\" to be directed by one of the show's stars, Jason Alexander, who played George Costanza. Jerry witnesses a hit-and-run driver hitting another car. He is on the car phone with Elaine, who tells him he has to go after the driver. He does, but when the driver steps out he sees that she is a beautiful woman named Angela (played by Melinda", "title": "The Good Samaritan (Seinfeld)" } ]

[ "Nuclear (disambiguation)", "Nucelar", "Nuculear", "nuclear", "Nuclear (song)", "nucelar", "nukular", "nuclear song", "Nukular", "Nuclear", "nuclear disambiguation", "nuculear" ]

[ { "id": "1989015", "score": "1.6672809", "text": "in 2008, Arianna Huffington’s speech was “President Obama ... Sounds good, right?\" Other popular speeches include \"Can anyone fix my computer?\" (the Beastie Boys); \"Everything you think is true\" (Prince); \"Thank God Conan got promoted\" (Jimmy Fallon), \"Free, open... Keep one Web\" (Sir Tim Berners Lee), “Holy - Fucking - Shit, Buzz Aldrin\" (Jake Hurwitz), and \"Holocaust. Did it happen? Yes.\" (Sarah Silverman). In 2013, the creator of the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), Steve Wilhite, accepted his Webby and delivered his now famous five-word speech, \"It’s pronounced 'Jif' not 'Gif'.\" The Webbys have been criticized for their pay-to-enter and pay-to-attend", "title": "Webby Award" }, { "id": "13123892", "score": "1.6268477", "text": "the FleetCenter locker rooms of the Boston Bruins and the Boston Celtics, reportedly having difficulty with the teleprompter while also learning various techniques in speaking to a live and TV audience. Once while Obama was backstage rehearsing his speech, he met Kerry staffer and speechwriter Jon Favreau (later to become Obama's speechwriter), who instructed him that to avoid overlap with Kerry, a sentence had to be changed. The sentence involved, later recalled as \"We're not red states and blue states; we're all Americans, standing up together for the red, white, and blue\" was to conclude his paragraph on red states", "title": "2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address" }, { "id": "11718464", "score": "1.5546498", "text": "as well. Former Arkansas governor and 2008 presidential candidate Mike Huckabee praised Obama's speech on the MSNBC program \"Morning Joe\", while also commenting on the Wright controversy. Huckabee argued that Obama \"handled this about as well as anybody could\" and suggested that it was \"a very historic speech.\" While he decried the remarks made by Wright, Huckabee, a former pastor himself, also noted that \"sermons ... are rarely written word-for-word\" and that pastors often get \"caught up in the emotion of the moment.\" Referencing his experience growing up in the segregated South and the legacy of Jim Crow, the former", "title": "A More Perfect Union (speech)" }, { "id": "11718476", "score": "1.5458548", "text": "even really try. He made no attempt to explain his relationship with Wright and why he hung around a man who habitually offered such hateful rhetoric. Obama instead offered a non-sequitur on race relations. Writing for progressive journal \"The Nation\", Tom Hayden, Bill Fletcher Jr., Danny Glover, and Barbara Ehrenreich said that In a moment of rare straight-faced sincerity, Jon Stewart of \"The Daily Show\" finished his otherwise-typical satirical coverage of the speech by calmly stating: \"And so, at 11 o'clock AM on a Tuesday, a prominent politician spoke to Americans about race as though they were adults.\" Conservative \"The", "title": "A More Perfect Union (speech)" }, { "id": "13123893", "score": "1.5429636", "text": "and blue states, but was instead used by Kerry as \"Maybe some just see us divided into those red states and blue states, but I see us as one America: red, white, and blue\"; it is unclear whether or not this already existed in Kerry's speech, but regardless, its removal left Obama incensed. Stepping on stage shortly before 9:45 pm EDT to the 1964 song \"Keep on Pushing\" by The Impressions, Obama would go on to speak for 17 minutes, interrupted 33 times by the audience's applause. The final speech would amount to 2,297 words. After thanking Illinois Senator Dick", "title": "2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bushism\n\nBushisms are unconventional statements, phrases, pronunciations, possible Freudian slips, malapropisms, as well as semantic or linguistic errors in the public speaking of former President of the United States George W. Bush. The term \"Bushism\" has become part of popular folklore and is the basis of a number of websites and published books. It is often used to caricature the former president. Common characteristics include malapropisms, the creation of neologisms, spoonerisms, stunt words and ungrammatical subject–verb agreement.", "title": "Bushism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\n\nDuring Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency and afterwards, there was extensive news coverage of Obama's religious preference, birthplace, and of the individuals questioning his religious belief and citizenshipefforts eventually known as the \"birther movement\", by which name it is widely referred to across media. The movement falsely asserted Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States because he was not a natural-born citizen of the United States as required by . Birther conspiracy theories were predominantly held by conservatives and Republicans, as well as racists.<ref name=\":2\" /><ref name=\":3\" />\n\nTheories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgerythat his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya. Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship. Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a dual citizen (British and American). A number of political commentators have characterized these various claims as a racist reaction to Obama's status as the first African-American president of the United States.<ref name=\"racism\">\n\nThese claims were promoted by fringe theorists (pejoratively referred to as \"birthers\"), including businessman and television personality Donald Trump, who would later succeed Obama as president. Some theorists sought court rulings to declare Obama ineligible to take office, or to grant access to various documents which they claimed would support such ineligibility; none of these efforts succeeded. Some political opponents, especially in the Republican Party, expressed skepticism about Obama's citizenship or were unwilling to acknowledge it; some proposed legislation that would require presidential candidates to provide proof of eligibility.<ref name=\"Crary-New burst\"/>\n\nTheories have persisted despite Obama's pre-election release of his official Hawaiian birth certificate in 2008, confirmation by the Hawaii Department of Health based on the original documents, Polls conducted in 2010 (before the April 2011 release) suggested that at least 25% of adult Americans said that they doubted Obama's U.S. birth, The fall was attributed to Obama's release of the long form in April 2011.", "title": "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "David Letterman\n\nDavid Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982 debut of \"Late Night with David Letterman\" on NBC and ending with the May 20, 2015 broadcast of \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on CBS. In total, Letterman hosted 6,080 episodes of \"Late Night\" and \"Late Show\", surpassing his friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late night talk show host in American television history. In 1996, Letterman was ranked 45th on \"TV Guide\"s 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. In 2002, \"The Late Show with David Letterman\" was ranked seventh on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.\n\nHe is also a television and film producer. His company, Worldwide Pants, produced his shows as well as \"The Late Late Show\" and several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was \"Everybody Loves Raymond\", now in syndication and streaming.\nSeveral late-night hosts have cited Letterman's influence, including Conan O'Brien (his successor on \"Late Night\"), Stephen Colbert (his successor on \"The Late Show\"), Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel, Jon Stewart, and Seth Meyers. Letterman currently hosts the Netflix series \"My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman\".", "title": "David Letterman" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stephen Colbert\n\nStephen Tyrone Colbert ( ; born May 13, 1964) is an American comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program \"The Colbert Report\" from 2005 to 2014 and the CBS talk program \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\" beginning in September 2015.\n\nColbert originally studied to be a dramatic actor, but became interested in improvisational theater while attending Northwestern University, where he met Second City director Del Close. Colbert first performed professionally as an understudy for Steve Carell at Second City Chicago, where his troupemates included Paul Dinello and Amy Sedaris, comedians with whom he developed the sketch comedy series \"Exit 57\". He wrote and performed on \"The Dana Carvey Show\" before collaborating with Sedaris and Dinello again on the television series \"Strangers with Candy\". He gained attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet.\n\nColbert's work as a correspondent on Comedy Central's news-parody series \"The Daily Show\" gained him wide recognition. In 2005, he left \"The Daily Show\" to host \"The Colbert Report\". Following \"The Daily Show\"s news-parody concept, \"The Colbert Report\" was a parody of personality-driven political opinion shows including \"The O'Reilly Factor\", in which he portrayed a caricatured version of conservative political pundits, earning Colbert an invitation to perform as featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in 2006, which he did in character. This event led to the series becoming one of Comedy Central's highest-rated series. After ending \"The Colbert Report\", he was hired in 2015 to succeed retiring David Letterman as host of the \"Late Show\" on CBS. He hosted the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards in September 2017.\n\nColbert has won nine Primetime Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and three Peabody Awards. Colbert was named one of \"Time\"s 100 Most Influential People in 2006 and 2012. Colbert's book \"I Am America (And So Can You!)\" was listed No.1 on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list in 2007.", "title": "Stephen Colbert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Malala Yousafzai" }, { "id": "9631942", "score": "1.5406322", "text": "out emails in early 2008 that included messages such as \"President Barack Hussein Obama ... the scariest four words in the English language!\" In April 2008 a church in the small town of Jonesville, South Carolina posted a message on its sign which said, \"Obama, Osama—humm, are they brothers.\" The next day Roger Byrd, the pastor, removed the sign after receiving \"so much negative comments from throughout the country.\" Those incidents attracted nation-wide media coverage, and were generally condemned by the other candidates' official campaigns and by the major political parties. In March 2008, a controversy broke out concerning Obama's", "title": "Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign" }, { "id": "11718460", "score": "1.538013", "text": "by reminding us of the awesome potential residing in our own responsibility.\" The day after the endorsement, Richardson elaborated on his rationale for supporting Obama, saying that the speech \"kind of clinched it for me.\" In a joint press conference, New York Governor David Paterson and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg both praised Obama's speech and remarked that it was an issue he needed to address. Former mayor of New York Ed Koch, a supporter of Hillary Clinton, was one of the few Democrats who were critical of the speech. He called it \"unconvincing\", chastised Obama for comparing insensitive", "title": "A More Perfect Union (speech)" }, { "id": "12588825", "score": "1.5339942", "text": "his inauguration ceremony. In the build-up to the inauguration they laughed and made jokes on air about the President-elect having to avoid snipers by doing the locomotion on stage. Describing how the transfer of power would take place in a matter of seconds, Hayes said: Nugent quickly replied but later proceeded to join in the joke as Hayes continued: Nugent commented: Hayes continued: The two presenters laughed at this and Nugent claimed: At that point they began to cheer and sing the locomotion, adding in the line \"keep moving Obama\". Finally Hayes referred to the removal of Obama's predecessor George", "title": "The Colm & Jim-Jim Breakfast Show" }, { "id": "12650213", "score": "1.530243", "text": "by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth\" Obama proclaimed, \"It's been a long time coming, but...change has come to America,\" an allusion to the Sam Cooke song \"A Change Is Gonna Come\". Obama also made a reference to a prospective presidential pet for his daughters. Sasha and Malia … I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us … to the White House. Obama spoke of the core issues facing the United States at the time, among them the economy, and the Iraq", "title": "Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech" }, { "id": "20518574", "score": "1.5291939", "text": "conducting a long-form conversation with a single guest and in-the-field segments, in which he would explore topics on his own. On January 5, 2018, it was announced that Letterman's guests in the first season would include Barack Obama, George Clooney, Malala Yousafzai, Jay-Z, Tina Fey, and Howard Stern. It was also announced that the series would premiere on January 12, 2018 with Letterman's interview with Obama. This interview was Obama's first since leaving office. On December 14, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season consisting of six episodes. The show's theme song and", "title": "My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman" }, { "id": "102866", "score": "1.5278603", "text": "Show\" by May 20, 2015. It was announced soon after that comedian and political satirist Stephen Colbert would succeed Letterman. Letterman's last episode aired on May 20, 2015, and opened with a presidential send off featuring four of the five living American presidents, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, each mimicking the late president Gerald Ford's statement that \"Our long national nightmare is over.\" It also featured cameos from \"The Simpsons\" and \"Wheel of Fortune\" (the latter with a puzzle saying \"Good riddance to David Letterman\"), a Top Ten List of \"things I wish", "title": "David Letterman" }, { "id": "16892955", "score": "1.5250013", "text": "his left hand on Bibles owned by American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr and President Abraham Lincoln, delivered his inaugural address. The inaugural address had a length of 2,137 words and President Obama took 18.5 minutes to deliver it between 11:53 a.m. and 12:12 p.m. In a speech \"heavy on broad rhetoric and light on policy specifics\" as noted by the \"Washington Post\" Obama's second inaugural speech was regarded as laying out a broad liberal or progressive agenda, supporting gay rights and climate change reform. Obama, who \"largely eschewed foreign policy except to recommend engagement over war, and", "title": "Second inauguration of Barack Obama" }, { "id": "15239727", "score": "1.5242627", "text": "reported that praise for the speech came from conservative pundits such as Charles Krauthammer and prominent Republicans including Newt Gingrich, Tim Pawlenty and Ed Rollins. The newspaper reported that Obama was making \"an effort to recast himself as a unifying figure, after two years of partisan fights\" and that \"it was clear he had taken another step in that direction\". Linda Feldmann of the \"Christian Science Monitor\" reported that Glenn Beck called the speech \"probably the best speech he has ever given.\" Pat Buchanan called it \"splendid.\" Michael Gerson, speechwriter for George W. Bush, said \"it had a good heart.\"", "title": "Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech" }, { "id": "12398031", "score": "1.5207385", "text": "that invests more in education. It's a choice between a politician who rewards companies that ship American jobs overseas, or a leader who brings jobs back home...this is the choice before us … Our choice is a man who has always chosen us. A man who already is our president, Barack Obama\", with the \"Global Post\" describing the audience as \"adoring and appreciative\" and the speech as \"powerful words, and the audience responded with gratitude.\" First Lady Michelle Obama gave the final speech of the evening, stating that \"Barack knows what it means when a family struggles...he knows what it", "title": "2012 Democratic National Convention" }, { "id": "12817982", "score": "1.5165582", "text": "recitation of the oath failed to reach Obama's staff before the swearing-in. As a result, Obama inadvertently interrupted Roberts during the first phrase, stating \"I, Barack\" while Roberts was finishing \"do solemnly swear\". Obama then correctly repeated the entire phrase \"I, Barack Hussein Obama, do solemnly swear.\" Roberts, who was not using notes, rendered the next phrase as \"that I will execute the office of president to the United States faithfully,\" misplacing the word \"faithfully\" and saying \"president to\" instead of \"president of\". Obama repeated, \"that I will execute\", then paused. Roberts attempted to correct the wording, but stumbled: \"the", "title": "First inauguration of Barack Obama" }, { "id": "16892959", "score": "1.5162854", "text": "surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well.\" These words made Obama the first president to use the word \"gay\" as a reference to sexual orientation in an inaugural address. Some analysts interpreted his statement as a reaffirmation of President Obama's previously stated support for same-sex marriage. Others noted that all nine justices of the Supreme Court were seated nearby when Obama linked gay and lesbian rights to two other groups whom the court treats with special consideration: women and racial minorities. President Obama also spoke firmly about climate change, immigration reform, and gun control,", "title": "Second inauguration of Barack Obama" }, { "id": "8362129", "score": "1.5158689", "text": "breakdown after watching Obama's inauguration video. He later qualified these statements in his book, stating, \"When I say I don't see race, I mean I don't see Black people. But I can spot a Mexican at a hundred paces.\" Despite all these claims, Colbert often boasts that he has a large number of token minority friends (including Jon Stewart as \"[his] Jewish friend\" and Oprah Winfrey as \"[his] black friend\"), although in the photos shown these friends appear decidedly uninterested in him. He has stated a similar inability to distinguish between the sexes, claiming to only \"see an American\". This", "title": "Stephen Colbert (character)" }, { "id": "6912377", "score": "1.5127199", "text": "with no intent to mislead. In September 2010, Fox News anchor Sean Hannity was criticized notably by Stewart and CNN anchor Howard Kurtz, for selectively editing a video of an Obama speech on his program. Before playing the clip, Hannity remarked that there was a \"rare moment of honesty\" in Obama's speech, playing a video of Obama saying: It quickly cuts back to Hannity, with Hannity saying, \"I know the anointed one will make sure that happens.\" But upon further inspection, what President Obama fully said was: After Jordanian Air Force pilot Muath al-Kasasbeh was burned to death by ISIL", "title": "Fox News controversies" }, { "id": "13349140", "score": "1.5127171", "text": "public relations campaigns or by farcical visits or elegant words.\" President Obama was also criticized by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who delivered a speech to mark the 20th anniversary of the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a few hours before Barack Obama's speech. Ayatollah Khamenei commented on the pending U.S. President's speech declaring: \"The nations of this part of the world ... deeply hate America. Even if they give sweet and beautiful [speeches] to the Muslim nation that will not create change. Action is needed.\" Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas described the speech as \"clear and frank... an innovative political step\".", "title": "A New Beginning" }, { "id": "13349141", "score": "1.5121267", "text": "Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhum also welcomed the speech, saying \"It had many contradictions, all the while reflecting tangible change.\" However, another Hamas spokesman, Ayman Taha, remarked after the speech that Obama is \"no different\" from George W. Bush. Amr Moussa, head of the Arab League, hailed the speech, saying it \"was balanced and offered a new vision of rapprochement regarding relations with Islamic states\". Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak said the speech was a \"direct, significant and brave appeal in which President Obama elucidated his vision and important universal principles, which he wishes to share with the Muslim world\". Israeli", "title": "A New Beginning" } ]

[ "Vitrious humor", "vitreous humour", "Vitreous Humour", "vitrious humor", "Vitreous fluid", "Vitreous humor", "Vitrious humour", "vitreous fluid", "vitrious humour", "Vitreous humour", "vitreous humor", "vitreous body", "Vitreous body" ]

[ { "id": "10592460", "score": "1.5245615", "text": "through the hole onto the macula, blurring and distorting central vision. The eye contains a jelly-like substance called the vitreous. Shrinking of the vitreous usually causes the hole. As a person ages, the vitreous becomes watery and begins to pull away from the retina. If the vitreous is firmly attached to the retina when it pulls away, a hole can result. Macular degeneration is a condition affecting the tissues lying under the retina, while a macular hole involves damage from within the eye, at the junction between the vitreous and the retina itself. There is no relationship between the two", "title": "Macular hole" }, { "id": "12199090", "score": "1.5176845", "text": "other vertebrates. The outer layer of the eye consists of the transparent cornea at the front, and two layers of sclera — a tough white collagen fibre layer which surrounds the rest of the eye and supports and protects the eye as a whole. The eye is divided internally by the lens into two main segments: the anterior segment and the posterior segment. The anterior chamber is filled with a watery fluid called the aqueous humour, and the posterior chamber contains the vitreous humour, a clear jelly-like substance. The lens is a transparent convex or 'lens' shaped body with a", "title": "Bird vision" }, { "id": "8636028", "score": "1.5053011", "text": "of the two media. If one medium has a particular curved shape, it functions as a lens. The cornea, humours, and crystalline lens of the eye together form a lens that focuses images on the retina. The human eye is adapted for viewing in air. Water, however, has approximately the same refractive index as the cornea (both about 1.33), effectively eliminating the cornea's focusing properties. When immersed in water, instead of focusing images on the retina, they are focused behind the retina, resulting in an extremely blurred image from hypermetropia. Water has a significantly different refractive index to air, and", "title": "Underwater vision" }, { "id": "1379496", "score": "1.4925075", "text": "pigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. The vitreous is the transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye. It is produced by certain retinal cells. It is of rather similar composition to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of Balazs of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), no blood vessels, and 98–99% of its volume is water (as opposed to", "title": "Eye" }, { "id": "3909237", "score": "1.4836882", "text": "in two areas: the anterior chamber between the cornea and the iris, and the posterior chamber between the iris and the lens. The lens is suspended to the ciliary body by the suspensory ligament (Zonule of Zinn), made up of hundreds of fine transparent fibers which transmit muscular forces to change the shape of the lens for accommodation (focusing). The vitreous body is a clear substance composed of water and proteins, which give it a jelly-like and sticky composition. The approximate field of view of an individual human eye (measured from the fixation point, i.e., the point at which one's", "title": "Human eye" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vitreous body\n\nThe vitreous body (\"vitreous\" meaning \"glass-like\"; , ) is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball (the vitreous chamber) in humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous humor (also spelled humour, from Latin meaning liquid) or simply \"the vitreous\". Vitreous fluid or \"liquid vitreous\" is the liquid component of the vitreous gel, found after a vitreous detachment. It is not to be confused with the aqueous humor, the other fluid in the eye that is found between the cornea and lens.", "title": "Vitreous body" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Human eye\n\nThe human eye is a sensory organ, part of the sensory nervous system, that reacts to visible light and allows humans to use visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm.\n\nThe eye can be considered as a living optical device. It is approximately spherical in shape, with its outer layers, such as the outermost, white part of the eye (the sclera) and one of its inner layers (the pigmented choroid) keeping the eye essentially light tight except on the eye's optic axis. In order, along the optic axis, the optical components consist of a first lens (the cornea—the clear part of the eye) that accomplishes most of the focussing of light from the outside world; then an aperture (the pupil) in a diaphragm (the iris—the coloured part of the eye) that controls the amount of light entering the interior of the eye; then another lens (the crystalline lens) that accomplishes the remaining focussing of light into images; then a light-sensitive part of the eye (the retina) where the images fall and are processed. The retina makes a connection to the brain via the optic nerve. The remaining components of the eye keep it in its required shape, nourish and maintain it, and protect it.\n\nThree types of cells in the retina convert light energy into electrical energy used by the nervous system: rods respond to low intensity light and contribute to perception of low-resolution, black-and-white images; cones respond to high intensity light and contribute to perception of high-resolution, coloured images; and the recently discovered photosensitive ganglion cells respond to a full range of light intensities and contribute to adjusting the amount of light reaching the retina, to regulating and suppressing the hormone melatonin, and to entraining circadian rhythm.", "title": "Human eye" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Lens (vertebrate anatomy)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Retina\n\nThe retina (from \"net\") is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception. The retina serves a function which is in many ways analogous to that of the film or image sensor in a camera.\n\nThe neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide monochromatic vision. Cones function in well-lit conditions and are responsible for the perception of colour through the use of a range of opsins, as well as high-acuity vision used for tasks such as reading. A third type of light-sensing cell, the photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for entrainment of circadian rhythms and reflexive responses such as the pupillary light reflex.\n\nLight striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses that are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve. Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Several important features of visual perception can be traced to the retinal encoding and processing of light.\n\nIn vertebrate embryonic development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the developing brain, specifically the embryonic diencephalon; thus, the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. It is the only part of the CNS that can be visualized noninvasively. Much like the rest of the brain is isolated from the vasular system via the blood–brain barrier, the retina is similarly protected by the blood–retinal barrier.", "title": "Retina" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Eye\n\nEyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). In higher organisms, the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity through a diaphragm, focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image, converts this image into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the brain through complex neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system. Image-resolving eyes are present in molluscs, chordates and arthropods.\n\nThe most simple eyes, pit eyes, are eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angle of light that enters and affects the eye-spot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light.<ref name=\"Land1992\" /> From more complex eyes, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send signals along the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to effect circadian adjustment and to the pretectal area to control the pupillary light reflex.", "title": "Eye" }, { "id": "9759264", "score": "1.4611323", "text": "water and contains no cells, so the light can effectively pass through without it being deflected. The fluid is often thought to be a sort of liquid lens that further focuses the light that has already passed through the lens on the way to towards the retina. Vitreous chamber The vitreous chamber is the space in the eye occupied by vitreous humor. Within the vertebrate eye, there are considered to be three chambers: anterior, posterior, and vitreous. It is important to note that the eye can also be classified as having two cavities: anterior and posterior. Both the anterior and", "title": "Vitreous chamber" }, { "id": "3909236", "score": "1.4497621", "text": "layer, known as the fibrous tunic, is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer, known as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, pigmented epithelium and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly). The spaces of the eye are filled with the aqueous humour anteriorly, between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous body, a jelly-like substance, behind the lens, filling the entire posterior cavity. The aqueous humour is a clear watery fluid that is contained", "title": "Human eye" }, { "id": "2161979", "score": "1.4300542", "text": "Vitreous body The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous humor or simply \"the vitreous\". The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space in the eye between the lens and the retina. It is surrounded by a layer of collagen called vitreous membrane separating it from the rest of the eye. it makes up four-fifths of the volume of the eyeball. The vitreous humour is fluid-like near the centre, and", "title": "Vitreous body" }, { "id": "9759263", "score": "1.4246931", "text": "is located behind the lens and in front of the optic nerve. This chamber is filled with a thick, clear gel-like substance called the vitreous humor (also vitreous body). The humor plays a crucial role in supporting the posterior side of the lens. The vitreous fluid, along with supporting the lens, also functions in maintaining the shape of the entire vitreous chamber and posterior cavity. It is imperative that the eye remains the proper shape to ensure that the light passing through the lens and the fluid can focus properly on the retina. The composition of the fluid is 99%", "title": "Vitreous chamber" }, { "id": "12451895", "score": "1.4123815", "text": "objects the lens needs to be made thicker and more rounded. Water in the eye can alter the optical properties of the eye and blur vision. It can also wash away the tear fluid—along with it the protective lipid layer—and can alter corneal physiology, due to osmotic differences between tear fluid and freshwater. Osmotic effects are made apparent when swimming in freshwater pools, because the osmotic gradient draws water from the pool into the corneal tissue (the pool water is hypotonic), causing edema, and subsequently leaving the swimmer with \"cloudy\" or \"misty\" vision for a short period thereafter. The edema", "title": "Mammalian eye" }, { "id": "1379502", "score": "1.4104211", "text": "for other animal eyes. The thin overgrowth of transparent cells over the eye's aperture, originally formed to prevent damage to the eyespot, allowed the segregated contents of the eye chamber to specialise into a transparent humour that optimised colour filtering, blocked harmful radiation, improved the eye's refractive index, and allowed functionality outside of water. The transparent protective cells eventually split into two layers, with circulatory fluid in between that allowed wider viewing angles and greater imaging resolution, and the thickness of the transparent layer gradually increased, in most species with the transparent crystallin protein. The gap between tissue layers naturally", "title": "Eye" }, { "id": "2161987", "score": "1.410181", "text": "or metabolized from the general circulation. Vitreous body The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. It is often referred to as the vitreous humor or simply \"the vitreous\". The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space in the eye between the lens and the retina. It is surrounded by a layer of collagen called vitreous membrane separating it from the rest of the eye. it makes up four-fifths of the volume of the eyeball. The vitreous humour", "title": "Vitreous body" }, { "id": "1518889", "score": "1.4062189", "text": "The vitreous humour, or vitreous body, is a jelly-like, transparent substance that fills the majority of the eye. It lies within the vitreous chamber behind the lens, and is one of the four optical components of the eye. Thus, floaters follow the rapid motions of the eye, while drifting slowly within the fluid. When they are first noticed, the natural reaction is to attempt to look directly at them. However, attempting to shift one's gaze toward them can be difficult as floaters follow the motion of the eye, remaining to the side of the direction of gaze. Floaters are, in", "title": "Floater" }, { "id": "11853641", "score": "1.3957928", "text": "of the eye. The word cataract literally means, \"curtain of water\" or \"waterfall\" as rapidly running water turns white, so the term may have been used metaphorically to describe the similar appearance between mature ocular opacities and water fall. The mechanism by which galactosemia causes cataract is not well understood, but the topic has been approached by researchers for decades, notably by the ophthalmologists, Jonas S. Friedenwald and Jin H. Kinoshita. Through this collective effort, a general mechanism for galactosemia's causation of presenile cataract has come into form. In galactosemic cataracts, osmotic swelling of the lens epithelial cells (LEC) occurs.", "title": "Galactosemic cataract" }, { "id": "1379483", "score": "1.3852432", "text": "lens material (see Luneburg lens), or with an aspheric shape. Flattening the lens has a disadvantage; the quality of vision is diminished away from the main line of focus. Thus, animals that have evolved with a wide field-of-view often have eyes that make use of an inhomogeneous lens. As mentioned above, a refractive cornea is only useful out of water. In water, there is little difference in refractive index between the vitreous fluid and the surrounding water. Hence creatures that have returned to the water – penguins and seals, for example – lose their highly curved cornea and return to", "title": "Eye" }, { "id": "2161982", "score": "1.3842947", "text": "wide array of proteins. Despite having little solid matter, the fluid is substantial enough to fill the eye and give it its spherical shape. The lens, on the other hand, is tightly packed with cells. The vitreous humour has a viscosity two to four times that of water, giving it a gelatinous consistency. It has a refractive index of 1.336. The vitreous fluid is not present at birth (the eye being filled with only the gel-like vitreous \"body\"), but found after age 4-5, and increases in size thereafter. Produced by cells in the non-pigmented portion of the ciliary body, the", "title": "Vitreous body" }, { "id": "2703012", "score": "1.3822103", "text": "amount of bending is determined by the refractive indices of the two media. If one medium has a particular curved shape, it functions as a lens. The cornea, humours, and crystalline lens of the eye together form a lens that focuses images on the retina. Our eyes are adapted for viewing in air. Water, however, has approximately the same refractive index as the cornea (both about 1.33), so immersion effectively eliminates the cornea's focusing properties. When our eyes are in water, instead of focusing images on the retina, they now focus them far behind the retina, resulting in an extremely", "title": "Diving mask" }, { "id": "1280883", "score": "1.3789712", "text": "oxygen needed is higher than normal, and contact lenses stop oxygen from entering the eye. Eyes with thin tear film will dry out while wearing contact lenses. Special eye drops are available for contact lens wearers. Certain types of contact lenses are designed to let more oxygen through to the eye. The lacrimal glands secrete lacrimal fluid, which flows through the main excretory ducts into the space between the eyeball and lids. When the eyes blink, the lacrimal fluid is spread across the surface of the eye. Lacrimal fluid gathers in the lacrimal lake, and is drawn into the puncta", "title": "Tears" }, { "id": "12451881", "score": "1.377487", "text": "structures behind it: the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. The radii of the anterior and posterior sections are 8 mm and 12 mm, respectively. The point of junction is called the limbus. On the other side of the lens is the second humour, the aqueous humour, which is bounded on all sides by the lens, the ciliary body, suspensory ligaments and by the retina. It lets light through without refraction, helps maintain the shape of the eye and suspends the delicate lens. In some animals, the retina contains a reflective layer (the tapetum lucidum) which increases the amount", "title": "Mammalian eye" }, { "id": "16096702", "score": "1.3770711", "text": "fibers of the ciliary body. To focus on distant objects, the controlling muscles cause the lens to be relatively flattened. Similarly, these muscles allow the lens to become thicker in order to focus on objects near the eye. The distance between the center of the lens and the retina (focal length) varies from approximately 17 mm to about 14 mm, as the refractive power of the lens increases from its minimum to its maximum. When the eye focuses on an object farther away than about 3 m, the lens exhibits its lowest refractive power. When the eye focuses on a", "title": "Image formation" } ]

[ "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.", "Warner Bros. Studios", "warner bro s", "warner bros entertainment inc", "warner brothers pictures inc", "warner brothers pictures", "Warmer Bros.", "wb studios", "warner bro", "wb shield", "Warner bros", "Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc.", "Warner Brothers Corporation", "Warner Bros. Pictures Inc.", "Warner Brothers International Television", "warner brothers international television", "warner bros studio", "warner bros studios", "warner brothers recordings", "warner brothers japan", "warner bros pictures distribution", "warner brothers studio", "warner bros", "Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc", "Warner Bros. Pictures", "Warnerbros", "Warner Bros. Studio", "Warner Brothers Studios", "Warner Brothers Studio", "warner brothers corporation", "warners", "warner bros entertainment company", "Warner Bros.", "warnerbros", "warner brothers entertainment", "Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.", "Warner Bro", "Warner Brothers Japan", "Warner Bros. Entertainment Company", "Warner Bros", "Warner Brothers Recordings", "Wild Guns (film)", "Warner Bros. Inc.", "Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution", "Warner Brothers Inc.", "WB Studios", "Warners", "warner brothers inc", "Warner Bros. Entertainment", "warner bros pictures inc", "Warnerbros.com", "warnerbros com", "WB Shield", "warner bros entertainment", "wild guns film", "warner bros pictures", "Warner Brothers Pictures", "warner brothers", "The Warner Brothers Studio", "warmer bros", "warner brothers studios", "Warner Bro's", "Warner Brothers Entertainment", "Warner Brothers", "warner bros inc" ]

[ { "id": "5444795", "score": "1.8744081", "text": "Inferno\" and wary of Edison's growing monopoly, decided to leave Laemmle and establish an independent film production company for himself and his three brothers, Warner Features; Albert and Harry opened an office in New York, while Sam was sent to operate the company's new Los Angeles film exchange division, and Jack was sent to run the company's new San Francisco film exchange division. In 1918, thanks in part to a loan from Ambassador James W. Gerald, the brothers expanded operations and established a studio near Hollywood, California Sam and Jack moved to the West Coast to produce films while Albert", "title": "Albert Warner" }, { "id": "4298798", "score": "1.771217", "text": "Harry Warner Harry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Mojżesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 – July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry. Along with his three brothers (Albert, Sam and Jack) Warner played a crucial role in the film business and played a key role in establishing Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc, serving as the company president until 1956. Warner was born Hirsz Mojżesz \"Wonsal\" or \"Wonskolaser\" to a family of Polish Jews from the village of Krasnosielc. The village was a short distance", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": "5444793", "score": "1.7650962", "text": "an office in the Bakewell building in downtown Pittsburgh with a loan from Max Fleischer. Harry then sent Sam to New York to purchase and ship films for their Pittsburgh exchange company, while he and Albert remained in Pittsburgh to run the business. In 1909, the brothers sold the Cascade Theater to open a second film exchange company in Norfolk, Virginia; through this second film exchange, younger brother Jack joined his three brothers' business. Afterwards, Sam and Jack went to Norfolk, while Harry and Albert stayed in Pittsburgh. However, one serious threat to the Warners film company was the advent", "title": "Albert Warner" }, { "id": "3081358", "score": "1.7402176", "text": "He was one of eleven children born to Benjamin, a shoe maker born in Krasnosielc, and Pearl Leah Wonsal/Wonskolaser (née Eichelbaum). He had ten siblings: sisters Cecilia (1877–1881), Anna (1878–1958), Rose (1890–1955), Fannie (1891–1984) and Sadie (1895–1959). His brothers were Hirsz Mojżesz (born in 1881 and later known as \"Harry\"), David (1893–1939), Abraham (1884–1967), later known as \"Al\" or \"Abe\"), Jacob (1892–1978), later known as \"Jack\") and Milton (1896–1915). The family immigrated to Baltimore, Maryland in October 1889 on the steamship \"Hermann\" from Bremen, Germany. Their father had preceded them, immigrating to Baltimore in 1888, and following his trade in", "title": "Sam Warner" }, { "id": "4298806", "score": "1.726223", "text": "their own film production company. They named their new company Warner Features. Once Warner Features was established, Harry acquired an office in New York with his brother Albert, sending Sam and Jack to run the new corporation's film exchange divisions in San Francisco and Los Angeles. In 1917, Harry won more capital for the studio when he was able to negotiate a deal with Ambassador James W. Gerard to make Gerard's book \"My Four Years In Germany\" into a film. In 1918, after the success of \"My Four Years In Germany\", the brothers were able to establish a studio near", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sam Warner\n\nSamuel Louis Warner (born Szmuel Wonsal, August 10, 1885 – October 5, 1927) was an American film producer who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of Warner Bros. He established the studio along with his brothers Harry, Albert, and Jack L. Warner. Sam Warner is credited with procuring the technology that enabled Warner Bros. to produce the film industry's first feature-length talking picture, \"The Jazz Singer\". He died in 1927, on the day before the film's enormously successful premiere.<ref name=\"vindy-10-05-27\">\n</ref>", "title": "Sam Warner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Harry Warner\n\nHarry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Mojżesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 – July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry. Along with his three younger brothers (Albert, Sam and Jack) Warner played a crucial role in the film business and played a key role in establishing Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc, serving as the company president until 1956.", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Albert Warner\n\nAbraham \"Albert\" Warner (born Aaron Wonsal, July 23, 1884 – November 26, 1967) was an American film executive who was one of the founders of Warner Bros. He established the production studio with his brothers Harry, Sam, and Jack L. Warner. He served as the studio's treasurer, until he sold his stock in 1956.", "title": "Albert Warner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Warner Bros.\n\nWarner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. or abbreviated as WB) is an American film and entertainment studio headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. Founded in 1923 by four brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack Warner, the company established itself as a leader in the American film industry before diversifying into animation, television, and video games and is one of the \"Big Five\" major American film studios, as well as a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).\n\nThe company is known for its film studio division the Warner Bros. Pictures Group, which includes Warner Bros. Pictures, New Line Cinema, the Warner Animation Group, Castle Rock Entertainment, and DC Studios. Among its other assets, stands the television production company Warner Bros. Television Studios. Bugs Bunny, a cartoon character created by Tex Avery, Ben Hardaway, Chuck Jones, Bob Givens and Robert McKimson as part of the \"Looney Tunes\" series, is the company's official mascot.", "title": "Warner Bros." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Judaism/Judaism recent changes" }, { "id": "4298804", "score": "1.7078583", "text": "Supply Company, and rented an office in the Bakewell building in downtown Pittsburgh. Harry sent Sam to New York to purchase, and ship, films for their Pittsburgh exchange company, while he and Albert remained in Pittsburgh to run the business. In 1909, the brothers sold the Cascade Theater and established a second film exchange company in Norfolk, Virginia. Harry agreed to let younger brother Jack be a part of the company, sending him to Norfolk to serve as Sam's assistant. A serious problem threatened the Warners' film company with the advent of Thomas Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company (also known", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": "4298860", "score": "1.7066998", "text": "of Pennsylvania dedicated a film institute to him. The university also hosts an annual Harry Warner film festival. Harry Warner Harry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Mojżesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 – July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry. Along with his three brothers (Albert, Sam and Jack) Warner played a crucial role in the film business and played a key role in establishing Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc, serving as the company president until 1956. Warner was born Hirsz Mojżesz \"Wonsal\" or", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": "4298807", "score": "1.687495", "text": "Hollywood, California. In the new Hollywood studio, Sam became co-head of production along with his younger brother, Jack. They were convinced that they would have to make movies themselves if they were to ever generate a profit. Between the years 1919 and 1920, the studio did not turn a profit. During this time, banker Motley Flint, who was, unlike most bankers at the time, not anti-semitic, helped the brothers pay off their debts. The four brothers then decided to relocate their studio from Culver City, California to the Sunset Boulevard section of Hollywood. During this time, Warner decided to focus", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": "3081366", "score": "1.6785486", "text": "Warner, who now had an office in New York with brother Albert, sent Sam and Jack to establish film exchanges in Los Angeles and San Francisco; Sam would run the company's Los Angeles division while Jack ran the company's San Francisco division. The brothers were soon poised to exploit the expanding California movie market. Their first opportunity to produce a major film came in 1918, when they purchased the film rights for \"My Four Years in Germany,\" a bestselling novel that condemned German wartime atrocities. In the wake of the successful profits \"My Four Years in Germany\" gave the Warner's,", "title": "Sam Warner" }, { "id": "3081357", "score": "1.6782296", "text": "Sam Warner Samuel Louis \"Sam\" Warner (born Szmuel Wonsal, August 10, 1887 – October 5, 1927) was an American film producer who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of Warner Bros. He established the studio along with his brothers Harry, Albert, and Jack L. Warner. Sam Warner is credited with procuring the technology that enabled Warner Bros. to produce the film industry's first feature-length talking picture, \"The Jazz Singer\". He died in 1927, the day before the film's enormously successful premiere. Samuel \"Wonsal\" or \"Wonskolaser\", was born in Congress Poland under Russian Empire, possibly in the village of Krasnosielc,", "title": "Sam Warner" }, { "id": "11505922", "score": "1.6604414", "text": "and his three brothers, Jules, Sam, and Ben rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. A fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger", "title": "Jack White (film producer)" }, { "id": "459134", "score": "1.6563475", "text": "from Krasnosielc, Poland. Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the movie theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania and Ohio. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present \"Life of an American Fireman\" and \"The Great Train Robbery\". They opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, and arranged to save it. The owners noted", "title": "Warner Bros." }, { "id": "4098717", "score": "1.6456592", "text": "Sol M. Wurtzel Sol Wurtzel (born Solomon Max Wurtzel, September 12, 1890 – April 9, 1958) was an American film producer. Born in New York City; his parents were both German Jews (Surname \"Wurtzel\" is a variant spelling of German and Yiddish \"wurzel\", \"root\" in English). Wurtzel worked as an executive assistant to William Fox, founding owner of the Fox Film Corporation. In 1911, Wurtzel hired Alan E. Freedman as a bookkeeper for Fox's fledgling film processing laboratory. Freedman would remain for over 50 years, eventually turning the operation into the gargantuan \"Color by DeLuxe\" DeLuxe Laboratories. In 1917, Fox", "title": "Sol M. Wurtzel" }, { "id": "3819587", "score": "1.6364918", "text": "Sam Jaffe (producer) Sam Jaffe (May 21, 1901 – January 10, 2000) was, at different points in his career in the motion picture industry, an agent, a producer and a studio executive. Jaffe was born in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, to Russian-Jewish immigrants, the son of Hannah and Max Jaffe. He had three older siblings: brothers, Joseph and David, and sister Adeline. He was raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. After dropping out of DeWitt Clinton High School, he took a job as an office boy for the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation where his brother-in-law, B.P.", "title": "Sam Jaffe (producer)" }, { "id": "9043735", "score": "1.632191", "text": "Max Gordon (producer) Max Gordon (June 28, 1892 - November 2, 1978) was an American theatre and film producer. His credits included \"My Sister Eileen\", which he produced both on stage and on film. Born Mechel Salpeter, Gordon was the youngest son of immigrants from Poland. His older brother, Cliff, used the stage name of \"Gordon,\" and Max then used it also. Cliff, an entertainer in vaudeville, died at age 32 (in 1913). Then in his early 20s, Gordon within months formed a vaudeville agency with Albert Lewis, his late brother's former vaudeville and burlesque partner. They specialized in providing", "title": "Max Gordon (producer)" }, { "id": "5444787", "score": "1.628983", "text": "Albert Warner Abraham \"Albert\" Warner (July 23, 1884 – November 26, 1967) was an American film executive who was one of the founders of Warner Bros. He established the production studio with his brothers Harry, Sam, and Jack L. Warner. He served as the studio's treasurer, until he sold his stock in 1956. Abraham \"Wonsal\" or \"Wonskolaser\", later Abraham Warner, was born in Congress Poland, and in the village \"Krasnosielc\", He was the son of Benjamin \"Wonsal\" or \"Wonskolaser,\" a shoe maker born in Krasnosielc, and Pearl Leah Eichelbaum. He came to Baltimore, Maryland with his mother and siblings in", "title": "Albert Warner" }, { "id": "19134823", "score": "1.6272914", "text": "Frank Capra. They were later joined by William Wyler and George Stevens. The studio only produced two films, but both are now considered classics: \"It's a Wonderful Life\" and \"State of the Union\". All three of his brothers were also film producers, as well as one of his sons, and his sister was married to the eventual Chairman of Columbia, where Briskin spent the last decade of his life as a vice-president and head of production until his death in 1968 from a heart attack. Briskin was born on February 8, 1896, in either Riga, Russia, or New York City.", "title": "Samuel J. Briskin" }, { "id": "893215", "score": "1.618145", "text": "the film's success at the box office, Harry Warner remained concerned about the economic threat presented by the Edison Trust. He subsequently broke with Laemmle and sent Jack to establish a film exchange in San Francisco, while Sam did the same in Los Angeles. The brothers were soon poised to exploit the expanding California movie market. In 1917, Jack was sent to Los Angeles to open another film exchange company. Their first opportunity to produce a major film came in 1918, when they purchased the film rights for \"My Four Years in Germany\", a bestselling novel that condemned German wartime", "title": "Jack L. Warner" }, { "id": "4298799", "score": "1.6136029", "text": "from Warsaw in the part of Poland that had been subjugated to the Russian Empire following the 18th-century partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was the son of Benjamin Wonsal, a shoemaker born in Krasnosielc, and Pearl Leah Eichelbaum. His given name was Mojżesz (Moses), however, he was called Hirsz (Anglicized to Hirsch) in the United States. In October 1889, he came to Baltimore, Maryland with his mother and siblings on the steamship \"Hermann\" from Bremen, Germany. Their father had preceded them, immigrating to Baltimore in 1888 in order to pursue his trade in shoes and shoe repair. It was", "title": "Harry Warner" }, { "id": "3081365", "score": "1.6134901", "text": "In 1910, the Warner brothers pooled their resources and moved into film production. After they sold their business, the brothers lent their support to filmmaker Carl Laemmle's Independent Motion Picture Company, which challenged the monopolistic control of the Edison Trust; the brothers served as distributors for Laemmle's films in Pittsburgh. In 1912, Sam would help the brothers earn a $1,500 profit with his film Dante's Inferno. In the wake of this success, Harry Warner, seeing Edison's monopoly threat grow, decided to break with Laemmle and had the brothers start their own film production company, Warner Features. After this occurred Harry", "title": "Sam Warner" } ]

[ "amefoot", "football american version", "American-style football", "American Handegg", "Football (America)", "American rules football", "Tackleball", "yards passing", "Yankeeball", "american football field", "us football", "Football (American)", "football american", "Yards passing", "ncaa battlefield", "The Game of Football", "Football (American version)", "hand egg", "Yankball", "Football (US)", "Passing (American Football)", "American-football", "American football field", "u s football", "US football", "Amefoot", "american foot ball", "american football", "American-Style Football", "American foot-ball", "American football", "U.s. football", "American Football", "American Style Football", "American style football", "American-Style football", "ameriball", "football us", "Ameriball", "yankball", "American football/to do", "american handegg", "americanfootball", "football america", "Yard lines", "american style football", "passing american football", "Hand Egg", "American handegg", "American gridiron football", "The NCAA Battlefield", "american football to do", "AmericanFootball", "tackleball", "American foot ball", "yankeeball", "defense american football", "Defense (American football)", "american gridiron football", "american rules football", "🏈", "game of football", "yard lines" ]

[ { "id": "9530513", "score": "1.471401", "text": "of the greatest football games of the 20th century. Another dramatic touchdown in the same game is the subject of the Arnold Friberg oil painting, \"O.J. Simpson Breaks for Daylight.\" Simpson also won the Walter Camp Award in 1967 and was a two-time consensus All-American. Simpson was an aspiring track athlete; in 1967 he lost a 100 m race at Stanford against the then-British record holder Menzies Campbell. Prior to playing football at Southern Cal, he ran in the USC sprint relay quartet that broke the world record in the 4 x 110-yard relay at the NCAA track championships in", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530505", "score": "1.4439926", "text": "O. J. Simpson Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed The Juice, is an American former running back, broadcaster, actor, advertising spokesman, and convicted robber. Simpson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he played football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. He played professionally as a running back in the NFL for 11 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers from 1978 to 1979. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530506", "score": "1.4163072", "text": "season. He holds the record for the single season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1. He is the only player to ever rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format. Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. After retiring from football, he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting. In 1994, Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. He was acquitted by a jury after a lengthy and internationally", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "19559846", "score": "1.3887777", "text": "sports culture remain unexamined.\" O.J.: Made in America O.J.: Made in America is a 2016 American documentary, produced and directed by Ezra Edelman for ESPN Films and their \"30 for 30\" series. It was released as a five-part miniseries and in theatrical format. The documentary explores race and celebrity through the life of O. J. Simpson, from his emerging football career at the University of Southern California, and his celebrity and popularity within American culture, to his trial for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Lyle Goldman, and subsequent acquittal, and how he was convicted and imprisoned for", "title": "O.J.: Made in America" }, { "id": "19559832", "score": "1.3857371", "text": "and video, \"O.J.: Made in America\" traces the life and career of O. J. Simpson, starting with his arrival at the University of Southern California as an emerging football superstar and ending with his incarceration in 2007 for robbery. Throughout the documentary, Simpson's life – the football success, television career, relationship with Nicole Brown, the domestic abuse, Nicole and Ron Goldman's murder, the trial – runs parallel to the larger narrative of the city of Los Angeles, which serves as host to mounting racial tensions, and a volatile relationship between the city's police department and the African American community. Footage", "title": "O.J.: Made in America" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "O. J. Simpson\n\nOrenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed \"Juice\", is an American former football running back, actor, and broadcaster who played for the Buffalo Bills and San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. Once a popular figure with the U.S. public, he is now best known for being tried for the murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. Simpson was acquitted of the murders in criminal court but was later found responsible for both deaths in a civil trial.\n\nSimpson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he played football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers from 1978 to 1979. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season. He holds the record for the single-season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1. He was the only player to rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format. Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. After retiring from football, he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting.\n\nIn 1994, Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. He was acquitted by a jury after a lengthy and internationally publicized trial. The families of the victims subsequently filed a civil suit against him. A civil court awarded a $33.5 million judgment against him in 1997 for the victims' wrongful deaths. In 2000, Simpson moved to Miami, Florida to avoid paying on the liability judgment, which, as of 2022, remains mostly unpaid.\n\nIn 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with armed robbery and kidnapping. In 2008, he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years' imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole. He served his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center near Lovelock, Nevada. Simpson was granted parole on July 20, 2017, which was the minimum sentence. He was eligible for release from prison on October 1, 2017, and was released on that date. On December 14, 2021, Simpson was granted early release from his parole by the Nevada Division of Parole and Probation.", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "O. J. Simpson robbery case\n\nState of Nevada v. Orenthal James Simpson, et al. was a criminal case prosecuted in 2007–2008 in the U.S. state of Nevada, primarily involving the retired American football player Simpson.\n\nOn the night of September 13, 2007, a group of men led by Simpson entered a room in the Palace Station hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Bruce Fromong, a sports memorabilia dealer, testified that the group broke into his hotel room and stole memorabilia at gunpoint. Three days later, on September 16, 2007, Simpson was arrested and initially held without bail. He admitted taking the items, which he said had been stolen from him, but denied breaking into the room. Simpson also denied the allegation that he or the people with him carried weapons. Bail was later set at $125,000.\n\nOn October 3, 2008—exactly 13 years after he was acquitted of the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman—Simpson was found guilty of all 12 charges. Right after the verdict was read, Simpson, who had been free on bail prior to this point, was handcuffed and remanded to the Clark County detention center without bail, pending sentencing. On December 5, 2008, Simpson was sentenced to 33 years in prison with eligibility for parole in nine years (in October 2017). On July 20, 2017, Simpson was granted parole, and was freed three months later.", "title": "O. J. Simpson robbery case" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Murder trial of O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Al Cowlings\n\nAllen Cedric \"A.C.\" Cowlings (born June 16, 1947) is a former American football player and actor. He began playing for the National Football League (NFL) in 1970, for such teams as the Buffalo Bills, Houston Oilers, Los Angeles Rams, Seattle Seahawks, and the San Francisco 49ers, until retiring after the 1979 season. Cowlings was taken fifth overall in the first round by the Buffalo Bills in the 1970 NFL Draft. \n\nCowlings is most famous for his role in aiding his close friend O. J. Simpson in fleeing the police on June 17, 1994, after Simpson's ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman were found murdered at Nicole's home. After leading police on a low-speed chase, Cowlings drove Simpson back to his home, where he was arrested. Cowlings was also arrested for aiding Simpson, but charges were dropped for lack of evidence.", "title": "Al Cowlings" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Robert Kardashian\n\nRobert George Kardashian (February 22, 1944 – September 30, 2003) was an American attorney and businessman. He gained recognition as O. J. Simpson's friend and defense attorney during Simpson's 1995 murder trial. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob, who appear on their family reality television series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", and its spinoffs.", "title": "Robert Kardashian" }, { "id": "9530510", "score": "1.3767289", "text": "his third arrest, a meeting with Willie Mays during which the baseball star encouraged Simpson to avoid trouble helped persuade him to reform. At Galileo High School (currently Galileo Academy of Science and Technology) in San Francisco, Simpson played for the school football team, the Galileo Lions. Although Simpson was an All-City football player at Galileo, his mediocre high-school grades prevented him from attracting the interest of many college recruiters. After a childhood friend's injury in the Vietnam War influenced Simpson to stay out of the military, he enrolled at City College of San Francisco in 1965. He played football", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530529", "score": "1.3738877", "text": "an old white man whose dying wish is to call a game of bingo. \"Juiced\" aired as a one-time special on pay-per-view television and was later released on DVD. In 1975, \"People\" magazine described Simpson as \"the first black athlete to become a bona fide lovable media superstar.\" Chuck Barnes helped him form business relationships with Chevrolet and ABC early in his career. By 1971, \"New York\" wrote that Simpson was already wealthy enough to, \"retire this week if [he] wanted to.\" His amiable persona and natural charisma landed Simpson numerous endorsement deals. From 1975, he appeared in advertisements with", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "10910073", "score": "1.3716836", "text": "O. J. Simpson robbery case The Simpson robbery case (officially State of Nevada v. Orenthal James Simpson, et al.) was a criminal case prosecuted in 2007–2008 in the U.S. state of Nevada, primarily involving the retired American football player Simpson. On the night of September 13, 2007, a group of men led by Simpson entered a room in the Palace Station hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Bruce Fromong, a sports memorabilia dealer, testified that the group of men broke into his hotel room and stole various sports memorabilia at gunpoint. Three days later, on September 16, 2007, Simpson was arrested", "title": "O. J. Simpson robbery case" }, { "id": "9530551", "score": "1.3637093", "text": "book \"If I Did It\" based on interviews with Simpson. The book was published by Beaufort Books, a New York City publishing house owned by parent company Kampmann & Company/Midpoint Trade Books. All rights and proceeds from the book were awarded to the family of murder victim Ron Goldman. O. J. Simpson Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed The Juice, is an American former running back, broadcaster, actor, advertising spokesman, and convicted robber. Simpson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he played football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. He played", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530520", "score": "1.3545859", "text": "hometown San Francisco 49ers for a series of draft picks. Simpson played in San Francisco for two seasons, rushing for 1,053 yards and four touchdowns. His final NFL game was on December 16, 1979, a 31–21 loss to the Atlanta Falcons at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. His final play was a 10-yard run on 3rd and 10 for a first down. Simpson gained 11,236 rushing yards, placing him 2nd on the NFL's all-time rushing list when he retired; he now stands at 21st. He was named NFL Player of the Year in 1973, and played in six Pro Bowls. He was", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "19559834", "score": "1.35234", "text": "of a documentary based on Simpson for ESPN Films began in 2007, eventually leading to the hiring of Brett Morgen to create the film, \"June 17th, 1994\", also part of the \"30 for 30\" series. Released in June 2010, \"June 17th, 1994\" used solely archive footage from several sporting events that occurred on June 17, 1994, to chronicle the events of the police chase of O. J. Simpson. ESPN Films executive producer Connor Schell said, \"If you are going to do O. J. Simpson, you are going to cover June 1994 to Oct. 1995 – it is unavoidable. But if", "title": "O.J.: Made in America" }, { "id": "14223774", "score": "1.3516767", "text": "it seriously.\" Some curlers, including the Clarks and Patzke, felt that the exposure the sport received was beneficial. Cristin Clark said \"Although Homer Simpson probably isn't the ideal athlete I would want to see representing our sport, I just think it's great exposure.\" Canadian curler Randy Ferbey, a four-time world champion, said \"I'm sure they're going to somehow make a mockery of it like they do every other thing, but I think you need to take it with a grain of salt. It brings attention to our sport and I think it's wonderful. The more curling on TV, whether it's", "title": "Boy Meets Curl" }, { "id": "6477244", "score": "1.3425136", "text": "Heroes in Lower Manhattan honoring the new Stanley Cup champions. Players and representatives of both the Knicks and the Rockets were among the 1.5 million who attended. Both teams came away motivated, as evidenced by the remaining series. During Game 5, most NBC affiliates split the coverage of the game between NFL Hall of Famer O. J. Simpson's slow speed freeway chase with the LAPD. At the time, Simpson had been an NFL analyst on NBC. The coverage was presented on a split screen, with the game taking up the smaller portion of the television screen on the left, while", "title": "1994 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "9530511", "score": "1.3390179", "text": "both ways as a running back and defensive back and was named to the Junior College All-American team as a running back. City College won the Prune Bowl against Long Beach State, and many colleges sought Simpson as a transfer student for football. Simpson chose to attend the University of Southern California (USC), which he had admired as a young football fan, over the University of Utah and played running back for head coach John McKay in 1967 and 1968. Simpson led the nation in rushing both years under McKay: in 1967 with 1,543 yards and 13 touchdowns, and in", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "1434338", "score": "1.3354526", "text": "he was scheduled to perform a concert on pay-per-view from Atlantic City. The concert was expected to help reignite his singing career in the United States. However, on the night of the concert, O. J. Simpson was involved in a police chase in southern California. Viewership of the concert was significantly lower than expected due to the live coverage of the chase, and the event was ultimately a $1.5 million loss. In May 2006, Hasselhoff returned to the spotlight after he was mentioned in an interview of Dirk Nowitzki, an NBA star playing for the Dallas Mavericks and a native", "title": "David Hasselhoff" }, { "id": "9530515", "score": "1.3261523", "text": "They took Simpson, but he demanded what was then the largest contract in professional sports history: $650,000 over five years. This led to a standoff with Bills' owner Ralph Wilson, as Simpson threatened to become an actor and skip professional football. Eventually, Wilson agreed to pay Simpson. Simpson entered professional football with high expectations, but struggled in his first three years, averaging only 622 yards per season. Bills coach John Rauch, not wanting to build an offense around one running back, assigned Simpson to do blocking and receiving duties at the expense of running the ball. In 1971, Rauch resigned", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530512", "score": "1.3242263", "text": "1968 with 1,880 yards on 383 carries. As a junior in 1967, Simpson was a close runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting to quarterback Gary Beban of UCLA. In that year's Victory Bell rivalry game between the teams, USC was down by six points in the fourth quarter with under eleven minutes remaining. On their own 36, USC backup quarterback Toby Page called an audible on third and seven. Simpson's 64-yard touchdown run tied the score, and the extra point provided a 21–20 lead, which was the final score. This was the biggest play in what is regarded as one", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "9530522", "score": "1.3231413", "text": "the Pittsburgh Steelers. Simpson was held to 49 rushing yards, 3 receptions for 37 yards, and one touchdown, and the Bills lost 14-32 to the team which went on to win Super Bowl IX. Simpson acquired the nickname \"Juice\" as a play on \"O.J.\", a common abbreviation for \"orange juice\". \"Juice\" is also a colloquial synonym for electricity or electrical power, and hence a metaphor for any powerful entity; the Bills' offensive line at Simpson's peak was nicknamed \"The Electric Company\". Even before his retirement from the NFL, Simpson embarked on a film career with parts in films such as", "title": "O. J. Simpson" }, { "id": "18146780", "score": "1.3205442", "text": "that occurred during the chase of Simpson are as follows. June 17th, 1994 June 17th, 1994 is a documentary film by Brett Morgen released as part of ESPN's \"30 for 30\" series. The documentary details the events of June 17, 1994, in which several noteworthy sporting events occurred during the police chase of O. J. Simpson. Morgen says the diversity of the events provides an opportunity \"to look at the soul of America\". The documentary features no narration and also no interviews and consists simply of music set to clips from news sources during the day. There are rare clips", "title": "June 17th, 1994" }, { "id": "9530524", "score": "1.3195105", "text": "for \"Monday Night Football\" and \"The NFL on NBC.\" He also appeared in the audience of \"Saturday Night Live\" during its second season and hosted an episode during its third season. Simpson starred in the un-televised two-hour-long film pilot for \"Frogmen,\" an \"A-Team\"-like adventure series that Warner Bros. Television completed in 1994, a few months before the murders. NBC had not yet decided whether to order the series when Simpson's arrest cancelled the project. While searching his home, the police obtained a videotaped copy of the pilot as well as the script and dailies. Although the prosecution investigated reports that", "title": "O. J. Simpson" } ]

[ "Okham's razor", "Lex parsimoniæ", "Occum's razor", "occoms razor", "arcum s razor", "Parsimonious explanation", "Occams Razor", "law of economy", "Occums razor", "Okham's Razor", "Ontological simplicity", "Principle of parsimony", "principle of simplicity", "Ockam's Razor", "morgan s law", "okkam s razor", "diagnostic parsimony", "occam s razzor", "Parsimoniously", "Parsimoniousness", "Occams razzor", "okham s razor", "lex parsimoniæ", "achems razor", "Arcum's razor", "Lex parsimoniae", "ackham s razor", "Ockham's razor", "occaam s razor", "Principle of Parsimony", "Occoms razor", "occam razor", "Achems razor", "Occam's razzor", "parsimony", "principle of economy", "parsimoniousness", "Aristotle's razor", "Methodological reductionism", "Okhams razor", "parsimonious", "thargola s sword", "Ockam's razor", "Occams razor", "ockham s razor", "methodological reductionism", "Occum's Razor", "ockman s razor", "Diagnostic parsimony", "Parsimonious", "ocham s razor", "Law Of Economy", "Ocham's razor", "ockhams razor", "Occom's razor", "Occam razor", "occams s razor", "Law of Parsimony", "occam s rasor", "Morgan's law", "law of parsimony", "Law of succinctness", "Law of parsimony", "occums razor", "occams razor", "Occam's razor", "Occams's Razor", "Law Of Parsimony", "occams razzor", "Okkam's razor", "principle of parsimony", "Ackham's Razor", "Ockham’s razor", "Occaam's razor", "Ockhams razor", "ontological parsimony", "Ockham razor", "occum s razor", "Complexity (fallacy)", "Ockhams Razor", "occom s razor", "okhams razor", "Ontological parsimony", "occam s razor", "lex parsimoniae", "ockham razor", "parsimonious explanation", "aristotle s razor", "Parsimony", "Occham's Razor", "complexity fallacy", "Occam's Razor", "Thargola's sword", "Principle of Economy", "Okkum's razor", "occham s razor", "Ockham's razor.", "ontological simplicity", "parsimoniously", "law of succinctness", "Principle of Simplicity", "okkum s razor", "Ockham’s Razor", "ockam s razor", "Ocam's razor", "ocam s razor", "Ockman's razor", "Occam's Rasor", "Occam’s Razor", "Occam's razor.", "Ockham's Razor", "Law of economy" ]

[ { "id": "8475553", "score": "1.595179", "text": "axioms that he calls \"empirically grounded\" and an apriori assumption that \"something exists.\" The axioms are that: P1. The principle of sufficient reason: All phenomena are either self-caused (i.e. A->A) or other-caused (B->A; B is not equal to A) but not both. Put another way, this principle says that the question \"why?\" is always meaningful. Everything happens for a reason. P2. The potency principle: If A -> B then for all C element of B, A -> C. In other words if A is the cause of B then A is the cause of every part of B. There are", "title": "William S. Hatcher" }, { "id": "237366", "score": "1.568334", "text": "data that is available results from applying a stopping rule to the observations earlier in the experiment. Suppose Then the observation that \"X\" = 3 induces the likelihood function while the observation that \"Y\" = 12 induces the likelihood function The likelihood principle says that, as the data are the same in both cases, the inferences drawn about the value of θ should also be the same. In addition, all the inferential content in the data about the value of θ is contained in the two likelihoods, and is the same if they are proportional to one another. This is", "title": "Likelihood principle" }, { "id": "472914", "score": "1.5667355", "text": "Logicae\", i. 12, William of Ockham cites the principle of economy, (\"It is futile to do with more things that which can be done with fewer\"; Thorburn, 1918, pp. 352–53; Kneale and Kneale, 1962, p. 243.) To quote Isaac Newton, \"We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. Therefore, to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.\" Bertrand Russell offers a particular version of Occam's razor: \"Whenever possible, substitute constructions out of known entities for inferences to unknown entities.\"", "title": "Occam's razor" }, { "id": "8081804", "score": "1.5665419", "text": "Thus if the cause is given, the effect must of necessity follow. The second aspect deals with concepts or abstract representations, which are themselves drawn from representations of intuitive perception, and here the principle of sufficient reason states that, if certain premises are given, the conclusion must follow. The third aspect of the principle is concerned with being in space and time, and shows that the existence of one relation inevitably implies the other, thus that the equality of the angles of a triangle necessarily implies the equality of its sides and \"vice versa\". Finally, the fourth aspect deals with", "title": "On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason" }, { "id": "4062288", "score": "1.5547493", "text": "in the event of a particular observation, \"y\", a classical approach is to choose \"H1\" when \"p(H1|y) > p(H2|y)\" and \"H2\" in the reverse case. In the event that the two \"a posteriori\" probabilities are equal, one might choose to default to a single choice (either always choose \"H1\" or always choose \"H2\"), or might randomly select either \"H1\" or \"H2\". The \"a priori\" probabilities of \"H1\" and \"H2\" can guide this choice, e.g. by always choosing the hypothesis with the higher \"a priori\" probability. When taking this approach, usually what one knows are the conditional probabilities, \"p(y|H1)\" and \"p(y|H2)\",", "title": "Detection theory" }, { "id": "3133196", "score": "1.5506108", "text": "with the purpose of showing that there is contradiction in assuming the existence of facts such as absolute location and velocity. These arguments trade heavily on two principles central to his philosophy: the principle of sufficient reason and the identity of indiscernibles. The principle of sufficient reason holds that for every fact, there is a reason that is sufficient to explain what and why it is the way it is and not otherwise. The identity of indiscernibles states that if there is no way of telling two entities apart, then they are one and the same thing. The example Leibniz", "title": "Philosophy of space and time" }, { "id": "338889", "score": "1.5499029", "text": "as completely enclosed by the border and ignore the gaps. The principle of \"good continuation\" makes sense of stimuli that overlap: when there is an intersection between two or more objects, people tend to perceive each as a single uninterrupted object. The principle of \"common fate\" groups stimuli together on the basis of their movement. When visual elements are seen moving in the same direction at the same rate, perception associates the movement as part of the same stimulus. This allows people to make out moving objects even when other details, such as color or outline, are obscured. The principle", "title": "Perception" }, { "id": "9194855", "score": "1.5468546", "text": "donating half of his money, it is easier for someone to figure out what the first man's personality is like. The second factor, that affects correspondence of action and inferred characteristic, is the number of differences between the choices made and the previous alternatives. If there aren't many differences, the assumption made will match the action because it is easy to guess the important aspect between each choice. The covariation model states that people attribute behavior to the factors that are present when a behavior occurs and absent when it does not. Thus, the theory assumes that people make causal", "title": "Attribution (psychology)" }, { "id": "18004785", "score": "1.5439525", "text": "is not equal. The dice may be loaded, and this loading needs to be inferred from the data. The principle of indifference has played a key role in probability theory. It says that if N statements are symmetric so that one condition cannot be preferred over another then all statements are equally probable. Taken seriously, in evaluating probability this principle leads to contradictions. Suppose there are 3 bags of gold in the distance and one is asked to select one. Then because of the distance one cannot see the bag sizes. You estimate using the principle of indifference that each", "title": "Inductive probability" }, { "id": "244043", "score": "1.5431103", "text": "Carl Hempel, first in his 1942 article \"The function of general laws in history\", and more explicitly with Paul Oppenheim in their 1948 article \"Studies in the logic of explanation\". In the DN model, the stated phenomenon to be explained is the \"explanandum\"—which can be an event, law, or theory—whereas premises stated to explain it are the \"explanans\". Explanans must be true or highly confirmed, contain at least one law, and entail the explanandum. Thus, given initial conditions \"C, C . . . C\" plus general laws \"L, L . . . L\", event \"E\" is a deductive consequence and", "title": "Logical positivism" }, { "id": "3069326", "score": "1.5281212", "text": "object is equal to \"x\" (often considered a valid predicate). As a consequence, there are a few different versions of the principle in the philosophical literature, of varying logical strength—and some of them are termed \"the strong principle\" or \"the weak principle\" by particular authors, in order to distinguish between them. Willard Van Orman Quine thought that the failure of substitutivity in intensional contexts (e.g., \"Sally believes that \"p\"\" or \"It is necessarily the case that \"q\"\") shows that modal logic is an impossible project. Saul Kripke holds that this failure may be the result of the use of the", "title": "Identity of indiscernibles" }, { "id": "3800463", "score": "1.524833", "text": "the reality principle necessary to keep the id and pleasure principle in check. Biologists use the principle of priority and principle of Binominal nomenclature for precision in naming species. There are many principles observed in physics, notably in cosmology which observes the mediocrity principle, the anthropic principle, the principle of relativity and the cosmological principle. Other well-known principles include the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics and the pigeonhole principle and superposition principle in mathematics. The principle states that every event has a rational explanation. The principle has a variety of expressions, all of which are perhaps best summarized by the", "title": "Principle" }, { "id": "475529", "score": "1.5231566", "text": "deduced from any law because it is a matter of chance, or otherwise cannot be perfectly predicted from what is known. Wesley Salmon developed a model in which a good scientific explanation must be statistically relevant to the outcome to be explained. Others have argued that the key to a good explanation is unifying disparate phenomena or providing a causal mechanism. Although it is often taken for granted, it is not at all clear how one can infer the validity of a general statement from a number of specific instances or infer the truth of a theory from a series", "title": "Philosophy of science" }, { "id": "14912113", "score": "1.5227387", "text": "lottery to meet one's favorite artist. After the students selected the example that interests them most, they are given a problem related to the chosen example that they have to try to solve. After the solution attempt, the principle behind the joint probability of two independent events will be explained, using the chosen example. Teachers may then use the other examples in order to deepen the understanding of joint probabilities, for example by using worked examples. A study observed that example choice increased interest in learning an abstract principle, and participants in the study invested more time to learn. In", "title": "Example choice" }, { "id": "1740298", "score": "1.5210443", "text": "to the sentence \"\"y\" exists by virtue of \"x\"\" or \"\"y\" arises out of \"x\"\". The latter sentence is perfectly clear: \"y\" arises out of \"x\" when \"x\" is invariably followed by \"y\", and the invariable association between \"x\" and \"y\" is empirically verifiable. But—says Carnap—metaphysicians are not satisfied with this interpretation of the meaning of 'principle'. They assert that no empirical relation between \"x\" and \"y\" can completely explain the meaning of \"\"x\" is the principle of \"y\"\", because there is something that cannot be grasped by means of the experience, something for which no empirical criterion can be", "title": "Vienna Circle" }, { "id": "596329", "score": "1.519006", "text": "\"We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.\" Rule 2: \"Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.\" Rule 3: \"The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intensification nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever.\" Rule 4: \"In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions inferred by general induction from phenomena as accurately or", "title": "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" }, { "id": "2492550", "score": "1.5183513", "text": "principle of explosion or \"ex contradictione sequitur quodlibet\" (Latin, \"from a contradiction, anything follows\") can be expressed formally as Which means: if \"P\" and its negation ¬\"P\" are both assumed to be true, then \"P\" is assumed to be true, from which it follows that at least one of the claims \"P\" and some other (arbitrary) claim \"A\" is true. However, if we know that either \"P\" or \"A\" is true, and also that \"P\" is not true (that ¬\"P\" is true) we can conclude that \"A\", which could be anything, is true. Thus if a theory contains a single", "title": "Paraconsistent logic" }, { "id": "456350", "score": "1.5138242", "text": "of the fewest possible causes, factors, or variables. He turned this into a concern for ontological parsimony; the principle says that one should not multiply entities beyond necessity – – although this well-known formulation of the principle is not to be found in any of William's extant writings. He formulates it as: \"For nothing ought to be posited without a reason given, unless it is self-evident (literally, known through itself) or known by experience or proved by the authority of Sacred Scripture.\" For William of Ockham, the only truly necessary entity is God; everything else is contingent. He thus does", "title": "William of Ockham" }, { "id": "1504145", "score": "1.5124183", "text": "no rational motivation for their preferred selection principle. David Miller has criticized this kind of criticism by Salmon and others because it makes inductivist assumptions. Popper does not say that corroboration is an indicator of predictive power. The predictive power is in the theory itself, not in its corroboration. The rational motivation for choosing a well-corroborated theory is that it is simply easier to falsify: Well-corroborated means that at least one kind of experiment (already conducted at least once) could have falsified (but did not actually falsify) the one theory, while the same kind of experiment, regardless of its outcome,", "title": "Problem of induction" }, { "id": "5605310", "score": "1.5110066", "text": "every pair of opposites, or poles, and is closely related to the Principle of Polarity. It can be seen that this Principle enables transition from one pole to the other, and not necessarily poles of extreme opposites. It explains that there is a cause for every effect, and an effect for every cause. It also states that there is no such thing as chance, that chance is merely a term indicating extant causes not recognized or perceived. The Principle is clarified in the chapter Causation. The Principle of Gender embodies the idea that gender is manifested in everything. The authors", "title": "The Kybalion" } ]

[ "forestry sport", "Forestry sport", "loggersports", "Lumberjack", "Lumbermen", "loggers", "lumbojack", "Loggersports", "Lumberjill", "Lumberjacks", "lumberjacks", "lumberjill", "lumberjack sports", "lumberjack", "lumbermen", "wood cutter", "Loggers", "Lumbojack", "Wood cutter", "Lumberjack sports" ]

[ { "id": "845673", "score": "1.4964664", "text": "Mufferaw), the French-Canadian known for his physical prowess and desire to protect the French-speaking logger, have been celebrated as folk heroes throughout North America, and have contributed to the mythos of the Lumberjack. The lives of loggers have been featured on the following American television series: Lumberjack Lumberjacks are North American workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees for ultimate processing into forest products. The term usually refers to a bygone era (before 1945 in the United States) when hand tools were used in harvesting trees. Because of its historical ties, the term", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": "19635620", "score": "1.4754348", "text": "whenever he can get away with it. Only then will he marry the daughter of a Dutch business partner, open an office in Boston, therefore Anglicizing the family name to Duke, and father or adopt the boys who will build the Duke & Sons timber empire after him. All the while, for the Sel family, there is unceasing discontent. The young are always seeking their future as Native Americans in a whiteman's world. Indian lumbermen, for example, were always recruited for river work balancing on the longest logs rushing down a river where an awkward move could get a man", "title": "Barkskins" }, { "id": "845655", "score": "1.4671278", "text": "it usually refers to a logger from an earlier time before the advent of chainsaws, feller-bunchers and other modern logging equipment. Other terms for the occupation include woodcutter, shanty boy and the colloquial term woodhick (Pennsylvania, US). A logger employed in driving logs down a river was known locally in northern North America as a river pig, catty-man, river hog, or river rat. The term lumberjill has been known for a woman who does this work; for example, in Britain during World War II. In Australia, the occupation is referred to as timber cutter or cool cutters. Lumberjacks worked in", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": "9770997", "score": "1.4567846", "text": "Felling Felling is the process of cutting down individual trees, an element of the task of logging. The person cutting the trees is a \"feller\". In hand felling, an axe, saw, or chainsaw is used to \"fell\" a tree, followed up by limbing and bucking in traditional applications. In the modern commercial logging industry, felling is typically followed by limbing and skidding. A feller-buncher is a motorized vehicle with an attachment which rapidly cuts and gathers several trees in the process of felling them. In cut-to-length logging a harvester performs the tasks of a feller-buncher additionally doing the delimbing and", "title": "Felling" }, { "id": "2620146", "score": "1.4539907", "text": "round to the village. Many trees are still felled in this traditional manner for use as totem poles and canoes, particularly by artists who feel that using modern tools is detrimental to the traditional spirit of the art. Non-traditionalists simply buy redcedar logs or lumber at mills or lumber yards, a practice that is commonly followed by most working in smaller sizes such as for masks and staves. Because felling required such an extraordinary amount of work, if only planks for housing were needed, these would be split from the living tree. The bark was stripped and saved, and two", "title": "Thuja plicata" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lumberjack\n\nLumberjacks are mostly North American workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees for ultimate processing into forest products. The term usually refers to loggers in the era (before 1945 in the United States) when trees were felled using hand tools and dragged by oxen to rivers. The work was difficult, dangerous, intermittent, low-paying, and involved living in primitive conditions. However, the men built a traditional culture that celebrated strength, masculinity, confrontation with danger, and resistance to modernization.\nSection::::Terminology.\nThe term lumberjack is of Canadian derivation. The first attested use of the word comes from an 1831 letter to the \"Cobourg Star and General Advertiser\" in the following passage: \"my misfortunes have been brought upon me chiefly by an incorrigible, though perhaps useful, race of mortals called lumberjacks, whom, however, I would name the Cossack's of Upper Canada, who, having been reared among the oaks and pines of the wild forest, have never been subjected to the salutary restraint of laws.\"\n\nThe term \"lumberjack\" is primarily historical; logger is used by workers in the 21st century. When \"lumberjack\" is used, it usually refers to a logger from an earlier time before the advent of chainsaws, feller-bunchers and other modern logging equipment. Other terms for the occupation include woodcutter, shanty boy and the colloquial term woodhick (Pennsylvania, US).\n\nA logger employed in driving logs down a river was known locally in northern North America as a river pig, catty-man, river hog, or river rat. The term lumberjill has been known for a woman who does this work; for example, in Britain during World War II. In Australia, the occupation is referred to as timber cutter or cool cutters.", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Turtle Island (Indigenous North American folklore)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Johnny Appleseed\n\nJohn Chapman (September 26, 1774March 18, 1845), better known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Ontario, as well as the northern counties of present-day West Virginia. He became an American legend while still alive, due to his kind, generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance he attributed to apples. He was also a missionary for The New Church (Swedenborgian) and the inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as the Johnny Appleseed Museum in Urbana, Ohio.", "title": "Johnny Appleseed" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Christmas tree\n\nA Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer, such as a spruce, pine or fir, or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas. The custom was further developed in early modern Germany where German Protestant Christians brought decorated trees into their homes. It acquired popularity beyond the Lutheran areas of Germany and the Baltic governorates during the second half of the 19th century, at first among the upper classes.\n\nThe tree was traditionally decorated with \"roses made of colored paper, apples, wafers, tinsel, [and] sweetmeats\".\n\nIn the Western Christian tradition, Christmas trees are variously erected on days such as the first day of Advent or even as late as Christmas Eve depending on the country; customs of the same faith hold that the two traditional days when Christmas decorations, such as the Christmas tree, are removed are Twelfth Night and, if they are not taken down on that day, Candlemas, the latter of which ends the Christmas-Epiphany season in some denominations.\n\nThe Christmas tree is sometimes compared with the \"Yule-tree\", especially in discussions of its folkloric origins.", "title": "Christmas tree" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tree\n\nIn botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world.\n\nA tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees it is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development.\n\nTrees usually reproduce using seeds. Flowers and fruit may be present, but some trees, such as conifers, instead have pollen cones and seed cones. Palms, bananas, and bamboos also produce seeds, but tree ferns produce spores instead.\n\nTrees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In parts of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of land available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always been revered, with sacred groves in various cultures, and they play a role in many of the world's mythologies.", "title": "Tree" }, { "id": "17182408", "score": "1.4453772", "text": "\"A Discourse of Western Planting\", in which he advocated the colonization of North America for the “employmente of numbers of idle men” to extract its natural resources for exportation to England. Among the commodities listed as marketable goods was trees. It was Hakluyt's belief that North America and its endless stock of resources would solve the nation's dilemma. Hakluyt projected that an established lumber industry would deliver returns that would in itself justify investment in settling the area that was becoming commonly known by several names including; Norumbega, Acadia, Virginia or New England. Hakluyt and seven other men formed a", "title": "History of the lumber industry in the United States" }, { "id": "5903607", "score": "1.4272518", "text": "a stump or felled tree (inscribed into a more generic monument in some cases, rather than the more noticeable instances of the entire monument being in the shape of the log or tree-stump); the maul and wedge; an axe; and often a Dove of Peace with an olive branch. As Woodmen \"do not lie\", a common inscription was \"Here rests a Woodman of the World\". Historically, the top of the organizational structure of WoodmenLife was the \"Sovereign Camp\", which met quadrennially. When the Sovereign Camp was not in session the organizations was run by a board of directors. States were", "title": "WoodmenLife" }, { "id": "845653", "score": "1.4256206", "text": "Lumberjack Lumberjacks are North American workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees for ultimate processing into forest products. The term usually refers to a bygone era (before 1945 in the United States) when hand tools were used in harvesting trees. Because of its historical ties, the term lumberjack has become ingrained in popular culture through folklore, mass media and spectator sports. The actual work was difficult, dangerous, intermittent, low-paying, and primitive in living conditions. However, the men built a traditional culture that celebrated strength, masculinity, confrontation with danger, and resistance to modernization. The", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": "2438126", "score": "1.413242", "text": "After Kiidk'yaas' felling, attempts were made to propagate a further 80 cuttings (with the permission of the Haida people) in order to increase the chances of a successful offspring surviving. The only wood harvested from the tree was used by Nova Scotia luthier George Rizsanyi and broadcaster Jowi Taylor as part of Six String Nation, a guitar dedicated to Canadian history. Other pieces of the guitar include wood from Pierre Trudeau's canoe paddle and Paul Henderson's hockey stick. Kiidk'yaas Kiidk'yaas (meaning \"ancient tree\" in the Haida language), also known as the Golden Spruce, was a Sitka spruce tree (\"Picea sitchensis\"", "title": "Kiidk'yaas" }, { "id": "455461", "score": "1.4129943", "text": "in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing). Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as \"lumber\" in North America. Elsewhere, \"lumber\" usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is \"timber\". In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted", "title": "Wood" }, { "id": "2620132", "score": "1.404639", "text": "include giant redcedar, Pacific redcedar, shinglewood, British Columbia cedar, canoe cedar, and red cedar. \"Arborvitae\" comes from the Latin for \"tree of life\"; coincidentally, Native Americans of the West coast also address the species as \"long life maker\". One endonymous name for the tree is the Halkomelem word , from the roots , meaning \"scratch\" or \"line\", and , \"bark\"; the former root may be in reference to both the lined or \"folded/braided\" appearance of the bark and the tree's ubiquity in carving and other forms of woodwork. The largest living specimen is the Cheewhat Giant, in Pacific Rim National", "title": "Thuja plicata" }, { "id": "845656", "score": "1.3996739", "text": "lumber camps and often lived a migratory life, following timber harvesting jobs as they opened. Being a lumberjack was seasonal work. Lumberjacks were exclusively men. They usually lived in bunkhouses or tents. Common equipment included the axe and cross-cut saw. Lumberjacks could be found wherever there were vast forests to be harvested and a demand for wood, most likely in Scandinavia, Canada, and parts of the United States. In the U.S., many lumberjacks were of Scandinavian ancestry, continuing the family tradition. American lumberjacks were first centred in north-eastern states such as Maine. They then followed the general westward migration on", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": "845662", "score": "1.3987844", "text": "homeless people, originated in a way in which harvested logs were once transported. Logs could be \"skidded\" down hills or along a corduroy road, and one such street in Seattle was named Skid Road. This street later became frequented by people down on their luck, and both the name and its meaning morphed into the modern term. Among the living history museums that preserve and interpret the forest industry are: A specialty form of logging involving the felling of trees for the production of railroad ties was known as tie hacking. These lumberjacks, called tie hacks, used saws to fell", "title": "Lumberjack" }, { "id": "17915912", "score": "1.3928051", "text": "Sawyer (occupation) Sawyer is an occupational term referring to someone who saws wood, particularly using a pit saw either in a saw pit or with the log on trestles above ground or operates a sawmill. One such job is the occupation of someone who cuts lumber to length for the consumer market, a task now often done by end users or at lumber and home improvement stores. The term is still widely used in the logging industry to refer to the operator of a chainsaw (or still in some limited applications, a crosscut saw) for harvesting, wildfire suppression, trail construction", "title": "Sawyer (occupation)" }, { "id": "12587172", "score": "1.3899616", "text": "and that as a general rule when trees have reached their prime maturity, they should be felled to live on for many years in such form that their quality dictates; as oak beams supporting the roof of a cathedral; as fine craftsman-made furniture; as a framework for a house. When he retired he returned to North Yorkshire, where his large woodland garden was filled with many notable trees. Peter Garthwaite Peter Fawcitt Garthwaite , who was born 22 October 1909, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England and died 13 May 2001, Hovingham, North Yorkshire, England, was a forester who worked in a", "title": "Peter Garthwaite" }, { "id": "9770999", "score": "1.3863897", "text": "of the tree. This was an experiment conducted regarding felling trees and the continuous felling of trees in boom-corridors which might lead to an increase in harvester productivity. An efficient way to do this would be to use felling heads which would increase efficiency and fall time. Felling Felling is the process of cutting down individual trees, an element of the task of logging. The person cutting the trees is a \"feller\". In hand felling, an axe, saw, or chainsaw is used to \"fell\" a tree, followed up by limbing and bucking in traditional applications. In the modern commercial logging", "title": "Felling" }, { "id": "11108500", "score": "1.3764709", "text": "and two flour mills, sold insurance and real estate, taught bookkeeping classes, managed a lecture bureau, and practiced law. Root was a member of several fraternal societies throughout the years. He wanted to create an organization that would protect families following the death of a breadwinner. During a Sunday sermon, Root heard the pastor tell a parable about pioneer woodmen clearing away forests to build homes, communities and security for their families. He adopted the term \"woodmen\" for his organization. To complete the name, he added \"modern\" to reflect the need to stay current and change with the times, and", "title": "Modern Woodmen of America" }, { "id": "3387897", "score": "1.3748392", "text": "occasionally, particularly in objects intended for celebration or the upper class, but was not in wide-scale use. In contrast, burls were widely available in the virgin forests of North America. Native Americans worked these burls into domestic objects like bowls and ladles with tools such as stone blades, hot coals, and beaver teeth. Native Americans traded these wooden items with European colonists, who later learned to harvest burl and carve them into treen in the style of their home countries. Burl treen is considered an indigenous North American craft, and examples are found in museums and private collections of Americana.", "title": "Treen (wooden)" }, { "id": "2510530", "score": "1.3721495", "text": "tall, straight pines that were suitable for masts, booms, and other rigging on sailing ships. And given that Britain had just lost about half of its forest lands in North America, he was determined that, for the defense of the realm, the remainder of the choice trees would be protected. Upon his return from his travels to Halifax in Dec., 1786, he received a letter from James Monk assuring him that he would soon be appointed lieutenant-governor of either Nova Scotia or New Brunswick. In the end, after a complicated series of appointments and reassignments, Wentworth was left the odd", "title": "Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet" }, { "id": "1430367", "score": "1.3682278", "text": "work, changing the bandsaw, and making shingles. Lumber is loaded onto schooners in Machias for transport to New York. The film was originally silent, with a typed script which Ames read aloud when he showed the film. In 1985, with funds from the Maine Humanities Council, the narration was recorded with the film. The film is distributed by Northeast Historic Film, in Bucksport, Maine. Footage was included in the compilation documentary \"Woodsmen and River Drivers, Another Day, Another Era\" which also interviewed the surviving woodsmen of the Machias Lumber Company. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the", "title": "From Stump to Ship" } ]

[ "Opening title sequence of The X-Files", "X-Philes", "The X Files (television series)", "x files tv series", "x files 20th century fox", "Mulderites", "X-Phile", "The X-Files opening credits", "x files", "X-Files (20th century fox)", "The X-Files", "X-files", "xfiles", "The X Files", "x file", "X-Files", "x files awards and nominations", "T-XF", "The X-Philes", "x akták", "The X-Files Awards and Nominations", "x files fandom", "TXF3", "X files", "The X File", "x files television series", "History of The X-Files", "X files tv series", "t x f", "X aktak", "t xf", "The X-Files Opening sequence", "history of x files", "x files opening credits", "tx f", "X-Files, The", "The X files", "mulderites", "txf3", "X-philes", "x files opening sequence", "Xfiles", "X akták", "x philes", "The x files", "TX-F", "T-X-F", "x phile", "x aktak", "opening title sequence of x files", "The X-Files fandom", "The X-files" ]

[ { "id": "3886002", "score": "1.7597418", "text": "attempted to create a series-long epic tale that avoided many of the clichés of the television genre. The series was highly acclaimed for its writing and its innovative visuals as the first television series to extensively use computer-generated imagery to create spectacular visual effects for an economical price. In addition, its five-season run (1993–98), the intended length of the series, was longer than any American non \"Star Trek\" space series up to that time. There were time-travel and dimension-hopping series in the vein of \"Quantum Leap\" (1989–93) and \"Sliders\" (1995–2000), and mysterious conspiracy thrillers such as \"The X-Files\" (1993–2002). The", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "364033", "score": "1.7371464", "text": "of new shows, including three further \"Star Trek\" continuation shows (\"\", \"\" and \"\") and \"Babylon 5\". \"Red Dwarf\", a comic science fiction series aired on BBC Two between 1988 and 1999, and on Dave since 2009, gaining a cult following. To date, eleven full series of the show plus one \"special\" miniseries have aired. The latest series, dubbed \"Red Dwarf XII\", started airing in October 2017. \"The X-Files\", which featured UFOs and conspiracy theories, was created by Chris Carter and broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company from 1993 to 2002. \"Stargate\", a film about ancient astronauts and interstellar teleportation, was", "title": "Science fiction" }, { "id": "8360220", "score": "1.7082547", "text": "the difficulty of forcing large organizations to take responsibility for wrongdoing. The episode's final revelation, that aliens have been on Earth \"for a long, long time\", has been cited as following a trend of post-futurism established by science fiction cinema in the 1980s. This trend has replaced traditional science fiction topics such as space exploration with themes inspired by the Watergate scandal and the spread of conspiracy theories. \"Deep Throat\" premiered on the Fox network on September 17, 1993, and was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on September 24, 1994. This episode's initial American broadcast was", "title": "Deep Throat (The X-Files episode)" }, { "id": "6991057", "score": "1.7040429", "text": "Extraterrestrial (TV program) Extraterrestrial (also Alien Worlds in the UK) is a British-American two-part television documentary miniseries, aired in 2005 in the UK by Channel 4, by the National Geographic Channel (as Extraterrestrial) in the US on Monday, May 30, 2005 and produced by Blue Wave Productions Ltd. The program focuses on the hypothetical and scientifically feasible evolution of alien life on extrasolar planets, providing model examples of two different fictional worlds, one in each of the series's two episodes. The documentary is based on speculative collaboration of a group of American and British scientists, who were collectively commissioned by", "title": "Extraterrestrial (TV program)" }, { "id": "364032", "score": "1.6745391", "text": "2005. It has been extremely popular worldwide and has greatly influenced later TV science fiction programs, as well as popular culture. \"\", produced by Gene Roddenberry, premiered in 1966 on NBC Television and ran through the 1969 season. It combined elements of space opera and space Western. Although only mildly successful it gained popularity through later syndication and eventually spawned a very popular and influential franchise through films, later programs, and novels; as well as by intense fan interest. Other programs in the 1960s included \"The Prisoner\", \"The Outer Limits\", and \"Lost in Space\". In 1987 \"\" began a torrent", "title": "Science fiction" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "The X-Files" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of topics characterized as pseudoscience\n\nThis is a list of topics that have, either currently or in the past, been characterized as pseudoscience by academics or researchers. Detailed discussion of these topics may be found on their main pages. These characterizations were made in the context of educating the public about questionable or potentially fraudulent or dangerous claims and practices—efforts to define the nature of science, or humorous parodies of poor scientific reasoning.\n\nCriticism of pseudoscience, generally by the scientific community or skeptical organizations, involves critiques of the logical, methodological, or rhetorical bases of the topic in question. Though some of the listed topics continue to be investigated scientifically, others were only subject to scientific research in the past and today are considered refuted, but resurrected in a pseudoscientific fashion. Other ideas presented here are entirely non-scientific, but have in one way or another impinged on scientific domains or practices.\n\nMany adherents or practitioners of the topics listed here dispute their characterization as pseudoscience. Each section here summarizes the alleged pseudoscientific aspects of that topic.\n\n\nOf these varieties of climate change denial, the most visible are the first and the second.\"</ref>\n\n</ref>\n\n\n", "title": "List of topics characterized as pseudoscience" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Superman\n\nSuperman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, and debuted in the comic book \"Action Comics\" #1 (cover-dated June 1938 and published April 18, 1938). Superman has been adapted to a number of other media, including radio serials, novels, films, television shows, theater productions, and video games.\n\nSuperman was born on the fictional planet Krypton and was named Kal-El. When he was a baby, his parents sent him to Earth in a small spaceship moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, near the fictional town of Smallville. He was found and adopted by farmers Jonathan and Martha Kent, who named him Clark Kent. Clark developed various superhuman abilities, such as incredible strength and impervious skin. His adoptive parents advised him to use his abilities for the benefit of humanity, and he decided to fight crime. To protect his personal life, he changes into a colorful costume and uses the alias \"Superman\" when fighting crime. Clark resides in the fictional American city of Metropolis, where he works as a journalist for the \"Daily Planet\". Superman's supporting characters include his love interest and fellow journalist Lois Lane, \"Daily Planet\" photographer Jimmy Olsen and editor-in-chief Perry White, and enemies such as Brainiac, Darkseid, General Zod, and his archenemy Lex Luthor.\n\nSuperman is the archetype of the superhero: he wears an outlandish costume, uses a codename, and fights evil with the aid of extraordinary abilities. Although there are earlier characters who arguably fit this definition, it was Superman who popularized the superhero genre and established its conventions. He was the best-selling superhero in American comic books until the 1980s.", "title": "Superman" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Howard Hughes\n\nHoward Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, record-setting pilot, engineer, film producer, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most influential and richest people in the world. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an important figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle—oddities that were caused in part by his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from a near-fatal plane crash, and increasing deafness.\n\nAs a film tycoon, Hughes gained fame in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he produced big-budget and often controversial films such as \"The Racket\" (1928), \"Hell's Angels\" (1930), and \"Scarface\" (1932). He later acquired the RKO Pictures film studio in 1948, recognized then as one of the Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age, although the production company struggled under his control and ultimately ceased operations in 1957.\n\nThrough his interest in aviation and aerospace travel, Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers, designers, and defense contractors.\n\nDuring his final years, Hughes extended his financial empire to include several major businesses in Las Vegas, such as real estate, hotels, casinos, and media outlets. Known at the time as one of the most powerful men in the state of Nevada, he is largely credited with transforming Vegas into a more refined cosmopolitan city. After years of mental and physical decline, Hughes died of kidney failure in 1976. His legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Howard Hughes Corporation.", "title": "Howard Hughes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Central Intelligence Agency\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and performing covert actions. As a principal member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet of the United States. President Harry S. Truman had created the Central Intelligence Group under the direction of a Director of Central Intelligence by presidential directive on January 22, 1946, and this group was transformed into the Central Intelligence Agency by implementation of the National Security Act of 1947.\n\nUnlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, It exerts foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Center. The CIA was also instrumental in establishing intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, such as Germany's BND. It has also provided support to many foreign political groups and governments, including planning, coordinating, training in torture, and technical support. It was involved in carrying out several regime changes, terrorist attacks, and planned assassinations of foreign leaders.<ref name=\"wp20130829\"/>\n\nSince 2004, the CIA is organized under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Despite transferring some of its powers to the DNI, the CIA has grown in size as a response to the September 11 attacks. In 2013, \"The Washington Post\" reported that in the fiscal year 2010, the CIA had the largest budget of all IC agencies, exceeding previous estimates.\n\nThe CIA has increasingly expanded its role, including covert paramilitary operations.\n\nThe agency has been the subject of many controversies, including human rights violations, domestic wiretapping and propaganda, and allegations of drug trafficking. It has also appeared in works of fiction, including books, films and video games.", "title": "Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "1909975", "score": "1.6738402", "text": "of Balance\", followed by \"The Beta Cloud\", \"\", \"The Lambda Factor\", \"\", and \"The Seance Spectre\". The two-part episode, \"The Bringers of Wonder\", was shown on 19 and 26 February. And then \"Dorzak\", \"\", \"Devil's Planet\", and \"The Dorcons\" followed in March. \"\" would not be shown until 21 May, after many weeks of repeats. By 10 September 1977, except for \"The Exiles\", all of the second-season episodes had been repeated. And thereafter, a 1977–1978 run of first-season episodes began with \"\" on 17 September. In Finland the first season was originally aired by the commercial MTV (Mainostelevisio) channel in", "title": "Space: 1999" }, { "id": "3885997", "score": "1.6675682", "text": "not officially exist) were nothing. A 1988 television series was the immensely successful British science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf. It originated from a 1980s' recurring radio sketch: Dave Hollins: Space Cadet and ran for 10 series over three time periods - Series 1-6 between 1988 and 1993, Series 7 & 8 between 1997 and 1999, plus a 3-parter (Series 9) in 2008 and Series 10 in 2012. In addition to the television series, there are four bestselling novels, two pilot episodes for an American version of the show, a radio version produced for BBC Radio 7,[2] tie-in books, magazines and", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "5411520", "score": "1.6636472", "text": "The novel ends with a NASA workshop on the possibility of extraterrestrial life, at which Strabismus drops the creationist/fundamentalist persona he has adopted and joins in the intellectual debate on the inevitability of life elsewhere in the Universe. The author displays extensive knowledge about the intricacies of rocket and spacecraft systems, which he gained as a member of the Advisory Council to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from 1979 to 1983. The novel was adapted into a five-part, 13-hour CBS miniseries, \"James A. Michener's Space\", starring James Garner. This television series aired April 14–18, 1985 and won an Emmy", "title": "Space (novel)" }, { "id": "3885981", "score": "1.6631911", "text": "an important period in the history of US television science fiction. It saw the creation of two brand new \"space opera\"-based science fiction shows, both featuring broad galactic exploration themes, with each show dealing with them in very different manners. The first of these was Irwin Allen's CBS show \"Lost in Space\", which ran for three seasons from 1965 to 1968, and the other series, which premiered on NBC in 1966, was \"Star Trek\". \"Star Trek\" began as an unscreened pilot made in 1964 before the series began in 1966. The show was conceived by screenwriter and producer Gene Roddenberry,", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "7235523", "score": "1.6550324", "text": "Closer to Truth Closer to Truth is a continuing television series on public television originally created, produced and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn. The first premiere series aired in 2000 for 2 seasons, followed by a second series aired in 2003 for a single season. The third series of the program, Closer to Truth: Cosmos. Consciousness. God, launched in 2008, with 15 full seasons to date. See List of Closer to Truth episodes. \"Closer to Truth\" has had over 150,000 station broadcasts. The show is centered on on-camera conversations with leading scientists, philosophers, theologians, and scholars, covering a diverse range", "title": "Closer to Truth" }, { "id": "1909976", "score": "1.650161", "text": "1976, but it was withdrawn after couple of episodes on demand of the national programme board as the show was considered too brutal and horrifying. The same thing happened when MTV tried to air the second season in 1978. The complete show wasn't seen in Finland until 1996–1997 when a small local channel, TV-Tampere, aired it. Since then it aired on TVTV! in 2000 and 2001, and later on MTV3 Scifi in 2008. It was shown in Italy as \"Spazio 1999\" , Argentina, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, francophone Canada, and France as \"Cosmos: 1999\", Denmark as \"Månebase Alpha\",", "title": "Space: 1999" }, { "id": "3886010", "score": "1.6501436", "text": "in 2004. U.S. television science fiction U.S. television science fiction is a popular genre of television in the United States that has produced many of the best-known and most popular science fiction shows in the world. Most famous of all, and one of the most influential science-fiction series in history, is the iconic \"\" and its various spin-off shows, which comprise the Star Trek franchise. Other hugely influential programs have included the 1960s anthology series \"The Twilight Zone,\" the internationally successful \"The X-Files,\" and a wide variety of television movies and continuing series for more than half a century. The", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "3886005", "score": "1.6492963", "text": "lower costs to produce. Nonetheless, the popularity of science fiction as a genre means that several notable programs enjoyed significant longevity. \"Stargate SG-1\" began in 1997 and aired 10 seasons, and is somewhat unusual in being a successful spin-off series from the 1994 movie. The series became the longest-running North American science fiction television series, which warranted two spin-offs: \"Stargate Atlantis\", which ran for five seasons; and \"Stargate Universe\", which ran for only two seasons instead of the originally-planned five. \"Stargate SG-1\" retained its record until \"Smallville\" completed its run with 218 episodes in 2011 and broke its record. The", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "9427074", "score": "1.6491718", "text": "show was on the air from 1996 to 1998 for a total of 390 episodes. It usually appeared on UPN network affiliates. In 1996, for the first time in its broadcast history, it dedicated a full episode to subject of alleged footage from Area 51 of an \"alien interview\". This was released in 1997 as , directed by Jeff Broadstreet, and starring Steven Williams. Strange Universe Strange Universe was a United States syndicated daily half-hour program about paranormal phenomena that aired from 1996 to 1998. Developed by Rysher Entertainment and Chris Craft Television, it debuted in 1996, hosted by Emmitt", "title": "Strange Universe" }, { "id": "3885994", "score": "1.6483061", "text": "of Nazism in Germany of the 1930s with the arrival on Earth of an apparently friendly alien race with hidden motives, the miniseries proved to be highly popular and iconic, spawning both a sequel \"V: The Final Battle\" the following year, and then a full-blown television series for the 1984–1985 season, although neither of these were as successful as the original, being more action-oriented and somewhat less cerebral. 1987 saw the arrival of what is perhaps the most successful, in terms of sales and worldwide viewing figures, science fiction series of all time, Gene Roddenberry’s re-launching of his \"Star Trek\"", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "2274814", "score": "1.6450789", "text": "complex and New World Order conspiracy theories. A well-known example of this was the FOX television series \"The X-Files\", which first aired in 1993. It combined the quest to find proof of the existence of Grey-like extraterrestrials with a number of UFO conspiracy theory subplots, in order to form its primary story arc. Other notable examples include \"Dark Skies\", first broadcast in 1996, which expanded upon the MJ-12 conspiracy, and \"Stargate SG-1\", which in the 1998 episode \"Thor's Chariot\" introduced the Asgard, a race of benevolent Greys who visited ancient Earth masquerading as characters from Norse Mythology. Greys, referred to", "title": "Grey alien" }, { "id": "9698320", "score": "1.6434194", "text": "and occult phenomena continued to rise in the 1970s. E. Dawson Rogers hopes to gain new respectability for spiritualism and founds Society for Psychical Research in 1882 Government investigations into parapsychology: Project Star Gate, formed in 1970 with cooperation from the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Intelligence Agency, investigates remote viewing, sees nothing useful Extraterrestrial life is a familiar topic in fiction. In the centuries since astronomers discovered that planets are worlds, people have speculated on the possibility of life existing there, though xenobiology has remained a science without a subject. However, people from afar, or alien creatures with various", "title": "Technology in science fiction" }, { "id": "4042159", "score": "1.6402804", "text": "nature.\" The changes were not enough to draw audience members back, and \"Something Is Out There\" was finally cancelled. Something Is Out There Something Is Out There is a 1988 American science fiction television miniseries that aired on NBC, and a weekly series that followed in the fall of 1988, which lasted from October to December 1988. Jack Breslin (Joseph Cortese) is a police officer investigating brutal murders in which organs have been removed from the victims. He learns that the crimes are being committed by a monstrous alien insectoid prisoner known as a xenomorph, possessing shape-shifting and physical possession", "title": "Something Is Out There" }, { "id": "3886007", "score": "1.635953", "text": "a mad scientist character and explored alternate universes, aired for 100 episodes (2008-2013) on Fox. The nature of science fiction as a genre and the trends of American culture allows is to explore the whole range of all types of science fiction from comedy to drama, just entertainment to socially relevant, youth to adult, soft to hard, gross to tasteful, cheap to expensive productions, and lame to thoughtful. Despite trends in television, science fiction as a genre has firmly established its place in the make-up of American programming. The future of science fiction could be significantly helped by the advances", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" }, { "id": "3885976", "score": "1.63587", "text": "completely new story would be presented in each episode, with new actors, settings, and situations. The only continuing link was the producers, the genre, and the series title. The first series of this kind was \"Tales of Tomorrow\" running for 85 episodes, between 1951–53, it was meant to be the first science fiction show for adults. The next popular series was \"Science Fiction Theatre\", a syndicated series that ran for 78 episodes between 1955–57. Two years after its run finished, a much more popular and influential program in the same vein debuted on the CBS Network: \"The Twilight Zone\", hosted", "title": "U.S. television science fiction" } ]

[ "آرژانتین", "Ariannin", "argentyna", "Արգենտինա", "republica argentina", "Argentina", "Argentine Republic", "airgintín", "Argentīna", "Airgintin", "Argie", "argentinie", "argentina republic", "аргентына", "argentinien", "república argentina", "Arc'hantina", "arxentina", "Arghantina", "аржентина", "airgintin", "Argentina Republic", "Аржентина", "argentiina", "Argentina Information", "ארגנטינה", "argentīna", "Argentína", "アルゼンチン", "Argentiina", "Nación Argentina", "Аргентына", "Argentinean", "República Argentina", "The Argentine Republic", "argies", "argentinia", "antonia merce y luque", "Argentinie", "Argentine republic", "Nacion Argentina", "ISO 3166-1:AR", "אַרגענטינע", "Arjantin", "nacion argentina", "people of argintina", "argentine republic", "argentina information", "arc hantina", "ariannin", "arghantina", "iso 3166 1 ar", "People of Argintina", "अर्जेन्टीना", "argie", "nación argentina", "Republic of Argentina", "argentina", "Argentinia", "Argentinië", "Argjentina", "Argentinien", "Arxentina", "Antonia Merce Y Luque", "land of silver", "Arxintina", "Airgintín", "argjentina", "argentinean", "argentinië", "Argies", "Argentyna", "arxintina", "republic of argentina", "Republica Argentina", "արգենտինա", "arjantin", "argintina", "argentína", "الأرجنتين", "Land of silver", "Argintina" ]

[ { "id": "16165429", "score": "1.7575842", "text": "1988, the UK's Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe agreed with Iranian Foreign Minister Velayati to resume diplomatic contact. Staff returned in January 1989. On 14 February 1989, Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa against Salman Rushdie and his publishers. European Community Foreign Ministers agreed to withdraw their heads of mission from Tehran in response. The British Government withdrew all UK-based staff. Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait made it desirable to re-establish relations once more, in September 1990. The UK and all other EU countries withdrew their heads of mission in April 1997 when a German court issued a verdict that members of the", "title": "Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran" }, { "id": "2804525", "score": "1.7190983", "text": "release of the remaining men, the first of his four visits. The hostages were freed on 5 February 1985, after nine months in detention. Although there were rumours that four members of the embassy had been executed on their return to Libya, the reports were not considered reliable by the British government. The government did not try to re-open diplomatic relations with Libya for several years, and interaction between the two governments remained poor. In 1986 Thatcher agreed to the use of Royal Air Force bases by American aircraft involved in the bombing of Libya; she said in the House", "title": "Murder of Yvonne Fletcher" }, { "id": "7303711", "score": "1.6979101", "text": "held the building for six days until the hostages were rescued by a raid by the SAS. After the Revolution of Iran in 1979, Britain suspended all diplomatic relations with Iran. Britain did not have an embassy until it was reopened in 1988. During the Iran–Iraq War, Saddam Hussein acquired metal tubes from firms in the United Kingdom, intended for the Project Babylon supergun. All were intercepted by customs and excise and none ever reached Iraq. The suppliers were under the impression that their tubes would have been used in a pipeline project. A year after the re-establishment of the", "title": "Iran–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "19134164", "score": "1.680131", "text": "on trade until the end of the Kingdom of Tungning. After the defeat of the nationalist forces in Mainland China the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the KMT government to Taiwan the United Kingdom broke off diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and recognised the People's Republic of China from 6 January 1950. The United Kingdom however maintained a Consulate in Tamsui until 13 March 1972. Both the Republic of China and the United Kingdom were Permanent members of the UN Security Council until 1971 when the UN switched recognition to the People's Republic of China in", "title": "Taiwan–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "20056490", "score": "1.6653728", "text": "1927. Britain formally recognised the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union, 1922–1991) on 1 February 1924. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were severed at the end of May 1927 after a police raid on the All Russian Co-operative Society whereafter prime minister Stanley Baldwin presented the House of Commons with deciphered Soviet telegrams that proved Soviet espionage activities. In 1929, the incoming Labour government successfully established permanent diplomatic relations. At the Sixth World Congress of the Communist International in 1928, Stalin issued orders that across the world Communist parties would never be allowed to cooperate with", "title": "International relations (1919–1939)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "International recognition of Israel\n\nThe State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, and was admitted to the United Nations (UN) as a member state on 11 May 1949. , it has received diplomatic recognition from 165 () of the total UN member states. 28 member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition; while others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing recognition. Alongside its status as a state with limited recognition since its independence, Israel's sovereignty has been and continues to be disputed by some countries—predominantly those in the Muslim world—as a consequence of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and broader Arab–Israeli conflict.", "title": "International recognition of Israel" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Foreign relations of the Holy See\n\nThe Holy See has long been recognised as a subject of international law and as an active participant in international relations. One observer has stated that its interaction with the world has, in the period since World War II, been at its highest level ever. It is distinct from the city-state of the Vatican City, over which the Holy See has \"full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction\".\n\nThe diplomatic activities of the Holy See are directed by the Secretariat of State (headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State), through the Section for Relations with States.\n\nThe Holy See recognizes all UN member states, except for the People's Republic of China (as the Holy See only recognizes the Republic of China) and North Korea (as the Holy See only has relations with South Korea). The Holy See also recognizes the State of Palestine, the only other non-UN member it recognizes besides Taiwan (ROC).\n\nThe term \"Vatican Diplomatic Corps\", by contrast with the diplomatic service of the Holy See, properly refers to all those diplomats \"accredited to the Holy See\", not those who represent its interests to other nations and international bodies. Since 1961, Vatican diplomats also enjoy diplomatic immunity.", "title": "Foreign relations of the Holy See" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1990 in the United Kingdom\n\nEvents from the year 1990 in the United Kingdom.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "1990 in the United Kingdom" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1990\n\nImportant events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen, the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project (finished in 2003), the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, the separation of Namibia from South Africa, and the Baltic states declaring independence from the Soviet Union amidst Perestroika. Yugoslavia's communist regime collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in separatist governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the Gulf War in 1991 following the Iraq invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of Kuwait. This annexation resulted in a crisis in the Persian Gulf involving the issue of the sovereignty of Kuwait and fears by Saudi Arabia over Iraqi aggression against their oil fields near Kuwait. This led to Operation Desert Shield being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait. Also in this year, Nelson Mandela was released from prison, and Margaret Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after more than 11 years.\n\n1990 was an important year in the Internet's early history. In the fall of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the first web server and the foundation for the World Wide Web. Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside CERN the following year. 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the ARPANET, a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content web search engine, Archie, on September 10.\n\nSeptember 14, 1990 saw the first case of successful somatic gene therapy on a patient.\n\nDue to the early 1990s recession that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the socialist governments in Eastern Europe, birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990. In most western countries the Echo Boom peaked in 1990; fertility rates declined thereafter.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "1990" }, { "id": "19682361", "score": "1.634208", "text": "the time hostilities began on 17 January 1991. Thatcher was one of the first Western leaders to respond warmly to reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Following Reagan–Gorbachev summit meetings and reforms enacted by Gorbachev in the USSR, she declared in November 1988 that \"We're not in a Cold War now\", but rather in a \"new relationship much wider than the Cold War ever was\". She went on a state visit to the Soviet Union in 1984 and met with Gorbachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Thatcher was initially opposed to German reunification, telling Gorbachev that", "title": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "11753523", "score": "1.6332669", "text": "until power shifted to the Bishop of Buenos Aires. In 1914 the first mission, Misión Chaqueña, was founded in the north of Argentina. Argentina–United Kingdom relations Argentina–United Kingdom relations refers to foreign relations between the Republic of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1823. Diplomatic relations were cut off before the Falklands War in 1982 and were reinstated in 1990. Post-war relations between the two countries improved significantly up until the mid-2000s. During the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, relations became increasingly tense, with both countries", "title": "Argentina–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "11753488", "score": "1.6309663", "text": "Argentina–United Kingdom relations Argentina–United Kingdom relations refers to foreign relations between the Republic of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1823. Diplomatic relations were cut off before the Falklands War in 1982 and were reinstated in 1990. Post-war relations between the two countries improved significantly up until the mid-2000s. During the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, relations became increasingly tense, with both countries reasserting their claims to the Falkland Islands. In 2016, British Prime Minister David Cameron and Argentine President Mauricio Macri held a meeting where", "title": "Argentina–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "433142", "score": "1.6261957", "text": "until the Suez crisis of 1956, and this embarrassing incident coupled with the loss of the empire left the UK's dominant role in global affairs to be gradually diminished. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom remains a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member of the G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, Council of Europe, OSCE, and the Commonwealth of Nations, which is a legacy of the British Empire. The UK has been a member state of the European Union (and a member of its predecessors) since 1973. However, due to the outcome of", "title": "Foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "7303710", "score": "1.6257541", "text": "the Pahlavi era. HIM the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi paid a state visit to the United Kingdom in May 1959. HM Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom paid a state visit to Iran in March 1961. The British forces began to withdraw from the Gulf in 1968. As part of this policy, in 1971, the then British government decided not to support the Shah and eventually, the patronage of the United Kingdom ended, and consequently, this role was filled by the US. On 30 April 1980, the Iranian Embassy in London was overtaken by six-man terrorist team", "title": "Iran–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "5016973", "score": "1.6248504", "text": "1956 a complete breakdown that represented the lowest point in the relations between the two countries since the 1920s. Through the US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement signed in 1958, the United States assisted the United Kingdom in their own development of a nuclear arsenal. The British, however, were financially unable to develop their own delivery systems for nuclear weapons. In April 1963, the Polaris Sales Agreement called for the U.S. to sell the UGM-27 Polaris ballistic missile for use in the Royal Navy's submarine fleet starting in 1968. The American containment policy called for military resistance to the expansion of communism,", "title": "United Kingdom–United States relations" }, { "id": "17947089", "score": "1.623699", "text": "Cambodia–United Kingdom relations Cambodia–United Kingdom relations refer to bilateral relations between the Cambodia and the United Kingdom. They established diplomatic relations in 1953, following Cambodia's independence from France. The UK was the first country to condemn the human rights record in Cambodia in 1978. The British embassy was opened in Phnom Penh in 1953 until March 1975, a month before the Khmer Rouge-takeover. It was reopened in 1991 following the signing of the Paris Peace Accords. Cambodia has an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is a significant contributor to the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. The UK", "title": "Cambodia–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "1401205", "score": "1.6185219", "text": "climate of fear, created by the régime's crushing of opposition voices since 2009, persists.\" The 30th anniversary of the beginning of the 1982 Falklands War was on 2 April 2012. On 29 March, before the Lord Mayor of London's banquet guests, namely the entire foreign diplomatic corps of more than 100 ambassadors, including Alicia Castro (Argentinian Ambassador), Hague said the UK was keen to deepen its relationship with Latin America—and reiterated Britain's commitment to the Falklands. He said: \"We are reversing Britain’s decline in Latin America, where we are opening a new Embassy in El Salvador. This determination to deepen", "title": "William Hague" }, { "id": "19682347", "score": "1.6141276", "text": "Commonwealth of Nations, an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. Britain finally turned its attention to the continent, joining the European Union. After 1945 Britain systematically reduced its overseas commitments. Practically all the colonies became independent. Britain reduced its involvements in the Middle east, with the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956 marking the end of its status as a superpower. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and traditional foes such as Germany, in the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market", "title": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "14827094", "score": "1.6140518", "text": "to the Commonwealth of Nations as a Commonwealth republic. Former UK Prime Minister David Cameron has condemned Margaret Thatcher's policy of constructive engagement, irking many older Conservative Party members. Since the end of apartheid, the two countries have enjoyed largely good relations. In 2010, the United Kingdom implemented visa restrictions on South Africans travelling to the country due to concerns about corruption within the South African Department of Home Affairs and the ease with which foreign nationals could get South African passports. This marked a turning point in bilateral relations between the two countries with relations cooling off since. In", "title": "South Africa–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "19682352", "score": "1.6135975", "text": "forces at an eventual cost of more than £12 billion (at 1996–97 prices). Thatcher's preference for defence ties with the US was demonstrated in the Westland affair of January 1986, when she acted with colleagues to allow the struggling helicopter manufacturer Westland to refuse a takeover offer from the Italian firm Agusta in favour of the management's preferred option, a link with Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation. Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine, who had supported the Agusta deal, resigned in protest. On 2 April 1982 the ruling military junta in Argentina ordered the invasion of the British-controlled Falkland Islands and South Georgia, triggering", "title": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "11606084", "score": "1.6130729", "text": "valid within the Bases areas, as regards purchasing and developing properties by European or third country nationals. Cyprus–United Kingdom relations Cypriot–British relations are foreign relations between Cyprus and the United Kingdom. Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, after 82 years of British control. The two countries now enjoy warm relations, however the continuing British sovereignty of the Akrotiri and Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas has continued to divide Cypriots. The two countries share membership of the European Union, the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations. The United Kingdom has a High Commission in Nicosia. From April", "title": "Cyprus–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "11606079", "score": "1.6114895", "text": "current Cypriot High Commissioner to the UK is Euripides L. Evriviades. Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1960, after 82 years of British control. The UK was also a signatory to a treaty with Greece and Turkey concerning the independence of Cyprus, the Treaty of Guarantee, which maintains that Britain is a \"guarantor power\" of the island's independence. For four years after Cypriot independence, the British government supported the Republic of Cyprus financially, under the 1960 Exchange of Notes on Financial Assistance to the Republic of Cyprus. Among other items, that Exchange of Notes provided for payment", "title": "Cyprus–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "14257970", "score": "1.6114117", "text": "Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations Kyrgyzstan – United Kingdom relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom recognised Kyrgyzstan on 20 January 1992 (following the dissolution of the Soviet Union) and diplomatic relations were established on 12 June 1992. The first Kyrgyz Ambassador to the UK arrived in September 1997. The Kyrgyz embassy is located in the Ascot House in Marylebone, London. From 1992 to 2012 the British Ambassador to Kazakhstan was also accredited to Kyrgyzstan. The British Embassy in Bishkek became operational in December 2011 and", "title": "Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations" }, { "id": "14602239", "score": "1.6104302", "text": "South Korea–United Kingdom relations The relationship between the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland spans from the 19th century to the present day. Although the Republic of Korea gives 18 January 1949 as the date of the establishment of formal relations with the United Kingdom, diplomatic ties go back to 1883. British military participation in the Korean War during the 1950s was significant, but relations between the two countries at the time were described as \"tenuous\", with relatively little known about each other. Commercial and trade relationships grew rapidly during the 1970s. During", "title": "South Korea–United Kingdom relations" } ]

[ "Eat it", "eat it", "Eat It" ]

[ { "id": "2033170", "score": "1.412072", "text": "a preferment (\"poolish\") to increase flavor complexity and other characteristics, as well as the addition of whole-wheat flour, or other grains such as rye. Baguettes are closely connected to France, though they are made around the world. In France, not all long loaves are baguettes; for example, a short, almost rugby ball-shaped loaf is a \"bâtard\" (literally, bastard), or a \"torpedo loaf\" in English; its origin is variously explained, but undocumented. Another tubular shaped loaf is known as a \"flûte\", also known in the United States as a \"parisienne\". Flûtes closely resemble baguettes and weigh more or less than these,", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033172", "score": "1.4074273", "text": "500 grams (17.5 ounces) and a ficelle 100 grams (3.5 ounces). Baguettes, either relatively short single-serving size or cut from a longer loaf, are very often used for sandwiches, usually of the submarine sandwich type, but also a Panini. They are often sliced and served with pâté or cheese. As part of the traditional continental breakfast in France, slices of baguette are spread with butter and jam and dunked in bowls of coffee or hot chocolate. In the United States, French bread loaves are sometimes split in half to make French bread pizza. Baguettes are generally made as partially free-form", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033169", "score": "1.3915439", "text": "employ workers at bread and pastry making between ten in the evening and four in the morning. The rest of the account remains to be verified, but the use of the word for a long thin bread does appear to be a 20th-century innovation. The \"baguette de tradition française\" is made from wheat flour, water, yeast, and common salt. It may contain up to 2% broad bean flour, up to 0.5% soya flour, and up to 0.3% wheat malt flour. While a regular baguette is made with a direct addition of baker's yeast, artisan-style loaves are not unusually made with", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033173", "score": "1.378497", "text": "loaves, with the loaf formed with a series of folding and rolling motions, raised in cloth-lined baskets or in rows on a flour-impregnated towel, called a couche, and baked either directly on the hearth of a deck oven or in special perforated pans designed to hold the shape of the baguette while allowing heat through the perforations. American-style \"French bread\" is generally much fatter and is not baked in deck ovens, but in convection ovens. Outside France, baguettes are also made with other doughs. For example, the Vietnamese \"bánh mì\" uses a high proportion of rice flour, while many North", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033174", "score": "1.3699152", "text": "American bakeries make whole wheat, multigrain, and sourdough baguettes alongside French-style loaves. In addition, even classical French-style recipes vary from place to place, with some recipes adding small amounts of milk, butter, sugar, or malt extract, depending on the desired flavour and properties in the final loaf. Baguette A baguette (; ) is a long, thin loaf of French bread that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by French law). It is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust. A baguette has a diameter of about 5 or 6 cm (2-2⅓", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Baguette\n\nA baguette (; ) is a long, thin type of bread of French origin that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by French law). It is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust.\n\nA baguette has a diameter of about and a usual length of about , although a baguette can be up to long.\n\nIn November 2018, documentation surrounding the \"craftsmanship and culture\" of making this bread was added to the French Ministry of Culture's National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In 2022, the artisanal know-how and culture of baguette bread was inscribed to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Bánh mì" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "File:Baguette 01.jpg" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Paris Baguette\n\nParis Baguette is a South Korean multinational chain of bakery-cafés, owned by the SPC Group and headquartered in Seoul. In 1986, it was established as a subsidiary of Shani Co., Ltd., and opened the first 'Paris Baguette' in Gwanghwamun, Seoul, and the first high-end bakery 'Paris Croissant' in Itaewon the following year, and the corporate name changed to the same as the brand name. \n\nIn 1988, the franchise brand, Paris Baguette grew into the No. 1 bakery in Korea in 2004, branching out to local subsidiaries in the United States, Vietnam, Singapore, etc. By establishing Paris Baguette it has become a global company.", "title": "Paris Baguette" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Baguette (bag)\n\nBaguettes are small, compact handbags, designed by Italian fashion company Fendi in 1997. Popularized on \"Sex and the City\" in the late 1990s and early 2000s, this product is often cited as the first it bag. With the Baguette, Fendi sparked the \"buy-a-bag-a-day habit\" by rapidly declining it into hundreds of different designs, selling more than a million units in 20 years.", "title": "Baguette (bag)" }, { "id": "2033166", "score": "1.3641999", "text": "made since the time of King Louis XIV, long thin ones since the mid-18th century, and by the 19th century, some were far longer than what is today sold as a baguette: \"... loaves of bread six feet long that look like crowbars!\" (Boswell, 1862); \"Housemaids were hurrying homewards with their purchases for various Gallic breakfasts, and the long sticks of bread, a yard or two in length, carried under their arms, made an odd impression upon me.\" (Elson, 1898) A less direct link can be made, however, with deck ovens, or steam ovens. Deck/steam ovens are a combination of", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033162", "score": "1.3402774", "text": "Baguette A baguette (; ) is a long, thin loaf of French bread that is commonly made from basic lean dough (the dough, though not the shape, is defined by French law). It is distinguishable by its length and crisp crust. A baguette has a diameter of about 5 or 6 cm (2-2⅓ in) and a usual length of about , although a baguette can be up to 1 m (39 in) long. No academic study has been written on the history of the baguette itself, as a type of bread. Thus, much of its history is speculative; however, some", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "19142543", "score": "1.3251054", "text": "Baguette (bag) The baguette is a small, compact handbag designed by Fendi in 1997. Made popular by its exposure on Sex and the City, the designer handbag was very popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s, often cited as the first \"It\" bag. The Baguette concept was for a small, streamlined bag, carried on a short strap, that could be adapted for different looks, colors and textures while still having a consistent aesthetic. It marked a contrast from many popular women's purses at the time, which were often large totes. Still relatively small and little-known, the Fendi Italian fashion", "title": "Baguette (bag)" }, { "id": "19142545", "score": "1.3213131", "text": "helped us dramatically in conveying Carrie’s decadence.\" While the bag was already growing in popularity, its prominence on the show led to the bag's extreme popularity, as well as helping to establish SATC as a fashion-oriented show. Baguette (bag) The baguette is a small, compact handbag designed by Fendi in 1997. Made popular by its exposure on Sex and the City, the designer handbag was very popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s, often cited as the first \"It\" bag. The Baguette concept was for a small, streamlined bag, carried on a short strap, that could be adapted for", "title": "Baguette (bag)" }, { "id": "2033167", "score": "1.3203716", "text": "a gas-fired traditional oven and a brick oven, a thick \"deck\" of stone or firebrick heated by natural gas instead of wood. The first steam oven was brought (in the early 19th century) to Paris by the Austrian officer August Zang, who also introduced Vienna bread (\"pain viennois\") and the croissant, and whom some French sources thus credit with originating the baguette. Deck ovens use steam injection, through various methods, to create the proper baguette. The oven is typically heated to well over . The steam allows the crust to expand before setting, thus creating a lighter, airier loaf. It", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033164", "score": "1.3004705", "text": "the Seine Department in August 1920: \"The baguette, having a minimum weight of 80 g and a maximum length of 40 cm, may not be sold for a price higher than 0.65 francs apiece\" While no one of these events is in itself definable as \"the invention of the baguette\", each of them, the shape, the flour, the fermentation, and the steam baking, contribute to what is today recognized as a \"baguette\". To summarize this history, the historian and author Jim Chevallier states that \"it seems most accurate to say that the bread which became known as the baguette first", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "2033168", "score": "1.290066", "text": "also melts the dextrose on the bread's surface, giving a slightly glazed effect. An unsourced article in \"The Economist\" states that in October 1920 a law prevented bakers from working before 4 am, making it impossible to make traditional round loaves in time for customers' breakfasts. Switching from the round loaf to the previously less-common, slender shape of the \"baguette\", the article claims, solved the problem, because it could be prepared and baked much more quickly. The law in question appears to be one from March 1919, though some say it took effect in October 1920: It is forbidden to", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "12788605", "score": "1.2838476", "text": "breads that are milled by women’s hands. French bread tends to be given more value in terms of taste and quality in that it was commonly associated to being more suitable to higher standards. However, the white inner parts of a baguette are thought to be unhealthy and will regularly be thrown away, and the bread is frequently associated to constipation. Algerian breads, on the other hand, are considered more nutritive, rich and tasteful and seldom go to waste. Because French breads harden over night or become chewy when put away in plastic bags, it is hard to find usage", "title": "Algerian cuisine" }, { "id": "11137874", "score": "1.2519045", "text": "serve them in a plastic or cardboard tray, with a small plastic fork. An order usually concludes with the question whether the fries need to be salted, and whether the order is to go, in which case it will be wrapped in sheets of paper that are punctured to let the hot air escape instead of condensing on the cold paper. A variation is to serve meat, fries, sauce and possibly salad in a half of a baguette and is known as a \"Mitraillette\". Alternatively, the same ensemble can be put into a Dürüm, although this practice is more common", "title": "Friterie" }, { "id": "2033163", "score": "1.2511892", "text": "facts can be established. Among these are the increased popularity of long, stick-like breads in France starting in the 18th century, the shift among French bakers to using \"\"gruau\"\", a highly refined Hungarian high-milled flour in the early 19th century, the introduction of Viennese steam oven baking to Paris in 1839 by August Zang, and the subsequent introduction of the Austrian compact yeast to Paris in 1867 at the Universal Exposition. Finally, there is the first use of the word \"baguette\" in print, to define a particular type of bread, in a set of laws enacted by the Prefecture of", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "11369081", "score": "1.2467928", "text": "Baguette (horse) Baguette was an Australian bred Thoroughbred racehorse that was undefeated as a two-year-old and became the first winner of the Two Year Old Triple Crown. His wins included 14 Principal Races and he retired to become a good sire. He was by the winner and good sire, Rego (IRE), his dam was the good broodmare, Dark Jewel by the outstanding sire, Star Kingdom (IRE) (pictured). Dark Jewel produced 10 named foals for five stakes winners including Baguette’s full sisters, Birthright (won VRC Maribyrnong Plate) and Heirloom (won VRC Maribyrnong Plate, dead-heated for first in VATC One Thousand Guineas).", "title": "Baguette (horse)" }, { "id": "2033171", "score": "1.2429762", "text": "depending on the region. A thinner loaf is called a \"ficelle\" (string). A short baguette is sometimes known as a \"baton\" (stick), or even referred to using the English translation \"French stick\". None of these are officially defined, either legally or, for instance, in major dictionaries, any more than the baguette. French breads are also made in forms such as a \"miche\", which is a large pan loaf, and a \"boule\", literally ball in French, a large round loaf. Sandwich-sized loaves are sometimes known as \"demi-baguettes\" or \"tiers\". In France a baguette must weigh 250 grams (8.75 ounces), a batard", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "19142544", "score": "1.2404971", "text": "brand agreed to lend the Baguette to HBO's \"Sex and the City\", which was still a relatively new show that was fast growing in popularity. Sarah Jessica Parker has credited Fendi's loan of the bag with being central in establishing the show and her character Carrie Bradshaw, saying \"Having Carrie wear the Baguette was a defining moment for us, and marked the beginning of everything. The timing was perfect for the story we were telling and the character I was playing; the Baguette was the perfect embellishment. Once Fendi loaned us items, everyone was more willing to do so, which", "title": "Baguette (bag)" }, { "id": "2033165", "score": "1.2358932", "text": "appeared in its most primitive form in the eighteenth century, then experienced a number of refinements and variations before being (officially) given that name in 1920.\" Although the word \"baguette\" was not used to refer to a type of bread until 1920, the word itself simply means \"wand\", \"baton\" or \"stick\", as in \"baguette magique\" (magic wand), \"baguettes chinoises\" (chopsticks), or \"baguette de direction\" (conductor's baton). Though the baguette today is often considered one of the symbols of French culture viewed from abroad, the association of France with long loaves predates any mention of it. Long, wide, loaves had been", "title": "Baguette" }, { "id": "139482", "score": "1.211339", "text": "introductory course, sometimes soup), \"plat principal\" (main course), and a cheese course or dessert, sometimes with a salad offered before the cheese or dessert. Yogurt may replace the cheese course, while a simple dessert would be fresh fruit. The meal is often accompanied by bread, wine and mineral water. Most of the time the bread would be a baguette which is very common in France and is made almost every day. Main meat courses are often served with vegetables, along with potatoes, rice or pasta. Restaurants often open at 7:30 pm for dinner, and stop taking orders between the hours", "title": "French cuisine" } ]

[ "Moses Sithole", "moses sithole" ]

[ { "id": "6607772", "score": "1.8879774", "text": "Bloemfontein. Moses Sithole Moses Sithole (born 17 November 1964) is a South African serial killer and rapist who committed the ABC Murders, so named because they began in Atteridgeville, continued in Boksburg and finished in Cleveland, a suburb of Johannesburg. From July 16, 1994 to November 6, 1995, Sithole murdered at least 38 people. Moses Sithole was born in 1964 in Vosloorus, a poor township near Boksburg, Transvaal Province (now Gauteng). When he was 5, his father died, and his mother abandoned the family. Sithole and his siblings spent the next three years in an orphanage, where he later said", "title": "Moses Sithole" }, { "id": "6607766", "score": "1.8768322", "text": "Moses Sithole Moses Sithole (born 17 November 1964) is a South African serial killer and rapist who committed the ABC Murders, so named because they began in Atteridgeville, continued in Boksburg and finished in Cleveland, a suburb of Johannesburg. From July 16, 1994 to November 6, 1995, Sithole murdered at least 38 people. Moses Sithole was born in 1964 in Vosloorus, a poor township near Boksburg, Transvaal Province (now Gauteng). When he was 5, his father died, and his mother abandoned the family. Sithole and his siblings spent the next three years in an orphanage, where he later said they", "title": "Moses Sithole" }, { "id": "14449774", "score": "1.8073294", "text": "Norman Afzal Simons Norman Avzal Simons (born 12 January 1967), also known as the \"Station Strangler\", is a South African rapist and serial killer who was convicted in 1995 on one count of murder and one count of kidnapping Elroy van Rooy, age 10. He was sentenced to 35 years (25 for murder and 10 for kidnapping) in prison. Simons was an intelligent individual, playing classical music and capable of speaking seven languages including English, Afrikaans, Xhosa and French. He was employed as a Grade 5 teacher at Alpine Primary School in Beacon Valley, Mitchell's Plain. Simons' victims were all", "title": "Norman Afzal Simons" }, { "id": "14458170", "score": "1.7756548", "text": "of South African psychologist and criminal profiler Micki Pistorius. Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode is a South African rapist and serial killer who was convicted in 1995 on eight counts of murder, 5 counts of rape, 5 counts of attempted murder and 2 counts of indecent assault. Zikode is, however, considered responsible for at least 18 murders and 11 attempted murders. Zikode terrorised the small, rural South African town of Donnybrook, KwaZulu-Natal. Over the course of two years, Zikode attacked households as well as single women traversing rural terrain. His typical modus operandi was to force entry into a", "title": "Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode" }, { "id": "11065504", "score": "1.7718323", "text": "Gert van Rooyen Cornelius Gerhardus van Rooyen (1938 – January 15, 1990), better known as Gert van Rooyen, was a South African paedophile and serial killer, who allegedly killed at least six young girls between 1988 and 1989. Van Rooyen and his female accomplice, Joey Haarhoff, are believed to be responsible for the abduction, sexual assault and murder of several missing girls, aged between nine and sixteen-years-old, across eastern South Africa. In early 1990, when faced with arrest after the escape of their latest kidnap victim, Van Rooyen killed Haarhoff before committing suicide. Despite later evidence against them, the two", "title": "Gert van Rooyen" }, { "id": "14457986", "score": "1.7665386", "text": "survived Mashiane's attention. Johannes Mashiane Johannes Mashiane AKA \"The Beast of Atteridgeville\" is a South African rapist and serial killer who accounted for 13 victims before committing suicide in 1989. Mashiane was being chased by police in the Pretoria suburb of Marabastad when he jumped underneath a bus. Mashiane started his murderous activity circa 1977 by killing his girlfriend. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and was released in 1982. After being released, he immediately started his spate of murder and sodomy accounting for the deaths of at least 12 young boys by strangulation or stoning. One victim is", "title": "Johannes Mashiane" }, { "id": "14457985", "score": "1.7644496", "text": "Johannes Mashiane Johannes Mashiane AKA \"The Beast of Atteridgeville\" is a South African rapist and serial killer who accounted for 13 victims before committing suicide in 1989. Mashiane was being chased by police in the Pretoria suburb of Marabastad when he jumped underneath a bus. Mashiane started his murderous activity circa 1977 by killing his girlfriend. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and was released in 1982. After being released, he immediately started his spate of murder and sodomy accounting for the deaths of at least 12 young boys by strangulation or stoning. One victim is known to have", "title": "Johannes Mashiane" }, { "id": "4250180", "score": "1.7586098", "text": "the FBI in 1990 and authored a number of books about serial murder. He actively gave lectures to students and police forces on the subject of criminology and in 1993, was brought in to London to assist in the investigation into the murders committed by Colin Ireland. In 1995, Ressler met South African profiler Micki Pistorius at a conference in Scotland and she invited him to review her investigation of the \"ABC Murders\", so-called because of their location in the Johannesburg suburbs of Atteridgeville, Boksburg, and Cleveland. A man named David Selepe had died in police custody while being investigated", "title": "Robert Ressler" }, { "id": "11065515", "score": "1.7533238", "text": "the bones were human. Gert van Rooyen Cornelius Gerhardus van Rooyen (1938 – January 15, 1990), better known as Gert van Rooyen, was a South African paedophile and serial killer, who allegedly killed at least six young girls between 1988 and 1989. Van Rooyen and his female accomplice, Joey Haarhoff, are believed to be responsible for the abduction, sexual assault and murder of several missing girls, aged between nine and sixteen-years-old, across eastern South Africa. In early 1990, when faced with arrest after the escape of their latest kidnap victim, Van Rooyen killed Haarhoff before committing suicide. Despite later evidence", "title": "Gert van Rooyen" }, { "id": "14449778", "score": "1.7233748", "text": "the name Avzal, but converted back to Christianity in 1994. Norman Afzal Simons Norman Avzal Simons (born 12 January 1967), also known as the \"Station Strangler\", is a South African rapist and serial killer who was convicted in 1995 on one count of murder and one count of kidnapping Elroy van Rooy, age 10. He was sentenced to 35 years (25 for murder and 10 for kidnapping) in prison. Simons was an intelligent individual, playing classical music and capable of speaking seven languages including English, Afrikaans, Xhosa and French. He was employed as a Grade 5 teacher at Alpine Primary", "title": "Norman Afzal Simons" }, { "id": "14458168", "score": "1.7180852", "text": "Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode is a South African rapist and serial killer who was convicted in 1995 on eight counts of murder, 5 counts of rape, 5 counts of attempted murder and 2 counts of indecent assault. Zikode is, however, considered responsible for at least 18 murders and 11 attempted murders. Zikode terrorised the small, rural South African town of Donnybrook, KwaZulu-Natal. Over the course of two years, Zikode attacked households as well as single women traversing rural terrain. His typical modus operandi was to force entry into a household and shoot all male members of the family.", "title": "Christopher Mhlengwa Zikode" }, { "id": "8399751", "score": "1.7165029", "text": "Cedric Maake Maoupa Cedric Maake (born 1965) (also known as the Wemmer Pan Killer) is a South African serial killer. He committed at least 27 murders throughout 1996 and 1997. Maake is known as the \"Wemmer Pan Killer\" because it was in this area of Johannesburg that he targeted most of his victims, beginning in April 1996. At first the Brixton Murder and Robbery Unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS), the unit primarily responsible for investigation of serial killers in the Johannesburg Police Area, did not link his crimes together, believing that they were the work of two", "title": "Cedric Maake" }, { "id": "14422830", "score": "1.7024393", "text": "of his victims. Stewart Wilken Stewart Wilken AKA \"Boetie Boer\" (born 11 November 1966) is a convicted serial killer from South Africa. Wilken is regarded as a highly unusual serial killer, having killed individuals from two distinct victim types: female prostitutes and young boys (he also killed his adolescent daughter, Wuane). Wilken killed from 1990 until he was arrested in January 1997. He was active in Port Elizabeth, on the east coast of South Africa. Wilken was charged with 10 counts of murder and 5 counts of sodomy on 3 February 1997. He was convicted of 7 counts of murder", "title": "Stewart Wilken" }, { "id": "13708297", "score": "1.6973155", "text": "committed over a four-year period from 2004 to 2008 around the town of Modimolle in the Limpopo province. Randitsheni was found hanging in his prison cell from an apparent suicide shortly after commencing his sentence. David Randitsheni David Randitsheni (born 1964/5, died 2009) was a South African rapist and serial killer who in 2009 was convicted on 10 counts of murder, 17 counts of rape and 18 counts of kidnapping and one count of indecent assault. He was sentenced to 16 life sentences and 220 years in prison with the judge stipulating that he could not be considered for parole", "title": "David Randitsheni" }, { "id": "20684682", "score": "1.693826", "text": "Louis van Schoor Sybrand Jacobus Lodewikus \"Louis\" van Schoor is a South African serial killer, former policeman and security guard who committed murders between 1986 and 1989. He was convicted of seven murders and two assassinations. However, he told a reporter that he has killed more than 100 people. Van Schoor was hired as a security guard after he had served as a police officer. He would react to the silent alarm when it was triggered in businesses he monitored and to dispatch of the intruders with his 9mm pistol immediately. Most of his victims were black men and so", "title": "Louis van Schoor" }, { "id": "14457800", "score": "1.6896776", "text": "Elifasi Msomi Elifasi Msomi a.k.a. The Axe Killer was a South African serial killer who was convicted in 1955 of 15 murders and sentenced to death by hanging. His victims all came from the Umkomaas and Umzimkulu valleys of KwaZulu-Natal. A Zulu man, Msomi was an unsuccessful young sangoma (shaman). Seeking professional assistance, he consulted with another sangoma. Msomi claims that during this exchange he was co-opted by an evil spirit, a tokoloshe. In August 1953, under the instruction of the tokoloshe, Msomi began an 18-month killing spree in the southern KwaZulu-Natal valleys of South Africa. Msomi initially raped and", "title": "Elifasi Msomi" }, { "id": "8239479", "score": "1.6787009", "text": "them, before burying them around the coastal areas of South Carolina. In 1973, he committed one of his more gruesome murders when he raped and murdered two of his neighbors: Doreen Dempsey, aged 23 and eight months pregnant, and her two-year-old daughter. Nobody suspected that Gaskins was a sadistic serial killer, but there were some who knew that he was prepared to commit murder for a reasonable reward. In February 1975, a woman named Suzanne Kipper Owens hired Gaskins to kill her boyfriend, Silas Barnwell Yates. In order to cover up the murder, Gaskins ended up killing four more times.", "title": "Donald Henry Gaskins" }, { "id": "20684709", "score": "1.6688751", "text": "Pierre Basson Pierre Corneille Faculys Basson (born 1880 - January 22, 1906) was South Africa's first documented serial killer. He killed and buried at least nine people in his backyard in Claremont, Cape Town, so he could later claim their life insurance. When police officers arrived at his house, he shot himself. Basson was born in 1880 and is guilty of cruel acts at an early age. When he was 12, he hit a boy with a knife and enjoyed watching animals suffer. Among other things, he enjoyed catching and killing birds. He also cut down cats' legs to see", "title": "Pierre Basson" }, { "id": "17281971", "score": "1.6685127", "text": "van Blerk were convicted of the murder. The judge rejected their defence that they were acting involuntarily under the influence of demons. Angelique Orso received an 11-year prison sentence and van Blerk received an 8-year prison sentence. In December 1994 Alison Botha was abducted, raped, stabbed and disembowelled by Frans du Toit and Theuns Kruger in Port Elizabeth. She miraculously survived the attack. Her attackers were described as \"Satanists\" in the media. Du Toit said he was possessed by a demon and underwent an \"exorcism\" in June 1995 which was publicised. Kobus Jonker testified he did not believe he was", "title": "Satanic panic (South Africa)" }, { "id": "5032918", "score": "1.6684136", "text": "a confession. Although this continued for several years, the suspect maintained his innocence and appears to have intact alibis. The police declared late 2008 that he was \"no longer a person of interest\". It was reported that police also investigated whether Bradley John Murdoch, the convicted killer of British tourist Peter Falconio may have been involved, although Murdoch was serving a custodial sentence from November 1995 until February 1997. One of the tactics used by the Macro Task-force was the distribution of questionnaires to \"persons of interest\", including various confrontational enquiries such as \"Are you the killer?\" The utility of", "title": "Claremont serial murders" } ]

[ "battle of marne", "The Battle Of The Marne", "Battle of the Marne (disambiguation)", "marne battle of", "battles of marne", "battle of marne disambiguation", "Battle Of The Marne", "Battle of Marne", "Battles of the Marne (disambiguation)", "battles of marne disambiguation", "Marne, Battle of the", "Battle of the Marne", "Battle of the marne", "Battles of the Marne" ]

[ { "id": "4298570", "score": "1.83306", "text": "the failed attack on Hartmannswillerkopf and its subsequent total loss. In Clayton's view, Gallieni may well have been sceptical of Joffre's plans for a massive Anglo-French offensive on the Somme, to be accompanied by Italian and Russian offensives, as floated at the Chantilly meeting in 6–8 December 1915. There was also friction over Gallieni's assertion of his right to appoint generals, Joffre's practice of communicating directly with the British generals rather than going through the War Ministry, and Gallieni's maintaining contacts with generals whom Joffre had replaced. In autumn 1915 Lt-Colonel Driant, a member of the Chamber of Deputies and", "title": "Joseph Gallieni" }, { "id": "2553002", "score": "1.8005807", "text": "Most controversially, on 28 August, Moltke sent two corps and a cavalry division to reinforce Ludendorff and Hindenburg, just before the epic victory at the Battle of Tannenberg. The series of moves has been viewed by some historians as responsible for much of the strategic failure of the Schlieffen Plan as enacted in 1914. A number of historians, notably Zuber and S. L. A. Marshall, contend that the failure of Alexander von Kluck's 1st Army to keep position with Karl von Bülow's 2nd Army, thus creating a gap near Paris that was exploited by the French, is a more direct", "title": "Helmuth von Moltke the Younger" }, { "id": "1469101", "score": "1.7628856", "text": "Gallieni. During the critical period of 6 to 7 September von Moltke issued no orders to either von Kluck or Bülow, and received no reports from them between 7 and 9 September. On 7 September 1914, General Gallieni gathered about six hundred taxicabs at Les Invalides in central Paris to carry soldiers to the front at Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, fifty kilometres away. Each taxi carried five soldiers, four in the back and one next to the driver. Only the back lights of the taxis were lit; the drivers were instructed to follow the lights of the taxi ahead. Most of the taxis", "title": "First Battle of the Marne" }, { "id": "4298562", "score": "1.7407678", "text": "First and Second Armies, began to pull back on 9 September, giving the Allies a strategic victory in the Battle of the Marne. When the German warships \"Goeben\" and \"Breslau\" went to Constantinople, Gallieni proposed attacking the Turkish straits. By early December 1914 some of Gallieni's supporters were suggesting that he be appointed Commander-in-Chief in Joffre's place, or be made Minister of War, or both. Gallieni was an early supporter of some kind of expeditionary force to the Balkans. Early in 1915 Gallieni supported the proposal of Franchet d’Esperey and Aristide Briand (Justice Minister) for an expedition to Salonika, which", "title": "Joseph Gallieni" }, { "id": "9601569", "score": "1.7372036", "text": "Force (BEF). Sir John French commanded two corps which were placed under Sir Douglas Haig and Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, [Sir James Grierson having tragically collapsed and died shortly after his arrival in France]. They engaged Von Kluck's First German Army on its sweep through Belgium, in its attempt to encircle the Anglo-French forces. Their limited numbers were compensated by the professionalism of the BEF which withstood two weeks of intense fighting in its 'Retreat from Mons', holding off much larger, but conscripted, German forces. This allowed an orderly Allied retreat before their counter-attack at the Aisne and the Marne which", "title": "Army Manoeuvres of 1913" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "First Battle of the Marne\n\nThe First Battle of the Marne was a battle of the First World War fought from 5 to 12 September 1914. It was fought in a collection of skirmishes around the Marne River Valley. It resulted in an Entente victory against the German armies in the west. The battle was the culmination of the Retreat from Mons and pursuit of the Franco-British armies which followed the Battle of the Frontiers in August and reached the eastern outskirts of Paris.\n\nField Marshal Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), began to plan for a full British retreat to port cities on the English Channel for an immediate evacuation. The military governor of Paris, Joseph Simon Gallieni, wanted the Franco–British units to counter-attack the Germans along the Marne River and halt the German advance. Entente reserves would restore the ranks and attack the German flanks. On 5 September, the counter-offensive by six French armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) began.\n\nBy 9 September, the success of the Franco–British counteroffensive left the German 1st and 2nd Armies at risk of encirclement, and they were ordered to retreat to the Aisne River. The retreating armies were pursued by the French and British. The German armies ceased their retreat after on a line north of the Aisne River, where they dug in on the heights and fought the First Battle of the Aisne.\n\nThe German retreat from 9 to 13 September marked the end of the attempt to defeat France by crushing the French armies with an invasion from the north through Belgium and in the south over the common border. Both sides commenced reciprocal operations to envelop the northern flank of their opponent, in what became known as the Race to the Sea which culminated in the First Battle of Ypres.", "title": "First Battle of the Marne" }, { "id": "6023180", "score": "1.7261972", "text": "if the Germans continued to push south south east Maunoury might best operate on the north bank of the Marne. Von Kluck was probing into the gap between the BEF and French Fifth Army, a gap covered only by Conneau's cavalry corps. At 09:10 on 4 September Gallieni, following air reconnaissance reports and concerned that a continued French retreat would leave Paris uncovered and vulnerable to German attack, ordered Maunoury to be ready to strike east to take von Kluck in flank. Joffre, who was not consulted in advance but who had separately reached the same conclusion, approved the order,", "title": "Michel-Joseph Maunoury" }, { "id": "3354310", "score": "1.7248063", "text": "Bapaume and Vimy Ridge with two armies and the French with three armies from the Somme to Noyon. The attacks were to be made on the broadest possible fronts and advance deep enough to threaten German artillery positions. When Marshal Joseph Joffre was superseded by General Robert Nivelle, the \"Chantilly strategy\" was altered. The French returned to a policy of decisive battle, with a breakthrough to be achieved within leading to the \"total destruction of active enemy forces by manoeuvre and battle\". Successive attacks in a methodical battle were dropped and continuous thrusts were substituted, to deprive the Germans of", "title": "Hindenburg Line" }, { "id": "1469094", "score": "1.7139325", "text": "day he arrived personally at British command to talk to French in person. This ended with Joffre banging his hand dramatically on a table while shouting \"Monsieur le Marechal, the honour of England is at stake!\" Following this meeting French agreed to the operational plan to commence the following day. The circumstances had already shifted in favor of the Entente. The Germans failures to rout the French during the battles of the Great Retreat followed by von Moltke's decision to strip the right wing of corps to reinforce the attacks in the Ardennes meant that the German First and Second", "title": "First Battle of the Marne" }, { "id": "18534178", "score": "1.7126989", "text": "and northeastern France remained in German hands throughout the war. Marshals Joseph Joffre (1852–1931) and Douglas Haig (1861–1928) believed that attrition would win the war by wearing down the German reserves in multiple massive assaults. German general Erich von Falkenhayn (1861–1922) was outnumbered and focused on defense. Both sides failed to realize the stultifying effect of trench warfare on morale and the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives in futile attempts to win a \"decisive battle.\" After Socialist leader Jean Jaurès. a pacifist, was assassinated at the start of the war, the French socialist movement abandoned its antimilitarist positions", "title": "History of French foreign relations" }, { "id": "1528885", "score": "1.7113168", "text": "junior at that stage—Petain and Nivelle), and his outstanding logistical handling of French infantry divisional movements and artillery ammunition supplies during and after the French retreat of August 1914. Doughty writes of the Marne: \"Gallieni's role was important, but the key concept and decisions lay with Joffre.\" Joffre recovered from the initial disastrous attacks into Lorraine and the Ardennes and redeployed forces to the west. He kept his cool when the initial attempt to have Maunoury envelop the German west flank at Amiens failed, requiring a retreat on Paris. While the Battle of the Marne was going on, he handled", "title": "Joseph Joffre" }, { "id": "10603422", "score": "1.7112267", "text": "military leaders drew back.In 1905, when the Morocco affair was roiling international politics, chief of the General staff Alfred von Schlieffen and called for a preventive war against France. At a critical point in the July crisis of 1914, Helmuth von Moltke, the chief of staff, without telling the Emperor or chancellor, advised his counterpart in Austria to mobilize against Russia at once. During the First World War. Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg increasingly set foreign policy, working directly with the Emperor-- and indeed shaped his decision-making-- leaving the chancellor and civilian officials in the dark. Historian Gordon A. Craig", "title": "German Army (German Empire)" }, { "id": "1528852", "score": "1.7052716", "text": "of the battle, Alexander von Kluck's German First Army broke off its attacks on Maunoury's Sixth Army and swung south-east, inside of Paris. Messimy, the war minister, ordered Joffre to provide three active corps to defend Paris on 25 August, but Joffre, regarding this as interference with strategy, ignored him. On 26 August René Viviani formed a new government (the \"Union sacrée\"), and on 27 August the new war minister, Alexandre Millerand, who had replaced Messimy largely because of the poor state of the Paris defences, visited Joffre. The general promised to provide the three corps for Paris if Maunoury's", "title": "Joseph Joffre" }, { "id": "4298559", "score": "1.705211", "text": "at which the British were advancing into the gap between the German First and Second Armies, Gallieni sent Lartigue's 8th Infantry Division to the BEF's \"right\" flank to keep contact between the BEF and Franchet d’Esperey's Fifth Army (the French and British generals of 1914 were extremely concerned at the prospect of armies being encircled and besieged, after what had happened to the French Armies at Sedan and Metz in 1870). Joffre, concerned that Gallieni might arouse Sir John's “touchiness,” sent a telegram to Lord Kitchener (British War Secretary) thanking him for Sir John's efforts. It was Gallieni's decision to", "title": "Joseph Gallieni" }, { "id": "1528860", "score": "1.703407", "text": "sacked so many generals, leaving Gallieni his only serious rival. By early December 1914 Gallieni was being mooted as a potential commander-in-chief in Joffre's place, or minister of war, or both. On 7 January 1915, over Joffre's opposition, President Poincaré came out in favour of the proposal of Franchet d'Espèrey, Gallieni and justice minister Aristide Briand for an expedition to Salonika, which he hoped would detach first Turkey then Austria-Hungary, leaving Germany \"doomed.\" Joffre fought a further major offensive in the Artois in spring 1915. He told Wilson (23 March) that \"by the end of Apr[il] he would be in", "title": "Joseph Joffre" }, { "id": "19504004", "score": "1.6998799", "text": "Valenciennes to Maubeuge, although for financial reasons these took until 1914 to complete. The French had suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Lorraine and were retreating in disorder. The situation left Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Chief of the General Staff of the German army, with a difficult choice. The apparent collapse of the French Second Army made possible a breakthrough at the Trouée de Charmes and the encirclement of all French troops in Lorraine and the Ardennes. Moltke decided to pursue the French and to break through the trouée. He maintained the left wing at its", "title": "Battle of the Trouée de Charmes" }, { "id": "13336834", "score": "1.6968048", "text": "between Arras and Albert. It was fought between July 1 and November 18 and involved over 2 million men. The French suffered 200,000 casualties. Little territory was gained, only at the deepest points. The Battle of the Frontiers consisted of five offensives, commanded and planned by French Commander-in-Chief Joseph Joffre and German Chief-of-Staff Helmuth von Moltke. It was fought in August 1914. These five offensives, Mulhouse, Lorraine, Ardennes, Charleroi, and Mons, were launched almost simultaneously. They were the result of the French Plan XVII and the German plans colliding. The Battle of Mulhouse, on August 7–10, 1914, was envisioned by", "title": "French Army in World War I" }, { "id": "1844872", "score": "1.6964645", "text": "and Smith-Dorrien's Second Army (II and III Corps and 27th Division), effective 25 December. Allenby's Cavalry Corps and Rimington's Indian Cavalry Corps continued to report directly to French. At the Chantilly Conference (27 December 1914) French agreed with Joffre that the British Cabinet was mad. They discussed the relative merits of shrapnel and high-explosive shell, and events on the Eastern Front. Joffre told Sir John of his plans for twin offensives at Arras and Rheims in 1915, the former offensive to be assisted by the BEF, and then a further thrust towards the Rhine from Verdun and Nancy. He agreed", "title": "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres" }, { "id": "6023192", "score": "1.6952758", "text": "its right. All these armies fired diversionary barrages before the offensives in the Argonne, Lorraine and the Vosges. Sixth Army also launched a diversionary offensive north of Soissons and the Aisne, into solid defensive ground where the Germans had halted their retreat in September 1914, commanded by Joffre's former staff officer Henri Berthelot. By 14 January German counterattacks had pushed the French back behind their initial start lines, capturing almost as many French prisoners (5,200) as the Germans suffered casualties (5,529 German casualties, as opposed to 12,411 French killed, wounded and missing, 40% of the effective French troops employed). This", "title": "Michel-Joseph Maunoury" }, { "id": "4507828", "score": "1.6935425", "text": "Army intended to take the strongly defended town of Sarrebourg. Bavarian Crown Prince Rupprecht, commander of the German Sixth Army, was tasked with stopping the French invasion. The French attack was repulsed by Rupprecht and his stratagem of pretending to retreat and then strongly attacking back. On 20 August Rupprecht launched a major counter-offensive, driving the French armies out. Dubail was replaced in 1915. A frantic 1916 saw four different commanders command the First Army; an even more frantic 1917 saw five different commanders at the helm (including François Anthoine during the Battle of Passchendaele). By the time of Passchendaele,", "title": "1st Army (France)" }, { "id": "9458883", "score": "1.6914003", "text": "the Sixth Army under Maunoury), realized that \"the columns of Kluck spin to the south-east [... ]. There can be no question of a serious attack to Paris. \"The hope was reborn in the French camp, reinforced by consistent reports of the British Expeditionary Force aircraft. In the hours following, airmen meticulously locate the different Imperial German Army corps. A gap formed between the First Army (Von Kluck) and Second Army (von Bülow). Reports were submitted to Joffre, who decides to take without further delay of this possibility. On 6 September 1914, the First Battle of the Marne began, and", "title": "French Army Light Aviation" } ]

[ "Chrystie Crownover", "Caitlin Jenner", "Caitlyn Jenner", "bruce jenner", "chrystie scott", "kaitlin jenner", "chrystie jenner", "Kaitlin Jenner", "transition of bruce jenner", "kim howe", "gender transition of caitlyn jenner", "kaitlyn jenner", "Chrystie Scott", "Bruce Jenner", "william bruce jenner", "transition of caitlyn jenner", "cait jenner", "chrystie crownover", "William Bruce Jenner", "Kaitlyn Jenner", "Caitlyn Marie Jenner", "caitlyn marie jenner", "caitlin jenner", "Transition of Bruce Jenner", "Bruce jenner", "caitlyn jenner", "Kim Howe", "Chrystie Jenner", "Transition of Caitlyn Jenner", "Gender transition of Caitlyn Jenner", "Cait Jenner" ]

[ { "id": "11028930", "score": "2.0937958", "text": "when he defended O. J. Simpson for the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman during the O.J. Simpson trial. In 1991, Kris married retired Olympic decathlon champion Caitlyn Jenner (born 1949; formerly known as Bruce Jenner before undergoing a gender transition in 2015). Kris and Caitlyn had two daughters together, Kendall (born 1995) and Kylie (born 1997). Robert died in 2003, eight weeks after being diagnosed with esophageal cancer. The Kardashian sisters began appearing in the media spotlight more often. In 2004, Kim became a personal stylist for recording artist Brandy Norwood. She eventually developed into a full-time", "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" }, { "id": "3373995", "score": "1.96702", "text": "later starred on the reality show \"The Princes of Malibu\", and Brody appeared in the reality show \"The Hills\". On April 21, 1991, Jenner married Kris Kardashian ( Houghton) after five months of dating. They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie Jenner. While married, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's children from her previous marriageKourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robertwho star in \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". The couple announced their separation in October 2013, though they had actually separated in June. Kris filed for divorce in September 2014 citing irreconcilable differences. Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014", "title": "Caitlyn Jenner" }, { "id": "11934804", "score": "1.9545119", "text": "Chyna\" (2016) and \"Life of Kylie\" (2017) Jenner's first marriage was to lawyer Robert Kardashian (who later became widely known for his early legal representation of O. J. Simpson) on July 8, 1978. They have four children: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), Khloé (born 1984), and son Rob (born 1987). They divorced in March 1991, but remained close friends until his death from esophageal cancer in 2003. In 2012, Kris confessed that she had an affair with former soccer player and animator Todd Waterman during her marriage to Kardashian. She referred to Waterman as \"Ryan\" in her autobiography,", "title": "Kris Jenner" }, { "id": "11934805", "score": "1.94589", "text": "but he revealed his identity on his own. They had an encounter on \"Keeping up with the Kardashians\" while Kris was having a tennis lesson. In April 1991, one month after her divorce from Kardashian, Jenner married her second spouse, retired Olympian Bruce Jenner, who publicly came out as a transgender woman in 2015, taking the name Caitlyn. They have two daughters together: Kendall (born 1995) and Kylie (born 1997); in her autobiography, Jenner explained that she named her daughter Kendall Nicole after the late Nicole Brown Simpson. By marriage to Bruce, Kris also had four stepchildren: Burt, Cassandra \"Casey\",", "title": "Kris Jenner" }, { "id": "11028929", "score": "1.9332011", "text": "to the creation of numerous spin-off series, including: \"Kourtney and Kim Take Miami\", \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\", \"Khloé & Lamar\", \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\", \"Dash Dolls\", \"Rob & Chyna\", and \"Life of Kylie\". The network has also broadcast several television specials featuring special events involving members of the family and friends. Robert Kardashian (19442003) and Kristen Mary \"Kris\" Houghton (born 1955) married in 1978, and had four children together: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), and Khloé (born 1984), and son Rob (born 1987). The couple divorced in 1991. In 1994, Robert rose to prominence", "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" }, { "id": "11934799", "score": "1.9206784", "text": "Kris Jenner Kristen Mary Jenner (née Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American television personality, entertainment manager, producer, businesswoman, and author. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" (2007–present). She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist, Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie. Jenner was born in San Diego, California. She is the first child of Mary Jo Shannon (née Campbell; born 1934)", "title": "Kris Jenner" }, { "id": "12488677", "score": "1.9084611", "text": "internationally launched the 'Kardashian Kollection' in England, as well as launching a line of cosmetics, 'Khroma Beauty'. In 2000, 19-year-old Kardashian eloped with music producer Damon Thomas. Thomas filed for divorce in 2003. Kardashian later blamed their separation on physical and emotional abuse on his part, and said she was high on ecstasy during the ceremony. Prior to the completion of her divorce, Kardashian began dating singer Ray J. In May 2011, Kardashian became engaged to NBA player Kris Humphries, then of the New Jersey Nets, whom she had been dating since October 2010. They were married in a wedding", "title": "Kim Kardashian" }, { "id": "12488655", "score": "1.9083089", "text": "again that year, to Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn Jenner), the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton \"Burt\", Brandon, and Brody; step-sister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. She attended Marymount High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles. In 1994, her father represented football player O. J. Simpson during his murder trial. Simpson is Kardashian's godfather. Kardashian's father died in 2003 of cancer. In her 20s, Kardashian was the close friend and stylist of socialite Paris Hilton, through whom she first garnered media attention. In February 2007, a sex tape made", "title": "Kim Kardashian" }, { "id": "5647557", "score": "1.9011048", "text": "one steal and one block in 22 minutes off the bench. On July 15, 2016, Humphries re-signed with the Hawks. On September 25, 2017, Humphries signed with the Philadelphia 76ers but was waived on October 14, 2017, as one of the final roster cuts. Humphries began dating reality TV personality Kim Kardashian in October 2010. They became engaged in May 2011, and married on August 20, 2011. A two-part TV special showing the preparations and the wedding itself aired on E! in early October 2011, amidst what \"The Washington Post\" called a \"media blitz\" related to the wedding. On October", "title": "Kris Humphries" }, { "id": "11028940", "score": "1.8921937", "text": "week. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her first marriage to deceased attorney Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob. Kris' children Kendall and Kylie from her subsequent marriage to American athlete Caitlyn (formerly Bruce) Jenner have also been featured on the show since its beginning, along with Jenner's son Brody from another marriage, although he appeared very few times during the early seasons, mostly being called by his step-brother Rob to babysit their half-sisters Kylie and Kendall. Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick has also been appearing frequently on", "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" }, { "id": "11905528", "score": "1.885961", "text": "Khloé Kardashian Khloé Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American television personality, socialite, model, businesswoman, and entrepreneur. Since 2007, she has starred with her family in the reality television series, \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\". Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs, including \"Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami\" (2009–2013) and \"Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons\" (2014–2015). From September 2009 to October 2016, she was married to basketball player Lamar Odom, whom she married one month after they first met. They starred in their own reality television series, \"Khloé & Lamar\" (2011–2012). In 2009, Kardashian participated", "title": "Khloé Kardashian" }, { "id": "3373968", "score": "1.8672392", "text": "starred in the E! reality series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\" along with wife Kris Jenner, stepchildren Kourtney, Kimberley, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian (from Kris's marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian), and daughters Kylie and Kendall. In 2011, Jenner appeared in the Adam Sandler comedy \"Jack and Jill\" in a scene with Al Pacino as an actor in a play. Like \"Can't Stop the Music\", the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture and swept every Razzie category. In September 2016, Jenner appeared as herself on the Amazon Prime TV series \"Transparent\" in a dream sequence during the season", "title": "Caitlyn Jenner" }, { "id": "2178838", "score": "1.8655033", "text": "CEO of the firm and later invested in Juice Inc., a frozen yogurt company, and in a music video business called Concert Cinema. Robert Kardashian dated Priscilla Presley from 1975 to 1976. He had four children with his first wife, Kris Kardashian (née Houghton, subsequently Jenner): Kourtney, Kimberly, Khloé, and Rob. The couple separated and divorced in 1991. Shortly after separating from his first wife in 1991, Kardashian became engaged to Denice Shakarian Halicki, widow of movie producer H.B. Halicki. The couple never married. In 1998, Kardashian married Jan Ashley; however, the marriage ended in annulment 30 days later. Ashley", "title": "Robert Kardashian" }, { "id": "11905530", "score": "1.859508", "text": "docu-series \"Revenge Body with Khloé Kardashian\". Khloé Alexandra Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California on June 27, 1984 to Kris (née Houghton), a homemaker, and Robert, an attorney. She has two older sisters, Kourtney and Kim, and a younger brother, Rob. Their mother is of Dutch, English, Irish and Scottish ancestry, while their father was a third-generation Armenian American. After their parents divorced in 1991, Houghton married 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce) in 1991. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained stepbrothers Burton \"Burt\", Brandon, and Brody; stepsister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie. In 1994, her", "title": "Khloé Kardashian" }, { "id": "12962060", "score": "1.8534261", "text": "Khloé, and Rob; and his half-sisters, Kendall and Kylie Jenner. Jenner was born in Los Angeles, California, on August 21, 1983, to reality television personality and retired Olympics champion Caitlyn Jenner (formerly Bruce Jenner) and actress Linda Thompson. He is the half-brother to Burton \"Burt\" and Cassandra \"Casey\" Jenner through Caitlyn's marriage to Chrystie Crownover, which lasted from 1972 until 1981. Jenner is the younger brother of Brandon Jenner, also a reality-television personality. After Jenner's parents divorced in 1985, Caitlyn Jenner married Kris Kardashian, the ex-wife of attorney Robert Kardashian, in 1991. Consequently, Jenner became a stepbrother of Kourtney, Kim,", "title": "Brody Jenner" }, { "id": "12962061", "score": "1.8520694", "text": "Khloé, and Rob Kardashian. Kris gave birth to his half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner in 1995 and 1997. Also in 1991, Thompson remarried to composer and record producer David Foster. In 2005, Thompson, Foster, the Jenner brothers, and their friend Spencer Pratt starred in the reality television series \"The Princes of Malibu\". However, the series was cancelled soon after its premiere when Thompson filed for divorce from Foster. In 2006, MTV developed the reality television series \"The Hills\" as the spin-off of \"\". It originally chronicled the lives of Lauren Conrad, who appeared on its predecessor, her housemate Heidi Montag,", "title": "Brody Jenner" }, { "id": "11028960", "score": "1.8440027", "text": "the latter may have launched a multimedia empire, the former has made it last\". Maura Kelly of \"The Guardian\" evaluated the aftermath of the failed wedding of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries, which was documented on \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians,\" and subsequently caused public outrage, including an online protest petition to cancel the show. \"Since Kim doesn't exactly seem to be an exemplar of self-awareness, I suppose it's possible that she really believed she and Humphries would live happily ever after,\" Kelly speculated whether or not the marriage was a publicity stunt. \"But more likely, she and E! are", "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" }, { "id": "11936940", "score": "1.8348651", "text": "The Telegraph. Kardashian was born March 17, 1987 in Los Angeles, California, United States to attorney Robert Kardashian and wife Kris. He has three older sisters, Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé. His parents divorced in 1991, and his mother married Olympic decathlete Bruce Jenner the same year. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton \"Burt\", Brandon, and Brody; step-sister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner. His father, Robert Kardashian, died in September 2003 from esophageal cancer. Kardashian graduated from the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business in 2009. Kardashian was a contestant on season 13 of \"Dancing with", "title": "Rob Kardashian" }, { "id": "6438725", "score": "1.8293672", "text": "former Olympic decathlete, businessperson, and television personality Bruce Jenner to Caitlyn Jenner star of E!'s \"Keeping Up With the Kardashians\" and \"I Am Cait\", with photographs by Annie Leibovitz, was one of the biggest international scoops in years. Bissinger had exclusive access to Jenner both immediately before and after her cosmetic surgery. The 11,000-word article was months in the making and kept heavily under wraps until it was released on the magazine's website on June 1. Bissinger's article for \"Vanity Fair\", \"Gone with the Wind\" (August 2007), about the saga of 2006 Kentucky Derby Winner Barbaro, has been optioned by", "title": "Buzz Bissinger" }, { "id": "17527541", "score": "1.8245602", "text": "On February 4, 2013, Russell Jay, a producer on the series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", stated in a 165-page deposition in the divorce proceedings of star Kim Kardashian and her husband, Kris Humphries, that at least two of the scenes that were shot for that series were scripted, reshot or edited in order to cast Humphries in a negative light following Kardashian's decision to divorce him. The very premise of some reality shows has been called into question. The winner of the first season, in 2003, of \"America's Next Top Model\", Adrianne Curry, claimed that part of the grand", "title": "Criticism of reality television" } ]

[ "father brown", "Father Brown" ]

[ { "id": "3059467", "score": "1.679827", "text": "and pettiness. Moreover, Chesterton is a great artist while Conan Doyle was a mediocre writer, even though he was knighted for literary merit; thus in Chesterton there is a stylistic gap between the content, the detective story plot, and the form, and therefore a subtle irony with regard to the subject being dealt with, which renders these stories so delicious. Like Sherlock Holmes, Lord Peter Wimsey, and Nero Wolfe, tales featuring Chesterton's priest detective continue to be created even after the original author's death. John Peterson has written a further forty-four mysteries solved by Father Brown. In the Italian novel", "title": "Father Brown" }, { "id": "1664638", "score": "1.5651174", "text": "detective fiction, including five novels and a short story featuring Miles Bredon, who is employed as a private investigator by the Indescribable Insurance Company. Directed by his religious superiors, he retranslated the \"Latin Vulgate Bible\" into English, using Hebrew and Greek sources, beginning in 1936. His works on religious themes include: \"Some Loose Stones\" (1913), \"Reunion All Round\" (1914), \"A Spiritual Aeneid\" (1918), \"The Belief of Catholics\" (1927), \"Caliban in Grub Street\" (1930), \"Heaven and Charing Cross\" (1935), \"Let Dons Delight\" (1939) and \"Captive Flames\" (1940). When G. K. Chesterton died in 1936, Knox delivered a panegyric for his Requiem", "title": "Ronald Knox" }, { "id": "159801", "score": "1.5644445", "text": "several hundred poems, some 200 short stories, 4000 essays, and several plays. He was a literary and social critic, historian, playwright, novelist, Catholic theologian and apologist, debater, and mystery writer. He was a columnist for the \"Daily News\", \"The Illustrated London News\", and his own paper, \"G. K.'s Weekly\"; he also wrote articles for the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\", including the entry on Charles Dickens and part of the entry on Humour in the 14th edition (1929). His best-known character is the priest-detective Father Brown, who appeared only in short stories, while \"The Man Who Was Thursday\" is arguably his best-known novel.", "title": "G. K. Chesterton" }, { "id": "3059461", "score": "1.5374496", "text": "issue of an obscure magazine, \"The Premier\", Sir Max Pemberton published the first part of the story, then invited a number of detective story writers, including Chesterton, to use their talents to solve the mystery of the murder described. Chesterton and Father Brown's solution followed in the November issue. The story was first reprinted in the in the book \"Thirteen Detectives\". Unlike the better-known fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, Father Brown's methods tend to be intuitive rather than deductive. He explains his method in \"The Secret of Father Brown\": \"You see, I had murdered them all myself... I had planned out", "title": "Father Brown" }, { "id": "1473897", "score": "1.5310137", "text": "the Yellow Room\"), was written in 1907 by French journalist and author Gaston Leroux; it, too, has had many imitators. In the Golden Age of Detective Fiction impossible crimes were mainly solved by brilliant amateur sleuths, inspired by Arthur Conan Doyle's creation Sherlock Holmes, who were inexplicably given free rein by Scotland Yard and, to a markedly lesser extent in their American equivalents, the New York Police Department; puzzling mysteries were solved by sheer reasoning and brain power. Such creators of famous Anglo-Saxon amateur detectives as Jacques Futrelle, Thomas and Mary Hanshew, G. K. Chesterton, Carolyn Wells, John Dickson Carr,", "title": "Locked-room mystery" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Father Brown\n\nFather Brown is a fictional Roman Catholic priest and amateur detective who is featured in 53 short stories published between 1910 and 1936 written by English author G. K. Chesterton. Father Brown solves mysteries and crimes using his intuition and keen understanding of human nature. Chesterton loosely based him on the Rt Rev. Msgr. John O'Connor (1870–1952), a parish priest in Bradford, who was involved in Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism in 1922.", "title": "Father Brown" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "G. K. Chesterton\n\nGilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an English writer, philosopher, Christian apologist, and literary and art critic. He has been referred to as the \"prince of paradox\". Of his writing style, \"Time\" observed: \"Whenever possible, Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out.\"\n\nChesterton created the fictional priest-detective Father Brown, and wrote on apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognised the wide appeal of such works as \"Orthodoxy\" and \"The Everlasting Man\".<ref name=Time/> Chesterton routinely referred to himself as an \"orthodox\" Christian, and came to identify this position more and more with Catholicism, eventually converting to Roman Catholicism from high church Anglicanism. Biographers have identified him as a successor to such Victorian authors as Matthew Arnold, Thomas Carlyle, John Henry Newman and John Ruskin. ", "title": "G. K. Chesterton" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of fictional detectives" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Flambeau (character)\n\nHercule Flambeau is a fictional character created by English novelist G. K. Chesterton, who appears in 48 short stories about the character Father Brown. A master criminal, his surname \"Flambeau\" is an alias, the French word for a flaming torch.\n\nHe first appeared in the story \"The Blue Cross\" as a jewel thief. Father Brown foiled his attempted crimes in this and several other stories. As a notorious and elusive criminal, Flambeau is a worry for law-enforcers. He is exposed by Father Brown, and later becomes a detective himself. His last appearance as a thief occurs in \"The Flying Stars\", in which Father Brown persuades him to return his loot and to give up the criminal life. As a reformed criminal, Flambeau assists Father Brown in a number of other short stories, beginning with \"The Invisible Man\".\n\nAlthough Brown and Flambeau spend much of the day together in \"The Blue Cross\", when they meet again in \"The Queer Feet\", Brown recognizes Flambeau but the thief has no recollection of the priest.\n\nHe becomes Flambeau's friend before he reforms him, and uses this friendship to transform him. In \"The Secret of Flambeau\", Flambeau credits Father Brown for his reformation when he says, \"Have I not heard the sermons of the righteous? […] Do you think all that ever did anything but make me laugh? Only my friend told me that he knew exactly why I stole, and I have never stolen since.\"\n\nFlambeau's fate is revealed in \"The Secret of Father Brown\". Retiring as a detective, he marries and settles in a Spanish castle, raises a large family and lives in a blissful state of domesticity. Flambeau gives up his assumed name and returns to using his birth name, Duroc.\n\nIt has been suggested that Agatha Christie's famous detective Hercule Poirot was inspired by the character.\n\nFlambeau has appeared in several film, television and radio adaptations. Actors who have portrayed him include:\n", "title": "Flambeau (character)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Father Brown (2013 TV series)\n\nFather Brown is a detective period comedy drama television series loosely based on the Father Brown short stories by G. K. Chesterton, starring Mark Williams as the crime-solving Roman Catholic priest. Broadcast began on BBC One on 14 January 2013. The ninth series premiered on BBC One on 3 January 2022. The show has been renewed for a 10th series which will premiere January 2023. ", "title": "Father Brown (2013 TV series)" }, { "id": "3039329", "score": "1.5301921", "text": "organised a dramatic \"trial\" in the King's Hall, Covent Garden. John Jasper (played by Frederick T. Harry) stood trial for the murder of Edwin Drood. G. K. Chesterton, best known for the Father Brown mystery stories, was the judge, and George Bernard Shaw was the foreman of the jury, which was made up of other authors. J. Cuming Walters, author of \"The Complete Edwin Drood\", led the prosecution, while Cecil Chesterton acted for the defence. Proceedings were very light-hearted; Shaw in particular made wisecracks at the expense of others present. For instance, Shaw claimed that if the prosecution thought that", "title": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" }, { "id": "3059459", "score": "1.5243762", "text": "Father Brown Father Brown is a fictional Roman Catholic priest and amateur detective who is featured in 53 short stories published between 1910 and 1936 written by English novelist G. K. Chesterton. Father Brown solves mysteries and crimes using his intuition and keen understanding of human nature. Chesterton loosely based him on the Rt Rev. Msgr. John O'Connor (1870–1952), a parish priest in Bradford, who was involved in Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism in 1922. Chesterton portrays Father Brown as a short, stumpy Roman Catholic priest, with shapeless clothes, a large umbrella, and an uncanny insight into human evil. In \"The", "title": "Father Brown" }, { "id": "1401087", "score": "1.5222896", "text": "from poetry by writing a detective novel, \"A Question of Proof\" under the pseudonym Nicholas Blake. He created Nigel Strangeways, an amateur investigator and gentleman detective who, as the nephew of an Assistant Commissioner at Scotland Yard, has the same access to, and good relations with, official crime investigation bodies as those enjoyed by other fictional sleuths such as Ellery Queen, Philo Vance and Lord Peter Wimsey. He published nineteen more crime novels. (In the first Nigel Strangeways novel, the detective is modelled on W. H. Auden, but Day-Lewis developed the character as a far less extravagant and more serious", "title": "Cecil Day-Lewis" }, { "id": "159827", "score": "1.5216384", "text": "it, I may allow you to destroy it.' G. K. Chesterton Gilbert Keith Chesterton, KC*SG (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936), was an English writer, poet, philosopher, dramatist, journalist, orator, lay theologian, biographer, and literary and art critic. Chesterton is often referred to as the \"prince of paradox\". \"Time\" magazine has observed of his writing style: \"Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out.\" Chesterton is well known for his fictional priest-detective Father Brown, and for his reasoned apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognised the wide", "title": "G. K. Chesterton" }, { "id": "12672291", "score": "1.5175853", "text": "English country house. This archetype of British detective contrasts with the more \"hardboiled\" counterpart in American crime fiction. Gentlemen detectives appeared early in modern detective fiction, which began in the late 19th century. C. Auguste Dupin, created by Edgar Allan Poe, is widely considered to be the first fictional detective in English literature. He appeared in three short stories written in the 1840s: \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" (1841), \"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt\" (1842) and \"The Purloined Letter\" (1844). Poe created Dupin before the word \"detective\" had been coined, but began many common elements of detective fiction: Dupin", "title": "Gentleman detective" }, { "id": "159790", "score": "1.5146687", "text": "G. K. Chesterton Gilbert Keith Chesterton, KC*SG (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936), was an English writer, poet, philosopher, dramatist, journalist, orator, lay theologian, biographer, and literary and art critic. Chesterton is often referred to as the \"prince of paradox\". \"Time\" magazine has observed of his writing style: \"Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories—first carefully turning them inside out.\" Chesterton is well known for his fictional priest-detective Father Brown, and for his reasoned apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognised the wide appeal of such works as \"Orthodoxy\" and \"The", "title": "G. K. Chesterton" }, { "id": "5837804", "score": "1.5037236", "text": "when Freeman was 77 years old. ... For the first twenty-five years of his career, at least, he dominated the world of British detective fiction. ... Freeman was always in the forefront of the form. Today, with Chesterton, who is remembered for other reasons, he is one of the very few Edwardian detective story writers who are still read.\" \"Raymond Chandler, whose essay 'The Simple Art of Murder' did much toward demolishing the classical detective story, had this to say in a letter to Hamish Hamilton, the British publisher: 'This man Austin Freeman is a wonderful performer. He has no", "title": "R. Austin Freeman" }, { "id": "4857480", "score": "1.4985402", "text": "will be a reading of two of Morrison's detective stories read and performed by the award-winning actor Robert Crighton at Loughton Baptist Church, a stone's throw away from where Salcombe Lodge once stood. Arthur Morrison Arthur George Morrison (1 November 18634 December 1945) was an English writer and journalist known for his realistic novels and stories about working-class life in London's East End, and for his detective stories, featuring the detective Martin Hewitt. He also collected Japanese art and published several works on the subject. He left a large collection of paintings and other works of art to the British", "title": "Arthur Morrison" }, { "id": "1664637", "score": "1.4982836", "text": "Catholic faith was influenced in part by the English writer G. K. Chesterton, before Chesterton himself became Catholic. When Chesterton was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1922, he in turn was influenced by Knox. Knox wrote and broadcast on Christianity and other subjects. While Roman Catholic chaplain at the University of Oxford (1926–1939) and after his elevation to a monsignor in 1936, he wrote classic detective stories. In 1929 he codified the rules for detective stories into a \"decalogue\" of ten commandments. He was one of the founding members of the Detection Club and wrote several works of", "title": "Ronald Knox" }, { "id": "3059470", "score": "1.482877", "text": "Secret of Father Brown\" (1927) 5. \"The Scandal of Father Brown\" (1935) 6. \"Uncollected Stories\" (1914, 1936) Father Brown Father Brown is a fictional Roman Catholic priest and amateur detective who is featured in 53 short stories published between 1910 and 1936 written by English novelist G. K. Chesterton. Father Brown solves mysteries and crimes using his intuition and keen understanding of human nature. Chesterton loosely based him on the Rt Rev. Msgr. John O'Connor (1870–1952), a parish priest in Bradford, who was involved in Chesterton's conversion to Catholicism in 1922. Chesterton portrays Father Brown as a short, stumpy Roman", "title": "Father Brown" }, { "id": "100790", "score": "1.4822934", "text": "the Detective. In short, it is difficult to establish who was the first to write the English-language detective novel, as various authors were exploring the theme simultaneously. In 1887, Arthur Conan Doyle created Sherlock Holmes, arguably the most famous of all fictional detectives. Although Sherlock Holmes is not the original fiction detective (he was influenced by Poe's Dupin and Gaboriau's Lecoq), his name has become a byword for the part. Conan Doyle stated that the character of Holmes was inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Like Holmes, Bell", "title": "Detective fiction" }, { "id": "12672299", "score": "1.4815634", "text": "upon the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus.\" The renowned crime writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction were mostly British and mostly women, including the four \"Queens of Crime\" (Margery Allingham, Agatha Christie, Ngaio Marsh and Dorothy L. Sayers). They all produced at least one gentleman detective. Their books featuring these characters are still generally in print. Several modern day fictional characters may be considered examples of gentlemen detectives. Like Alleyn but unlike earlier gifted amateurs such as Wimsey, Campion or Miss Marple, several modern \"gentleman detectives\" are professional policemen. Adam Dalgliesh, the creation of P. D. James, flourishes in", "title": "Gentleman detective" }, { "id": "100786", "score": "1.4805684", "text": "happened to the real-life Mary Cecilia Rogers. Émile Gaboriau was a pioneer of the detective fiction genre in France. In \"Monsieur Lecoq\" (1868), the title character is adept at disguise, a key characteristic of detectives. Gaboriau's writing is also considered to contain the first example of a detective minutely examining a crime scene for clues. Another early example of a whodunit is a subplot in the novel \"Bleak House\" (1853) by Charles Dickens. The conniving lawyer Tulkinghorn is killed in his office late one night, and the crime is investigated by Inspector Bucket of the Metropolitan police force. Numerous characters", "title": "Detective fiction" }, { "id": "16178145", "score": "1.4746407", "text": "The Man Who Knew Too Much (book) The Man Who Knew Too Much and other stories (1922) is a book of detective stories by English writer G. K. Chesterton, published in 1922 by Cassell and Company in the United Kingdom, and Harper Brothers in the United States. The book contains eight connected short stories about \"The Man Who Knew Too Much\", and additional unconnected stories featuring separate heroes/detectives. The United States edition contained one of these additional stories: \"The Trees of Pride\", while the United Kingdom edition contained \"Trees of Pride\" and three more, shorter stories: \"The Garden of Smoke\",", "title": "The Man Who Knew Too Much (book)" }, { "id": "4221272", "score": "1.4720969", "text": "made it above Detective Chief Inspector before becoming a private investigator). Granada ended the series in 1987. Henderson obtained the rights for TV use of the character, but became busy with other projects and died in 1997 before he was able to interest producers in any new series. George Bulman (fictional character) Detective Sergeant George Bulman was a fictional detective created by Kenneth Royce in his series of books about The XYY Man (semi-reformed cat burglar Spider Scott), where the character's name was initially Alf Bulman. Here Bulman is presented as a 'bent copper', though the only examples of his", "title": "George Bulman (fictional character)" } ]

[ "temple of ephesus", "temple of artemis at ephesus", "artemis ephesia", "Temple of Artemisa in Ephesus", "Artemis of Ephesus", "Endoios", "temple of diana at ephesus", "Temple of Ephesus", "temple of artemis", "Diana of Ephesus", "Temple of Diana at Ephesus", "Temple of Artemis at Ephesus", "Artemis Ephesia", "Artemis temple", "artemis temple", "temple of artemisa in ephesus", "Temple of artemis", "artemis of ephesus", "temple of artemis in ephesus", "Temple of Artemis in Ephesus", "diana of ephesus", "endoios", "Temple of Artemis" ]

[ { "id": "124276", "score": "1.7327864", "text": "of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Among many other monumental buildings are the Library of Celsus, and a theatre capable of holding 25,000 spectators. Ephesos was one of the seven churches of Asia that are cited in the Book of Revelation. The Gospel of John may have been written here. The city was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils (see Council of Ephesus). The city was destroyed by the Goths in 263, and although rebuilt, the city's importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the Küçükmenderes River. It was partially", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "124309", "score": "1.7118582", "text": "Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, once stood 418' by 239' with over 100 marble pillars each 56' high. The temple earned the city the title \"Servant of the Goddess\". Pliny tells us that the magnificent structure took 120 years to build but is now represented only by one inconspicuous column, revealed during an archaeological excavation by the British Museum in the 1870s. Some fragments of the frieze (which are insufficient to suggest the form of the original) and other small finds were removed – some to London and some to the İstanbul Archaeology Museums. The", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "124281", "score": "1.645416", "text": "the city's mythological foundation to Ephos, queen of the Amazons. The Greek goddess Artemis and the great Anatolian goddess Kybele were identified together as \"Artemis of Ephesus\". The many-breasted \"Lady of Ephesus\", identified with Artemis, was venerated in the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the largest building of the ancient world according to Pausanias (4.31.8). Pausanias mentions that the temple was built by Ephesus, son of the river god Caystrus, before the arrival of the Ionians. Of this structure, scarcely a trace remains. Ancient sources seem to indicate that an older name of", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "14833043", "score": "1.6233921", "text": "out in cooperation with the University of Vienna, the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Archaeological Institute. Amazon from the Artemision Altar The Temple of Artemis, first built in the 6th century BC, was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. After being burned down in the 4th century BC, it was rebuilt, during which the sacrificial altar to Artemis was encircled with a spectacular surrounding wall. The sculpture of the upper part of a wounded Amazon stems from this wall. Parthian Monument The Parthian Monument is one of the most important Roman-age reliefs from Asia Minor. In", "title": "Ephesos Museum" }, { "id": "124277", "score": "1.6230283", "text": "destroyed by an earthquake in 614 AD. The ruins of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction, partly owing to their easy access from Adnan Menderes Airport or from the cruise ship port of Kuşadası, some 30 km to the South. The area surrounding Ephesus was already inhabited during the Neolithic Age (about 6000 BC), as was revealed by excavations at the nearby \"höyük\" (artificial mounds known as tells) of Arvalya and Cukurici. Excavations in recent years have unearthed settlements from the early Bronze Age at Ayasuluk Hill. According to Hittite sources, the capital of the Kingdom of", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World\n\nThe Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, also known as the Seven Wonders of the World or simply the Seven Wonders, is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.\n\nWhile the entries have varied over the centuries, the seven traditional wonders are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Using modern-day countries, two of the wonders were located in Greece, two in Turkey, two in Egypt, and one in Iraq. Of the seven wonders, only the Pyramid of Giza, which is also by far the oldest of the wonders, still remains standing, with the others being destroyed over the centuries. There is scholarly debate over the exact nature of the Hanging Gardens, and there is doubt as to whether they existed at all. ", "title": "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Temple of Artemis\n\nThe Temple of Artemis or Artemision (; ), also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (identified with Diana, a Roman goddess). It was located in Ephesus (near the modern town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey). By 401 AD it had been ruined or destroyed. Only foundations and fragments of the last temple remain at the site.\n\nThe earliest version of the temple (a Bronze Age \"temenos\") antedated the Ionic immigration by many years. Callimachus, in his \"Hymn to Artemis\", attributed it to the Amazons. In the 7th century BC, it was destroyed by a flood. \n\nIts reconstruction, in more grandiose form, began around 550 BC, under Chersiphron, the Cretan architect, and his son Metagenes. The project was funded by Croesus of Lydia, and took 10 years to complete. This version of the temple was destroyed in 356 BC by Herostratus in an act of arson.\n\nThe next, greatest, and last form of the temple, funded by the Ephesians themselves, is described in Antipater of Sidon's list of the world's Seven Wonders:\nI have set eyes on the wall of lofty Babylon on which is a road for chariots, and the statue of Zeus by the Alpheus, and the hanging gardens, and the colossus of the Sun, and the huge labour of the high pyramids, and the vast tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the house of Artemis that mounted to the clouds, those other marvels lost their brilliancy, and I said, \"Lo, apart from Olympus, the Sun never looked on aught so grand\".", "title": "Temple of Artemis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ephesus\n\nEphesus (;<ref name=Olausson2006 /> ; ; may ultimately derive from ) was a city in ancient Greece<ref name=Gagarin2010 /><ref name=\"Ramirez-Faria2007\" /> on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former Arzawan capital, <ref name=BritishMuseum /><ref name=SteadmanMcMahon2011 /> by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. During the Classical Greek era, it was one of twelve cities that were members of the Ionian League. The city came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC.\n\nThe city was famous in its day for the nearby Temple of Artemis (completed around 550 BC), which has been designated one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Its many monumental buildings included the Library of Celsus and a theatre capable of holding 24,000 spectators.\n\nEphesus was recipient city of one of the Pauline epistles; one of the seven churches of Asia addressed in the Book of Revelation; the Gospel of John may have been written there; and it was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils (see Council of Ephesus). The city was destroyed by the Goths in 263. Although it was afterwards rebuilt, its importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the Küçükmenderes River. In 614, it was partially destroyed by an earthquake.\n\nToday, the ruins of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction, being accessible from Adnan Menderes Airport and from the resort town Kuşadası. In 2015, the ruins were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Wonders of the World\n\nVarious lists of the Wonders of the World have been compiled from antiquity to the present day, in order to catalogue the world's most spectacular natural features and human-built structures.\n\nThe Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the oldest known list of this type, documenting the most remarkable man-made creations of classical antiquity; it was based on guidebooks popular among Hellenic sightseers and as such only includes works located around the Mediterranean rim and in the ancient Near East. The number seven was chosen because the Greeks believed it represented perfection and plenty, and because it reflected the number of planets known in ancient times (five) plus the Sun and Moon.", "title": "Wonders of the World" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Herostratus\n\nHerostratus () was a 4th-century BC Greek, accused of seeking notoriety as an arsonist by destroying the second Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (on the outskirts of present-day Selçuk). The conclusion prompted the creation of a \"damnatio memoriae\" law forbidding anyone to mention his name, orally or in writing. The law was ultimately ineffective, as evidenced by surviving accounts of his crime. Thus, Herostratus has become an eponym for someone who commits a criminal act in order to become famous.", "title": "Herostratus" }, { "id": "805047", "score": "1.6084814", "text": "the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess; the Temple of Artemis there is regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book \"Survivals of Roman Religion\" \"Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary.\" The Middle Ages saw many", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "id": "124312", "score": "1.606136", "text": "of the most advanced aqueduct systems in the ancient world, with at least six aqueducts of various sizes supplying different areas of the city. They fed a number of water mills, one of which has been identified as a sawmill for marble. The Odeon was a small roofed theatre constructed by Publius Vedius Antoninus and his wife around 150 AD. It was a small salon for plays and concerts, seating about 1,500 people. There were 22 stairs in the theatre. The upper part of the theatre was decorated with red granite pillars in the Corinthian style. The entrances were at", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "124275", "score": "1.5994859", "text": "Ephesus Ephesos (; \"Ephesos\"; ; may ultimately derive from Hittite \"Apasa\") was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. During the Classical Greek era it was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League. The city flourished after it came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC. The city was famed for the nearby Temple of Artemis (completed around 550 BC), one", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "14833039", "score": "1.5860555", "text": "Ephesos Museum The Ephesos Museum in Vienna displays antiquities from the city of Ephesus (, ), in modern-day Turkey. Begun in the late 19th century, the collection includes original works of sculpture and architecture, and belongs to the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Since 1978 the Ephesos Museum has had its own rooms in the Neue Burg. Before the museum was established, the present exhibits were provisionally displayed in various locations, including on occasion the Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten. Lying on the Turkish Aegean coast, Ephesus was one of the largest cities of the ancient world and is now among the most", "title": "Ephesos Museum" }, { "id": "12475865", "score": "1.5749493", "text": "pharaoh who built it), the oldest of the ancient wonders—remains relatively intact. The Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis and the Statue of Zeus were all destroyed. The location and ultimate fate of the Hanging Gardens are unknown, and there is speculation that they may not have existed at all. The Greek conquest of much of the known western world in the 4th century BC gave Hellenistic travellers access to the civilizations of the Egyptians, Persians, and Babylonians. Impressed and captivated by the landmarks and marvels of the various lands, these", "title": "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" }, { "id": "14696734", "score": "1.5596087", "text": "ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 km south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey. Today the site lies on the edge of the modern town of Selçuk. The sacred site (\"temenos\") at Ephesus was far older than the \"Artemision\" itself. Pausanias was certain that it antedated the Ionic immigration by many years, being older even than the oracular shrine of Apollo at Didyma. He said that the pre-Ionic inhabitants of the city were Leleges and Lydians. Callimachus, in his \"Hymn to Artemis\" attributed the earliest \"temenos\" at Ephesus to the Amazons, whose worship he imagined already centered", "title": "Temple of Artemis" }, { "id": "9834365", "score": "1.556077", "text": "remains of the temple of Artemis (Artemision) at Ephesus, which had completely disappeared from view about 500 years previously. The Temple was important on account of its mention in the \"New Testament\", when St Paul was shouted down by the mob, chanting \"Great is Diana of the Ephesians\". (Acts 19:34) In 1863, he relinquished his commission and began the search. The British Museum granted him a permit and a small allowance for expenses in return for the property rights in any antiquities he might discover in Ephesus. In February 1866, while excavating in the theatre of Ephesus, Wood found a", "title": "John Turtle Wood" }, { "id": "9847415", "score": "1.5545822", "text": "inscription in the Church of Mary indicates there was an even more ancient Synagogue in Ephesus. Church of Mary The Church of Mary () is an ancient Christian cathedral dedicated to the Theotokos (\"Birth-Giver of God\", \"i.e.\", the Virgin Mary), located in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey). It is also known as the Church of the Councils because two councils of importance to the history of Early Christianity are assumed to have been held within. The church is located in the south stoa of the Olympieion (Temple of Hadrian Olympios) next to the harbor of Ephesus. The church is", "title": "Church of Mary" }, { "id": "14696743", "score": "1.54262", "text": "Pliny describes images of Amazons, the legendary founders of Ephesus and Ephesian Artemis' original protégés, carved by Scopas. Literary sources describe the temple's adornment by paintings, columns gilded with gold and silver, and religious works of renowned Greek sculptors Polyclitus, Pheidias, Cresilas, and Phradmon. This reconstruction survived for 600 years, and appears multiple times in early Christian accounts of Ephesus. According to the New Testament, the appearance of the first Christian missionary in Ephesus caused locals to fear for the temple's dishonor. The 2nd-century \"Acts of John\" includes an apocryphal tale of the temple's destruction: the apostle John prayed publicly", "title": "Temple of Artemis" }, { "id": "124308", "score": "1.5407677", "text": "431, which resulted in the condemnation of Nestorius. A Second Council of Ephesus was held in 449, but its controversial acts were never approved by the Catholics. It came to be called the Robber Council of Ephesus or Robber Synod of Latrocinium by its opponents. Ephesus is one of the largest Roman archaeological sites in the eastern Mediterranean. The visible ruins still give some idea of the city's original splendour, and the names associated with the ruins are evocative of its former life. The theatre dominates the view down Harbour Street, which leads to the silted-up harbour. The Temple of", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "14833044", "score": "1.539082", "text": "five thematic cycles it commemorates the Roman Emperor Lucius Verus, who established a camp in Ephesus during his Parthian Campaign of 161-165 AD. The individual pieces have been arranged in the form of a monumental altar, but this is only a guess at their correct arrangement, as they were not found in their original state. The friezes have a total length of about 70 metres, of which 40 metres are on display. Bronze Statue of an Athlete This Roman statue from the first century AD, copied from a Greek original from the fourth century BC, has been recreated from 234", "title": "Ephesos Museum" }, { "id": "12538805", "score": "1.528857", "text": "of the disintegration of ancient Ephesus, a historically important archaeological site, partly excavated before World War I under the auspices of the Austrian Archaeological Institute. Deissmann campaigned single-handedly for several years, both on a national and international level, to raise awareness of the plight of Ephesus, and managed to organise funding for the archaeological work to recommence in 1926, and continued annually until 1929. Deissmann died on 5 April 1937, in Wünsdorf near Berlin, where he is buried in the local cemetery. Gustav Adolf Deissmann Gustav Adolf Deissmann (7 November 1866 – 5 April 1937) was a German Protestant theologian,", "title": "Gustav Adolf Deissmann" }, { "id": "14833041", "score": "1.5281987", "text": "of seven expeditions transported findings from Ephesus to Vienna. In the early 20th century these findings were exhibited in various places, including Belvedere Palace and the antiques collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. In 1911 a provisional exhibition in the Theseus Temple had to be discontinued because of damage to the exhibits. A selection of the items was once again exhibited in the Temple between 1934 and 1944. A number of Ephesean sculptures were displayed in the Neue Burg's colonnade from 1947 until 1978, when the entire collection finally received a permanent home in the newly founded Ephesos Museum. The museum", "title": "Ephesos Museum" }, { "id": "124315", "score": "1.5223874", "text": "supposed site of the apostle's tomb. It is now surrounded by Selçuk. Ephesus is believed to be the city of the Seven Sleepers. The story of the Seven Sleepers, who are considered saints by Catholics and Orthodox Christians and whose story is also mentioned in the Qur'an, tells that they were persecuted because of their monotheistic belief in God and that they slept in a cave near Ephesus for centuries. The history of archaeological research in Ephesus stretches back to 1863, when British architect John Turtle Wood, sponsored by the British Museum, began to search for the Artemision. In 1869", "title": "Ephesus" }, { "id": "14833045", "score": "1.5163662", "text": "fragments; it shows a young athlete cleaning his strigil, an implement used to wash the body after a contest. This motif was well-known and widely popular in the ancient world, and the statue cannot be attributed to any specific Greek artist. Ephesos Museum The Ephesos Museum in Vienna displays antiquities from the city of Ephesus (, ), in modern-day Turkey. Begun in the late 19th century, the collection includes original works of sculpture and architecture, and belongs to the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Since 1978 the Ephesos Museum has had its own rooms in the Neue Burg. Before the museum was established,", "title": "Ephesos Museum" } ]

[ "Clogs", "Wooden shoe", "Takunya", "Wooden shoes", "takunya", "wooden shoes", "clog shoe", "wooden shoe", "cloggs", "clogs", "Clog", "clog", "Cloggs", "Clog (shoe)" ]

[ { "id": "3671006", "score": "1.6350517", "text": "sandal, which consisted of a protective sole, held to the foot with leather thongs or cords of various materials. Similar footwear worn in the Far East was made from plaited grass or palm fronds. In climates that required a full foot covering, a single piece of untanned hide was laced with a thong, providing full protection for the foot and so made a complete covering. The production of wooden shoes was widespread in medieval Europe. They were made from a single piece of wood roughly cut into shoe form. A variant of this form was the clog, which were wooden", "title": "Shoemaking" }, { "id": "4965064", "score": "1.6257386", "text": "usually cedar, which helps control odor and absorb moisture. Other materials include beech, lime and alderwood. Although most shoe tree manufacturers claim that cedarwood is superior, there is really no difference as long as the shoe tree is made of unfinished wood. Among wooden shoe trees, there are generally three categories, which correspond to price and quality. The cheapest are wooden shoe tree without a full heel. Although they help with odor, and will help preserve the original shape at the front of the shoe, the narrow knob on the heel puts excess pressure on one section of the heel", "title": "Shoe tree" }, { "id": "371816", "score": "1.5901961", "text": "traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on. Many of these newer materials, such as rubber and plastics, have made shoes less biodegradable. It is estimated that most mass-produced shoes require 1000 years to degrade in a landfill. In the late 2000s, some shoemakers picked up on the issue and began to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials, such as", "title": "Shoe" }, { "id": "3222007", "score": "1.5799632", "text": "worn by maikos, or geishas, during their apprenticeships. Similar to the Okobo, wooden Kabkabs were named after the sound they made upon marble flooring. Worn by Lebanese women between the 14th and 17th centuries, the straps were often made from velvet, leather, or silk while the wooden stilts were decorated with silver or pearl. The ancient Indian Paduka, which translates to footprints of the Gods, was often sported by the upper echelon as a way to mark their status. The wooden platforms were sometimes carved into different animal shapes and decorated with ivory and silver. In ancient China men wore", "title": "Platform shoe" }, { "id": "2274456", "score": "1.560734", "text": "foot covering. Archaeological finds of these are not known. Wooden footwear often ended up as firewood and, because of its nature, wood will rot away in the long run. The oldest surviving wooden footwear in Europe is found in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and dates from 1230 and 1280. These finds look very similar to the wooden shoes that are still worn in The Netherlands. Since wooden footwear was a hand-made product, the shape of the footwear, as well as its production process showed great local and regional diversity in style. At the beginning of the 20th century machine-made", "title": "Clog" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Clog\n\nClogs are a type of footwear made in part or completely from wood. Used in many parts of the world, their forms can vary by culture, but often remained unchanged for centuries within a culture.\n\nTraditional clogs remain in use as protective footwear in agriculture and in some factories and mines. Although they are sometimes negatively associated with cheap and folkloric footwear of farmers and the working class, some types are considered fashion wear today, such as Swedish träskor or Japanese geta.\n\nClogs are also used in several different styles of dance, where an important feature is the sound they produce against the floor. Clog dancing is one of the fundamental roots of tap dancing, but with tap shoes the taps are free to click against each other and produce a different sound from clogs.", "title": "Clog" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Shoe\n\nA shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. They are often worn with a sock. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration and fashion. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with form originally being tied to function. Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is still vulnerable to environmental hazards such as sharp rocks and temperature extremes, which shoes protect against. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots which are required footwear at industrial worksites.\n\nAdditionally, fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots designed specifically for mountaineering or skiing, while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe.\n\nTraditionally, shoes have been made from leather, wood or canvas, but are increasingly being made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials. Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry.<ref name=\":0\" /> 90% of shoes end up in land-fills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse.<ref name=\":0\" />", "title": "Shoe" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Geta (footwear)\n\nA Geta, (, ; geta or getas) is a traditional East Asian footwear that resembles flip-flops. A kind of sandals, geta have a flat wooden base elevated with up to three (though commonly two) \"teeth\", held on the foot with a fabric thong, which keeps the foot raised above the ground. ", "title": "Geta (footwear)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Shoemaking\n\nShoemaking is the process of making footwear.\n\nOriginally, shoes were made one at a time by hand, often by groups of shoemakers, or cobblers (also known as \"cordwainers\"). In the 18th century, dozens or even hundreds of masters, journeymen and apprentices (both men and women) would work together in a shop, dividing up the work into individual tasks. A customer could come into a shop, be individually measured, and return to pick up their new shoes in as little as a day.<ref name=\"Grubbs\"/> Everyone needed shoes, and the median price for a pair was about one day’s wages for an average journeyman.<ref name=\"Mathew\"/>\n\nThe shoemaking trade flourished in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries but began to be affected by industrialization in the later nineteenth century.\nTraditional handicraft shoemaking has now been largely superseded in volume of shoes produced by industrial mass production of footwear, but not necessarily in quality, attention to detail, or craftsmanship. Today, most shoes are made on a volume basis, rather than a craft basis. A pair of \"bespoke\" shoes, made in 2020 according to traditional practices, can be sold for thousands of dollars.\n\nShoemakers may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins. Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material, and often consist of multiple parts for better durability of the sole, stitched to a leather upper part.\n\nTrades that engage in shoemaking have included the cordwainer's and cobbler's trades. The term cobbler was originally used pejoratively to indicate that someone did not know their craft; in the 18th century it became a term for those who repaired shoes but did not know enough to make them.<ref name=\"Mathew\"/>", "title": "Shoemaking" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Snowshoe\n\nSnowshoes are specialized outdoor gear for walking over snow. Their large footprint spreads the user's weight out and allows them to travel largely on top of rather than through snow. Adjustable bindings attach them to appropriate winter footwear. \n\nTraditional snowshoes have a hardwood frame filled in with rawhide latticework. Modern snowshoes are made of lightweight metal, plastic, and other synthetic materials.\n\nIn the past, snowshoes were essential equipment for anyone dependent on travel in deep and frequent snowfall, such as fur trappers. They retain that role in areas where motorized vehicles cannot reach or are inconvenient to use. However, their greatest contemporary use is for recreation.\n\nSnowshoeing is easy to learn and in appropriate conditions is a relatively safe and inexpensive recreational activity. However, doing so in icy, steep terrain requires both advanced skill and mountaineering-style pivoting-crampon snowshoes.", "title": "Snowshoe" }, { "id": "8389452", "score": "1.5563381", "text": "out of fallen old growth oak trees and pipes salvaged from the Alaskan Pipeline, and using recycled carpets and other various cast-off items, John designed an eco-friendly workspace. Fluevog \"Angel\" soles are resoleable and made from hevea tree latex, a natural latex harvested in Vietnam. Some styles have been made using vegetable tanned leathers. Fluevog has also released remakes of successful styles using hemp instead of leather, making the shoes vegan. In 2002, Fluevog created an online site where anyone can submit shoe designs. If a submission is selected, the shoe is named after its creator. As of April 2015,", "title": "John Fluevog" }, { "id": "3671007", "score": "1.55425", "text": "soles to which a leather upper was attached. The sole and heel were made from one piece of maple or ash two inches thick, and a little longer and broader than the desired size of shoe. The outer side of the sole and heel was fashioned with a long chisel-edged implement, called the clogger’s knife or stock; while a second implement, called the groover, made a groove around the side of the sole. With the use of a 'hollower', the inner sole's contours were adapted to the shape of the foot. The leather uppers were then fitted closely to the", "title": "Shoemaking" }, { "id": "3201482", "score": "1.545212", "text": "Shoe-last celt A shoe-last celt (German: \"Schuhleistenkeil\") is a long thin polished stone tool for felling trees and woodworking, characteristic of the early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik and Hinkelstein cultures, also called Danubian I in the older literature. The tools are square in profile with a rounded top, which is why they are compared with shoe makers' lasts. The preferred material is amphibolite; basalt is also used. In regards to the typology of neolithic adzes, initially two types were distinguished, When width exceeds thickness they were named flat adzes (\"Flachhacke\"), when thickness exceeds width shoe-last adzes (\"Schuhleistenkeile\"), or \"high adzes\". Within the", "title": "Shoe-last celt" }, { "id": "7081717", "score": "1.5449799", "text": "the pattern creates a U-shaped design around the toe box. Moccasin A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been \"worked\") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather). The sole is soft and flexible and the upper part often is adorned with embroidery or beading. Though sometimes worn inside, it is chiefly intended for outdoor use. Historically, it is the footwear of many indigenous people of North America; moreover, hunters, traders,", "title": "Moccasin" }, { "id": "3671005", "score": "1.5439111", "text": "engage in shoemaking have included the cordwainer's and cobbler's trades. Today, shoes are often made on a volume basis, rather than a craft basis. For most of history, shoemaking has been a handicraft, limited to time consuming manufacturing by hand. Traditional shoemakers used more than 15 different techniques of making shoes. Some of these were: pegged construction, English welted (machine-made versions are referred to as \"Goodyear welted\" after the inventor of the technique), goyser welted, Norwegian, stitchdown, turnout, German sewn, moccasin, bolognese stitched, and blake-stitched. The most basic foot protection, used since ancient times in the Mediterranean area, was the", "title": "Shoemaking" }, { "id": "3644208", "score": "1.5434206", "text": "made approximately in the shape of a human foot, the precise shape is tailored to the kind of footwear being made. For example, a boot last would be designed to hug the instep for a close fit. Modern last shapes are typically designed using dedicated computer-aided design software. Historically, lasts were typically made from hardwoods and cast iron because these materials retain their shape, even when in contact with wet materials (like leather) and subjected to the mechanical stresses of stretching and shaping shoes on them. Today, wooden lasts are generally used only for bespoke shoemaking, particularly in Europe and", "title": "Last" }, { "id": "9658024", "score": "1.5373309", "text": "woven string soles and occasionally thin wooden soles. Later more elaborate upper designs were created by saddlers and leather workers. The modern huarache developed from the adoption in the 1930s of rubber soles developed from used rubber car-tires. Modern designs vary in style from a simplistic sandal to a more complex shoe, using both traditional leather as well as more modern synthetic materials. Many shoes claim to be huaraches, but they are still traditionally only considered a huarache if they are handmade, and have a woven-leather form in the upper. Huaraches are mentioned in the lyrics of the Beach Boys", "title": "Huarache (shoe)" }, { "id": "2274457", "score": "1.5363284", "text": "wooden footwear was introduced. After WW2, in particular, wooden shoes disappeared from sight. They were replaced by more fashionable all-leather and synthetic footwear. At present, only the so-called Swedish clogs (wooden bottom and leather top) is still seen as a trendy fashion item, often as ladies’ high-heeled boots. Nevertheless, traditional wooden footwear is still popular in several regions in Europe and in some occupations, for its practical use. Some historic local variations have recently been replaced by uniform national models. More information on the various methods of manufacture can be found from the gallery below. Presented below are typical clogs", "title": "Clog" }, { "id": "2274455", "score": "1.5361536", "text": "front \"tooth\" as the wearer strides forward. Some medieval pattens were in two pieces, heel through to ball and ball to toes. Joining the two was a leather strip forming a hinge, thus allowing the shoe above to flex. The origin of wooden footwear in Europe is not precisely known. De Boer-Olij reference to the high, thick-soled boots of the Greek tragedy actors in Antiquity (the buskin) and to the shoes worn by Roman soldiers (the caligae). However, there is a possibility that the Celtic and Germanic peoples from Southern- and Northern Europe were familiar with some sort of wooden", "title": "Clog" }, { "id": "371799", "score": "1.5352898", "text": "sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for hundreds or even thousands of dollars a pair. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots designed specifically for mountaineering or skiing. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather, wood or canvas, but in the 2010s, they are increasingly made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials. Though the human foot is adapted to varied terrain and climate conditions, it is still vulnerable to environmental hazards such as sharp rocks and temperature extremes, which", "title": "Shoe" }, { "id": "7238837", "score": "1.5301214", "text": "the shoe, when a man refused his brother's wife: if the \"shoe\" was plucked off it was regarded; but if the \"sandal\", it was not minded: this was the old tradition, though custom went against it. Sandals were made of harder leather than shoes, and sometimes of wood covered with leather, and stuck with nails, to make them more durable; though sometimes of bulrushes, and bark of palm trees, and of cork, which were light to walk with. Of what sort these were, the disciples were allowed to travel with, is not certain: that is, with more than one staff,", "title": "Matthew 10" }, { "id": "5683683", "score": "1.5249887", "text": "are now very popular in the West too. Like Mojaris, these are long shoes with the end curled upwards.They have been traditionally handed over generations with each generation contributing some variation to it. These are the traditional ethnic Indian Footwear. They are usually made of fine leather and are delicately embroidered with threads or beads. Juttis are slip-on in style and are characterized by rising high to the Achilles' tendon in the back and covering the toes with a round or M-shaped heavily-embroidered upper shoe and leaving the top of the foot nearly bare. Some of them are handmade and", "title": "Jutti" }, { "id": "492060", "score": "1.5246403", "text": "certain countries around the world. Modern footwear is usually made up of leather or plastic, and rubber. In fact, leather was one of the original materials used for the first versions of a shoe. The soles can be made of rubber or plastic, sometimes having a sheet of metal inside. Roman sandals had sheets of metal on their soles so that it would not bend out of shape. More recently, footwear providers like Nike, have begun to source environmentally friendly materials. In Europe, the footwear industry has declined in the last years. Whereas in 2005, there were about 27,000 firms,", "title": "Footwear" }, { "id": "17215656", "score": "1.5242805", "text": "The process of creating a traditional shoe involves up to 72 individual processes, the most important of which is the stitching. This is performed using a needle made from a boar bristle, rather than a manufactured steel needle, due to the need for flexibility. The following table shows the main types of traditional Korean shoe made by the \"hwahyejang\": Hwahyejang Hwahyejang () are craftsmen who construct traditional Korean footwear. The shoes are classified into \"hwa\" (shoes that go over the ankle) and \"hye\" (shoes that do not cover the ankle), hence the compound word \"\"hwahyejang\"\". Historically, the two distinct types", "title": "Hwahyejang" }, { "id": "6285899", "score": "1.5160701", "text": "Bast shoe Bast shoes are shoes made primarily from bast — fiber taken from the bark of trees such as linden or birch. They are a kind of basket, woven and fitted to the shape of a foot. Bast shoes are an obsolete traditional footwear of the forest areas of Northern Europe, formerly worn by poorer members of the Finnic peoples, Balts,Russians and Belarussians. They were easy to manufacture, but not durable. Bast shoes have been worn since prehistoric times. Wooden foot-shaped blocks (lasts) for shaping them have been found in neolithic excavations, e.g. 4900 years old. Bast shoes were", "title": "Bast shoe" } ]

[ "buffaloes", "buffaloe", "buffalo album", "buffalo afl", "Buffalos", "Buffalo", "bufallo", "Bufallo", "buffalo ship", "buffalo", "Buffaloes", "Buffalo (disambiguation)", "buffalo zoology", "Buffalo (vehicle)", "Buffalo (ship)", "Buffaloe", "Buffalo (AFL)", "buffalos", "Buffalo (album)", "Buffalo (zoology)", "buffalo vehicle", "buffalo disambiguation" ]

[ { "id": "605973", "score": "1.6818832", "text": "American bison The American bison or simply bison (\"Bison bison\"), also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. Their historical range, by 9000 BC, is described as the great bison belt, a tract of rich grassland that ran from Alaska to the Gulf of Mexico, east to the Atlantic Seaboard (nearly to the Atlantic tidewater in some areas) as far north as New York and south to Georgia and per some sources down to Florida, with sightings in North Carolina near Buffalo Ford", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "606026", "score": "1.6629815", "text": "and does not feature any writing, while the North Dakota state quarter has two bison. The Montana state quarter prominently features a bison skull over a landscape. The Yellowstone National Park quarter also features a bison standing next to a geyser. Other institutions which have adopted the bison as a symbol or mascot include: American bison The American bison or simply bison (\"Bison bison\"), also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. Their historical range, by 9000 BC, is described as the great", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "14294570", "score": "1.65137", "text": "H The American bison (Bison bison) is a North American species of bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo. These bison once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds; their range roughly formed a triangle between the Great Bear Lake in Canada's far northwest, south to the Mexican states of Durango and Nuevo León, and east along the western boundary of the Appalachian Mountains. Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae Occurrence: Open forests, brushy areas E W R The bobcat (\"Lynx rufus\") is a North American mammal of the cat family, Felidae. With twelve recognized subspecies, it ranges from", "title": "Mammals of Glacier National Park (U.S.)" }, { "id": "15505045", "score": "1.6457341", "text": "and is listed in many dictionaries as an acceptable name for American Buffalo or bison. In reference to this animal, the term \"buffalo\", dates to 1635 in North American usage when the term was first recorded for the American mammal. It thus has a much longer history than the term \"bison\", which was first recorded in 1774. The American bison is very closely related to the wisent or European bison. American Bison once numbered in the millions, perhaps between 25 million and 60 million by some estimates, and they were possibly the most numerous large land animal on earth. However,", "title": "Yellowstone Park bison herd" }, { "id": "606024", "score": "1.6332979", "text": "White Buffalo Calf Woman, their primary cultural prophet and the bringer of their \"Seven Sacred Rites\". Among the Mandan and Hidatsa, the White Buffalo Cow Society was the most sacred of societies for women. The American bison is often used in North America in official seals, flags, and logos. In 2016, the American bison became the national mammal of the United States. The bison is a popular symbol in the Great Plains states: Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming have adopted the animal as their official state mammal, and many sports teams have chosen the bison as their mascot. In Canada, the", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "American bison\n\nThe American bison (Bison bison) is a species of bison native to North America. Sometimes colloquially referred to as American buffalo or simply buffalo (a different clade of bovine), it is one of two extant species of bison, alongside the European bison. Its historical range, by 9000 BC, is described as the great bison belt, a tract of rich grassland that ran from Alaska to the Gulf of Mexico, east to the Atlantic Seaboard (nearly to the Atlantic tidewater in some areas) as far north as New York, south to Georgia and, according to some sources, further south to Florida, with sightings in North Carolina near Buffalo Ford on the Catawba River as late as 1750. Once roaming in vast herds, the species nearly became extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century and introduction of bovine diseases from domestic cattle. With a population in excess of 60 million in the late 18th century, the species was culled down to just 541 animals by 1889. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 31,000 wild bison as of March 2019. For many years, the population was primarily found in a few national parks and reserves. Through multiple reintroductions, the species now freely roams wild in several regions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with it also being introduced to Yakutia in Russia.\n\nTwo subspecies or ecotypes have been described: the plains bison (\"B. b. bison\"), smaller in size and with a more rounded hump, and the wood bison (\"B. b. athabascae\")—the larger of the two and having a taller, square hump. Furthermore, the plains bison has been suggested to consist of a northern plains (\"B. b. montanae\") and a southern plains (\"B. b. bison\") subspecies, bringing the total to three. Among extant land animals in North America, the bison is the heaviest and the longest, and the second tallest after the moose.\n\nSpanning back many millennia, Native American tribes have had cultural and spiritual connections to the American bison. It is the national mammal of the United States of America.", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bison\n\nBison are large bovines in the genus Bison (Greek: \"wild ox\" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.\n\nOf the two surviving species, the American bison, \"B. bison\", found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, \"B. b. bison\", and the wood bison, \"B. b. athabascae\", which is the namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. A third subspecies, the eastern bison (\"B. b. pennsylvanicus\") is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of \"B. b. bison\". References to \"woods bison\" or \"wood bison\" from the eastern United States refer to this subspecies, not \"B. b. athabascae\", which was not found in the region. The European bison, \"B. bonasus\", or wisent, or zubr, or colloquially European buffalo, is found in Europe and the Caucasus, reintroduced after being extinct in the wild.\n\nWhile bison species have been traditionally classified in their own genus, modern genetics indicates that they are nested within the genus \"Bos,\" which includes, among others, cattle, yaks and gaur, being most closely related to yaks. Bison are sometimes bred with domestic cattle and produce offspring called beefalo or zubron.", "title": "Bison" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bison hunting\n\nBison hunting (hunting of the American bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo) was an activity fundamental to the economy and society of the Plains Indians peoples who inhabited the vast grasslands on the Interior Plains of North America, prior to the animal's near-extinction in the late 19th century following US expansion into the West. Bison hunting was an important spiritual practice and source of material for these groups, especially after the European introduction of the horse in the 16th through 18th centuries enabled new hunting techniques. The species' dramatic decline was the result of habitat loss due to the expansion of ranching and farming in western North America, industrial-scale hunting practiced by non-Indigenous hunters, increased Indigenous hunting pressure due to non-Indigenous demand for bison hides and meat, and cases of deliberate policy by settler governments to destroy the food source of the Indigenous peoples during times of conflict.", "title": "Bison hunting" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Beefalo\n\nBeefalo constitute a hybrid offspring of domestic cattle (\"Bos taurus\"), usually a male in managed breeding programs, and the American bison (\"Bison bison\"), usually a female in managed breeding programs. The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals for beef production.\n\nBeefalo are primarily cattle in genetics and appearance, with the breed association defining a full Beefalo as one with three-eighths (37.5%) bison genetics, while animals with higher percentages of bison genetics are called \"bison hybrids\".", "title": "Beefalo" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "European bison\n\nThe European bison (Bison bonasus) or the European wood bison, also known as the wisent ( or ), the zubr (), or sometimes colloquially as the European buffalo, is a European species of bison. It is one of two extant species of bison, alongside the American bison. The European bison is the heaviest wild land animal in Europe, and individuals in the past may have been even larger than their modern-day descendants. During late antiquity and the Middle Ages, bison became extinct in much of Europe and Asia, surviving into the 20th century only in northern-central Europe and the northern Caucasus Mountains. During the early years of the 20th century, bison were hunted to extinction in the wild.\n\nThe species — now numbering several thousand and returned to the wild by captive breeding programmes — is no longer in immediate danger of extinction, but remains absent from most of its historical range. It is not to be confused with the aurochs (\"Bos primigenius\"), the extinct ancestor of domestic cattle, with which it once co-existed.\n\nBesides humans, bison have few predators. In the 19th century, there were scattered reports of wolves, lions, tigers, and \nbears hunting bison. In the past, especially during the Middle Ages, humans commonly killed bison for their hide and meat. They used their horns to make drinking horns. \n\nEuropean bison were hunted to extinction in the wild in the early 20th century, with the last wild animals of the \"B. b. bonasus\" subspecies being shot in the Białowieża Forest (on today's Belarus–Poland border) in 1921. The last of the Caucasian wisent subspecies (\"B. b. caucasicus\") was shot in the northwestern Caucasus in 1927. The Carpathian wisent (\"B. b. hungarorum\") had been hunted to extinction by 1852. \n\nThe Białowieża or lowland European bison was kept alive in captivity, and has since been reintroduced into several countries in Europe. In 1996, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified the European bison as an endangered species, no longer extinct in the wild. Its status has improved since then, changing to vulnerable and later to near-threatened.\n\nEuropean bison were first scientifically described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Some later descriptions treat the European bison as conspecific with the American bison. Three subspecies of the European bison existed in the recent past, but only one, the nominate subspecies (\"B. b. bonasus\"), survives today. The ancestry and relationships of the wisent to fossil bison species remain controversial and disputed.\n\nThe European bison is one of the national animals of Poland and Belarus.", "title": "European bison" }, { "id": "6379867", "score": "1.6315775", "text": "with the French fur trappers who called these massive beasts , meaning ox or bullock—so both names, \"bison\" and \"buffalo\", have a similar meaning. Though the name \"bison\" might be considered to be more scientifically correct, as a result of standard usage the name \"buffalo\" is also considered correct and is listed in many dictionaries as an acceptable name for American buffalo or bison. In reference to this animal, the term \"buffalo\" dates to 1635 in North American usage when the term was first recorded for the American mammal. It thus has a much longer history than the term \"bison\",", "title": "Wood bison" }, { "id": "605975", "score": "1.6155634", "text": "and the wood bison (\"B. b. athabascae\")—the larger of the two and having a taller, square hump. Furthermore, the plains bison has been suggested to consist of a northern plains (\"B. b. montanae\") and a southern plains (\"B. b. bison\") subspecies, bringing the total to three. However, this is generally not supported. The wood bison is one of the largest wild species of bovid in the world, surpassed by only the Asian gaur and wild water buffalo. It is the largest extant land animal in the Americas. The American bison is the national mammal of the United States. The term", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "6379866", "score": "1.612083", "text": "Wood bison The wood bison (\"Bison bison athabascae\") or mountain bison (often called the wood buffalo or mountain buffalo), is a distinct northern subspecies or ecotype of the American bison. Its original range included much of the boreal forest regions of Alaska, Yukon, western Northwest Territories, northeastern British Columbia, northern Alberta, and northwestern Saskatchewan. The term \"buffalo\" is sometimes considered to be a misnomer for this animal, as it is only distantly related to either of the two \"true buffalo\", the Asian water buffalo and the African buffalo. However, \"bison\" is a Greek word meaning ox-like animal, while \"buffalo\" originated", "title": "Wood bison" }, { "id": "605976", "score": "1.5999777", "text": "\"buffalo\" is sometimes considered to be a misnomer for this animal, and could be confused with \"true\" buffalos, the Asian water buffalo and the African buffalo. However, \"bison\" is a Greek word meaning ox-like animal, while \"buffalo\" originated with the French fur trappers who called these massive beasts , meaning ox or bullock—so both names, \"bison\" and \"buffalo\", have a similar meaning. The name \"buffalo\" is listed in many dictionaries as an acceptable name for American buffalo or bison. Samuel de Champlain applied the term buffalo (\"buffles\" in French) to the bison in 1616 (published 1619), after seeing skins and", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "606025", "score": "1.5906737", "text": "bison is the official animal of the province of Manitoba and appears on the Manitoba flag. It is also used in the official coat of arms of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Several American coins feature the bison, most famously on the reverse side of the \"buffalo nickel\" from 1913 to 1938. In 2005, the United States Mint coined a nickel with a new depiction of the bison as part of its \"Westward Journey\" series. The Kansas and North Dakota state quarters, part of the \"50 State Quarter\" series, each feature bison. The Kansas state quarter has only the bison", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "55412", "score": "1.5777797", "text": "a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of \"B. b. bison\". References to \"Woods Bison\" or \"Wood Bison\" from the eastern United States confusingly refer to this subspecies, not \"B. b. athabascae\", which was not found in the region. The European bison, \"B. bonasus\", or \"wisent\", is found in Europe and the Caucasus, reintroduced after being extinct in the wild. While all bison species are classified in their own genus, they are sometimes bred with domestic cattle (genus \"Bos\") and produce fertile offspring called beefalo or zubron. The American bison and the European bison (wisent) are the largest surviving terrestrial", "title": "Bison" }, { "id": "55441", "score": "1.5741107", "text": "seeing skins and a drawing shown to him by members of the Nipissing First Nation, who said they travelled forty days (from east of Lake Huron) to trade with another nation who hunted the animals. Though \"bison\" might be considered more scientifically correct, as a result of standard usage, \"buffalo\" is also considered correct and is listed in many dictionaries as an acceptable name for American buffalo or bison. Buffalo has a much longer history than bison, which was first recorded in 1774. Humans were almost exclusively accountable for the near-extinction of the American bison in the 1800s. At the", "title": "Bison" }, { "id": "3412020", "score": "1.5738175", "text": "of Philadelphia. In 1852 Leidy referred \"Bison antiquus\", the North American fossil bison, to the genus \"Bison\", the first to do so. Sometimes called the \"ancient bison\", it was the most common large herbivore of the North American continent for over ten thousand years, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison. Leidy was also a renowned parasitologist, and determined as early as 1846 that trichinosis was caused by a parasite in undercooked meat. He was also a pioneering protozoologist, publishing \"Fresh-water Rhizopods of North America\" in 1879 – a work that is still referenced today. Leidy collected", "title": "Joseph Leidy" }, { "id": "605977", "score": "1.568418", "text": "a drawing shown to him by members of the Nipissing First Nation, who said they travelled forty days (from east of Lake Huron) to trade with another nation who hunted the animals. In English usage, the term \"buffalo\" dates to 1625 in North America, when the term was first recorded for the American mammal. It thus has a much longer history than the term \"bison\", which was first recorded in 1774. The American bison is very closely related to the European bison (also known as wisent or the European wood bison). In Plains Indian languages in general, male and female", "title": "American bison" }, { "id": "55411", "score": "1.5670685", "text": "species to go extinct, \"B. occidentalis\", was succeeded at 3,000 BC by \"B. bison\". Of the two surviving species, the American bison, \"B. bison\", found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although commonly known as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, \"B. b. bison\", and the Wood bison, \"B. b. athabascae\", which is the namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. A third subspecies, the Eastern Bison (\"B. b. pennsylvanicus\") is no longer considered", "title": "Bison" }, { "id": "15505044", "score": "1.5669274", "text": "called \"buffalo\" by park visitors. The term \"buffalo\" is sometimes considered to be a misnomer for this animal, as it is only distantly related to either of the two \"true buffalo\", the Asian water buffalo and the African buffalo. However, \"bison\" is a Greek word meaning ox-like animal, while \"buffalo\" originated with the French fur trappers who called these massive beasts , meaning ox or bullock—so both names, \"bison\" and \"buffalo\", have a similar meaning. Though the name \"Bison\" might be considered to be more scientifically correct, as a result of standard usage the name \"buffalo\" is also considered correct", "title": "Yellowstone Park bison herd" }, { "id": "8086216", "score": "1.5594925", "text": "Bison antiquus Bison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago. It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison. During the later Pleistocene epoch, between 240,000 and 220,000 years ago, steppe wisent (\"B. priscus\") migrated from Siberia into Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge. \"Bison priscus\" inhabited northern North America throughout the remainder of the Pleistocene. In western North America, \"B. priscus\" evolved into long-horned bison,", "title": "Bison antiquus" }, { "id": "15495260", "score": "1.5520524", "text": "there were no known attempts at hybridization between these bison and cattle, but recent genetic studies have called this into question. Officially, the \"American Buffalo\" is classified by the United States Government as a type of cattle, and the government allows private herds to be managed as such. This is a reflection of the characteristics that bison share with cattle. Though the American bison (Species: Bison bison) is not only a separate species, but actually in a separate genus from domestic cattle (Bos primigenius), they clearly have a lot of genetic compatibility and American bison can interbreed freely with cattle.", "title": "Antelope Island bison herd" }, { "id": "6379874", "score": "1.5514135", "text": "Aboriginal groups, and the cattle industry rapidly encroaching on the park's boundaries. Disease management strategies and initiatives began in the 1950s, and have yet to result in a reduction of the incidence of either disease despite considerable expenditure and increased public involvement. Wood bison The wood bison (\"Bison bison athabascae\") or mountain bison (often called the wood buffalo or mountain buffalo), is a distinct northern subspecies or ecotype of the American bison. Its original range included much of the boreal forest regions of Alaska, Yukon, western Northwest Territories, northeastern British Columbia, northern Alberta, and northwestern Saskatchewan. The term \"buffalo\" is", "title": "Wood bison" }, { "id": "6379868", "score": "1.5453234", "text": "which was first recorded in 1774. The American bison is very closely related to the wisent or European bison. In comparison to plains bison (the other surviving North American subspecies/ecotype), wood bison is larger and heavier, with large males reaching long without tails and tall at withers and in weight, making it morphologically more similar to at least one of chronological subspecies of ancestral steppe bisons (\"Bison priscus\" sp.) and the largest terrestrial living animal in North America. The highest point of the wood bison is well ahead of its front legs, while the plains bison's highest point is directly", "title": "Wood bison" } ]

[ "Radio City Music Hall", "international music hall", "rcmh", "radio city music hall", "RCMH", "International Music Hall" ]

[ { "id": "20452023", "score": "1.9337271", "text": "second site to open, on December 27, 1932, although it had topped out in August. This was followed by the RKO Roxy's opening two days later. Roxy originally intended to use the Music Hall as a vaudeville theater, but the opening of the Music Hall was widely regarded as a flop, and both theaters ended up being used for films and performing arts. Radio City's Roxy Theatre had to be renamed the Center Theatre in May 1933 after a lawsuit by William Fox, who owned the original Roxy Theatre on 50th Street. The failure of the vaudeville theater ended up", "title": "Construction of Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "1427378", "score": "1.914382", "text": "hall opened in December 1932. The Music Hall seats 6,000 people, and since opening has seen over 300 million visitors. Located in a niche adjacent to the neighboring 1270 Avenue of the Americas, the Music Hall is housed under the building's seventh-floor setback. The other building on the block between 50th and 51st Streets is 1270 Avenue of the Americas, a 31-story structure with a setback on the sixth floor. Originally the RKO Building, it was built over the Music Hall and shares many of the same exterior architectural details. Construction of the building started in 1931, and the building", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "6623296", "score": "1.9126697", "text": "Center as a location for the Metropolitan Opera, but these plans were shelved and the plans eventually evolved into a mass media complex, leading to the construction of Rockefeller Center. The complex's flagship RCA Building (now 30 Rockefeller Plaza) opened in May 1933. Shortly after the RCA Building's opening, there were plans to use the space above the 64th floor as a public \"amusement center\". That section of the building had several terraces, which could be used to construct a dance floor, observatory, restaurant, and landscaped terrace gardens. Frank W. Darling quit his job as head of Rye's Playland in", "title": "Rainbow Room" }, { "id": "7968951", "score": "1.8960485", "text": "November 1931, and it opened December 29, 1932 with the RKO film \"The Animal Kingdom\" and a live stage show. It was intended as a smaller sister to the 6,000 seat Radio City Music Hall one block away, which at first did not show films. The smaller theater was named after producer Samuel L. Rothafel, aka \"Roxy\", who was engaged by Rockefeller Center to supervise the design and operation of the two theaters. After the initial failure of the Music Hall in its first weeks, Rothafel suffered a heart attack and never returned to his new theaters. A successful lawsuit", "title": "Center Theatre (New York City)" }, { "id": "15335326", "score": "1.8622127", "text": "Hendrix, B.B. King, Diana Ross, James Brown, and Prince. As the Great Depression hit in 1929, John Rockefeller was the owner of a strip in Manhattan that was known as the ‘Speakeasy Belt’ worth ninety-one million dollars. He decided that he wanted to build upon the land he owned and eventually came to open the Rockefeller center as well as Radio City Music Hall. Opening under the title of an Opera House, Radio City Music Hall was a beautiful sight that even the general public was given an opportunity to enjoy due to the tickets being relatively cheap in comparison", "title": "Music of New York (state)" }, { "id": "20452044", "score": "1.8610747", "text": "allowed artificial outdoor ice skating, enabling him to bring the pastime to Midtown Manhattan. The new rink was open by Christmas 1936. The rink was originally intended as a \"temporary\" measure, but it became popular, and so it was kept. By 1936, ten buildings had been built and about 80% of the existing space had been rented. The buildings, constituting the first phase of construction, were the International Building; the four small retail buildings; the RKO Building; the Center Theatre; the Music Hall; the RCA Building; and the RCA Building's western extension. The total investment in the center up to", "title": "Construction of Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "7968950", "score": "1.8569849", "text": "Center Theatre (New York City) The Center Theatre was a theater located at 1230 Sixth Avenue, the southeast corner of West 49th Street in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Seating 3,500, it was originally designed as a movie palace in 1932 and later achieved fame as a showcase for live musical ice-skating spectacles. It was demolished in 1954, the only building in the original Rockefeller Center complex to have been torn down. The Center Theatre was originally called the RKO Roxy Theatre and built as part of the construction of the Rockefeller Center. The RKO Roxy started construction in", "title": "Center Theatre (New York City)" }, { "id": "1427340", "score": "1.8553904", "text": "April 1933. The RCA Building's opening was delayed from May 1 to mid-May because of a controversy over \"Man at the Crossroads\", a painting in the building's lobby, which was later covered up and removed. A new street through the complex, Rockefeller Plaza, was constructed in stages between 1933 and 1937. The complex's famed Christmas tree in the center of the plaza was erected for the first time in December 1933, and the complex's Prometheus statue was constructed in May 1934. By July 1934, the complex had leased 80% of the available space in the six buildings that were already", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "1465509", "score": "1.8435291", "text": "The planned opera house was canceled in December 1929 due to various issues, but Rockefeller made a deal with RCA to develop Rockefeller Center as a mass media complex with four theaters. This was later downsized to two theaters. Samuel Roxy Rothafel, a successful theater operator who was renowned for his domination of the city's theater industry, joined the center's advisory board in 1930. He offered to build two theaters: a large vaudeville \"International Music Hall\" on the northernmost block with more than 6,200 seats, and the smaller 3,500-seat \"RKO Roxy\" movie theater on the southernmost block. The idea for", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "id": "1427374", "score": "1.828552", "text": "to the nearby Roxy Theatre, which Rothafel had originally managed. The 3,700-seat Center Theatre had a short massing (general shape) in place due to height restrictions at the time, which prohibited construction above theater auditoriums. Due to its duplication of the larger Radio City Music Hall's activities, it was deemed uneconomical almost from its opening, The theater's stage was enlarged for musicals in 1936, and four years later, 380 seats were removed in order to make way for an ice rink for skating spectactulars. It showed film, musicals, ice-skating competitions, and television through its 21-year existence. Since the Center Theatre", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "7968958", "score": "1.823091", "text": "University purchased the stage lifts and turntables from the Center Theatre and reassembled them in its Rodeheaver Auditorium, where the mechanisms are still in use today. Center Theatre (New York City) The Center Theatre was a theater located at 1230 Sixth Avenue, the southeast corner of West 49th Street in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Seating 3,500, it was originally designed as a movie palace in 1932 and later achieved fame as a showcase for live musical ice-skating spectacles. It was demolished in 1954, the only building in the original Rockefeller Center complex to have been torn down. The", "title": "Center Theatre (New York City)" }, { "id": "1427339", "score": "1.816835", "text": "leave their property, and Rockefeller Center was built around these buildings. Excavation of the Sixth Avenue side of the complex began in July 1931, and construction on the first buildings—the Music Hall and Center Theatre—began in September and November, respectively. The plans for the complex notably included Indiana Limestone on the facades of the fourteen planned buildings, and the builders ordered of limestone in December 1931, the largest such order at the time. The RKO Building was the first structure to be completed, in September 1932, followed by the Music Hall in December 1932 and the British Empire Building in", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "1465508", "score": "1.805563", "text": "Awards, the MTV Video Music Awards, and the NFL Draft. The construction of Rockefeller Center occurred between 1932 and 1940 on land that John D. Rockefeller Jr. leased from Columbia University. The Rockefeller Center site was originally supposed to be occupied by a new opera house for the Metropolitan Opera. By 1928, Benjamin Wistar Morris and designer Joseph Urban were hired to come up with blueprints for the house. However, the new building was too expensive for the opera to fund by itself, and it needed an endowment, and the project ultimately gained the support of John D. Rockefeller Jr.", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "id": "1427342", "score": "1.8005646", "text": "early May. In 1936, an ice skating rink replaced the unprofitable retail space on the lower plaza, below ground level. The 36-story Time & Life Building, named for anchor tenant Time Inc., was completed in November 1936, replacing an empty plot on the southern block that had been used for vehicle parking. Eleven buildings had been completed by 1937 at a total cost of over $100 million. A building for Associated Press on the northern block's empty lot, which had been reserved for the Metropolitan Opera house, was topped out by June 1938 and occupied by December of that year.", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "1465505", "score": "1.7981255", "text": "Radio City Music Hall Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue at 1260 Avenue of the Americas, within Rockefeller Center, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Nicknamed the Showplace of the Nation, it was for a time the leading tourist destination in the city. The venue is notable as the headquarters for the precision dance company, the Rockettes. Radio City Music Hall was built on a plot of land that was originally intended for a Metropolitan Opera House. The opera house plans were canceled in 1929, leading to the construction of Rockefeller Center. The new complex included two theaters,", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "id": "20451993", "score": "1.7920649", "text": "never published in any of the official blueprints. Meanwhile, proposals for a Metropolitan Opera House on the site persisted. Official plans for a facility to the east of the RKO Roxy were filed in April 1932; the projected 4,042-seat opera facility would contain features such as a second-floor esplanade extending across 50th Street. However, the Met was unable to fund such a move, so the proposed new opera house was relegated to tentative status. In September 1931, a group of NBC managers and architects toured Europe to find performers and look at theater designs. However, the group did not find", "title": "Construction of Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "1427330", "score": "1.7842367", "text": "a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is noted for the large quantities of art present in almost all of its Art Deco buildings, as well as its Radio City section and its ice-skating rink. The complex is also famous for its annual lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree. The first private owner of the site was physician David Hosack, who purchased twenty acres of rural land from New York City in 1801 for $5,000 and opened the country's first botanical garden, the Elgin Botanic Garden, on the site. The gardens operated until 1811, and by 1823, ended up", "title": "Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "20451994", "score": "1.7836833", "text": "any significant architectural details that they could use in the Radio City theaters. In any case, Roxy's friend Peter B. Clark turned out to have much more innovative designs for the proposed theaters than the Europeans did. The Music Hall was designed by architect Edward Durell Stone and interior designer Donald Deskey in the Art Deco style. Eugene Schoen was selected to design the RKO Roxy. In December 1931, the Rockefeller Center Corporation put forth its expanded plans for the underground pedestrian mall. It would now include a series of people mover tunnels, similar to the U.S. Capitol subway, which", "title": "Construction of Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "20451992", "score": "1.780028", "text": "thus, only these two theaters were constructed. Samuel \"Roxy\" Rothafel, a successful theater operator who was renowned for his dominance of the city's theater industry, joined the center's advisory board in 1930. He offered to build two theaters: a large, vaudeville \"International Music Hall\", on the northernmost block, with more than 6,200 seats; and the smaller, 3,500-seat \"RKO Roxy\" movie theater on the southernmost block. The idea for these theaters was inspired by Roxy's failed expansion of the 5,920-seat Roxy Theatre on 50th Street, one-and-a-half blocks away. Roxy also envisioned an elevated promenade between the two theaters, but this was", "title": "Construction of Rockefeller Center" }, { "id": "20348516", "score": "1.776337", "text": "Rockefeller's Rockefeller's is a live music venue located at 3620 Washington Avenue in Houston, Texas. In 1979, Sanford and Susan Criner opened Rockefeller's to serve as a performance space for Houston's music scene. The Criners wanted to create a place where both local talent and already-established acts could play to Houston crowds. They already owned a former bank building, designed by Joseph Finger in 1925; they turned it into a club and used proceeds to renovate the space. The building’s architecture lent itself to a unique performance space. The old bank vault became an artists’ dressing room, while the large", "title": "Rockefeller's" } ]

[ "plum", "Alubukhara", "Culture of plum", "gages", "Plum", "Plums", "culture of plum", "prunello", "plum tree", "Plum tree", "prunus subg prunus", "Plum (botany)", "Gages", "plums", "plum botany", "Prunello", "alubukhara", "Prunus subg. Prunus" ]

[ { "id": "3153974", "score": "1.9764273", "text": "Snap\" (1890), thirteen different nursery rhymes form the suits to be collected. Jack Horner’s adventures with his pie have frequently been referenced in humorous and political cartoons on three continents. In an 1862 issue of \"Punch\", Abraham Lincoln pulls the captured New Orleans out of his pie.. And in the following century a copy of the \"Tacoma Times\" pictured a Japanese Jack pulling a battleship from the Russian pie during the Russo-Japanese war. In other contexts the rhyme was applied to Australian politics in the \"Melbourne Punch\"; to a Canadian railway scandal; to income tax relief in Ireland; and to", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153971", "score": "1.8663275", "text": "level, the nursery rhyme's hearty celebration of appetite seems an endorsement of greediness. It was not long, therefore, before educators of the young began to rewrite the poem in order to recommend an alternative attitude. In \"The Renowned History of Little Jack Horner\", dating from the 1820s, generous Jack gives his pie to a poor woman on his way to school and is rewarded with a newly baked pie on his return home. The poem concludes by reversing the picture presented in the original rhyme: <poem style=\"margin-left:24px> Now let every good boy, With a sweetmeat or toy, Not slyly sneak", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153972", "score": "1.8228841", "text": "into a corner, But to playmates repair And give them a share.</poem> The poem was republished later with different illustrations as \"The Amusing History of Little Jack Horner\" (1830–32) and again with different illustrations as \"Park’s Amusing History of Little Jack Horner\" (1840). And in America the same recommendation to share with friends was made by Fanny E. Lacy in the first of the expanded \"Juvenile Songs\" of her composition. Yet another collection of rewritten rhymes published in 1830 features a Jack Horner who is unable even to spell the word ‘pie’ (spelled pye in the original version). After such", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153975", "score": "1.8157458", "text": "David Lloyd George’s use of his party political fund. Other humorous uses of the nursery rhyme include a comic variation in Guy Wetmore Carryl’s \"Mother Goose for Grown Ups\" (New York, 1900) in which Jack breaks his tooth on a plum stone, and one of Lee G. Kratz’s \"Humorous Quartets for Men’s Voices\" (Boston, 1905) in which the pie is stolen by a cat. In the chapbook \"The History of Jack Horner, Containing the Witty Pranks he play'd, from his Youth to his Riper Years, Being pleasant for Winter Evenings\" (mid-18th century), there is a summarised version of the nursery", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153967", "score": "1.8054395", "text": "but JACK HORNERS, who snug in their corners, Till each with his thumb has squeezed out a round plum, Soon after, Thomas Love Peacock took up the theme in his satirical novel \"Melincourt\" (1817). There five go-getting characters contribute to a song describing how they misuse their trades to fleece the public. It begins with the recitative: <poem style=\"margin-left:24px> Jack Horner's CHRISTMAS PIE my learned nurse Interpreted to mean the public purse. From thence a plum he drew. O happy Horner! Who would not be ensconced in thy snug corner? </poem> Each in turn then describes the nature of his", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Little Jack Horner\n\n\"Little Jack Horner\" is a popular English nursery rhyme with the Roud Folk Song Index number 13027. First mentioned in the 18th century, it was early associated with acts of opportunism, particularly in politics. Moralists also rewrote and expanded the poem so as to counter its celebration of greediness. The name of Jack Horner also came to be applied to a completely different and older poem on a folkloric theme; and in the 19th century it was claimed that the rhyme was originally composed in satirical reference to the dishonest actions of Thomas Horner in the Tudor period.", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Little Miss Muffet\n\n\"Little Miss Muffet\" is an English nursery rhyme of uncertain origin, first recorded in 1805. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 20605.", "title": "Little Miss Muffet" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Nursery rhyme\n\nA nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and many other countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.<ref name=\"Oxford\"/>\n\nFrom the mid-16th century nursery rhymes begin to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref name=\"Fox\"/> The first English collections, \"Tommy Thumb's Song Book\" and a sequel, \"Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book\", were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, \"Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle\" (London, 1780).", "title": "Nursery rhyme" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Three Little Kittens\n\n\"Three Little Kittens\" is an English language nursery rhyme, probably with roots in the British folk tradition. The rhyme as published today however is a sophisticated piece usually attributed to American poet Eliza Lee Cabot Follen (1787–1860). With the passage of time, the poem has been absorbed into the \"Mother Goose\" collection. The rhyme tells of three kittens who first lose, then find and soil, their mittens. When all is finally set to rights, the kittens receive their mother's approval and some pie. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 16150.\n\nThe poem was published in England in 1827 in a mock review by William Ewart Gladstone, writing as Bartholomew Bouverie, in The Eton Miscellany.\n\nA version was later published in 1833 as an anonymous addition to a volume of Follen's verse and in the United States in 1843. Follen may have developed and refined an existing, rude version of the poem, and, in the process, made it her own. The poem is a sophisticated production that avoids the typical moralization of 19th century children's literature in favour of anthropomorphic fantasy, satirical nonsense, and word play.", "title": "Three Little Kittens" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mixed-Up Mother Goose\n\nRoberta Williams' Mixed-Up Mother Goose is a computer game first released by Sierra On-Line in 1987. It is, in essence, an edutainment title, directed specifically at young gamers, as well as an adventure game. It was the first multimedia game released on CD-ROM in 1991. A second game in the series, \"Mixed-Up Fairy Tales\", was released in 1991.\n\nThe storyline of the game is very simple, as is common in games for children. One night, while preparing for bed, a child (which is the player's avatar) is sent into the dreamlike world of Mother Goose, who desperately needs help. All the nursery rhymes in the land have gotten mixed up, with none of the inhabitants possessing the items necessary for their rhyme to exist. And so, the child will find themselves helping Humpty Dumpty find a ladder to scramble onto a wall, bringing the little lamb back to Mary and seeking out a pail for Jack and Jill, among others.", "title": "Mixed-Up Mother Goose" }, { "id": "3153969", "score": "1.7583561", "text": "the Archaiology of Popular English Phrases and Nursery Rhymes\" (Southampton, 1834). Claiming to trace back the rhyme of Little Jack Horner to its \"Low Saxon\" origin, he then ‘translates’ the social criticism he discovers there and adds an anti-clerical commentary of his own. Such social criticism was reapplied in earnest to the 20th century in an antiauthoritarian lyric from Danbert Nobacon’s \"The Unfairy Tale\" (1985). The schoolboy Jack Horner is put in the corner for resisting the racist and self-regarding interpretation of history given by his teacher. But eventually the children rise up to defend him: <poem style=\"margin-left:36px;> But when", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153963", "score": "1.752142", "text": "Little Jack Horner \"Little Jack Horner\" is a popular English language nursery rhyme that has the Roud Folk Song Index number of 13027. First mentioned in the 18th century, it was early associated with acts of opportunism, particularly in politics. Moralists also rewrote and expanded the poem so as to counter its celebration of greediness. The name of Jack Horner also came to be applied to a completely different and older poem on a folkloric theme; and in the 19th century it was claimed that the rhyme was originally composed in satirical reference to the dishonest actions of Thomas Horner", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153965", "score": "1.748532", "text": "Nursery Songs\" (1870). The earliest reference to the well-known verse is in \"Namby Pamby\", a satire by Henry Carey published in 1725, in which he himself italicised lines dependent on the original: <poem style=\"margin-left:24px> Now he sings of \"Jackey Horner\" \"Sitting in the Chimney-Corner\" \"Eating of a Christmas pye,\" \"Putting in his thumb\", Oh fie! \"Putting in,\" Oh fie! \"his Thumb,\" \"Pulling out\", Oh strange! \"a Plum.\"</poem> This occurrence has been taken to suggest that the rhyme was well known by the early eighteenth century. Carey's poem ridicules fellow writer Ambrose Philips, who had written infantile poems for the young", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153968", "score": "1.7435237", "text": "sharp practice in his particular profession, followed by the general chorus \"And we'll all have a finger, a finger, a finger,/ We'll all have a finger in the CHRISTMAS PIE.\" Adeline Dutton Train Whitney likewise applied the nursery rhyme to opportunism in American society in \"Mother Goose for grown folks: a Christmas reading\" (New York 1860). The privileged little boy grows up to become \"John, Esquire\" and goes in search of richer plums, where he is joined in his quest by \"female Horners\". John Bellenden Ker Gawler charged the mediaeval legal profession with similar interested motives in his \"Essay on", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153964", "score": "1.740237", "text": "in the Tudor period. The song’s most common lyrics are: <poem style=\"margin-left:24px> Little Jack Horner Sat in the corner, Eating his Christmas pie; He put in his thumb, And pulled out a plum, And said, \"What a good boy am I!\"</poem> It was first documented in full in the nursery rhyme collection \"Mother Goose's melody, or, Sonnets for the cradle\", which may date from 1765, although the earliest surviving English edition is from 1791. The melody commonly associated with the rhyme was first recorded by the composer and nursery rhyme collector James William Elliott in his \"National Nursery Rhymes and", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153976", "score": "1.6788337", "text": "rhyme which Jack himself is said to have composed. However, it has been observed that the story is based on the much earlier Tudor tale of \"The Fryer and the Boy\", and that this insertion is merely to justify the use of Jack Horner's name. The book’s main purpose is to follow its hero’s career after he has left childhood behind. In the 19th century a story began to gain currency that the rhyme is actually about Thomas Horner, who was steward to Richard Whiting, the last abbot of Glastonbury before the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII of", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153970", "score": "1.6668186", "text": "the head walked in the children made such a din. They said, \"Jack get up, you got to get out, don't let them push you about, you know they'll keep you in that corner till you're dead. Jack get out, don't sell out, don't compromise with Christmas pies. Keep shouting back, you tell 'em Jack, don't swallow none of their crap. Calling Jack Horners everywhere, don't bend to authority which doesn't care, you know they'll keep you in that corner 'till you're dead.\" </poem> Jack Horner’s opportunism made him a target for adult moralists from the start. At a basic", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153978", "score": "1.6386428", "text": "that Thomas Horner became the owner of the manor, both his descendants and subsequent owners of Mells Manor have asserted that the legend is untrue and that Wells purchased the deed from the abbey. A Jack Horner bibliography of books in the public domain Little Jack Horner \"Little Jack Horner\" is a popular English language nursery rhyme that has the Roud Folk Song Index number of 13027. First mentioned in the 18th century, it was early associated with acts of opportunism, particularly in politics. Moralists also rewrote and expanded the poem so as to counter its celebration of greediness. The", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153977", "score": "1.6035018", "text": "England. It is asserted that, prior to the abbey's destruction, the abbot sent Horner to London with a huge Christmas pie which had the deeds to a dozen manors hidden within it as a gift to try to convince the King not to nationalise Church lands. During the journey Horner opened the pie and extracted the deeds of the manor of Mells in Somerset, which he kept for himself. It is further suggested that, since the manor properties included lead mines in the Mendip Hills, the plum is a pun on the Latin \"plumbum\", for lead. While records do indicate", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153973", "score": "1.5924001", "text": "an onslaught, it is something of a reformed Jack Horner, harnessed to educational aims, who appears on the Staffordshire Potteries ABC plates of the 1870s and 1880s, as well as on a Mintons tile for the nursery, where the feasting Jack is accompanied by a parental figure carrying keys. There was an educational aim in the card games where Jack Horner figured too. In the American version, originating with the McLoughlin Brothers in 1888, the object was to collect suits in the form of four different varieties of plum in their respective pies. In De La Rue’s \"Little Jack Horner", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "3153966", "score": "1.5890188", "text": "children of his aristocratic patrons. Although several other nursery rhymes are mentioned in his poem, the one about Little Jack Horner has been associated with acts of opportunism ever since. Just six years later it figured in another satirical work, Henry Fielding's \"The Grub Street Opera\" (1731). That had the prime minister Robert Walpole as its target and ended with all the characters processing off the stage \"to the music of Little Jack Horner\". The political theme was later taken up by Samuel Bishop, one of whose epigrams describes the Civil service bureaucracy and enquires: <poem style=\"margin-left:24px> What are they", "title": "Little Jack Horner" }, { "id": "1951118", "score": "1.586937", "text": "Orchard Halliwell was a notable collector of English nursery rhymes. Some of the best known nursery rhymes from Britain are \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\", \"Roses Are Red\", \"Jack and Jill\", \"Cock a doodle doo\", \"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep\", \"The Grand Old Duke of York\", \"London Bridge Is Falling Down\", \"Hey Diddle Diddle\", \"Three Blind Mice\", \"Little Miss Muffet\", \"Pat-a-cake\", \"Pop Goes the Weasel\", \"The Queen of Hearts\", \"Polly Put the Kettle On\", \"Peter Piper\", \"One, Two, Buckle My Shoe\", \"Hickory Dickory Dock\", \"One for Sorrow\", \"This Old Man\", \"Simple Simon\", \"Old Mother Hubbard\", \"Little Bo Peep\", \"Sing a Song of", "title": "Culture of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "5339264", "score": "1.507829", "text": "for the big toe to five for the little toe) is never stated. In 1728, the first line of the rhyme appeared in a medley called \"The Nurse's Song\". The first known full version was recorded in \"The Famous Tommy Thumb's Little Story-Book\", published in London about 1760. The full rhyme continued to appear, with slight variations, in many late 18th and early 19th century collections. Until the mid-20th century, the lines referred to \"little pigs\". This Little Piggy \"This Little Piggy\" or \"This Little Pig\" is an English language nursery rhyme and fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song", "title": "This Little Piggy" }, { "id": "11092064", "score": "1.4829352", "text": "substitutes the more fulfilled \"UVWXYZ all had a large slice and went off to bed\", so allowing herself to get away with only twenty illustrations! The rhyme also began to be changed in other ways, as in \"The Real History of the Apple Pie\", which has an extended coda: Eventually completely original works were created that took their beginning from the rhyme. In 1871 Edward Lear made fun of it in his nonsense parody \"A was once an apple pie\", which soon diverged into nursery language and then treated other subjects for the rest of the alphabet. The illustrations in", "title": "Apple Pie ABC" }, { "id": "2341879", "score": "1.47861", "text": "sung in 1894 by Sheffield United supporters, and directed at the club's goalkeeper William \"Fatty\" Foulke, who weighed over . If the tune used was \"Knees up Mother Brown\", then it is highly improbable that the chant originated with Foulke who retired in 1907 and died in 1916; \"Knees up Mother Brown\" originated in 1918. Also, Foulke weighed in 1894, and according to sportswriters of the time, he was \"the lengthy one\" or \"the octopus\", and the weight gain came later. The lyrics of the chant are: A variation replaces the second line with \"The burgers and the fries.\" Part", "title": "Who Ate All the Pies?" } ]

[ "Up the Garden Path", "Up the garden path", "up garden path" ]

[ { "id": "5239956", "score": "1.4320865", "text": "desert. France states that it is clear that while Satan's goals were his own, the testing of Jesus was ordained by God. France also feels that \"tempted\" is a poor translation. He argues that the devil was \"testing\" Jesus. Led up refers specifically to moving upwards geographically, likely linking to climbing from the river side of the Jordan to a location of higher latitude in the wilderness. Keener notes that the specific wording may also be a reference to God leading his people into the wilderness in Exodus. There is no evidence of what specific wilderness area is being referred", "title": "Matthew 4:1" }, { "id": "7434327", "score": "1.4221964", "text": "The language of \"deception,\" that is, of being \"led astray,\" is applied to the false prophetess, Jezebel (Revelation 2:20). Satan, the source of all these persecution and false teachings, is also \"the deceiver of the whole world\" (Revelation 12:9). The metaphor, \"deception\" (\"planaō\"), implies a path of truth from which one might be \"turned aside.\" Against these Satan-inspired obstacles the reader are called upon to \"conquer,\" that is, to overcome these problems. The Epistle to the Hebrews is the classic text on the subject of apostasy in the New Testament. New Testament scholar Scot McKnight argues that the warning passages", "title": "Apostasy in Christianity" }, { "id": "1339309", "score": "1.30443", "text": "doubt, wherein one decides to doubt everything there is to doubt. The Deus deceptor is a mainstay of so-called skeptical arguments, which purport to put into question our knowledge of reality. The punch of the argument is that all we know might be wrong, since we might be deceived. Stanley Cavell has argued that all skepticism has its root in this fear of deception. Deception is a common topic in religious discussions. Some sources focus on how religious texts deal with deception. But, other sources focus on the deceptions created by the religions themselves. For example, Ryan McKnight is the", "title": "Deception" }, { "id": "7602522", "score": "1.2935592", "text": "is to be preferred\", with the additional words , \"as this man speaks\", which are retained by the Textus Receptus. The officers \"were so impressed and awed with what he said that they dared not take him\"; the Pharisees said they were \"deceived\" (John 7:47), suggesting that none of the rulers - \"the members of the Sanhedrin, who were supposed to have control over the religious rites and doctrines of the nation - had believed. The evangelist reminds his readers that Nicodemus, \"one of them\" (i.e. one of the Sanhedrin) had met Jesus before (). Nicodemus reminds his colleagues: The", "title": "John 7" }, { "id": "388658", "score": "1.2899245", "text": "writing you a new commandment, but one we have had from the beginning, let us love one another. And this is love, that we walk according to his commandments; this is the commandment just as you have heard it from the beginning—you must walk in it. Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh; any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist! Be on your guard, so that you do not lose what we have worked for, but may receive a full reward. Everyone who does", "title": "Second Epistle of John" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Evil demon\n\nThe evil demon, also known as Descartes' demon, malicious demon and evil genius, is an epistemological concept that features prominently in Cartesian philosophy. In the first of his 1641 \"Meditations on First Philosophy\", Descartes imagines that an evil demon, of \"utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me.\" This evil demon is imagined to present a complete illusion of an external world, so that Descartes can say, \"I shall think that the sky, the air, the earth, colours, shapes, sounds and all external things are merely the delusions of dreams which he has devised to ensnare my judgement. I shall consider myself as not having hands or eyes, or flesh, or blood or senses, but as falsely believing that I have all these things.\"\n\nSome Cartesian scholars opine that the demon is also omnipotent, and thus capable of altering mathematics and the fundamentals of logic, though omnipotence of the evil demon would be contrary to Descartes' hypothesis, as he rebuked accusations of the evil demon having omnipotence.\n\nIt is one of several methods of systematic doubt that Descartes employs in the \"Meditations.\"<ref name=Musgrave />", "title": "Evil demon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Self-deception\n\nSelf-deception is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument. Self-deception involves convincing oneself of a truth (or lack of truth) so that one does not reveal any self-knowledge of the deception.", "title": "Self-deception" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rape by deception\n\nRape by deception is a situation in which the perpetrator deceives the victim into participating in a sexual act that they would otherwise not consent to. Deception can occur in many forms, such as false statements or actions. ", "title": "Rape by deception" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Deception\n\nDeception or falsehood is an act or statement that misleads, hides the truth, or promotes a belief, concept, or idea that is not true. It is often done for personal gain or advantage. Deception can involve dissimulation, propaganda and sleight of hand as well as distraction, camouflage or concealment. There is also self-deception, as in bad faith. It can also be called, with varying subjective implications, beguilement, deceit, bluff, mystification, ruse, or subterfuge.\n\nDeception is a major relational transgression that often leads to feelings of betrayal and distrust between relational partners. Deception violates relational rules and is considered to be a negative violation of expectations. Most people expect friends, relational partners, and even strangers to be truthful most of the time. If people expected most conversations to be untruthful, talking and communicating with others would require distraction and misdirection to acquire reliable information. A significant amount of deception occurs between some romantic and relational partners.\n\nDeceit and dishonesty can also form grounds for civil litigation in tort, or contract law (where it is known as misrepresentation or fraudulent misrepresentation if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for fraud. It also forms a vital part of psychological warfare in denial and deception.", "title": "Deception" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lie\n\nA lie is an assertion that is believed to be false, typically used with the purpose of deceiving or misleading someone. The practice of communicating lies is called lying. A person who communicates a lie may be termed a liar. Lies can be interpreted as deliberately false statements or misleading statements. Lies may also serve a variety of instrumental, interpersonal, or psychological functions for the individuals who use them.\n\nGenerally, the term \"lie\" carries a negative connotation, and depending on the context a person who communicates a lie may be subject to social, legal, religious, or criminal sanctions; for instance, perjury, or the act of lying under oath, can result in criminal and civil charges being pressed against the perjurer.\n\nAlthough people in many cultures believe that deception can be detected by observing nonverbal behaviors (e.g. not making eye contact, fidgeting, stuttering) research indicates that people overestimate both the significance of such cues and their ability to make accurate judgements about deception.\n", "title": "Lie" }, { "id": "6502137", "score": "1.2794244", "text": "Jacob's deception his father in where Jacob says, \"I shall seem to him as a deceiver,\" and to describe idols in where idols are described as \"the work of deceivers.\" But the Gemara cited Jacob as the exemplar of one who, in the words of \"has no slander on his tongue,\" as Jacob's protest to Rebekah in \"I shall seem to him as a deceiver,\" demonstrated that Jacob did not take readily to deception. Rabbi Johanan taught that when Jacob explained his rapid success in obtaining the meat by saying in that it was \"because the Lord your God sent", "title": "Toledot" }, { "id": "13158259", "score": "1.2791216", "text": "perception. Reality won't budge!\" \" The first verse explains the frustration of depending on others and finding out that is the wrong approach (e.g. \"Everyone knows everything, and no one's ever wrong, until later. Who can you believe?\"). The chorus shows the protagonist's resolution to being fooled: stop listening to the schemer's persuasion, pay attention only if the schemer shows evidence, rather than being convinced by conniving words. The second verse uses vivid imagery of a courtroom trial as the solution to the protagonist's; however, in this case, the deceived protagonist is the \"judge and the jury\". After the second", "title": "Show Don't Tell" }, { "id": "7108064", "score": "1.2722422", "text": "knowing deceivers of the faithful. Matthew 7:15 Matthew 7:15 is the fifteenth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse begins the section warning against false prophets. In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: The World English Bible translates the passage as: The metaphor of 'a wolf in sheep's clothing' has become a common English expression. It is alluded to in \"Romeo and Juliet\", where a character is called a \"wolvish ravening lamb.\" See The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing", "title": "Matthew 7:15" }, { "id": "245114", "score": "1.2677824", "text": "not let us be led (by ourselves, by others, by Satan) into temptations\". Since it follows shortly after a plea for daily bread (i.e., material sustenance), it is also seen as referring to not being caught up in the material pleasures given. A similar phrase appears in and in connection with the prayer of Jesus in Gethsemane. Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in a translation of the Holy Bible which was not completed before his death, used this wording: \"And suffer us not to be led into temptation\". In 2017, Pope Francis,", "title": "Lord's Prayer" }, { "id": "10151965", "score": "1.257508", "text": "Berean Call Ministries) states that the serpent in the Garden of Eden promised Eve that \"she could become a god.\" Hunt continues by claiming that Brigham Young said that \"the devil told the truth.\" Charles Larson (Historian, Author) claims that the Book of Abraham, one of the Mormon standard works of scripture, authorizes lying by God, and states that the account of Abraham claiming that his wife was his sister, \"is similar to the Bible version only in the book of Abraham god is telling Abraham to lie.\" President Gordon B. Hinckley, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of", "title": "Search for the Truth (film)" }, { "id": "12769188", "score": "1.2550263", "text": "that ‘them’ referred in any way to the kings and governors. The fact that the twelve will be ‘dragged’ before the nations’ rulers reminds the reader of how the twelve will be as sheep among wolves. \"When they deliver you up, do not be anxious about how you are to speak or what you are to say; for what you are to say will be given to you in that hour; for it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you.\" Verse 19 connects explicitly to verse 17; the verb in the Greek for", "title": "Coming Persecutions" }, { "id": "4363167", "score": "1.2543228", "text": "astray. 36:60-63 \"Children of Adam, did I not command you not to serve Satan, for he was your sworn enemy, but to serve Me? This is the straight path. He has led great numbers of you astray. Did you not use your reason? So this is the fire that you were warned against.\" Although God warned them against following Satan, the nonbelievers were deaf, and so now they will suffer the consequences of their ill judgements. 36:63 \"So this is the Fire that you were warned against. Enter it today, because you went on ignoring [my commands].\" The surah proceeds", "title": "Yā sīn" }, { "id": "2906616", "score": "1.2473793", "text": "disinterest, deceit can also be observed in a person. Hogan states \"when someone is being deceptive their eyes tend to blink a lot more. Eyes act as leading indicator of truth or deception,\" Both nonverbal and verbal cues are useful when detecting deception. It is typical for people who are detecting lies to rely consistently on verbal cues but this can hinder how well they detect deception. Those who are lying and those who are telling the truth possess different forms of nonverbal and verbal cues and this is important to keep in mind. In addition, it is important to", "title": "Nonverbal communication" }, { "id": "1938570", "score": "1.2454573", "text": "necessarily through words 'spoken' by God to a person. \"All these devices are mine. All these avenues are open to me. I will speak to you if you invite me.\" (CwG1, page 58). Jesus is said to have sought to lead by example, which is why he said, \"I am the way and the life, follow me\". Follow me meant that we should follow his example and become one with God - Jesus and other living things are/were not one with God presently (everything is happening right now with no space/time difference) - rather than become his followers. Jesus is", "title": "Conversations with God" }, { "id": "6502136", "score": "1.2411859", "text": "even an ordinary person. Alternatively, a Midrash interpreted the words \"his eyes were dim from seeing\" in to teach that Isaac's eyesight dimmed as a result of his near sacrifice in for when Abraham bound Isaac, the ministering angels wept, as says, \"Behold, their valiant ones cry without, the angels of peace weep bitterly,\" and tears dropped from the angels' eyes into Isaac's, leaving their mark and causing Isaac's eyes to dim when he became old. Rabbi Eleazar taught that deceptive speech is like idolatry. Rabbi Eleazar deduced the similarity from the common use of the word \"deceiver\" to describe", "title": "Toledot" }, { "id": "5744609", "score": "1.238375", "text": "in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.\" (Luke 4:9–13) citing . Once more, Jesus maintained his integrity and responded by quoting scripture, saying, \"Again it is written, 'You shall not put the Lord, your God, to the test.'\" () quoting Deuteronomy 6:16. For the final temptation, the devil takes Jesus to a \"high place\", which Matthew explicitly identifies as a very high mountain, where \"all the kingdoms of the world\" can be seen. The spot pointed out by tradition as the summit from which Satan offered to Jesus", "title": "Temptation of Christ" }, { "id": "21009012", "score": "1.2354567", "text": "being deceived. Emotions, arousal, strategic self-presentation, and cognitive effort are nonverbal behaviors that one might find in deception detection. Ultimately this theory predicts that speakers and listeners will default to use the truth to achieve their communicative goals. However, if the truth presents a problem, then deception will surface as a viable option for goal attainment. As an alternative view of deception and detection, truth-default theory was introduced by Timothy Levine. Timothy Levine is a Professor and Chair of Communication Studies at University of Alabama Birmingham. While experimenting with deception detection, Levine found that even in high suspicion situations, truth-bias", "title": "Truth-default theory" }, { "id": "630722", "score": "1.2349243", "text": "guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern \"deep truths\", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The group's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide \"divine guidance\" through its teachings described as \"based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah.\" The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "id": "3610387", "score": "1.2305508", "text": "of others may be healed in a spiritual sense, although this may take great patience and long-suffering, and often requires the help of others. The Pearl of Great Price, one of the scriptures of the LDS church, states that Satan, the great deceiver, sought during premortal life to destroy the agency of man, and that he continues to seek to enslave men, women and children in whatever ways that he can in this world, to \"lead them captive at his will.\" LDS doctrine teaches that whatever leads in this world to enslavement, addiction, or forced behavior is ultimately instigated by", "title": "Agency (LDS Church)" }, { "id": "127085", "score": "1.2288485", "text": "post-Pauline church world of the late first or early second century\". One of the secular peculiarities of the Epistle to Titus is the reference to the Epimenides paradox: \"One of the Cretans, a prophet of their own, said, 'Cretans are always liars'.\" The statement by a member of a group that all members are liars is a famous logic problem, applicable also to . In \"Titus 1:9\" Paul describes some among the Jewish Christians as false teachers. Paul describes the false teachers as rebellious, empty talkers who claim to teach the law \"without understanding\" and deceivers who deliberately lead the", "title": "Epistle to Titus" } ]

[ "", "5", "five" ]

[ { "id": "4952022", "score": "2.0581594", "text": "Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics Badminton had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was held from 28 July to 4 August 1992. Four events were held in the first competition of the sport: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles. Badminton was contested in the Pavelló de la Mar Bella. 36 nations entered competitors, with a total of 177 entrants. Asian nations won fifteen of the sixteen medals, with their dominance being broken only by Denmark's bronze medal in the men's singles. The tournament was single-elimination. Matches consisted of three", "title": "Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "4952024", "score": "2.046379", "text": "32 nations competed in men's singles. The winner of the women's singles competition received the first official badminton medal in Olympic history. It was also the first gold medal for Indonesia, which before had only won one silver (in archery). 52 players from 27 nations competed in women's singles. Malaysia won its first Olympic medal in the men's doubles competitions in badminton. 30 pairs from 21 nations competed in men's doubles. 29 pairs from 20 nations competed in women's doubles. Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics Badminton had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics.", "title": "Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "4952023", "score": "1.9857783", "text": "sets, with sets being to 15 except in women's singles, where sets were to 11. No playoffs were contested for semi-final losers, meaning that two bronze medals were awarded in each event. Similarly, all four players/pairs defeated in the quarterfinals for each event were awarded fifth place. Men's Singles and Women's Singles champions (Alan Budikusuma and Susi Susanti) are now married to each other. In 1992, there were no bronze medal matches to decide 3rd and 4th place. Both semifinal losers won bronze medals. The men's singles resulted in the only non-Asian medallist, Thomas Stuer-Lauridsen of Denmark. 57 players from", "title": "Badminton at the 1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "5067134", "score": "1.9069873", "text": "Badminton at the Summer Olympics Badminton had its debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 6 Olympiads. 69 different nations have appeared in the Olympic badminton competitions, with 19 appearing all 7 times. It is governed by the Badminton World Federation. The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich saw the first appearance of badminton, as a demonstration sport. Two decades later the sport debuted in competition at the Barcelona 1992 games where 4 events were held, with singles and doubles events for both men and women. Four medals were awarded in each event, including two bronzes. The", "title": "Badminton at the Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "19637432", "score": "1.869549", "text": "to make to the podium since 1996. The medals were presented by Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs, IOC member, Spain and David Cabello, Executive Board Member of the BWF. The tournament started with a group phase round-robin followed by a knockout stage. A total of 13 players were given seeds. Parentheses indicates the stage the player was eliminated. Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The badminton women's singles tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games took place from 11 to 19 August at Riocentro – Pavilion 4. On July 21, the seeding was decided. The event was won", "title": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's singles" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Badminton at the Summer Olympics\n\nBadminton had its debut as an official event on the 1992 Summer Olympics and has been contested in eight Olympiads. 74 different nations have appeared in the Olympic badminton competitions, with 18 appearing all eight times. It is governed by the Badminton World Federation.", "title": "Badminton at the Summer Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1992 Summer Olympics\n\nThe 1992 Summer Olympics (, ), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad (, ) and commonly known as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. This was the second (after 1968) \"Olympic Games\" to be held in a Spanish-speaking nation, then followed by the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Beginning in 1994, the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years. The 1992 Summer and Winter Olympics were the last games to be staged in the same year. This games was the second and last two consecutive Olympic games to be held in Western Europe after the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France held five months earlier.\n\nThe 1992 Summer Games were the first since the end of the Cold War, and the first unaffected by boycotts since the 1972 Summer Games. 1992 was also the first year South Africa was re-invited to the Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee, after a 32-year ban from participating in international sport. The Unified Team (made up by the former Soviet republics without the Baltic states) topped the medal table, winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals.", "title": "1992 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Olympic medalists in badminton" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "1996 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "China at the Olympics\n\nOriginally having participated in Olympics as the delegation of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1924 (Summer Olympics) to 1976 (Winter Olympics), China competed at the Olympic Games under the name of the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the first time in 1952, at the Summer Games in Helsinki, Finland, although they only arrived in time to participate in one event. That year, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed both the PRC and ROC (Republic of China) (which fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War) to compete, although the latter withdrew in protest. The People's Republic of China staged boycotts of the Games of the XVI Olympiad in Melbourne Australia, Games of the XVII Olympiad in Rome Italy, Games of the XVIII Olympiad in Tokyo Japan, Games of the XIX Olympiad in Mexico City Mexico, Games of the XX Olympiad in Munich Germany, and Games of the XXI Olympiad in Montreal Canada. China also boycott the Games of the XXII Olympiad in Moscow USSR due to the American-led boycott and the ongoing Sino-Soviet split, together with the other countries.\n\nAs of 2022, China has finished first in the Summer Olympics once, second three times, third twice and third once in the Winter Olympics. With the nation's 11th appearance at the Summer and 12th appearance at the Winter Olympics, China is the most successful country overall in the Asia–Oceania region, making them the 5th most successful country in Olympics history, after the US, the Soviet Union, Germany and Great Britain.\n\nThe Chinese Olympic Committee in its current form was recognized in 1979.<ref name=\"1952 olympics\" /> Before the Chinese Civil War, athletes competed as the Republic of China (ROC) at the Olympics. The ROC continued to compete from 1952 (Summer Olympics) to 1976 (Winter Olympics), but only representing athletes from the island of Taiwan (although the football team members of ROC in the 1960 Olympic Games were overwhelmingly Hong Kongers). The dispute over use of the name \"China\" resulted in the PRC boycotting the Games completely during these years. In 1979, the International Olympic Committee passed a resolution for the ROC team to be designated \"Chinese Taipei\", and this opened the door for the PRC to finally join the Olympic movement.<ref name=\"1952 olympics\" />\n\nHong Kong has had a distinct National Olympic Committee since 1950 and has competed at the Games since 1952. After the territory was returned to the PRC and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was created in 1997, this arrangement has continued, with Hong Kong competing independently from the rest of the nation under the name \"Hong Kong, China\".<ref name=\"HK\" />", "title": "China at the Olympics" }, { "id": "18860625", "score": "1.8440423", "text": "by a knockout stage. A total of 13 players were given seeds. Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's singles The badminton men's singles tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games took place from 11 to 20 August at Riocentro - Pavilion 4. On July 21, the seeding was decided. The event was won by the reigning world champion, China's Chen Long who defeated Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia who was also runner up to Chen at the 2015 World Championships. This was Wei's third consecutive Olympic silver medal. In the bronze medal match Denmark's Viktor Axelsen defeated Lin", "title": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "5067135", "score": "1.8377333", "text": "next Olympics, Atlanta 1996, had 5 events with the addition of mixed doubles. There was also now a playoff between the two semifinal losers to determine the sole winner of the bronze medal. This format has continued to 2016. \"(d) = demonstration event\"\"(e) = exhibition event\" Below is the gold medalists shown based by category and countries after the 2016 Summer Olympics. China has been the most successful nation in the Summer Olympics. China is the only country ever to achieve a shutout of the medals, which they did at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. \"BOLD means overall winner of", "title": "Badminton at the Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "18860624", "score": "1.8365395", "text": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's singles The badminton men's singles tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games took place from 11 to 20 August at Riocentro - Pavilion 4. On July 21, the seeding was decided. The event was won by the reigning world champion, China's Chen Long who defeated Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia who was also runner up to Chen at the 2015 World Championships. This was Wei's third consecutive Olympic silver medal. In the bronze medal match Denmark's Viktor Axelsen defeated Lin Dan of China. The tournament started with a group phase round-robin followed", "title": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "42947", "score": "1.8334548", "text": "Olympic sport at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 and its gold medals now generally rate as the sport's most coveted prizes for individual players. In the BWF World Championships, first held in 1977, currently only the highest ranked 64 players in the world, and a maximum of four from each country can participate in any category. In both the Olympic and BWF World competitions restrictions on the number of participants from any one country have caused some controversy because they sometimes result in excluding elite world level players from the strongest badminton nations. The Thomas, Uber, and Sudirman Cups, the", "title": "Badminton" }, { "id": "9524262", "score": "1.8305496", "text": "to face each other until the quarterfinals. All other competitors were placed by draw. Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's singles These are the results of the men's singles competition in badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The tournament consisted of a single-elimination tournament. Matches were played using a best-of-three games format. Games were played to 21 points, using rally scoring. Each game had to be won by a margin of two points, except when the game was won by a player who reached 30 even if the lead was only 1 at that point. The", "title": "Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "12251379", "score": "1.8233323", "text": "to face each other until the quarterfinals. All other competitors were placed by draw. Badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles These are the results of the men's singles competition in badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The tournament consisted of a single-elimination tournament. Matches were played using a best-of-three games format. Games were played to 21 points, using rally scoring. Each game had to be won by a margin of two points, except when the game was won by a player who reached 30 even if the lead was only 1 at that point. The", "title": "Badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "15619983", "score": "1.815346", "text": "the knock-out stage, ultimately leading to the winner. Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The badminton women's singles tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at Wembley Arena. The draw was held on 23 July 2012. Forty-six players from 42 nations competed. In an all-Chinese final, Li Xuerui defeated reigning world number one Wang Yihan to win the gold medal. India's Saina Nehwal took bronze. For the first time, the preliminary stage consisted of 16 groups of either two or three players. Each played every other member of", "title": "Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles" }, { "id": "15619982", "score": "1.8125298", "text": "Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The badminton women's singles tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at Wembley Arena. The draw was held on 23 July 2012. Forty-six players from 42 nations competed. In an all-Chinese final, Li Xuerui defeated reigning world number one Wang Yihan to win the gold medal. India's Saina Nehwal took bronze. For the first time, the preliminary stage consisted of 16 groups of either two or three players. Each played every other member of the group with the top players advancing to", "title": "Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's singles" }, { "id": "19637431", "score": "1.8031237", "text": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's singles The badminton women's singles tournament at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games took place from 11 to 19 August at Riocentro – Pavilion 4. On July 21, the seeding was decided. The event was won by two time and reigning world champion Carolina Marín of Spain who defeated P. V. Sindhu of India. Nozomi Okuhara of Japan won the bronze medal after China's Li Xuerui was forced to withdraw. This was the first medal of any colour for Spain in Olympic badminton and this was also the first time the China failed", "title": "Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's singles" }, { "id": "42893", "score": "1.7946985", "text": "British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements. Games employing shuttlecocks", "title": "Badminton" }, { "id": "12251378", "score": "1.7872467", "text": "Badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles These are the results of the men's singles competition in badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The tournament consisted of a single-elimination tournament. Matches were played using a best-of-three games format. Games were played to 21 points, using rally scoring. Each game had to be won by a margin of two points, except when the game was won by a player who reached 30 even if the lead was only 1 at that point. The top eight seeds in the tournament were placed in the bracket so as not", "title": "Badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "9524261", "score": "1.7829725", "text": "Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's singles These are the results of the men's singles competition in badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The tournament consisted of a single-elimination tournament. Matches were played using a best-of-three games format. Games were played to 21 points, using rally scoring. Each game had to be won by a margin of two points, except when the game was won by a player who reached 30 even if the lead was only 1 at that point. The top eight seeds in the tournament were placed in the bracket so as not", "title": "Badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's singles" }, { "id": "14041871", "score": "1.7786305", "text": "southeastern region of Sabah (on the island of Borneo). The Malaysia national badminton team has won 6 silver medals and 2 bronze medals in badminton in the Olympic Games since the sport was first introduced to the Olympics in 1992. In 1992 Razif Sidek and Jalani Sidek won the bronze medal in men's doubles. In 1996, Rashid Sidek won the bronze medal in men's singles while Cheah Soon Kit and Yap Kim Hock won the silver medal in men's doubles. Lee Chong Wei won three silver medals in men's singles each in 2008, 2012 and 2016. In 2016, Chan Peng", "title": "Sport in Malaysia" }, { "id": "14537088", "score": "1.7782325", "text": "Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics The badminton tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 28 July and 5 August at Wembley Arena. A total of 172 athletes competed in five events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's doubles and mixed doubles. The women's doubles tournament was marred by several disqualifications during the group stage for unethical play. All of the gold medals were won by players from China. The Chinese team also collected two silvers and one bronze, to top the medal table with eight in total. Denmark finished in second place, with one", "title": "Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics" }, { "id": "42946", "score": "1.7750399", "text": "Cup, a gender-mixed international team event held once every two years, began in 1989. Teams are divided into seven levels based on the performance of each country. To win the tournament, a country must perform well across all five disciplines (men's doubles and singles, women's doubles and singles, and mixed doubles). Like association football (soccer), it features a promotion and relegation system at every level. However, the system was last used in 2009 and teams competing will now be grouped by world rankings. Badminton was a demonstration event at the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics. It became an official Summer", "title": "Badminton" } ]

[ "fireside chat", "fireside chats", "Fireside chat", "Fireside chats", "Fireside Chat", "Fireside Chats" ]

[ { "id": "2191364", "score": "1.8377558", "text": "Roosevelt utilized the media to present his programs and ideas directly to the public and thereby redefined the relationship between the President and the American people.\" Fireside chats The fireside chats were a series of 30 evening radio addresses given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (known colloquially as \"FDR\") between 1933 and 1944. Roosevelt spoke with familiarity to millions of Americans about the promulgation of the Emergency Banking Act in response to the banking crisis, the recession, New Deal initiatives, and the course of World War II. On radio, he was able to quell rumors and explain his policies.", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": "2191348", "score": "1.7687029", "text": "Fireside chats The fireside chats were a series of 30 evening radio addresses given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (known colloquially as \"FDR\") between 1933 and 1944. Roosevelt spoke with familiarity to millions of Americans about the promulgation of the Emergency Banking Act in response to the banking crisis, the recession, New Deal initiatives, and the course of World War II. On radio, he was able to quell rumors and explain his policies. His tone and demeanor communicated self-assurance during times of despair and uncertainty. Roosevelt was regarded as an effective communicator on radio, and the fireside chats kept", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": "172872", "score": "1.7053291", "text": "nominee, Al Smith. Speaker of the House John Nance Garner was nominated as Roosevelt's running mate. By 1932, the radio was in 12 million homes, changing the nature of presidential campaigns. No longer could presidents change the content of their speeches for each audience; anyone with a radio could listen to every major speech. Hoover originally planned to make only one or two major speeches, and to leave the rest of the campaigning to proxies, as sitting presidents had traditionally done. However, encouraged by Republican pleas and outraged by Democratic claims, Hoover entered the public fray. In his nine major", "title": "Herbert Hoover" }, { "id": "2191363", "score": "1.7001967", "text": "The conventional press grew to love Roosevelt because they too had gained unprecedented access to the goings-on of government. Every U.S. president since Roosevelt has delivered periodic addresses to the American people, first on radio, and later adding television and the Internet. The practice of regularly scheduled addresses began in 1982 when President Ronald Reagan started delivering a radio broadcast every Saturday. The series of Roosevelt's 30 fireside chats was included with the first 50 recordings made part of the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress. It is noted as \"an influential series of radio broadcasts in which", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": "4722775", "score": "1.6993041", "text": "shows heard by 30–35 percent of the radio audience. President Franklin Roosevelt, first inaugurated in 1933, had many political opponents among newspapers publishers, who were often hostile toward his policies. Roosevelt used radio broadcasts to bypass the newspapers and speak directly to American citizens, conducting a series of thirty evening broadcasts to promote his views in an informal setting, in what became known as \"fireside chats\". Roosevelt's radio audiences averaged 18 percent during peacetime, and 58 percent during the war. His address of May 27, 1941 was heard by 70 percent of the radio audience. In 1933 a conflict dubbed", "title": "Radio in the United States" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Fireside chats\n\nThe fireside chats were a series of evening radio addresses given by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, between 1933 and 1944. Roosevelt spoke with familiarity to millions of Americans about recovery from the Great Depression, the promulgation of the Emergency Banking Act in response to the banking crisis, the 1936 recession, New Deal initiatives, and the course of World War II. On radio, he quelled rumors, countered conservative-dominated newspapers, and explained his policies directly to the American people. His tone and demeanor communicated self-assurance during times of despair and uncertainty. Roosevelt was regarded as an effective communicator on radio, and the fireside chats kept him in high public regard throughout his presidency. Their introduction was later described as a \"revolutionary experiment with a nascent media platform.\"\n\nThe series of chats were among the first 50 recordings made part of the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which noted it as \"an influential series of radio broadcasts in which Roosevelt utilized the media to present his programs and ideas directly to the public and thereby redefined the relationship between President Roosevelt and the American people in 1933.\"", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Franklin D. Roosevelt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Day of Infamy speech\n\nThe \"Day of Infamy\" speech, sometimes referred to as just \"\"The Infamy speech\"\", was delivered by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, to a joint session of Congress on December 8, 1941. The previous day, the Empire of Japan attacked the United States military bases at the Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and the Philippines, and declared war on the United States and the British Empire. The speech is known for its first line: \"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy...\"\n\nOn Sunday, December 7, 1941, the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service aircraft in a surprise military strike, destroying various American ships and aircraft, and killing over 2,400 civilians and military personnel. After consulting with his cabinet, Roosevelt decided to deliver an address before the joint session of the Congress the next day.\n\nRoosevelt's speech was worded to reinforce his portrayal of the United States as a victim of unprovoked Japanese aggression and appealed to patriotism rather than to idealism. Roosevelt employed the idea of \"kairos\", which relates to speaking promptly. It made the speech powerful and rhetorically important. According to author Sandra Silberstein, Roosevelt's speech followed a well-established tradition of how \"through rhetorical conventions, presidents assume extraordinary powers as the commander in chief, dissent is minimized, enemies are vilified, and lives are lost in the defense of a nation once again united under God.\"\n\nThe speech had an immediate positive response and long-lasting impact. It is one of the most famous speeches of American politics. It was broadcast live by radio and attracted the largest audience in American radio history, with over 81% of people tuning in to hear the speech. Soon after the speech, Congress almost unanimously declared war against Japan, formally entering World War II. The White House later received a number of telegrams praising Roosevelt's stance. The speech has since been used in various films. Roosevelt's description of December 7, 1941, as \"a date which will live in infamy\" has been compared with November 22, 1963, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the September 11 terrorist attacks, and January 6, 2021, the storming of the United States Capitol.", "title": "Day of Infamy speech" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Eleanor Roosevelt" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wendell Willkie" }, { "id": "18856054", "score": "1.6885433", "text": "liberal President Franklin D Roosevelt by 1934 or so, including major chains run by William Randolph Hearst. Roosevelt turned to radio, where he could reach more listeners more directly. During previous election campaigns , the parties sponsored nationwide broadcasts of major speeches. Roosevelt, however, gave intimate talks, person-to-person, as if he were in the same room sitting next to the fireplace. His rhetorical technique was extraordinarily effective. However, it proved very hard to duplicate. Young Ronald Reagan, beginning a career in as a radio broadcaster and Hollywood star, was one of the few to match the right tone, nuance, and", "title": "Mass media and American politics" }, { "id": "12744722", "score": "1.6863662", "text": "introduced an audio podcast feed and Barack Obama introduced a weekly video address during his presidential transition period. Donald Trump has continued the weekly video address. Franklin D. Roosevelt first used what would become known as fireside chats in 1929 as Governor of New York. His third gubernatorial address—April 3, 1929, on WGY radio—is cited by Roosevelt biographer Frank Freidel as being the first fireside chat. As president he continued the tradition, which he called his fireside chats. The success of these presidential addresses encouraged their continuation by future presidents. The practice of regularly scheduled addresses began in 1982 when", "title": "Weekly Radio Address of the President of the United States" }, { "id": "2191349", "score": "1.6857262", "text": "him in high public regard throughout his presidency. Their introduction was later described as a \"revolutionary experiment with a nascent media platform.\" The series of chats was among the first 50 recordings made part of the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress, which noted it as \"an influential series of radio broadcasts in which Roosevelt utilized the media to present his programs and ideas directly to the public and thereby redefined the relationship between President Roosevelt and the American people in 1933.\" Roosevelt believed that his administration's success depended upon a favorable dialogue with the electorate — possible", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": "17935903", "score": "1.6825712", "text": "and European history. Roosevelt did not try to rework his material into simpler speeches. He moved on to other topics, and received a rousing reception to the more usual speech he gave that same evening. The speech was written by Adolf A. Berle and his wife Beatrice, who worked on Roosevelt's campaign office. Commonwealth Club Address The Commonwealth Club Address (23 September 1932) was a speech made by New York Governor and Democratic presidential nominee Franklin Delano Roosevelt in San Francisco on his 1932 presidential campaign. Roosevelt said the era of growth and unrestricted entrepreneurship had ended, and the individualism", "title": "Commonwealth Club Address" }, { "id": "17935899", "score": "1.6755368", "text": "Commonwealth Club Address The Commonwealth Club Address (23 September 1932) was a speech made by New York Governor and Democratic presidential nominee Franklin Delano Roosevelt in San Francisco on his 1932 presidential campaign. Roosevelt said the era of growth and unrestricted entrepreneurship had ended, and the individualism must give way to collective action. He was not at all specific, but he hinted at liberal reforms of the sort that emerged in The First Hundred Days after his inauguration in March 1933. Scholars rate it among the 100 greatest speeches made by a President in the 20th century. Roosevelt was long", "title": "Commonwealth Club Address" }, { "id": "2191359", "score": "1.6752529", "text": "the war. The fireside chats attracted more listeners than the most popular radio shows, which were heard by 30–35 percent of the radio audience. Roosevelt's fireside chat of December 29, 1940 was heard by 59 percent of radio listeners. His address of May 27, 1941, was heard by 70 percent of the radio audience. An estimated 62,100,000 people heard Roosevelt's fireside chat December 9, 1941 — two days after the attack on Pearl Harbor — attaining a Hooper rating of 79, the record high for a Presidential address. Approximately 61,365,000 adults tuned in February 23, 1942, for FDR's next fireside", "title": "Fireside chats" }, { "id": "3145515", "score": "1.674031", "text": "of the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945, interrupting the program \"Wilderness Road\" to deliver the news. Transcriptions of those bulletins have been preserved on historical record album retrospectives and radio and television documentaries. Among the first were the Columbia Records spoken word series \"I Can Hear It Now\" and the later CBS Television series, \"The Twentieth Century\". In July, 1959, along with the Associated Press writer John Scali, he reported from Moscow on the famous \"Kitchen Debate\" between USSR General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev and then U.S. Vice President Richard M. Nixon in 1959. Daly's first", "title": "John Charles Daly" }, { "id": "18177322", "score": "1.6439936", "text": "1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas. As this Seventy-sixth Congress opens there is need for further warning. A war which threatened", "title": "1939 State of the Union Address" }, { "id": "3442114", "score": "1.6434603", "text": "general manager. Before the end of 1958, WGMS promoted him to program director. In 1960, credited by name and as a WGMS announcer, he provided introductions and commentary on a six-record album of a collection of thirty-three speeches by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt titled \"FDR Speaks.\" Edited by historian Henry Steele Commager, it included a welcome by the president's widow, former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. Their son Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. recited one of his father’s speeches. \"The Billboard\" magazine reported that \"FDR Speaks\" \"was one of the most listened-to-attractions\" at the 1960 Democratic National Convention which nominated senators John", "title": "Charles Osgood" }, { "id": "17853056", "score": "1.6422577", "text": "1936 Madison Square Garden speech The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days before that year's presidential election. In the speech, Roosevelt pledged to continue the New Deal and criticized those who, in his view, were putting personal gain and politics over national economic recovery from the Great Depression. The speech was Roosevelt's last campaign speech before the election. Roosevelt had to wait around 15 minutes for the enthusiastic crowd at Madison Square Garden to calm down before commencing his speech. Most of the speech outlined", "title": "1936 Madison Square Garden speech" }, { "id": "12744723", "score": "1.6415792", "text": "President Ronald Reagan started delivering a radio broadcast every Saturday. Conservative journalist William A. Rusher, who publicly urged Reagan to begin the series of broadcasts, explicitly referred to the \"fireside chats\" and compared Reagan's communications skills to those of Roosevelt. During a sound check in preparation for his radio address of August 11, 1984, Reagan made the following comments in jest, which were later leaked to the general public: \"My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes.\" George H. W. Bush did not regularly", "title": "Weekly Radio Address of the President of the United States" }, { "id": "297553", "score": "1.6397413", "text": "One of these ideas was the joke in what came to be called the Fala speech, Roosevelt's nationally broadcast September 23 address to the International Teamsters Union which opened the 1944 presidential campaign. Welles campaigned for the Roosevelt–Truman ticket almost full-time in the fall of 1944, traveling to nearly every state to the detriment of his own health and at his own expense. In addition to his radio addresses he filled in for Roosevelt, opposite Republican presidential nominee Thomas E. Dewey, at \"The New York Herald Tribune Forum\" broadcast October 18 on the Blue Network. Welles accompanied FDR to his", "title": "Orson Welles" }, { "id": "11229414", "score": "1.6312866", "text": "Hoover. Curtis was re-nominated as Hoover's running mate. Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidential nomination on the third ballot of the 1932 Democratic National Convention, defeating the 1928 Democratic nominee, Al Smith. Speaker of the House John Nance Garner was nominated as Roosevelt's running mate. By 1932, the radio was in 12 million homes, changing the nature of presidential campaigns. No longer could presidents change the content of their speeches for each audience; anyone with a radio could listen to every major speech. Hoover originally planned to make only one or two major speeches, and to leave the rest of", "title": "Presidency of Herbert Hoover" }, { "id": "2048227", "score": "1.6266199", "text": "to produce the program when news of the attack on Pearl Harbor came to him. He sent a telegram to Washington at the next stop, asking if the OFF still wanted the program done. When he got to Albuquerque, a telegram was waiting for him: \"the President says, 'now more than ever.'\" Many radio and movie stars of the day featured, along with an epilogue by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. With an audience of 60 million listeners it became one of the most famous ever produced on radio. In 1941, he received a Peabody Award for that program. In 1942,", "title": "Norman Corwin" }, { "id": "17796291", "score": "1.6224792", "text": "why it was done, and what the next steps are going to be.\" It was the first of 30 evening radio addresses that came to be called the Fireside Chats. The result, according to economic historian William L. Silber, was a \"remarkable turnaround in the public's confidence … The contemporary press confirms that the public recognized the implicit guarantee and, as a result, believed that the reopened banks would be safe, as the President explained in his first Fireside Chat.\" Within two weeks people returned more than half of the cash they had been hoarding, and the first stock-trading day", "title": "First 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency" } ]

[ "A sports celebrity of the host country", "sports celebrity of host country" ]

[ { "id": "806684", "score": "1.910172", "text": "with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony in the central host stadium of the Games. The final carrier is often kept unannounced until the last moment. Over the years, it has become a tradition to let famous athletes, former athletes or athletes with significant achievements and milestones be the last runner in the Olympic torch relay. The Olympic torch travels routes that symbolise human achievement. Although most of the time the torch with the Olympic flame is still carried by runners, it has been transported in many different ways. The fire travelled by boat in 1948", "title": "Olympic flame" }, { "id": "20746383", "score": "1.8864536", "text": "various designated sites of the games, had no ancient precedent and was introduced by Carl Diem at the controversial 1936 Berlin Olympics. The Olympic Torch Relay ends on the day of the opening ceremony in the central stadium of the Games. The final carrier is often kept unannounced until the last moment, and is usually a sports celebrity of the host country. The final bearer of the torch runs towards the cauldron, often placed at the top of a grand staircase, and then uses the torch to start the flame in the stadium. It is considered a great honor to", "title": "2000 Summer Olympics cauldron" }, { "id": "10136861", "score": "1.697468", "text": "to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the \"Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit\" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed \"Second Right Brother,\" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. Two additional teams of 40 attendants each", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "3284278", "score": "1.6951227", "text": "to be taken around the country or continent where the Games are held. The Olympic torch is carried by athletes, leaders, celebrities, and ordinary people alike, and at times in unusual conditions, such as being electronically transmitted via satellite for Montreal 1976, submerged underwater without being extinguished for Sydney 2000, or in space and at the North Pole for Sochi 2014. On the final day of the torch relay, the day of the Opening Ceremony, the Flame reaches the main stadium and is used to light a cauldron situated in a prominent part of the venue to signify the beginning", "title": "Olympic symbols" }, { "id": "14400672", "score": "1.6765149", "text": "Abraham. It was also suspended over water as it was transported by the Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge over the River Tees. The end of the relay took place in the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. The torch arrived aboard a speedboat piloted by David Beckham, via the Limehouse Cut. Steve Redgrave received the flame from young footballer Jade Bailey, the torchbearer on the boat, and carried it into the Olympic Stadium. Then Redgrave handed the torch to the seven young athletes, each one nominated by an athlete. The athletes then each applied their torch to one of the 204 petals, which", "title": "2012 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Olympic flame\n\nThe Olympic flame is a symbol used in the Olympic movement. It is also a symbol of continuity between ancient and modern games. Several months before the Olympic Games, the Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece. This ceremony starts the Olympic torch relay, which formally ends with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The flame then continues to burn in the cauldron for the duration of the Games, until it is extinguished during the Olympic closing ceremony.", "title": "Olympic flame" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1996 Summer Olympics torch relay\n\nThe 1996 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from April 27, 1996, until July 19, 1996, prior to the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.", "title": "1996 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1988 Winter Olympics torch relay\n\nThe 1988 Winter Olympics torch relay was run from November 15, 1987, to February 13, 1988, prior to the Calgary 1988 Winter Olympics.", "title": "1988 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Trireme\n\nA trireme( ; derived from Latin: \"trirēmis\" \"with three banks of oars\"; cf. Greek \"triērēs\", literally \"three-rower\") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans.\n\nThe trireme derives its name from its three rows of oars, manned with one man per oar. The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side (i.e., a single-banked boat), and of the bireme (, \"diērēs\"), a warship with two banks of oars, of Phoenician origin. The word dieres does not appear until the Roman period. According to Morrison and Williams, \"It must be assumed the term pentekontor covered the two-level type\". As a ship, it was fast and agile and was the dominant warship in the Mediterranean from the 7th to the 4th centuries BC, when it was largely superseded by the larger quadriremes and quinqueremes. Triremes played a vital role in the Persian Wars, the creation of the Athenian maritime empire and its downfall during the Peloponnesian War.\n\nMedieval and early modern galleys with three files of oarsmen per side are sometimes referred to as triremes.", "title": "Trireme" }, { "id": "10136806", "score": "1.6703082", "text": "and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions. The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "806693", "score": "1.6620038", "text": "is capable of relighting the cooler more visible portion if it is extinguished. The fuel inside the torch lasts for approximately 15 minutes before the flame is exhausted. During the opening ceremony, the final bearer of the torch runs towards the cauldron, often placed at the top of a grand staircase, and then uses the torch to start the flame in the stadium. The climactic transfer of the Olympic flame from the final torch to the cauldron at the central host stadium marks the symbolic commencement of the Games. As with being the final runner of the Olympic torch relay,", "title": "Olympic flame" }, { "id": "12487683", "score": "1.6607144", "text": "stadium through to the Olympic cauldron, which at this moment was still not shown. As he ran along the upper wall of the stadium, the projection displayed a scroll opening ahead of him, on which was beamed footage of previous torch relays around the world. At the final moment, a spotlight revealed the final resting place of the Olympic flame, which had appeared during the torch run. A colossal torch situated at the top of the stadium was lit by a proportionately large fuse. A flurry of spectacular fireworks of various colours and shapes, some projecting Olympic rings, others forming", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony" }, { "id": "16520769", "score": "1.6591403", "text": "holding a cup that contained the burner. \"With thanks to the bearer\" was written on the cup of the torch itself, along with the Olympic rings. The torches for the Greek leg of the relay were shipped to the Mediterranean aboard HMS \"Liverpool\", along with a purpose built torch for the leg aboard a Royal Navy vessel from Corfu to Italy. A differently designed torch was used for the final leg. It was made of stainless steel and was fueled by magnesium in order to ensure that the flame showed up properly during the opening ceremony. It was also designed", "title": "1948 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "16684826", "score": "1.6541526", "text": "during their run. All torch-bearers were sent a copy of the \"Flame Bearer's Guide\" several months before they were due to participate which gave specific details about how they should carry the torch and how to transfer the flame. The Canadian Olympic Committee considered retracing the route taken by the country's discoverer, Jacques Cartier, but decided that this would be too similar to the 1968 Summer Olympics torch relay held in Mexico. They instead chose a route that would allow a significant number of athletes to participate at the same time while getting the flame from its home in Greece", "title": "1976 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "10136805", "score": "1.6505404", "text": "for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. The Olympic flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on aircraft, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns. Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "12718164", "score": "1.6395698", "text": "22 October 2009 the Olympic Torch was lit during a ceremony held at the Ancient Olympia in Greece. Actress Maria Nafpliotou played the role of the High Priestess and ignited the flame using a parabolic mirror and the sun's ray. The first torch was carried by Olympic skier Vassilis Dimitriadis. Kept under close secrecy, the final Olympic Torchbearer turned out to be not one, but five final torchbearers. Rick Hansen brought it into BC Place Stadium, in turn lighting Catriona Le May Doan's torch, who lit Steve Nash's torch, and the flame continued to Nancy Greene and Wayne Gretzky. Three", "title": "2010 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "2753821", "score": "1.6378515", "text": "for an Olympic conference in 1934, Diem and Lewald imagined a new symbolic pageant that would cloak the German games with the ancient Greek mantle: the transit of a lit Olympic flame from Greece to Berlin by a relay of torch-bearing runners. While the relay is sometimes believed to be an ancient tradition, it was in fact the wholly modern creation of Lewald and Diem; the ancient games included a ritual flame commemorating the theft of fire from the gods by Prometheus, but not a torch relay. Diem had been organizing long distance road relays ever since 1910. On June", "title": "Carl Diem" }, { "id": "806698", "score": "1.6374838", "text": "of seven young British athletes (Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, Desiree Henry, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds and Adelle Tracey) — each nominated by a British Olympic champion — who then each lit a single tiny flame on the ground, igniting 204 copper petals before they converged to form the cauldron for the Games. The design of the torch used in the relay to the Games changes for each Games. They may be designed to represent a classical ideal, or to represent some local aspect of those particular Games. The first Olympic torches in 1936 were produced by the Krupp", "title": "Olympic flame" }, { "id": "15014785", "score": "1.6368802", "text": "the American West, while the bottom section represented the future and modern technology. The Torchbearer gripped the torch at the junction of both the aged and polished silver, during which their hand represented a bridge from the past to the present. The two silver sections also mirrored the blue/purple colors of the \"Fire and Ice\" theme. The Olympic torch was carried through a variety of modes, including runners, skiers, motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, canoes and bicycle. Delta Air Lines, one of the relay providers, was responsible for carrying the flame across the Atlantic Ocean from Athens, Greece to the United", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "10136813", "score": "1.6318251", "text": "protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames", "title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "12608586", "score": "1.6288252", "text": "the three oaths are merged into one as the Unified Oath where one athlete, judge, and coach recite one line of the oath respectively before the athlete finishes it. Finally, the Torch is brought into the stadium, passed from athlete to athlete during the torch relay, until it reaches the last carrier; often a well-known athlete from the host nation, who lights the fire in the stadium's cauldron. Under IOC rules, the lighting of the Olympic cauldron must be witnessed by those attending the opening ceremony, implying that it must be lit at the location where the ceremony is taking", "title": "Olympic Games ceremony" }, { "id": "3289116", "score": "1.6244112", "text": "flame had travelled to Africa, India and South America. The flame was transported from country to country aboard a specially-equipped Boeing 747 leased from Atlanta Icelandic (Registration TF-ARO) called \"Zeus\". On board the flame was carried and burned continuously in specially modified miners lamps. March 25: March 26: March 27: March 28: March 29: March 30: March 31: The International Leg of the 2004 Olympic Torch Relay officially began on June 4, 2004, when the flame touched down in Sydney, Australia, host city of the 2000 Summer Olympics. The International Leg of the 2004 Olympic Torch Relay officially concluded on", "title": "2004 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "16699050", "score": "1.618058", "text": "in 1936. The Flame is initiated by using a parabolic mirror that concentrates the sun's rays. However, due to some cloud cover on the day of the ceremony, there was insufficient sunlight to create the required level of heat. A backup, lit on the previous day during rehearsals, was used instead. The remainder of the ceremony could then take place. The relay always begins in Greece and travels from Olympia to Athens and the Panathenaic Stadium. The Hellenic Olympic Committee arranged for the torch to be taken to several Greek islands, a first in the history of Olympic relays. The", "title": "2000 Summer Olympics torch relay" }, { "id": "15014790", "score": "1.6170746", "text": "happening during the ceremony. The weekend prior to the lighting ceremony, the flame held in the clay urn had been lit using the parabolic mirror and the sun's rays in case of this situation. Following the ceremony, a two-day Greek torch relay carried the flame to the Panathenian stadium in Athens, Greece, where it burned in a cauldron for two weeks. On December 3, 2001, a Greek skier, Thanassis Tsailas, lit a 2002 Olympic torch from a flame in the cauldron, which in turn was used to light a ceremonial lantern. This lantern was then flown aboard the \"Soaring Spirit\"", "title": "2002 Winter Olympics torch relay" } ]

[ "On The Moon", "On the Moon (album)", "on moon", "On the Moon", "on moon album", "On The moon" ]

[ { "id": "1654401", "score": "1.4710813", "text": "feature is Rima Hyginus. The mare is bordered by the mountain range Montes Apenninus. The mare was named by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in 1651. Mare Vaporum Mare Vaporum (the \"sea of vapors\") is a lunar mare located between the southwest rim of Mare Serenitatis and the southeast rim of Mare Imbrium. The lunar material surrounding the mare is from the Lower Imbrian epoch, and the mare material is from the Eratosthenian epoch. The mare lies in an old basin or crater that is within the Procellarum basin. The mare is in diameter and in area. It may be from the", "title": "Mare Vaporum" }, { "id": "1654400", "score": "1.4344308", "text": "Mare Vaporum Mare Vaporum (the \"sea of vapors\") is a lunar mare located between the southwest rim of Mare Serenitatis and the southeast rim of Mare Imbrium. The lunar material surrounding the mare is from the Lower Imbrian epoch, and the mare material is from the Eratosthenian epoch. The mare lies in an old basin or crater that is within the Procellarum basin. The mare is in diameter and in area. It may be from the Pre-Imbrian period, which lasted from 4.55 to 3.85 billion years ago. To the south of the mare is a light colored thin line. This", "title": "Mare Vaporum" }, { "id": "10098040", "score": "1.408047", "text": "Vapors (seaQuest DSV) \"Vapors\" is the fifth episode of \"seaQuest DSV\"`s second season. It was originally shown on October 9, 1994. Quick Overview: While on shore leave, Captain Bridger and Dr. Wendy Smith struggle with a possible romance after Piccolo inadvertently starts rumours about them in the maglev. Meanwhile, Henderson and O'Neill go out on a date, while Ford, Brody and Ortiz try to find female companionship. On their shore leave, Piccolo, Lucas and Dagwood respond to Piccolo's father's plea for help. When \"seaQuest\" returns to New Cape Quest for shore leave, the crew disembark on various adventures. When Piccolo's", "title": "Vapors (seaQuest DSV)" }, { "id": "574613", "score": "1.3531373", "text": "sourcebook \"The Scarlet Brotherhood\" (1999), by Sean K. Reynolds. The Sea of Dust is a vast desert of ash and dust bound by a number of mountain ranges, including the Sulhauts to the north, the Hellfurnaces to the east, and a spur of the Tyurzi Mountains to the south. The Sea of Dust was first described in print in \"Quag Keep\" by Andre Norton, who wrote the book with Gary Gygax giving her information on the \"Greyhawk\" setting in which it was set. It was described more formally and familiarly in \"The World of Greyhawk\" folio (1980) with the description", "title": "Flanaess" }, { "id": "2389076", "score": "1.3016515", "text": "The Vapors The Vapors are an English new wave and power pop band that initially existed between 1978 and 1981. They had a top ten hit with the song \"Turning Japanese\" in 1980, which reached No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart, and No. 36 in the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Based in Guildford, Surrey, an early version of the band was playing the Three Lions pub in Farncombe when The Jam's bassist Bruce Foxton spotted them. The band's lineup stabilized with David Fenton (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Howard Smith (drums), Edward Bazalgette (lead guitar) and Steve Smith (bass). Howard", "title": "The Vapors" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mare Vaporum\n\nMare Vaporum (Latin \"vapōrum\", the \"sea of vapors\") is a lunar mare located between the southwest rim of Mare Serenitatis and the southeast rim of Mare Imbrium. It was named by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in 1651.\n\nThe mare lies in an old basin or crater that is within the Procellarum basin. It is in diameter and in area, and is bordered to the northeast by the mountain range Montes Apenninus. In the south of the mare is Rima Hyginus, a rille intersected by the crater Hyginus. The lunar material surrounding the mare is from the Lower Imbrian epoch, and the mare material is from the Eratosthenian epoch.\n\n", "title": "Mare Vaporum" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Water vapor\n\nWater vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is less dense than most of the other constituents of air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds.\n\nBeing a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and warming feedback, contributing more to total greenhouse effect than non-condensable gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Use of water vapor, as steam, has been important for cooking, and as a major component in energy production and transport systems since the industrial revolution.\n\nWater vapor is a relatively common atmospheric constituent, present even in the solar atmosphere as well as every planet in the Solar System and many astronomical objects including natural satellites, comets and even large asteroids. Likewise the detection of extrasolar water vapor would indicate a similar distribution in other planetary systems. Water vapor can also be indirect evidence supporting the presence of extraterrestrial liquid water in the case of some planetary mass objects.", "title": "Water vapor" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of lunar features\n\nThe surface of the Moon has many features, including mountains and valleys, craters, and \"maria\"—wide flat areas that look like seas from a distance but are probably solidified molten rock. Some of these features are listed.", "title": "List of lunar features" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vapor pressure\n\nVapor pressure (or vapour pressure in English-speaking countries other than the US; see spelling differences) or equilibrium vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate. It relates to the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid (or a solid). A substance with a high vapor pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as \"volatile\". The pressure exhibited by vapor present above a liquid surface is known as vapor pressure. As the temperature of a liquid increases, the kinetic energy of its molecules also increases. As the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, the number of molecules transitioning into a vapor also increases, thereby increasing the vapor pressure.\n\nThe vapor pressure of any substance increases non-linearly with temperature according to the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The atmospheric pressure boiling point of a liquid (also known as the normal boiling point) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the ambient atmospheric pressure. With any incremental increase in that temperature, the vapor pressure becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and lift the liquid to form vapor bubbles inside the bulk of the substance. Bubble formation deeper in the liquid requires a higher temperature due to the higher fluid pressure, because fluid pressure increases above the atmospheric pressure as the depth increases. More important at shallow depths is the higher temperature required to start bubble formation. The surface tension of the bubble wall leads to an overpressure in the very small, initial bubbles.\n\nThe vapor pressure that a single component in a mixture contributes to the total pressure in the system is called partial pressure. For example, air at sea level, and saturated with water vapor at 20 °C, has partial pressures of about 2.3 kPa of water, 78 kPa of nitrogen, 21 kPa of oxygen and 0.9 kPa of argon, totaling 102.2 kPa, making the basis for standard atmospheric pressure.", "title": "Vapor pressure" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of maria on the Moon\n\nThis is a list of \"maria\" (large, dark, basaltic plains) on the Moon. It includes other basaltic plains, including the one \"oceanus\" as well as features known by the names \"lacus\", \"palus\" and \"sinus\". The modern system of lunar nomenclature was introduced in 1651 by Giovanni Battista Riccioli. Riccioli's map of the Moon was drawn by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who has a crater named after him.", "title": "List of maria on the Moon" }, { "id": "574614", "score": "1.2945378", "text": "repeated in the \"World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting\" a few years later. The Sea of Dust was described in much greater detail in \"Sea of Death\", a non-TSR novel written by Gary Gygax in 1987, and in \"Greyhawk Adventures\", published by TSR in 1988. There has been a little more information published since then in the \"Living Greyhawk Gazetteer\", and elsewhere. The detail about thri-kreen packs was mentioned in \"Thri-Kreen of Athas\", which had a short section on the thri-kreen of Oerth. The Sea of Dust is dominated by powdery gray ash immediately west of the Hellfurnaces. More ash", "title": "Flanaess" }, { "id": "10098044", "score": "1.2912251", "text": "boat and be unable to maintain a relationship with the ship's captain. Vapors (seaQuest DSV) \"Vapors\" is the fifth episode of \"seaQuest DSV\"`s second season. It was originally shown on October 9, 1994. Quick Overview: While on shore leave, Captain Bridger and Dr. Wendy Smith struggle with a possible romance after Piccolo inadvertently starts rumours about them in the maglev. Meanwhile, Henderson and O'Neill go out on a date, while Ford, Brody and Ortiz try to find female companionship. On their shore leave, Piccolo, Lucas and Dagwood respond to Piccolo's father's plea for help. When \"seaQuest\" returns to New Cape", "title": "Vapors (seaQuest DSV)" }, { "id": "691464", "score": "1.2614248", "text": "fog that diffuses direct sunlight. Sea smoke, also called steam fog or evaporation fog, is the most localized form and is created by cold air passing over warmer water or moist land. It often causes freezing fog, or sometimes hoar frost. Arctic sea smoke is similar to sea smoke, but occurs when the air is very cold. Instead of condensing into water droplets, columns of freezing, rising, and condensing water vapor is formed. The water vapor produces the \"sea smoke fog\", and is usually misty and smoke-like. Garúa fog near the coast of Chile and Peru, occurs when typical fog", "title": "Fog" }, { "id": "2012284", "score": "1.2596154", "text": "Sea of clouds A sea of clouds is an overcast layer of clouds, viewed from above, with a relatively uniform top which shows undulations of very different lengths resembling waves. A sea of fog is formed from stratus clouds or fog and does not show undulations. In both cases, the phenomenon looks very similar to the open ocean. The comparison is even more complete if some mountain peaks rise above the clouds, thus resembling islands. A sea of clouds forms generally in valleys or over seas in very stable air mass conditions such as in a temperature inversion. Humidity can", "title": "Sea of clouds" }, { "id": "2389082", "score": "1.250572", "text": "2017 and 10 in 2018. That included 3 dates in New York City with David Fenton's son, Dan Fenton, standing in for Ed Bazelgette on lead guitar, where they played several new tracks, including \"Secret Noise\", \"Sundown River\", \"Letter to Hiro (No11)\", \"The Right Stuff\", \"One of My Dreams\", and \"King L\". As of 2017, the band’s catalog masters are controlled by Razor & Tie Industries. On 21 April 2018, they re-released \"Turning Japanese\" on red vinyl with bonus tracks for Record Store Day. The Vapors The Vapors are an English new wave and power pop band that initially existed", "title": "The Vapors" }, { "id": "2885831", "score": "1.2498672", "text": "Devil's Sea The , also known as the Dragon's Triangle and the Pacific Bermuda Triangle, is a region of the Pacific, south of Tokyo. The Devil's sea is sometimes considered a paranormal location, though the veracity of these claims has been questioned. The Japanese word \"ma no umi\" (translated as evil sea, troublesome sea, or dangerous sea) had been widely used to describe dangerous marine locations around the world. This means that there are many locations where Japanese call \"ma no umi\". In 4 January 1955, a Japanese ship \"Shinyo Maru No. 10\" (第十伸洋丸) lost radio contact near Mikura-jima, and", "title": "Devil's Sea" }, { "id": "12323855", "score": "1.2479682", "text": "Sea The sea, the world ocean or simply the ocean is the connected body of salty water that covers over 70 percent of the Earth's surface. It moderates the Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It has been travelled and explored since ancient times, while the scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly from the voyages of Captain James Cook to explore the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. The word \"sea\" is also used to denote smaller, partly landlocked sections of the ocean. The most abundant solid dissolved in sea water", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "783831", "score": "1.245962", "text": "Molten Sea The Molten Sea or Brazen Sea ( \"cast metal sea\") was a large basin in the Temple in Jerusalem made by Solomon for ablution of the priests. It is described in and . It stood in the south-eastern corner of the inner court. According to the Bible it was five cubits high, ten cubits in diameter from brim to brim, and thirty cubits in circumference. The brim was \"like the calyx of a lily\" and turned outward \"about an hand breadth\"; or about four inches. It was placed on the backs of twelve oxen, standing with their faces", "title": "Molten Sea" }, { "id": "18956018", "score": "1.245861", "text": "room and without saying another word, disrobes and walks towards Thomas to have sexual relations with him. William M. Hoffman, well known NYC Playwright and friend of Andy Milligan, has said that all of the interior shots of \"Vapors\" took place in a vacant apartment floor on 199 Prince Street, Manhattan in the very same building where both William and Andy lived during that time. Joel Thurm, who played the bathhouse attendant, has said that the shots of the transaction with the clerk took place in a candy store a few streets away either on 6th or 8th Avenue. The", "title": "Vapors (film)" }, { "id": "12323862", "score": "1.245761", "text": "of Earth's water is frozen, found in the sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean, the ice cap covering Antarctica and its adjacent seas, and various glaciers and surface deposits around the world. The remainder (about 0.65% of the whole) form underground reservoirs or various stages of the water cycle, containing the freshwater encountered and used by most terrestrial life: vapor in the air, the clouds it slowly forms, the rain falling from them, and the lakes and rivers spontaneously formed as its waters flow again and again to the sea. The sea's dominance of the planet is such that the", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "2885839", "score": "1.2419747", "text": "volcanoes and seismic activity. It should also be noted that because the location of the Dragon’s Triangle is not plotted on any official world map, the size and perimeter vary from one author to another author. Devil's Sea The , also known as the Dragon's Triangle and the Pacific Bermuda Triangle, is a region of the Pacific, south of Tokyo. The Devil's sea is sometimes considered a paranormal location, though the veracity of these claims has been questioned. The Japanese word \"ma no umi\" (translated as evil sea, troublesome sea, or dangerous sea) had been widely used to describe dangerous", "title": "Devil's Sea" }, { "id": "9366337", "score": "1.2413483", "text": "Fire Sea Fire Sea is the third book in The Death Gate Cycle series written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. It was released in 1991. Abarrach, the Realm of Stone. Here, on a barren world of underground caverns built around a core of molten lava, the lesser races—humans, elves, and dwarves—seem to have all died off. Here, too, what may well be the last remnants of the once powerful Sartan still struggle to survive. For Haplo and Alfred, enemies by heritage, traveling companions by necessity, Abarrach may reveal more than either dares to discover about the history of the", "title": "Fire Sea" }, { "id": "12323904", "score": "1.2400304", "text": "on land, and largely returns to the sea. Even in the Atacama Desert, where little rain ever falls, dense clouds of fog known as the camanchaca blow in from the sea and support plant life. In central Asia and other large land masses, there are endorheic basins which have no outlet to the sea, separated from the ocean by mountains or other natural geologic features that prevent the water draining away. The Caspian Sea is the largest one of these. Its main inflow is from the River Volga, there is no outflow and the evaporation of water makes it saline", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "12324022", "score": "1.2374344", "text": "smoothly into oceans of supercritical hydrogen. The atmosphere of Venus is 96.5% carbon dioxide, which is a supercritical fluid at its surface. On other bodies: Ocean An ocean () is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word \"ocean\" is often used interchangeably with \"sea\" in American English. Strictly speaking, a \"sea\" is a body of saline water (generally a division of the", "title": "Ocean" }, { "id": "7311507", "score": "1.237248", "text": "Sea smoke Sea smoke, frost smoke, or steam fog, is fog which is formed when very cold air moves over warmer water. Arctic sea smoke is sea smoke forming over small patches of open water in sea ice. It forms when a light wind of very cold air mixes with a shallow layer of saturated warm air immediately above the warmer water. The warmer air is cooled beyond the dew point and can no longer hold as much water vapor, so the excess condenses out. The effect is similar to the \"steam\" produced over a hot bath or a hot", "title": "Sea smoke" } ]

[ "", "forty time", "40 time", "forty time", "40 days", "40", "time:days" ]

[ { "id": "20829120", "score": "1.932074", "text": "for Health were able to impose periods of isolation of at least 14 days, upper length dependent on the situation in the port of question, and to cordon off areas of the cities. Independent branches of the Venetian health services immediately discontinued trade and travel to and from Venice, functioning independently with the immediate isolation order of the Venetian Senate until the outbreak abated. Other methods of disease control included an intricate network of information and messaging, allowing for efficient reporting of and response to outbreaks, and the capacity to mobilise local coastal garrisons to carry out inspections, allowing isolation", "title": "Magistrate for Health" }, { "id": "2629349", "score": "1.8207309", "text": "on their forearms with the pus from a lesion. In 1485 the Republic of Venice established a permanent Venetian Magistrate for Health comprising supervisors of health with special attention to the prevention of the spread of epidemics in the territory from abroad. The three supervisors were initially appointed by the Venetian Senate. In 1537 it was assumed by the Grand Council, and in 1556 added two judges, with the task of control, on behalf of the Republic, the efforts of the supervisors. However, according to Michel Foucault, the plague model of governmentality was later controverted by the cholera model. A", "title": "Public health" }, { "id": "340002", "score": "1.803021", "text": "Dubrovnik, Croatia). This was practiced as a measure of disease prevention related to the Black Death. Between 1348 and 1359, the Black Death wiped out an estimated 30% of Europe's population, and a significant percentage of Asia's population. The original document from 1377, which is kept in the Archives of Dubrovnik, states that before entering the city, newcomers had to spend 30 days (a \"trentine\") in a restricted place (originally nearby islands) waiting to see whether the symptoms of Black Death would develop. Later, isolation was prolonged to 40 days and was called quarantine. Other diseases lent themselves to the", "title": "Quarantine" }, { "id": "4940366", "score": "1.7884042", "text": "or more plague pits. Some estimates suggest that 100,000 people died on the island over the centuries. Some time after the island had become a quarantine station for ships arriving at Venice in the 18th century, a plague was discovered on two ships. The island was sealed off and used to host people with infectious diseases, leading to legends of terminally ill Venetians waiting to die before their ghosts returned to haunt the island. In 1922, the island became home to a mental hospital where a doctor allegedly experimented on patients with crude lobotomies. He later threw himself from the", "title": "Poveglia" }, { "id": "1751522", "score": "1.787028", "text": "to the lagoon’s salt marshes, the salines became Torcello’s economic backbone and its harbour developed quickly into an important re-export market in the profitable east-west-trade, which was largely controlled by Byzantium during that period. The Black Death devastated the Venice Republic in 1348 and again between 1575 and 1577. In three years, the plague killed some 50,000 people. In 1630, the Italian plague of 1629–31 killed a third of Venice's 150,000 citizens. A further serious issue for Torcello specifically was that the swamp area of the lagoon around the island increased by the 14th century, partly because of the lowering", "title": "Torcello" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Quarantine\n\nA quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been exposed to a communicable disease, yet do not have a confirmed medical diagnosis. It is distinct from medical isolation, in which those confirmed to be infected with a communicable disease are isolated from the healthy population. Quarantine considerations are often one aspect of border control.\n\nThe concept of quarantine has been known since biblical times, and is known to have been practised through history in various places. Notable quarantines in modern history include the village of Eyam in 1665 during the bubonic plague outbreak in England; East Samoa during the 1918 flu pandemic; the Diphtheria outbreak during the 1925 serum run to Nome, the 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak, the SARS pandemic, the Ebola pandemic and extensive quarantines applied throughout the world during the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020.\n\nEthical and practical considerations need to be considered when applying quarantine to people. Practice differs from country to country; in some countries, quarantine is just one of many measures governed by legislation relating to the broader concept of biosecurity; for example, Australian biosecurity is governed by the single overarching \"Biosecurity Act 2015\".", "title": "Quarantine" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tenedos\n\nTenedos (, \"Tenedhos\", ), or Bozcaada in Turkish, is an island of Turkey in the northeastern part of the Aegean Sea. Administratively, the island constitutes the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale Province. With an area of it is the third largest Turkish island after Imbros (Gökçeada) and Marmara. In 2018, the district had a population of 3023. The main industries are tourism, wine production and fishing. The island has been famous for its grapes, wines and red poppies for centuries. It is a former bishopric and presently a Latin Catholic titular see.\nTenedos is mentioned in both the \"Iliad\" and the \"Aeneid\", in the latter as the site where the Greeks hid their fleet near the end of the Trojan War in order to trick the Trojans into believing the war was over and into taking the Trojan Horse within their city walls. The island was important throughout classical antiquity despite its small size due to its strategic location at the entrance of the Dardanelles. In the following centuries, the island came under the control of a succession of regional powers, including the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the Delian League, the empire of Alexander the Great, the Kingdom of Pergamon, the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, before passing to the Republic of Venice. As a result of the War of Chioggia (1381) between Genoa and Venice the entire population was evacuated and the town was demolished. The Ottoman Empire established control over the deserted island in 1455. During Ottoman rule, it was resettled by both Greeks and Turks. In 1807, the island was temporarily occupied by the Russians. During this invasion the town was burnt down and many Turkish residents left the island.\n\nUnder Greek administration between 1912 and 1923, Tenedos was ceded to Turkey with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) which ended the Turkish War of Independence following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. The treaty called for a quasi-autonomous administration to accommodate the local Greek population and excluded the Greeks on the two islands of Imbros and Tenedos from the wider population exchanges that took place between Greece and Turkey. Tenedos remained majority Greek until the late 1960s and early 1970s, when many Greeks emigrated because of systemic discrimination and better opportunities elsewhere. Starting with the second half of the 20th century, there has been immigration from mainland Anatolia, especially Romani from the town of Bayramiç.", "title": "Tenedos" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of historical films set in Near Eastern and Western civilization ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "The Nuttall Encyclopædia/C - Wikisource, the free online library" }, { "id": "20829119", "score": "1.7754812", "text": "a means of inoculation against smallpox, preceded only by the Hospital of Santa Maria degli Innocenti in Florence, and the first to offer it freely to the public for purposes of herd immunity. Despite their precautions, epidemics continued to occur regularly in Venice. The outbreak of plague of 1576–1577 killed around 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population; a similar proportion of the population was killed in 1630 in the Italian plague of 1629-31, when around 46,000 of the city’s 140,000 citizens were killed. In order to enable control and quarantine of disease outbreaks, officials of the Magistrate", "title": "Magistrate for Health" }, { "id": "5173834", "score": "1.755409", "text": "into northern and central Italy, spreading the infection. In October 1629, the plague reached Milan, Lombardy's major commercial center. Although the city initiated effective public health measures, including quarantine and limiting the access of German soldiers and trade goods, the plague smoldered. A major outbreak in March 1630 was due to relaxed health measures during the carnival season. This was followed by a second wave in the spring and summer of 1631. Overall, Milan suffered approximately 60,000 fatalities out of a total population of 130,000. East of Lombardy, the Republic of Venice was infected in 1630–31. The city of Venice", "title": "1629–31 Italian plague" }, { "id": "20491197", "score": "1.7387037", "text": "with the provisions of this decree were 100 ducats or prison sentence and severe corporal punishment. The penalty was applied only to commoners. In addition, a Decree prohibited the importation of goods from the countryside for the entire duration of the epidemic. In the 15th century, the quarantine facilities were moved closer to the city because the Ottoman Empire could have used them as a base for the attack on the city. By the mid-15th century, quarantines have become complex institutes that employed scribe, two guards, gravedigger, two cleaners, and additionally, since 1457 epidemic, priest, barber, and two kacamorti's. In", "title": "Lazzarettos of Dubrovnik" }, { "id": "3894840", "score": "1.7328372", "text": "reprovisioning themselves. Arriving in Venice in October after stopping in various islands to recover and borrow money, the financial transactions required to both provide the ransom and pay for the travel arrangements and living expenses of the nobles were tremendously complicated. A three-sided transaction between Burgundy, Sigismund and Venice took 27 years to settle. A plague outbreak in Venice required the nobles to move temporarily to Treviso, but still claimed Henri de Bar. The last of the Crusader leaders - Nevers, Boucicaut, Guillaume de Tremoille and Jacques de la Marche -, along with seven or eight other knights, re-entered France", "title": "Battle of Nicopolis" }, { "id": "20491196", "score": "1.7268444", "text": "This decree was published in Dubrovnik's book of laws, the so-called Green Book (Latin: Liber viridis); \"Veniens de locis pestiferis non intret Ragusium nel districtum\" (English: Whoever comes from the infected lands shall not enter Ragusa or its territory). In 1397, the Great Council adopted a new decree - \"De ordinibus contra eos qui veniunt de locis pestiferis anno 1397 factis\" () which determined duration and the place of the quarantine, imposed penalties for the perpetrators and ordered the appointing of three healthcare officers called \"kacamorti\" to supervise the implementation and compliance with quarantine provisions. The penalties for not complying", "title": "Lazzarettos of Dubrovnik" }, { "id": "5419577", "score": "1.7241966", "text": "and safe houses, administering treatment, to the horror of the Board of Health and officials in Padua and surrounding cities, who worried the disease would spread. When Mercuriali and Capodivacca began their treatment of the sick in Venice, the death toll had come to a near halt—this was one of the reasons they believed it could not be the true plague. However, by the end of June, the month when they began their work, it rose at an incredible rate. By the beginning of July, the Senate ordered Mercuriale and Capodivacca to be quarantined themselves and it was largely believed", "title": "Girolamo Mercuriale" }, { "id": "77368", "score": "1.7232213", "text": "by Habsburg armies in 1630, who besieged the plague-stricken town, and after its fall in July looted its treasures, and dispersed the artistic community. The plague was carried to Mantua's ally Venice by an embassy led by Monteverdi's confidante Striggio, and over a period of 16 months led to over 45,000 deaths, leaving Venice's population in 1633 at just above 100,000, the lowest level for about 150 years. Among the plague victims was Monteverdi's assistant at San Marco, and a notable composer in his own right, Alessandro Grandi. The plague and the after-effects of war had an inevitable deleterious effect", "title": "Claudio Monteverdi" }, { "id": "19224702", "score": "1.7155895", "text": "to pass through a checkpoint. In the summer of 1829, the quarantine was made stricter, such that anyone travelling to the city had to spend 2–3 weeks in the quarantine zone. Anybody suspected of illness had to be put into isolation. This dissuaded local farmers from entering the city with goods. This led to a shortage of rations, which was compounded by hoarding of goods by quarantine officials. The deficit and poor quality of the goods in the city contributed to illness and death amongst the population, and the effects were the most pronounced in the poorer parts of the", "title": "Sevastopol plague uprising" }, { "id": "3317443", "score": "1.7146837", "text": "Canaletto, J. M. W. Turner, John Singer Sargent, and the Venetian artist Francesco Guardi. Beginning in the summer of 1630, a wave of the plague assaulted Venice, and until 1631 killed nearly a third of the population. In the city, 46,000 people died whilst in the lagoons the number was far higher, some 94,000. Repeated displays of the sacrament, as well as prayers and processions to churches dedicated to San Rocco and San Lorenzo Giustiniani had failed to stem the epidemic. Echoing the architectural response to a prior assault of the plague (1575–76), when Palladio was asked to design the", "title": "Santa Maria della Salute" }, { "id": "4940370", "score": "1.7135158", "text": "plague victims there. Poveglia Poveglia () is a small island located between Venice and Lido in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. A small canal divides the island into two separate parts. The island first appears in the historical record in 421, was populated until the residents fled warfare in 1379. Beginning in 1776, the island was used as a quarantine station for those suffering the plague and other diseases for more than 100 years, and later as a mental hospital. Because of this, the island is frequently featured on paranormal shows. The mental hospital closed in 1968, and the island", "title": "Poveglia" }, { "id": "15474738", "score": "1.704448", "text": "of supreme mercy). A portrait of him entitled \"Marco Gussoni blessing the plague victims at the Lazzaretto of Ferrara\" is exhibited in Ca' Rezzonico. Saint Ignatius of Loyola visited the city of Venice for the first time in 1523 to embark on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. He returned to I Gesuiti in 1535 with a group of friends, who already called themselves the Society of Jesus (members of which are referred to as Jesuits - Gesuiti in Italian), and here they were ordained as priests. It took just two years for the group to fully establish themselves in the lagoon", "title": "I Gesuiti, Venice" }, { "id": "339997", "score": "1.6932459", "text": "(seventeenth-century Venetian) of 'quaranta giorni', meaning forty days, the period that all ships were required to be isolated before passengers and crew could go ashore during the Black Death plague epidemic. Quarantine can be applied to humans, but also to animals of various kinds, and both as part of border control as well as within a country. The quarantining of people often raises questions of civil rights, especially in cases of long confinement or segregation from society, such as that of Mary Mallon (aka Typhoid Mary), a typhoid fever carrier who spent the last 24 years and 7 months her", "title": "Quarantine" }, { "id": "16324015", "score": "1.6931199", "text": "the Black Death occurred during his time in office. Republic was one of the first European cities hit by the pandemics as it was a Genoese ship sailing away from Kaffa, in the Crimea, besieged by the Mongols that carried the disease across the Mediterranean. From November 1347 to 1351, the plague killed 30 to 40% of the population of the city, the Doge was among the victims. He died on January 6, 1350, and was buried in the Cathedral of San Lorenzo. His successor, Giovanni Valente, was elected three days later in a climate of tension between \"popolanis\" and", "title": "Giovanni I di Murta" }, { "id": "2402266", "score": "1.6923048", "text": "the Grand Canal, the area grew primarily with working class housing and manufacturing. Beginning in 1516, Jews were restricted to living in the Venetian Ghetto. It was enclosed by guarded gates and no one was allowed to leave from sunset to dawn. However, Jews held successful positions in the city such as merchants, physicians, money lenders, and other trades. Restrictions on daily Jewish life continued for more than 270 years, until Napoleon Bonaparte conquered the Venetian Republic in 1797. He removed the gates and gave all residents the freedom to live where they chose. In the 19th century, civil engineers", "title": "Cannaregio" }, { "id": "340003", "score": "1.6909066", "text": "practice of quarantine before and after the devastation of the plague. Those afflicted with leprosy were historically isolated from society, as were the attempts to check the invasion of syphilis in northern Europe in about 1490, the advent of yellow fever in Spain at the beginning of the 19th century, and the arrival of Asiatic cholera in 1831. Venice took the lead in measures to check the spread of plague, having appointed three guardians of public health in the first years of the Black Death (1348). The next record of preventive measures comes from Reggio in Modena in 1374. The", "title": "Quarantine" } ]

[ "The Cape of Good Hope", "cabo de buena esperanza", "South African Cape", "Cabo de Buena Esperanza", "Kaap de Goede Hoop", "Cape of Good Hope", "Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)", "Cape of Good Hope (landmark)", "Cape Hope", "Cape of Storms", "kaap die goeie hoop", "cape hope", "Cape of good hope", "kaap de goede hoop", "south african cape", "cape of good hope south africa", "Cape of Good Hope, South Africa", "cape of storms", "Kaap die Goeie Hoop", "African cape", "cape point nature reserve", "cabo da boa esperança", "Cabo da Boa Esperança", "Cape of storms", "Cape Point Nature Reserve", "Cape of Good Hope (Landmark)", "cape of good hope", "african cape", "cape of good hope landmark" ]

[ { "id": "563917", "score": "1.7836056", "text": "Bartolomeu Dias Bartolomeu Dias (; ; Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1450 – 29 May 1500), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first to do so, setting up the route from Europe to Asia later on. Dias is the first European peri-Age of Discovery to anchor at what is present-day South Africa. Bartolomeu Dias was a squire of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war \"São Cristóvão\" (Saint Christopher). Very little is known of his early life. King John", "title": "Bartolomeu Dias" }, { "id": "12900170", "score": "1.7295892", "text": "and they faced the irregular winds near the doldrums and the east-flowing Guinea Current. In 1471 they reached the Gold coast where they found the gold that had previously come by caravan across the Sahara. In 1474 Lopes Gonçalves reached the point where the coast turns south and became the first European sailor to cross the equator. In 1475-79 Spain and Portugal fought along the coast. The Treaty of Alcáçovas gave the whole area to the Portuguese except for the Canaries. This was the first colonial war and the first colonial treaty. In 1482 Diogo Cão continued south against the", "title": "Winds in the Age of Sail" }, { "id": "9805007", "score": "1.6859479", "text": "points and claim them for Portugal by setting up on each a stone cross called padrão. During his first voyage, thought to have taken place in 1482, he reached a place he called Monte Negro, now called Cabo de Santa Maria, roughly 150 km southwest of today’s Benguela, Angola. During his second voyage, in 1484–1486, Cão reached Cape Cross in January 1486, being the first European to visit this area. During this voyage he proceeded c. 1,400 km farther than during the first one. He is known to have erected two padrãos in the areas beyond his first voyage, one", "title": "Cape Cross" }, { "id": "563918", "score": "1.6818684", "text": "II of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1486, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India. Dias was also charged with searching for the lands ruled by Prester John, a fabled Christian priest and ruler of a territory somewhere beyond Europe. He left 10 months later in August 1487. In the previous decades Portuguese mariners, most famously Prince Henry the Navigator (whose contribution was more as a patron and sponsor of voyages of discovery than as a sailor), had explored the areas of the Atlantic", "title": "Bartolomeu Dias" }, { "id": "10445063", "score": "1.6675551", "text": "on his first expedition (1445), Álvaro Fernandes surpassed all others and was the first European to land on \"Bezeguiche\" (Gorée island, in the bay of Dakar), sailing as far as the Cape of Masts (Cape Naze) in central Senegal. The extent of his second 1446 journey is more uncertain. Zurara reports Fernandes sailed as far as 110 leagues beyond Cape Vert. If Zurara was exactly correct, that would mean Fernandes reached the environs of Cape Verga (, in modern Guinea), an incredible leap beyond his last point. Chronicler João de Barros goes even further, identifying the river Fernandes sailed up", "title": "Álvaro Fernandes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bartolomeu Dias\n\nBartolomeu Dias ( 1450 – 29 May 1500) was a Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488, he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa and to demonstrate that the most effective southward route for ships lay in the open ocean, well to the west of the African coast. His discoveries effectively established the sea route between Europe and Asia.", "title": "Bartolomeu Dias" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cape of Good Hope\n\nThe Cape of Good Hope ( ) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa.\n\nA common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, based on the misbelief that the Cape was the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, and have nothing to do with north or south. In fact, by looking at a map, the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about to the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm-water Agulhas current meets the cold-water Benguela current and turns back on itself. That oceanic meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about east of the Cape of Good Hope).\n\nWhen following the western side of the African coastline from the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where a ship begins to travel more eastward than southward. Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1487 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (although Herodotus mentioned a claim that the Phoenicians had done so far earlier). Dias called the cape \"Cabo das Tormentas\" (\"Cape of Storms\"; ), which was the original name of the \"Cape of Good Hope\".\n\nAs one of the great capes of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Cape of Good Hope has long been of special significance to sailors, many of whom refer to it simply as \"the Cape\". It is a waypoint on the Cape Route and the clipper route followed by clipper ships to the Far East and Australia, and still followed by several offshore yacht races.\n\nThe term \"Cape of Good Hope\" is also used in three other ways:\n", "title": "Cape of Good Hope" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vasco da Gama\n\nVasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (; ; c. 1460s – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.\n\nHis initial voyage to India by way of Cape of Good Hope (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. This is widely considered a milestone in world history, as it marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of global multiculturalism. Da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India opened the way for an age of global imperialism and enabled the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire along the way from Africa to Asia. The violence and hostage-taking employed by da Gama and those who followed also assigned a brutal reputation to the Portuguese among India's indigenous kingdoms that would set the pattern for western colonialism in the Age of Exploration. Traveling the ocean route allowed the Portuguese to avoid sailing across the highly disputed Mediterranean and traversing the dangerous Arabian Peninsula. The sum of the distances covered in the outward and return voyages made this expedition the longest ocean voyage ever made until then.\n\nAfter decades of sailors trying to reach the Indies, with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and attacks, da Gama landed in Calicut on 20 May 1498. Unopposed access to the Indian spice routes boosted the economy of the Portuguese Empire, which was previously based along northern and coastal West Africa. The main spices at first obtained from Southeast Asia were pepper and cinnamon, but soon included other products, all new to Europe. Portugal maintained a commercial monopoly of these commodities for several decades. It was not until a century later that other European powers, first the Dutch Republic and England, later France and Denmark, were able to challenge Portugal's monopoly and naval supremacy in the Cape Route.\n\nDa Gama led two of the Portuguese India Armadas, the first and the fourth. The latter was the largest and departed for India four years after his return from the first one. For his contributions, in 1524 da Gama was appointed Governor of India, with the title of Viceroy, and was ennobled as Count of Vidigueira in 1519. He remains a leading figure in the history of exploration, and homages worldwide have celebrated his explorations and accomplishments. The Portuguese national epic poem, \"Os Lusíadas\", was written in his honour by Luís de Camões.", "title": "Vasco da Gama" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Age of Discovery\n\nThe Age of Discovery (or the Age of Exploration), also known as the early modern period, was a period largely overlapping with the Age of Sail, approximately from the 15th century to the 17th century in European history, during which seafaring Europeans explored and colonized regions across the globe.\n\nThe extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European encounter and colonization of the Americas. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. As such, it is sometimes synonymous with the first wave of European colonization.\n\nEuropean exploration outside the Mediterranean started with the maritime expeditions of Portugal to the Canary Islands in 1336, and later with the Portuguese discoveries of the Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and Azores, the coast of West Africa in 1434 and the establishment of the sea route to India in 1498 by Vasco da Gama, which is often considered a very remarkable voyage, as it initiated the Portuguese maritime and trade presence in Kerala and the Indian Ocean.\n\nA main event in the Age of Discovery took place when Spain sponsored the transatlantic voyages of Christopher Columbus between 1492 and 1504, which saw the beginning of the colonization of the Americas. Years later, the Spanish expedition of Magellan–Elcano expedition made the first circumnavigation of the globe between 1519 and 1522, which was regarded as a major achievement in seamanship, and had a significant impact on the European understanding of the world. These discoveries led to numerous naval expeditions across the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and land expeditions in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Australia that continued into the late 19th century, followed by the exploration of the polar regions in the 20th century.\n\nEuropean overseas exploration led to the rise of international trade and the European colonial empires, with the contact between the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the New World (the Americas), as well as Australia, producing the Columbian exchange, a wide transfer of plants, animals, food, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and culture between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. The Age of Discovery and later European exploration allowed the mapping of the world, resulting in a new worldview and distant civilizations coming into contact. At the same time, new diseases were propagated, decimating populations not previously in contact with the Old World, particularly concerning Native Americans. The era saw the widespread enslavement, exploitation and military conquest of native populations concurrent with the growing economic influence and spread of European culture and technology.", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India\n\nThe Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India was the first recorded trip directly from Europe to the Indian subcontinent, via the Cape of Good Hope. Under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, it was undertaken during the reign of King Manuel I in 1495–1499. Considered one of the most remarkable voyages of the Age of Discovery, it initiated the Portuguese maritime trade at Fort Cochin and other parts of the Indian Ocean, the military presence and settlements of the Portuguese in Goa and Bombay.", "title": "Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India" }, { "id": "10445070", "score": "1.6668247", "text": "Fernandes sailed beyond his previous marker in 1446, and that this would remain standing as the record length reached by the Portuguese discoveries for the next decade. Fernandes's marker was only surpassed ten years later, in 1456, by Alvise Cadamosto, a Venetian explorer in Henry's service. Cadamosto laid claim to be discoverer of the Casamance River, and named it after the local king (\"mansa\") of the Kasa (a near-extinct people related to the Bainuk people). Álvaro Fernandes Álvaro Fernandes (sometimes given erroneously as António Fernandes), was a 15th-century Portuguese slave-trader and explorer from Madeira, in the service of Henry the", "title": "Álvaro Fernandes" }, { "id": "12900172", "score": "1.6592941", "text": "east against the Agulhas current to Algoa Bay where the coast began to turn north. Guessing that he had found the route to India, he turned back, discovered and rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached Lisbon in 1488. In 1493 Columbus arrived at Lisbon with news of the new world and reported that he had sailed out of sight of land for five weeks. In 1497 Vasco da Gama chose a very obvious and very bold route. After rounding the bulge of Africa he sailed directly south across the trade winds and, helped by the Brazil Current reached", "title": "Winds in the Age of Sail" }, { "id": "3253808", "score": "1.6591922", "text": "His brother-in-law, Francisco de Torres, took charge of the ships and returned to Spain. Several places in Uruguay are named after Juan Díaz de Solís: </div> Juan Díaz de Solís Juan Díaz de Solís (1470 – 20 January 1516) was a 16th-century navigator and explorer. He is also said to be the first European to land on what is now modern day Uruguay. His origins are disputed. One document records him as a Portuguese in the service of Castile (\"Spain\"), having possibly been born in Lisbon or São Pedro de Solis. Others claim that his birth took place in Lebrija,", "title": "Juan Díaz de Solís" }, { "id": "3204222", "score": "1.6586678", "text": "direction of Henry the Navigator, the Portuguese developed a new, much lighter ship, the caravel, which could sail further and faster, and, above all, was highly manoeuvrable and could sail much nearer the wind, or \"into the wind\". In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias reached the Indian Ocean by this route. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon funded Christopher Columbus's plan to sail west to reach the Indies by crossing the Atlantic. He landed on a continent uncharted by Europeans and seen as a new world, the Americas. To prevent conflict between Portugal and Castile (the crown under which", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": "12900168", "score": "1.6571224", "text": "was the basis for the sudden breakout into all the world's oceans in the 30-year period of 1492-1522. The Canary Islands were known to the ancients. They were reached by Lancelotto Malocello in 1312. Jean de Béthencourt conquered two of them in 1405 but the larger islands were not fully subdued until about 1495. The local Guanches have the distinction of being the first non-European people to be wiped out by European expansion. The volta do mar led to the discovery of uninhabited Madeira in 1419 which soon developed a trade in wine and sugar. A longer volta do mar", "title": "Winds in the Age of Sail" }, { "id": "5307898", "score": "1.6553526", "text": "a concession for the exploration and trade in the Gulf of Guinea, Pedro Escobar helped to discover the gold industry that would grow around Elmina in 1471. Pêro Escobar Pedro Escobar, also known as Pêro Escobar, was a 15th-century Portuguese navigator who discovered São Tomé (December 21, 1471), Annobon (January 1, 1472), Príncipe (January 17, 1472) islands, together with João de Santarém c. 1470. He is then recorded sailing with Diogo Cão on his first voyage in 1482, and as the pilot of the famous Bérrio caravel on Vasco da Gama’s first expedition in 1497 to sail directly from Europe", "title": "Pêro Escobar" }, { "id": "182080", "score": "1.6544752", "text": "from Lagos on Henry's behalf, and the first private mercantile expeditions began. Alvise Cadamosto explored the Atlantic coast of Africa and discovered several islands of the Cape Verde archipelago between 1455 and 1456. In his first voyage, which started on 22 March 1455, he visited the Madeira Islands and the Canary Islands. On the second voyage, in 1456, Cadamosto became the first European to reach the Cape Verde Islands. António Noli later claimed the credit. By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as far as present-day Sierra Leone. Twenty-eight years later, Bartolomeu Dias proved that Africa could", "title": "Prince Henry the Navigator" }, { "id": "3204275", "score": "1.6536163", "text": "II in moving the line west of Tordesillas in 1494—so his landing in Brazil may not have been an accident; although John's motivation may have simply been to increase the chance of claiming new lands in the Atlantic. From the east coast, the fleet then turned eastward to resume the journey to the southern tip of Africa and India. Cabral was the first captain to touch four continents, leading the first expedition that connected and united Europe, Africa, the New World, and Asia. At the invitation of King Manuel I of Portugal, Amerigo Vespucci—a Florentine who had been working for", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": "290189", "score": "1.6533527", "text": "by sailing around Africa, opening up direct trade with Asia. Soon, the Portuguese sailed further eastward, to the Spice Islands in 1512, landing in China one year later. The first circumnavigation of the earth was completed in 1522 with the Magellan-Elcano expedition, a Spanish voyage of discovery led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and completed by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano after the former's death in the Philippines in 1521. The fleet of seven ships sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Southern Spain in 1519, crossed the Atlantic Ocean and after several stopovers rounded the southern tip of South America.", "title": "Navigation" }, { "id": "3204250", "score": "1.6461844", "text": "Gonçalves Zarco. At the time, Europeans did not know what lay beyond Cape Non (Cape Chaunar) on the African coast, and whether it was possible to return once it was crossed. Nautical myths warned of oceanic monsters or an edge of the world, but Prince Henry's navigation challenged such beliefs: starting in 1421, systematic sailing overcame it, reaching the difficult Cape Bojador that in 1434 one of Prince Henry's captains, Gil Eanes, finally passed. A major advance was the introduction of the caravel in the mid-15th century, a small ship able to sail windward more than any other in Europe", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": "3253804", "score": "1.6400433", "text": "Juan Díaz de Solís Juan Díaz de Solís (1470 – 20 January 1516) was a 16th-century navigator and explorer. He is also said to be the first European to land on what is now modern day Uruguay. His origins are disputed. One document records him as a Portuguese in the service of Castile (\"Spain\"), having possibly been born in Lisbon or São Pedro de Solis. Others claim that his birth took place in Lebrija, in what is now the province of Seville, Spain, where documentation testifies that he lived when he was in Castile, as \"vecino\" (\"neighbor\"), meaning living there.", "title": "Juan Díaz de Solís" }, { "id": "3204246", "score": "1.6382966", "text": "known point, followed a compass heading, and tried to identify their location by its landmarks. For the first oceanic exploration Western Europeans used the compass, as well as progressive new advances in cartography and astronomy. Arab navigational tools like the astrolabe and quadrant were used for celestial navigation. In 1297, with the Portuguese part of the reconquista completed, King Dinis of Portugal took personal interest in exports and in 1317 he made an agreement with Genoese merchant sailor Manuel Pessanha (Pesagno), appointing him first admiral of the Portuguese navy, with the goal of defending the country against Muslim pirate raids.", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": "182078", "score": "1.635774", "text": "Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the desert coast of Africa. Superstitious seafarers held that beyond the cape lay sea monsters and the edge of the world. In 1434, Gil Eanes, the commander of one of Henry's expeditions, became the first European known to pass Cape Bojador. Using the new ship type, the expeditions then pushed onwards. Nuno Tristão and Antão Gonçalves reached Cape Blanco in 1441. The Portuguese sighted the Bay of Arguin in 1443 and built an important fort there around the year 1448. Dinis Dias soon came across the Senegal River and", "title": "Prince Henry the Navigator" }, { "id": "12323925", "score": "1.6354778", "text": "on an island in the Caribbean Sea and a few years later, the Venetian navigator John Cabot reached Newfoundland. The Italian Amerigo Vespucci, after whom America was named, explored the South American coastline in voyages made between 1497 and 1502, discovering the mouth of the Amazon River. In 1519 the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As for the history of navigational instrument, a compass was first used by the ancient Greeks and Chinese to show where north lies and the direction in which the ship is heading. The latitude (an angle which", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "3204256", "score": "1.6314237", "text": "followed by the official recognition by the Catholic Monarchs of Portuguese sovereignty over most of the disputed West African territories embodied in the Treaty of Alcáçovas, 1479. (See entry on Elmina.) This was the first colonial war among European powers. In 1481 the recently crowned João II decided to build São Jorge da Mina factory. In 1482 the Congo River was explored by Diogo Cão, who in 1486 continued to Cape Cross (modern Namibia). The next crucial breakthrough was in 1488, when Bartolomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa, which he named \"Cape of Storms\" (Cabo das Tormentas), anchoring", "title": "Age of Discovery" } ]

[ "texas usa", "texas united states", "Texas (State)", "State of Texas", "texas state", "Texas (U.S. State)", "Texass", "Lake Ozark, Texas", "lone star state", "Texos", "texas", "Twenty-eighth State", "Texas (U.S. state)", "Everything is bigger in Texas", "texos", "texass", "28th State", "christianity in texas", "everything is bigger in texas", "state of texas", "texas u s state", "religion in texas", "US-TX", "Christianity in Texas", "The State of Texas", "Twenty-Eighth State", "Lone Star State", "texas sized", "us tx", "Texas-sized", "Texas", "Texas, United States", "28th state", "Texas, USA", "The Lone Star State", "lake ozark texas", "Texas (state)", "twenty eighth state", "Religion in Texas" ]

[ { "id": "12261433", "score": "1.595367", "text": "more artillery batteries around the Alamo. The two batteries combined to hold two 8-lb cannon, two 6-lb cannon, two 4-lb cannon, and two 7-in howitzers. One of the batteries was located along the right bank of the San Antonio River, approximately from the south wall of the Alamo. The other was located east of the eastern wall. By the end of the first full day of siege the Mexican army had been reinforced by 600 of Sesma's troops. Antonio Gaona and the First Brigade were still several days march away, while an additional 400–500 men and most of the Mexican", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261412", "score": "1.5827312", "text": "Antonio, Texas, US), Texian soldiers established a garrison at the Alamo Mission, a former Spanish religious outpost which had been converted to a makeshift fort. Described by Santa Anna as an \"irregular fortification hardly worthy of the name\", the Alamo had been designed to withstand an attack by native tribes, not an artillery-equipped army. The complex sprawled across , providing almost of perimeter to defend. An interior plaza was bordered on the east by the chapel and to the south by a one-story building known as the Low Barracks. A wooden palisade stretched between these two buildings. The two-story Long", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261410", "score": "1.581548", "text": "Siege of the Alamo The Siege of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) describes the first thirteen days of the Battle of the Alamo. On February 23, Mexican troops under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna entered San Antonio de Bexar, Texas and surrounded the Alamo Mission. The Alamo was defended by a small force of Texans and Tejanos, led by William Barrett Travis and James Bowie, and included Davy Crockett. Before beginning his assault on the Alamo, Santa Anna offered them one last chance to surrender. Travis replied by opening fire on the Mexican forces and, in", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261413", "score": "1.5743276", "text": "Barracks extended north from the chapel. At the northern corner of the east wall stood a cattle pen and horse corral. The walls surrounding the complex were at least thick and ranged from high. On February 11, the commander of the Alamo, Colonel James C. Neill, left the Alamo, likely to recruit additional reinforcements and gather supplies. In his absence, the garrison was jointly commanded by newcomers William B. Travis—a regular army officer— and James Bowie, who had commanded a volunteer company. As the Texians struggled to find men and supplies, Santa Anna's army began marching north. On February 12", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "16617102", "score": "1.536274", "text": "Antonio López de Santa Anna, began the siege of the Alamo. Most of the soldiers involved in the siege had been recruited against their will. Nonetheless, The Alamo fell two weeks later on March 6, resulting in the deaths of all but two of the Texans defending the mission. On 21 April, the Battle of San Jacinto (also known as \"La Siesta del San Jacinto\") took place, where the Mexican army was attacked while sleeping and was totally defeated. Santa Anna was captured days after the battle and signed under duress the Treaties of Velasco, which recognized the independence of", "title": "Centralist Republic of Mexico" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Siege of the Alamo\n\nThe siege of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was the first thirteen days of the Battle of the Alamo. On February 23, Mexican troops under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna entered San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, and surrounded the Alamo Mission. The Alamo was defended by a small force of Texians and Tejanos, led by William Barrett Travis and James Bowie, and included Davy Crockett. Before beginning his assault on the Alamo, Santa Anna offered them one last chance to surrender. Travis replied by opening fire on the Mexican forces and, in doing so, effectively sealed their fate. The siege ended when the Mexican Army launched an early-morning assault on March 6. Almost all of the defenders were killed, although several civilians survived.", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Battle of the Alamo" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Texian survivors of the Battle of the Alamo" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Alamo (1960 film)\n\nThe Alamo is a 1960 American epic historical war film about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo produced and directed by John Wayne and starring Wayne as Davy Crockett. The film also co-stars Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie and Laurence Harvey as William B. Travis, and features Frankie Avalon, Patrick Wayne, Linda Cristal, Joan O'Brien, Chill Wills, Joseph Calleia, Ken Curtis, Ruben Padilla as Santa Anna, and Richard Boone as Sam Houston. Shot in 70 mm Todd-AO by William H. Clothier, it was released by United Artists.", "title": "The Alamo (1960 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Alamo defenders" }, { "id": "1277616", "score": "1.5234699", "text": "Jameson supervised the digging of a well at the south end of the plaza. Although the men hit water, they weakened an earth and timber parapet near the barracks, collapsing it and leaving no way to fire safely over that wall. The siege ended in a fierce battle on March 6. As the Mexican army overran the walls, most of the Texians fell back to the long barracks (convent) and the chapel. During the siege, Texians had carved holes in many of the walls of these rooms so that they would be able to fire. Each room had only one", "title": "Alamo Mission in San Antonio" }, { "id": "2743914", "score": "1.5234679", "text": "throughout the United States and much of Europe. At the end of the first day of the siege, Santa Anna's troops were reinforced by 600 men under General Joaquin Ramirez y Sesma, bringing the Mexican army up to more than 2,000 men. As news of the siege spread throughout Texas, potential reinforcements gathered in Gonzales. They hoped to rendezvous with Colonel James Fannin, who was expected to arrive from Goliad with his garrison. On February 26, after days of indecision, Fannin ordered 320 men, four cannons, and several supply wagons to march towards the Alamo, away. This group traveled less", "title": "Battle of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261411", "score": "1.52021", "text": "doing so, effectively sealed their fate. The siege ended when the Mexican Army launched an early-morning assault on March 6. Almost all of the defenders were killed, although several civilians survived. In 1835, as the Mexican government began to shift away from a federalist model, violence erupted in several Mexican states, including the border region Mexican Texas. By the end of the year, Texian forces had expelled all Mexican soldiers from the area. In Mexico City, President Antonio López de Santa Anna had begun gathering an army to retake Texas. When Mexican troops departed San Antonio de Béxar (now San", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261421", "score": "1.5200112", "text": "the hospital. The men were completely unprepared for the arrival of the Mexican army, and had no food in the mission. The men quickly herded cattle in the Alamo and scrounged for food in nearby houses. They were able to gather enough beef and corn into the Alamo to last a month. The Alamo garrison also had a large supply of captured Mexican muskets, with over 19,000 paper cartridges, but only a limited supply of powder for the artillery. Several members of the garrison dismantled the blacksmith shop of Antonio Saez and moved much of the material into the Alamo.", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "7864879", "score": "1.513451", "text": "the Alamo lay under siege. Santa Anna planned an early morning assault for March 6. At 8:10 pm on March 5 the Mexican artillery ceased their bombardment. As Santa Anna had planned, the exhausted Texans soon fell into the first uninterrupted sleep many had had since the siege began. At 5:30 am Santa Anna gave the order to advance. As the Mexican soldiers began to yell and their buglers sounded, the Texan defenders awakened and rushed to their posts. Susanna, Angelina, and most other noncombatants gathered in the chapel sacristy for safety. She later mentioned that Davy Crockett stopped briefly", "title": "Susanna Dickinson" }, { "id": "12261457", "score": "1.5128798", "text": "had departed Goliad for the Alamo. Believing that the Alamo would be adequately reinforced, the delegates took no further action. During this time period, the Mexican army continued to venture nearer the Alamo. By February 29, the Allende Infantry Battalion was stationed on the east side of the complex, while the Jiménez Battalion guarded the left, along the road to Gonzales. Texian sharpshooters remained on alert, and on the evening of February 29 killed Private First Class Secundino Alvarez, who had been ordered to ride near the Alamo to reconnoiter the defenses. On the afternoon of March 2, Santa Anna", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "15699333", "score": "1.511641", "text": "Antonio against all opposition. The defenders of the Alamo thus included both Anglo and Hispanic Texans who fought side by side under a banner that was the flag of Mexico with the numerals \"1824\" superimposed. This was meant to indicate that the defenders were fighting for their rights to democratic government under the Mexican constitution of that year. It was only during the siege that the Texas Congress declared an independent Republic of Texas. The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. At first the battle was primarily a siege marked by artillery duels", "title": "Alamo Cenotaph" }, { "id": "12261474", "score": "1.5097733", "text": "the cold, damp grass. Although the original orders gave the battle starting time as 4 am, the soldiers were not completely in place until about 5 am. Some were stationed within of the Alamo. At 5:30 am, Santa Anna gave the order for the advance, and his excited troops began shouting \"Viva Santa Anna, Viva la republica!\" The shouting woke the Texians, but by the time they reached their posts the Mexican soldiers were already within musket range. Siege of the Alamo The Siege of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) describes the first thirteen days of the", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261417", "score": "1.5080333", "text": "was brief, and on February 19 the vanguard of the army camped along the Frio River, from Bexar. The following day they reached Hondo, less than away. By 1:45 pm on February 21 Santa Anna and his vanguard had reached the banks of the Medina River, from Bexar. Waiting there were dragoons under Colonel Ramirez y Sesma, who had arrived the previous evening. With no idea that the Mexican army was so close, all but 10 members of the Alamo garrison joined about 2000 Bexar residents at a fiesta to celebrate George Washington's birthday. Centralists in Bexar soon alerted Santa", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "4361112", "score": "1.5048554", "text": "fort. The siege begins. Jim Bowie goes to Santa Anna under the peace flag, so Travis, angered by Jim Bowie, shoots a cannon at the armies, saying he will negotiate peace from a position of power only. In a nighttime raid, the Texans sabotage the Mexicans' biggest cannon. The Texans maintain high hopes as they are told a strong force led by Colonel James Fannin is on its way to break the siege. Crockett, however, sensing an imminent attack, sends one of his younger men, Smitty, to ask Houston for help. Crockett knows this will perhaps save Smitty's life. The", "title": "The Alamo (1960 film)" }, { "id": "12261439", "score": "1.5038769", "text": "Alamo to burn down more of the huts; all were able to return to the Alamo without injury. Despite their efforts, several huts remained standing, and overnight the Mexican army was able to erect a battery only from the Alamo. An additional battery was erected at a location known as old Powderhouse, to the southeast of the Alamo. The Mexican army now had artillery stationed on three sides of the Alamo. Historian Walter Lord said that in the evening several Mexicans left the Alamo and asked to surrender to Santa Anna; they were told that Santa Anna had retired for", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261428", "score": "1.5038539", "text": "helped the family climb through the window of the chapel. Several other Texian soldiers were unable to make it into the Alamo. Dimitt and Noble, who had been scouting for signs of the Mexican army, were told by a local that Bexar was surrounded, and they would be unable to re-enter the town. Andrew Jackson Sowell and Byrd Lockhart had been out that morning looking for provisions; on hearing that the Alamo was surrounded they left for their homes in Gonzales. Wednesday February 24 marked the first full day of siege. Throughout the day, the Mexican army reconnoitered the Alamo", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261473", "score": "1.5037293", "text": "the incident, but many details conflicted. At 10 pm, the Mexican artillery ceased their bombardment. As Santa Anna had planned, the exhausted Texians soon fell into a deep sleep, the first uninterrupted sleep many had gotten since the siege began. Three Texians were sent to act as sentries outside the walls. At midnight, Mexican soldiers began silently moving towards their places to await the start of battle. The Texian sentries were surprised and killed quickly before they could raise an alarm. Despite the orders to forgo overcoats, cloaks, and blankets, the men were instructed to lay on their stomachs on", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261418", "score": "1.5032408", "text": "Anna to the party, and he ordered General Ramirez y Sesma to lead a cavalry force to take the Alamo while the garrison celebrated elsewhere. The raid had to be called off when sudden rains made the Medina unfordable. The next night, Santa Anna and his army camped at Leon Creek, west of what is now Downtown San Antonio. In the early hours of February 23, residents began fleeing Béxar, fearing the Mexican army's imminent arrival. Although unconvinced by the reports, Travis stationed a soldier in the San Fernando church bell tower—the highest location in town—to watch for signs of", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" }, { "id": "12261465", "score": "1.5006373", "text": "was driven across the prairie by Mexican soldiers. Lindley based his assumptions on two newspaper reports published within a month of the Alamo's fall that stated that 50 men had reinforced the Alamo a few days before the final assault. The Mexican bombardment recommenced early on March 4. That afternoon, Santa Anna called a council of war with his senior officers. He proposed an imminent attack on the fort. Many of his officers disagreed, recommending instead that they wait for the arrival of the heavy artillery. Two 12-lb cannons, with the capability to quickly destroy the Alamo walls, were due", "title": "Siege of the Alamo" } ]

[ "Charlotta", "charles name", "charles", "chas", "Charles", "Charles (given name)", "Charles (European rulers)", "Chas.", "charles given name", "Charles (name)", "charles european rulers", "charlotta" ]

[ { "id": "2949810", "score": "1.8315773", "text": "Michel Debré Michel Jean-Pierre Debré (; 15 January 1912 – 2 August 1996) was the first Prime Minister of the French Fifth Republic. He is considered the \"father\" of the current Constitution of France. He served under President Charles de Gaulle from 1959 to 1962. In terms of political personality, he was intense and immovable, with a tendency to rhetorical extremism. Debré was born in Paris, the son of Robert Debré, the well-known Jewish professor of medicine, who is today considered by many to be the founder of modern pediatrics. His grandfather was a rabbi. Michel Debré himself was a", "title": "Michel Debré" }, { "id": "8866578", "score": "1.7880156", "text": "was elected President of France by an electoral college. His Justice Minister Michel Debré became Prime Minister. The pro-Fifth Republic center-left parties (SFIO and Radical Party) left the presidential majority. This established the first gaullist centre-right government. 1958 French legislative election The French legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 November 1958 to elect the first National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic. Since 1954, the French Fourth Republic had been mired in the Algerian War. In May 1958, Pierre Pflimlin, a Christian-Democrat, became Prime Minister. He was known to be in favour of a negotiated settlement with the", "title": "1958 French legislative election" }, { "id": "617266", "score": "1.7592969", "text": "Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement when appointed President of the Council of Ministers by President René Coty. He was asked to rewrite the Constitution of France and founded the Fifth Republic after approval by referendum. He was elected President of France later", "title": "Charles de Gaulle" }, { "id": "2435737", "score": "1.7454491", "text": "of the Constitutional Council from 1959 until his death in 1962. A photo of President Coty is a running joke in the 2006 French spy spoof \"\". René Coty Jules Gustave René Coty (; 20 March 188222 November 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic. René Coty was born in Le Havre and studied at the University of Caen, where he graduated in 1902, receiving degrees in law and philosophy. He worked as a lawyer in his hometown of Le Havre, specialising in maritime and commercial", "title": "René Coty" }, { "id": "5024886", "score": "1.7434653", "text": "Philippe de Gaulle Philippe de Gaulle (born 28 December 1921) is a retired French admiral and senator. He is the eldest child and only son of General Charles de Gaulle, the first President of the French Fifth Republic, and his wife Yvonne; and is the only one of de Gaulle's three children still living as of December 2018. De Gaulle was born in Paris on 28 December 1921, and was baptised on 8 June of the following year in the Church of St. Francis Xavier in the 7th Arrondissement. He was educated at the Collège Stanislas de Paris, where his", "title": "Philippe de Gaulle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "French Fifth Republic\n\nThe Fifth Republic () is France's current republican system of government. It was established on 4 October 1958 by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system that split powers between a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. De Gaulle, who was the first French president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying (\"the spirit of the nation\").\n\nThe Fifth Republic is France's third-longest-lasting political regime, after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the Ancien Régime (Late Middle Ages – 1792) and the parliamentary Third Republic (1870–1940). The Fifth Republic will overtake the Third Republic as the second-longest-lasting regime and the longest-lasting French republic on 11 August 2028 if it remains in place.", "title": "French Fifth Republic" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Charles de Gaulle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of presidents of France\n\nThe president of France is the head of state of France. The first officeholder is considered to be Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who was elected in 1848 and provoked the 1851 self-coup to later proclaim himself emperor as Napoleon III. His coup, which proved popular as he sought the restoration of universal male suffrage previously abolished by the legislature, granted the newly established Second Empire firm ground.\n\nA republican regime was given way again in 1870 through the Third Republic, after the fall of Napoleon III. A 1962 referendum held under the Fifth Republic at the request of President Charles de Gaulle transferred the election of the president of France from an electoral college to a popular vote. Since then, ten presidential elections have taken place. The 25th and current officeholder has been Emmanuel Macron since 14 May 2017.", "title": "List of presidents of France" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of prime ministers of France\n\nThe head of the government of France has been called the prime minister of France (French: \"Premier ministre\") since 1959, when Michel Debré became the first officeholder appointed under the Fifth Republic. During earlier periods of history, the head of government of France was known by different titles. As was common in European democracies of the 1815–1958 period (the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy, the Second, Third, and Fourth Republic, as well as the Vichy regime), the head of government was called President of the Council of Ministers (), generally shortened to President of the council (). This should not be confused with the elected office of president of the French Republic, who appoints the prime minister as head of state.", "title": "List of prime ministers of France" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1960s in France\n\nFrance emerged from World War II in the 1960s, rebuilding the country physically and the nation's national identity through the French Fifth Republic. Under the leadership of President Charles de Gaulle (1959–1969), France regained its great power status.", "title": "1960s in France" }, { "id": "2753479", "score": "1.7382934", "text": "positions; he served as President of the European Parliament from 1966 to 1969. According to the order of succession established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, the president of the French senate assumes the nation's presidential powers and duties following the president's death or resignation, and becomes interim Head of State until the next election. Poher's first service as interim president came on 29 April 1969, when Charles de Gaulle resigned. Previously he was one of de Gaulle's most notable political opponents and played a key role in the successful \"no\" campaign in de Gaulle's final referendum. During his", "title": "Alain Poher" }, { "id": "8225204", "score": "1.7370872", "text": "1967 French legislative election French legislative elections took place on 5 and 12 March 1967 to elect the third National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. In December 1965, Charles de Gaulle was re-elected President of France in the first Presidential election by universal suffrage. However, contrary to predictions, there had been a second ballot. This election marked a process of rebuilding by the opposition. François Mitterrand's unexpected result, as De Gaulle's challenger in the second round of the presidential election, allowed him to establish himself as the leader of the non-Communist Left. He led the Federation of the Democratic and", "title": "1967 French legislative election" }, { "id": "6528981", "score": "1.7301357", "text": "allies of the Gaullists. 1965 French presidential election The 1965 French presidential election, held on 5 December and 19 December, was the first direct presidential election in the Fifth Republic and the first since the Second Republic in 1848. It had been widely expected that incumbent president Charles de Gaulle would be re-elected, but the election was notable for the unexpectedly strong performance of his left-wing challenger François Mitterrand. This was the second presidential election since the beginning of the Fifth Republic. Under the first draft of the 1958 constitution, the president was elected by an electoral college, in order", "title": "1965 French presidential election" }, { "id": "2949816", "score": "1.7288597", "text": "on 1 June 1958. He played an important role in drafting the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, and on its acceptance he took up the new position of Prime Minister of France, which he held from 8 January 1959 to 1962. After the 1962 Évian Accords referendum that ended the Algerian War and gave auto-determination to Algeria was approved by a nearly ten-to-one margin, de Gaulle replaced him with Georges Pompidou. In November, during the parliamentary elections that followed the dissolution of the National Assembly, he tried to be elected Député for Indre-et-Loire. Defeated, in March 1963 he decided to", "title": "Michel Debré" }, { "id": "493082", "score": "1.7234695", "text": "François Mitterrand François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office in French history. As First Secretary of the Socialist Party, he was the first left-winger to be elected President of France under the Fifth Republic. Reflecting family influences, Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy Regime during its earlier years. Subsequently he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office several times under the Fourth Republic. He", "title": "François Mitterrand" }, { "id": "10490590", "score": "1.717315", "text": "new constitution and the creation of the Fifth Republic. The colonies (Algeria was officially three departments of France, not a colony) were given the choice between immediate independence and the new constitution. All colonies voted for the new constitution and the replacement of the French Union by the French Community, except Guinea, which thus became the first French African colony to gain independence, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance. De Gaulle was elected President of the French Republic and of the African and Malagasy Community on 21 December 1958 by indirect suffrage. He was invested", "title": "May 1958 crisis in France" }, { "id": "2435736", "score": "1.7164166", "text": "1958, on 29 May of that year, President Coty appealed to Charles de Gaulle, the \"most illustrious of Frenchmen\" to become the last Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic. Coty had threatened to resign if de Gaulle's appointment was not approved by the National Assembly. De Gaulle drafted a new constitution, and on 28 September, a referendum took place in which 79.2% of those who voted supported the proposals, which led to the Fifth Republic. De Gaulle was elected as President of the new Republic by parliament in December, and succeeded Coty on 9 January 1959. Coty was a member", "title": "René Coty" }, { "id": "1829699", "score": "1.7158313", "text": "of the election on 9 January 1959. The new president began his office on that date, appointing Michel Debré as Prime Minister. The 1958 constitution also replaced the French Union with the French Community, which allowed fourteen member territories (these did not include Algeria) to assert their independence. 1960 became known as the \"Year of Africa\" because of this wave of newly independent states. Algeria became independent on 5 July 1962. The president was initially elected by an electoral college, but in 1962 de Gaulle proposed that the president be directly elected by the citizens, and held a referendum on", "title": "French Fifth Republic" }, { "id": "2656555", "score": "1.7093296", "text": "Charles de Gaulle (born 1948) Charles de Gaulle (born 25 September 1948 in Dijon) is a French politician. He is the eldest child of Admiral Philippe de Gaulle and grandson of General Charles de Gaulle, and served as a member of the European Parliament (MEP), from 1994 to 2004 (as a member of the Movement for France). A lawyer in Paris since 1971, Charles de Gaulle was a regional counselor of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais from 1986 to 1992, as a member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) right-of-center party. From 1989 to 1990, he was the mayor's first assistant in", "title": "Charles de Gaulle (born 1948)" }, { "id": "6528975", "score": "1.7063619", "text": "1965 French presidential election The 1965 French presidential election, held on 5 December and 19 December, was the first direct presidential election in the Fifth Republic and the first since the Second Republic in 1848. It had been widely expected that incumbent president Charles de Gaulle would be re-elected, but the election was notable for the unexpectedly strong performance of his left-wing challenger François Mitterrand. This was the second presidential election since the beginning of the Fifth Republic. Under the first draft of the 1958 constitution, the president was elected by an electoral college, in order to appease concerns about", "title": "1965 French presidential election" }, { "id": "10383011", "score": "1.7030939", "text": "the Fifth Republic, the president was elected by an electoral college, in a manner similar to the senators: electors were the members of Parliament, members of the departmental assemblies, and representatives of cities, towns and villages (such as mayors). Charles de Gaulle was elected in this manner in the 1958 presidential election. The presidential office in the Third and Fourth republic was largely ceremonial, with most executive power vested in the \"president of the Council of ministers\" (short: \"president of the Council\" or \"président du conseil\"), a more powerful analogue to the present-day Prime minister. Charles de Gaulle, who largely", "title": "1962 French presidential election referendum" }, { "id": "617454", "score": "1.7023913", "text": "de Gaulle became Prime Minister and was given emergency powers for six months by the National Assembly, fulfilling his desire for parliamentary legitimacy. On 28 September 1958, a referendum took place and 79.2 percent of those who voted supported the new constitution and the creation of the Fifth Republic. The colonies (Algeria was officially a part of France, not a colony) were given the choice between immediate independence and the new constitution. All African colonies voted for the new constitution and the replacement of the French Union by the French Community, except Guinea, which thus became the first French African", "title": "Charles de Gaulle" }, { "id": "1829697", "score": "1.6958036", "text": "President, under the proposed constitution, would have executive powers to run the country in consultation with a prime minister whom he would appoint. On 1 June 1958, Charles de Gaulle was appointed head of the government; on 3 June 1958, a constitutional law empowered the new government to draft a new constitution of France, and another law granted Charles de Gaulle and his cabinet the power to rule by decree for up to six months, except on certain matters related to the basic rights of citizens (criminal law, etc.). These plans were approved by more than 80% of those who", "title": "French Fifth Republic" }, { "id": "617270", "score": "1.694195", "text": "power during the May 1958 crisis. He founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency, and he was elected to continue in that role. He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war, much to the anger of the \"Pieds-Noirs\" (ethnic French born in Algeria) and the military; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule. He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies. In the context of the Cold War, De Gaulle initiated his \"politics of grandeur\" asserting that France as a major power should not rely on", "title": "Charles de Gaulle" }, { "id": "1829693", "score": "1.6940862", "text": "French Fifth Republic The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential, or dual-executive, system that split powers between a Prime Minister as head of government and a President as head of state. De Gaulle, who was the first French President elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying (\"the spirit of", "title": "French Fifth Republic" } ]

[ "australocentrist", "pax australiana", "iso 3166 1 au", "australian s", "australian", "ostralia", "austraila", "Imperial Australia", "australia commonwealth", "straya", "austrlaia", "Australia (nation state)", "Australian Commonwealth", "Technology in Australia", "Australian geopolitics", "orstraya", "Australia (federation)", "technology in australia", "philosophy in australia", "science in australia", "australia federation", "Australia (state)", "australia constitutional monarchy", "Federal Australia", "australia nation", "ISO 3166-1:AU", "Austalia", "Etymology of Australia", "australian country life", "Australian city life", "Empire of Australia", "Australocentrist", "Science in Australia", "mainland australia", "Austraila", "empire of australia", "Austrlaia", "australia monarchy", "Geopolitics of Australia", "Commonwealth of Australia", "Peace of Australia", "Ausrtalia", "modern australia", "Mainland Australia", "Asutralia", "aussieland", "continental australia", "peace of australia", "australian commonwealth", "austrailia", "The Commonwealth of Australia", "federal australia", "australia state", "geopolitics of australia", "Australia (Commonwealth)", "New Australian", "austalia", "australias", "Australia's", "Australia.", "Ostralia", "Austraya", "Australia (empire)", "AustraliA", "dominion of australia", "country life in australia", "australian woman s day", "australia commonwealth realm", "Aussieland", "Philosophy in Australia", "AUSTRALIA", "Modern Australia", "australia", "australian geopolitics", "australia dominion", "australia country", "Australia (commonwealth realm)", "Dominion of Australia", "Australlia", "commonwealth australia", "commonwealth of australia", "Australo", "Australia (nation-state)", "ausrtalia", "Orstraya", "Australija", "austrlia", "Austrlia", "australie", "asutralia", "new australian", "Straya", "Commonwealth of australia", "united states of australia", "australian city life", "Australiia", "australia s", "australo", "Country life in Australia", "Australia (dominion)", "United States of Australia", "Austrailia", "australia realm", "Australian country life", "imperial australia", "australiia", "etymology of australia", "australia nation state", "australien", "city life in australia", "Australocentric", "Australia (country)", "Australai", "australai", "Australie", "Australian's", "australlia", "Australian Woman's Day", "Australia", "austraya", "Australien", "City life in Australia", "Australia (Commonwealth realm)", "australija", "Pax Australiana", "AUSTRALIAN", "Australian mainland", "Australia (constitutional monarchy)", "Australocentrism", "australian mainland", "australocentric", "Australia (nation)", "australia empire", "Australia (commonwealth)", "Australo-", "Australia (realm)", "Commonwealth Australia", "Continental Australia", "australocentrism", "Australias", "Australia (monarchy)" ]

[ { "id": "630121", "score": "1.7742758", "text": "Canberra Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 410,301, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a Canberran. Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General and the Prime Minister. The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "630124", "score": "1.7151507", "text": "National Capital Authority. As the seat of the government of Australia, Canberra is the site of Parliament House, the official residence of the Monarch's representative the Governor-General, the High Court and numerous government departments and agencies. It is also the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance, such as the Australian War Memorial, Australian National University, Royal Australian Mint, Australian Institute of Sport, National Gallery, National Museum and the National Library. The Australian Army's officer corps is trained at the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy is also located in the capital. The", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "630202", "score": "1.6966", "text": "has the highest rate with internet access at home (94 per cent of households in 2014–15). Canberra is twinned with: Canberra Canberra (, ) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 410,301, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a Canberran. Although Canberra is the capital and seat of government, many federal government ministries have secondary seats in state capital cities, as do the Governor-General", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "5284072", "score": "1.6631298", "text": "established open gardens, and the landmarks of Canberra. The majors cities and towns are: Some permanent attractions and events in Capital Country are: Capital Country Capital Country was the name of one of the sixteen tourism regions of New South Wales, Australia. This geographical division is made for improving commerce, specifically tourism, in the state. The Capital area is one of the oldest settled areas of NSW and is touted for its convenience; it is the area enveloping Canberra, the nation’s capital, and is close to Sydney. It encompasses the Southern Highlands and the Southern Tablelands. The towns and villages", "title": "Capital Country" }, { "id": "1599150", "score": "1.6535311", "text": "Melbourne and Sydney. Canberra is thus located in a Territory – the Australian Capital Territory – and not a State. Prior to this time the land that Canberra is found on was farming land, indigenous settlements, and forest. In 1912, after an extensive planning competition was completed, the vision of American Walter Burley Griffin was chosen as the winning design for the city. Extensive construction and public works were required to complete the city, this involved the flooding of a large parcel of land to form the center piece of the city, Lake Burley Griffin. Unlike some other Australian cities,", "title": "Planned community" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Australian Capital Territory - Canberra" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Capital city\n\nA capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, different branches of government are in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place. \n\nEnglish-language news media often use the name of the capital city as an alternative name for the government of the country of which it is the capital, as a form of metonymy. For example, \"relations between Washington and London\" refer to \"relations between the United States and the United Kingdom\".", "title": "Capital city" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Capital Country\n\nCapital Country was the name of one of the sixteen tourism regions of New South Wales, Australia. This geographical division is made for improving commerce, specifically tourism, in the state.\n\nThe Capital area is one of the oldest settled areas of NSW and is touted for its convenience; it is the area enveloping Canberra, the nation's capital, and is close to Sydney. It encompasses the Southern Highlands and the Southern Tablelands. The towns and villages in Capital Country range from sophisticated to quaint; their surrounding areas are mostly rural. Capital country is known for historical venues, antiques and established open gardens, and the landmarks of Canberra.\n\nThe major cities and towns are:\n\n\nSome permanent attractions and events in Capital Country are:\n\n", "title": "Capital Country" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Parliament House, Canberra\n\nParliament House, also referred to as Capital Hill or simply Parliament, is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia, and the seat of the legislative branch of the Australian Government. Located in Canberra, the Parliament building is situated on the southern apex of the Parliamentary Triangle atop Capital Hill, at the meeting point of Commonwealth, Adelaide, Canberra and Kings Avenue enclosed by the State Circle.\n\nParliament House was designed by Mitchell/Giurgola & Thorp Architects and built by a Concrete Constructions and John Holland joint venture. It was opened on 1988 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. It cost more than A$1.1 billion (equivalent to about $ billion in ) to build.\n\nFederal Parliament meetings were held in Melbourne until 1927. Between 1927 and 1988, the Parliament of Australia met in the Provisional Parliament House, which is now known as \"Old Parliament House\". The construction of Australia's permanent Parliament House was delayed while its location was debated. Construction of the new building began in 1981. The principal design of the structure is based on the shape of two boomerangs and is topped by an flagpole. The flag above Parliament House is one of the biggest in Australia, measuring by .<ref name=\"PEO\" />\n\nParliament House contains 4,700 rooms, and many areas are open to the public. The main foyer contains a marble staircase and leads to the Great Hall, which has a large tapestry on display. The House of Representatives chamber is decorated green, while the Senate chamber has a red colour scheme. Between the two chambers is the Members' Hall, which has a water feature and is not open to the public. The Ministerial Wing houses the Prime Minister's Office and other ministerial offices.", "title": "Parliament House, Canberra" }, { "id": "630122", "score": "1.6453149", "text": "a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D.C. in the United States, or Brasília in Brazil. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory. The city's design was influenced by the garden", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "1530558", "score": "1.6368771", "text": "of Australia are Adelaide; Brisbane; Hobart; Melbourne; Perth; and Sydney. In Australia, the term \"capital cities\" is regularly used to refer to the aforementioned state capitals plus the federal capital Canberra and Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory. Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates overall. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the United Kingdom or the Kingdom of Denmark, each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in federations, there is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city", "title": "Capital city" }, { "id": "15332769", "score": "1.6270096", "text": "serve as the seat of government on a temporary basis, while the permanent capital of the new Commonwealth must be located within the area of New South Wales but at least 100 miles from Sydney. This city became Canberra. Melbourne operated as the \"de facto\" capital city from 1901 until 1927, when Canberra's historic Parliament House was opened, remaining in use until it was replaced with the current Parliament House in 1988. Various Commonwealth governmental bodies continued to operate principally from Sydney or Melbourne after 1927. Most civil service departments were moved to Canberra in the 1950s, and the High", "title": "Australian regional rivalries" }, { "id": "19737", "score": "1.6169543", "text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory (ACT; known as the Federal Capital Territory until 1938) is Australia's federal district, located in the south-east of the country and enclaved within the state of New South Wales. It contains Canberra, the capital city of Australia. Geographically, the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east, the watershed of Naas Creek in the south, the watershed of the Cotter River in the west, and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east. These boundaries were set to give the ACT an adequate water supply. The Jervis Bay Territory,", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "2058630", "score": "1.6168623", "text": "the area that was named as Canberra in 1913 was chosen to be the site of the future capital city of Australia — and 910 square miles (2,358 square kilometres) of land excised from the state of New South Wales (NSW) to form the Australian Capital Territory — the Commonwealth Government compulsorily acquired Yarralumla Station, a large pastoral property dating from the 1830s. Yarralumla's existing brick house, which had begun life as a rural homestead and family home, was subsequently renovated, enlarged and transformed into a vice-regal residence. Due to the First World War and the adverse post-war economic conditions", "title": "Government House, Canberra" }, { "id": "6374948", "score": "1.6080201", "text": "the creation of new town centres: Woden opened in 1964, followed by Belconnen in 1966, Weston Creek in 1969 and Tuggeranong in 1973. The NCDC was disbanded in 1988, its planning authority transferred to the newly created ACT government and the new National Capital Authority, which was established to oversee Commonwealth interests in development of the national capital. Canberra has continued to grow with the further release of residential land in Gungahlin in the 1990s. A significant priority for the establishment of Canberra was the construction of water storage facilities. Cotter Dam was the first dam built on the Cotter", "title": "History of the Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "630132", "score": "1.5996884", "text": "national capital, a compromise was reached: the new capital would be built in New South Wales, so long as it was at least from Sydney, with Melbourne to be the temporary seat of government (but not referred to as the \"capital\") while the new capital was built. Newspaper proprietor John Gale circulated a pamphlet titled 'Dalgety or Canberra: Which?' advocating Canberra to every member of the Commonwealth's seven state and federal parliaments. By many accounts, it was decisive in the selection of Canberra as the site in 1908, as was a result of survey work done by the government surveyor", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "6374901", "score": "1.5882654", "text": "– provided that a new national capital should be built at a site determined by Federal Parliament. It had to be within the state of New South Wales, but at least away from Sydney. The \"Seat of Government Act 1908\" fixed Canberra as the site of the new capital, and the surrounding region was formally ceded to the federal government on 1 January 1911. It was originally known as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), adopting its current name in 1938. American architect Walter Burley Griffin won the competition to design the new city, and was appointed to oversee its construction.", "title": "History of the Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "630180", "score": "1.5848696", "text": "on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin. As Australia's capital, Canberra is the most important centre for much of Australia's political reportage and thus all the major media, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the commercial television networks, and the metropolitan newspapers maintain local bureaus. News organisations are represented in the \"press gallery\", a group of journalists who report on the national parliament. The National Press Club of Australia in Barton has regular television broadcasts of its lunches at which a prominent guest, typically a politician or other public figure, delivers a speech followed by a question-and-answer session. Canberra has a", "title": "Canberra" }, { "id": "2942696", "score": "1.582262", "text": "Eventually, a compromise was reached: Melbourne would be the capital on a temporary basis while a new capital was built somewhere between Sydney and Melbourne. As Victoria was relatively small in geographical area, Section 125 of the Constitution specified that the capital must be placed in a Commonwealth territory within New South Wales but at least 100 miles from Sydney. Various Commonwealth governmental bodies continued to operate principally from Sydney or Melbourne after 1927. Most civil service departments were moved to Canberra in the 1950s, and the High Court of Australia was finally moved from Melbourne to Canberra in 1980.", "title": "History of Canberra" }, { "id": "19750", "score": "1.5751185", "text": "than the national average. Within the ACT 4.5% of the population have a postgraduate degree compared to 1.8% across the whole of Australia. Canberra is a planned city originally designed by Walter Burley Griffin, a major 20th century American architect, in collaboration with his wife Marion Mahony Griffin. Major roads follow a wheel-and-spoke pattern rather than a grid. The city centre is laid out on two perpendicular axes: a water axis stretching along Lake Burley Griffin, and a ceremonial land axis stretching from Parliament House on Capital Hill north-eastward along Anzac Parade to the Australian War Memorial at the foot", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "19740", "score": "1.5689692", "text": "Wales in 1911, two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913. The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo. The ACT is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east, the watershed of Naas Creek in the south, the watershed of the Cotter River in the west, and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east. The ACT extends about North-South between 35-36S and West-East at around 149.6E, although the city area occupies the north-central part of this area. Apart from the", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "19738", "score": "1.567746", "text": "around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula, which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay, is also governed as if it were part of the ACT. The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra. A stable housing market, steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country. This trend continued into 2016, when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia's states and territories. There is", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" }, { "id": "2173540", "score": "1.5653638", "text": "and other ministers. In 1901, when the six British colonies in Australia federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne and Sydney were the two largest cities in the country, but the long history of rivalry between them meant that neither could become the national capital. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia therefore provided that: The seat of Government of the Commonwealth shall be determined by the Parliament, and shall be within territory which shall have been granted to or acquired by the Commonwealth, and shall be vested in and belong to the Commonwealth, and shall be in the", "title": "Parliament House, Canberra" }, { "id": "19756", "score": "1.5621588", "text": "Australian dams and reservoirs, the streets of Dunlop are named after Australian inventions, inventors and artists and the streets of Page are named after biologists and naturalists. Most diplomatic missions are located in the suburbs of Yarralumla, Deakin and O'Malley. There are three light industrial areas: the suburbs of Fyshwick, Mitchell and Hume. Almost all educational institutions in the Australian Capital Territory are located within Canberra. The ACT public education system schooling is normally split up into Pre-School, Primary School (K-6), High School (7–10) and College (11–12) followed by studies at university or CIT (Canberra Institute of Technology). Many private", "title": "Australian Capital Territory" } ]

[ "د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان", "Afeganistao", "AfghanistaN", "Da Afghanistan Islami Dawlat Dawlat-e Eslami-e Afghanestan", "Afghanistan, Rep. of.", "The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "Afghinastan", "Afghanstan", "Afganistan", "iso 3166 1 af", "Afghanistan-Central Asia", "afgahanistan", "afghanistan rep of", "kinetic action", "afghanistan i s of", "jomhūrī ye eslāmī ye afġānestān", "Afghnistan", "i r o", "afghanistan", "Avghanistaun", "avghanistaun", "da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat e eslami e afghanestan", "Afghanistan", "ISO 3166-1:AF", "iroa", "Afghanistan/Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia", "Afghanestan", "stan", "afghānistān", "Affghanistan", "afghanistan article from 1911 encyclopedia", "IROA", "AFGHANISTAN", "Kinetic action", "afganistan", "soviet occupied afghanistan", "Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān", "islamic republic of afghanistan", "Afğānistān", "Afghanistan (1911 Encyclopedia)", "Islamic Transitional Government of Afghanistan", "graveyard of empires", "Etymology of Afghanistan", "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "islamic transitional government of afghanistan", "afghansitan", "I.R.O.A.", "etymology of afghanistan", "afgjanistan", "افغانستان", "Soviet-occupied Afghanistan", "Afghanistan, I.S. of", "afghanastan", "afghanistan central asia", "Afghānistān", "Afgahanistan", "Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat", "Afgjanistan", "afghanistan 1911 encyclopedia", "afghanestan", "afghinastan", "Afghansitan", "da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat", "afghanstan", "dowlat e eslami ye afghanestan", "affghanistan", "afganhistan", "A-Stan", "The Graveyard of Empires", "afğānistān", "Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan", "afeganistao", "afghnistan", "Afghanastan", "Afganhistan" ]

[ { "id": "12752279", "score": "1.7882874", "text": "of 1839 to 1842: Ghuznee Medal The Ghuznee Medal is a British campaign medal awarded for participation in the storming of the fortress of Ghuznee in Afghanistan, on 21 to 23 July 1839 by troops of the British and Indian Armies. This action, the Battle of Ghazni, took place during the First Anglo-Afghan War. This was the second medal awarded to all ranks of the British Army for a specific campaign, the Waterloo Medal being the first. It was struck in 1839 on the orders of Shuja Shah Durrani, the Shah of Afghanistan, to show his appreciation to the British", "title": "Ghuznee Medal" }, { "id": "9282864", "score": "1.7652637", "text": "Battle of Ghazni The Battle of Ghazni (or Ghuznee) took place in the city of Ghazni in central Afghanistan on July 23, 1839 during the First Anglo-Afghan War. In the 1830s, the British were firmly entrenched in India but by 1837, feared a Russian invasion through the Khyber and Bolan Passes as the Russian Empire had expanded towards the British dominion. The British sent an envoy to Kabul to form an alliance with Afghanistan's emir, Dost Muhammad against Russia. The Emir was in favour of an alliance but wanted British help in recapturing Peshawar which the Sikhs had captured in", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "9282881", "score": "1.7589494", "text": "it from an honour granted for a further engagement in 1842. The regiment later joined the British Army to become the 101st Regiment of Foot (Royal Bengal Fusiliers) and in 1881 the 1st Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. The latter regiment was disbanded in 1922. In 1840 the battle honour \"Ghuznee\" (altered to \"Ghuznee, 1839\" in 1844) was awarded to the following units of the British Army: Battle of Ghazni The Battle of Ghazni (or Ghuznee) took place in the city of Ghazni in central Afghanistan on July 23, 1839 during the First Anglo-Afghan War. In the 1830s, the", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "12752276", "score": "1.7236931", "text": "Ghuznee Medal The Ghuznee Medal is a British campaign medal awarded for participation in the storming of the fortress of Ghuznee in Afghanistan, on 21 to 23 July 1839 by troops of the British and Indian Armies. This action, the Battle of Ghazni, took place during the First Anglo-Afghan War. This was the second medal awarded to all ranks of the British Army for a specific campaign, the Waterloo Medal being the first. It was struck in 1839 on the orders of Shuja Shah Durrani, the Shah of Afghanistan, to show his appreciation to the British forces who had helped", "title": "Ghuznee Medal" }, { "id": "9282880", "score": "1.7137446", "text": "a fifth generation descendant of Subedar Devi Singh. A battle honour of 'Ghuznee 1839' was instituted by the Governor General in India vide Gazette of the Governor General dated 19 November 1839 and date added vide Gazette of India No 875 of 1907. The battle honour is not considered to be repugnant. The honour was awarded to all native Indian units which were employed in the reduction of the fortress: The battle honour \"Ghuznee\" was awarded in 1839 by the Honourable East India Company to the 1st Bengal European Regiment. This was altered in 1844 to \"Ghuznee, 1839\" to differentiate", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "First Anglo-Afghan War\n\nThe First Anglo-Afghan War () was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad (Barakzai) and former emir Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during the 1842 retreat from Kabul.<ref name=\"Kohn\" /><ref name=baxter/>\n\nThe British then sent an \"Army of Retribution\" to Kabul to avenge the destruction of the previous forces. After recovering prisoners, they left Afghanistan by the end of the year. Dost Mohammed returned from exile in India to resume his rule.\n\nIt was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.", "title": "First Anglo-Afghan War" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1842 retreat from Kabul\n\nThe 1842 retreat from Kabul, also called the Massacre of Elphinstone's army, during the First Anglo-Afghan War, was the retreat of the British and East India Company forces from Kabul. An uprising in Kabul forced the then commander, Major-General William Elphinstone, to fall back to the British garrison at Jalalabad. As the army and its numerous dependents and camp followers began its march, it came under attack from Afghan tribesmen. Many of the column died of exposure, frostbite or starvation, or were killed during the fighting.\n\nAt the beginning of the conflict, British and East India Company forces had defeated the forces of Afghan Emir Dost Mohammad Barakzai and in 1839 occupied Kabul, restoring the former ruler, Shah Shujah Durrani, as emir. However a deteriorating situation made their position more and more precarious, until an uprising in Kabul forced Maj. Gen. Elphinstone to withdraw. To this end he negotiated an agreement with Wazir Akbar Khan, one of the sons of Dost Mohammad Barakzai, by which his army was to fall back to the Jalalabad garrison, more than away. The Afghans launched numerous attacks against the column as it made slow progress through the winter snows along the route that is now the Kabul–Jalalabad Road. In total the British army lost 4,500 troops, along with about 12,000 civilians: the latter comprising both the families of Indian and British soldiers, plus workmen, servants and other Indian camp followers. The final stand was made just outside a village called Gandamak on 13 January.\n\nOut of more than 16,000 people from the column commanded by Elphinstone, only one European (Assistant Surgeon William Brydon) and a few Indian sepoys reached Jalalabad. Over one hundred British prisoners and civilian hostages were later released.<ref name=ewans2002/> Around 2,000 of the Indians, many of whom were maimed by frostbite, survived and returned to Kabul to exist by begging or to be sold into slavery. Some at least returned to India after another British invasion of Kabul several months later, but others remained behind in Afghanistan.\n\nIn 2013, a writer for \"The Economist\" called the retreat \"the worst British military disaster until the fall of Singapore exactly a century later.\"", "title": "1842 retreat from Kabul" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "3rd Bengal Light Cavalry\n\nThe 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry, also known as the 3rd Bengal Native Cavalry, was a locally recruited regiment of the East India Company's Bengal Army. Raised in 1797, the regiment took part in conflicts throughout British India, serving with distinction in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the First Anglo-Afghan War and the First Anglo-Sikh War, earning various battle honours.\n\nIn April 1857, 85 men of the regiment refused to accept cartridges for their carbines and were tried by court-martial, convicted, and sentenced to up to 10 years' hard labour. After the men were imprisoned, the regiment freed their jailed comrades and headed to Delhi, where their arrival led to the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny. Following the events of the mutiny, all the Bengal Light Cavalry regiments were disbanded.", "title": "3rd Bengal Light Cavalry" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "16th The Queen's Lancers\n\nThe 16th The Queen's Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1759. It saw service for two centuries, before being amalgamated with the 5th Royal Irish Lancers to form the 16th/5th Lancers in 1922.", "title": "16th The Queen's Lancers" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "4th Queen's Own Hussars\n\nThe 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958.", "title": "4th Queen's Own Hussars" }, { "id": "9282875", "score": "1.620301", "text": "formed into a storming party commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Dennie. The rest of the three British regiments formed the main attacking column commanded by Brigadier Sale. High winds prevented the garrison from realizing they were about to be attacked. At 3am on July 23, 1839, Indian engineers of the Bengal and Bombay Sappers and Miners moved towards the gate. As the engineers neared the gate they were fired upon by the Afghans inside the city. The British artillery bombarded the city and gave cover to the engineers as they reached the gate. Gunpowder was piled besides the door and the", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "9282874", "score": "1.6004527", "text": "went around the city and camped in the north side facing Kabul gate. While the British forces had encircled the city, Shuja Shah Durrani and his forces had set up camp few miles away from the city to prevent any Afghan forces trying to relieve the besieged city. On July 22, 1839, thousands of Ghilji tribesmen attacked Shuja Shah Durrani’s contingent but were repelled. With the Afghan relief forces driven away, the British were ready to mount an attack to capture the city. British artillery was positioned to give covering fire to the advancing troops and 4 British regiments were", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "9282870", "score": "1.5912343", "text": "take part in the invasion because the Russians and Persians had abandoned the siege of Herat and the pretext for the invasion of Afghanistan was no longer there and so the command of the invasion force passed to Sir John Keane. The Bombay Army landed near the Indus river in December 1838 and continued to march where it met with the Bengal Army in Quetta. However, the Invasion force was short on supplies as taking the longer Southern route into Afghanistan had caused supplies to be exhausted and also many British supply convoys were lost due to harassing attacks by", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "2759563", "score": "1.5885882", "text": "be remembered as the \"funeral wail\" of the government's \"unholy policy\". On 22 July 1839, in a surprise attack, the British-led forces captured the fortress of Ghazni, which overlooks a plain leading eastward into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The British troops blew up one city gate and marched into the city in a euphoric mood. In taking this fortress, they suffered 200 men killed and wounded, while the Afghans lost nearly 500 men. 1,600 Afghans were taken prisoner with an unknown number wounded. Ghazni was well-supplied, which eased the further advance considerably. Following this, the British achieved a decisive victory over", "title": "First Anglo-Afghan War" }, { "id": "9282877", "score": "1.5368221", "text": "suffered 200 men killed and wounded while the Afghans lost nearly 500 men and 1,600 were taken prisoner with an unknown number wounded. General Keane was, for his service, elevated to the Peerage as Baron Keane of Ghazni. He left a small garrison in Ghazni and began to march his forces towards Kabul on July 30, 1839. When the Afghan ruler, Dost Muhammad, heard about the fall of Ghazni, he asked for terms of surrender but the British offer was exile in India, which was unacceptable to him. He fled Kabul towards Western Afghanistan and the Afghan army surrendered. The", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "2183", "score": "1.5253398", "text": "captured the city of Peshawar. In 1837, during the Battle of Jamrud near the Khyber Pass, Akbar Khan and the Afghan army failed to capture the Jamrud fort from the Sikh Khalsa Army, but killed Sikh Commander Hari Singh Nalwa, thus ending the Afghan-Sikh Wars. By this time the British were advancing from the east and the first major conflict during \"The Great Game\" was initiated. In 1838, the British marched into Afghanistan and arrested Dost Mohammad, sent him into exile in India and replaced him with the previous ruler, Shah Shuja. Following an uprising, the 1842 retreat from Kabul", "title": "Afghanistan" }, { "id": "2759609", "score": "1.5182726", "text": "those of the fallen soldiers and who were brought up by Afghan families as their own children. At the same time as the attacks on the garrison at Kabul, Afghan forces beleaguered the other British contingents in Afghanistan. These were at Kandahar (where the largest British force in the country had been stationed), Jalalabad (held by a force which had been sent from Kabul in October 1841 as the first stage of a planned withdrawal) and Ghazni. Ghazni was stormed, but the other garrisons held out until relief forces arrived from India, in spring 1842. Akbar Khan was defeated near", "title": "First Anglo-Afghan War" }, { "id": "9282871", "score": "1.5128926", "text": "tribesman in Baluchistan. Many soldiers were starving and there was only enough water to feed the men which caused many horses to die. However, Sir John Keane pressed on with the advance into Afghanistan through the Bolan and Kojuk passes. His forces marched 147 miles into Afghanistan and reached Kandahar on May 4, 1839. The local city leaders escaped to Western Afghanistan and the city was captured without the British even firing a shot. The army's next objective was the fortress city of Ghazni as it commanded the trade routes and roads leading into Kabul. Before a final advance towards", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "9282879", "score": "1.5053672", "text": "by the government of India. The \"Ghuznee Medal\", a British campaign medal, was awarded to all ranks of the British Army who participated in the storming of the fortress. Ghazni is still feted as a major feat of arms by both groups of Engineers, which still exist today. The Bombay Sappers celebrate Ghazni Day each year on 28 February while the Bengal Sappers incorporated the Tower of Ghazni in their War Memorial constructed at Roorkee in 1911 to 1913. A bust of Subedar Devi Singh, first recipient of the Indian Order of Merit was unveiled by Mr Virendra Kumar Singh,", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "17227136", "score": "1.5011572", "text": "Battle of Ghazni (998) The Battle of Ghazni was fought in 998 between the rival Ghaznavid forces of Amir Ismail and the rebel forces of his older brother Mahmud of Ghazni. On his death-bed Amir Sabuktigin had designated Ismail as his successor while Mahmud, the older brother who was involved in the Samanids civil war, was stationed in Nishapur. Upon receiving these news Mahmud contested Ismail's right to the throne and divested his charge of Nishapur to his uncle Borghuz and younger brother Nur-ud-Din Yusuf and marched upon Ghazni. Both armies met at Ghazni, Ismail's containing elephants. The battle was", "title": "Battle of Ghazni (998)" }, { "id": "2759533", "score": "1.498894", "text": "and political pundits, suffered a series of defeats at the hands of rebel Afghan tribesmen. The main British Indian and Sikh force occupying Kabul, having endured harsh winters as well, was almost completely annihilated while retreating in January 1842. It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia. The 19th century was a period of diplomatic competition between the British and Russian empires for spheres of influence in Asia known as the \"Great Game\" to the British and the \"Tournament of Shadows\"", "title": "First Anglo-Afghan War" }, { "id": "9282872", "score": "1.4901567", "text": "Kabul could be made, Ghazni had to be captured. The severe shortages of supplies along with the lack of draft horses had led to heavy siege equipment to be left in Kandahar as the Army no longer had the necessary number of draft horses to pull the equipment. The Army arrived at Ghazni on July 21, 1839. Initial reconnaissance showed the city to be heavily fortified with a 70-foot wall and a flooded moat. The defense of the city was led by Hyder Khan, the son of Dost Muhammad. Lacking siege equipment meant that the only way for the British", "title": "Battle of Ghazni" }, { "id": "2759532", "score": "1.4850295", "text": "First Anglo-Afghan War The First Anglo-Afghan War (also known as Disaster in Afghanistan) was fought between the British East India Company and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842. The war is notorious for the loss of 4,500 British and Indian soldiers, plus 12,000 of their camp followers to Afghan tribal fighters. Initially, the British successfully intervened in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad (Barakzai) and former emir Shah Shujah (Durrani), whom they installed upon conquering Kabul in August 1839. However, in 1841 the Army of the Indus, numbering between 24,000 and 28,000 including families of soldiers, military", "title": "First Anglo-Afghan War" }, { "id": "6629345", "score": "1.4848934", "text": "with two British regiments (the 40th Foot and the 41st Foot), some sepoy regiments which had earlier distinguished themselves and four batteries of artillery, 6,000 men in total. On 30 August, he defeated a force of 10,000 Afghans at Khelat-i-Ghilzai near Ghazni. He captured Ghazni itself without opposition, and looted the city in retaliation for the attack on Palmer. Lord Ellenborough had specifically ordered him to recover a set of ornate gates, known as the Somnath Gates, which had been looted from India by the Afghans and hung at the tomb of Sultan Mahmud II. A whole sepoy regiment, the", "title": "Kabul Expedition (1842)" }, { "id": "13794345", "score": "1.4841783", "text": "the spirited defence. The French government issued a commemorative medal celebrating the victory, and there is today a Rue Mazagran in Paris. Exasperated by French sarcasms over the British withdrawal from Afghanistan, the London \"Morning Chronicle\" published in 1842 an accusation that the event was a hoax, and challenged the French government to substantiate it. These accusations received limited coverage in the French press; the French government did not apparently respond. One correspondent to a British military journal took issue with the \"Morning Chronicle\" reporting, describing an encounter with an unidentified French officer who claimed that something resembling the affair", "title": "Battle of Mazagran" } ]

[ "34 Tauri", "magnetosphere of uranus", "7th planet", "Sol-7", "Georgian planet", "hd 128598", "Seventh planet", "Uranus", "Astronomy Uranus", "uranus astronomy", "sun h", "discovery of uranus", "34 tauri", "Uranus (Planet)", "uranos planet", "astronomy uranus", "sol vii", "georgium sidus", "Planet Uranus", "uranus", "Sun h", "planet uranus", "Sol 7", "Uranos (planet)", "HD 128598", "Georgium Sidus", "♅", "Sol h", "Magnetosphere of Uranus", "Sol VII", "SAO 158687", "uranus planet", "Urano (planet)", "Uranus (astronomy)", "sol 7", "urano planet", "sao 158687", "seventh planet", "sol h", "Discovery of Uranus", "George's Star", "Uranus (planet)", "georgian planet", "george s star", "⛢" ]

[ { "id": "333586", "score": "1.6698587", "text": "People and places from creation myths Sun and Moon deities People and places from Sayers' translation of \"Chanson de Roland\", the only exception is Cassini Regio, which is named after its discoverer, Giovanni Cassini. Satellites of Uranus are named for characters from the works of William Shakespeare. Mischievous (Pucklike) spirits (class) Characters, places from Shakespeare's plays Light spirits (individual and class) Dark spirits (individual) Female Shakespearean characters, places Shakespearean tragic heroes and places There are currently no named features on Uranian small satellites, however the naming convention is heroines from plays by Shakespeare and Pope. Features on Proteus are to", "title": "Planetary nomenclature" }, { "id": "3431355", "score": "1.6045723", "text": "and \"The Rape of the Lock\" (although at present only Ariel, Umbriel, and Belinda have names drawn from the latter; all the rest are from Shakespeare). At first, the outermost moons were all named after characters from one play, \"The Tempest\"; but with Margaret being named from \"Much Ado About Nothing\" that trend has ended. Some asteroids share names with moons of Uranus: 171 Ophelia, 218 Bianca, 593 Titania, 666 Desdemona, 763 Cupido, and 2758 Cordelia. The Uranian satellite system is the least massive among those of the giant planets. Indeed, the combined mass of the five major satellites is", "title": "Moons of Uranus" }, { "id": "439596", "score": "1.584383", "text": "another Uranian satellite, Ariel, was discovered by William Lassell on October 24, 1851. Although William Herschel, the discoverer of Titania and Oberon, claimed at the end of the 18th century that he had observed four additional moons of Uranus, his observations were not confirmed and those four objects are now thought to be spurious. All of Uranus's moons are named after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by John Herschel in 1852 at the request of Lassell. Umbriel is the \"dusky melancholy sprite\" in Alexander Pope's", "title": "Umbriel (moon)" }, { "id": "635226", "score": "1.577681", "text": "who studied Phobos and people and places from Jonathan Swift's \"Gulliver's Travels\". A number of craters have been named, and are listed in the following table. There is one named regio, \"Laputa Regio\", and one named planitia, \"Lagado Planitia\"; both are named after places in \"Gulliver's Travels\" (the fictional Laputa, a flying island, and Lagado, imaginary capital of the fictional nation Balnibarbi). The only named ridge on Phobos is \"Kepler Dorsum\", named after the astronomer Johannes Kepler. The orbital motion of Phobos has been intensively studied, making it \"the best studied natural satellite in the Solar System\" in terms of", "title": "Phobos (moon)" }, { "id": "1717575", "score": "1.5720571", "text": "the Fairies in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\". The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by Herschel's son John in 1852, at the request of William Lassell, who had discovered the other two moons, Ariel and Umbriel, the year before. Titania was initially referred to as \"the first satellite of Uranus\", and in 1848 was given the designation ' by William Lassell, although he sometimes used William Herschel's numbering (where Titania and Oberon are II and IV). In 1851 Lassell eventually numbered all four known satellites in order of their distance from the planet by Roman", "title": "Titania (moon)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Moons of Uranus\n\nUranus, the seventh planet of the Solar System, has 27 known moons, most of which are named after characters that appear in, or are mentioned in, the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope.<ref name=\"Gazetteer\" /> Uranus's moons are divided into three groups: thirteen inner moons, five major moons, and nine irregular moons. The inner and major moons all have prograde orbits, while orbits of the irregulars are mostly retrograde. The inner moons are small dark bodies that share common properties and origins with Uranus's rings. The five major moons are ellipsoidal, indicating that they reached hydrostatic equilibrium at some point in their past (and may still be in equilibrium), and four of them show signs of internally driven processes such as canyon formation and volcanism on their surfaces.<ref name=\"Smith Soderblom et al. 1986\" /> The largest of these five, Titania, is 1,578 km in diameter and the eighth-largest moon in the Solar System, about one-twentieth the mass of the Earth's Moon. The orbits of the regular moons are nearly coplanar with Uranus's equator, which is tilted 97.77° to its orbit. Uranus's irregular moons have elliptical and strongly inclined (mostly retrograde) orbits at large distances from the planet.<ref name=\"Sheppard2005\" />\n\nWilliam Herschel discovered the first two moons, Titania and Oberon, in 1787. The other three ellipsoidal moons were discovered in 1851 by William Lassell (Ariel and Umbriel) and in 1948 by Gerard Kuiper (Miranda).<ref name=\"Gazetteer\" /> These five may be in hydrostatic equilibrium, and so would be considered dwarf planets if they were in direct orbit about the Sun. The remaining moons were discovered after 1985, either during the \"Voyager 2\" flyby mission or with the aid of advanced Earth-based telescopes.<ref name=\"Smith Soderblom et al. 1986\" /><ref name=\"Sheppard2005\" />", "title": "Moons of Uranus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Astronomical naming conventions\n\nIn ancient times, only the Sun and Moon, a few stars, and the most easily visible planets had names. Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects, and where relevant, features of those objects.\n\nThe International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the recognized authority in astronomy for assigning designations to celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and minor planets, including any surface features on them. In response to the need for unambiguous names for astronomical objects, it has created a number of systematic naming systems for objects of various sorts.", "title": "Astronomical naming conventions" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of natural satellites\n\nThe Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 221 natural satellites, or moons. At least 20 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io. Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).\n\nMoons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than in diameter.\n\nThe earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the \"Voyager 1\" and \"2\" missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular. ", "title": "List of natural satellites" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Naming of moons\n\nThe naming of moons has been the responsibility of the International Astronomical Union's committee for Planetary System Nomenclature since 1973. That committee is known today as the Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).\n\nPrior to its formation, the names of satellites have had varying histories. The choice of names is often determined by a satellite's discoverer; however, historically some satellites were not given names for many years after their discovery; for instance, Titan was discovered by Huygens in 1655, but was not named until 1847, almost two centuries later.\n\nBefore the IAU assumed responsibility for astronomical nomenclature, only twenty-five satellites had been given names that were in wide use and are still used: 1 of Earth, 2 of Mars, 5 of Jupiter, 10 of Saturn, 5 of Uranus, and 2 of Neptune. Since then, names have been given to 137 additional planetary and dwarf planetary satellites: 52 satellites of Jupiter, 53 of Saturn, 22 of Uranus, 12 of Neptune, 5 of Pluto, 2 of Haumea, and 1 each of , , , and . Names have also been given to some satellites of minor planets, including the dwarf planet candidates and which have one satellite each. The number will continue to rise as current satellite discoveries are documented and new satellites are discovered.\n\nAt the IAU General Assembly in July 2004, the WGPSN suggested it may become advisable to not name small satellites, as CCD technology makes it possible to discover satellites as small as 1 km in diameter. Until 2014, names were applied to all planetary moons discovered, regardless of size. From 2015, some small moons have not received names.", "title": "Naming of moons" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Uranus\n\nUranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is named after Greek sky deity Uranus (Caelus), who in Greek mythology is the father of Cronus (Saturn), a grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter) and great-grandfather of Ares (Mars). Uranus has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. The planet is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have bulk chemical compositions which differ from those of the other two giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn (the gas giants). For this reason, scientists often distinguish Uranus and Neptune as \"ice giants\". \n\nAs with gas giants, ice giants lack a well-defined solid surface. Uranus's atmosphere is similar to Jupiter's and Saturn's in its primary composition of hydrogen and helium, but it contains more \"ices\" such as water, ammonia, and methane, along with traces of other hydrocarbons.<ref name=\"Lunine 1993\" /> It has the coldest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, with a minimum temperature of . It has a complex, layered cloud structure; water is thought to make up the lowest clouds and methane the uppermost layer.<ref name=\"Lunine 1993\" /> The planet's interior is mainly composed of ices and rock.<ref name=\"Podolak Weizman et al. 1995\" />\n\nLike the other giant planets, Uranus has a ring system, a magnetosphere, and numerous moons. The Uranian system has a unique configuration because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways, nearly into the plane of its solar orbit. Therefore, its north and south poles lie where most other planets have their equators. Observations from Earth have shown seasonal change and increased weather activity as Uranus approached its equinox in 2007. Wind speeds can reach .<ref name=\"Sromovsky & Fry 2005\" />", "title": "Uranus" }, { "id": "2837334", "score": "1.5707502", "text": "Earth's natural satellite is simply known as the Moon, or the equivalent in the language being spoken (for instance, two astronomers speaking French would call it \"la Lune\"). It is sometimes called \"Luna\" (which is simply Latin for \"moon\"), in science fiction. Natural satellites of other planets are generally named after mythological figures. Satellites of Uranus are named after characters from works by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. When natural satellites are first discovered, they are given provisional designations such as \"S/2010 J 2\" (the 2nd new satellite of Jupiter discovered in 2010) or \"S/2003 S 1\" (the 1st new", "title": "Astronomical naming conventions" }, { "id": "765760", "score": "1.5674083", "text": "after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The name Oberon was derived from Oberon, the King of the Fairies in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\". The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by Herschel's son John in 1852, at the request of William Lassell, who had discovered the other two moons, Ariel and Umbriel, the year before. The adjectival form of the name is \"Oberonian,\" . Oberon was initially referred to as \"the second satellite of Uranus\", and in 1848 was given the designation ' by William Lassell, although he sometimes used William Herschel's", "title": "Oberon (moon)" }, { "id": "269989", "score": "1.5646167", "text": "Tempest\", because the four previously discovered moons of Uranus, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon, had all been named after characters of Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. However, the previous moons had been named specifically after fairies, whereas Miranda was a human. Subsequently, discovered satellites of Uranus were named after characters from Shakespeare and Pope, whether fairies or not. The moon is also designated Uranus V. Of Uranus's five round satellites, Miranda orbits closest to it, at roughly 129,000 km from the surface; about a quarter again as far as its most distant ring. Its orbital period is 34 hours, and, like", "title": "Miranda (moon)" }, { "id": "2008708", "score": "1.5621989", "text": "sky, where \"'midst the stars [it] inscribes Belinda's name\", contributed to the eventual naming of three of the moons of Uranus after characters from \"The Rape of the Lock\": Umbriel, Ariel, and Belinda. The first two are major bodies and were named in 1852 by John Herschel, a year after their discovery. The inner satellite Belinda was not discovered until 1986 and is the only other of the planet's 27 moons taken from Pope's poem rather than Shakespeare's works. Modern adaptations of \"The Rape of the Lock\" include Deborah Mason's opera-ballet, on which the composer worked since 2002. It had", "title": "The Rape of the Lock" }, { "id": "20622210", "score": "1.5350031", "text": "the planet. \"SF Book Reviews\" found the book lacking action and more interested in character actions or reactions to each other or their surroundings. Ideas are presented by the spaceship’s three minds or personalities in their own private discourses. Shakespeare's Planet Shakespeare's Planet is a 1976 science-fiction novel by Clifford D. Simak. Carter Horton and three other crew members are sent on an interstellar mission to find a planet which would be suitable for human life. They are put into suspended animation until they arrive. However, due to a systems malfunction, Carter is the last one left alive. When he", "title": "Shakespeare's Planet" }, { "id": "2826521", "score": "1.5273011", "text": "so (E. E. Barnard stated he would \"defer any suggestions as to a name\" [for Amalthea] \"until a later paper\" but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated \"Many have asked what the new satellites\" [Lysithea and Carme] \"are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter.\"). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of", "title": "Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons" }, { "id": "11727679", "score": "1.5203987", "text": "as its spectral type remains unknown. This minor planet was named in honour of English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626). He has been called the father of empiricism and his works established and popularized the scientific method. According to the Baconian theory, he wrote the plays attributed to William Shakespeare. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 29 September 1985 (). 2940 Bacon Bacon (minor planet designation: 2940 Bacon), provisional designation , is a carbonaceous Dorian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in", "title": "2940 Bacon" }, { "id": "2903733", "score": "1.513195", "text": "\"\". Later, once its existence and orbit were confirmed, it received its full designation, \"\". The Roman numbering system arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), in part to spite his rival Simon Marius, who had proposed the names now adopted. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of moons around Saturn and Mars. Although the numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, new discoveries soon failed to conform with this scheme (e.g. \"\" is Amalthea, which orbits", "title": "Provisional designation in astronomy" }, { "id": "15091223", "score": "1.5101702", "text": "fourth on 13 January. Galileo named the group of four the \"Medicean stars\", in honour of his future patron, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Cosimo's three brothers. Later astronomers, however, renamed them \"Galilean satellites\" in honour of their discoverer. These satellites were independently discovered by Simon Marius on 8 January 1610 and are now called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto the names given by Marius in his \"Mundus Iovialis\" published in 1614. His observations of the satellites of Jupiter caused a revolution in astronomy: a planet with smaller planets orbiting it did not conform to the", "title": "Galileo Galilei" }, { "id": "553124", "score": "1.50772", "text": "critical point. Recent simulations of planetary migration have suggested that both ice giants formed closer to the Sun than their present positions, and moved outwards after formation (the Nice model). Uranus has 27 known natural satellites. The names of these satellites are chosen from characters in the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. The five main satellites are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon. The Uranian satellite system is the least massive among those of the giant planets; the combined mass of the five major satellites would be less than half that of Triton (largest moon of Neptune) alone. The", "title": "Uranus" }, { "id": "2987191", "score": "1.5018673", "text": "April and August Polo, pilot Eugene Springfield, physician Calvin Greene and engineer Bill (whose last name is never given). As they reach the satellite they realize it is a huge hollow torus, a Stanford torus habitat. Before they can report this the ship is entangled in cables from the object. The crew is rendered unconscious and later wake up inside the habitat. Initially separated, Cirroco and Gaby find each other and travel together through the world inside the torus to find the rest of the crew. As the story progresses, they find Calvin living as a companion inside a \"Blimp\",", "title": "Titan (Varley novel)" }, { "id": "3652841", "score": "1.4888487", "text": "launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning names were Cervantes for this star and Quijote, Dulcinea, Rocinante and Sancho, for its planets (b, c, d, and e, respectively; the IAU used the Pepe \"et al\" system). The winning names were those submitted by the Planetario de Pamplona, Spain. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) was a famous Spanish writer and author of \"El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha\". The planets are named after", "title": "Mu Arae" }, { "id": "15636118", "score": "1.4818683", "text": "on chemistry and physics. In 1887, he co-published \"Exercises in practical chemistry\" with A. G. V. Harcourt, which became a standard textbook for many years thereafter. In 1877, American astronomer Asaph Hall discovered two satellites orbiting the planet Mars. Various names were proposed, but Asaph chose the suggestion of Henry Madan, who proposed the names \"Deimus\" (later Deimos) and \"Phobus\" (later Phobos). (These names are found in the Fifteenth Book, line 119 of Homer's \"Iliad\".) Henry was the brother of Falconer Madan (1851–1935), the librarian of the Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford. Falconer's granddaughter, Venetia Burney (1918–2009), holds", "title": "Henry George Madan" }, { "id": "2837337", "score": "1.4807332", "text": "orbit computed, a permanent name is chosen, which replaces the \"S/\" provisional designation. However, in the past, some satellites remained unnamed for surprisingly long periods after their discovery. See Naming of moons for a history of how some of the major satellites got their current names. The Roman numbering system arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), in part to spite his rival Simon Marius, who had proposed the names now adopted, after his own proposal to name the bodies after", "title": "Astronomical naming conventions" }, { "id": "8666265", "score": "1.4751567", "text": "the last act of \"The Merchant of Venice\", as well as the following excerpt from \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\": In the above example, the reference to stars shooting madly from their \"spheres\" was not in accordance with the then-accepted Greek astronomical belief that the stars all occupied the same sphere that surrounded the Earth as opposed to separate ones. While it was believed that additional ambient spheres existed, they were thought to contain the other visible bodies in the sky, i.e. the Sun, the Moon, and the planets (whose name makes its way into English from the Greek word \"planetes\",", "title": "Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship" } ]

[ "every year", "Every year" ]

[ { "id": "678579", "score": "1.7497241", "text": "and female reindeer antlers differ in several respects. Males shed their antlers prior to winter, while female antlers are retained throughout winter. Also, female antler size plateaus at the onset of puberty, around age three, while males' antler size increases during their lifetime. This likely reflects the differing life history strategies of the two sexes, where females are resource limited in their reproduction and cannot afford costly antlers, while male reproductive success depends on the size of their antlers because they are under directional sexual selection. In moose, antlers may act as large hearing aids. Equipped with large, highly adjustable", "title": "Antler" }, { "id": "275102", "score": "1.690175", "text": "for the winter, but retain them until the following spring. Birds, carnivores and rodents eat dropped antlers as they are full of protein and moose themselves will eat antler velvet for the nutrients. If a bull moose is castrated, either by accidental or chemical means, he will quickly shed his current set of antlers and then immediately begin to grow a new set of misshapen and deformed antlers that he will wear the rest of his life without ever shedding again. The distinctive-looking appendages (often referred to as \"devil's antlers\") are the source of several myths and legends among many", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "275098", "score": "1.6635995", "text": "the deer family. Cows select mates based on antler size. Bull moose use dominant displays of antlers to discourage competition and will spar or fight rivals. The size and growth rate of antlers is determined by diet and age; symmetry reflects health. The male's antlers grow as cylindrical beams projecting on each side of the head at right angles to the midline of the skull, and then fork. The lower prong of this fork may be either simple, or divided into two or three tines, with some flattening. Moose antlers are broad and palmate (flat) with tines (points) along the", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "275101", "score": "1.6566539", "text": "the mating season males drop their antlers to conserve energy for the winter. A new set of antlers will then regrow in the spring. Antlers take three to five months to fully develop, making them one of the fastest growing animal organs. Antler growth is \"nourished by an extensive system of blood vessels in the skin covering, which contains numerous hair follicles that give it a 'velvet' texture.\" This requires intense grazing on a highly-nutritious diet. By September the velvet is removed by rubbing and thrashing which changes the colour of the antlers. Immature bulls may not shed their antlers", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "16064963", "score": "1.6466732", "text": "females or to announce to other males that they are in the area. In the event of a fight over mating rights, bull moose risk locking their antlers, which almost always results in them both dying from starvation. Western moose females will have, on average, one or two calves at once. A female may attack if she feels that her calves are threatened, although, at around 10–11 months yearling Western moose are chased off by their mothers to fend for themselves. With a population of about 950,000 individuals, they are hunted every autumn and winter in both Canada and the", "title": "Western moose" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Moose\n\nThe moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (Alces alces) is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the only species in the genus Alces. It is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult male moose have distinctive broad, palmate (\"open-hand shaped\") antlers; most other members of the deer family have antlers with a dendritic (\"twig-like\") configuration. Moose typically inhabit boreal forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Hunting and other human activities have caused a reduction in the size of the moose's range over time. It has been reintroduced to some of its former habitats. Currently, most moose occur in Canada, Alaska, New England (with Maine having the most of the lower 48 states), New York State, Fennoscandia, the Baltic states, Poland, Kazakhstan, and Russia.\n\nIts diet consists of both terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Predators of moose include wolves, bears, humans and (rarely) wolverines. Unlike most other deer species, moose do not form herds and are solitary animals, aside from calves who remain with their mother until the cow begins estrus (typically at 18 months after birth of the calf), at which point the cow chases them away. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary, moose can become aggressive, and move quickly if angered or startled. Their mating season in the autumn features energetic fights between males competing for a female.", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Antler\n\nAntlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Antlers are a single structure composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, skin, nerves, and blood vessels. They are generally found only on males, with the exception of reindeer/caribou. Antlers are shed and regrown each year and function primarily as objects of sexual attraction and as weapons.\n\nIn contrast to antlers, horns—found on pronghorns and bovids, such as sheep, goats, bison and cattle—are two-part structures that usually do not shed. A horn's interior of bone is covered by an exterior sheath made of keratin (the same material as human fingernails and toenails).", "title": "Antler" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rut (mammalian reproduction)\n\nThe rut (from the Latin \"rugire\", meaning \"to roar\") is the mating season of certain mammals, which includes ruminants such as deer, sheep, camels, goats, pronghorns, bison, giraffes and antelopes, and extends to others such as skunks and elephants. The rut is characterized in males by an increase in testosterone, exaggerated sexual dimorphisms, increased aggression, and increased interest in females. The males of the species may mark themselves with mud, undergo physiological changes or perform characteristic displays in order to make themselves more visually appealing to the females. Males also use olfaction to entice females to mate using secretions from glands and soaking in their own urine.<ref name=\":1\" />\n\nDuring the rut (known as the \"rutting period\" and in domestic sheep management as \"tupping\"), males often rub their antlers or horns on trees or shrubs, fight with each other, wallow in mud or dust, self-anoint and herd estrus females together. These displays make the male conspicuous and aids in mate selection.\n\nThe rut in many species is triggered by shorter day lengths. For different species, the timing of the rut depends on the length of the gestation period (pregnancy), usually occurring so the young are born in the spring. This is shortly after new green growth has appeared thereby providing food for the females, allowing them to provide milk for the young, and when the temperatures are warm enough to reduce the risk of young becoming hypothermic.", "title": "Rut (mammalian reproduction)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Deer\n\nDeer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer (caribou), white-tailed deer, the roe deer, and the moose. Male deer of all species (except the water deer), as well as female reindeer, grow and shed new antlers each year. In this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (Bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla).\n\nThe musk deer (Moschidae) of Asia and chevrotains (Tragulidae) of tropical African and Asian forests are separate families that are also in the ruminant clade Ruminantia; they are not especially closely related to Cervidae.\n\nDeer appear in art from Paleolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry, such as red deer that appear in the coat of arms of Åland. Their economic importance includes the use of their meat as venison, their skins as soft, strong buckskin, and their antlers as handles for knives. Deer hunting has been a popular activity since the Middle Ages and remains a resource for many families today.", "title": "Deer" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Red deer\n\nThe red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species. A male red deer is called a stag or hart, and a female is called a hind. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Anatolia, Iran, and parts of western Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains of Northern Africa; its early ancestors are thought to have crossed over to Morocco, then to Algeria, Libya and Tunisia via the Strait of Gibraltar, becoming the only species of true deer (Cervidae) to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source.\n\nRed deer are ruminants, characterized by a four-chambered stomach. Genetic evidence indicates that the red deer, as traditionally defined, is a species group, rather than a single species, though exactly how many species the group includes remains disputed. The closely related and slightly larger American elk, or wapiti, native to North America and northeastern Asia, had been regarded as a subspecies of red deer, but recently it has been established as a distinct species. The ancestor of all red deer (and wapiti) probably originated in central Asia and resembled sika deer. Additional genetic research has suggested that the closest living species to the red deer is the European fallow deer, \"Dama dama\".\n\nAlthough at one time red deer were rare in parts of Europe, they were never close to extinction. Reintroduction and conservation efforts, such as in the United Kingdom and Portugal, have resulted in an increase of red deer populations, while other areas, such as North Africa, have continued to show a population decline.", "title": "Red deer" }, { "id": "275099", "score": "1.629152", "text": "outer edge. The antlers of mature Alaskan adult bull moose (5 to 12 years old) have a normal maximum spread greater than . By the age of 13, moose antlers decline in size and symmetry. The widest spread recorded was across. (An Alaskan moose also holds the record for the heaviest weight at .) Antler beam diameter, not the number of tines, indicates age. In North America moose (\"A. a. americanus\") antlers are usually larger than those of Eurasian moose and have two lobes on each side, like a butterfly. Eurasian moose antlers resemble a seashell, with a single lobe", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "16052530", "score": "1.6256702", "text": "contact with, including humans, wolves, other deer or even bears. Bull moose often get their antlers locked during a fight, and both moose typically die from starvation. Bull moose call out a subtle mating call to attract female moose and to warn other males. If a male moose loses to another male, he has to wait another year to mate. Alaska moose mate every year during autumn and winter, and usually produce one or two offspring at a time. At around 10–11 months, yearling Alaska moose leave their mothers and fend for themselves. Alaska moose are hunted for food and", "title": "Alaska moose" }, { "id": "275107", "score": "1.6159459", "text": "races is the Alaskan subspecies (\"A. a. gigas\"), which can stand over at the shoulder, has a span across the antlers of and averages in males and in females.<ref name=\"Nancy Long / Kurt Savikko\"></ref> Typically, however, the antlers of a mature bull are between 1.2 m (3.9 ft) and 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The largest confirmed size for this species was a bull shot at the Yukon River in September 1897 that weighed and measured high at the shoulder. There have been reported cases of even larger moose, including a bull that reportedly scaled , but none are authenticated and", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "8981596", "score": "1.6100017", "text": "is shed in the summer when the antlers have fully developed. Bull elk may have eight or more tines on each antler; however, the number of tines has little to do with the age or maturity of a particular animal. The Siberian and North American elk carry the largest antlers while the Altai wapiti have the smallest. The formation and retention of antlers is testosterone-driven. After the breeding season in late fall, the level of pheromones released during estrus declines in the environment and the testosterone levels of males drop as a consequence. This drop in testosterone leads to the", "title": "Elk" }, { "id": "16069372", "score": "1.6065128", "text": "eight sharp incisors on its lower jaw. Eastern moose are the third largest subspecies of moose only behind the western moose and the Alaskan moose. Males stand on average at the shoulder and average . Females stand on average 1.7m (5–6 ft) at the shoulder and weigh . Eastern moose antlers have an average span of about 1.5m (5–6 ft) across. Eastern moose are solitary most of the year, only come into contact to mate or compete for breeding rights. Females without calves are mostly peaceful towards humans. Males use mating calls to attract females or challenge other bulls. At", "title": "Eastern moose" }, { "id": "678577", "score": "1.6054118", "text": "functioned only in male-male competition for mates, the best evolutionary strategy would be to shed them immediately after the rutting season, both to free the male from a heavy encumbrance and to give him more time to regrow a larger new pair. Yet antlers are commonly retained through the winter and into the spring, suggesting that they have another use. Wolves in Yellowstone National Park are 3.6 times more likely to attack individual male elk without antlers, or groups of elk in which at least one male is without antlers. Half of all male elk killed by wolves lack antlers,", "title": "Antler" }, { "id": "275120", "score": "1.5995944", "text": "dominant and one bull may retreat, however, the interaction can escalate to a fight using their antlers. Female moose have an eight-month gestation period, usually bearing one calf, or twins if food is plentiful, in May or June. Twinning can run as high as 30% to 40% with good nutrition Newborn moose have fur with a reddish hue in contrast to the brown appearance of an adult. The young will stay with the mother until just before the next young are born. The life span of an average moose is about 15–25 years. Moose populations are stable at 25 calves", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "8981597", "score": "1.594764", "text": "shedding of antlers, usually in the early winter. During the fall, elk grow a thicker coat of hair, which helps to insulate them during the winter. Males, females and calves of Siberian and North American elk all grow thin neck manes; female and young Manchurian and Alaskan wapitis do not. By early summer, the heavy winter coat has been shed, and elk are known to rub against trees and other objects to help remove hair from their bodies. All elk have small and clearly defined rump patches with short tails. They have different coloration based on the seasons and types", "title": "Elk" }, { "id": "275106", "score": "1.5932668", "text": "is unknown, but theories state that it might be used in mating, as a visual and olfactory signal, or as a dominance signal by males, as are the antlers. On average, an adult moose stands high at the shoulder, which is more than a foot higher than the next largest deer on average, the elk. Males (or \"bulls\") normally weigh from and females (or \"cows\") typically weigh , depending on racial or clinal as well as individual age or nutritional variations. The head-and-body length is , with the vestigial tail adding only a further . The largest of all the", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "4499909", "score": "1.5726736", "text": "incisors. Chital in the Sunderbans may be omnivores; remains of red crabs have been found in the rumen of individuals. Breeding takes place throughout the year, with peaks that vary geographically. Sperm is produced year-round, though testosterone levels register a fall during the development of the antlers. Females have regular oestrus cycles, each lasting three weeks. The female can conceive again two weeks to four months after the birth. Males sporting hard antlers are dominant over those in velvet or those without antlers, irrespective of their size. Courtship is based on tending bonds. A rutting male fasts during the mating", "title": "Chital" }, { "id": "3316855", "score": "1.5657501", "text": "seeks the moose cow in estrus and the instances of displacement feeding and tension between rival males increases. Once a potential mate has been found the male enters the display stage of the stage which lasts one to three days. During this time he will court the female by standing sidewise three to five yards from the female moose to show himself as mate. If successful he will get to mate with her for several days and then move on to a new partner. This pattern of behaviours will then repeat with successive mates until late October or early November.", "title": "Rut (mammalian reproduction)" }, { "id": "16064962", "score": "1.5487785", "text": "its lower jaw. They also have a tough tongue, gums, and lips to help chew woody vegetation. Male Western moose stand anywhere from at the shoulder. Their antlers span and they weigh anywhere from . Female Western moose stand at on average, and weigh anywhere from . Western moose do not form social bonds and only come into contact to mate or to battle for a mate. Elevated testosterone levels during mating season mean that bulls may attack anything during mating season, including humans, wolf packs, brown bears, elk, and black bears. They use a subtle mating call to attract", "title": "Western moose" }, { "id": "1281728", "score": "1.5474871", "text": "of points, lower and upper. Antlers begin to grow on male reindeer in March or April and on female reindeer in May or June. This process is called antlerogenesis. Antlers grow very quickly every year on the males. As the antlers grow they are covered in thick velvet, filled with blood vessels and spongy in texture. The antler velvet of the barren-ground caribou and boreal woodland caribou is dark chocolate brown. The velvet that covers growing antlers is a highly vascularised skin. This velvet is dark brown on woodland or barren-ground caribou and slate-grey on Peary caribou and the Dolphin-Union", "title": "Reindeer" }, { "id": "275119", "score": "1.542347", "text": "seems to be spreading. Moose are mostly diurnal. They are generally solitary with the strongest bonds between mother and calf. Although moose rarely gather in groups, there may be several in close proximity during the mating season. Mating occurs in September and October. The males are polygamous and will seek several females to breed with. During this time both sexes will call to each other. Males produce heavy grunting sounds that can be heard from up to 500 meters away, while females produce wail-like sounds. Males will fight for access to females. Initially, the males assess which of them is", "title": "Moose" }, { "id": "1281726", "score": "1.5382371", "text": "living deer species. Antler size measured in number of points reflects the nutritional status of the reindeer and climate variation of its environment. The number of points on male reindeer increases from birth to five years of age and remains relatively constant from then on. \"In male caribou, antler mass (but not the number of tines) varies in concert with body mass.\" While antlers of bull woodland caribou are typically smaller than barren-ground caribou, they can be over one metre across. They are flattened, compact and relatively dense. Geist describes them as frontally emphasized, flat-beamed antlers. Woodland caribou antlers are", "title": "Reindeer" } ]

[ "The Arts", "Cultural arts", "classification of arts", "cultural arts", "Arts", "arts", "list of arts", "Classification of the arts", "The arts", "List of arts" ]

[ { "id": "1569157", "score": "1.6458395", "text": "titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g. MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD). The term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "58473", "score": "1.5884087", "text": "Bachelor A bachelor is a man who is socially regarded as able to marry, but has not yet. It is also the title of anyone of any gender or marital status who holds a bachelor's degree. The word is first attested as the 12th-century \"bacheler\", a knight bachelor, a knight too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. The Old French ' presumably derives from Provençal ' and Italian ', but the ultimate source of the word is uncertain. The proposed Medieval Latin *' (\"vassal\", \"field hand\") is only attested late enough that it may have derived", "title": "Bachelor" }, { "id": "1374013", "score": "1.5668285", "text": "clarification, in other countries the so-called \"honours\" bachelor may not be an actual degree, but the name of a (vocational) programme which can be completed through specified course work, a high grade average, and the completion of possibly a short paper or project; students who completed such a \"honours\" BA programme sometimes style themselves by '(Hon)' after the degree abbreviation without a space, in parentheses and after the 'Hon(s)' without a dot, for example 'B.A.(Hon)'. The 3 and 4 year B.A. degree is also accepted for entry into graduate professional programmes such as law or a Master of Business Administration", "title": "Bachelor of Arts" }, { "id": "1569283", "score": "1.5616834", "text": "various areas in science or education. The Bachelor of Science in Forestry (B.Sc.F.) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four-year course of study in the field of forestry. The Bachelor of Science degrees (B.Sc., Sc.B.) along with the Bachelor of Arts degrees are the most common undergraduate degrees given. The Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate degree that bridges academic and work-life experiences. The Bachelor of Science in Law degree (B.Sc.L.) is a special-purpose degree that allows someone who has had some prior studies but has not achieved a bachelor's degree to resume", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1374020", "score": "1.5497632", "text": "the right to add '(Hons)') may be awarded if a student has completed the full honours degree course but has not obtained the total required passes sufficient to merit a third-class honours degree. Typically these degrees lack the last year requirement of a dissertation. Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin ' or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three to four years depending on the country, institution, and specific specializations, majors, or minors.", "title": "Bachelor of Arts" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bachelor's degree\n\nA bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six years (depending on institution and academic discipline). The two most common bachelor's degrees are the Bachelor of Arts (BA) and the Bachelor of Science (BS or BSc). In some institutions and educational systems, certain bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate educations after a first degree has been completed, although more commonly the successful completion of a bachelor's degree is a prerequisite for further courses such as a master's or a doctorate.\n\nIn countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately). However, some qualifications titled bachelor's degree may be at other levels (e.g., MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD).\n\nThe term \"bachelor\" in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, who was too young or poor to gather vassals under his own banner. By the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word \"baccalaureus\" came to be associated with \"bacca lauri\" (\"laurel berry\") in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.\n\nUnder the British system, and those influenced by it, undergraduate academic degrees are differentiated between \"honours degrees\" (sometimes denoted by the addition of \"(Hons)\" after the degree abbreviation) and non-honours degrees (known variously as \"pass degrees\", \"ordinary degrees\" or \"general degrees\"). An honours degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a pass degree, and in some systems an additional year of study beyond the non-honours bachelor's. Some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada, have a postgraduate \"bachelor with honours\" degree. This may be taken as a consecutive academic degree, continuing on from the completion of a bachelor's degree program in the same field, or as part of an integrated honours program. Programs like these typically require completion of a full-year long research thesis project.", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Honorary degree\n\nAn honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases \"honoris causa\" (\"for the sake of the honour\") or \"ad honorem \" (\"to the honour\"). The degree is typically a doctorate or, less commonly, a master's degree, and may be awarded to someone who has no prior connection with the academic institution or no previous postsecondary education. An example of identifying a recipient of this award is as follows: Doctorate in Business Administration (\"Hon. Causa\").\n\nThe degree is often conferred as a way of honouring a distinguished visitor's contributions to a specific field or to society in general.\n\nIt is sometimes recommended that such degrees be listed in one's curriculum vitae (CV) as an award, and not in the education section. With regard to the use of this honorific, the policies of institutions of higher education generally ask that recipients \"refrain from adopting the misleading title\" and that a recipient of an honorary doctorate should restrict the use of the title \"Dr\" before their name to any engagement with the institution of higher education in question and not within the broader community. Daisaku Ikeda holds the record for most honorary degrees, currently awarded 401.", "title": "Honorary degree" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Master's degree\n\nA master's degree (from Latin ) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.", "title": "Master's degree" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)\n\nIn the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, Bachelors of Arts are promoted to the degree of Master of Arts or Master in Arts (MA) on application after six or seven years' seniority as members of the university (including years as an undergraduate). It is an academic rank indicating seniority, and not an additional postgraduate qualification, and within the universities there are in fact no postgraduate degrees which result in the postnominals 'MA'. No further examination or study is required for this promotion and it is equivalent to undergraduate degrees awarded by other universities.\n\nThis practice differs from most other universities worldwide, at which the degree reflects further postgraduate study or achievement. These degrees are therefore sometimes referred to as the Oxford and Cambridge MA and the Dublin or Trinity MA, to draw attention to the difference. However, as with gaining a postgraduate degree from another university, once incepted and promoted to a Master, the graduate no longer wears the academic dress or uses the post-nominal letters pertaining to a Bachelor of Arts, being no longer of that rank.\n\nAll three universities have other masters' (i.e. postgraduate) degrees which do require further study and examination, but these have other titles, such as Master of Letters (MLitt), Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Master of Studies (MSt), Master of Engineering (MAI, or MEng), and Master of Science (MSc).\n\nIn the ancient universities of Scotland, a degree with the same name is awarded as a first degree to graduates in certain subjects (see Master of Arts (Scotland)).", "title": "Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Honours degree\n\nHonours degree has various meanings in the context of different degrees and education systems. Most commonly it refers to a variant of the undergraduate bachelor's degree containing a larger volume of material or a higher standard of study, or both, rather than an \"ordinary\", \"general\" or \"pass\" bachelor's degree. Honours degrees are sometimes indicated by \"Hons\" after the degree abbreviation, with various punctuation according to local custom, e.g. \"BA (Hons)\", \"B.A., Hons\", etc. In Canada, honours degrees may be indicated with an \"H\" preceding the degree abbreviation, e.g. \"HBA\" for Honours Bachelor of Arts or Honours Business Administration.\n\nExamples of honours degree include the \"honors bachelor's degree\" in the United States; the \"bachelor's degree with honours\" in the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, and India; the \"honours bachelor's degree\" in Ireland; the \"bachelor with honours\" and \"bachelor honours degree\" in New Zealand; the \"bachelor with honours\" and \"honours bachelor's degree\" in Canada; and the \"bachelor honours degree\" in Australia. In South Africa the \"bachelor honours degree\" is a postgraduate degree that follows on from the completion of a bachelor's degree. The undergraduate master of arts degree awarded by the ancient universities of Scotland in place of the bachelor of arts may be awarded as an honours or non-honours degree; these are at the same level as equivalent bachelor's degrees. At master's level, the integrated master's degrees in British universities, which students enter at the same level as bachelor's degrees, are also honours degrees.\n\nMany universities and colleges offer both honours and non-honours bachelor's degrees. In most countries where honours degrees are granted, they imply a higher level of achievement than a non-honours degree. In some countries (e.g. Australia), an honours degree may also involve a longer period of study than a non-honours degree. In England, Northern Ireland and Wales, almost all bachelor's degrees are awarded as honours degrees; in contrast, honours degrees are rarely awarded in the United States.\n\nThe current British undergraduate degree classification system, with its division into first, upper and lower second, and third class honours, was developed in 1918 to distinguish between students on the basis of their academic achievement. The concept of an \"honours\" degree goes back much further than this, however, as there were examinations for honours in the original regulations of the University of London in 1839, and Nevil Maskelyne being recorded as taking a bachelor's degree with honours at Cambridge in 1754. Other countries influenced by this system include Australia, Brunei, Canada, New Zealand, Malta, Singapore, South Africa and Hong Kong.", "title": "Honours degree" }, { "id": "1569156", "score": "1.5483608", "text": "Bachelor's degree A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline). In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1569257", "score": "1.5414486", "text": "degree. The Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences (B.A.A.Sc.) is an undergraduate degree that bridges academic and work-life experiences. There are various undergraduate degrees in information technology incorporating programming, database design, software engineering, networks and information systems. These programs prepare graduates for further postgraduate research degrees or for employment in a variety of roles in the information technology industry. The program focus may be on the technical or theoretical aspects of the subject matter, depending on which course is taken. In countries following British tradition, (the University of Malta is an exception) medical students pursue an undergraduate medical education and", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1569238", "score": "1.5414437", "text": "name from the same root. In the UK, baccalaureate qualifications, e.g. International Baccalaureate, Welsh Baccalaureate, English Baccalaureate, are gained at secondary schools rather than being degree-level qualifications. Until the 19th century, a bachelor's degree represented the first degree in a particular faculty, with Arts representing undergraduate study, thus the Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) at Oxford and the Bachelor of Laws (LLB) at Cambridge, for example, were postgraduate degrees. Vestiges of this system still remain in the ancient universities, with Oxford and Cambridge awarding BAs for undergraduate degrees in both arts and sciences (although both award undergraduate BTh degrees through", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1374005", "score": "1.5399685", "text": "Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin ' or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three to four years depending on the country, institution, and specific specializations, majors, or minors. The word ' (from the Latin ', a berry, and ', \"of the bay laurel\") should not be confused with ' (translatable as \"gold-plated scepter\" by using the Latina ' and '), which refers to the one- to two-year postgraduate \"Bachelor of Arts with", "title": "Bachelor of Arts" }, { "id": "1569239", "score": "1.5339706", "text": "associated theological colleges, and Oxford awards BFA degrees in addition to the BA) and defining other bachelor's degrees (e.g. BPhil, BCL) as postgraduate awards equivalent to master's degrees, although many postgraduate bachelor's degrees have now been replaced by equivalent master's degrees (e.g. LLM for the LLB at Cambridge and MSc for the BSc at Oxford). The same historical usage of indicating an undergraduate degree by it being in the faculty of arts rather than being a bachelor's degree gives rise to the Oxbridge MA and the Scottish MA). Common bachelor's degrees and abbreviations: In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, bachelor's", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "12905665", "score": "1.5318105", "text": "Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (Latin ', B.S., BS, B.Sc., BSc, or B.Sc; or, less commonly, S.B., SB, or Sc.B., from the equivalent Latin ') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years, or a person holding such a degree. Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For example, an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts (BA) by one university but as a BS by another, and some universities", "title": "Bachelor of Science" }, { "id": "10032953", "score": "1.5311396", "text": "Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences The Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences, often abbreviated as BAAS or BAASc, is an undergraduate degree. In the United States BAAS is awarded based on a combination of formal education, work-related training and certification completed by the student. BAAS degree programs typically require a student to complete an academic core program consisting of English, History, Political Science, Philosophy and Sociology and the Sciences like Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics consisting of at least 60 semester credit hours. Work experience and certifications are evaluated and up to 30 credit hours can be awarded towards", "title": "Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences" }, { "id": "12905688", "score": "1.5274777", "text": "differences unique to the Chilean higher education system. Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (Latin ', B.S., BS, B.Sc., BSc, or B.Sc; or, less commonly, S.B., SB, or Sc.B., from the equivalent Latin ') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years, or a person holding such a degree. Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For example, an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts (BA) by one university but", "title": "Bachelor of Science" }, { "id": "1569215", "score": "1.5249939", "text": "master's degree and further to a doctoral degree) or to study at one of the other three historical faculties—law, medicine or theology. A bachelor's degree, abbreviated Bc.A., in the field of fine arts, and Bc. (\"Bakalář\" in Czech) in other fields is awarded for accredited undergraduate programs at universities and colleges. The vast majority of undergraduate programmes offered in the Czech Republic have a standard duration of three years. In the Czech tertiary education system, most universities and colleges today offer a three-year bachelor program, which can be followed up typically with a two-year master's (graduate) program. Some specializations, such", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1374010", "score": "1.5232495", "text": "non-honours programs. The honours degrees are sometimes designated with the abbreviation in brackets of '(Hon(s))'. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree \"with Honours\", Latin \"Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore\", abbr. 'BA hon.' \"de jure\" without brackets and with a dot. It is a \"postgraduate\" degree. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree (also known e.g. in Québec as grade de bachelier ès arts) was also called a \"pass degree\" or \"general degree\". A student who first achieves a general Bachelor of Arts degree with a sufficiently high overall average may be", "title": "Bachelor of Arts" }, { "id": "1569284", "score": "1.5120956", "text": "his or her education and take up the study of law with the goal of eventually receiving the juris doctor degree. The Bachelor of Social Science (B.S.Sc.) is a three- or four-year undergraduate British degree that enables students to specialize in the area of social science. Compared to the Bachelor of Arts, which allows students to study a vast range of disciplines, the Bachelor of Social Science enables students to develop more central and specialized knowledge of the social sciences. Many universities place the Bachelor of Social Science between the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science undergraduate degrees. The", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1569282", "score": "1.5075829", "text": "arts) programs in education, M.Ed. (masters of education) programs, or post graduate certificates in education. The Bachelor of Science and/with Education degree (B.Sc.Ed.) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four- to five-year course of study in the field of science (major and minor in General Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics) and education. Although notionally B.Sc. and B.Ed. are two degrees, they must be taken together. The graduates will work as science (physics, chemistry, biology) teachers in high schools, as lecturers in pre university colleges and matriculation centers and can progress to postgraduate programs (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1569193", "score": "1.5056381", "text": "degrees. Bachelor's degrees may take either three or four years to complete and are awarded by colleges and universities. In many universities and colleges bachelor's degrees are differentiated either as bachelor's or as honours bachelor's degrees. The term \"Honours\" is an academic distinction, which indicates that students must achieve their bachelor's degree with a sufficiently high overall grade point average; in addition, some programs may require more education than non-honours programs. The honours degrees are sometimes designated with the abbreviation in brackets of '(Hon(s))'. Going back in history, the \"Bachelor with Honours\" (Latin \"baccalaureatus cum honore\", French \"baccalauréat spécialisé\") was", "title": "Bachelor's degree" }, { "id": "1374008", "score": "1.5044177", "text": "degree with varying levels of honours (\"honours\" is a distinction but not part of the degree itself). Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their (general) Bachelor's program with a high overall grade point average, to a further one year Bachelor (with) Honours degree program (\"(with) Honours\" is part of the degree itself). Thus, to achieve a Bachelor (with) Honours degree (abbr. e.g. BA (Hons.) or BA hons.), an extra \"postgraduate\" year and a high research honour's thesis must be completed; see Honours Degrees. A student who holds a (with) Honours degree is eligible for direct entry to", "title": "Bachelor of Arts" }, { "id": "1569256", "score": "1.5039499", "text": "post-graduate diploma, B.Arch. or M.Arch. for the following two to four years. The Bachelor of Design (B.Des., or S.Des. in Indonesia) is awarded to those who complete the four- or four-and-a-half-year course of study in design, usually majoring in a specific field of design, such as interior design or graphic design. The Bachelor of Arts degrees (B.A., A.B.; also known as \"Artium Baccalaureus\") along with the Bachelor of Science degrees are the most common undergraduate degrees given. Originally, in the universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin, all undergraduate degrees were in the faculty of arts, hence the name of the", "title": "Bachelor's degree" } ]

[ "Golda Meir", "golda mabovitch", "Голда Мабович", "golda mabovitz", "Golda Mabovitch", "голда мабович", "Goldie Mabovitch", "golda meyerson", "golda meir", "גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר", "goldie mabovitch", "Golda Myerson (Meir)", "Golda Meyerson", "golda myerson meir", "Golda Mabovitz" ]

[ { "id": "764446", "score": "2.1854725", "text": "to hold such an office, she has been described as the \"Iron Lady\" of Israeli politics, though her tenure ended before that term was applied to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Former Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir \"the best man in the government\"; she was often portrayed as the \"strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people.\" Meir resigned as prime minister in 1974, the year following the Yom Kippur War. She died in 1978 of lymphoma. Golda Mabovitch () was born on May 3, 1898, in Kiev, Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine, to Blume Neiditch (died 1951)", "title": "Golda Meir" }, { "id": "764445", "score": "1.979187", "text": "Golda Meir Golda Meir (; , born Golda Mabovitch, May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was an Israeli teacher, \"kibbutznik\", stateswoman, politician and the fourth prime minister of Israel. Born in Kiev, she immigrated to the United States as a child with her family in 1906, and was educated there, becoming a teacher. After marrying, she and her husband immigrated to then Mandatory Palestine in 1921, settling on a kibbutz. Meir was elected prime minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister. The world's fourth and Israel's first and only woman", "title": "Golda Meir" }, { "id": "179979", "score": "1.8875437", "text": "Levi Eshkol died in office of a heart attack and Golda Meir became Prime Minister with the largest percentage of the vote ever won by an Israeli party, winning 56 of the 120 seats after the 1969 election. Meir was the first female prime minister of Israel and the first woman to have headed a Middle Eastern state in modern times. Gahal remained on 26 seats, and was the second largest party. In December 1969, Israeli naval commandos took five missile boats during the night from Cherbourg Harbour in France. Israel had paid for the boats but the French had", "title": "History of Israel" }, { "id": "335649", "score": "1.8804597", "text": "in the 120-seat Knesset. On 26 February 1969, Eshkol became the first Prime Minister to die in office, and was temporarily replaced by Yigal Allon. However, Allon's stint lasted less than a month, as the party persuaded Golda Meir to return to political life and become prime minister in March 1969. Meir was Israel's first woman prime minister, and the third in the world (after Sirimavo Bandaranaike and Indira Gandhi). Meir resigned in 1974 after the Agranat Commission published its findings on the Yom Kippur War, even though it had absolved her of blame. Yitzhak Rabin took over, though he", "title": "Prime Minister of Israel" }, { "id": "10473447", "score": "1.8629894", "text": "the 12th, Golda Meir was the only woman in the Israeli government (though not the parliament). Golda Meir, who started out as a secretary of the Women's Labour Council of Histadrut, and later became the head of the Jewish Agency for Israel's political department, and then an ambassador to the Soviet Union, came back to Israel in 1949 after she was elected to the Knesset, and served as the Israeli Minister of Labor. She held this job for 7 years under a number of Prime Ministers, until in 1956 she became Foreign Minister, a job she held for 10 years", "title": "Women in governments of Israel" }, { "id": "10473449", "score": "1.8582357", "text": "In the elections during which Golda Meir was to become prime minister, only 8 women got into the Knesset. After the 1973 elections, Golda Meir resigned from her position as prime minister as the result of protests after the Yom Kippur War, and Yitzhak Rabin was chosen to succeed her. In 1974, he appointed Shulamit Aloni as a minister without portfolio. She held this position for 5 months, until she resigned in protest over the appointment of Yitzhak Rafael as the Religious Services Minister, despite the fact that he was suspected of having accepted bribes. In 2015, the first Israeli", "title": "Women in governments of Israel" }, { "id": "10473448", "score": "1.8413872", "text": "until 1966. After 3 years, in which she wasn't a member of the Israeli government, she was chosen as the head the Alignment party and as Prime Minister, and she was voted as Prime Minister again in the 1969 elections, when the party got the highest number of seats in the Knesset. Despite being a woman, she wasn't known as a Feminist, and she didn't appoint any other women to positions in the government. During Golda Meir's time, the number of woman members of Knesset was around 10–14 on average (out of 120), mostly from Mapai and its successor parties.", "title": "Women in governments of Israel" }, { "id": "10473444", "score": "1.8161108", "text": "rising\". In the United States of America, women comprise only 19.3% of the House of Representatives. Female representation varies significantly by demographics: most female politicians have represented secular parties, while very few have come from Arab or religious Jewish parties. Golda Meir is the only woman to serve as the Prime Minister of Israel. She was chosen for the job just before the 1969 elections following the death of Levi Eshkol, and ended her job in 1974. She and Tzipi Livni are the only women who served as Foreign Affairs Ministers, Meir having served in the job for 10 years—from", "title": "Women in governments of Israel" }, { "id": "10458426", "score": "1.8030759", "text": "Bondfield who was appointed Minister of Labour in 1929. The first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was Margaret Thatcher who served as PM from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. Margaret Thatcher was also the first woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State. These are rarer than father-son sets: Sylvia Heal (née Sylvia Lloyd Fox), MP for Mid Staffordshire 1990–92 and Halesowen and Rowley Regis 1997–2010 and Ann Keen (née Ann Lloyd Fox), MP for Brentford and Isleworth 1997–2010. Keen additionally served with her husband, Alan Keen. There", "title": "Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "18897234", "score": "1.7675885", "text": "Miriam Eshkol Miriam Eshkol (; 1929 – 26 November 2016) was the wife of Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol. In her years as the Prime Minister's wife (1964–1969) she was closely followed by the public and press, leading numerous public organization in promotion of public causes. Following Levi Eshkol's passing she founded and chaired Yad Levi Eshkol and served as its chairwoman from 1970 to 2008. Miriam Eshkol (née Zelikowitz) was born in Bacău, Romania and emigrated with her parents to the British mandate of Palestine in 1930. She was raised in Ramat Gan and later in Tel Aviv. In", "title": "Miriam Eshkol" }, { "id": "267690", "score": "1.7673835", "text": "become a generic descriptor for strong-willed female politicians. Thatcher became Prime Minister on 4 May 1979. Arriving at Downing Street she said, paraphrasing the misattributed Prayer of Saint Francis: Thatcher was to remain in office throughout the 1980s. For most of her premiership, she was described as the most powerful woman in the world. Thatcher was Leader of the Opposition and Prime Minister at a time of increased racial tension in Britain. Commenting on the local elections of 1977, \"The Economist\" noted \"The Tory tide swamped the smaller parties. That specifically includes the National Front (NF), which suffered a clear", "title": "Margaret Thatcher" }, { "id": "1951290", "score": "1.7657564", "text": "Disraeli), and created the modern police force. Margaret Thatcher was the first female British Prime Minister (1979–1990). She became known as the \"Iron Lady\", a term coined by a Soviet journalist for her uncompromising politics and leadership style. In 1938, Neville Chamberlain believed he had secured \"Peace for our time\" with Germany, a year before WWII broke out. Nigel Farage, founding member of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) that advocated British withdrawal from the European Union, has been dubbed \"Mr Brexit\". He succeeded in his overriding ambition – to see the UK vote to leave the European Union. English poet", "title": "Culture of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "267655", "score": "1.7617085", "text": "Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office. A Soviet journalist dubbed her \"The 'Iron Lady, a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism. A research chemist at Somerville College, Oxford, before becoming a barrister, Thatcher", "title": "Margaret Thatcher" }, { "id": "267769", "score": "1.7571423", "text": "Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom. Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office. A Soviet journalist dubbed her \"The 'Iron Lady, a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism.", "title": "Margaret Thatcher" }, { "id": "18534447", "score": "1.7503458", "text": "between Israel and the US.\" and present Golda Meir as \"the woman and what she was up against — especially with the Yom Kippur War\". Conversation between Richard Nixon and United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger regarding Israel was also shown through the visuals of transcripts obtained from the Nixon Library. It premiered in New York on 18 October 2013 and in Los Angeles on 6 November. A screening was conducted at Palm Beach Synagogue in November 2013 during the first South Florida Summit for Israel. Another screening was conducted at the Cleveland Museum of Art in January 2014.", "title": "The Prime Ministers: The Pioneers" }, { "id": "10473445", "score": "1.7428333", "text": "1956 to 1966. Livni is the only woman to serve in the second most important job in the Israeli government, Vice Prime Minister. Once Golda Meir resigned in 1974, it was another 12 years until another woman was appointed as a minister with a portfolio, when Shoshana Arbeli-Almozlino was appointed Health Minister, and 18 years until a woman was appointed to any other portfolio, Education Minister. After Golda Meir, the leading jobs which women held are as follows: Education Minister for a total of 9 years (5 of them by Limor Livnat, 3 years by Yuli Tamir and 1 year", "title": "Women in governments of Israel" }, { "id": "17020661", "score": "1.7422135", "text": "Israel's most active and influential legislators, and initiated and drafted laws including Israel's 2016 NGO law, its comprehensive law against terrorism, a version of the basic law proposal on Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people, as well as a law limiting the powers of the Israeli Supreme Court. Widely viewed as a potential future Prime Minister, in the opinion of \"Haaretz\", \"she is poised to be Israel’s most successful female Israeli politician since Golda Meir\". Shaked was born Ayelet Ben Shaul in Tel Aviv to a well-educated upper-middle-class Israeli family. Her paternal grandmother immigrated to Israel from Iraq", "title": "Ayelet Shaked" }, { "id": "17335826", "score": "1.7403477", "text": "of the late-twentieth century, often compared to Churchill and David Lloyd George for her transformative agenda commonly referred to as \"Thatcherism\". She was Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975-1990, and Prime Minister from 1979-1990. She was often called the \"Iron Lady\" for her uncompromising politics and leadership style. Political analyst Dennis Kavanagh concludes that the \"Thatcher Government produced such a large number of far-reaching changes across much of the policy spectrum, that it passes 'reasonable' criteria of effectiveness, radicalism, and innovation.\" The Labour Party under James Callaghan (Prime Minister 1976–79) contested the 1979 general election as unemployment passed the", "title": "Social history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)" }, { "id": "764478", "score": "1.7387089", "text": "She believed the government needed to form a coalition. She said, \"Five years are sufficient ... It is beyond my strength to continue carrying this burden.\" Yitzhak Rabin succeeded her on June 3, 1974. In 1975 Meir published her autobiography, \"My Life\". On 19 November 1977, President of Egypt Anwar Sadat became the first Arab leader to visit Israel in an official capacity when he met Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and spoke before the Knesset in Jerusalem about his views on how to achieve a comprehensive peace in the Arab–Israeli conflict. He recommended the full implementation of UN Resolutions", "title": "Golda Meir" }, { "id": "6515299", "score": "1.7318829", "text": "\"the second most powerful politician in Israel\". Livni is the second woman in Israel to hold the post of foreign minister, after Golda Meir. In 2007, she was included in the \"Time\" 100 Most Influential People in the World. \"Forbes\" ranked her the 40th most powerful woman in the world in 2006, 39th in 2007, and 52nd in 2008. Livni became the first Israeli cabinet minister to explicitly differentiate Palestinian guerrilla attacks against Israeli military targets from terrorist attacks against civilians. In an interview on the US television news show \"Nightline\", recorded on 28 March 2006, Livni stated, \"Somebody who", "title": "Tzipi Livni" } ]

[ "Ben hurr", "ben hurr", "Ben Hur", "Ben-Hur (disambiguation)", "Ben Hurr", "Ben hur", "Ben-hur", "ben hur film", "ben hur disambiguation", "Ben-Hur", "ben hur", "Ben-Hur (film)" ]

[ { "id": "4361464", "score": "1.8577487", "text": "November 1911. This ruling established the precedent that all motion picture production companies must first secure the film rights of any previously published work still under copyright before commissioning a screenplay based on that work. Ben Hur (1907 film) Ben Hur is a 15-minute-long 1907 silent drama film, the first film version of Lew Wallace's novel \"\", one of the best-selling books at that time. The film was directed by Canadian director Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Rose. At fifteen minutes long, only a small portion of the story was put on screen. The focus of the piece was the", "title": "Ben Hur (1907 film)" }, { "id": "11791442", "score": "1.8554492", "text": "the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in", "title": "General Lew Wallace Study" }, { "id": "4361495", "score": "1.848264", "text": "scene's subtext, he had been delegated to inform Boyd (who was \"delighted\"), but that Wyler had warned \"don't tell Chuck because he'll fall apart\". The final script ran 230 pages. The screenplay differed more from the original novel than did the 1925 silent film version. Some changes made the film's storyline more dramatic. Others inserted an admiration for Jewish people (who had founded the state of Israel by this time) and the more pluralistic society of 1950s America rather than the \"Christian superiority\" view of Wallace's novel. MGM opened a casting office in Rome in mid-1957 to select the 50,000", "title": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)" }, { "id": "11791444", "score": "1.8097858", "text": "bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\" Considered \"the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century,\" it has never gone out of print, and has been adapted for four films. In addition, Wallace worked as a lawyer, governor to New Mexico Territory, and ambassador to Turkey. His creative pursuits included a total of seven books: novels and biographies; art, inventing, and music. Wallace was said to have built the study because he wanted \"a pleasure-house for my soul,\" that would be \"a detached room away from the world", "title": "General Lew Wallace Study" }, { "id": "4361426", "score": "1.8004336", "text": "The development of the cinema following the novel's publication brought film adaptations in 1907, 1925, 1959, 2003, and 2016, as well as a North American TV miniseries in 2010. In 1907, Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Ross directed a short film for the Kalem Company that was based on the book, but it did not have the Wallace heirs' or the book publisher's permissions. The author's son Henry Wallace, stage producers Klaw and Erlanger, and the book's publisher Harper and Brothers sued the film's producers for violating U.S. copyright laws. The landmark case \"Kalem Co. v. Harper Brothers\" (1911) [222", "title": "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)\n\nBen-Hur is a 1959 American religious epic film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character. A remake of , it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel \"\". The screenplay is credited to Karl Tunberg, but includes contributions from Maxwell Anderson, S. N. Behrman, Gore Vidal, and Christopher Fry.\n\n\"Ben-Hur\" had the largest budget ($15.175 million), as well as the largest sets built, of any film produced at the time. Costume designer Elizabeth Haffenden oversaw a staff of 100 wardrobe fabricators to make the costumes, and a workshop employing 200 artists and workmen provided the hundreds of friezes and statues needed in the film. Filming commenced on May 18, 1958, and wrapped on January 7, 1959, with shooting lasting for 12 to 14 hours a day and six days a week. Pre-production began in Italy at Cinecittà around October 1957, and post-production took six months. Under cinematographer Robert L. Surtees, executives at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer made the decision to produce the film in a widescreen format. Over 200 camels and 2,500 horses were used in the shooting of the film, with some 10,000 extras. The sea battle was filmed using miniatures in a huge tank on the back lot at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in Culver City, California. The nine-minute chariot race has become one of cinema's most famous action sequences, and the score, composed and conducted by Miklós Rózsa, was at the time the longest ever composed for a film, and was highly influential on cinema for over 15 years.\n\nFollowing a $14.7 million marketing effort, \"Ben-Hur\" premiered at Loew's State Theatre in New York City on November 18, 1959. It was the fastest-grossing, as well as the highest-grossing film of 1959, becoming the second highest-grossing film in history at the time, after \"Gone with the Wind\". It won a record eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Wyler), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heston), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Griffith), and Best Cinematography – Color (Surtees); it also won Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for Stephen Boyd. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it the 72nd best American film and the second best American epic film in the AFI's 10 Top 10. In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected \"Ben-Hur\" for preservation by the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "title": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)\n\nBen-Hur: A Tale of the Christ is a 1925 American silent epic adventure-drama film directed by Fred Niblo and written by June Mathis based on the 1880 novel \"\" by General Lew Wallace. Starring Ramon Novarro as the title character, the film is the first feature-length adaptation of the novel and second overall, following the 1907 short.\n\nIn 1997, \"Ben-Hur\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "title": "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Production of Ben-Hur (1959 film)\n\nMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) originally announced a remake of the 1925 silent film \"Ben-Hur\" in December 1952, ostensibly as a way to spend its Italian assets. Stewart Granger and Robert Taylor were reported to be in the running for the lead. In November 1953, MGM announced it had assigned producer Sam Zimbalist to the picture and hired screenwriter Karl Tunberg to write it. Zimbalist was chosen because he had produced MGM's Best Picture-nominated Christians-and-lions epic \"Quo Vadis\" in 1951. The studio then announced in July 1954 that production would start in March 1955 with 42 speaking parts and 97 sets. MGM said Sidney Franklin would direct, that the script by Tunberg was finished, that shooting would occur in Rome and in Spain, and that Marlon Brando was up for the lead. In September 1955, Zimbalist, who continued to claim that Tunberg's script was complete, announced that a $7 million, six-to-seven month production would begin in April 1956 in either Israel or Egypt in MGM's new 65mm widescreen process. MGM, however, suspended production in early 1956.\n\nBy the late 1950s, court decisions forcing film studios to divest themselves of theater chains and the competitive pressure of television had caused significant financial distress at MGM. In a gamble to save the studio, and inspired by the success of Paramount Pictures' 1956 Biblical epic \"The Ten Commandments\", Filming started in May 1958 and wrapped in January 1959, and post-production took six months.<ref name=\"Eagan560\" /> Although the budget for \"Ben-Hur\" was initially $7 million,<ref name=\"Eagen559\" /> it was reported to be $10 million by February 1958,<ref name=\"HawkinsBustling\" /> reaching $15 million by the time shooting began—making it the costliest film ever produced up to that time.<ref name=\"Solomon207\" /> When adjusted for inflation, the budget of \"Ben Hur\" was approximately $ in constant dollars.\n\nOne notable change in the film involved the opening titles. Concerned that a roaring Leo the Lion (the MGM mascot) would create the wrong mood for the sensitive and sacred nativity scene, Wyler received permission to replace the traditional logo with one in which Leo the Lion is quiet. It was the first time in MGM history that the lion logo was not seen roaring.<ref name=\"Schumach\" />", "title": "Production of Ben-Hur (1959 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John Ford\n\nJohn Martin Feeney (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973), known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director and naval officer. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. Ford made frequent use of location shooting and wide shots, in which his characters were framed against a vast, harsh, and rugged natural terrain.\n\nHe was the recipient of six Academy Awards including a record four wins for Best Director for \"The Informer\" (1935), \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940), \"How Green Was My Valley\" (1941), and \"The Quiet Man\" (1952). He is renowned both for Westerns such as \"Stagecoach\" (1939), \"My Darling Clementine\" (1946), \"Rio Grande\" (1950), \"The Searchers\" (1956), and \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (1962).\n\nIn a career of more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost). Ford's work was held in high regard by his colleagues, with Akira Kurosawa, Orson Welles and Ingmar Bergman, who named him one of the greatest directors of all time.", "title": "John Ford" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of films set in ancient Rome\n\nThis article lists films set in the city of Rome during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, or the Roman Empire. The films only partly set in Rome are so noted.", "title": "List of films set in ancient Rome" }, { "id": "11791443", "score": "1.7989988", "text": "Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the", "title": "General Lew Wallace Study" }, { "id": "10151801", "score": "1.7872047", "text": "twenty-one years, played in the United States, Great Britain, and Australia. By the end of its run in April 1920, the play had been seen by more than twenty million people and earned over $10 million at the box office. There have been other stage adaptations of Wallace's novel as well as several motion picture versions. After Wallace's novel was published in 1880, there was widespread demand for it to be adapted for the stage, but Wallace resisted for nearly twenty years, arguing that no one could accurately portray Christ on stage or recreate a realistic chariot race. In 1899,", "title": "Ben-Hur (play)" }, { "id": "545088", "score": "1.7783167", "text": "Lew Wallace Lewis Wallace (April 10, 1827February 15, 1905) was an American lawyer, Union general in the American Civil War, governor of the New Mexico Territory, politician, diplomat, and author from Indiana. Among his novels and biographies, Wallace is best known for his historical adventure story, \"\" (1880), a bestselling novel that has been called \"the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century.\" Wallace's military career included service in the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He was appointed Indiana's adjutant general and commanded the 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Wallace, who attained the rank of major general, participated", "title": "Lew Wallace" }, { "id": "4361461", "score": "1.739438", "text": "Ben Hur (1907 film) Ben Hur is a 15-minute-long 1907 silent drama film, the first film version of Lew Wallace's novel \"\", one of the best-selling books at that time. The film was directed by Canadian director Sidney Olcott and Frank Oakes Rose. At fifteen minutes long, only a small portion of the story was put on screen. The focus of the piece was the chariot race, which was filmed on a beach in New Jersey with local firemen playing the charioteers and the horses that normally pulled the fire wagons pulling the chariots. In 1908, perhaps seeking to capitalize", "title": "Ben Hur (1907 film)" }, { "id": "4361429", "score": "1.7309117", "text": "Heston as Judah, with Stephen Boyd as Messala. It was shot on location in Rome. Filming wrapped up on January 7, 1959, at a cost of an estimated $12.5 to $15 million; it became the most expensive motion picture made up to that time. It was also among the most successful films ever made. The film premiered at Loews State Theater in New York City on November 18, 1959. It earned more than $40 million at the box office and an estimated $20 million more in merchandising revenues. Wallace's novel was eclipsed by the popularity of Wyler's 1959 film adaptation,", "title": "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ" }, { "id": "545140", "score": "1.7226858", "text": "Wallace wrote subsequent novels and biographies, but \"Ben-Hur\" remained his most important work. Wallace considered \"The Prince of India; or, Why Constantinople Fell\" (1893) as his best novel. He also wrote a biography of President Benjamin Harrison, a fellow Hoosier and Civil War general, and \"The Wooing of Malkatoon\" (1898), a narrative poem. Wallace was writing his autobiography when he died in 1905. His wife Susan completed it with the assistance of Mary Hannah Krout, another author from Crawfordsville. It was published posthumously in 1906. Wallace continued to write after his return from Turkey. He also patented several of his", "title": "Lew Wallace" }, { "id": "545136", "score": "1.7200797", "text": "several books, Wallace is best known for his historical adventure story, \"\" (1880), which established his fame as an author. In 1843, Wallace began writing his first novel, \"The Fair God\", but it was not published until 1873. The popular historical novel, with Cortez's conquest of Mexico as its central theme, was based on William H. Prescott's \"History of the Conquest of Mexico\". Wallace's book sold seven thousand copies in its first year. Its sales continued to rise after Wallace's reputation as an author was established with the publication of subsequent novels. Wallace wrote the manuscript for \"Ben-Hur\", his second", "title": "Lew Wallace" }, { "id": "11320500", "score": "1.712132", "text": "Fighting Channings\" by Louis Joseph Vance. Jacques Jaccard directed scenes in California while Leopold Wharton and Theodore Wharton directed from Ithaca, New York. Following the serial's release Edgar Wallace was commissioned to write a 15-part \"novel\" for The News of the World newspaper, which published the first weekly instalment on 9 December 1917. The production was investigated by a Senate committee as German propaganda after World War I. A German propagandist, whose articles had appeared in Hearst newspapers, had written a letter to Franz von Papen explaining the scheme to use a motion picture to deprecate Japan. Captain G. C.", "title": "Patria (serial)" }, { "id": "6963741", "score": "1.6916382", "text": "Films based on works by Edgar Wallace Edgar Wallace (1875–1932) was a British novelist and playwright and screenwriter whose works have been adapted for the screen on many occasions. His works were adapted for the screen as early as 1915, and continued to be adapted by British filmmakers into the 1940s. In 1960, Anglo-Amalgamated began to release a series of 47 second featuers entitled \"Edgar Wallace Mysteries\" which continued until 1965. This was a series of British second features, produced at Merton Park Studios for the Anglo-Amalgamated production company. There were 47 films in the series, all released between 1960", "title": "Films based on works by Edgar Wallace" }, { "id": "17927925", "score": "1.6894777", "text": "time) and the more pluralistic society of 1950s America rather than the \"Christian superiority\" view of Wallace's novel. Wyler said that he tried to get Tunberg and Fry co-credit for writing the screenplay. Tunberg initially agreed, Wyler said, but then changed his mind when the Screen Writers' Guild routinely investigated the claim. According to Gore Vidal and film historian Gary Giddins, however, Wyler tried to get Fry an unshared credit for the screenplay. The dispute over who would receive screen credit quickly became a public one. According to \"The New York Times\", Vidal challenged the initial determination by the Screen", "title": "Production of Ben-Hur (1959 film)" }, { "id": "3048241", "score": "1.6756688", "text": "Wallechinsky and author Amy Wallace. Wallace began selling stories to magazines when he was a teenager. In the Second World War Wallace served in the Frank Capra unit in Fort Fox along with Theodor Seuss Geisel – better known as Dr. Seuss – and continued to write for magazines. He also served in the First Motion Picture Unit of the Army Air Force. Soon, however, Wallace turned to a more lucrative job as a Hollywood screenwriter. He collaborated on such films as \"The West Point Story\" (1950), \"Split Second\" (1953), \"Meet Me at the Fair\" (1953), and \"The Big Circus\"", "title": "Irving Wallace" }, { "id": "8478070", "score": "1.6695251", "text": "to me. After about a hundred and seventy-five pages or so, I just gave up. It was getting nowhere.\" It was published only as a limited edition of about three hundred copies, individually numbered and signed by the author. In 1968 \"To an Early Grave\" was adapted for the screen under the title \"Bye Bye Braverman\", directed by Sidney Lumet and starring George Segal and Jack Warden. Wallace Markfield Wallace Markfield (August 12, 1926 — May 24, 2002) was an American comic novelist best known for his first novel, \"To an Early Grave\" (1964), about four men who spend the", "title": "Wallace Markfield" }, { "id": "2620733", "score": "1.6643798", "text": "on an African river, mostly without love interest as this held no appeal for Wallace. His first 28 books and their film rights he sold outright, with no royalties, for quick money. Critic David Pringle noted in 1987: \"The \"Sanders\" Books are not frequently reprinted nowadays, perhaps because of their overt racism\". The period from 1908 to 1932 was the most prolific of Wallace's life. Initially, he wrote mainly in order to satisfy creditors in the UK and South Africa. However, his books' success began to rehabilitate his reputation as a journalist, and he began reporting from horse racing circles.", "title": "Edgar Wallace" }, { "id": "10151802", "score": "1.6628647", "text": "following three months of negotiations, Wallace entered into agreement with theatrical producers Marc Klaw and A. L. Erlanger to adapt his novel into a stage production. Wallace would receive two thirds of the royalties from the production, while Harper and Brothers, the book's publisher, would receive one third. Playwright William Young wrote the stage adaptation, reducing it to six acts in thirteen scenes. The stage version closely followed the novel's plot and retained portions of its dialog. Edgar Stillman Kelley composed the play's music, but it was its elaborate staging and special effects that created a life-sized visual presentation of", "title": "Ben-Hur (play)" }, { "id": "6051996", "score": "1.6556029", "text": "of film studios before it had been published. His novels \"Island in the Sky\" and \"The High and the Mighty\" had just been filmed with John Wayne and Wayne became interested in purchasing the film rights. However, film rights went to 20th Century Fox, who had a deal with Clark Gable, and Gable asked them to buy the novel as a vehicle for him. Buddy Adler was assigned to produce, Edward Dmyrtryk to direct and Gann to write the script. The novel was published in October 1954. Susan Hayward signed to play the female lead. The film was set mostly", "title": "Soldier of Fortune (1955 film)" } ]

[ "pirandello", "Pirandello", "luigi pirandello", "Luigi Pirandello" ]

[ { "id": "257361", "score": "1.8391263", "text": "perhaps greatest novel, \"Uno, Nessuno e Centomila\" (\"One, No one and One Hundred Thousand\"), was published serially in the magazine \"Fiera Letteraria\". Pirandello was nominated Academic of Italy in 1929, and in 1934 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature after he had been nominated by Guglielmo Marconi, member of the Royal Academy of Italy. He was the last Italian playwright to be chosen for the award until 9 October 1997. Pirandello died alone in his home at Via Bosio, Rome, on 10 December 1936. Nearly all of Pirandello's plays were translated into English by the actor Robert Rietti.", "title": "Luigi Pirandello" }, { "id": "257355", "score": "1.7833061", "text": "published from 1913 to 1914 and are all now considered classics of Italian literature. As Italy entered the First World War, Pirandello's son Stefano volunteered for service and was taken prisoner by the Austro-Hungarians. In 1916 the actor Angelo Musco successfully recited the three-act comedy that the writer had extracted from the novella \"Pensaci, Giacomino!\" and the \"pastoral\" comedy \"Liolà\". In 1917 the collection of novellas \"E domani Lunedì\" (\"And Tomorrow, Monday...\") was published, but the year was mostly marked by important theatrical representations: \"Così è (se vi pare)\" (\"Right you are (if you think so)\"), \"A birrita cu' i", "title": "Luigi Pirandello" }, { "id": "1501158", "score": "1.7809222", "text": "Fo had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming both the first Italian to be selected for the award since Eugenio Montale in 1975 and the first Italian playwright to be chosen since Luigi Pirandello in 1934. The Swedish Academy, in its citation, praised him as a writer \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\". Fo, driving along the Rome-Milan motorway at the time of the announcement, was alerted to the news when a car drew up alongside his with an enormous placard in the window exclaiming \"Dario,", "title": "Dario Fo" }, { "id": "8600707", "score": "1.7792034", "text": "Riccardo Bacchelli Riccardo Bacchelli (; 19 April 1891 – 8 October 1985) was an Italian writer. In 1927 he was one of the founders of the review \"La Ronda\" and Bagutta Prize for literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eight times. His first novel was \"Il filo meraviglioso di Lodovico Clo\"' (\"The wonderful thread of Lodovico Clo\"). Next was \"Lo sa il tonno\" (1923) . \"Il Diavolo al Pontelungo\" (1927) \"La città degli amanti\" (\"The City of Lovers\", 1929). His most popular work remain \"Il mulino del Po\" (\"The Mill on the Po\") (1938–1940), which covered", "title": "Riccardo Bacchelli" }, { "id": "16942949", "score": "1.7780156", "text": "\"Il gioco delle tre carte\" (2008, transl. \"Three-card Monte\", 2014), \"Il re dei giochi (The King of Games)\" (2010), \"La carta più alta (The Highest Card)\" (2012). Another novel of his, \"Odore di chiuso (The Scent of Must)\" (Sellerio, October 2011), a historical mystery with the renowned Romagna gastronomist Pellegrino Artusi as the amateur detective in 19th century Italy, was awarded the \"Isola d’Elba Award\" and the Castiglioncello Prize. This book was published in English under the title \"The Art of Killing Well\" (2014). In October 2011, Malvaldi also published a guidebook about his own hometown Pisa, with the title", "title": "Marco Malvaldi" }, { "id": "13377722", "score": "1.7572145", "text": "India at 25 years old, as a reader in Italian at the University of Allahabad from 1938 to 1946. His first recorded article is for the \"Calcutta Review\" in 1939. His subject was the dramas and stories of the great Italian author Luigi Pirandello, who had recently died two years after being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. He says “the people” in Italy had unfairly turned their backs on the intellectual Pirandello as unrepresentative of the times (Petech 1939: 13) and as not speaking to their hearts (idem: 24). With the outbreak of World War II, as an Italian", "title": "Luciano Petech" }, { "id": "4708895", "score": "1.7448412", "text": "(\"Our Ancestors\", 1952–1959) and post-modernism in the novel \"Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore...\" (\"If on a Winter's Night a Traveller\", 1979). Carlo Emilio Gadda was the author of the experimental \"Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana\" (1957). Pier Paolo Pasolini was a controversial poet and novelist. Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa wrote only one novel, \"Il Gattopardo\" (\"The Leopard\", 1958), but it is one of the most famous in Italian literature; it deals with the life of a Sicilian nobleman in the 19th century. Leonardo Sciascia came to public attention with his novel \"Il giorno della civetta\" (\"The Day of", "title": "Italian literature" }, { "id": "257362", "score": "1.7364486", "text": "Pirandello's poetry was translated for the first time in 2016 by George Hochfield. Luigi Pirandello Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for \"his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre.\" Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd. Pirandello was born into an", "title": "Luigi Pirandello" }, { "id": "257335", "score": "1.730941", "text": "Luigi Pirandello Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for \"his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre.\" Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd. Pirandello was born into an upper-class family in the village of u Càvusu (Chaos), a poor suburb of", "title": "Luigi Pirandello" }, { "id": "10069323", "score": "1.7214651", "text": "(1947), \"Cronache di poveri amanti\" (1947) and \"Metello\" (1955). He died in Rome in 1991. Vasco Pratolini Vasco Pratolini (19 October 1913 – 12 January 1991) was an Italian writer of the 20th century. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times. Born in Florence, Pratolini worked at various jobs before entering the literary world thanks to his acquaintance with Elio Vittorini. In 1938 he founded, together with Alfonso Gatto, the magazine \"Campo di Marte\". His work is based on firm political principles and much of it is rooted in the ordinary life and sentiments of ordinary,", "title": "Vasco Pratolini" }, { "id": "4112844", "score": "1.7199767", "text": "Moravia as an author; the Fascist regime prohibited reviews of \"Le ambizioni sbagliate\" (1935), seized his novel \"La mascherata\" (\"Masquerade\", 1941) and banned \"Agostino\" (\"Two Adolescents\", 1941). In 1935 he traveled to the United States to give a lecture series on Italian literature. \"L'imbroglio\" (\"The Cheat\") was published by Bompiani in 1937. To avoid Fascist censorship, Moravia wrote mainly in the surrealist and allegoric styles; among the works is \"Il sogno del pigro\" (\"The Dream of the Lazy\"). The Fascist seizure of the second edition of \"La mascherata\" in 1941, forced him to write under a pseudonym. That same year,", "title": "Alberto Moravia" }, { "id": "4112843", "score": "1.7199281", "text": "al circolo del tennis\" (\"Crime at the Tennis Club\", 1928), \"Il ladro curioso\" (\"The Curious Thief\") and \"Apparizione\" (\"Apparition\", both 1929). \"Gli indifferenti\" was published at his own expense, costing 5,000 Italian lira. Literary critics described the novel as a noteworthy example of contemporary Italian narrative fiction. The next year, Moravia started collaborating with the newspaper \"La Stampa\", then edited by author Curzio Malaparte. In 1933, together with Mario Pannunzio, he founded the literary review magazines \"Caratteri\" (\"Characters\") and \"Oggi\" (\"Today\") and started writing for the newspaper \"Gazzetta del Popolo\". The years leading to World War II were difficult for", "title": "Alberto Moravia" }, { "id": "10059581", "score": "1.7198076", "text": "and writer Carlo Levi and journalist Giacomo Debenedetti, who were his seniors. He later studied History of Art at the University of Rome. He started publishing novels in 1929. He achieved the widest notice with \"America primo amore\", published in 1935, a memoir of the time he spent teaching at Columbia University. He won literary awards for his work, most notably the Strega Prize for \"Lettere da Capri\" in 1954. Also interested in film, Soldati began directing in 1938. His most well-known films are \"Piccolo mondo antico\" (1941) and \"Malombra\" (1942) with Isa Miranda, both based on novels by Antonio", "title": "Mario Soldati" }, { "id": "7677952", "score": "1.7175431", "text": "\"The Prostitute\" and \"The Normal Woman\". In 1891-1894 Ferrero traveled extensively in Europe and in 1897 wrote \"The Young Europe\", a book which had a strong influence over James Joyce. After studying the history of Rome Ferrero turned to political essays and novels (\"Between Two Worlds\" in 1913, \"Speeches to the Deaf\" in 1925 and \"The Two Truths\" in 1933-1939). When the fascist reign of Black Shirts forced liberal intellectuals to leave Italy in 1925, Ferrero refused and was placed under house arrest. In 1929 Ferrero accepted a professorship at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. His last", "title": "Guglielmo Ferrero" }, { "id": "4654216", "score": "1.7138903", "text": "as \"Nel magma\" (1963); \"Dal fondo delle campagne\" (1965); \"Semiserie\" (1979), \"Reportage\" (1985). In 1978, with the book \"Al fuoco della controversia\", he won the Viareggio Prize (Premio Viareggio). He won the Aristeion Prize in 1991 for his work \"Frasi e Incisi di un Canto Salutare\"; in the same year he was proposed for the first time by the Accademia dei Lincei for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Ultimately never awarded, when asked for his thoughts by one reporter on his fellow countryman Dario Fo's 1997 success he slammed the phone down: \"I'll say only this. I've just about had", "title": "Mario Luzi" }, { "id": "16942951", "score": "1.7120861", "text": "2012, Malvaldi published a mystery thriller, \"Milioni di milioni (Millions of Millions)\" (2012), set in the fictional Tuscan town of Montesodi Marittimo, and with its main personages an odd couple of investigators — a university geneticist and a female archivist. In July 2013 he was awarded the Italian literary prize \"\"Premio letterario La Tore Isola d'Elba\"\". Malvaldi authored also books of popular science. His book \"Le due teste del tiranno. Metodi matematici per la libertà\" (namely, \"The Two Heads of the Tyrant. Mathematical Methods for the Freedom\") (2017) won the third edition (2018) of Premio Asimov (Asimov award) for the", "title": "Marco Malvaldi" }, { "id": "257354", "score": "1.709318", "text": "physically violent. In 1911, while the publication of novellas and short stories continued, Pirandello finished his fourth novel, \"Suo Marito\", republished posthumously (1941), and completely revised in the first four chapters, with the title \"Giustino Roncella nato Boggiòlo\". During his life the author never republished this novel for reasons of discretion; within are implicit references to the writer Grazia Deledda. But the work which absorbed most of his energies at this time was the collection of stories \"La Vendetta del Cane\", \"Quando s'è capito il giuoco\", \"Il treno ha fischiato\", \"Filo d'aria\" and \"Berecche e la guerra\". They were all", "title": "Luigi Pirandello" }, { "id": "12769958", "score": "1.7078867", "text": "in 1988 \"Tre amici\". This last phase of his writing career was also marked by several literary prizes. He received the Premio Pirandello on 10 December 1991 in Agrigento. The next day he died. Mario Tobino Mario Tobino (16 January 1910, Viareggio, Province of Lucca, Tuscany – 11 December 1991, Agrigento) was an Italian poet, writer and psychiatrist. A prolific writer, he began as a poet but later wrote mostly novels. His works are characterized by a strong autobiographical inspiration, and usually deal with social and psychological themes. Mario Tobino completed his degree in medicine in 1936, after which he", "title": "Mario Tobino" }, { "id": "7633816", "score": "1.7040395", "text": "works, and in 1929 was among the first members of the Royal Academy of Italy named by Mussolini. He died at the age of 75. Alfredo Panzini Alfredo Panzini (31 December 1863 – 10 April 1939) was an Italian novelist and lexicographer. Born in Senigallia, Panzini was a student of Giosuè Carducci at the University of Bologna. Panzini worked as a secondary school teacher before becoming a writer. Panzini is noted for the humorous and often genial tone of his writings. Among his many works, there are \"Libro dei Morti\" (1893), \"Santippe\" (1914), and \"Il diavolo nella mia libreria\" (1920).", "title": "Alfredo Panzini" }, { "id": "16526321", "score": "1.7007371", "text": "of authors such as Salvatore Niffoi, Alberto Capitta, Giorgio Todde, Michela Murgia and many others), which followed the works of individual prominent figures such as Grazia Deledda, Emilio Lussu, , Gavino Ledda, . The best novels of Angioni are considered to be (\"Flames of Toledo\"), \"Assandira\", \"Doppio cielo\" (\"Double sky\"), \"L'oro di Fraus\" (\"The gold of Fraus\"). His poetic works (\"Tempus\" in 2008, \"Oremari\" in 2011) in Sardinian language and Italian came later in his career. Giulio Angioni Giulio Angioni (28 October 1939 – 12 January 2017) was an Italian writer and anthropologist. Angioni was a leading Italian anthropologist, professor", "title": "Giulio Angioni" } ]

[ "It was the first baseball game to be televised in colour", "it was first baseball game to be televised in colour" ]

[ { "id": "11138184", "score": "1.7673646", "text": "NL Champion Brooklyn Dodgers. At the new County Stadium, the Braves drew a then-NL record The previous year in Boston, the home attendance for the season was The Braves moved from Boston to Milwaukee on March 18, 1953, less than four weeks before the start of the regular season, causing the National League to quickly realign its schedule. Before 1953, the NL was divided into four Eastern teams (Boston, Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia) and four \"Western\" ones (Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, St. Louis). With the Milwaukee Braves now a Western club, they exchanged 1953 schedules with the Pittsburgh Pirates, and opened", "title": "1953 Milwaukee Braves season" }, { "id": "13091613", "score": "1.6999488", "text": "innings as the Giants came back to win, 11–5. During the 1949–1950 offseason, he was to prove valuable to the Giants one final time when he was included in a blockbuster trade with the Braves on December 14. In that transaction, he accompanied Sid Gordon, Buddy Kerr and Willard Marshall to Boston in exchange for Alvin Dark and Eddie Stanky. Although the trade was initially seen as lop-sided in Boston's favor, it ultimately swung heavily in the other direction when shortstop Dark and second baseman Stanky were key pieces of the 1951 Giants who stormed back from a huge mid-August", "title": "Red Webb" }, { "id": "14910800", "score": "1.6939111", "text": "1951 National League tie-breaker series The 1951 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series at the conclusion of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1951 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1, 2, and 3, 1951, between the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 96–58. It is most famous for the walk-off home run hit by Bobby Thomson of the Giants in the deciding game, which has come to be known as baseball's \"Shot", "title": "1951 National League tie-breaker series" }, { "id": "10833482", "score": "1.6877961", "text": "the more famous episodes in major league baseball history, and possibly one of the greatest moments in sports history, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" is the name given to Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run that clinched the National League pennant for the New York Giants over their rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers. This game was the third of a three-game playoff series resulting from one of baseball's most memorable pennant races. The Giants had been thirteen and a half games behind the league-leading Dodgers in August, but under Durocher's guidance and with the aid of a sixteen-game winning streak, caught", "title": "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season" }, { "id": "3330542", "score": "1.6736207", "text": "after opening Braves Field, Gaffney had sold the Braves, but kept Braves Field. Gaffney and his heirs then leased the stadium out to Braves owners until 1949, when his heirs sold it back to the Braves for approx. $750,000. On Sunday, September 21, 1952, the Brooklyn Dodgers defeated the Braves, 8–2, before 8,822 fans in the final Major League game at Braves Field. Roy Campanella hit the last home run to help Joe Black defeat a Braves team with 20 year-old rookie Eddie Mathews hitting 3rd. After purchasing the Braves from Bob Quinn in 1945, owner Lou Perini, citing low", "title": "Braves Field" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1951 in American television\n\nThis is a list of American television-related events in 1951.\n\n", "title": "1951 in American television" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1951 in television\n\nThe year 1951 in television involved some significant events.\nBelow is a list of television-related events during 1951.\n\n\nThe Honeymooners also began in 1951\n", "title": "1951 in television" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season\n\nThe 1951 Philadelphia Phillies finished in fifth place. The team had won the 1950 National League pennant but in the United Press' annual preseason poll of sportswriters, only 18 out of 168 writers picked the team to repeat as pennant winners; the Giants received 81 votes and the Dodgers 55. Those two teams wound up tied, with the Phillies 23 games behind.\n", "title": "1951 Philadelphia Phillies season" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Baseball telecasts technology\n\nThe following is a chronological list of the technological advancements of Major League Baseball television broadcasts:\nSection::::1930s and 1940s.\n", "title": "Baseball telecasts technology" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Brooklyn Dodgers\n\nThe Brooklyn Dodgers were a Major League Baseball team founded in 1884 as a member of the American Association before joining the National League in 1890. They remained in Brooklyn until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles, California, where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team moved west at the same time as its longtime rival, the New York Giants, relocated to San Francisco in northern California as the San Francisco Giants.\n\nThe team's name derived from the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the city's trolley streetcars. The name is a shortened form of their old name, the Brooklyn \"Trolley\" Dodgers. The Dodgers played in two stadiums in South Brooklyn, each named Washington Park, and at Eastern Park in the neighborhood of Brownsville before moving to Ebbets Field in the neighborhood of Crown Heights in 1912. The team is noted for signing Jackie Robinson in 1947 as the first black player in the modern major leagues.", "title": "Brooklyn Dodgers" }, { "id": "741483", "score": "1.6665635", "text": "city at that time. Four days later, on November 12, both sides met (without Johnson) and agreed to restore the two leagues and replace the ineffective National Commission with a one-man Commissioner in the person of federal Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. The National League circuit remained unchanged from 1900 through 1952. In 1953 the Braves moved from Boston to Milwaukee; in 1966 they moved again, to Atlanta. In 1958 the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants moved to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively, bringing major league baseball to the West Coast of the U.S. for the first time.", "title": "National League" }, { "id": "2344508", "score": "1.6640697", "text": "had gone 8-0 in twelve days' time. That year, the Boston Braves won their second and last National League pennant of the post-1901 era, but fell in six games to the Cleveland Indians in the 1948 World Series. Sain won the first game of the Series, a 1-0 shutout at Braves Field that included a memorable play in which Boston catcher Phil Masi was called safe after an apparent pickoff at second base. Masi went on to score the game's only run. With the Yankees, Sain became a relief pitcher and enjoyed late-career success, leading the American League in saves", "title": "Johnny Sain" }, { "id": "5498620", "score": "1.6637819", "text": "place early in the season, while the New York Giants — led since July 16, 1948, by Durocher himself — struggled (despite the callup of the 20-year-old rookie Willie Mays). When the Dodgers completed a three-game sweep of the Giants at Ebbets Field on August 10, the Brooklyn lead over the Giants reached 12½ games. Dressen proclaimed, \"The Giants is dead\". The following day, when Brooklyn won the first game of a doubleheader against the Boston Braves and the Giants fell to the Philadelphia Phillies, the Dodger lead stood, albeit briefly, at 13½ games. However, the Giants then began to", "title": "Chuck Dressen" }, { "id": "14863579", "score": "1.6636374", "text": "on August 22, after winning both games of a doubleheader against the Philadelphia Phillies, the clubs were tied, 71–45. After the Dodgers had led the league most of the season, the Cardinals were in first place most of September. On September 29, St. Louis and Brooklyn were again tied with just one game left to play against the Chicago Cubs and Boston Braves, respectively. The Cardinals lost to the Cubs, 8–3, while the Dodgers lost to the Braves, 4–0, and as a result the two teams were placed in a best-of-three playoff series to determine who would face the Boston", "title": "1946 National League tie-breaker series" }, { "id": "11145805", "score": "1.6619654", "text": "July 30. On Thursday August 4 Atlanta routed the San Francisco Giants 8-1 to raise their record to 67-42. It was the first time since coming to Atlanta in 1966 that the Braves were 25 games above the .500 mark. The Braves also had a 6 1/2 game lead. However, on Friday and Saturday the Dodgers beat Atlanta 2-1 and 4-2 to reduce the lead to 4 1/2. The Braves salvaged the final game of the series with a 5-2 win on Sunday upping their lead back to 5 1/2 games. The Braves were 71-46 on Saturday, August 13 after", "title": "1983 Atlanta Braves season" }, { "id": "11138106", "score": "1.6568538", "text": "Braves Field, the third-largest gate in the National League and a high-water mark for the team's stay in Boston. The 1948 pennant was the fourth National League championship in seven years for Braves' manager Billy Southworth, who had won three NL titles (1942–44, inclusive) and two World Series championships (1942 and 1944) with the Cardinals. Southworth would be posthumously elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager in 2008. However, the Braves fell in six games to the Cleveland Indians in the 1948 World Series, and would experience a swift decline in both on-field success and popularity over", "title": "1948 Boston Braves season" }, { "id": "16016189", "score": "1.656415", "text": "in the verse.) The Braves lost the 1948 World Series in six games to the Indians (who had beaten the Red Sox in a one-game playoff to spoil an all-Boston World Series). This turned out to be the Braves' last hurrah in Boston. Acquired earlier by trade from the Brooklyn Dodgers, on April 18, 1950, Sam \"Jet\" Jethroe was added to the Boston Braves roster. The Dodgers had another young CF in Duke Snider rising in their system, resulting in the trade to the Braves. Going on to be named National League Rookie of the Year at age 32, Jethroe", "title": "History of the Boston Braves" }, { "id": "22868", "score": "1.6517134", "text": "4, 1914, the Braves lost both games of a doubleheader to the Brooklyn Dodgers. The consecutive losses put their record at 26–40 and the Braves were in last place, \"15 games\" behind the league-leading New York Giants, who had won the previous three league pennants. After a day off, the Braves started to put together a hot streak, and from July 6 through September 5, the Braves went 41–12. On September 7 and 8, the Braves took two of three games from the New York Giants and moved into first place. The Braves tore through September and early October, closing", "title": "Atlanta Braves" }, { "id": "16016178", "score": "1.6375486", "text": "City's political machine, Tammany Hall, which used an Indian chief as their symbol. Two years later, the Braves put together one of the most memorable seasons in baseball history. After a dismal 4-18 start, the Braves seemed to be on pace for a last place finish. On July 4, 1914, the Braves lost both games of a doubleheader to the Brooklyn Dodgers. The consecutive losses put their record at 26-40 and the Braves were in last place, 15 games behind the league-leading New York Giants, who had won the previous three league pennants. After a day off, the Braves started", "title": "History of the Boston Braves" }, { "id": "10835579", "score": "1.6370625", "text": "the NL and World Series Champion Milwaukee Braves. During the season, the Dodgers played eight home games at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey, as part of owner Walter O'Malley's continued attempts to pressure Brooklyn to allow him to build a new stadium in his preferred location at Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues. On July 20, 1957: Duke Snider hit the 300th home run of his career. The opposing pitcher was Dick Drott. Danny McDevitt was the last pitcher to pitch for the Brooklyn Dodgers in a game at Ebbets Field. The game was contested on September 24, 1957, and", "title": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season" }, { "id": "11138107", "score": "1.63606", "text": "the next four seasons. Attendance woes—the Braves would draw only 281,278 home fans in —forced the team's relocation to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in March 1953. (It later moved to Atlanta in .) After playing .500 baseball in April and May 1948, the Braves vaulted into first place on the strength of a 39–21 record during June and July. Hampered by second baseman Eddie Stanky's broken ankle and center fielder Jim Russell's season-ending illness, the club slumped slightly in August, going only 14–17 and falling out of the lead August 29. But then it righted itself to win 21 of its final", "title": "1948 Boston Braves season" }, { "id": "14942638", "score": "1.6322505", "text": "the three, posting a combined 26–18 record against the other two before the tie-breaker. However, the Dodgers spent just 21 days with at least a share of the lead while the Braves and Giants each led the league for 86 days. With eight games remaining on Friday morning, September 18, the Giants were at with a two-game lead over the Dodgers However, the visiting Dodgers swept the next three games at including a Saturday doubleheader which the \"Los Angeles Times\" described as a \"breeze\" for Los Angeles. Giants' starting pitcher Sam Jones threw a no-hitter on Saturday, September 26, which", "title": "1959 National League tie-breaker series" }, { "id": "5356138", "score": "1.6295289", "text": "and immediately led the Braves into the first division. Talented pitchers Johnny Sain and Warren Spahn had both returned from service in World War II that year. In , the Braves won their second NL pennant of the 20th century—and Boston's last National League title—but were defeated in six games by the Cleveland Indians in the 1948 World Series. In that World Series, all of the games were close except for one, when the Braves beat pitcher Bob Feller by a score of 11-5. Author John Rossi writes that Sain lost some respect for Southworth after the manager said the", "title": "Billy Southworth" }, { "id": "13923096", "score": "1.6291866", "text": "had previously hosted fifteen years earlier in 1938. This game was originally scheduled for Braves Field in Boston, which had hosted in 1936. When the Braves relocated to Milwaukee in mid-March, the game was awarded to Cincinnati. From 1949 through 1952, manager Casey Stengel had taken the New York Yankees to four consecutive World Series titles, but this time turned on his fourth defeat in a row at the helm of the American League team. Robin Roberts (NL) and Billy Pierce (AL) found themselves in a pitching duel during three innings of one-hit shutout ball, but they were not a", "title": "1953 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "id": "12501442", "score": "1.628746", "text": "Boston win its last National League pennant. In his only starting assignment, on July 8 against the Brooklyn Dodgers, he pitched ineffectively and lasted only two innings, but the Braves came back to win the contest, 7–4. He did not appear in the 1948 World Series. During his tenure with the Braves, Hogue learned to throw the knuckleball, which became an effective pitch in his repertoire. Three seasons later, Hogue bounced from the Braves to the second division St. Louis Browns of the American League to the powerhouse Yankees' Triple-A Kansas City Blues into mid-August. But on August 20, 1951,", "title": "Bobby Hogue" } ]

[ "longest survived fall in elevator", "The longest survived fall in an elevator" ]

[ { "id": "3402360", "score": "1.5404389", "text": "a scuffle ensued that involved Anquetil's manager, Raphaël Géminiani. In 1968, Ole Ritter broke the record in Mexico City, the first attempt at altitude since Willie Hamilton in 1898. The women's hour record was first established in 1893 by Mlle de Saint-Sauveur at the Vélodrome Buffalo in Paris, setting a total distance of . The record was improved several times over the next years, until Louise Roger reached in 1897 also at Vélodrome Buffalo. In 1911, Alfonsina Strada set a new women's record of . From 1947 to 1954, Élyane Bonneau and Jeannine Lemaire set several new hour records, the", "title": "Hour record" }, { "id": "794665", "score": "1.5394945", "text": "break the world record in May 1944. At the same meet, she ran with the relay team that broke the 4 × world record. The German press was excited, as the previous record had been set by an English team. Months later, she helped break the 4 × 200 m record, which was held by Germany. In an act of defiance, the women wore outfits with national symbols while setting the record. The winter of 1944–45, known as the \"Hongerwinter\" (hunger winter), was severe, and there was a great lack of food, especially in the big cities. She gave birth", "title": "Fanny Blankers-Koen" }, { "id": "11592001", "score": "1.5275829", "text": "Australian State Amateur Athletic Championships at Leederville Oval with a time of 2 minutes 24.7 seconds, 1/9 second inside the old world record that was set by Mary Lines in 1922. On 8 February 1947 she broke the record again by 0.5 second during an inter-club championship at Leederville Oval. The Australian record stood until 13 December 1947 when broken by Kit Mears at the Victorian State Championships. On 13 April 1940 Judge broke the world 300 metres record at the Women's Pageant of Sport at the WACA with a time of 39.9 seconds, 0.1 second inside the world record.", "title": "Betty Judge" }, { "id": "14841813", "score": "1.526598", "text": "or bits more than once every four hours. His performance, which was shown live on the internet television service \"VGTV\", had more than 1 million online viewers, as well as several thousand people in the audience during the 38-hour show. On August 20, at 12:07 UTC, Hansen officially beat the record, and continued his performance for an additional seven minutes, setting the new world record at 38 hrs and 14 minutes. When it became clear that he had succeeded in beating the world record, several audiences members entered the stage to present him with flowers and champagne. He was praised", "title": "Hans Morten Hansen" }, { "id": "4831786", "score": "1.5188489", "text": "Ohio. On August 17, 1988, aged 24 years and 70 days, he set a 400-meter world record with 43.29 seconds, smashing Lee Evans' nearly 20-year-old 1968 world record by 0.57 seconds. Reynolds' record had negative splits, meaning that the second half of the race was completed more quickly than the first half, and was the first time anyone had set a world record for the men's 400 metres with negative splits. His splits were 21.9 seconds for the opening 200 metres and 21.4 seconds for the closing 200 metres, giving a differential of -0.5 seconds. This record stood for 11", "title": "Butch Reynolds" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash\n\nOn July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber of the United States Army Air Forces crashed into the Empire State Building in New York City, while flying in thick fog. The accident caused the deaths of fourteen people (three crewmen and eleven people in the building) and damage estimated at (equivalent to about $ million in ), although the building's structural integrity was not compromised.", "title": "1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Empire State Building\n\nThe Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and built from 1930 to 1931. Its name is derived from \"Empire State\", the nickname of the state of New York. The building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. The Empire State Building was the world's tallest building until the World Trade Center was constructed in 1970; following the collapse of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building was New York City's tallest building until it was surpassed in 2012. , the building is the seventh-tallest building in New York City, the ninth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States, the 54th-tallest in the world, and the sixth-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.\n\nThe site of the Empire State Building, in Midtown South on the west side of Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets, was developed in 1893 as the Waldorf–Astoria Hotel. In 1929, Empire State Inc. acquired the site and devised plans for a skyscraper there. The design for the Empire State Building was changed fifteen times until it was ensured to be the world's tallest building. Construction started on March 17, 1930, and the building opened thirteen and a half months afterward on May 1, 1931. Despite favorable publicity related to the building's construction, because of the Great Depression and World War II, its owners did not make a profit until the early 1950s.\n\nThe building's Art Deco architecture, height, and observation decks have made it a popular attraction. Around four million tourists from around the world annually visit the building's 86th- and 102nd-floor observatories; an additional indoor observatory on the 80th floor opened in 2019. The Empire State Building is an international cultural icon: it has been featured in more than 250 television series and films since the film \"King Kong\" was released in 1933. The building's size has become the global standard of reference to describe the height and length of other structures. A symbol of New York City, the building has been named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It was ranked first on the American Institute of Architects' List of America's Favorite Architecture in 2007. Additionally, the Empire State Building and its ground-floor interior were designated city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1980, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "id": "20488438", "score": "1.5069913", "text": "breathing. After falling a number of times she collapsed unconscious after completing . Following this failure Anderson went to the press and claimed she would ‘never take on another event she would not finish’. She completed 1,344 quarter-miles in the same number of quarter-hours in Plymouth and every hour for 28 days in Boston before attempting to equal Gale's record of in 1,000 hours. Anderson started the event on 8 April 1878 and completed the event on 20 May 1878. Two days later, she got married for the second time to William Paley, a theatre man. After completing three more", "title": "Ada Anderson" }, { "id": "13962919", "score": "1.5061235", "text": "division. She drove the jump boat, \"L’il Miss Dodge\", in a movie stunt above a 1955 Custom Royal Lancer at Cypress Gardens in Florida. During that time, she also tried skydiving. The National Aviation Hall of Fame reports, \"Betty earned a total of four Feminine World Land Speed Records and set a transcontinental speed record.\" She competed in races across the Andes mountains in South America and drove the length of the Baja Peninsula in Mexico. She set records at the Chelsea Proving Grounds and was the first woman to drive a jet car over at the Bonneville Salt Flats.", "title": "Betty Skelton" }, { "id": "20413940", "score": "1.5004265", "text": "hour record of before returning to Victoria to set the record in 51 min 40 sec. 1939 culminated in riding over seven days for what was claimed as a women's world record, bettering the set by Joyce Barry in September 1938. Unthank was supported by another Malvern Star rider, Ossie Nicholson, who had set the world endurance record for distance in a calendar year in 1933, and 1937, as well as the Australian men's seven day record of in 1938. The seven day record was also sponsored by the Metropolitan Gas Company who supplied a \"modern gas kitchen\" to cook", "title": "Valda Unthank" }, { "id": "14238671", "score": "1.5004048", "text": "cutting 18.8 seconds off the old mark. Both records would survive until July 1964, almost two years later. <br> Carolyn House Carolyn House (born August 23, 1945) is an American former competition swimmer and former world record-holder in two events. At the age of 15, she competed in the preliminary heats of the 400-meter freestyle at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, clocking a time of 5:00.7. During a ten-day span in August 1962, she broke the world records in both the 800-meter and 1,500-meter freestyle events. On August 16, 1962, she set a new world record of 9:51.6 in", "title": "Carolyn House" }, { "id": "6187628", "score": "1.4987743", "text": "\"Let Women Fly!\" in the magazine \"Air Travel\", where she argued that success in aviation should prove a woman's fitness for work in that field. After the war, she continued to set records. After Raymonde de Laroche of France set a women's altitude record of nearly 13,000 feet (3,962 m) on 7 June 1919, She broke Laroches record on 10 June, flying to 14,700 feet (4,481 m). Laroche in turn, however, broke Olivers record on 12 June, flying to a height of 15,748 feet (4,800 m). She died on December 1, 1970, in San Francisco. Her brother was the parachutist", "title": "Ruth Law Oliver" }, { "id": "3967599", "score": "1.4961116", "text": "him in March 1947. (An Associated Press story dated May 23, 1947, reported that a judge granted the divorce \"yesterday\", which would have been May 22, 1947.) In 1938 Andre set a world's golfing record for women by shooting 156 holes of golf in 11 hours and 56 minutes on the Lake Norconian, California course. Her best round was 91 for 18 holes and her worst was 115. Her acting career greatly diminished during the 1940s, and she made her last film appearance in 1949 in \"Two Knights from Brooklyn\". After her film career ended she became a successful businesswoman", "title": "Lona Andre" }, { "id": "110331", "score": "1.4952692", "text": "without a skeg, which had yet to be invented. In his later career, he would often use smaller boards but always preferred those made of wood. On August 11, 1911, Kahanamoku was timed at 55.4 seconds in the freestyle, beating the existing world record by 4.6 seconds, in the salt water of Honolulu Harbor. He also broke the record in the and equaled it in the . But the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), in disbelief, would not recognize these feats until many years later. The AAU initially claimed that the judges must have been using alarm clocks rather than stopwatches", "title": "Duke Kahanamoku" }, { "id": "6187626", "score": "1.4937792", "text": "not once but twice, to the consternation of her husband, Charles Oliver. In the spring of 1916, she took part in an altitude competition, twice narrowly coming in second to male fliers. She was furious, determined to set a record that would stand against men as well as women. Her greatest feat took place on 19 November 1916, when she broke the existing cross-America flight air speed record of 452 miles (728 km) set by Victor Carlstrom by flying nonstop from Chicago to New York State, a distance of 590 miles (950 km). The next day she flew on to", "title": "Ruth Law Oliver" }, { "id": "11337925", "score": "1.4934072", "text": "Mediterranean Sea between Rome and Tripoli (1100 km in 6 hours and 10 minutes). In the same year, in the United States, in Sacramento, California, Braescu establishes an absolute world record, previously held by an American at 21,733 ft, by jumping successfully from 24,000 ft (7,200m). From then on, she becomes a heroine, being escorted by 30 other planes to an air show in Canada, where she is invited. She was in the medical wing during battles on the Eastern Front in World War II, remaining active until May 12, 1945. After World War II, she signed a document condemning", "title": "Smaranda Brăescu" }, { "id": "16860350", "score": "1.4929183", "text": "once held the world record in the 200 meters and 220 yard low hurdles, set as part of the 1935 multiple world record day that was called the most impressive athletic achievement since 1850.\" The last official world record holder in the event was Don Styron from Northeast Louisiana State University, whose 21.9 hand timed mark was set on April 2, 1960, in a dual meet against Louisiana State University. The mark has lasted ever since. Modern races use Fully Automatic Timing (FAT). The fastest FAT time recorded is now 22.30 (with a wind of -0.6 mps) set on May", "title": "Low hurdles" }, { "id": "7081520", "score": "1.4928126", "text": "or 276 hours from February 5-15, 1964 and the \"Guinness World Records\" record is 449 hours by Maureen Weston, of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, UK in April 1977 in a rocking-chair marathon. Because of the policy against maintaining this record, recent editions of \"Guinness\" do not provide any information about sleep deprivation. More recently, Tony Wright on May 25, 2007, was reported to have exceeded Randy Gardner's feat in the apparent belief that Gardner's record had not been beaten. He used 24-hour video for documentation. The Australian National Sleep Research Project states the record for sleep deprivation is 18 days, 21 hours,", "title": "Randy Gardner (record holder)" }, { "id": "13630607", "score": "1.4915357", "text": "elevator shaft and fallen to the bottom. The other two crewmen were burned beyond recognition. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver was injured when the cables supporting her elevator sheared and the elevator fell 75 storeys, ending up in the basement. Oliver managed to survive the fall and rescuers later found her amongst the rubble. It still stands as the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall. Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors on the following Monday. The crash spurred the passage of the long-pending Federal Tort Claims Act", "title": "1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash" }, { "id": "794664", "score": "1.4901197", "text": "she improved the high jump record by an unequalled 5 cm from 1.66 m to 1.71 m in a specially arranged competition in Amsterdam on 30 May. Then, she tied the 100 m world record, but this was never recognised officially, as she competed against men when setting the record. She closed out the season with a new world record in the long jump, 6.25 m on 19 September 1943. The latter record would stand until 1954. Circumstances were not easy, and it became harder to get enough food, especially for an athlete in training. Despite this, Blankers-Koen managed to", "title": "Fanny Blankers-Koen" }, { "id": "3402361", "score": "1.488873", "text": "last of which was by Lemaire in 1952. The first women's hour record approved by the UCI was by Tamara Novikova in 1955. In 1972, Eddy Merckx set a new hour record at in Mexico City at an altitude of where he proclaimed it to have been \"the hardest ride I have ever done\". The record would stand for 12 years until in January 1984, Francesco Moser set a new record at . This was the first noted use of disc wheels, which provided an aerodynamic gain as well as Moser wearing a skin suit. Moser's record would eventually be", "title": "Hour record" }, { "id": "18050478", "score": "1.4835522", "text": "days into her attempt, Coker passed Fleming's record . Coker then went on to set the Guinness overall record (male or female) on 15 May 2017 when she finished with 86,573.2 miles (139,326.34 km). Billie Fleming Billie Fleming, known at the time as Billie Dovey (13 April 1914 – 12 May 2014), was a long distance cyclist who set the woman's record for greatest distance cycled in a year in 1938 at . At the time of her death in 2014 she continued to receive letters from people saying how much she inspired them to cycle; her record still stood", "title": "Billie Fleming" } ]

[ "communicating hydrocephalus", "hydrocephalus obstructive", "Communicating hydrocephalus", "hydrocephalus", "hydrocephalic", "Non-communicating hydrocephalus", "hydrocephallus", "Hydrocephalia", "hydrocephalous", "Hydrocephalus", "Hydrocephaly", "hydrocephaly", "hydrocaphlus", "non communicating hydrocephalus", "water in brain", "hydroencephalitis", "Hydrocephallus", "water on brain", "Water in the brain", "Congenital hydrocephalus", "Hydrocephalic", "congenital hydrocephalus", "Hydroencephalitis", "Water on the brain", "hydrocephalia", "Hydrocephlas", "Hydrocephalus, obstructive", "hydrocephlas", "obstructive hydrocephalus", "Hydrocaphlus", "Hydrocephalous", "Obstructive hydrocephalus" ]

[ { "id": "1643095", "score": "1.8563299", "text": "1881, a few years after the landmark study of Retzius and Key, Carl Wernicke pioneered sterile ventricular puncture and external drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for the treatment of hydrocephalus. It remained an intractable condition until the 20th century, when cerebral shunt and other neurosurgical treatment modalities were developed. It is a lesser-known medical condition; relatively little research is conducted to improve treatment, and still no cure has been found. In developing countries, the condition often goes untreated at birth. Before birth, the condition is difficult to diagnose, and access to medical treatment is limited. However, when head swelling is prominent,", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643073", "score": "1.8167595", "text": "Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. In babies, it may be seen as a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting, sleepiness, seizures, and downward pointing of the eyes. Hydrocephalus can occur due to birth defects or be acquired later in life. Associated birth defects include neural tube defects and those that result in aqueductal stenosis. Other causes include meningitis, brain tumors,", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643087", "score": "1.7839293", "text": "may block the return of CSF to the circulation. This should be distinguished from external hydrocephalus. This is a condition generally seen in infants and involving enlarged fluid spaces or subarachnoid spaces around the outside of the brain. This is generally a benign condition that resolves spontaneously by 2 years of age. Imaging studies and a good medical history can help to differentiate external hydrocephalus from subdural hemorrhages or symptomatic chronic extra-axial fluid collections which are accompanied by vomiting, headaches, and seizures. Hydrocephalus treatment is surgical, creating a way for the excess fluid to drain away. In the short term,", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "3883910", "score": "1.7802906", "text": "Normal pressure hydrocephalus Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called communicating hydrocephalus and malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs in the ventricles, and with normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. As the fluid builds up, it causes the ventricles to enlarge and the pressure inside the head to increase, compressing surrounding brain tissue and leading to neurological complications. The disease presents in a classic triad of symptoms, which are urinary incontinence, dementia, and gait disturbance. The disease was first described by Hakim and Adams in 1963. The treatment is surgical placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt", "title": "Normal pressure hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643099", "score": "1.7305574", "text": "pediatric brain-defect specialist at the National Human Genome Research Institute. \"If something happens very slowly over quite some time, maybe over decades, the different parts of the brain take up functions that would normally be done by the part that is pushed to the side.\" Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. In babies, it may be seen as a rapid increase in head size. Other", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hydrocephalus\n\nHydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. In babies, it may be seen as a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting, sleepiness, seizures, and downward pointing of the eyes.<ref name=NIH2016/>\nHydrocephalus can occur due to birth defects or be acquired later in life. Other causes include meningitis, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The four types of hydrocephalus are communicating, noncommunicating, \"ex vacuo\", and normal pressure. Diagnosis is typically made by physical examination and medical imaging.<ref name=NIH2016/>\nHydrocephalus is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system.<ref name=NIH2016/> A procedure called a third ventriculostomy is an option in some people.<ref name=NIH2016/> Complications from shunts may include overdrainage, underdrainage, mechanical failure, infection, or obstruction.<ref name=NIH2016/> This may require replacement.<ref name=NIH2016/> Outcomes are variable, but many people with shunts live normal lives.<ref name=NIH2016/> Without treatment, death or permanent disability may occur.<ref name=NIH2016/>\nAbout one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. Rates in the developing world may be higher. Description of hydrocephalus by Hippocrates dates back more than 2,000 years. The word \"hydrocephalus\" is from the Greek , meaning 'water' and , meaning 'head'.", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cerebral edema\n\nCerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. This typically causes impaired nerve function, increased pressure within the skull, and can eventually lead to direct compression of brain tissue and blood vessels.<ref name=\":Leinonen2018\" /> Symptoms vary based on the location and extent of edema and generally include headaches, nausea, vomiting, seizures, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, and in severe cases, coma and death.<ref name=\":Leinonen2018\" />\nCerebral edema is commonly seen in a variety of brain injuries including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, subdural, epidural, or intracerebral hematoma, hydrocephalus, brain cancer, brain infections, low blood sodium levels, high altitude, and acute liver failure. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and physical examination findings and confirmed by serial neuroimaging (computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging).<ref name=\"pmid176132302\"/>\nThe treatment of cerebral edema depends on the cause and includes monitoring of the person's airway and intracranial pressure, proper positioning, controlled hyperventilation, medications, fluid management, steroids. Extensive cerebral edema can also be treated surgically with a decompressive craniectomy.\nAs cerebral edema is present with many common cerebral pathologies, the epidemiology of the disease is not easily defined.", "title": "Cerebral edema" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of dog diseases\n\nThis list of dog diseases is a selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog. Some of these diseases are unique to dogs or closely related species, while others are found in other animals, including humans. Not all of the articles listed here contain information specific to dogs. Articles with non-dog information are marked with an asterisk (*).\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n)</ref> It is possible not to see any symptoms of the disease until the adrenal cortex is 90% dysfunctional. Addison's can occur when regular steroid use is abruptly discontinued; during their use, the system the adrenal gland does not function at 100%. The system senses sufficient levels of these hormones in the body and does not signal for their production. Tapering the medication off gradually allows them to return to full production after discontinuation. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of dog diseases" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Medical ultrasound" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Short descriptions/wd/diseases" }, { "id": "1643081", "score": "1.7173141", "text": "The head becomes so enlarged that they eventually may be bedridden. About 80–90% of fetuses or newborn infants with spina bifida—often associated with meningocele or myelomeningocele—develop hydrocephalus. This condition is acquired as a consequence of CNS infections, meningitis, brain tumors, head trauma, toxoplasmosis, or intracranial hemorrhage (subarachnoid or intraparenchymal), and is usually painful. The cause of hydrocephalus is not known with certainty and is probably multifactorial. It may be caused by impaired CSF flow, reabsorption, or excessive CSF production. Based on its underlying mechanisms, hydrocephalus can be classified into communicating and noncommunicating (obstructive). Both forms can be either congenital or", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "94112", "score": "1.706288", "text": "ventricles of the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur because of obstruction of the passage of CSF, such as from an infection, injury, mass, or congenital abnormality. Hydrocephalus without obstruction associated with normal CSF pressure may also occur. Symptoms can include problems with gait and coordination, urinary incontinence, nausea and vomiting, and progressively impaired thinking. In infants, hydrocephalus can cause an enlarged head, as the bones of the skull have not yet fused, seizures, irritability and drowsiness. A CT scan or MRI scan may reveal enlargement of one or both lateral ventricles, or causative masses or lesions, and lumbar puncture may be", "title": "Cerebrospinal fluid" }, { "id": "1643074", "score": "1.6907883", "text": "traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The four types of hydrocephalus are communicating, noncommunicating, \"ex vacuo\", and normal pressure. Diagnosis is typically made by examination and medical imaging. Hydrocephalus is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system. A procedure called a third ventriculostomy may be an option in a few people. Complications from shunts may include overdrainage, underdrainage, mechanical failure, infection, or obstruction. This may require replacement. Outcomes are variable, but many people with shunts live normal lives. Without treatment, death may occur. About one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. Rates in the", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1773762", "score": "1.68836", "text": "hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles or in the subarachnoid space over the brain. The increased pressure due to this condition dilates occipital horns causing colpocephaly. The most generally accepted theory is that of neuronal migration disorders occurring during the second to fifth months of fetal life. Neuronal migration disorders are caused by abnormal migration, proliferation, and organization of neurons during early brain development. During the seventh week of gestation, neurons start proliferating in the germinal matrix which is located in the subependymal layer of the walls of the lateral ventricles. During the eighth", "title": "Colpocephaly" }, { "id": "1957830", "score": "1.6814709", "text": "hydrocephalus, but is often referred to colloquially by the layperson as \"water on the brain\". This is an extremely serious condition regardless of the cause of blockage. An endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle using an endoscope placed within the ventricular system through a burr hole. This allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby bypassing any obstruction. A surgical procedure to make an entry hole to access any of the ventricles is called a ventriculostomy. This", "title": "Ventricular system" }, { "id": "1773783", "score": "1.679935", "text": "maternal infection, pharmaceutical intake, or even exposure to high levels of radiation. This should not be confused with hydrocephalus, which is an accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. In hemihydranencephaly, only half of the cranial cavity is filled with fluid. Usually the cerebellum and brain stem are formed normally, although in some cases the cerebellum may also be absent. An infant with hydranencephaly may appear normal at birth or may have some distortion of the skull and upper facial features due to fluid pressure inside the skull. The infant's head size and spontaneous reflexes such", "title": "Hydranencephaly" }, { "id": "1643084", "score": "1.677892", "text": "accumulating fluid eventually may cause neurological symptoms such as convulsions, intellectual disability and epileptic seizures. These signs occur sooner in adults, whose skulls are no longer able to expand to accommodate the increasing fluid volume within. Fetuses, infants, and young children with hydrocephalus typically have an abnormally large head, excluding the face, because the pressure of the fluid causes the individual skull bones—which have yet to fuse—to bulge outward at their juncture points. Another medical sign, in infants, is a characteristic fixed downward gaze with whites of the eyes showing above the iris, as though the infant were trying to", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643086", "score": "1.673672", "text": "the nervous tissue usually results in irreversible brain damage. If the skull bones are not completely ossified when the hydrocephalus occurs, the pressure may also severely enlarge the head. The cerebral aqueduct may be blocked at the time of birth or may become blocked later in life because of a tumor growing in the brainstem. Hydrocephalus can be successfully treated by placing a drainage tube (shunt) between the brain ventricles and abdominal cavity. Some risk exists of infection being introduced into the brain through these shunts, however, and the shunts must be replaced as the person grows. A subarachnoid hemorrhage", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1773789", "score": "1.6684409", "text": "sometimes proves to provide a misdiagnosis of differential diagnoses including bilaterally symmetric schizencephaly (a less destructive developmental process on the brain), severe hydrocephalus (cerebrospinal fluid excess within the skull), and alobar holoprosencephaly (a neurological developmental anomaly). Once destruction of the brain is complete, the cerebellum, midbrain, thalami, basal ganglia, choroid plexus, and portions of the occipital lobes typically remain preserved to varying degrees. Though the cerebral cortex is absent, in most cases the fetal head remains enlarged due to the continued production by the choroid plexus of cerebrospinal fluid that is inadequately reabsorbed causing increased intracranial pressure. There is no", "title": "Hydranencephaly" }, { "id": "1643083", "score": "1.6578003", "text": "of CSF, causing diffuse ventricular dilatation. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, or obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by a CSF-flow obstruction. Hydrocephalus is usually due to blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow in the ventricles or in the subarachnoid space over the brain. In a person without hydrocephalus, CSF continuously circulates through the brain, its ventricles and the spinal cord and is continuously drained away into the circulatory system. Alternatively, the condition may result from an overproduction of the CSF, from a congenital malformation blocking normal drainage of the fluid, or from complications of head injuries or infections. Compression of the brain by the", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643097", "score": "1.6567838", "text": "fundraising activities. One exceptional case of hydrocephalus was a man whose brain shrank to a thin sheet of tissue, due to a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in his skull. As a child, the man had a shunt, but it was removed when he was 14. In July 2007, at age 44, he went to a hospital due to mild weakness in his left leg. When doctors learned of the man's medical history, they performed a CT scan and MRI scan, and were astonished to see \"massive enlargement\" of the lateral ventricles in the skull. Dr. Lionel Feuillet of Hôpital de", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643082", "score": "1.6421515", "text": "acquired. Communicating hydrocephalus, also known as nonobstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by impaired CSF reabsorption in the absence of any CSF-flow obstruction between the ventricles and subarachnoid space. This may be due to functional impairment of the arachnoidal granulations (also called arachnoid granulations or Pacchioni's granulations), which are located along the superior sagittal sinus, and is the site of CSF reabsorption back into the venous system. Various neurologic conditions may result in communicating hydrocephalus, including subarachnoid/intraventricular hemorrhage, meningitis, and congenital absence of arachnoid villi. Scarring and fibrosis of the subarachnoid space following infectious, inflammatory, or hemorrhagic events can also prevent resorption", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643085", "score": "1.640621", "text": "examine its own lower eyelids. The elevated intracranial pressure may cause compression of the brain, leading to brain damage and other complications. Conditions among affected individuals vary widely. If the foramina of the fourth ventricle or the cerebral aqueduct are blocked, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can accumulate within the ventricles. This condition is called internal hydrocephalus and it results in increased CSF pressure. The production of CSF continues, even when the passages that normally allow it to exit the brain are blocked. Consequently, fluid builds inside the brain, causing pressure that dilates the ventricles and compresses the nervous tissue. Compression of", "title": "Hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "3883920", "score": "1.6218098", "text": "no incontinence, and mild dementia. The risk of adverse events related to shunt placement is 11%, including shunt failure, infections such as ventriculitis, shunt obstruction, over- or under-drainage, and development of a subdural hematoma. No medications are effective for primary NPH. Acetazolamide and other diuretics are not recommended except for limited use in patients who are not candidates for placement of a shunt. Low pressure hydrocephalus Normal pressure hydrocephalus Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called communicating hydrocephalus and malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs in the ventricles, and with normal or slightly elevated cerebrospinal fluid", "title": "Normal pressure hydrocephalus" }, { "id": "1643094", "score": "1.6140938", "text": "found in ancient Egyptian medical literature from 2500 BC to 500 AD. Hydrocephalus was described more clearly by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates in the fourth century BC, while a more accurate description was later given by the Roman physician Galen in the second century AD. The first clinical description of an operative procedure for hydrocephalus appears in the \"Al-Tasrif\" (1000 AD) by the Arab surgeon, Abulcasis, who clearly described the evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid in hydrocephalic children. He described it in his chapter on neurosurgical disease, describing infantile hydrocephalus as being caused by mechanical compression. He wrote: In", "title": "Hydrocephalus" } ]

[ "maugham william somerset", "w somerset maugham", "W.S. Maugham", "W. Somerset Maugham", "Maugham, W Somerset", "maugham w somerset", "somerset maugham", "Somerset Maugham", "maughamian", "Somerset Maughan", "somerset maughan", "W. Maugham", "W. S. Maugham", "The Tenth Man (Maugham play)", "somerset mom", "maughamesque", "William Maugham", "w s maugham", "William Somerset Maugham", "w maugham", "william maugham", "Maugham, William Somerset", "Maughamesque", "W. (William) Somerset Maugham", "william somerset maugham", "Maughamian", "W Maugham", "william somerset maugham s", "Somerset Mom", "W Somerset Maugham", "w william somerset maugham", "tenth man maugham play", "William Somerset Maugham's" ]

[ { "id": "452604", "score": "1.6787188", "text": "him endless self-consciousness and embarrassment, echoing Maugham's struggles with his stutter and, as his biographer Ted Morgan notes, his homosexuality. Two of his later novels were based on historical people: \"The Moon and Sixpence\" is about the life of Paul Gauguin; and \"Cakes and Ale\" contains what were taken as thinly veiled and unflattering characterisations of the authors Thomas Hardy (who had died two years previously) and Hugh Walpole. Maugham himself denied any intention of doing this in a long letter to Walpole: \"I certainly never intended Alroy Kear to be a portrait of you. He is made up of", "title": "W. Somerset Maugham" }, { "id": "2653985", "score": "1.6739049", "text": "to some sources, the title, the meaning of which is not explicitly revealed in the book, was taken from a review of Maugham's novel \"Of Human Bondage\" in which the novel's protagonist, Philip Carey, is described as \"so busy yearning for the moon that he never saw the sixpence at his feet.\" According to a 1956 letter from Maugham, \"If you look on the ground in search of a sixpence, you don't look up, and so miss the moon.\" Maugham's title echoes the description of Gauguin by his contemporary biographer, Meier-Graefe (1908): \"He [Gauguin] may be charged with having always", "title": "The Moon and Sixpence" }, { "id": "3487815", "score": "1.636292", "text": "other works are focused on this topic: \"The Moon and Sixpence\" (the main character has some resemblance with Paul Gauguin). Maugham wrote an article for \"Life Magazine\" titled “Painting I Have Liked”. \"Of Human Bondage\" is, probably, the most vivid instance of Maugham's inclination towards arts. According to Stanley Archer, more than 30 artists are named in the book, 10 famous paintings are mentioned by name and many others are referred to. Over half of the 33 artists named in the novel were painters whose careers developed primarily in the 19th century. Of these, 13 are French, five English, and", "title": "Of Human Bondage" }, { "id": "452581", "score": "1.5855435", "text": "Americans John Dos Passos, E. E. Cummings, and Ernest Hemingway. During this time he met Frederick Gerald Haxton, a young San Franciscan, who became his companion and lover until Haxton's death in 1944. Throughout this period, Maugham continued to write. He proofread \"Of Human Bondage\" at a location near Dunkirk during a lull in his ambulance duties. \"Of Human Bondage\" (1915) initially was criticized in both England and the United States; the \"New York World\" described the romantic obsession of the protagonist Philip Carey as \"the sentimental servitude of a poor fool\". The influential American novelist and critic Theodore Dreiser", "title": "W. Somerset Maugham" }, { "id": "1483452", "score": "1.5449257", "text": "Machines of Doctor Hoffman\" (1972) and \"Nights at the Circus\" (1984). Margaret Drabble (born 1939) is a novelist, biographer and critic, who has published from the 1960s until this century. Her older sister, A. S. Byatt (born 1936) is best known for \"Possession\" published in 1990. Martin Amis (born 1949) is one of the most prominent of contemporary British novelists. His best-known novels are \"Money\" (1984) and \"London Fields\" (1989). Pat Barker (born 1943) has won many awards for her fiction. Novelist and screenwriter Ian McEwan (born 1948) is another of contemporary Britain's most highly regarded writers. His works include", "title": "English novel" }, { "id": "1483454", "score": "1.5408256", "text": "been shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Among popular novelists Daphne Du Maurier wrote \"Rebecca\", a mystery novel, in 1938 and W. Somerset Maugham (1874–1965) \"Of Human Bondage\" (1915), a strongly autobiographical novel, is generally agreed to be his masterpiece. In genre fiction Agatha Christie was an important writer of crime novels, short stories and plays, best remembered for her 80 detective novels and her successful West End theatre plays. Christie's novels include \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (1934), \"Death on the Nile\" (1937), and \"And Then There Were None\" (1939). Another popular writer during the Golden Age of detective fiction", "title": "English novel" }, { "id": "2653975", "score": "1.5346863", "text": "The Moon and Sixpence The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in 1919. It is told in episodic form by a first-person narrator, in a series of glimpses into the mind and soul of the central character Charles Strickland, a middle-aged English stockbroker, who abandons his wife and children abruptly to pursue his desire to become an artist. The story is in part based on the life of the painter Paul Gauguin. The novel is written largely from the point of view of the narrator, a young, aspiring writer and playwright in London. Certain", "title": "The Moon and Sixpence" }, { "id": "4695165", "score": "1.5345701", "text": "to 1956. The books often feature his gifted but laconic gardener \"Oldfield\". Nichols's final trilogy is referred to as \"The Sudbrook Trilogy\" (1963–1968) and concerns his late 18th-century attached cottage at Ham, near Richmond, Surrey. Nichols wrote on a wide range of topics, always looking for \"the next big thing\". As examples, he ghostwrote Dame Nellie Melba's 1925 \"autobiography\" \"Memories and Melodies\" (he was at the time her personal secretary, and his 1933 book \"Evensong\" was believed based on aspects of her life). In 1966 he wrote \"A Case of Human Bondage\" about the marriage and divorce of writer William", "title": "Beverley Nichols" }, { "id": "19498114", "score": "1.5343864", "text": "1972 and \"Nights at the Circus\" 1984. Margaret Drabble (born 1939) is a novelist, biographer and critic, who published from the 1960s into the 21st century. Her older sister, A. S. Byatt (born 1936) is best known for \"Possession\" published in 1990. Martin Amis (born 1949) is one of the most prominent of contemporary British novelists. His best-known novels are \"Money\" (1984) and \"London Fields\" (1989). Pat Barker (born 1943) has won many awards for her fiction. English novelist and screenwriter Ian McEwan (born 1948) is another of contemporary Britain's most highly regarded writers. His works include \"The Cement Garden\"", "title": "Twentieth-century English literature" }, { "id": "2653986", "score": "1.5290494", "text": "wanted something else.\" The book was made into a stage play in 1925 at the New Theatre with Henry Ainley as Strickland and Eileen Sharp as Ata and a film of the same name directed and written by Albert Lewin. Released in 1942, the film stars George Sanders as Charles Strickland. The novel served as the basis for an opera, also titled \"The Moon and Sixpence\", by John Gardner to a libretto by Patrick Terry; it was premiered at Sadlers Wells in 1957. Writer S Lee Pogostin adapted it for American TV in 1959. This production starred Laurence Olivier, with", "title": "The Moon and Sixpence" }, { "id": "2653988", "score": "1.514507", "text": "the time the crime was committed. It is also mentioned frequently in Stephen King's 1998 novel \"Bag of Bones\" and in passing in his 2015 novel \"Finders Keepers\". Ray Noble's 1932 dance band hit \"We've Got the Moon and Sixpence\", sung by Al Bowlly, takes its name from the book and Jack Kerouac mentions the book in his 1958 novella \"The Subterraneans\". Mario Vargas Llosa's 2003 novel \"The Way to Paradise\" is also based on Paul Gauguin's life. The Moon and Sixpence The Moon and Sixpence is a novel by W. Somerset Maugham first published in 1919. It is told", "title": "The Moon and Sixpence" }, { "id": "4281558", "score": "1.5110605", "text": "1919. After a brief career as an actor, he became a novelist in his early twenties with the publication of \"Monday Morning\" (1925), written when he was nineteen. \"Craven House\" (1926) and \"Twopence Coloured\" (1928) followed, but his first real success was the play \"Rope\" (1929, known as \"Rope's End\" in America). \"The Midnight Bell\" (1929) is based upon Hamilton's falling in love with a prostitute and was later published along with \"The Siege of Pleasure\" (1932) and \"The Plains of Cement\" (1934) as the semi-autobiographical trilogy \"Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky\" (1935). Hamilton disliked many aspects of modern", "title": "Patrick Hamilton (writer)" }, { "id": "452589", "score": "1.5030701", "text": "the Pacific to research his novel \"The Moon and Sixpence\", based on the life of Paul Gauguin. This was the first of his journeys through the late-Imperial world of the 1920s and 1930s which inspired his novels. He became known as a writer who portrayed the last days of colonialism in India, Southeast Asia, China and the Pacific, although the books on which this reputation rests represent only a fraction of his output. On this and all subsequent journeys, he was accompanied by Haxton, whom he regarded as indispensable to his success as a writer. Maugham was painfully shy, and", "title": "W. Somerset Maugham" }, { "id": "2025880", "score": "1.4996915", "text": "leading members were the major fantasy novelists; J. R. R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis. Lewis is known for \"The Screwtape Letters\" (1942), \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" and \"The Space Trilogy\", while Tolkien is best known as the author of \"The Hobbit\" (1937), \"The Lord of the Rings\", and \"The Silmarillion\". Among important writers of genre fiction in the second half of the twentieth-century are thriller writer Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond 007. Fleming chronicled Bond's adventures in twelve novels, including \"Casino Royale\" (1953). In contrast to the larger-than-life spy capers of Bond, John le Carré was an author of", "title": "British literature" }, { "id": "1483419", "score": "1.4935527", "text": "Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), author of the epistolary novels \"Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded\" (1740) and \"Clarissa\" (1747–48); Henry Fielding (1707–1754), who wrote \"Joseph Andrews\" (1742) and \"The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling\" (1749); Laurence Sterne (1713–1768), who published \"Tristram Shandy\" in parts between 1759 and 1767; Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774), author of \"The Vicar of Wakefield\" (1766); Tobias Smollett (1721–1771), a Scottish novelist best known for his comic picaresque novels, such as \"The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle\" (1751) and \"The Expedition of Humphry Clinker\" (1771), who influenced Charles Dickens; and Fanny Burney (1752–1840), whose novels \"were enjoyed and admired by Jane", "title": "English novel" }, { "id": "11672058", "score": "1.4916867", "text": "aviator Moye W. Stephens, and aviator Florence \"Pancho\" Barnes. Also befriending him was Harry Hay, later a gay activist, with whom he argued politics and human rights issues. About 1930, Mooney met travel writer Richard Halliburton, author of the best-selling \"The Royal Road to Romance\" (1925), \"The Glorious Adventure\" (1927) and \"New Worlds To Conquer\" (1929). The last, and most gifted, in a line of secretaries Halliburton had taken on over his career, Mooney most notably assisted him in preparing for publication \"The Flying Carpet\" (1932), \"Seven League Boots\" (1935)—these are among the last great road narratives of the classic", "title": "Paul Mooney (writer)" }, { "id": "4521432", "score": "1.490507", "text": "in \"The Good Soldier\" and as the promiscuous Sylvia Tietjens in his tetralogy \"Parade's End\". She was also the inspiration for the character Rose Waterfield in W. Somerset Maugham's novel \"The Moon and Sixpence\" and Norah Nesbit in \"Of Human Bondage\". She is also the basis for Claire Temple, the central character of Norah Hoult's \"There Were No Windows\" (1944). Hunt also wrote two collections of supernatural stories, \"Tales of the Uneasy\" and \"More Tales of the Uneasy\". \"Tales of the Uneasy\" was described by E. F. Bleiler as containing \"Excellent stories, in which the supernatural is used as a", "title": "Violet Hunt" }, { "id": "2653987", "score": "1.4884106", "text": "Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy in supporting roles. In the opening scene of François Truffaut's cinematic adaptation of \"Fahrenheit 451\", several firemen are preparing books for burning. In the crowd of onlookers is a little boy who picks up one of the books and thumbs through it before his father takes it from him and throws it on the pile with the rest. That book is \"The Moon and Sixpence\". The book was mentioned in Agatha Christie's mystery (Hercule Poirot series) novel \"Five Little Pigs\", when Poirot asks one of the suspects (Angela Warren) if she read the book at", "title": "The Moon and Sixpence" }, { "id": "15856760", "score": "1.4855535", "text": "roughly, 'We have no natural sympathies, save eating, that is, when a poor man has to eat.' His perception of lyrical poetry and natural beauty was exquisite, but he had a disgust, partly envious, for 'the classics,' and he looked on the Waverley Novels as 'old piper stories,' ‘dwarf and witch tales,' and monstrous caricatures of Scottish manners. The 'baronial hall' was his abhorrence. In 1847, being then sixty-two, he won a prize for an essay on 'The Temporal Advantage of the Sabbath … in relation to the Working Classes' (published as 'The Light of the Week,' London, 1849, 12mo,", "title": "John Younger (writer)" }, { "id": "3453707", "score": "1.4831767", "text": "private discussions with her family and friends. Charles Langbridge Morgan Charles Langbridge Morgan (22 January 1894 – 6 February 1958) was an English-born playwright and novelist of English and Welsh parentage. The main themes of his work were, as he himself put it, \"Art, Love, and Death\", and the relation between them. Themes of individual novels range from the paradoxes of freedom (\"The Voyage\", \"The River Line\"), through passionate love seen from within (\"Portrait in a Mirror\") and without (\"A Breeze of Morning\"), to the conflict of good and evil (\"The Judge's Story\") and the enchanted boundary of death (\"Sparkenbroke\").", "title": "Charles Langbridge Morgan" } ]

[ "Watercraft rowing", "Rowers", "watercraft rowing", "rowed", "Rowing", "Rowboat", "oarswoman", "Row boat", "🚣", "Oarsman", "oarsman", "Oarsmen", "rowing boat", "Oarswoman", "rowboats", "Rowed", "Rowing boat", "oarsmen", "rowers", "rowing", "Rowboats", "rowboat", "row boat" ]

[ { "id": "652014", "score": "2.3999286", "text": "Benjamin Spock Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946) is one of the best-selling volumes in history. The book's premise to mothers is that \"you know more than you think you do.\" Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. However, his theories were also widely criticized by colleagues for relying too heavily", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "652041", "score": "2.398953", "text": "Men's eight rowing team at the Paris Olympics, captained by James Rockefeller, later president of what would become Citigroup. Competing on the Seine, they won the gold medal. Benjamin Spock Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946) is one of the best-selling volumes in history. The book's premise to mothers is that \"you know more than you think you do.\" Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "652038", "score": "2.0746713", "text": "take baths, wear clean clothes and get good grades in school.\" Since I received the first accusation twenty-two years after \"Baby and Child Care\" was originally published--and since those who write about how harmful my book is invariably assure me they've never used it--I think it's clear that the hostility is to my politics rather than my pediatric advice. And though I've been denying the accusation for twenty-five years, one of the first questions I get from many reporters and interviewers is, \"Doctor Spock, are you still permissive?\" You can't catch up with a false accusation. In June 1992, Spock", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "652023", "score": "2.033282", "text": "a bestseller. Its message to mothers is that \"you know more than you think you do.\" By 1998 it had sold more than 50 million copies, and had been translated into 42 languages. According to the \"New York Times\", \"Baby and Child Care\" was, throughout its first 52 years, the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible. According to other sources, it was among best-sellers, albeit not second-best-selling. Spock advocated ideas about parenting that were, at the time, considered out of the mainstream. Over time, his books helped to bring about major change. Previously, experts had told parents that babies needed", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "652017", "score": "2.0264025", "text": "the senior society Scroll and Key. He attended the Yale School of Medicine for two years before shifting to Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he graduated first in his class in 1929. By that time, he had married Jane Cheney. Jane Cheney married Spock in 1927 and assisted him in the research and writing of \"Dr. Spock's Baby & Child Care\", which was published in 1946 by Duell, Sloan & Pearce as \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care.\" The book has sold more than 50 million copies in 42 languages. Jane Cheney Spock", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "7786517", "score": "2.0138183", "text": "practicing pediatrician in the 1930s, Spock noticed that prevailing methods in pediatric care seemed cruel and ignored the emotional needs of the child. He wanted to explore the psychological reasons behind common problems seen during practices like breastfeeding and toilet training, in order to give less arbitrary advice to mothers who came to his practice. He thus became trained in psychoanalysis, emerging as the first pediatrician with a psychoanalytic background. Seeking useful ways to implement Freudian philosophy into child-rearing practices, Spock would try out his advice on patients and their mothers, continuously seeking their response. He contradicted contemporary norms in", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "7786525", "score": "1.9990385", "text": "care experts had. He was lauded for writing with a friendly, reassuring tone and using conversational, easy-to-read language. Spock was popularized by mentions in household magazines and famous television shows, such as \"I Love Lucy\", where the characters Lucy and Ricky Ricardo were seen consulting Spock's manual in various episodes when seeking advice for raising their child. Spock quickly became a household name in the 1950s and is frequently credited for helping to raise a generation of “Spock babies” in the post-war period. Mothers heavily relied on his advice; by 1956, \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\"", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "7786530", "score": "1.9919443", "text": "up families, increasing parents’ reliance on experts’ advice over grandparents’ advice. Although Spock's reputation has changed over time, Spock continued to be a leading authority on child care until his death. In 1990, \"Life\" magazine named Spock one of the 100 most important people of the twentieth century. Upon Spock's death in 1998, \"The New York Times\" noted that “babies do not arrive with owner’s manuals…. But for three generations of American parents, the next best thing was \"Baby and Child Care\"…Dr. Benjamin Spock…breathed humanity and common sense into child-rearing.” The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Benjamin", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "652025", "score": "1.9908028", "text": "By the late 1960s however, Spock's opposition to the Vietnam War had damaged his reputation; the 1968 edition of \"Baby and Child Care\" sold half as many copies of the prior edition. Later in life Spock wrote a book entitled \"Dr. Spock on Vietnam\" and co-wrote an autobiography entitled \"Spock on Spock\" (with Mary Morgan Spock), in which he stated his attitude toward aging: \"Delay and Deny\". In the seventh edition of \"Baby and Child Care,\" published a few weeks after he died, Spock advocated for a bold change in children's diets, recommending that all children switch to a vegan", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "7786514", "score": "1.985054", "text": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care is one of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946, and 50 million by the time of Spock's death in 1998. As of 2011, the book had been translated into 39 languages. Spock and his manual helped revolutionize child-rearing methods for the post-World War II generation. Mothers heavily relied on Spock's advice and appreciated his friendly, reassuring tone. Spock emphasizes in his book that, above all, parents", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "6993345", "score": "1.9720476", "text": "Rio de Janeiro, in Rio de Janeiro. His best known book, \"A Vida do Bebê\" (The Baby's Life) has sold more than 6,5 million volumes in 41 editions , all personally revised and updated by him, and which is considered the best reference for Brazilian parents. The book, first published in 1941, is for Brazil what Dr. Benjamin Spock's (1903–1998) \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\" (published 1943) was for the United States.. He was also a strong proponent of what he considered the three greatest breakthroughs in child health: antibiotics, vaccines and breast feeding. He was", "title": "Rinaldo de Lamare" }, { "id": "652020", "score": "1.9669943", "text": "the book with the help of co-author Robert Needlman. \"Baby and Child Care\" still sells worldwide. For most of his life, Spock wore Brooks Brothers suits and shirts with detachable collars, but at age 75, for the first time in his life, Mary Morgan got him to try blue jeans. She introduced him to Transactional analysis (TA) therapists, joined him in meditation twice a day, and cooked him a macrobiotic diet. \"She gave me back my youth\", Spock would tell reporters. He adapted to her lifestyle, as she did to his. There were 40 years difference in their ages, but", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "7786529", "score": "1.9324901", "text": "behavior in plainspoken language to avoid offending his readers, making Freud accessible to mainstream America. In 1959, \"Look\" magazine praised Spock, noting that “perhaps no other person has so influenced an entire nation’s ideas about babies…His views have brought naturalness, common sense, reassurance, Sigmund Freud and even joy to parents all over the world.” Spock's optimistic book reflects the hopefulness of the post-war period and society's focus on children. Because post-war affluence helped parents give children more opportunities, parents became more concerned with providing the best for their children. At the same time, the widespread move to the suburbs broke", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "7786524", "score": "1.9253938", "text": "children due to rising trends in obesity and Spock's own switch to a macrobiotic diet after facing serious health issues. Within a year of being published, \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\" had already sold 750,000 copies, mostly by word-of-mouth advertising. Mothers appreciated that Spock was not condescending in his writing and instead very empathetic towards mothers, acknowledging how tiresome child care can be. Although he believed that much of a child's personality and behavior rested in the parents’ hands, he did not scare parents with this large responsibility of raising a \"good\" child, like earlier child", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "652022", "score": "1.9092114", "text": "boats, with no house, for most of 20 years. At the very end of Spock's life, he was advised to come ashore by his physician, Steve Pauker, of New England Medical Center, Boston. In 1992, Spock received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library for his lifelong commitment to disarmament and peaceable child-rearing. Spock died at a house he was renting in La Jolla, California, on March 15, 1998. His ashes are buried in Camden, Maine. In 1946, Spock published his book \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\", which became", "title": "Benjamin Spock" }, { "id": "7786515", "score": "1.9047136", "text": "should have confidence in their abilities and trust their instincts. The famous first line of the book reads, “Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do.” Spock's book helped revolutionize child care in the 1940s and 1950s. Prior to this, rigid schedules permeated pediatric care. Influential authors like behavioral psychologist John B. Watson, who wrote \"Psychological Care of Infant and Child\" in 1928, and pediatrician Luther Emmett Holt, who wrote \"The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses\" in 1894, told parents to feed babies on strict schedules and start", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "7786521", "score": "1.9046633", "text": "their abilities and to trust their common sense; his practice as a pediatrician had proven to him that parents' instincts were usually best. During Spock's lifetime, seven editions of his book were published. Several co-authors have helped revise the book since the fifth edition. Since Spock's death in 1998, two more editions have been published. Each subsequent edition of the book brings medical information up-to-date. Other revisions have emerged to deal with contemporary social issues, such as daycare and gay parenting. In the second edition, Spock emphasizes in several new chapters the importance of “firm but gentle” control of children.", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "7786518", "score": "1.9018971", "text": "child care by supporting flexibility instead of rigidity and encouraging parents to show affection for their children. Although Spock was approached to write a child-care manual in 1938 by Doubleday, he did not yet feel certain enough of his professional abilities to accept the offer. Eventually, though, after several more years of giving advice to mothers, Spock felt more convinced of his advice and published a paperback copy of \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\" in 1946 with Pocket Books. His intent in writing the book was to disseminate comprehensive information to all mothers, giving advice that", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" }, { "id": "13207119", "score": "1.877114", "text": "Marjorie Spock Marjorie Spock (September 8, 1904, New Haven, Connecticut – January 23, 2008, Sullivan, Maine) was an environmentalist, author and poet, best known for her influence on Rachel Carson when the latter was writing \"Silent Spring\". Spock was also a noted Waldorf teacher, eurythmist, biodynamic gardener and anthroposophist. Marjorie Spock was born the second child and the first daughter of six children. Her Father Benjamin Spock was the General Solicitor of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroads, Her older brother was Benjamin Spock, the world-renowned pediatrician and author of \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child", "title": "Marjorie Spock" }, { "id": "7786519", "score": "1.8605037", "text": "combined the physical and psychological aspects of child care. So that any mother could afford it, the book was sold at just twenty-five cents. \"The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care\" is arranged by topics corresponding to the child's age, ranging from infancy to teenage years. Drawn from his career as a pediatrician, Spock's advice is comprehensive, dealing with topics such as preparing for the baby, toilet training, school, illnesses, and \"special problems\" like \"separated parents\" and \"the fatherless child\". Unlike leading child care experts prior to the 1940s, Spock supports flexibility in child-rearing, advising parents to treat", "title": "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" } ]

[ "Chi City", "Chicago Transportation Committee", "Chicago, Wisconsin", "transport in chicago", "chi city", "Chichago", "chicago wisconsin", "sister cities chicago", "chicago ill", "List of sister cities of Chicago", "chicago wi", "Land of smelly onions", "chicago illinois us", "chicago illinois united states", "list of sister cities of chicago", "Chicago, Il", "chicago usa", "chicago transportation committee", "Sayre language academy", "chicago illinois", "Chicago, IL", "UN/LOCODE:USCHI", "The city of Chicago", "Chcago", "chi town", "Near North Montessori", "city of chicago", "chi beria", "chicago illinois usa", "Chicago (Ill.)", "Sister Cities Chicago", "Religion in Chicago", "City of chicago", "Chicago, Illinois, United States", "USCHI", "Chicago Finance Committee", "Transport in Chicago", "near north montessori", "sister cities of chicago", "chicago theater scene", "Chicago, Illinois", "paris of america", "sayre language academy", "Chi-Town", "city of chicago illinois", "Chicago, USA", "chcago", "City of Chicago", "hog butcher for world", "chicago", "Performing arts in Chicago", "land of smelly onions", "Chicago theatre scene", "Chi town", "Ariel Community Academy", "The City of Broad Shoulders", "Hog Butcher for the World", "religion in chicago", "The weather in Chicago", "chicago illionis", "Paris of America", "performing arts in chicago", "Chicago, IL.", "City of Chicago, Illinois", "Sister Cities of Chicago", "Chicago theater scene", "chichago", "Chicago, Illinois, US", "ariel community academy", "city of broad shoulders", "Chicago", "chicago illinois u s", "Chicago theatre", "Chicago, Ill.", "The Paris of America", "Chicago, United States", "uschi", "The city of Chicago, Illinois", "Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.", "Chi-Beria", "chicago theatre scene", "Chicago, Illionis", "chicago finance committee", "chicago theatre", "Chicago il", "City of Broad Shoulders", "chicago il", "weather in chicago", "Chicago, Illinois, USA", "Chicago Illinois", "Chicago, WI", "Chicago, Illinois, U.S.", "chicago united states", "Chicago (IL)", "un locode uschi", "Sister cities of Chicago" ]

[ { "id": "1686413", "score": "2.2537", "text": "Connecticut, with Robert Urich. Chita Rivera joined the tour for several weeks. The 2003 tour started in June 2003 at the National Theatre, Washington, DC, with Brenda Braxton playing Velma, Bianca Marroquin as Roxie, and Gregory Harrison as Billy Flynn. During 2004 the tour cast included Alan Thicke and Tom Wopat as Billy Flynn and Carol Woods as Matron \"Mama\" Morton. The most recent tour started in November 2008 in Charlotte, North Carolina and starred Tom Wopat as Billy Flynn, Bianca Marroquin as Roxie Hart, Terra C. MacLeod as Velma Kelly and Roz Ryan (later replaced by Carol Woods) as", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1686387", "score": "2.194", "text": "arrested. She is sent to the women's block in Cook County Jail, inhabited by Velma and other murderesses (\"Cell Block Tango\"). The block is presided over by the corrupt Matron \"Mama\" Morton, whose system of mutual aid (\"When You're Good to Mama\") perfectly suits her clientele. She has helped Velma become the media's top murder-of-the-week and is acting as a booking agent for Velma's big return to vaudeville. Velma is not happy to see Roxie, who is stealing not only her limelight but also her lawyer, Billy Flynn. Roxie tries to convince Amos to pay for Billy Flynn to be", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1686412", "score": "2.0981574", "text": "Mama Morton. There have been ten North American national tours of \"Chicago\". The first tour started in April 1997 in Cincinnati, Ohio, six months after the revival opened on Broadway. The cast featured Charlotte d'Amboise (Roxie Hart), Jasmine Guy (Velma Kelly), Obba Babatunde (Billy Flynn) and Carol Woods (Matron \"Mama\" Morton). A second company started in December 1997 in Tampa, Florida. The tour went on hiatus in Fall 1999 and started again in October 1999 in Denver, Colorado, featuring Robert Urich as Billy Flynn, Vicki Lewis (Velma) and Nana Visitor (Roxie). The next tour started in October 2000 in Stamford,", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "8570140", "score": "2.098098", "text": "The production closed on 15 July 2017 \"Chicago the Musical\" opened at the Phoenix Theatre on 11 April 2018, starring Cuba Gooding Jr. as Billy Flynn, Sarah Soetaert as Roxie Hart, Josefina Gabrielle as Velma Kelly, and Ruthie Henshall as Mama Morton. A cast change saw Martin Kemp take over the role of Billy Flynn, with Alexandra Burke as Roxie Hart, Mazz Murray as Mama Morton, and Denise Van Outen as Velma Kelly. The show is set to close on 5 January 2019. In June 2018 it was announced that the hit Broadway musical \"Come from Away\" is set to", "title": "Phoenix Theatre, London" }, { "id": "1631587", "score": "2.092906", "text": "of the corrupt Matron \"Mama\" Morton (\"When You're Good to Mama\"). Roxie meets her idol Velma, but her friendship is rudely rebuffed. She learns the backstories of the other women there, including Velma (\"Cell Block Tango\"). On Morton's advice, Roxie engages Velma's lawyer, the brilliant Billy Flynn (\"All I Care About\"). Flynn and Roxie manipulate the press, reinventing Roxie's identity as an originally virtuous woman turned bad by the fast life of the city; she claims she had the affair with Casely because Amos was always working, but repented and dumped him for Amos, and Casely jealously attacked her (\"We", "title": "Chicago (2002 film)" }, { "id": "1686409", "score": "2.0120296", "text": "cast of the production included German jazz singer Ute Lemper as Velma, British actress Ruthie Henshall as Roxie Hart, Nigel Planer as Amos Hart, and Henry Goodman as Billy Flynn. The production won the 1998 Olivier Award for Outstanding Musical, and Lemper was awarded Best Actress in a Musical. Both Lemper and Henshall have played the role of Velma on Broadway. Like its Broadway counterpart, the London production featured many celebrities in the starring roles. For example, Marti Pellow, David Hasselhoff, John Barrowman, Tony Hadley, Jerry Springer, Kevin Richardson and Ian Kelsey have all played the role of Billy Flynn.", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "2077011", "score": "1.9965234", "text": "this time as Roxie Hart. In 2014 she returned again, this time playing \"Mama\" Morton, making her the first person to play three different characters at three separate times during the course of a single Broadway run. She appeared in a musical revue \"Here Lies Jenny\", that featured songs by Kurt Weill, sung and danced by Neuwirth and a four-person supporting cast, as part of an unspoken ambiguous story in an anonymous seedy bar possibly in Berlin in the 1930s. The show ran from May 7 through October 3, 2004, in the Zipper Theater in New York City. \"Here Lies", "title": "Bebe Neuwirth" }, { "id": "1686400", "score": "1.9642503", "text": "Cross as Billy, and Antonia Ellis as Roxie Hart. Ellis (Actress of the Year in a Musical) and Ben Cross (Actor of the Year in a Musical) were nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for their performances, and the musical was nominated as Musical of the Year. The original Australian production opened at the Sydney Opera House's Drama Theatre in June 1981. Featuring Nancye Hayes (Roxie), Geraldine Turner (Velma), Terence Donovan (Billy) and Judi Connelli (Mama), it was a new production directed by Richard Wherrett for the Sydney Theatre Company, rather than a replica of the Broadway production. It transferred", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "11433996", "score": "1.9637187", "text": "the original production in 1975), Ann Reinking, Bianca Marroquin, Brooke Shields, Ruthie Henshall, Melora Hardin, Ashlee Simpson, Melanie Griffith, Samantha Harris, Michelle Williams, Christie Brinkley and Brandy Norwood. Henshall, Simpson, Shields, and Williams have portrayed the character both on Broadway and The West End. Bebe Neuwirth, who won a Tony Award for the role of Velma Kelly in 1997, also portrayed Roxie in the same production in 2006. Roxie Hart Roxanne \"Roxie\" Hart is a fictional character originally from the 1926 play \"Chicago\". The playwright, reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins, was inspired by the real-life 1924 murder trials of Beulah Annan", "title": "Roxie Hart" }, { "id": "14404530", "score": "1.9415691", "text": "Velma Kelly Velma Kelly is one of the main characters in the successful Broadway musical \"Chicago\". She is a nightclub singer/vaudevillian who was accused of murdering of her husband and sister. She is sent to the Cook County Jail where she hires the best soliciting lawyer, Billy Flynn. Singing and dancing, and telling her side of the story, Kelly goes through her time at jail being the star until Roxie Hart comes into the picture. Velma Kelly's character was based on a woman named Belva Gaertner. Belva was a cabaret singer who had been married and divorced twice. After those", "title": "Velma Kelly" }, { "id": "14404534", "score": "1.9314567", "text": "other murderess, Roxie Hart. In 2014, she appeared in a limited engagement as Mama Morton. The 2002 film version of the musical features Catherine Zeta-Jones as Velma Kelly. She received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a BAFTA Film Award for her role. Prior to the 1975 debut of the stage musical, Kelly appeared in the earlier incarnations of Watkins' story. In the original non-musical play that debuted on December 30, 1926, and in the silent film version released on December 27, 1927, Velma had no last name. She was played by Juliette Crosby in the stage play", "title": "Velma Kelly" }, { "id": "1686411", "score": "1.9122326", "text": "on July 17, 2012. The show closed on September 1, 2012 after a total run of nearly 15 years in London. The UK tour of the production continued after the closing. To celebrate the 21st Anniversary of the West End revival production, \"Chicago\" returned, this time at the Phoenix Theatre opening April 11, 2018, starring Cuba Gooding Jr as Billy Flynn, Sarah Soetaert as Roxie Hart, Josefina Gabrielle as Velma Kelly, and Ruthie Henshall as Mama Morton. A cast change saw Martin Kemp take over the role of Billy Flynn, with Alexandra Burke as Roxie Hart and Mazz Murray as", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1686397", "score": "1.9073683", "text": "Musical Vaudeville\" opened on June 3, 1975 at the 46th Street Theatre, and ran for a total of 936 performances, closing on August 27, 1977. The opening night cast starred Chita Rivera as Velma Kelly, Gwen Verdon as Roxie Hart, Jerry Orbach as Billy Flynn and Barney Martin as Amos Hart. Velma Kelly had been a comparatively minor character in all versions of \"Chicago\" prior to the musical rendering. The role was fleshed out to balance Chita Rivera's role opposite Gwen Verdon's Roxie Hart. The musical received mixed reviews. The Brechtian style of the show, which frequently dropped the fourth", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1686386", "score": "1.8937521", "text": "murdered both her husband and her sister when she found them in bed together. She welcomes the audience to tonight's show (\"All That Jazz\"). Velma eventually is arrested for her crime. Meanwhile, the audience hears of chorus girl Roxie Hart's murder of her lover, nightclub regular Fred Casely. Roxie convinces her husband Amos that the victim was a burglar, and Amos cheerfully takes the blame. Roxie expresses her appreciation of her husband's thick skull (\"Funny Honey\"). However, when the police mention the deceased's name, Amos belatedly realizes that Roxie has lied to him. The truth comes out, and Roxie is", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "14404535", "score": "1.8909978", "text": "and by Julia Faye in the silent film. In the 1942 post-Code sanitized film, \"Roxie Hart\", her name was \"Velma Wall\" and she was portrayed by Helene Reynolds. Throughout the musical, Velma Kelly has many songs and dances that she performs, whether it be by herself or with an ensemble of people. The musical numbers she performs are: Velma Kelly Velma Kelly is one of the main characters in the successful Broadway musical \"Chicago\". She is a nightclub singer/vaudevillian who was accused of murdering of her husband and sister. She is sent to the Cook County Jail where she hires", "title": "Velma Kelly" }, { "id": "12281867", "score": "1.8858225", "text": "as Billy Flynn, at the Ambassador Theatre on Broadway. Afterward, she returned to Mexico City to close the \"Chicago\" season and join \"The Vagina Monologues\" Mexican cast. She left \"The Vagina Monologues\" when she received the invitation to perform as Roxie Hart in the US and Canada tour of Chicago. This tour made her the first Mexican ever in receiving the Helen Hayes Award in Washington, D.C., as outstanding Lead Actress. In December 2003, she went back to Broadway as Roxie Hart, now at the Ambassador Theatre, to rejoin the tour after his Broadway season. Marroquin has played Roxie Hart", "title": "Bianca Marroquín" }, { "id": "1686393", "score": "1.8713447", "text": "were performers. Every musical moment in the show was loosely modeled on someone else: Roxie was Helen Morgan, Velma was Texas Guinan, Billy Flynn was Ted Lewis, Mama Morton was Sophie Tucker.\" Kander elaborates that the reason the show was called a vaudeville \"is because many of the songs we wrote are related to specific performers like those you mentioned, and Eddie Cantor and Bert Williams as well.\" It was through the initial production, and not the writing, that many of the \"traditional\" \"Chicago\" staging conventions were developed: The double snap in \"Razzle Dazzle\" was added as an afterthought at", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1631590", "score": "1.8677655", "text": "the situation and rehires Flynn. Roxie's trial begins, and Billy turns it into a media spectacle (\"Razzle Dazzle\") with the help of the sensationalist newspaper reporters and radio personality Mary Sunshine. Billy discredits witnesses, manipulates evidence, and even stages a public reconciliation between Amos and Roxie when she says the child is his. The trial seems to be going Roxie's way until Velma appears with Roxie's diary: she reads incriminating entries in exchange for amnesty in her own case. Billy discredits the diary, implying that Harrison was the one who planted the evidence (\"A Tap Dance\"). Roxie is acquitted, but", "title": "Chicago (2002 film)" }, { "id": "1686415", "score": "1.8651857", "text": "and Kyodo Tokyo Inc., the production starred Ryoko Yonekura as Roxie Hart, Yōka Wao as Velma Kelly and Ryuichi Kawamura as Billy Flynn. In Perú, the musical was released on June 16, 2012 starring Tati Alcántara, Denisse Dibós, and Marco Zunino at Teatro Municipal de Lima in Lima, Peru. The show was also staged using a Spanish translation in Costa Rica in 2017 starring Silvia Baltodano and Isabel Guzman. In France, the first French-language production of \"Chicago\", based on the Broadway 1996 revival, opened on September 18, 2018 at Théâtre Mogador in Paris with Sofia Essaïdi as Velma Kelly, Carien", "title": "Chicago (musical)" }, { "id": "1917594", "score": "1.8569524", "text": "was unique to her among women entertainers. Tucker is briefly mentioned in the lyrics of the song \"Roxie\" from the musical \"Chicago\" (\"And Sophie Tucker'll shit I know/To see her name get billed below/Roxie Hart\") and was cited as the main influence for the character Matron \"Mama\" Morton. A popular music revue, \"Sophie Tucker: The Last of the Red Hot Mamas\", developed by Florida Studio Theatre (FST), in Sarasota, celebrates Tucker's brassy and bawdy behavior, songs, and persona. Developed in-house by artistic director Richard Hopkins in 2000, it has enjoyed several productions across the country, including theatres in New York", "title": "Sophie Tucker" } ]

[ "Syllogistic reasoning", "camestres", "Modus Barbara", "Mixed syllogism", "Syllogistic argument", "epagoge", "syllogism", "Epagoge", "Categorical Syllogism", "Syllogisms", "Major premise", "syllogistical", "Major term", "Errors in Syllogisms", "Major Term", "22syllogistic argument 22", "Categorical syllogisms", "major premise", "syllogistic", "syllogistic logic", "Syllogistic", "major term", "Syllogistical", "Barbara syllogism", "syllogists", "darii mode", "categorical syllogism", "Sylogism", "mixed syllogism", "syllogisms", "barbara syllogism", "Syllogism", "Darii mode", "Syllogistically", "Errors in syllogisms", "syllogistically", "Syllogists", "Syllogistic logic", "Minor premise", "syllogist", "Camestres", "syllogistic reasoning", "categorical syllogisms", "syllogistic argument", "%22Syllogistic argument%22", "Minor term", "συλλογισμός", "Existential Import", "Modus barbara", "celarent", "Categorical syllogism", "errors in syllogisms", "existential import", "minor term", "Syllogist", "modus barbara", "Celarent", "Συλλογισμός", "sylogism", "Existential import", "minor premise", "Minor Term" ]

[ { "id": "6606742", "score": "1.6276085", "text": "argument, and arguments from analogy. Common deductive argument forms are hypothetical syllogism, categorical syllogism, argument by definition, argument based on mathematics, argument from definition. The most reliable forms of logic are modus ponens, modus tollens, and chain arguments because if the premises of the argument are true, then the conclusion necessarily follows. Two invalid argument forms are affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. A logical argument, seen as an ordered set of sentences, has a logical form that derives from the form of its constituent sentences; the logical form of an argument is sometimes called argument form. Some authors", "title": "Logical form" }, { "id": "10824554", "score": "1.5799854", "text": "argument, (Premise 1: \"Some \"X\" are \"Y\".\" Premise 2: \"Some \"Y\" are \"Z\".\" Conclusion: \"Some \"X\" are \"Z\".\") in order to demonstrate that whatever hawkers may be, they may or may not be rich, in consideration of the premises as such. \"(See also, existential import).\" The forms of argument that render deductions valid are well-established, however some invalid arguments can also be persuasive depending on their construction (inductive arguments, for example). \"(See also, formal fallacy and informal fallacy).\" A sound argument is a valid argument whose conclusion follows from its premise(s), and the premise(s) of which is/are true. Non-deductive logic", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": "10824548", "score": "1.5796771", "text": "That is, the rational structure – the relationship of claims, premises, warrants, relations of implication, and conclusion – is not always spelled out and immediately visible and must sometimes be made explicit by analysis. There are several kinds of arguments in logic, the best-known of which are \"deductive\" and \"inductive.\" An argument has one or more premises but only one conclusion. Each premise and the conclusion are truth bearers or \"truth-candidates\", each capable of being either true or false (but not both). These truth values bear on the terminology used with arguments. A \"deductive argument\" is one that, if valid,", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": "590495", "score": "1.567863", "text": "Syllogism A syllogism ( \"syllogismos\", \"conclusion, inference\") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form: <poem>All", "title": "Syllogism" }, { "id": "590516", "score": "1.5330536", "text": "though this makes no difference logically). Each premise and the conclusion can be of type A, E, I or O, and the syllogism can be any of the four figures. A syllogism can be described briefly by giving the letters for the premises and conclusion followed by the number for the figure. For example, the syllogism BARBARA below is AAA-1, or \"A-A-A in the first figure\". The vast majority of the 256 possible forms of syllogism are invalid (the conclusion does not follow logically from the premises). The table below shows the valid forms. Even some of these are sometimes", "title": "Syllogism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Argument\n\nAn argument is a statement or group of statements called premises intended to determine the degree of truth or acceptability of another statement called a conclusion.<ref>This is called \"argument-as-product\", distinguished from \"argument-as-process\" and \"argument-as-procedure.\"\n\nWenzel, J. W. (1987). The rhetorical perspective on argument. In F. H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, J. A. Blair, & C. A. Willard (Eds.), Argumentation. Across the lines of discipline. Proceedings of the conference on argumentation 1986 (pp. 101–109). Dordrecht-Providence: Foris.</ref> Arguments can be studied from three main perspectives: the logical, the dialectical and the rhetorical perspective.\n\nIn logic, an argument is usually expressed not in natural language but in a symbolic formal language, and it can be defined as any group of propositions of which one is claimed to follow from the others through deductively valid inferences that preserve truth from the premises to the conclusion. This logical perspective on argument is relevant for scientific fields such as mathematics and computer science. Logic is the study of the forms of reasoning in arguments and the development of standards and criteria to evaluate arguments. Deductive arguments can be valid, and the valid ones can be sound: in a valid argument, premisses necessitate the conclusion, even if one or more of the premises is false and the conclusion is false; in a sound argument, true premises necessitate a true conclusion. Inductive arguments, by contrast, can have different degrees of logical strength: the stronger or more cogent the argument, the greater the probability that the conclusion is true, the weaker the argument, the lesser that probability. The standards for evaluating non-deductive arguments may rest on different or additional criteria than truth—for example, the persuasiveness of so-called \"indispensability claims\" in transcendental arguments, the quality of hypotheses in retroduction, or even the disclosure of new possibilities for thinking and acting.\n\nIn dialectics, and also in a more colloquial sense, an argument can be conceived as a social and verbal means of trying to resolve, or at least contend with, a conflict or difference of opinion that has arisen or exists between two or more parties. For the rhetorical perspective, the argument is constitutively linked with the context, in particular with the time and place in which the argument is located. From this perspective, the argument is evaluated not just by two parties (as in a dialectical approach) but also by an audience. In both dialectic and rhetoric, arguments are used not through a formal but through natural language. Since classical antiquity, philosophers and rhetoricians have developed lists of argument types in which premises and conclusions are connected in informal and defeasible ways.", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Logic" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Syllogism\n\nA syllogism (, \"syllogismos\", 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.\n\nIn its earliest form (defined by Aristotle in his 350 BCE book \"Prior Analytics\"), a syllogism arises when two true premises (propositions or statements) validly imply a conclusion, or the main point that the argument aims to get across. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form: \n<poem>All men are mortal.\nSocrates is a man.\nTherefore, Socrates is mortal.</poem>In antiquity, two rival syllogistic theories existed: Aristotelian syllogism and Stoic syllogism.<ref name=\":0\" /> From the Middle Ages onwards, \"categorical syllogism\" and \"syllogism\" were usually used interchangeably. This article is concerned only with this historical use. The syllogism was at the core of historical deductive reasoning, whereby facts are determined by combining existing statements, in contrast to inductive reasoning in which facts are determined by repeated observations.\n\nWithin some academic contexts, syllogism has been superseded by first-order predicate logic following the work of Gottlob Frege, in particular his \"Begriffsschrift\" (\"Concept Script\"; 1879). Syllogism, being a method of valid logical reasoning, will always be useful in most circumstances and for general-audience introductions to logic and clear-thinking.", "title": "Syllogism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Deductive reasoning" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "False dilemma\n\nA false dilemma, also referred to as false dichotomy or false binary, is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are available. The source of the fallacy lies not in an invalid form of inference but in a false premise. This premise has the form of a disjunctive claim: it asserts that one among a number of alternatives must be true. This disjunction is problematic because it oversimplifies the choice by excluding viable alternatives, presenting the viewer with only two absolute choices when in fact, there could be many.\n\nFor example, a false dilemma is committed when it is claimed that \"Stacey spoke out against capitalism; therefore, she must be a communist\". One of the options excluded is that Stacey may be neither communist nor capitalist.\n\nFalse dilemmas often have the form of treating two contraries, which may both be false, as contradictories, of which one is necessarily true. Various inferential schemes are associated with false dilemmas, for example, the constructive dilemma, the destructive dilemma or the disjunctive syllogism. False dilemmas are usually discussed in terms of deductive arguments, but they can also occur as defeasible arguments.\n\nOur liability to commit false dilemmas may be due to the tendency to simplify reality by ordering it through either-or-statements, which is to some extent already built into our language. This may also be connected to the tendency to insist on clear distinction while denying the vagueness of many common expressions.", "title": "False dilemma" }, { "id": "12967602", "score": "1.5288961", "text": "form. Many techniques are employed by logicians to represent an argument's logical form. A simple example, applied to two of the above illustrations, is the following: Let the letters 'P', 'Q', and 'S' stand, respectively, for the set of men, the set of mortals, and Socrates. Using these symbols, the first argument may be abbreviated as: Similarly, the third argument becomes: An argument is termed formally valid if it has structural self-consistency, i.e. if when the operands between premises are all true, the derived conclusion is always also true. In the third example, the initial premises cannot logically result in", "title": "Validity (logic)" }, { "id": "5758409", "score": "1.5282042", "text": "made. The hypothetical viewpoint, being the weaker view, has the effect of removing some of the relations present in the traditional square of opposition. Arguments consisting of three categorical propositions — two as premises and one as conclusion — are known as categorical syllogisms and were of paramount importance from the times of ancient Greek logicians through the Middle Ages. Although formal arguments using categorical syllogisms have largely given way to the increased expressive power of modern logic systems like the first-order predicate calculus, they still retain practical value in addition to their historic and pedagogical significance. Sentences in natural", "title": "Categorical proposition" }, { "id": "407294", "score": "1.5248818", "text": "evidential problem. Originating with Greek philosopher Epicurus, the logical argument from evil is as follows: This argument is of the form modus tollens, and is logically valid: If its premises are true, the conclusion follows of necessity. To show that the first premise is plausible, subsequent versions tend to expand on it, such as this modern example: Both of these arguments are understood to be presenting two forms of the \"logical\" problem of evil. They attempt to show that the assumed propositions lead to a logical contradiction and therefore cannot all be correct. Most philosophical debate has focused on the", "title": "Problem of evil" }, { "id": "9162989", "score": "1.5229027", "text": "is mortal\" is the conclusion. The proof of a conclusion depends on both the truth of the premises and the validity of the argument. Premise A premise or premiss is a statement that an argument claims will induce or justify a conclusion. In other words, a premise is an assumption that something is true. In logic, an argument requires a set of (at least) two declarative sentences (or \"propositions\") known as the premises or premisses along with another declarative sentence (or \"proposition\") known as the conclusion. This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure. More", "title": "Premise" }, { "id": "250245", "score": "1.5195229", "text": "of as \"double \"modus ponens\".\" The history of \"modus ponens\" goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form \"modus ponens\" was Theophrastus. The \"modus ponens\" rule may be written in sequent notation as where \"P\", \"Q\" and \"P\" → \"Q\" are statements (or propositions) in a formal language and ⊢ is a metalogical symbol meaning that \"Q\" is a syntactic consequence of \"P\" and \"P\" → \"Q\" in some logical system. The argument form has two premises (hypothesis). The first premise is the \"if–then\" or conditional claim, namely that \"P\" implies \"Q\". The second premise is", "title": "Modus ponens" }, { "id": "9162987", "score": "1.5109951", "text": "Premise A premise or premiss is a statement that an argument claims will induce or justify a conclusion. In other words, a premise is an assumption that something is true. In logic, an argument requires a set of (at least) two declarative sentences (or \"propositions\") known as the premises or premisses along with another declarative sentence (or \"proposition\") known as the conclusion. This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure. More complex arguments can use a series of rules to connect several premises to one conclusion, or to derive a number of conclusions from the", "title": "Premise" }, { "id": "590532", "score": "1.510723", "text": "whether all members of that term are accounted for. In simple syllogistic patterns, the fallacies of invalid patterns are: Syllogism A syllogism ( \"syllogismos\", \"conclusion, inference\") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor", "title": "Syllogism" }, { "id": "9162988", "score": "1.5097251", "text": "original premises which then act as premises for additional conclusions. An example of this is the use of the rules of inference found within symbolic logic. Aristotle held that any logical argument could be reduced to two premises and a conclusion. Premises are sometimes left unstated in which case they are called missing premises, for example: It is evident that a tacitly understood claim is that Socrates is a man. The fully expressed reasoning is thus: In this example, the independent clauses preceding the comma (namely, \"all men are mortal\" and \"Socrates is a man\") are the premises, while \"Socrates", "title": "Premise" }, { "id": "10824555", "score": "1.5072484", "text": "is reasoning using arguments in which the premises support the conclusion but do not entail it. Forms of non-deductive logic include the statistical syllogism, which argues from generalizations true for the most part, and induction, a form of reasoning that makes generalizations based on individual instances. An inductive argument is said to be \"cogent\" if and only if the truth of the argument's premises would render the truth of the conclusion probable (i.e., the argument is \"strong\"), and the argument's premises are, in fact, true. Cogency can be considered inductive logic's analogue to deductive logic's \"soundness.\" Despite its name, mathematical", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": "10824549", "score": "1.5064828", "text": "has a conclusion that is entailed by its premises. In other words, the truth of the conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises—if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. It would be self-contradictory to assert the premises and deny the conclusion, because the negation of the conclusion is contradictory to the truth of the premises. Deductive arguments may be either valid or invalid. If an argument is valid, it is a valid deduction, and if its premises are true, the conclusion must be true: a valid argument cannot have true premises and a false conclusion.", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": "10824571", "score": "1.5050592", "text": "assumptions- the milkman was not the murderer, and the murderer has left by the front or back door). Argument In logic and philosophy, an argument is a series of statements (in a natural language), called the premises or premisses (both spellings are acceptable), intended to determine the degree of truth of another statement, the conclusion. The logical form of an argument in a natural language can be represented in a symbolic formal language, and independently of natural language formally defined \"arguments\" can be made in math and computer science. Logic is the study of the forms of reasoning in arguments", "title": "Argument" }, { "id": "14219412", "score": "1.5042384", "text": "idea is to evaluate arguments based upon three essential criteria, again as explained in both Making Sense of “Informal Logic,” and more thoroughly explained in Logical Self-Defense, the premises of arguments must be relevant to the conclusion, sufficient to support it, and acceptable to the audience. In this approach to logic, fallacies such as the straw man, red herring etc. point to a deficiency in the premises in one of these three criteria. Johnson and Blair also place emphasis on how to identify arguments in everyday life, so that evaluators do not misinterpret the author’s intention. In this way Logical", "title": "Ralph Johnson (philosopher)" }, { "id": "17677226", "score": "1.5003338", "text": "Argument-deduction-proof distinctions Argument-deduction-proof distinctions originated with logic itself. Naturally, the terminology evolved. An argument, more fully a premise-conclusion argument, is a two-part system composed of premises and conclusion. An argument is \"valid\" if and only if its conclusion is a consequence of its premises. Every premise set has infinitely many consequences each giving rise to a valid argument. Some consequences are obviously so but most are not: most are hidden consequences. Most valid arguments are not yet known to be valid. To determine validity in non-obvious cases deductive reasoning is required. There is no deductive reasoning in an argument \"per", "title": "Argument-deduction-proof distinctions" }, { "id": "8404456", "score": "1.4994534", "text": "1826 and issued in many subsequent editions, Archbishop Richard Whately gave probably the first form of an argument map, introducing it with the suggestion that \"many students probably will find it a very clear and convenient mode of exhibiting the logical analysis of the course of argument, to draw it out in the form of a Tree, or Logical Division\". However, the technique did not become widely used, possibly because for complex arguments, it involved much writing and rewriting of the premises. Legal philosopher and theorist John Henry Wigmore produced maps of legal arguments using numbered premises in the early", "title": "Argument map" }, { "id": "8404451", "score": "1.4951963", "text": "can give support to the conclusion: An argument with this structure has been called a \"linked\" argument. Independent premises, where the premise can support the conclusion on its own: Although independent premises may jointly make the conclusion more convincing, this is to be distinguished from situations where a premise gives no support unless it is joined to another premise. Where several premises or groups of premises lead to a final conclusion the argument might be described as \"convergent\". This is distinguished from a \"divergent\" argument where a single premise might be used to support two separate conclusions. Intermediate conclusions or", "title": "Argument map" } ]

[ "Sophie Marceau", "sophie marceau" ]

[ { "id": "5656601", "score": "1.9345081", "text": "email. According to Arnold, he \"strung some la-las together, and all of a sudden the [song] came to life\". By the end of 1998 he and Black finished the music and lyrics, except for the bridge (a contrasting section of about eight bars). The lyrics are from the viewpoint of Elektra King, the Bond girl revealed as the mastermind of the villainous scheme. Its underlying themes are seduction and domination, described by Arnold as \"a steel fist in a velvet glove. It beckons you in with its crooked finger.\" Black added that although the lyrics reflected the film's plot, they", "title": "The World Is Not Enough (song)" }, { "id": "1434452", "score": "1.9022871", "text": "King by the terrorist Renard, and Bond's subsequent assignment to protect King's daughter Elektra, who had previously been held for ransom by Renard. During his assignment, Bond unravels a scheme to increase petroleum prices by triggering a nuclear meltdown in the waters of Istanbul. Filming locations included Spain, France, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the UK, with interiors shot at Pinewood Studios. Despite receiving mixed reviews, with the plot and Denise Richards' casting being frequently targeted for criticism, \"The World Is Not Enough\" earned $361,832,400 worldwide. It was also the first Eon-produced \"Bond\" film to be officially released under the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer label", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "1434471", "score": "1.8251202", "text": "by David Arnold. Arnold broke tradition by not ending the film with a reprise of the opening theme or, as with the previous three films, a new song. Originally, Arnold intended to use the song \"Only Myself to Blame\" at the end of the film; however, Apted discarded this and the song was replaced by a remix of the \"James Bond Theme\". \"Only Myself to Blame\", written by Arnold and Don Black and sung by Scott Walker, is the 19th and final track on the album and its melody is Elektra King's theme. The theme is heard in \"Casino\", \"Elektra's", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "8785212", "score": "1.8203399", "text": "orchestra conducted by Arnold collaborator Nicholas Dodd. Dodd described \"The World Is Not Enough\" as his favorite Bond score. Elektra King was provided with her own theme, most prominently heard in \"Casino,\" \"Elektra's Theme\" and \"I Never Miss.\" Arnold added two new themes to the Bond repertoire with this score, both of which are reused in \"Die Another Day\". The first is an action theme, performed on the upper-registers of the piano, heard during \"Pipeline\" and \"Submarine.\" The second is a romance theme, first heard in the film during the skiing sequence, but not heard here until the \"Christmas in", "title": "The World Is Not Enough (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "10751675", "score": "1.820141", "text": "Bond novel and followed the story closely, except in some details. For example, Elektra does not die immediately after Bond shoots her; instead, she begins quietly to sing. The novel also gave the Cigar Girl a name: Giulietta da Vinci, and retained a scene between her and Renard that was cut from theatrical release. Also, Bond is still carrying his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough, published in 1999, is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond based on the 1999 film", "title": "The World Is Not Enough (novel)" }, { "id": "1434480", "score": "1.8043213", "text": "game, the game includes only his likeness; the character is voiced by Adam Blackwood. The World Is Not Enough The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 British spy film, the nineteenth in the \"James Bond\" series produced by Eon Productions, and the third to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film was directed by Michael Apted, with the original story and screenplay written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Bruce Feirstein. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli. The title is taken from a line in the 1963 novel \"On Her", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "5090897", "score": "1.8031392", "text": "Numbers\" while she is right behind him. As Michael Kitchen was unable to reprise his role for \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", the character of Charles Robinson (played by Colin Salmon), was created in his stead. In \"The World Is Not Enough\", Tanner is seen at the Scotland MI6 building debriefing the agents on the murder of Sir Robert King, father of Elektra King. When Bond comes to the conclusion that Renard is behind it, Tanner is seen with them talking about what Renard can do or is planning to do. He is only seen again twice, when Elektra King contacts M", "title": "Bill Tanner" }, { "id": "1434462", "score": "1.7570157", "text": "writers' suggestion of a female villain, stating that \"With Elektra, Bond thinks he has found Tracy, but he's really found Blofeld\". Joe Dante, and later Peter Jackson, were initially offered the opportunity to direct the film. Barbara Broccoli enjoyed Jackson's \"Heavenly Creatures\", and a screening of \"The Frighteners\" was arranged for her. She disliked the latter film, however, and showed no further interest in Jackson. Jackson, a lifelong Bond fan, remarked that as Eon tended to go for less famous directors, he would likely not get another chance to direct a Bond film after \"The Lord of the Rings\". Hoping", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "3992564", "score": "1.7553554", "text": "terrorist group then launches an attack on the MI6 headquarters, prompting Bond to pursue the assassin through a London Underground station. Bond offers her protection, but she ultimately kills herself by exploding a hot air balloon. The MI6 traces the recovered money to a KGB agent-turned-terrorist known as Renard, who previously kidnapped King's daughter, Elektra. M assigns Bond to protect Elektra, who is about to oversee the construction of an oil pipeline in Azerbaijan. During a tour of the pipeline's proposed route in the mountains, Bond and Elektra are attacked by a hit squad in armed, paraglider-equipped snowmobiles. Bond suspects", "title": "The World Is Not Enough (Nintendo 64)" }, { "id": "478716", "score": "1.7193632", "text": "as the nuclear physicist Christmas Jones in the 1999 James Bond film \"The World Is Not Enough\" (1999). Though she considered her role \"brainy\", \"athletic\", and having depth of character, she was criticized as not credible in the role. Her outfit, which often comprised a low-cut tank top and tight shorts, elicited unfavorable comments. She was ranked as one of the worst Bond girls of all time by \"Entertainment Weekly\" in 2008, and was chosen as \"Worst Supporting Actress\" at the 1999 Razzie Awards for the role, although, Richards was also nominated for the Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favourite Actress", "title": "Denise Richards" }, { "id": "535358", "score": "1.7178245", "text": "Marceau achieved international recognition in 1995 playing the role of Princess Isabelle in Mel Gibson's \"Braveheart\". That year, she was part of an ensemble of international actors in the French film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and Wim Wenders, \"Beyond the Clouds\". In 1997, she continued her string of successful films with William Nicholson's \"Firelight\", filmed in England, Véra Belmont's \"Marquise\", filmed in France, and Bernard Rose's \"Anna Karenina\", filmed in Russia. In 1999, she played Hippolyta in \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", and the villainess Bond girl Elektra King in \"The World Is Not Enough\". In 2000, Marceau teamed up again", "title": "Sophie Marceau" }, { "id": "8785211", "score": "1.7159082", "text": "opening theme. Originally, Arnold intended to use the song \"Only Myself to Blame\", written by David Arnold & Don Black and sung by Scott Walker and inspired by the failed romance between Bond and Elektra King, who turns out to be a villain. However, director Michael Apted \"felt it was too much of a downer for the end of the movie\" and Arnold replaced it with a techno remix of the \"James Bond Theme\". \"Only Myself to Blame\", is the nineteenth and final track on the album. The soundtrack was recorded across six days in September 1999 by an 83-piece", "title": "The World Is Not Enough (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "713440", "score": "1.6814543", "text": "was portrayed by Phil Proctor. Llewelyn has appeared in more Bond films — seventeen — than any other actor to date. In \"The World Is Not Enough\" an assistant to Q was introduced, played by John Cleese. His real name was never revealed, but he was initially credited as \"R\" in \"The World Is Not Enough\", stemming from a joke in which Bond asks the elder Q: \"If you're Q, does that make him R?\" Between films, Cleese was still referred to as \"R\" in the video games \"\" (2000), \"007 Racing\" (2000) and \"Agent Under Fire\" (2001). He was", "title": "Q (James Bond)" }, { "id": "3625236", "score": "1.6804729", "text": "the theatrical film starring Gwyneth Paltrow that was released the same year. The television movie was broadcast in the US in 1997 on PBS. From 1994 to 2005, Bond played Miss Moneypenny, M's secretary at MI6, in the four James Bond films with Pierce Brosnan as Agent 007: \"GoldenEye\", \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", \"The World Is Not Enough\", and \"Die Another Day\". The role of Miss Moneypenny is the smallest role she ever played, yet the character remains a favorite among James Bond fans. In a BBC interview, Bond remarked that she would retire from the role if and when Pierce", "title": "Samantha Bond" }, { "id": "1434451", "score": "1.6794642", "text": "The World Is Not Enough The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 British spy film, the nineteenth in the \"James Bond\" series produced by Eon Productions, and the third to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film was directed by Michael Apted, with the original story and screenplay written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Bruce Feirstein. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli. The title is taken from a line in the 1963 novel \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\". The film's plot revolves around the assassination of billionaire Sir Robert", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "1434478", "score": "1.6610005", "text": "third worst film, above \"A View to a Kill\" and \"Licence to Kill\", while IGN chose it as the fifth worst. Richards was criticised as not being credible in the role of a nuclear scientist. Bond novelist Raymond Benson wrote his adaptation of \"The World Is Not Enough\" from the film's screenplay. It was Benson's fourth \"Bond\" novel and followed the story closely, but with some details changed. For instance, Elektra sings quietly before her death and Bond still carries his Walther PPK instead of the newer P99. The novel also gave the cigar girl/assassin the name Giulietta da Vinci", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "2013168", "score": "1.6495574", "text": "use three Bond girls: The first should die \"preferably in Bond's arms\" early, the second a villain whom Bond seduces before she dies in an unusual and gory way midway, and the third survives to the end of the film. In several, the Bond girl is revealed, after her tryst with Bond, to be a villainess. Examples are Fatima Blush (Barbara Carrera) in \"Never Say Never Again\" (1983), Elektra King (Sophie Marceau) in \"The World Is Not Enough\" (1999), and Miranda Frost (Rosamund Pike) in \"Die Another Day\" (2002). As of 2013 there have been only two films in which", "title": "Bond girl" }, { "id": "1434475", "score": "1.647293", "text": "Pierce Brosnan won both the Empire Award and the Blockbuster Entertainment Award as Best Actor, and David Arnold won a BMI Film Music Award for his score. The film became the first in the Bond series to win a Golden Raspberry when Denise Richards was chosen as \"Worst Supporting Actress\" at the 1999 Razzie Awards. Richards and Brosnan were also nominated for \"Worst Screen Couple\". The initial release of the DVD includes the featurette \"Secrets of 007\", which cuts into \"making of\" material during the film; the documentary \"The Making of The World Is Not Enough\"; two commentary tracks—one by", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "1434476", "score": "1.6125524", "text": "director Michael Apted, and the other by production designer Peter Lamont, second unit director Vic Armstrong, and composer David Arnold; a trailer for the , and the Garbage music video. The Ultimate Edition released in 2006 had as additional extras a 2000 documentary named \"Bond Cocktail\", a featurette on shooting the Q Boat scenes, Pierce Brosnan in a press conference in Hong Kong, deleted scenes, and a tribute to Desmond Llewelyn. Reception was mixed. \"Chicago Sun-Times\" critic Roger Ebert said the film was a \"splendid comic thriller, exciting and graceful, endlessly inventive\", and gave it three-and-a-half stars out of four.", "title": "The World Is Not Enough" }, { "id": "12512454", "score": "1.6122577", "text": "six of the actors who played as him and a lyric of the song is the 19th movie's title, \"The World Is Not Enough\". It also references Bond's family motto invented by Ian Fleming in \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\". The music video was released onto YouTube on 29 September 2008, it has the band playing in tuxedos on a white stage whilst there are men and women dancing to the side of the band. I Wish I Was James Bond \"I Wish I Was James Bond\" was the fifth single from Scouting for Girls' debut album, Scouting for Girls.", "title": "I Wish I Was James Bond" } ]

[ "canada", "etymology of canada", "canadaa", "canadialand", "Canada", "Canadá", "Canadiophile", "Canadaa", "Xanada", "America's top hat", "canada references", "Commonwealth of Canada", "canadiophile", "america s top hat", "ISO 3166-1:CA", "canadian federation", "Canada/References", "dominion of canada", "Kenadian", "commonwealth of canada", "Canada's", "Canadian Federation", "Canadialand", "canada s", "iso 3166 1 ca", "Čanada", "CANADA", "Dominion of canada", "xanada", "čanada", "Canada.", "cnada", "Dominion of Canada", "ᑲᓇᑕ", "Etymology of Canada", "The Dominion of Canada", "canadá", "kenadian", "Cnada" ]

[ { "id": "4915742", "score": "1.4823918", "text": "of the inexact coordinates (which by then could be measured through GPS.) Based on data obtained by Tufiño, it was believed that the equator passed through those two sites. However, according to readings based on the World Geodetic System WGS84, used in modern GPS systems and GIS products, the equator actually lies about 240 meters north of the marked line. Over the years, countless tourists have had their pictures taken straddling the line drawn down the center of the east-facing staircase and across the plaza. The pyramidal monument, with each side facing a cardinal direction is topped by a globe", "title": "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" }, { "id": "4915739", "score": "1.4599729", "text": "the poles of the characteristic shape of the Earth, by comparing the distance between a degree meridian in the equatorial zone to another level measured in Sweden. The older monument was moved 7 km to a small town near there called Calacalí. The UNASUR headquarters is currently under construction. Contrary to popular belief, there are only two points of interest positioned exactly on the equator: the Catequilla archaeological site, and the Quitsato Sundial. The placement of the equatorial line was defined throughout a 1736 expedition called the French Geodesic Mission . While such studies would later determine the exact measure", "title": "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" }, { "id": "12774147", "score": "1.4496623", "text": "satellite had shown the equatorial \"diameter\" from longitude 11° West to 169° East to be greater than its \"diameter\" ninety degrees away. The Equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the Equator passes through: Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea lies on the Equator. However, its island of Annobón is south of the Equator, and the rest of the country lies to the north. Seasons result from the tilt of the Earth's axis compared to the plane of its revolution around the Sun. Throughout the year the northern and", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": "4915741", "score": "1.4451908", "text": "measurements had indeed proved the world was oblate and not elongated (egg-shaped) at the poles, but their studies to define the placement of the equator were incorrect by 240 meters. The Catequilla ruins found throughout the expedition between 1735-1745 were actually situated at latitude 0 (), or the exact position where the Equatorial line crosses. In 1935, the Ecuadorean Government built a ten-meter high monument to honor the French expedition under the guidance of local geographer Luis Gudiño. In 1972, such monument was replaced by a thirty-meter high monument titled “Ciudad Mitad del Mundo” (Middle of the World City), regardless", "title": "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" }, { "id": "12774139", "score": "1.3953168", "text": "Equator An equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is its zeroth circle of latitude (parallel). It is the imaginary line on the spheroid's surface, equidistant from its poles, dividing it into northern and southern hemispheres. In other words, it is the intersection of the spheroid's surface with the plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation and midway between its geographical poles. On Earth, \"the Equator\" is about long, of which 78.8% lies across water and 21.3% over land. Indonesia is the country straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line across both land and sea. The name", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Extremes on Earth\n\nThis article lists extreme locations on Earth that hold geographical records or are otherwise known for their geophysical or meteorological superlatives. All of these locations are Earth-wide extremes; extremes of individual continents or countries are not listed.\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "Extremes on Earth" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mercator projection\n\nThe Mercator projection () is a cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. The map is thereby conformal. As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator. This inflation is very small near the equator but accelerates with increasing latitude to become infinite at the poles. As a result, landmasses such as Greenland, Antarctica and Russia appear far larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near the equator, such as Central Africa.", "title": "Mercator projection" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Equator\n\nThe equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the northern and southern hemispheres. On Earth, it is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can also be used for any other celestial body that is roughly spherical.\n\nIn spatial (3D) geometry, as applied in astronomy, the equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is the parallel (circle of latitude) at which latitude is defined to be 0°. It is an imaginary line on the spheroid, equidistant from its poles, dividing it into northern and southern hemispheres. In other words, it is the intersection of the spheroid with the plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation and midway between its geographical poles.\n\nOn and near the equator (on Earth), noontime sunlight appears almost directly overhead (no more than about 23° from the zenith) every day, year-round. Consequently, the equator has a rather stable daytime temperature throughout the year. On the equinoxes (approximately March 20 and September 23) the subsolar point crosses Earth's equator at a shallow angle, sunlight shines perpendicular to Earth's axis of rotation, and all latitudes have nearly a 12-hour day and 12-hour night.", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Geography and wealth\n\nGeography and wealth have long been perceived as correlated attributes of nations. Scholars such as Jeffrey D. Sachs argue that geography has a key role in the development of a nation's economic growth. For instance, nations that reside along coastal regions, or those who have access to a nearby water source, are more plentiful and able to trade with neighboring nations. In addition, countries that have a tropical climate face a significant amount of difficulties such as disease, intense weather patterns, and lower agricultural productivity. The correlation between geography and a nation's wealth can be observed by examining a country's GDP (gross national product) per capita, which takes into account a nation's economic output and population. \n\nThe wealthiest nations of the world with the highest standard of living tend to be those at the northern extreme of areas open to human habitation—including Northern Europe, the United States, and Canada. Within prosperous nations, wealth often increases with distance from the equator; for example, the Northeast United States has long been wealthier than its southern counterpart and northern Italy wealthier than southern regions of the country. Even within Africa this effect can be seen, as the nations farthest from the equator are wealthier. In Africa, the wealthiest nations are the three on the southern tip of the continent, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, and the countries of North Africa. Similarly, in South America, Argentina, Southern Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay have long been the wealthiest. Within Asia, Indonesia, located on the equator, is among the poorest. Within Central Asia, Kazakhstan is wealthier than other former Soviet Republics which border it to the south, like Uzbekistan. \n\nResearchers at Harvard's Center for International Development found in 2001 that only one tropical economy — Singapore — is classified as high-income by the World Bank, while all countries within regions zoned as temperate had either middle- or high-income economies.", "title": "Geography and wealth" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tide\n\nTides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another.\n\nTide tables can be used for any given locale to find the predicted times and amplitude (or \"tidal range\"). \nThe predictions are influenced by many factors including the alignment of the Sun and Moon, the phase and amplitude of the tide (pattern of tides in the deep ocean), the amphidromic systems of the oceans, and the shape of the coastline and near-shore bathymetry (see \"Timing\"). They are however only predictions, the actual time and height of the tide is affected by wind and atmospheric pressure. Many shorelines experience semi-diurnal tides—two nearly equal high and low tides each day. Other locations have a diurnal tide—one high and low tide each day. A \"mixed tide\"—two uneven magnitude tides a day—is a third regular category.\n\nTides vary on timescales ranging from hours to years due to a number of factors, which determine the lunitidal interval. To make accurate records, tide gauges at fixed stations measure water level over time. Gauges ignore variations caused by waves with periods shorter than minutes. These data are compared to the reference (or datum) level usually called mean sea level.\n\nWhile tides are usually the largest source of short-term sea-level fluctuations, sea levels are also subject to change from thermal expansion, wind, and barometric pressure changes, resulting in storm surges, especially in shallow seas and near coasts.\n\nTidal phenomena are not limited to the oceans, but can occur in other systems whenever a gravitational field that varies in time and space is present. For example, the shape of the solid part of the Earth is affected slightly by Earth tide, though this is not as easily seen as the water tidal movements.", "title": "Tide" }, { "id": "12864170", "score": "1.3933232", "text": "another line outside the monument, that shows the recorded position in 2005. The position of the equator in 2010 is even further south and in the river, as a GPS device can confirm. The Equator monument The Equator monument is located on the equator in Pontianak, Indonesia. It marks the division between the northern and southern hemispheres. The monument consists of four iron wood poles, each with a diameter of about 0,30 metre, with frontage bollard height is two pieces as high as 3,05 radian place backside bollard and the signpost dart as high as 4,40 metres. Its location is", "title": "The Equator monument" }, { "id": "2856639", "score": "1.3921056", "text": "preferred, and the Soviet station has been used for this role. This has been recognised by \"Guinness World Records\" in regard to Team N2i's expedition in 2006–2007. The oceanic pole of inaccessibility () is the place in the ocean that is farthest from land. It lies in the South Pacific Ocean, from the nearest lands: Ducie Island (part of the Pitcairn Islands) in the north, Motu Nui (part of the Easter Islands) in the northeast, and Maher Island (near the larger Siple Island, off the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica) in the south. Known as \"Point Nemo\", Nemo being", "title": "Pole of inaccessibility" }, { "id": "12774145", "score": "1.3914957", "text": "84 (World Geodetic System 1984) which is a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS, also has an equatorial radius of 6,378.137 kilometres (3,963.191 mi). For both GRS 80 and WGS 84, this results in a length for the Equator of 40,075.0167 km (24,901.4609 mi). The geographical mile is defined as one arc-minute of the Equator, so it has different values depending on which radius is assumed. For example, by WSG-84, the distance is , while by IAU-2000, it is . This is a difference of less than over the total distance (approximately ). The earth", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": "12774146", "score": "1.3835084", "text": "is commonly modeled as a sphere flattened 0.336% along its axis. This makes the Equator 0.16% longer than a meridian (a great circle passing through the two poles). The IUGG standard meridian is, to the nearest millimetre, , one arc-minute of which is , explaining the SI standardization of the nautical mile as , more than less than the geographical mile. The sea-level surface of the Earth (the geoid) is irregular, so the actual length of the Equator is not so easy to determine. \"Aviation Week and Space Technology\" on 9 October 1961 reported that measurements using the Transit IV-A", "title": "Equator" }, { "id": "111077", "score": "1.3784945", "text": "the point on the surface farthest from Earth's center of mass is the summit of the equatorial Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador. The average diameter of the reference spheroid is . Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid, although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth's radius: The maximum deviation of only 0.17% is at the Mariana Trench ( below local sea level), whereas Mount Everest ( above local sea level) represents a deviation of 0.14%. In geodesy, the exact shape that Earth's oceans would adopt in the absence of land and perturbations such as tides and", "title": "Earth" }, { "id": "11658540", "score": "1.3741052", "text": "Juan) and Lapland (Maupertuis, Clairaut, Camus, Le Monnier, Abbe Outhier, Celsius). The expedition to Peru is described in the French Geodesic Mission article and that to Lapland is described in the Torne Valley article. The resulting measurements at equatorial and polar latitudes confirmed that the Earth was best modelled by an oblate spheroid, supporting Newton. By 1743, Clairaut's theorem however had completely supplanted Newton's approach. By the end of the century, Delambre had remeasured and extended the French arc from Dunkirk to the Mediterranean. It was divided into five parts by four intermediate determinations of latitude. By combining the measurements", "title": "Meridian arc" }, { "id": "1777882", "score": "1.373748", "text": "Delambre surveyed the Paris meridian arc between Dunkirk and Barcelona. They extrapolated from this measurement the distance from the North Pole to the Equator which was 5 130 740 toises. As the metre had to be equal to one ten-million of this distance, it was defined as 0,513074 toises or 443,296 lignes of the Toise of Peru (see below). In South America Bouguer noticed, as did George Everest in the 19th century Great Trigonometric Survey of India, that the astronomical vertical tended to be pulled in the direction of large mountain ranges, due to the gravitational attraction of these huge", "title": "History of geodesy" }, { "id": "1674001", "score": "1.3723112", "text": "the Intiñan Solar Museum, which may be closer to the true equator. The Intiñan Solar Museum provides a demonstration which purports to show the Coriolis force causing a clockwise rotation of sink water a few meters south of the equator and a counterclockwise rotation a few meters north, but many scientific sources claim that this is implausible. (An African equator demonstration purports to show the Coriolis force causing a clockwise rotation of sink water a few meters north of the equator and a counterclockwise rotation a few meters south.) Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve, located a few miles northwest from La Mitad", "title": "Quito" }, { "id": "11658541", "score": "1.3700848", "text": "together with those for the arc of Peru, ellipsoid shape parameters were determined and the distance between the Equator and pole along the Paris Meridian was calculated as toises as specified by the standard toise bar in Paris. Defining this distance as exactly led to the construction of a new standard metre bar as toises. In the 19th century, many astronomers and geodesists were engaged in detailed studies of the Earth's curvature along different meridian arcs. The analyses resulted in a great many model ellipsoids such as Plessis 1817, Airy 1830, Bessel 1830, Everest 1830, and Clarke 1866. A comprehensive", "title": "Meridian arc" }, { "id": "277281", "score": "1.3699077", "text": "radius and great circle circumference equal to 6,371 km and 40,030 km respectively an RF of , for which \"R\" = 2.12 cm and \"W\" = 13.34 cm, implies that a ruler measurement of 3 mm. in any direction from a point on the equator corresponds to approximately 900 km. The corresponding distances for latitudes 20°, 40°, 60° and 80° are 846 km, 689 km, 450 km and 156 km respectively. Longer distances require various approaches. Scale is unity on the equator (for a non-secant projection). Therefore, interpreting ruler measurements on the equator is simple: For the above model, with", "title": "Mercator projection" }, { "id": "9934366", "score": "1.3676093", "text": "thalweg in 1975 was adjacent to the furthest point of exposed mud flats at \"astronomical lowest low tide.\" Point \"R\" thus constitutes the end of the land boundary of the two nations, despite being under water at all but the lowest tides. According to analysis by the International Boundary Research Unit (IBRU) at the UK's Durham University, the location provided by the Ministry of Defence for the location of the seizure is 1.7 nautical miles (3.1 km) southwest of this Point \"R\" boundary terminus and 1.6 nautical miles (2.9 km) south of this international boundary line. Thus the university says:", "title": "2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel" }, { "id": "3095038", "score": "1.3669482", "text": "the equator but a mere 35 km at the northern limit of an UTM zone. Thus the Krüger–\"n\" series are very much better than the Redfearn λ series. The Redfearn series becomes much worse as the zone widens. Karney discusses Greenland as an instructive example. The long thin landmass is centred on 42W and, at its broadest point, is no more than 750 km from that meridian while the span in longitude reaches almost 50 degrees. Krüger–\"n\" is accurate to within 1 mm but the Redfearn version of the Krüger–\"λ\" series has a maximum error of 1 kilometre. Karney's own", "title": "Transverse Mercator projection" }, { "id": "6951803", "score": "1.363458", "text": "radius of the semi-major axis of the Earth at the equator is 6,378,137.0 meters resulting in a circumference of 40,075,161.2 meters. The equator is divided into 360 degrees of longitude, so each degree at the equator represents 111,319.9 meters or approximately 111.32 km. As one moves away from the equator towards a pole, however, one degree of longitude is multiplied by the cosine of the latitude, decreasing the distance, approaching zero at the pole. The number of decimal places required for a particular precision at the equator is: A value in decimal degrees to a precision of 4 decimal places", "title": "Decimal degrees" }, { "id": "407901", "score": "1.352761", "text": "which is the most northerly point of land on Earth. The southernmost point is the islands of Southern Thule, although they are sometimes considered part of Antarctica. The mainland of the Americas is the world's longest north-to-south landmass. The distance between its two polar extremities, the Boothia Peninsula in northern Canada and Cape Froward in Chilean Patagonia, is roughly . The mainland's most westerly point is the end of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska; Attu Island, further off the Alaskan coast to the west, is considered the westernmost point of the Americas. Ponta do Seixas in northeastern Brazil forms the", "title": "Americas" }, { "id": "277279", "score": "1.3501225", "text": "equator. Only accurate Mercator projections of regions near the equator will necessitate the ellipsoidal corrections. Converting ruler distance on the Mercator map into true (great circle) distance on the sphere is straightforward along the equator but nowhere else. One problem is the variation of scale with latitude, and another is that straight lines on the map (rhumb lines), other than the meridians or the equator, do not correspond to great circles. The distinction between rhumb (sailing) distance and great circle (true) distance was clearly understood by Mercator. (See Legend 12 on the 1569 map.) He stressed that the rhumb line", "title": "Mercator projection" } ]

[ "punned", "Punners", "Embedded pun", "word pun", "paronomasia", "paronomastic", "punny", "pun", "Punned", "Punsters", "Punning", "paranomasia", "Lowest form of humor", "Pun", "No Pun Intended", "punster", "Punster", "punning", "kalembur", "punners", "Paronomastic", "Punnings", "Punny", "Word pun", "embedded pun", "punner", "punnings", "punsters", "Paranomasia", "punningly", "Paronomasia", "no pun intended", "Punningly", "lowest form of humor", "Punner", "Kalembur" ]

[ { "id": "626367", "score": "1.704211", "text": "Word play Word play or wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences, double entendres, and telling character names (such as in the play \"The Importance of Being Earnest\", \"Ernest\" being a given name that sounds exactly like the adjective \"earnest\"). Word play is quite common in oral cultures as a method of reinforcing meaning.", "title": "Word play" }, { "id": "626368", "score": "1.6532767", "text": "Examples of text-based (orthographic) word play are found in languages with or without alphabet-based scripts; for example, see homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese. Some techniques often used in word play include interpreting idioms literally and creating contradictions and redundancies, as in Tom Swifties: Linguistic fossils and set phrases are often manipulated for word play, as in Wellerisms: Another use of fossils is in using antonyms of unpaired words – \"I was well-coiffed and sheveled,\" (back-formation from \"disheveled\"). Most writers engage in word play to some extent, but certain writers are particularly committed to, or adept at, word play as a", "title": "Word play" }, { "id": "626370", "score": "1.6334893", "text": "to any grave, demonstrates use in rhyme. Crossword puzzles often employ wordplay to challenge solvers. Cryptic crosswords especially are based on elaborate systems of wordplay. An example of modern word play can be found on line 103 of Childish Gambino's \"III. Life: The Biggest Troll\".H2O plus my D, that's my hood, I'm living in itYoung Thug used a play on words in his verse on \"Sacrifices\" by Drake featuring 2 Chainz and Young Thug. Word play can enter common usage as neologisms. Word play is closely related to word games; that is, games in which the point is manipulating words.", "title": "Word play" }, { "id": "626371", "score": "1.6307365", "text": "See also language game for a linguist's variation. Word play can cause problems for translators: e.g. in the book \"Winnie-the-Pooh\" a character mistakes the word \"issue\" for the noise of a sneeze, a resemblance which disappears when the word \"issue\" is translated into another language. Word play Word play or wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions,", "title": "Word play" }, { "id": "5595923", "score": "1.5344546", "text": "definitions for a word (such as \"Writing Implement/Animal Enclosure\" for the word \"pen\"). Guessing the word awarded control of that space, while passing put up a block that the champion would have to go around. Multiple guesses were allowed with no penalty; the champion could move off a space only by giving a correct response or passing. The champion had 45 seconds to complete a path connecting the left and right sides of the board. Doing so won the jackpot, which began at $5,000 and increased by $2,500 for every day it went unclaimed. Failing to complete the path won", "title": "Wordplay (game show)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pun\n\nA pun, also known as paronomasia, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language. A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture.\n\nPuns have a long history in human writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.", "title": "Pun" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "O. Henry Pun-Off\n\nThe O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships is a yearly spoken word competition that takes place every May at the O. Henry Museum in Austin, Texas.\n\nStarted in 1978, the Pun-Off gathers fans of wordplay to celebrate the pun, which English poet and literary critic John Dryden called \"the lowest and most groveling kind of wit.\" The event has been organized and run since 1990 by Austinite Gary Hallock. A support group of former and current contestants was formed in 1990 to formalize the unwritten rules of the competition(s) and provide guidance and support for future events. Under the umbrella title of \"Punsters United Nearly Yearly\" (a.k.a. PUNY) this collection of loosely knit wits continues to be the public face of the event through its website, Groups.io group and Facebook page. Gary Hallock retired as producer in 2015. He was replaced by emcee and 2006 Punslinger World Champion, David Gugenheim. \n\nThe 40th Annual O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships were staged in 2017 and were promoted in Smithsonian Magazine. Videos of the 2016 champions can be found on that page. Former presidential speechwriter John Pollack documented his experience in the 1995 event in his 2011 book, \"The Pun Also Rises: How the Humble Pun Revolutionized Language, Changed History, and Made Wordplay More Than Some Antics.\"\n\nParticipants in the annual event compete in one or both of the two areas of punning prowess: \"Punniest of Show\", which features individuals performing a 90-second prepared piece filled with puns; and \"PunSlingers\", which pits individual punsters in head-to-head bouts of spontaneous punning on a randomly selected variation of traditional topic themes.\n\nFrom its inception, the O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships used a four-person panel of judges that offers scores of 1–10 based on performance, originality, and wit. The four scores were added together for a combined score of 4–40 for each participant. (Scores lower than 1 are raised to 1, and scores higher than 10 are lowered to 10.) The highest-scoring punster wins each event, with ties being decided by audience applause. Beginning in 2009, however, the judge panel was expanded to six people, with the highest and lowest scores discarded and the remaining four scores added together to form each participant's combined score of 4–40. This change was enacted to prevent any one judge from having the ability to disqualify a punster by giving a much lower score than the other judges.\n\nA separate award is also given yearly for the \"Most Viable Punster\", a title awarded by votes from each year's participants and given in honor of late punster George McClughan.\n\nThe 43rd Pun-Off took place online in 2020 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.", "title": "O. Henry Pun-Off" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Double entendre\n\nA double entendre (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, of which one is typically obvious, whereas the other often conveys a message that would be too socially awkward, sexually suggestive, or offensive to state directly.\n\nA double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text. Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun. When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a \"triple entendre\", etc.", "title": "Double entendre" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Signifyin'\n\nSignifyin' (sometimes written \"signifyin(g)\") (vernacular), is a wordplay. It is a practice in African-American culture involving a verbal strategy of indirection that exploits the gap between the denotative and figurative meanings of words. A simple example would be insulting someone to show affection. Other names for signifyin' include: \"Dropping lugs, joaning, sounding, capping, snapping, dissing, busting, bagging, janking, ranking, toasting, woofing, roasting, putting on, or cracking.\"\n\nSignifyin' directs attention to the connotative, context-bound significance of words, which is accessible only to those who share the cultural values of a given speech community. The expression comes from stories about the signifying monkey, a trickster figure said to have originated during slavery in the United States.\n\nThe American literary critic Henry Louis Gates Jr. wrote in \"The Signifying Monkey\" (1988) that signifyin' is \"a trope, in which are subsumed several other rhetorical tropes, including metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony (the master tropes), and also hyperbole, litotes, and metalepsis. To this list we could easily add aporia, chiasmus, and catachresis, all of which are used in the ritual of Signifyin(g).\"", "title": "Signifyin'" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Poetry" }, { "id": "1342402", "score": "1.5068856", "text": "of short, occasionally fragmented sentences spoken in a “[r]apid tempo throughout” “which in his 1978 rehearsals [he] likened to a lawn mower – a burst of energy followed by a pause, a renewed burst followed by another pause.” “He wrote each part separately, then interspersed them, working over the proper breaks in the speeches for a long time before he was satisfied.” One character speaks at a time and only when a strong spotlight shines in his or her face. The style is reminiscent of Mouth’s logorrhoea in \"Not I\", the obvious difference being that these characters constantly use first", "title": "Play (play)" }, { "id": "5595921", "score": "1.4935992", "text": "word. Choosing this word and guessing its definition correctly awarded a bonus prize to the contestant, usually if not always a vacation, which was his/hers to keep regardless of the game's outcome. The contestant with the higher total after three rounds advanced to the bonus round. If the game ended in a tie, a seventh word was played, selected by the champion (or the contestant on the left). Each celebrity gave a brief definition with no accompanying story, and the champion had the option to either play the word or pass it to the challenger. A correct guess won the", "title": "Wordplay (game show)" }, { "id": "13245042", "score": "1.4836812", "text": "a proper pun has been adopted by the O. Henry Pun-Off. The first and most common form presented is wordplay using homonyms that deliberately exploits ambiguity between similar-sounding words for humorous or rhetorical effect. The second accepted type of pun is a lesser used form of euphemism or double entendre, where an alternate meaning is suggested for a word for comedic effect. Each entered contestant will be allowed to present a pun-filled performance on stage. Puns may be presented in any format (e.g., visual, musical, stand-up routine, etc.), and will be scored on a scale of 1-10 by a panel", "title": "O. Henry Pun-Off" }, { "id": "7170473", "score": "1.4688997", "text": "ape characters humorously confronting and conversing with each other in order to understand the purpose of the exercise put upon them. Although clearly a comedy, the ending tone of the play can differ much from production to production, and generally will depend on the actor's (and director's) interpretation of the Swift character. Swift drives the action, with his rebellion to Dr. Rosenbaum and his experiment, with Milton acting as either a friend or antagonist trying to convince Swift to go along with and use the system. (Swift: \"Why are you so god-damned ready to justify the ways of Rosenbaum to", "title": "Words, Words, Words" }, { "id": "12542224", "score": "1.4653352", "text": "both vowels and consonants.) Play on Words is a handy game for home or travel. Only a tabletop is required. Valid words cannot be proper nouns, foreign words, profanity, or words with punctuation. Players score one point per letter of words on their side of the table, at end of game. The player with the most points wins that round. Play On Words (game) Play on Words is a word card game, in which players build words from 8 stacks of cards which show available letters. Players earn points by building words from the stacks or stealing opponents' words. Words", "title": "Play On Words (game)" }, { "id": "4169301", "score": "1.4589229", "text": "on English words with accented letters, such as née, though the deck contains no such letters. Players must also decide for themselves if they will allow shortened word forms such as ad (for advertisement) and math. A player may challenge any other player if he feels that the latter has used a word that is not an allowable word. If the word is an allowable word, the challenging player must subtract from his score the number of points in the word. If it is not, the challenged player must subtract from his score the number of points in the word.", "title": "Quiddler" }, { "id": "1550632", "score": "1.4558563", "text": "words\"—words which are taboo for reasons connected with superstition: for example, calling the devil \"Old Nick\", calling Macbeth \"the Scottish Play\" or saying \"baker's dozen\" instead of thirteen. \"Innuendo\" refers to something suggested but not explicitly stated. \"Equivocation\" is the use of ambiguous language to avoid telling the truth or forming commitments. Circumlocution Circumlocution (also called circumduction, circumvolution, periphrasis, kenning or ambage) is a phrase that circles around a specific idea with multiple words rather than directly evoking it with fewer and apter words. It is sometimes necessary in communication (for example, to avoid lexical gaps that would cause untranslatability),", "title": "Circumlocution" }, { "id": "1342416", "score": "1.4554734", "text": "light is even more ambiguous, for it has also been seen as “a metaphor for our attention (relentless, all-consuming, whimsical)” and a way of “switching on and switching off speech exactly as a playwright does when he moves from one line of dialogue on his page to the next.” Neither of these analogies conflicts with the more popular views where the spotlight is believed to represent God, or some other moral agent tasked with assessing, each character's case to be relieved from the binds of the urn by having them relive this relationship, which has ruined all their lives. This", "title": "Play (play)" }, { "id": "13092687", "score": "1.4547863", "text": "and our minds together crumbles.\" The most prominent way of how Handke challenged the meaning of language is found at the very end of the play. The actors first begin to compliment the audience on how perfect they were and then proceed to call them various insults. The names the actors call the audience seem to become more and more random. The point here is to create acoustic patterns in the words so that they eventually become meaningless. As is evident from the name, the whole show leads up to the point at the end where the audience gets \"offended.\"", "title": "Offending the Audience" }, { "id": "5525579", "score": "1.4516499", "text": "sometimes unpredictable (though logical patterns can usually be found without difficulty). Sometimes, a lot of the game's fun can arise from the seemingly strange or amusing associations that people make between words. It is also found amusing what you can get from an original word, and how they contrast distinctly, for example, from the word \"tea\" you could get the word \"murder\". The game can be played actively or passively, sometimes taking many weeks to complete, and can in fact be played with any number of players, even one. Example: Soda, Sprite, Fairy, Tinkerbell, Peter Pan, Pans, Skillet, Kitchens, Refrigerator,", "title": "Word Association" }, { "id": "5067908", "score": "1.450329", "text": "create suspense. The pace builds towards a climactic obligatory scene, in which the hero triumphs. This scene contains a climactic reversal of fortune, or peripeteia. A dénouement follows, in which all remaining plot points are unraveled and resolved. A recurrent device that the well-made play employs is the use of letters or papers falling into unintended hands, in order to bring about plot twists and climaxes. The letters bring about an unexpected and climactic reversal of fortune, in which it is often revealed that someone is not who they pretend to be. Mistaken or mysterious identity as a basis for", "title": "Well-made play" }, { "id": "573025", "score": "1.4471359", "text": "game of \"Mad Libs\", a chosen player asks each other player to provide parts of speech without providing any contextual information (e.g., \"Give me a proper noun\", or \"Give me an adjective\"), and these words are inserted into pre-composed sentences with a correct grammatical structure, but in which certain words have been omitted. The humor of the game is in the generation of sentences which are grammatical but which are meaningless or have absurd or ambiguous meanings (such as 'loud sharks'). The game also tends to generate humorous double entendres. There are likely earlier examples of such sentences, possibly from", "title": "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" }, { "id": "12497399", "score": "1.446696", "text": "Inherently funny word Certain words have been suggested to be inherently funny. Vaudeville tradition holds that words with the letter \"k\" are funny. A 2015 study at the University of Alberta suggested that the humor of certain nonsense words can be explained by whether they seem rude, and by the property of entropy – the improbability of certain letters being used together in a word. The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer posited that humor is a product of one's expectations being violated. (Realisation) Vaudeville words can be found in Neil Simon's 1972 play \"The Sunshine Boys\", in which an aging comedian gives", "title": "Inherently funny word" }, { "id": "12497406", "score": "1.445646", "text": "a joke.\" Inherently funny word Certain words have been suggested to be inherently funny. Vaudeville tradition holds that words with the letter \"k\" are funny. A 2015 study at the University of Alberta suggested that the humor of certain nonsense words can be explained by whether they seem rude, and by the property of entropy – the improbability of certain letters being used together in a word. The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer posited that humor is a product of one's expectations being violated. (Realisation) Vaudeville words can be found in Neil Simon's 1972 play \"The Sunshine Boys\", in which an aging", "title": "Inherently funny word" }, { "id": "7083315", "score": "1.4422624", "text": "one, while the second, figurative meaning is often ironic or risqué and requires the hearer to have some additional knowledge to understand the joke. A pun consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for humorous effect, whether humorous or serious. A pun can rely on the assumed equivalency of multiple similar words (homonymy), of different shades of meaning of one word (polysemy), or of a literal meaning with a metaphor. Juxtaposition is a literary technique which causes the audience to compare two elements simply because they are placed next to each other. When the comparison is unexpected,", "title": "Comedic device" } ]

[ "People’s Republic of China", "people s republic or china", "Territorial disputes of China", "people s republic of china prc", "Peoples republic of China", "chung kuo", "Zhong Guo", "The Peoples Republic of China", "Zhonghuarenmingongheguo", "Sinic", "Peoples' Republic of China", "Zhonghuá rénmín gònghéguó", "PR China", "zhongguó", "pr of china", "中华人民共和国", "Zhongguó", "Zhonghua Renmin Gonghe Guo", "ISO 3166-1:CN", "People's Republic of China (PRC)", "china prc", "China, PRC", "china republic 1949", "p r of china", "China (PRC)", "proc", "中國", "zhonghua renmin gongheguo", "China PRC", "P.R. China", "cihna", "Red Chinese", "Prc", "jhongguó", "territorial disputes of china", "pr of c", "Chinese PR", "Nation of China", "peoples republic of china", "Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo", "prc china", "Homes in china", "Pr of china", "zhōngguó", "P.r. of china", "Chaina", "homes in china", "China, People's Republic of", "socialist china", "China (Peking)", "people s repuublic of china", "People' s Republic of China", "Zhongguo", "state of china", "The People’s Republic of China", "chungkuo", "China's", "sinic", "中国", "red china modern", "Peoples Republic of China", "Chung-kuo", "P.R. of China", "china", "P.R.C.", "Pr of c", "chinese pr", "red chinese", "PR of China", "Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó", "people republic of china", "China (Republic : 1949- )", "People's republic of china", "nation of china", "zhongguo", "communist china modern", "zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó", "The PRC", "PRChina", "Modern day China", "Chinese People's Republic", "iso 3166 1 cn", "中華人民共和國", "P.R.China", "China People's Republic", "China", "中华", "China (People's Republic)", "People's Republic of China (Mainland China)", "State of China", "Communist China (modern)", "Red China (modern)", "china s", "PRC (China)", "Chungkuo", "PRoC", "People' Republic of China", "Zhonghua renmin gongheguo", "china people s republic", "prchina", "pr china", "People's republic of China", "Land of China", "P. R. China", "The People's Republic of China", "prc", "modern day china", "P. R. of China", "The people's republic of china", "zhong guo", "china pr", "P.R. of CHINA", "zhonghua renmin gonghe guo", "Jhongguó", "PROC", "chaina", "people s republic of china mainland china", "The prc", "china people s republic of", "Peoples republic of china", "Chung-Kuo", "China PR", "People's Republic of China", "Pr china", "China, the People's Republic of", "Zhōngguó", "People's Republic or China", "p r china", "zhonghuarenmingongheguo", "CHINA", "PRC", "People's Republic Of China", "(The People's Republic of) China", "中華", "p r c", "zhonghuá rénmín gònghéguó", "chinese people s republic", "china peking", "people s republic of china", "Socialist China", "land of china", "People's repuublic of china", "Cihna" ]

[ { "id": "1844266", "score": "1.7906525", "text": "Cathay Cathay () is an alternative historical name for China in English. During the early modern period Europeans thought of \"Cathay\" as a completely separate and distinct culture from China. As knowledge of East Asia increased, Cathay came to be seen as the same nation as China and the term '\"Cathay\" became a poetic name for the nation. The name \"Cathay\" originates from the word Khitan (), the name of a nomadic people who founded the Liao Empire which ruled much of today's Northern China from 907 to 1125, and who later migrated west after they were overthrown by the", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1844284", "score": "1.7498896", "text": "language, the word Cathay was sometimes used for China, although increasingly only in a poetic sense, until the 19th century when it was completely replaced by \"China\". A person from Cathay (i.e., a Chinese person) was also written in English as a Cathayan or a Cataian. However the terms \"China\" and \"Cathay\" have histories of approximately equal length in English. The term is still used poetically. Cathay is more prevalent as proper noun in names, such as Cathay Pacific Airways or Cathay Hotel. The flagship airline of Hong Kong is called as such because the founders envisioned that one day,", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1844285", "score": "1.7188232", "text": "the airline would cross the Pacific Ocean from China. Cathay Bank is a bank with multiple branches throughout the United States and overseas. Cathay Cineplex is a cinema operator in Singapore. Cathay Cathay () is an alternative historical name for China in English. During the early modern period Europeans thought of \"Cathay\" as a completely separate and distinct culture from China. As knowledge of East Asia increased, Cathay came to be seen as the same nation as China and the term '\"Cathay\" became a poetic name for the nation. The name \"Cathay\" originates from the word Khitan (), the name", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1534099", "score": "1.6698934", "text": "in whose language the final -n or -ń became -y. The name was then introduced to medieval and early modern Europe through Islamic and Russian sources. In English and in several other European languages, the name \"Cathay\" was used in the translations of the adventures of Marco Polo, which used this word for northern China. Words related to Khitay are still used in many Turkic and Slavic languages to refer to China. However, its use by Turkic speakers within China, such as the Uyghurs, is considered pejorative by the Chinese authority who tried to ban it. There is no evidence", "title": "Names of China" }, { "id": "1844283", "score": "1.6637961", "text": "Hisao Migo (, a Japanese botanist) published a paper describing \"Iris cathayensis\" (meaning \"Chinese iris\") in the \"Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute\". Below is the etymological progression from Khitan to Cathay as the word travelled westward: In many Turkic and Slavic languages a form of \"Cathay\" (e.g., , \"Kitay\") remains the usual modern name for China. In Javanese, the word ꦏꦠꦻ (Katai, Katé) exists, and it refers to 'east asian', literally mean 'dwarf' or 'short-legged' in today's language. \"Travels in the Land of Kublai Khan\" by Marco Polo has a story called \"The Road to Cathay\". In the English", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cathay\n\nCathay (; ) is a historical name for China that was used in Europe. During the early modern period, the term \"Cathay\" initially evolved as a term referring to what is now Northern China, completely separate and distinct from China, which was a reference to southern China. As knowledge of East Asia increased, Cathay came to be seen as the same polity as China as a whole. The term \"Cathay\" became a poetic name for China.\n\nThe name \"Cathay\" originates from the word \"Khitan\", a name of a para-Mongolic nomadic people who ruled the Liao dynasty in northern China from 916 to 1125, and who later migrated west after they were overthrown by the Jin dynasty to form the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) for another century thereafter. Originally, this name was the name applied by Central and Western Asians and Europeans to northern China; the name was also used in Marco Polo's book on his travels in Yuan dynasty China (he referred to southern China as \"Mangi\"). Odoric of Pordenone (d. 1331) also writes about Cathay and the Khan in his travelbooks from his journey before 1331, perhaps 1321–1330.", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Names of China\n\nThe names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as \"Zhōngguó\" (/, \"middle country\") in its national language, Standard Mandarin. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became common usage in the West in the subsequent centuries. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also thought that the ultimate source of the name China is the Chinese word \"Qin\" (), the name of the dynasty that unified China but also existed as a state for many centuries prior. There are, however, other alternative suggestions for the origin of the word.\n\nChinese names for China, aside from \"Zhongguo\", include \"Zhōnghuá\" (/, \"central beauty\"), \"Huáxià\" (/, \"beautiful grandness\"), \"Shénzhōu\" (, \"divine state\") and \"Jiǔzhōu\" (, \"nine states\"). \"Hàn\" (/) and \"Táng\" () are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity, despite the Chinese nationality (\"Zhōnghuá Mínzú\") not referencing any singular ethnicity. The People's Republic of China () and Republic of China () are the official names for the two contemporary sovereign states currently claiming sovereignty over the traditional area of China. \"Mainland China\" is used to refer to areas under the jurisdiction of the PRC, usually excluding Hong Kong and Macau.\n\nThere are also names for China used around the world that are derived from the languages of ethnic groups other than the Han; examples include \"Cathay\" from the Khitan language and \"Tabgach\" from Tuoba.", "title": "Names of China" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of alternative country names\n\nMost sovereign states have alternative names. Some countries have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names and initialisms for all nations, countries, and sovereign states, in English and any predominant or official languages of the country in question.\n\nCountries are listed alphabetically by their \"description\", the most common name or term that is politically neutral and unambiguous. This may be followed by a note as to the status of the description used.\n\n", "title": "List of alternative country names" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Li Bai\n\nLi Bai (, 701–762), also pronounced as Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai (), was a Chinese poet, acclaimed from his own time to the present as a brilliant and romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights. He and his friend Du Fu (712–770) were two of the most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the Tang dynasty, which is often called the \"Golden Age of Chinese Poetry\". The expression \"Three Wonders\" denotes Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordplay, and Zhang Xu's calligraphy.\n\nAround 1000 poems attributed to Li are extant. His poems have been collected into the most important Tang dynasty poetry, \"Heyaue yingling ji\", compiled in 753 by Yin Fan. Thirty-four of Li Bai’s poems are included in the anthology \"Three Hundred Tang Poems\", which was first published in the 18th century. Around the same time, translations of his poems began to appear in Europe. The poems were models for celebrating the pleasures of friendship, the depth of nature, solitude, and the joys of drinking wine. Among the most famous are \"Waking from Drunkenness on a Spring Day\", \"The Hard Road to Shu\", and \"Quiet Night Thought\", which are still taught in schoolbooks in China. In the West, multilingual translations of Li's poems continue to be made. His life has even taken on a legendary aspect, including tales of drunkenness, chivalry, and the well-known tale that Li drowned when he reached from his boat to grasp the moon's reflection in the river while drunk.\n\nMuch of Li's life is reflected in his poetry, the poems are about places he visited, friends whom he saw off on journeys to distant locations perhaps never to meet again, his own dream-like imaginations embroidered with shamanic overtones, current events of which he had news, descriptions taken from nature in a timeless moment of poetry, and so on. However, of particular importance are the changes in the times through which he lived. His early poetry took place in the context of a \"golden age\" of internal peace and prosperity in the Tang dynasty, under the reign of an emperor who actively promoted and participated in the arts. This ended with the beginning with the rebellion of general An Lushan. His rebellion led most of Northern China to be devastated by war and famine. Li's poetry during this period has taken new tones and qualities. Unlike his younger friend Du Fu, Li did not live to see the end of the chaos. However, much of Li's poetry has survived, retaining enduring popularity in mainland China and Taiwan. Li Bai is depicted in the \"Wu Shuang Pu\" (無雙譜, \"Table of Peerless Heroes\") by Jin Guliang.", "title": "Li Bai" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ezra Pound\n\nEzra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement, and a fascist collaborator in Italy during World War II. His works include \"Ripostes\" (1912), \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\" (1920), and his 800-page epic poem, \"The Cantos\" (c. 1917–1962).\n\nPound's contribution to poetry began in the early 20th century with his role in developing Imagism, a movement stressing precision and economy of language. Working in London as foreign editor of several American literary magazines, he helped discover and shape the work of contemporaries such as T. S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, and James Joyce. He was responsible for the 1914 serialization of Joyce's \"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man\", the 1915 publication of Eliot's \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\", and the serialization from 1918 of Joyce's \"Ulysses\". Hemingway wrote in 1932 that, for poets born in the late 19th or early 20th century, not to be influenced by Pound would be \"like passing through a great blizzard and not feeling its cold.\"\n\nAngered by the carnage of World War I, Pound blamed the war on finance capitalism, which he called \"usury\". He moved to Italy in 1924 and through the 1930s and 1940s promoted an economic theory known as social credit, wrote for publications owned by the British fascist Sir Oswald Mosley, embraced Benito Mussolini's fascism, and expressed support for Adolf Hitler. During World War II and the Holocaust in Italy, he made hundreds of paid radio broadcasts for the Italian government, including in German-occupied Italy, attacking the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Great Britain, international finance, munitions makers and mongers, and Jews, among others, as causes, abettors and prolongers of the world war, as a result of which he was arrested in 1945 by American forces in Italy on charges of treason. He spent months in a U.S. military camp in Pisa, including three weeks in an outdoor steel cage. Deemed unfit to stand trial, he was incarcerated in St. Elizabeths psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C., for over 12 years.\n\nWhile in custody in Italy, Pound began work on sections of \"The Cantos\", which were published as \"The Pisan Cantos\" (1948), for which he was awarded the Bollingen Prize for Poetry in 1949 by the Library of Congress, causing enormous controversy. After a campaign by his fellow writers, he was released from St. Elizabeths in 1958 and lived in Italy until his death in 1972. His economic and political views have ensured that his life and work remain controversial.", "title": "Ezra Pound" }, { "id": "1844275", "score": "1.6419295", "text": "about the country from Chinese books and from conversation with people of all walks of life. During his first 15 years in China (1583–1598) Matteo Ricci formed a strong suspicion that Marco Polo's \"Cathay\" is simply the \"Tatar\" (i.e., Mongol) name for the country he was in, i.e. China. Ricci supported his arguments by numerous correspondences between Marco Polo's accounts and his own observations: Most importantly, when the Jesuits first arrived to Beijing 1598, they also met a number of \"Mohammedans\" or \"Arabian Turks\" – visitors or immigrants from the Muslim countries to the west of China, who told Ricci", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "17870594", "score": "1.6339206", "text": "Cathay (poetry collection) Cathay (1915) is a collection of classical Chinese poetry translated into English by modernist poet Ezra Pound based on Ernest Fenollosa's notes that came into Pound's possession in 1913. At first Pound used the notes to translate Noh plays and then to translate Chinese poetry to English, despite a complete lack of knowledge of the Chinese language. The volume's 15 poems are seen less as strict translations and more as new pieces in their own right; and, in his bold translations of works from a language he was unfamiliar with, Pound set the stage for a modernist", "title": "Cathay (poetry collection)" }, { "id": "1844273", "score": "1.6326418", "text": "known China under names similar to \"Cathay\", that country was known to the peoples of South-East Asia and India under names similar to \"China\" (cf. e.g. \"Cina\" in modern Malay). Meanwhile, in China itself, people usually referred to their nation state based on the name of the ruling dynasty, e.g. \"Da Ming Guo\" (\"the kingdom of the Great Ming\"), or as the \"Middle Kingdom\" (\"Zhongguo\" 中國); see also Names of China for details. When the Portuguese reached South-East Asia (Afonso de Albuquerque conquering Malacca in 1511) and the southern coast of China (Jorge Álvares reaching the Pearl River estuary in", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1844271", "score": "1.6319151", "text": "as \"Cathay\" (in a number of spelling variants) as well. The name occurs in the writings of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine (c. 1180–1252) (as \"Kitaia\"), William of Rubruck (c. 1220–c. 1293) (as \"Cataya\" or \"Cathaia\"). Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, ibn Battuta, Marco Polo all were referring to Northern China as Cathay, while Southern China, ruled by the Song dynasty, was \"Mangi\", \"Manzi\", \"Chin\", or \"Sin\". The word \"Manzi\" (蠻子) or \"Mangi\" is a derogatory term in Chinese meaning \"barbarians of the south\" (\"Man\" was used to describe unsinicised Southern China in its earlier periods), and would therefore not have been used", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "3468709", "score": "1.6303879", "text": "from Old English haga. An unlikely explanation which is sometimes found is that it is from 'Cad Hayes' – cad, the Welsh word for battle, and the various shades of meaning of the medieval English hague/hay above. The current term shares its orthography, but not its pronunciation nor meaning with 'Cathay', an alternative name for China. By the medieval period farmland outside the old Cardiff Castle, Cathays takes in the northern limit of medieval Cardiff — marked by the crossroads of Fairoak Road and Crwys Road. After John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute, married The Hon. Charlotte Hickman-Windsor (daughter of", "title": "Cathays" }, { "id": "1844274", "score": "1.6140559", "text": "1513), they started calling the country by the name used in South and South-East Asia. It was not immediately clear to the Europeans whether this \"China\" is the same country as \"Cathay\" known from Marco Polo. Therefore, it would not be uncommon for 16th-century maps to apply the label \"China\" just to the coastal region already well known to the Europeans (e.g., just Guangdong on Abraham Ortelius' 1570 map), and to place the mysterious Cathay somewhere inland. It was a small group of Jesuits, led by Matteo Ricci who, being able both to travel throughout China and to read, learned", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1844267", "score": "1.6103861", "text": "Jurchens to form the Qara Khitai centered on today's Kyrgyzstan for another century thereafter. Originally, this name was the name applied by Central and Western Asians and Europeans to northern China; the name was also used in Marco Polo's book on his travels in China (he referred to southern China as \"Mangi\"). The term \"Cathay\" came from the name for the Khitans. A form of the name \"Cathai\" is attested in a Uyghur Manichaean document circa 1000. The Khitans refer to themselves as Qidan, but in the language of the ancient Uyghurs the final -n or -ń became -y, and", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "3529642", "score": "1.6101418", "text": "that \"Cathay\" was China and \"Cambaluc\" Beijing. (The journal then fancifully explained that name was \"partly of Chinese and partly of Tartar origin\", from \"Tartar\" \"cam\" (\"great\"), Chinese \"ba\" (\"north\"), and Chinese \"Lu\" (used for nomads in Chinese literature). Many European maps continued to show \"Cathay\" and its capital \"Cambaluc\" somewhere northeast of China proper, however, for much of the 17th century. Khanbaliq Khanbaliq or Dadu was the capital of the Yuan dynasty, the main center of the Mongol Empire founded by Kublai Khan in what is now Beijing, also the capital of China today. It was located at the", "title": "Khanbaliq" }, { "id": "1844280", "score": "1.6085811", "text": "this period, many cartographers were placing Cathay on the Pacific coast, north of Beijing (Pekin) which was already well-known to Europeans. The borders drawn on some of these maps would first make Cathay the northeastern section of China (e.g. by Gerardus Mercator), or, later, a region separated by China by the Great Wall and possibly some mountains and/or wilderness (as in a by Jodocus Hondius, or a by John Speed). J. J. L. Duyvendak hypothesized that it was the ignorance of the fact that \"China\" is the mighty \"Cathay\" of Marco Polo that allowed the Dutch governor of East Indies", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1338909", "score": "1.6035123", "text": "settled on until the 1950s. It comes from a meaning \"grand and peaceful state\" and was at the time often used by other businesses called \"Cathay\" in English. According to legend, the airline's unique name was conceived by Farrell and some foreign correspondents at the bar of the Manila Hotel, while another narrative was the name was taken in the Cathay Hotel in Shanghai Bund, during drinking and brainstorming, and choosing Cathay was to avoid the word China in the airline name. 25 September, on Cathay Pacific's maiden voyage, de Kantzow and Peter Hoskins flew from Sydney to Hong Kong", "title": "Cathay Pacific" }, { "id": "1844282", "score": "1.6031756", "text": "started reciting the names of the 12 divisions into which, according to Nasir al-Din, the \"Cathayans\" were dividing the day – and Martini, who of course knew no Persian, was able to continue the list. The names of the 24 solar terms matched as well. The story, soon published by Martini in the \"Additamentum\" to his Atlas of China, seemed to have finally convinced most European scholars that China and Cathay were the same. Even then, some people still viewed Cathay as distinct from China, as did John Milton in the 11th Book of his \"Paradise Lost\" (1667). In 1939,", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "1844270", "score": "1.5979421", "text": "\"Pratica della mercatura\", a guide about trade in China, a country he called \"Cathay\", noting the size of Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) and how merchants could exchange silver for Chinese paper money that could be used to buy luxury items such as silk. Words related to Khitay are still used in many Turkic and Slavic languages to refer to China. However, its use by Turkic speakers within China, such as the Uyghurs, is considered pejorative by the Chinese authority who had tried to ban it. As European and Arab travelers started reaching the Mongol Empire, they described the Mongol-controlled Northern China", "title": "Cathay" }, { "id": "17870597", "score": "1.5744178", "text": "in Asia. The papers were sent to Pound in London and upon examining them his first task was to rewrite Fenollosa's basic translations of Noh plays, often in the form of poetry. These were to become the basis for Pound's translations of Noh plays and Asian poetry. The notes included translations of Chinese Taoist poetry; Pound quickly saw that the poetry was \"terse, polished [and] emotionally suggestive\". The translations Pound made of the 15 poems collected in \"Cathay\" were directly derived from Fenollosa's notes. The volume was published by Elkin Mathews in London, with a print-run of 1,000, on April", "title": "Cathay (poetry collection)" }, { "id": "17870601", "score": "1.5723249", "text": "a kind of clairvoyance.\" Asian and American literature scholar Steven Yao writes that Pound saw in his lack of formal Chinese training a kind of freedom that allowed him to interpret the Chinese characters in a manner he saw fit, making the work closer to a newly written original piece instead of a mere translation. The volume was published during a period when Pound felt despondent about his work, and he added a defense on the last page: \"I give only these unquestionable poems ...[otherwise] it is quite certain that the personal hatred by which I am held by many,", "title": "Cathay (poetry collection)" }, { "id": "11551390", "score": "1.5533855", "text": "Islamic and Russian sources becoming \"Cathay\". In the modern era, the word is still used by the Uyghurs who from China's Xinjiang region. The Han Chinese consider its use to be pejorative and the Chinese government has tried to ban its use. According to an official history compiled in the 14th century, a \"sacred man\" (\"shen-ren\") on a white horse had eight sons with a \"heavenly woman\" (\"tiannü\") who rode in a cart pulled by a grey ox. The man came from the T'u River (Lao Ha river in modern day Jilin, Manchuria) and the woman from the Huang River", "title": "Khitan people" } ]

[ "flintstones 1980", "Hoppy (The Flintstones)", "Flinstones", "flintstones fox television series", "Yaba Daba Doo", "flintstones fox tv series", "Hollyrock", "Loyal Order of Water Buffaloes Lodge No. 26", "The Flinstones (2013 TV series)", "mr slate", "overview of flintstones", "flinstones 2013 tv series", "The Flintstones (Fox television series)", "baby puss flintstones", "The Flintstones (Fox TV series)", "hoppy flintstones", "flintstone", "The Flintstones Fox", "list of flintstones characters", "The Flintstones (2013)", "The Flagstones", "Yabadabadoo", "flintstones fox", "The Flintstones (1980)", "The Flintstones", "flintstones", "flintstones 2013", "loyal order of water buffaloes lodge no 26", "Flintstones", "flagstones", "Loyal Order of Water Buffaloes", "Flintstones, The", "Mr. Slate", "yaba daba doo", "yabadabadoo", "loyal order of water buffaloes", "hollyrock", "Baby Puss (The Flintstones)", "flinstones", "Overview of The Flintstones", "List of The Flintstones characters", "The Flinstones", "The Flintstone" ]

[ { "id": "1900011", "score": "1.636719", "text": "\"yabba dabba doo!\", a phrase that was originally his club's cheer, and later adopted as part of the theme song from the third season on and used in the 1994 live-action \"Flintstones\" movie. Since the original series' run, Fred has since appeared in various other cartoon spinoffs, live action adaptations, music videos, and commercials. While the mid-1980s spin-off series \"The Flintstone Kids\" depicts Fred as a child, the series may be apocryphal due to its presenting Wilma as a childhood friend of Fred and Barney; the original series asserts that they first met as young adults. Still, the series' depictions", "title": "Fred Flintstone" }, { "id": "19450518", "score": "1.59992", "text": "\"Heidi's Song\", an animated theatrical feature that was currently in production at the time, which would see release five years later in 1982. The special spotlights several animated characters as The Flintstones, Ruff and Reddy, Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, Quick Draw McGraw, Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, Tom and Jerry and many others, as well as feature-length pieces including \"Jack and the Beanstalk\" (1967), \"Charlotte's Web\" (1973) and \"Cyrano\" (1974). It also includes film clips in which the duo pioneered the technique of mixing animation with live-action such as Gene Kelly dancing with Jerry Mouse in \"Anchors", "title": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera" }, { "id": "1900019", "score": "1.5854938", "text": "is also an avid driver. In the fifth-season episode \"Indianrockolis 500,\" Fred entered the famed prehistoric auto race under the pseudonym \"Goggles Paisano\". Fred's catchphrase is \"Yabba-Dabba-Doo!\"; Alan Reed, voice actor who provided Fred's voice from 1960–77, reportedly said that the inspiration for the phrase came from his mother, who used to say, \"A little dab'll do ya,\" probably borrowed from a Brylcreem commercial. When the script called for a simple 'Yahoo!' Alan either asked if he could alter the phrase or he ad-libbed. It inspired, in the 1970s a short-lived fruit drink called \"Yabba Dabba Dew\" and may or", "title": "Fred Flintstone" }, { "id": "19450517", "score": "1.5443053", "text": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera is a 1977 American live-action/animated television special produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions which premiered on CBS on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1977. The special is hosted by Gene Kelly with special guests Jonathan Winters, Cloris Leachman and Lorne Greene celebrating the 20th anniversary of the award-winning partnership of animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It covers Hanna-Barbera creations from their first collaboration effort in 1938 working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, to their formed partnership of Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1957, and all the way through to", "title": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera" }, { "id": "7778405", "score": "1.5259383", "text": "is one of the most famous of the series, specifically for its focus on the phrase \"yada yada\". \"Yadda yadda\" was already a relatively common phrase before the episode aired, used notably by comedian Lenny Bruce, among others. The phrase may have originated with the 1950s \"yackety-yack\", 1940s vaudeville, or earlier. The Phrase can be heard in the background of After the Fire's 1982 version of the song, \"Der Kommissar\" at the 3:00 mark. The phrase was used by a secretary summing up the boring parts of a letter in the February 16, 1984 \"Magnum PI\" episode \"The Return of", "title": "The Yada Yada" }, { "id": "19450520", "score": "1.524924", "text": "the United States by current rightsholder Warner Home Video. Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera is a 1977 American live-action/animated television special produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions which premiered on CBS on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1977. The special is hosted by Gene Kelly with special guests Jonathan Winters, Cloris Leachman and Lorne Greene celebrating the 20th anniversary of the award-winning partnership of animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It covers Hanna-Barbera creations from their first collaboration effort in 1938 working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, to their formed partnership of Hanna-Barbera", "title": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera" }, { "id": "3582800", "score": "1.4935157", "text": "adults, \"The Flintstones\" became the first animated prime-time show to be a hit. Fred Flintstone's signature exclamation \"\"yabba dabba doo\"\" soon entered everyday usage, and the show boosted the studio to the top of the TV cartoon field. The company later produced a space-age version of \"The Flintstones\", known as \"The Jetsons\". Although both shows reappeared in the 1970s and 1980s, \"The Flintstones\" was far more popular. By the late 1960s, Hanna-Barbera Productions was the most successful television animation studio in the business. The Hanna-Barbera studio produced over 3000 animated half-hour television shows. Among the more than 100 cartoon series", "title": "William Hanna" }, { "id": "4008265", "score": "1.4823239", "text": "hit. Fred Flintstone's signature exclamation \"\"yabba dabba doo\"\" soon entered everyday usage, and the show boosted the studio to the top of the TV cartoon field. The company later produced a futuristic version of \"The Flintstones\", known as \"The Jetsons\". Although both shows reappeared in the 1970s and 1980s, \"The Flintstones\" was far more popular. By the late 1960s, Hanna-Barbera Productions was the most successful television animation studio in the business. The Hanna-Barbera studio produced over 3000 animated half-hour television shows. Among the more than 100 cartoon series they produced were \"The Quick Draw McGraw Show\", \"Top Cat\", \"Jonny Quest\",", "title": "Joseph Barbera" }, { "id": "9750249", "score": "1.4528539", "text": "stations continue to air the song frequently. Cartoons (Chris Rice song) The Cartoon Song is a contemporary Christian song by Chris Rice, written in 1989 as a tongue-in-cheek skit for a church youth group of middle school students. The song mentions many cartoon characters popular in the United States at that time. The premise of the song describes what might happen if Christians succeeded in incorporating Christianity into cartoons. According to the song, cartoon characters would then sing their own versions of the word \"Hallelujah\". For example, Fred and Wilma Flintstone would sing \"Yabba-dabba-lujah\". The song also mentions Scooby-Doo and", "title": "Cartoons (Chris Rice song)" }, { "id": "13133587", "score": "1.4450247", "text": "set up in 1957. It features footage and clips from the studio's various cartoons along with new animated/live-action wraparounds and a behind-the-scenes on the then-upcoming newcomer, \"\". The special was dedicated to the loving memory of Daws Butler, who died sorrowfully during this production and was also the last television and film project of both Mel Blanc and George O'Hanlon, who died before the special's telecast. Turner Broadcasting System, which owned TNT, would later purchase Hanna-Barbera in 1991. Among the cartoon characters that appear in this special are the following: Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A", "title": "Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration" }, { "id": "13133586", "score": "1.4365659", "text": "Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration (also known as A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration: 50 Years of Hanna-Barbera) is a 1989 American live-action/animated television special which premiered on TNT on July 17, 1989. The special is hosted by that night’s guest stars Tony Danza and Annie Potts celebrating 50 years of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera's partnership in animation. This is the first animated project to be broadcast in Dolby Surround sound system. It covers their years working for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio and then the history of Hanna-Barbera Productions which was", "title": "Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration" }, { "id": "9750244", "score": "1.4313514", "text": "Cartoons (Chris Rice song) The Cartoon Song is a contemporary Christian song by Chris Rice, written in 1989 as a tongue-in-cheek skit for a church youth group of middle school students. The song mentions many cartoon characters popular in the United States at that time. The premise of the song describes what might happen if Christians succeeded in incorporating Christianity into cartoons. According to the song, cartoon characters would then sing their own versions of the word \"Hallelujah\". For example, Fred and Wilma Flintstone would sing \"Yabba-dabba-lujah\". The song also mentions Scooby-Doo and Shaggy, Astro, the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles,", "title": "Cartoons (Chris Rice song)" }, { "id": "13069695", "score": "1.4246235", "text": "more than one. Notable catchphrases include Yakko's \"Goodnight, everybody!\" often said following adult humor, Wakko's \"Faboo!\" and Dot's frequent assertions of her cuteness. The most prominent catchphrase that was said by all three Warners was \"Hello-o-o, nurse!\" Tom Ruegger said that the \"Hello-o-o, Nurse!\" line was intended to be a catchphrase much like Bugs Bunny's line, \"What's up, doc?\" Before the theme song for each \"Pinky and the Brain\" segment, Pinky asks, \"Gee, Brain, what do you want to do tonight?\" Brain replies, \"The same thing we do every night, Pinky: try to take over the world!\" During these episodes,", "title": "Animaniacs" }, { "id": "3832158", "score": "1.4184353", "text": "I Yabba-Dabba Do! I Yabba-Dabba Do! is a 1993 American animated made-for-television film based on the 1960s series, \"The Flintstones\" and its spin-off, \"The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show\". It premiered on ABC on February 7, 1993. Pebbles Flintstone, who now works for an ad agency and Bamm Bamm Rubble, who works in a car repair shop, decide to get married after Bamm Bamm proposes with a poem, in the middle of the street (after Pebbles mistakenly thinks he was trying to dump her when Bamm Bamm read her a letter that started \"Dear Pebbles\"). However, Fred has lost the family", "title": "I Yabba-Dabba Do!" }, { "id": "2911178", "score": "1.4124709", "text": "\"Dobie Gillis\" TV series of 1959-1963 brought the expression to prominence; this was reinforced in later decades by the character of Shaggy on \"Scooby-Doo\" (who was based on Krebs). A very early use of this locution can be seen in a New Yorker cartoon of 15 September 1928, in which two young ladies are discussing a man's workplace: \"What's he got - an awfice?\" \"No, he's got like a loft.\" It is also used in the 1962 novel \"A Clockwork Orange\" by the narrator as part of his teenage slang and in the \"Top Cat\" cartoon series from 1961 to", "title": "Like" }, { "id": "5579396", "score": "1.4110878", "text": "necessary. Yakky's tendency to put himself in great danger never draws a rebuke from Chopper, who presumably enjoys his protective role. One of Yakky's repeated lines is \"Are you my mama?\" One of the songs Yakky loved to sing was \"Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay\". The template for Yakky was Quacker, a similar duckling character voiced by Red Coffee, which appeared in a number of classic \"Tom and Jerry\" theatrical cartoons, debuting in the 1950 short subject \"Little Quacker.\" Weldon, a former children's television series host and ventriloquist, had based this character on his \"partner\" Webster Webfoot. The same design was also used", "title": "Yakky Doodle" }, { "id": "624861", "score": "1.4061035", "text": "little Pebbles! (Maggie) Mind if I come in? I brought chocolates.\" Homer responds by saying \"Yabba-dabba-doo!\" The opening of \"Marge vs. the Monorail\" depicts Homer leaving work in a similar way to Fred Flintstone in the opening of \"The Flintstones\", during which he sings his own version of the latter's opening theme. On September 30, 2010, Google temporarily replaced the logo on its search page with a custom graphic celebrating the 50th anniversary of \"The Flintstones\" first TV broadcast. The series was translated to various languages. One special version was the Hungarian version, written by József Romhányi in the 1960s", "title": "The Flintstones" }, { "id": "19450519", "score": "1.4016546", "text": "Aweigh\" (1945) and Esther Williams teaching Jerry how to swim in \"Dangerous When Wet\" (1953). In addition to the narrative provided by Kelly, Cloris Leachman introduces the various animated families of Hanna-Barbera and has a friendly chat with Pebbles Flintstone; Jonathan Winters introduces the strange, futuristic and fantastic world of Hanna-Barbera creations and Lorne Greene demonstrates how animated films are brought to the screen while in a recording studio. A sequel special, \"\" (hosted by Bill Bixby), was broadcast on CBS in 1979. \"Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera\" has never been released on any physical format in", "title": "Yabba Dabba Doo! The Happy World of Hanna-Barbera" }, { "id": "7874326", "score": "1.3927312", "text": "Yo Gabba Gabba! Yo Gabba Gabba! was an American live action/puppet educational children's television show starring five costumed toys come to life and their friend DJ Lance Rock. The series premiered on Nick Jr. August 20, 2007 and ended on November 12, 2015. There is a single topic in each episode, e.g. \"Adventure\", \"Friends\", and \"Dance\", through songs and short storylines in the half-hour program. Additionally, the show teaches children life and social skills, such as sharing and trying new foods. It also encourages viewers to move along with and dance with the characters in the program. The show is", "title": "Yo Gabba Gabba!" }, { "id": "4598155", "score": "1.3877957", "text": "in Their Flying Machines\". The show is widely known as Catch The Pigeon or Stop the Pigeon, based on the show's original working title and the show's theme song, written by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (and based on the jazz standard \"Tiger Rag\") which repeats that phrase so often that it is frequently mistaken as the show's actual title. The show had only two voice actors: Paul Winchell as Dick Dastardly and the indistinctly heard General, and Don Messick as everybody else. Each 22-minute show was broadcast over half an hour on the network, including network breaks, and contained:", "title": "Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines" } ]

[ "1910 s", "music in 1910 s", "1910s decade", "1910s", "1910–1919", "1910s literature", "nineteen tens", "1910-1919", "1910s (decade)", "1910 1919", "Nineteen-tens", "Music in the 1910's", "Nineteen tens", "1910's" ]

[ { "id": "141454", "score": "1.7681441", "text": "Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian Americans, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\". He", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "19068480", "score": "1.7662838", "text": "years his junior, because she was pregnant. Della Penta went to the police, and Sinatra was arrested on a morals charge for seduction. After a fight between Della Penta and Dolly, Della Penta was later arrested herself. Sinatra married Barbato that year, and Nancy Sinatra was born the following year. Early life of Frank Sinatra Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915. He grew up in a tenement with his parents, who had emigrated from Italy. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street", "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "141461", "score": "1.7445638", "text": "Award. He was collectively included in Time magazine's compilation After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him \"the greatest singer of the 20th century\", and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the only child of Italians Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra. Sinatra weighed at birth and had to be with the aid of forceps, which caused severe scarring to his left cheek, neck, and ear, and perforated his eardrum,", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "19068463", "score": "1.7211881", "text": "Early life of Frank Sinatra Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on December 12, 1915. He grew up in a tenement with his parents, who had emigrated from Italy. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the only child of Italian immigrants Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra. The couple had eloped on Valentine's Day, 1913, and were married at the city hall in Jersey City, New Jersey; they later got remarried in a church. Sinatra weighed at birth and", "title": "Early life of Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "9229721", "score": "1.682617", "text": "Frank Sinatra filmography Frank Sinatra (1915–1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. Over the course of his acting career he created a body of work that one biographer described as being \"as varied, impressive and rewarding as that of any other Hollywood star\". Sinatra began his career as a singer, initially in his native Hoboken, New Jersey, but increasing success led to a contract to perform on stage and radio across the United States. One of his earliest film roles was in the 1935", "title": "Frank Sinatra filmography" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Personal life of Frank Sinatra\n\nFrank Sinatra had many close relationships throughout his life. He was married four times and had at least six other notable relationships in between. He had three verified children, as well as more than one of questionable paternity.", "title": "Personal life of Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dean Martin\n\nDean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, actor and comedian. One of the most popular and enduring American entertainers of the mid-20th century, Martin was nicknamed \"The King of Cool.\" Martin gained his career breakthrough together with comedian Jerry Lewis, billed as Martin and Lewis, in 1946. They performed in nightclubs and later had numerous appearances on radio, television and in films.\n\nFollowing an acrimonious ending of the partnership in 1956, Martin pursued a solo career as a performer and actor. Martin established himself as a singer, recording numerous contemporary songs as well as standards from the Great American Songbook. He became one of the most popular acts in Las Vegas and was known for his friendship with fellow artists Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr., who together with several others formed the Rat Pack.\n\nStarting in 1965, Martin was the host of the television variety program \"The Dean Martin Show\", which centered on Martin's singing and comedic talents and was characterized by his relaxed, easy-going demeanor. From 1974 to 1984, he was roastmaster on the popular \"Dean Martin Celebrity Roast\", which drew celebrities, comedians and politicians. Throughout his career, Martin performed in concert stages, nightclubs, audio recordings and appeared in 85 film and television productions.\n\nHis best known songs include \"Ain't That a Kick in the Head?,\" \"Memories Are Made of This,\" \"That's Amore,\" \"Everybody Loves Somebody,\" \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You,\" \"Sway,\" and \"Volare.\"", "title": "Dean Martin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Nancy Sinatra\n\nNancy Sandra Sinatra (born June 8, 1940) is an American singer and actress. She is the elder daughter of Frank Sinatra and Nancy Sinatra ( Barbato), and is best known for her 1966 signature hit \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'.\n\nNancy Sinatra began her career as a singer and actress in November 1957 with an appearance on her father's ABC-TV variety series, but initially achieved success only in Europe and Japan. In early 1966 she had a transatlantic number-one hit with \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin. A TV promo clip from the era features Sinatra in high boots, accompanied by colorfully dressed go-go dancers, in what is now considered an iconic Swinging Sixties look.<ref name=KLSmith/><ref name=SLeigh/> The song was written by Lee Hazlewood, who wrote and produced most of her hits and sang with her on several duets. As with all of Sinatra's 1960s hits, \"Boots\" featured Billy Strange as arranger and conductor.\n\nBetween early 1966 and early 1968, Sinatra charted on \"Billboard\"'s Hot 100 with 14 titles, ten of which reached the Top 40. In addition to \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin, defining recordings during this period include \"Sugar Town\", \"Love Eyes\", the transatlantic 1967 number one \"Somethin' Stupid\" (a duet with her father), two versions of the title song from the James Bond film \"You Only Live Twice\" (1967), several collaborations with Lee Hazlewood – including \"Summer Wine\", \"Jackson\", \"Lady Bird\" and \"Some Velvet Morning\" – and a non-single 1966 cover of the Cher hit \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\", which features in the opening credits of Quentin Tarantino's 2003 film \"Kill Bill Volume 1\". In 1971 Sinatra and Hazlewood achieved their first collaborative success in the UK singles chart with the no. 2 hit \"Did You Ever?\", and the 2005 UK no. 3 hit by Audio Bullys, \"Shot You Down\", sampled Sinatra's version of \"Bang Bang\".\n\nBetween 1964 and 1968 Sinatra appeared in several feature films, co-starring with Peter Fonda in Roger Corman's biker-gang movie \"The Wild Angels\" (1966) and alongside Elvis Presley in the musical drama \"Speedway\" (1968). Frank and Nancy Sinatra played a fictional father and daughter in the 1965 comedy \"Marriage on the Rocks\".", "title": "Nancy Sinatra" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dolly Sinatra\n\nDolly Sinatra (; born Natalina Maria Vittoria Garaventa; ; December 26, 1896 – January 6, 1977) was the mother of American singer Frank Sinatra. She was born in Lumarzo (Province of Genoa), in northern Italy; she immigrated to the United States as an infant.\n\nDolly married Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra in 1914, and in 1915 the couple's only child, Frank Sinatra, was born. Dolly was influential in the Sinatras' neighborhood in Hoboken, New Jersey, where they later operated a tavern during Prohibition. She became involved in politics and worked as a midwife. It is believed that she also provided an illegal abortion service in the area. She died in a plane crash in 1977.", "title": "Dolly Sinatra" }, { "id": "3762345", "score": "1.659135", "text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne Sinatra (; January 10, 1944 – March 16, 2016), professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr., was an American singer, songwriter, and conductor. He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife, Nancy Barbato Sinatra; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra; and the older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra. Francis Wayne Sinatra was born January 10, 1944, in Jersey City, New Jersey, into the household of one of the most popular singers in the world, Frank Sinatra. The younger Sinatra, who was not technically a \"junior\" –", "title": "Frank Sinatra Jr." }, { "id": "12939145", "score": "1.6492872", "text": "Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra (born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra; May 4, 1892 – January 24, 1969) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman, professional boxer, bar owner, and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra. On December 21, 1903, he emigrated to New York City from Palermo, Sicily, on the SS \"Città di Milano\" with his mother Rosa Saglimbeni Sinatra and his sisters Angela and Dorotea, as well as his brother. His father Francesco, born in Lercara Friddi, was already in the city working in a pencil factory earning eleven dollars a week, and his mother went on to", "title": "Anthony Martin Sinatra" }, { "id": "3762357", "score": "1.6433606", "text": "2003 concert by Sinatra: Sinatra composed several songs, including: Guest performances Informational notes Citations Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne Sinatra (; January 10, 1944 – March 16, 2016), professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr., was an American singer, songwriter, and conductor. He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife, Nancy Barbato Sinatra; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra; and the older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra. Francis Wayne Sinatra was born January 10, 1944, in Jersey City, New Jersey, into the household of one of the most popular singers in", "title": "Frank Sinatra Jr." }, { "id": "3762346", "score": "1.63782", "text": "as his father's middle name was Albert – but was nonetheless known as Frank Jr. throughout his life. Sinatra Jr. hardly saw his father, who was constantly on the road, either performing or working in films. However, Sinatra recalled wanting to become a pianist and songwriter from his earliest days. Sinatra was kidnapped at the age of 19, on December 8, 1963, at Harrah's Lake Tahoe (room 417). He was released two days later after his father paid the $240,000 ransom demanded by the kidnappers (). Barry Keenan, Johnny Irwin, and Joe Amsler were soon captured, prosecuted for kidnapping, convicted,", "title": "Frank Sinatra Jr." }, { "id": "10450006", "score": "1.6290958", "text": "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy Frank Sinatra's musical career began in the swing era in 1935, and ended in 1995. Sinatra's vocal style represented a strong departure from the \"crooning\" style of his idol, Bing Crosby. Sinatra's generation represented the first generation of children that had grown up in the era of the microphone, and the amplification of sound enabled singers to sing in a much softer, personal and nuanced style. However Sinatra, as he himself once noted, \"sang more\", by which he meant that he introduced a bel canto sound to the tradition begun by Crosby. And, more importantly, he", "title": "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy" }, { "id": "10450029", "score": "1.6210337", "text": "#1 position on the UK album chart, with a further five peaking at #2. Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy Frank Sinatra's musical career began in the swing era in 1935, and ended in 1995. Sinatra's vocal style represented a strong departure from the \"crooning\" style of his idol, Bing Crosby. Sinatra's generation represented the first generation of children that had grown up in the era of the microphone, and the amplification of sound enabled singers to sing in a much softer, personal and nuanced style. However Sinatra, as he himself once noted, \"sang more\", by which he meant that he introduced", "title": "Frank Sinatra's recorded legacy" }, { "id": "19068814", "score": "1.6084061", "text": "Dolly Sinatra Dolly Sinatra (born Natalina Maria Vittoria Garaventa; December 26, 1896 – January 6, 1977) was the mother of American singer Frank Sinatra. She was born in Lumarzo (Province of Genoa), in northern Italy; she immigrated to the United States when she was two months old. When she was a child, her pretty face earned her the nickname \"Dolly\". Dolly married Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra in 1913, and in 1915 the couple's only child, Frank Sinatra, was born. Dolly was influential in the Sinatras' neighborhood in Hoboken, New Jersey, where they later operated a tavern during Prohibition. She became", "title": "Dolly Sinatra" }, { "id": "19222118", "score": "1.6073586", "text": "Ray Sinatra Raymond Dominic Sinatra (November 1, 1904 – November 1980) was a Sicilian-born American conductor, best known as the music director of Mario Lanza. Ray Sinatra was born in Agrigento, Sicily in 1904. He was a second cousin of Frank Sinatra. He received an extensive musical education under many artists. He became a conductor, bandleader and arranger. In 1935 he was working in Boston as a radio band leader. In 1936 he was conductor of Lucky Strike's \"Your Hit Parade\". Frank Sinatra contacted Ray in the Spring of 1937 while he was working in the NBC house orchestra, asked", "title": "Ray Sinatra" }, { "id": "11388422", "score": "1.6073079", "text": "137 Bergen Avenue. Their first child, their elder daughter Nancy Sinatra, was born on June 8, 1940, and their son, Francis Wayne Sinatra, known as Frank Sinatra Jr., was born on January 10, 1944. Both children were born at the Margaret Hague Hospital in Jersey City. Following their move to Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, Sinatra errantly strayed from his marriage into extra-marital affairs, the first known with Marilyn Maxwell. These affairs also became public knowledge and caused great embarrassment to Nancy Barbato Sinatra, who considered calling off their marriage then and had an abortion when she became pregnant in 1946.", "title": "Personal life of Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "285899", "score": "1.6002479", "text": "Billy Strange as arranger and conductor. Sinatra also had a brief acting career in the mid-1960s, including a co-starring role with Elvis Presley in the movie \"Speedway\", and with Peter Fonda in \"The Wild Angels\". In \"Marriage on the Rocks\", Frank and Nancy Sinatra played a fictional father and daughter. Sinatra was born on June 8, 1940, in Jersey City, New Jersey. She is the eldest daughter of the three children Frank Sinatra had by his first wife, Nancy Barbato (1917–2018). When she was a toddler, the family moved to Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. They later moved again to Toluca", "title": "Nancy Sinatra" }, { "id": "19068816", "score": "1.5997066", "text": "was a lithographer. He was also a peasant. During her teen years, Dolly met Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra, born in Lercara Friddi, who immigrated from Catania, Sicily. Though her family opposed it, the couple eloped on Valentine's Day, 1913, and were married at the city hall in Jersey City, New Jersey; they were later remarried in a church. Dolly gave birth to Francis Albert Sinatra on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the couple's only child. Sinatra weighed at birth and had to be with the aid of forceps, which caused", "title": "Dolly Sinatra" }, { "id": "141462", "score": "1.5974197", "text": "damage that remained for life. Due to his injuries at birth, his baptism at St. Francis Church in Hoboken was delayed until April 2, 1916. A childhood operation on his mastoid bone left major scarring on his neck, and during adolescence he suffered from cystic acne that further scarred his face and neck. Sinatra was raised Roman Catholic. Sinatra's mother was energetic and driven, and biographers believe that she was the dominant factor in the development of her son's personality traits and self-confidence. Barbara Sinatra claims that Dolly was abusive to him as a child, and \"knocked him around a", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "9229725", "score": "1.5967689", "text": "(1945), \"The Manchurian Candidate\" (1962) and \"From Here to Eternity\" (1953)—have been added to the Library of Congress's National Film Registry. \"The House I Live In\"—a film that opposes anti-Semitism and racism—was awarded a special Golden Globe and Academy Award. In 1970, at the 43rd Academy Awards, Sinatra was presented with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award; the following year he was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award. Frank Sinatra filmography Frank Sinatra (1915–1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. Over the course", "title": "Frank Sinatra filmography" }, { "id": "141455", "score": "1.5909173", "text": "released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946. Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of \"From Here to Eternity\", with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including \"In the Wee Small Hours\" (1955), \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\" (1956), \"Come Fly with Me\" (1958), \"Only the Lonely\" (1958) and", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "id": "141493", "score": "1.5856812", "text": "Columbia to pay his back taxes after MCA refused to front the money. Rejected by Hollywood, he turned to Las Vegas and made his debut at the Desert Inn in September 1951, and also began singing at the Riverside Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Sinatra became one of Las Vegas's pioneer residency entertainers, and a prominent figure on the Vegas scene throughout the 1950s and 1960s onwards, a period described by Rojek as the \"high-water mark\" of Sinatra's \"hedonism and self absorption\". Rojek notes that the Rat Pack \"provided an outlet for gregarious banter and wisecracks\", but argues that it was", "title": "Frank Sinatra" } ]

[ "wthyr bendragon", "uther", "uthyr pendragon", "king uther pendragon", "Uter Pendragon", "Wthyr Bendragon", "uther pendragon disambiguation", "Uther (disambiguation)", "Üther Pendragon", "üther pendragon", "Uthur Pendragon", "uthyr pendraeg", "King Uther", "Uther pendragon", "king uther", "Uther", "üther", "Uthr Bendragon", "uthur pendragon", "uter pendragon", "Uthyr Pendragon", "uther disambiguation", "uthr bendragon", "uther pen dragon", "Uther Pendragon", "uther pendragon", "King Uther Pendragon", "Uther Pendragon (disambiguation)", "Uthyr Pendraeg", "Uther Pen-Dragon", "Üther" ]

[ { "id": "3235510", "score": "1.5487547", "text": "and flourished after the Arthurian period. The composite Merlin was created by Geoffrey of Monmouth. In the film, Arthur's father is a Roman general from the Imperial Roman army and his mother is a Celtic woman. In the historical notes of the legend, Arthur's father is Uther Pendragon, a famous Romano-British commander and one of Britain's earlier kings, and his mother is Igraine, a beautiful young woman who was once the wife of Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall and one of Uther's loyal subjects. Arthur's knights are described differently in the film and the legend. In the film, Lancelot, Tristan,", "title": "King Arthur (2004 film)" }, { "id": "11961354", "score": "1.4845839", "text": "daughters, diverging from the earlier legends. King Arthur's family King Arthur's family grew throughout the centuries with King Arthur's legend. Several of the legendary members of this mythical king's family became leading characters of mythical tales in their own right. In Welsh Arthurian literature from before the time of Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), Arthur was granted numerous relations and family members. Several early Welsh sources are usually taken as indicative of Uther Pendragon being known as Arthur's father before Geoffrey wrote, with Arthur also being granted a brother (Madog) and a nephew", "title": "King Arthur's family" }, { "id": "1507170", "score": "1.465956", "text": "King of England upon defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth. In an effort to strengthen the Tudor claim to the throne, Henry had royal genealogists trace his lineage back to the ancient British rulers and decided on naming his firstborn son after the legendary King Arthur. On this occasion, Camelot was identified as present-day Winchester, and his wife, Elizabeth of York, was sent to Saint Swithun's Priory (today Winchester Cathedral Priory) in order to give birth there. Born at Saint Swithun's Priory on the night of 19/20 September 1486 at about 1 am, Arthur was Henry and Elizabeth's", "title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales" }, { "id": "11961342", "score": "1.4641392", "text": "King Arthur's family King Arthur's family grew throughout the centuries with King Arthur's legend. Several of the legendary members of this mythical king's family became leading characters of mythical tales in their own right. In Welsh Arthurian literature from before the time of Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), Arthur was granted numerous relations and family members. Several early Welsh sources are usually taken as indicative of Uther Pendragon being known as Arthur's father before Geoffrey wrote, with Arthur also being granted a brother (Madog) and a nephew (Eliwlod) in these texts. Arthur also", "title": "King Arthur's family" }, { "id": "1534040", "score": "1.4620957", "text": "Rouen Castle in 1203, and while his precise fate is unknown, it is generally believed he was killed by John. Arthur was born in 1187, the son of Constance of Brittany and Geoffrey II of Brittany, who died before he was born. As an infant, Arthur was second in line to the succession of his grandfather King Henry II, after his uncle Richard. King Henry died when Arthur was 2 years old, and Richard I became the new king in his place. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance made actions to make the Duchy of", "title": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Uther Pendragon\n\nUther Pendragon (Brittonic) (; ), also known as King Uther, was a legendary King of the Britons in sub-Roman Britain (c. 6th century). Uther was also the father of King Arthur. \n\nA few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down in the 12th century by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in most later versions. He is a fairly ambiguous individual throughout the literature, but is described as a strong king and a defender of his people.\n\nAccording to Arthurian legend, Merlin magically disguises Uther to look like his enemy Gorlois, enabling Uther to sleep with Gorlois' wife Lady Igraine. Thus Arthur, \"the once and future king\", is an illegitimate child (though later legend, as found in Malory, emphasises that the conception occurred after Gorlois's death and that he was legitimated by Uther's subsequent marriage to Igraine). This act of conception occurs the very night that Uther's troops dispatch Gorlois. The theme of illegitimate conception is repeated in Arthur's siring of Mordred by his own half-sister Morgause in the 13th century French prose cycles, which was invented by them; it is Mordred who mortally wounds King Arthur in the Battle of Camlann.", "title": "Uther Pendragon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "King Arthur\n\nKing Arthur (, , ) is a legendary king of Britain, and a central figure in the medieval literary tradition known as the Matter of Britain.\n\nIn the earliest traditions, Arthur appears as a leader of the post-Roman Britons in battles against Saxon invaders of Britain in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. He appears in two early medieval historical sources, the \"Annales Cambriae\" and the \"Historia Brittonum\", but these date to 300 years after he is supposed to have lived, and most historians who study the period do not consider him a historical figure. His name also occurs in early Welsh poetic sources such as \"Y Gododdin\". The character developed through Welsh mythology, appearing either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh otherworld Annwn.\n\nThe legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"). Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established a vast empire. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's \"Historia\", including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the magician Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann, and final rest in Avalon. The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature. In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various Knights of the Round Table. The themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend vary widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version. Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed, until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the legend continues to have prominence, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media.", "title": "King Arthur" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pendragon Castle\n\nPendragon Castle is a ruin located in Mallerstang Dale, Cumbria, south of Kirkby Stephen, and close to the hamlet of Outhgill, at . It stands above a bend in the River Eden, overlooked by Wild Boar Fell to the south-west and Mallerstang Edge to the east. It is a grade I listed building.", "title": "Pendragon Castle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tintagel Castle\n\nTintagel Castle () is a medieval fortification located on the peninsula of Tintagel Island adjacent to the village of Tintagel (Trevena), North Cornwall in the United Kingdom. The site was possibly occupied in the Romano-British period, as an array of artefacts dating from this period have been found on the peninsula, but as yet no Roman-era structure has been proven to have existed there. It was settled during the early medieval period, when it was probably one of the seasonal residences of the regional king of Dumnonia. A castle was built on the site by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, during the High Middle Ages. It later fell into disrepair and ruin.\n\nArchaeological investigation into the site began in the 19th century as it became a tourist attraction, with visitors coming to see the ruins of Richard's castle. In the 1930s, excavations revealed significant traces of a much earlier high status settlement, which had trading links with the Mediterranean world during the Late Roman period. Two digs in 2016 and 2017 at Tintagel Castle uncovered the outlines of a palace from the 5th or early 6th century (the early medieval period), with evidence of writing and of articles brought in from Spain and from the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Cornwall Archaeological Unit and another in the US by PBS.<ref name=Secrets2019 />\n\nThe castle has a long association with legends related to King Arthur. This was first recorded in the 12th century when Geoffrey of Monmouth described Tintagel as the place of Arthur's conception in his mythological account of British history, \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". Geoffrey told the story that Arthur's father, King Uther Pendragon, was disguised by Merlin's sorcery to look like Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall, the husband of Igraine, Arthur's mother.\n\nTintagel Castle has been a tourist destination since the mid-19th century. Owned by William, Prince of Wales as part of the landholdings of the Duchy of Cornwall, the site is managed by English Heritage.", "title": "Tintagel Castle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "King Arthur's family\n\nKing Arthur's family grew throughout the centuries with King Arthur's legend. Many of the legendary members of this mythical king's family became leading characters of mythical tales in their own right.", "title": "King Arthur's family" }, { "id": "4095340", "score": "1.4549286", "text": "their friend Galehaut. Guinevere eventually returns and reclaims her throne. In Welsh mythology the father of Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere) is the giant Ogyruan/Ogyrvan or Gogyrfan, who is mentioned in a number of Middle Welsh texts. Leodegrance King Leodegrance , sometimes Leondegrance, Leodogran, or variations thereof, is the father of Queen Guinevere in Arthurian legend. His kingdom of Cameliard (or Carmelide) is usually identified with Cornwall but may be located in Breton Cornouaille near the town of Carhaix-Plouguer, which is the Carhaise of \"L'Histoire de Merlin\" (13th century). Leodegrance had served Uther Pendragon, King Arthur's biological father and regnal predecessor. Leodegrance was", "title": "Leodegrance" }, { "id": "225015", "score": "1.4367206", "text": "King Arthur King Arthur was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the \"Annales Cambriae\", the \"Historia Brittonum\", and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as \"Y Gododdin\". Arthur is a central figure in the legends making", "title": "King Arthur" }, { "id": "20581896", "score": "1.4296563", "text": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics) King Arthur is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is based on King Arthur of Arthurian legend. Arthur Pendragon is the son of King Uther and Igraine. The wizard Merlin had Arthur brought up by the knight Sir Ector and his son Kay. When Uther died from an illness without being able to see his son, Merlin held a contest in London where whoever pulls Excalibur from the stone will become the new king. When Arthur found the sword in the stone while going to retrieve a recently knighted", "title": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics)" }, { "id": "7938267", "score": "1.4284091", "text": "King Arthur (TV series) When Prince Arthur was a baby and his father King Uther ruled Camelot, \"Lavik\", another king who wishes to conquer Camelot, attacked the castle. Arthur is saved by Merlin who sent him to another knight to keep Arthur in a safe place. For many years this knight brought Arthur up as his own son. At the age of 15 Arthur attended to a tournament with his step-father. There he could pull the sword Excalibur from a stone. This action proved that Arthur is the legitimate king of England. Finally Arthur's foster father revealed him his royal", "title": "King Arthur (TV series)" }, { "id": "6821648", "score": "1.425699", "text": "grandson was Drustan or Tristan of Arthurian myth. Meirchion Meirchion was the father of King Mark of Cornwall, famous for his role in the story of Tristan and Iseult. He is thus assumed to have been an ancient king of Cornwall who reigned in the late 5th century, however the name of Mark's father derives from Old Welsh sources in which Mark is associated with Wales rather than the West Country. He was the second son of Constantine Gorneu King of Dumnonia, brother of Erbin King of Dumnonia and Uthyr Benndreic, uncle of Arthur and Geraint. His son was Cunomor", "title": "Meirchion" }, { "id": "11961353", "score": "1.4251554", "text": "whom rose against Arthur's successor and cousin Constantine with the help of the Saxons. However, in Geoffrey's \"Historia\" (when Arthur's killing of Mordred and Mordred's sons first appear), Mordred was not yet actually Arthur's son. Later literature has expanded Arthur's family further. Richard Johnson's 16th-century romance \"Tom a Lincoln\" adds another illegitimate son, the eponymous Tom. Through Tom, Arthur is also given grandsons referred to only as the Black Knight and Faerie Knight. Other works, such as Henry Fielding's \"Tom Thumb\", Walter Scott's \"The Bridal of Triermain\" and modern film and television adaptations of Arthurian legend, have occasionally given Arthur", "title": "King Arthur's family" }, { "id": "1389681", "score": "1.4229758", "text": "his foster father. In early literature derived from Geoffrey's \"Historia\", Mordred was considered the legitimate son of Arthur's sister or half-sister known as Anna or Morgause with her husband, King Lot of Orkney. Today, however, he is best known today as Arthur's own illegitimate son by Morgause in the motif introduced in the Vulgate Cycle, in which their union happens at the time when neither of them have yet known of their blood relation. The 14th-century Scottish chronicler John of Fordun claimed that Mordred was the rightful heir to the throne of Britain, as Arthur was an illegitimate child (in", "title": "Mordred" }, { "id": "17201797", "score": "1.4183314", "text": "areas with Celtic connections, there are a number of Arthurian legends associated with Cumbria. Arthur's father Uther Pendragon is supposed to have lived at Pendragon Castle, high in the upper Eden Valley, although the castle itself is probably 12th century and was originally called Mallerstang Castle. It is likely that Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, joining in with the Arthurian obsession of the time, as well as pointing to his Welsh forebears, assumed the name of Uther Pendragon and renamed the existing castle to fit in with the cult. King Arthur's Round Table, a prehistoric earthwork near Penrith,", "title": "History of Medieval Cumbria" }, { "id": "20581912", "score": "1.4181387", "text": "several groups of enemies that are dressed as dragons. King Arthur (Marvel Comics) King Arthur is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is based on King Arthur of Arthurian legend. Arthur Pendragon is the son of King Uther and Igraine. The wizard Merlin had Arthur brought up by the knight Sir Ector and his son Kay. When Uther died from an illness without being able to see his son, Merlin held a contest in London where whoever pulls Excalibur from the stone will become the new king. When Arthur found the sword in", "title": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics)" }, { "id": "1884370", "score": "1.4169941", "text": "castle has a long association with the Arthurian legends, being first associated with King Arthur by Welshman Geoffrey of Monmouth in his book the \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain'\"), written circa 1135–38, which includes a detailed account of the legend. According to Geoffrey and the legend, Arthur's father was Uther Pendragon, the king of all Britain. He goes to war against Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall, to capture Gorlois' wife Igraine, with whom Uther has fallen in love. Gorlois defends himself against Uther's armies at his fort of Dimilioc, but he sends Igraine to stay safely", "title": "Tintagel Castle" }, { "id": "2493525", "score": "1.416837", "text": "Saxon courts to learn warfare far from Arthur's eye. Impressed by his cleverness, the Saxons name him Mordred (\"Evil Counsel\"). Years later, at a Pentecost feast at Camelot, he introduces himself as Queen Morgaine's son and Queen Morgause's foster son, though he calls Queen Morgause \"Mother\" and Morgaine by her name. Because of his close resemblance to Lancelet, he must often tell people that Lancelet is not his father. To earn his knighthood with no suspicion of preferential treatment, Gwydion challenges Lancelet to single combat during a tourney and they fight. As they start to fight in earnest, Gwenhwyfar, who", "title": "The Mists of Avalon" }, { "id": "20366462", "score": "1.416524", "text": "St. Brychan, King of Brycheiniog, and second to Anna daughter of Vortimer. He was the father of Saint Non. the mother of Saint David of Wales, and Saint Wenna, the mother of Saint Cybi. His grandchildren include His great-grandchildren include Cynyr Ceinfarfog Cynyr Ceinfarfog, known in Latin as Cunoricus and in English, as Kendrick and sometimes and sometimes as Cynyr the Red, was a ruler of Dyfed who ruled from Caer Goch, near (Caer Gawch) near Mynyw (St. Davids, Wales). According to the earliest Welsh versions of the Arthurian legend, he was the foster parent who raised King Arthur, with", "title": "Cynyr Ceinfarfog" }, { "id": "11961346", "score": "1.4152346", "text": "he is also ascribed sons called Amr (Anir), Gwydre, Llacheu and Duran. Relatively few members of Arthur's family in the Welsh materials are carried over to the works of Geoffrey and the chivalric romancers. His grandfather Anlawd Wledic and his maternal uncles, aunts and cousins do not appear there, and neither do any of his sons or his paternal relatives. Only the core family seem to have made the journey: his wife Gwenhwyfar (who became Guinevere), his father Uther, his mother (Igerna) and his sister-son Gwalchmei (Gawain). Gwalchmei's mother – Arthur's sister – failed to make the journey, Gwyar's place", "title": "King Arthur's family" }, { "id": "3759286", "score": "1.4122205", "text": "\"Geraint and Enid\" and similar sources. He further adds a number of other details not found in earlier sources, identifying Constantine as a son of Cador, a Cornish ruler known in Welsh tradition as Cadwy mab Geraint. Notably, Geoffrey's Constantine is King Arthur's kinsman and succeeds him as King of the Britons. Norris J. Lacy and Geoffrey Ashe suggest Geoffrey made this Arthurian connection based on an existing tradition locating Arthur's birthplace in southwest Britain. However, noting that the earliest references place Arthur in northern Britain rather than the southwest, Rachel Bromwich considers the connection an arbitrary invention by Geoffrey,", "title": "Constantine (Briton)" }, { "id": "1273354", "score": "1.4111819", "text": "Gahmuret, father of Parzival (Percival). Uther Pendragon and Arthur here appear as the scions of the junior branch of an unattested House of Anjou. Uther also appears in the chivalric romance \"Sir Cleges\" as the king to whom Sir Cleges brings the Christmas cherries, obtained by miracle. Uther Pendragon remains a widely used character in modern Arthurian literature and other fiction. Uther Pendragon Uther Pendragon (; ), also known as King Uther, is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was", "title": "Uther Pendragon" } ]

[ "⌕", "Telephone bell", "phones", "Telephone communication", "Telpehone", "telephone and telephone system", "Fone", "phone", "telephone communication", "Telephone and Telephone System", "Telephones", "telephones", "fixed telephony", "☏", "Telephone cord", "Telephone receiver", "Telephone set", "telpehone", "Fixed telephony", "Telephone", "Phone", "telephone bell", "telephone set", "station set", "fone", "telephone", "telephone receiver", "✆", "℡", "☎", "Station set", "telephone cord", "Phones", "A phone", "📞" ]

[ { "id": "4193", "score": "1.7648787", "text": "short time later, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia brought the telephone to international attention. Influential visitors to the exhibition included Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Later, Bell had the opportunity to demonstrate the invention personally to Sir William Thomson (later, Lord Kelvin), a renowned Scottish scientist, as well as to Queen Victoria, who had requested a private audience at Osborne House, her Isle of Wight home. She called the demonstration \"most extraordinary\". The enthusiasm surrounding Bell's public displays laid the groundwork for universal acceptance of the revolutionary device. The Bell Telephone", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "11943140", "score": "1.718188", "text": "as President. The Volta Bureau officially merged with the Association in 1908, and has been known as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf since 1956, and then as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing since 1999. Informally it is also called the 'AG Bell'. From about 1879 Bell's earliest physics research in Washington. D.C. was conducted at his first laboratory, a rented house, at 1325 L Street NW, and then from the autumn of 1880 at 1221 Connecticut Avenue NW. The laboratory was later relocated to 2020 F Street NW sometime after", "title": "Volta Laboratory and Bureau" }, { "id": "4230", "score": "1.6956462", "text": "and incising the recording rather than indenting it, key upgrades that Edison himself later adopted. The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his \"proudest achievement\", \"the photophone\", the \"optical telephone\" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness. In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication \"Science\" during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4239", "score": "1.6867146", "text": "his grandchildren. \"U.S. patent images in TIFF format\" Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "16513999", "score": "1.6822634", "text": "the crude metal box. With only a telephone receiver Alexander Graham Bell could not respond directly to his father, and instead replied back by telegraph on a separate line to Brantford. Nevertheless Alexander Graham much later declared that this was the first one-way long distance call \"of several miles\", but noted it was \"the first transmission at a distance, but it was not the first reciprocal conversation over a line. That was held in Boston on 9 October 1876.\" On a test call one week earlier on 3 August 1876, Alexander Graham's uncle, Professor David Charles Bell, spoke to him", "title": "Bell Homestead National Historic Site" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Alexander Graham Bell\n\nAlexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.\n\nBell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf; profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.\n\nMany other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society and its magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903.\n\nBeyond his work in engineering, Bell had a deep interest in the emerging science of heredity.", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Centennial Exposition\n\nThe Centennial International Exhibition of 1876, the first official World's Fair to be held in the United States, was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May 10 to November 10, 1876, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia. Officially named the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, it was held in Fairmount Park along the Schuylkill River on fairgrounds designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann. Nearly 10 million visitors attended the exposition, and 37 countries participated in it.", "title": "Centennial Exposition" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Invention of the telephone\n\nThe invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by more than one individual, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.", "title": "Invention of the telephone" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy\n\nThe Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants.\n\nAt issue are roles of each inventor's lawyers, the filing of patent documents, and allegations of theft.", "title": "Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes\n\nAlexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honors bestowed upon him and awards named for him.\n\nAlexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously.\n\nAlexander Graham Bell was born on March 16, 1847.", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes" }, { "id": "4150", "score": "1.6822524", "text": "Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4151", "score": "1.6809607", "text": "in 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903. Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4183", "score": "1.6773672", "text": "experiments, nor the ability to create a working model of his ideas. However, a chance meeting in 1874 between Bell and Thomas A. Watson, an experienced electrical designer and mechanic at the electrical machine shop of Charles Williams, changed all that. With financial support from Sanders and Hubbard, Bell hired Thomas Watson as his assistant, and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy. On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech. That demonstrated", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4212", "score": "1.6740596", "text": "patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use. Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield. According to some accounts, the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument, resulting in static. The president's surgeons, who were skeptical of the device, ignored", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4198", "score": "1.6717991", "text": "judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a precedent. With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897, leaving several issues undecided on the merits. During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834. In 1886, in the first of three cases in which he was involved, Meucci took the stand as a witness in", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "5491487", "score": "1.6668012", "text": "the money, founded the Volta Laboratory in Washington, where he continued experiments in communication, in medical research, and in techniques for teaching speech to the deaf, working with Helen Keller among others. In 1885 he acquired land in Nova Scotia and established a summer home there where he continued experiments, particularly in the field of aviation. In 1888, Bell was one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society, and served as its president from 1896 to 1904, also helping to establish its journal. Bell died on 2 August 1922 at his home in Nova Scotia. Alexander Graham Bell", "title": "Invention of the telephone" }, { "id": "1561556", "score": "1.6643996", "text": "self-controlled, and gently humorous. One such visitor was Alexander Graham Bell, who on 1 March 1875 carried a letter of introduction to Henry. Henry showed an interest in seeing Bell's experimental apparatus, and Bell returned the following day. After the demonstration, Bell mentioned his untested theory on how to transmit human speech electrically by means of a \"harp apparatus\" which would have several steel reeds tuned to different frequencies to cover the voice spectrum. Henry said Bell had \"the germ of a great invention\". Henry advised Bell not to publish his ideas until he had perfected the invention. When Bell", "title": "Joseph Henry" }, { "id": "4191", "score": "1.6498587", "text": "he was ready. With curious onlookers packed into the office as witnesses, faint voices were heard replying. The following night, he amazed guests as well as his family when a message was received at the Bell home from Brantford, four miles (six km) distant, along an improvised wire strung up along telegraph lines and fences, and laid through a tunnel. This time, guests at the household distinctly heard people in Brantford reading and singing. These experiments clearly proved that the telephone could work over long distances. Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "6141943", "score": "1.6485969", "text": "Education of the Deaf in Milan, Italy in 1880, after a period of a dozen years or so in which it was applied to the education of the deaf, Visible Speech was found to be more cumbersome, and thus a hindrance, to the teaching of speech to the deaf compared to other methods, and eventually faded from use. In 1887, his son, Alexander Graham Bell, sold off the intellectual assets owned by the Volta Laboratory Association. Graham used the considerable profits from the sale of his shares to found the Volta Bureau as an instrument \"for the increase and diffusion", "title": "Alexander Melville Bell" }, { "id": "13319065", "score": "1.6480495", "text": "Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell The first session of Canada's 37th Parliament unanimously passed a Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell on June 21, 2002, to affirm that Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. The symbolic motion was a response to the 107th United States Congress' earlier resolution (HRes 269) of June 11, 2002, which recognized the contributions of Antonio Meucci. Due to a misleading press release issued by U.S. Congressman Vito Fossella, this was interpreted by some as establishing priority for the invention of the telephone to Meucci. The House of Representatives' Resolution", "title": "Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4194", "score": "1.6447299", "text": "Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. Bell Company engineers made numerous other improvements to the telephone, which emerged as one of the most successful products ever. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. This made the telephone practical for longer distances, and it was no longer necessary to shout to be heard at the receiving telephone. Emperor Pedro II of Brazil was the first person to buy stock in Bell's company, the Bell Telephone Company. One of the first telephones in", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "5491485", "score": "1.6436833", "text": "Bell did not use Gray's water transmitter in later telephones, evidence suggests that Bell's lawyers may have obtained an unfair advantage over Gray. Alexander Graham Bell had pioneered a system called visible speech, developed by his father, to teach deaf children. In 1872 Bell founded a school in Boston to train teachers of the deaf. The school subsequently became part of Boston University, where Bell was appointed professor of vocal physiology in 1873. He became a naturalised U.S. citizen in 1882. Bell had long been fascinated by the idea of transmitting speech, and by 1875 had come up with a", "title": "Invention of the telephone" }, { "id": "4197", "score": "1.6403471", "text": "January 13, 1887, the U.S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the time that the trial wound its way through nine years of legal battles, the U.S. prosecuting attorney had died and the two Bell patents (No. 174,465 dated March 7, 1876, and No. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "4207", "score": "1.6388396", "text": "by the villagers as \"their own\". The Bells were still in residence at \"Beinn Bhreagh\" when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax. Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged \"unfettered across the scientific landscape\" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\", scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by", "title": "Alexander Graham Bell" }, { "id": "11943136", "score": "1.6356566", "text": "Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999. The current building, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, was constructed in 1893 under the direction of Alexander Graham Bell to serve as a center of information for deaf and hard of hearing persons. Bell, best known for receiving the first telephone patent in 1876, was also a prominent figure of his generation in the education of the deaf. His grandfather, father", "title": "Volta Laboratory and Bureau" } ]

[ "Community pillar", "Common Market", "The European Community", "european community within union", "Communauté Economique Européenne", "The European Community within the Union", "common market", "common europe", "Community Pillar", "e e c", "E.E.C.", "european community", "european common market", "Common Europe", "European Community pillar of the European Union", "European community", "European Economic Community", "Eec", "European Common Market", "european community pillar of european union", "EEC", "European Community", "european economic community", "eec", "communauté economique européenne", "community pillar" ]

[ { "id": "10375965", "score": "1.7885556", "text": "by members of the Common Assembly which would have created a federation to ensure democratic control over the future European army. In response to the rejection of the EDC, Jean Monnet resigned as President of the High Authority and began work on new integration efforts in the field of the economy. In 1955, the Council of Europe adopted an emblem for all Europe, twelve golden stars in a circle upon a blue field. It would later be adopted by the European Communities In 1956, the Egyptian government under Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalised the Suez canal and closing it to Israeli", "title": "History of the European Coal and Steel Community (1945–57)" }, { "id": "16091454", "score": "1.7785469", "text": "adapted to fulfill a more global mission. It would be a hard-fought task, and after several sometimes fractious meetings at the Hotel Majestic in Paris starting in January 1960, a resolution was reached to create a body that would deal not only with European and Atlantic economic issues, but devise policies to assist less developed countries. This reconstituted organisation would bring the US and Canada, who were already OEEC observers, on board as full members. It would also set to work straight away on bringing in Japan. Following the 1957 Rome Treaties to launch the European Economic Community, the Convention", "title": "OECD" }, { "id": "2462008", "score": "1.7654335", "text": "and a European Political Community failed leading to a return to economic matters. In 1957, the EAEC and EEC were created by the Treaties of Rome. They were to share some of the institutions of the ECSC but have separate executive structures. The ECSC's aim was to combine the coal and steel industries of its members to create a single market in those resources. It was intended that this would increase prosperity and decrease the risk of these countries going to war through the process of European integration. The EAEC was working on nuclear energy co-operation between the members. The", "title": "European Communities" }, { "id": "3187770", "score": "1.7560076", "text": "formally established the single European market and the European Political Cooperation. The Communities originally had independent personalities although they were increasingly integrated, and over the years were transformed into what is now called the European Union. The six states that founded the three Communities were known as the \"inner six\" (the \"outer seven\" were those countries who formed the European Free Trade Association). These were Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The first enlargement was in 1973, with the accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Greece joined in 1981, and Portugal and Spain in 1986.", "title": "European integration" }, { "id": "118380", "score": "1.7396584", "text": "the goal of political integration and a peaceful and united Europe, what Mikhail Gorbachev described as a \"Common European Home\". The 1960s saw the first attempts at enlargement. In 1961, Denmark, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom applied to join the three Communities. However, President Charles de Gaulle saw British membership as a Trojan horse for U.S. influence and vetoed membership, and the applications of all four countries were suspended. Greece became the first country to join the EC in 1961 as an associate member, however its membership was suspended in 1967 after the Colonels coup d'état. A year later,", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "European Economic Community\n\nThe European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957, aiming to foster economic integration among its member states. It was subsequently renamed the European Community (EC) upon becoming integrated into the first pillar of the newly formed European Union in 1993. In the popular language, however, the singular \"European Community\" was sometimes inaccuratelly used in the wider sense of the plural \"European Communities\", in spite of the latter designation covering all the three constituent entities of the first pillar.\n\nIn 2009, the EC formally ceased to exist and its institutions were directly absorbed by the EU. This made the Union the formal successor institution of the Community.\n\nThe Community's initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market and customs union, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. It gained a common set of institutions along with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) as one of the European Communities under the 1965 Merger Treaty (Treaty of Brussels). In 1993 a complete single market was achieved, known as the internal market, which allowed for the free movement of goods, capital, services, and people within the EEC. In 1994 the internal market was formalised by the EEA agreement. This agreement also extended the internal market to include most of the member states of the European Free Trade Association, forming the European Economic Area, which encompasses 15 countries.\n\nUpon the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, the EEC was renamed the European Community to reflect that it covered a wider range than economic policy. This was also when the three European Communities, including the EC, were collectively made to constitute the first of the three pillars of the European Union, which the treaty also founded. The EC existed in this form until it was abolished by the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon, which incorporated the EC's institutions into the EU's wider framework and provided that the EU would \"replace and succeed the European Community\".\n\nThe EEC was also known as the European Common Market in the English-speaking countries and sometimes referred to as the European Community even before it was officially renamed as such in 1993.", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "European Union" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "European integration\n\nEuropean integration is the process of industrial, economic, political, legal, social, and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies.", "title": "European integration" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Treaty of Rome\n\nThe Treaty of Rome, or EEC Treaty (officially the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community), brought about the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC), the best known of the European Communities (EC). The treaty was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany, and it came into force on 1 January 1958. Originally the \"Treaty establishing the European Economic Community\", and now continuing under the name \"Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union\", it remains one of the two most important treaties in what is now the European Union (EU).\n\nThe treaty proposed the progressive reduction of customs duties and the establishment of a customs union. It proposed to create a single market for goods, labour, services, and capital across member states. It also proposed the creation of a Common Agriculture Policy, a Common Transport Policy and a European Social Fund and established the European Commission.\n\nThe treaty has been amended on several occasions since 1957. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 removed the word \"economic\" from the Treaty of Rome's official title, and in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon renamed it the \"Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union\".", "title": "Treaty of Rome" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Neofunctionalism\n\nNeofunctionalism is a theory of regional integration which downplays globalisation and reintroduces territory into its governance. Neofunctionalism is often regarded as the first European integration theory developed by Ernst B. Haas in 1958 as part of his Ph.D. research on the European Coal and Steel Community. Neofunctionalism seeks to explain the European integration process and why states accept to become a part of supranational organization.<ref name=\":1\" /> Jean Monnet's approach to European integration, which aimed at integrating individual sectors in hopes of achieving spillover effects to further the process of integration, is said to have followed the neofunctional school's tack.\n\nErnst B. Haas, later declared the theory of neofunctionalism obsolete, a statement he revoked in his final book, after the process of European integration started stalling in the 1960s, when Charles de Gaulle's \"Empty Chair\" politics paralyzed the institutions of the European Coal and Steel Community, European Economic Community, and European Atomic Energy Community. The theory was updated and further specified namely by Wayne Sandholtz, Alec Stone Sweet, and their collaborators in the 1990s and in the 2000s (references below). The main contributions of these authors was an employment of empiricism.\n\nToday, neofunctionalism is one of the best-known theories of European integration. In the last decades Haas' theory has been revived by several authors, who describe the neofunctionalist theoretical legacy left by him as able to speak directly to current EU studies and comparative regionalism, if it is seen as a dynamic theory that corresponds to established social scientific norms with disciplinary openness.", "title": "Neofunctionalism" }, { "id": "500752", "score": "1.7390767", "text": "The report was accepted at the Venice Conference (29 and 30 May 1956) where the decision was taken to organise an Intergovernmental Conference. The Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom focused on economic unity, leading to the Treaties of Rome being signed in 1957 which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) among the members. The two new communities were created separately from ECSC, although they shared the same courts and the Common Assembly. The executives of the new communities were called Commissions, as opposed to the \"High Authority\". The EEC was", "title": "History of the European Union" }, { "id": "10375985", "score": "1.7331847", "text": "for the first time for all three communities and elected Robert Schuman as its President. On 13 May members sat according to political, rather than national, allegiance for the first time. In 1960, the \"outer seven\" (Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) established the European Free Trade Association in Stockholm, which entered into force on 3 May of that year. In the following two years, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and Norway applied for membership of the Communities, while the neutral countries Austria, Sweden and Switzerland asked for economic association agreements. Membership application was suspended due", "title": "History of the European Communities (1958–72)" }, { "id": "500749", "score": "1.7306311", "text": "for a \"United States of Europe\" becoming louder, the Council of Europe was established in 1949 as the first pan-European organisation. In the year following, on 9 May 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed a community to integrate the coal and steel industries of Europe – these being the two elements necessary to make weapons of war. (See: Schuman declaration). On the basis of that speech, France, Italy, the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg) together with West Germany signed the Treaty of Paris (1951) creating the European Coal and Steel Community the following year; this took over", "title": "History of the European Union" }, { "id": "18548230", "score": "1.7280568", "text": "which represented nearly 75% of its exports and this was codified in the Anglo-Irish Free trade agreement of 1966. In 1960 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established and was formed by Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. These countries were often referred to as the Outer Seven, as opposed to the Inner Six of the founding members of the European Community (EC). The EFTA was founded by a convention known as the Stockholm Convention in 1960, with the aim of liberalisation of trade in goods amongst its member states. On 31 July 1961 the", "title": "1973 enlargement of the European Communities" }, { "id": "1957525", "score": "1.7233088", "text": "and proposed a new system of integrated world trade. Also, the Council of Europe, formed by the Treaty of London 1949, adopted a European Convention on Human Rights, overseen by a new transnational court in Strasbourg in 1950. Already in 1946 Winston Churchill, who had been recently defeated as UK Prime Minister in 1945, had called for a \"United States of Europe\" with the UK \"at the centre\". In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed that, beginning with integration of French and German coal and steel production, there should be \"an organisation open to the participation of the", "title": "European Union law" }, { "id": "12924772", "score": "1.7224067", "text": "countries. The European Economic Community (EEC) was created in 1957 between six countries within the Western Bloc and later expanded to twelve countries across Europe. European communist countries had a looser economic grouping with the USSR known as Comecon. To the south there was a non-aligned communist federated country – Yugoslavia. In 1989, the Cold War between the two superpowers was coming to an end, with the USSR's influence over communist Europe collapsing. As the communist states began their transition to free market democracies, aligning to Euro-Atlantic integration, the question of enlargement into the continent was thrust onto the EEC's", "title": "2004 enlargement of the European Union" }, { "id": "118376", "score": "1.7033964", "text": "Duchesse conference centre in 1956. Together with the Ohlin Report the Spaak Report would provide the basis for the Treaty of Rome. In 1956, Paul Henri Spaak led the Intergovernmental Conference on the Common Market and Euratom at the Val Duchesse conference centre, which prepared for the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The conference led to the signature, on 25 March 1957, of the Treaty of Rome establishing a European Economic Community. The resulting communities were the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM or sometimes EAEC). These were markedly less supranational than the previous communities,", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "id": "119520", "score": "1.7003032", "text": "a customs union among members. During the 1960s, tensions began to show, with France seeking to limit supranational power. Nevertheless, in 1965 an agreement was reached and on 1 July 1967 the Merger Treaty created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the \"European Communities\". Jean Rey presided over the first merged Commission (Rey Commission). In 1973, the Communities were enlarged to include Denmark (including Greenland, which later left the Communities in 1985, following a dispute over fishing rights), Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Norway had negotiated to join at the same", "title": "European Union" }, { "id": "119517", "score": "1.6995561", "text": "in 1949, the first great effort to bring the nations of Europe together, initially ten of them. However, the Council focused primarily on values - human rights and democracy - rather than on economic or trade issues, and was always envisaged as a forum where sovereign governments could choose to work together, with no supra-national authority. It raised great hopes of further European integration, and there were fevered debates in the two years that followed as to how this could be achieved. But in 1952, disappointed at what they saw as the lack of progress within the Council of Europe,", "title": "European Union" }, { "id": "2187381", "score": "1.6984899", "text": "in order to revive European construction following the failure of the European Defence Community (EDC). It brought political parties and European trade unions together to become a driving force behind the initiatives which laid the foundation for the European Union as it eventually emerged: first the European Economic Community (EEC) (1958) (known commonly as the \"Common Market\"), which was established by the Treaty of Rome of 1957; later the European Community (1967) with its corresponding bodies, the European Commission and the European Council of Ministers, British membership in the Community (1973), the European Council (1974), the European Monetary System (1979),", "title": "Jean Monnet" }, { "id": "12751519", "score": "1.6967359", "text": "The Conférence Permanente held its first assembly in Strasbourg on 28 February 1958. Initial members were national association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherlands. The year 1961 saw the creation of the first technical committees and 4 new members joined. A permanent Secretariat was created in 1977 (before the various countries assumed the role in turns). Eurochambres, the Association of European Chambers of Commerce and Industry was registered as an international non-profit organisation in Belgium (AISBL - Association internationale à but non lucratif) in 1977. The network expanded progressively to 43 national", "title": "Eurochambres" }, { "id": "3187769", "score": "1.6950084", "text": "for greater transparency and trust among themselves. This transfer of national powers to a \"Community\" to be exercised by its Commission was paralleled under the 1957 Treaty of Rome establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (or Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC) in Brussels. In 1967, the Merger Treaty (or Brussels Treaty) combine the institutions of the ECSC and Euratom into that of the EEC. They already shared a Parliamentary Assembly and Courts. Collectively they were known as the European Communities. In 1987, the Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the Treaty of Rome that", "title": "European integration" }, { "id": "8321697", "score": "1.6928598", "text": "and which reflects the comparative interests of individual Member States. Beginning in 1957 (Rome Treaty) a group of 6 nations in Western Europe, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, created the European Economic Community (EEC). These member states were gradually joined by others through various waves of enlargement and became the European Union. Similarly to European expansion, at the time of the Treaty of Rome, there were a limited number of nations involved. Beginning with 18 countries and territories that had special relations with the member states, the so-called Associated States gained membership, eventually establishing the group known", "title": "ACP–EU development cooperation" }, { "id": "118377", "score": "1.6876898", "text": "due to protests from some countries that their sovereignty was being infringed (however there would still be concerns with the behaviour of the Hallstein Commission). The first formal meeting of the Hallstein Commission was held on 16 January 1958 at the Chateau de Val-Duchesse. The EEC (direct ancestor of the modern Community) was to create a customs union while Euratom would promote co-operation in the nuclear power sphere. The EEC rapidly became the most important of these and expanded its activities. One of the first important accomplishments of the EEC was the establishment (1962) of common price levels for agricultural", "title": "European Economic Community" }, { "id": "16091453", "score": "1.68748", "text": "Keynesian. The lead in the organisation should be in French hands, with a strong integration of the Germans. In the 1950s, the OEEC provided the framework for negotiations aimed at determining conditions for setting up a European Free Trade Area, to bring the European Economic Community of the six and the other OEEC members together on a multilateral basis. In 1958, a European Nuclear Energy Agency was set up under the OEEC. By the end of the 1950s, with the job of rebuilding Europe effectively done, some leading countries felt that the OEEC had outlived its purpose, but could be", "title": "OECD" } ]

[ "British Airways & Iberia", "british airways iberia" ]

[ { "id": "958972", "score": "1.6821407", "text": "and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010. The newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group (IAG), was established in January 2011, although both airlines continue to operate under their current brands. Iberia, Compañía Aérea de Transportes was incorporated on 28 June 1927 with a capital investment by the financier Horacio Echevarrieta and", "title": "Iberia (airline)" }, { "id": "14846380", "score": "1.6603322", "text": "December 2008, British Airways confirmed that talks were underway regarding a possible merger between the two companies. They would merge as a dual-listed company with shares listed both on the London Stock Exchange and Australian Securities Exchange. However, on 18 December 2008, the two companies called off their merger discussions over ownership issues in the aftermath of a merger. If the merger between Qantas and British Airways and the previously announced merger between British Airways and Iberia Airlines had both occurred, it would have created the largest airline company in the world. On 29 December 2008, Qantas flew its last", "title": "History of Qantas" }, { "id": "13862784", "score": "1.6535537", "text": "5, and experienced threats of industrial action, leading to a strike in March 2010. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia Airlines had agreed to a merger, forming the International Airlines Group, although BA continues to operate under its own brand. The combined airline became the world's third-largest carrier (after Delta Air Lines and American Airlines) in terms of annual revenue. Since its creation, BA has become the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. The company has been centred at its main hub at London Heathrow Airport,", "title": "History of British Airways" }, { "id": "13862823", "score": "1.64276", "text": "In the beginning of August 2008, American Airlines announced an alliance with BA and Iberia, allowing the two carriers to fix fares, routes, and schedules together.<ref name=\"BA/AA\"></ref> In addition to merger talks with Iberia, it was announced on 2 December 2008 that British Airways was discussing a merger with Qantas. If British Airways, Iberia and Qantas were to combine as one company it would be the largest airline in the world. However, on 18 December 2008, the talks with Qantas ended due to issues over ownership. In November 2010, BA was fined €104 million by the European Commission following an", "title": "History of British Airways" }, { "id": "1996585", "score": "1.630595", "text": "2013, American Airlines and US Airways announced plans to merge, creating the largest airline in the world. The holding companies of American and US Airways merged effective December 9, 2013. In preparation for their eventual integration, the airlines began offering reciprocal frequent flyer benefits on January 7, 2014, and US Airways left Star Alliance to join Oneworld on March 31, 2014. The combined airline carries the American Airlines name and branding and will maintain the existing US Airways hubs in Charlotte, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Washington, DC for a period of at least five years under the terms of a settlement with", "title": "US Airways" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Iberia (airline)\n\nIberia (), legally incorporated as \"Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A. Operadora, Sociedad Unipersonal\", is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Founded in 1927 and based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main base of Madrid–Barajas Airport.\nIberia, with Iberia Regional (operated by an independent carrier Air Nostrum) and with Iberia Express, is a part of International Airlines Group. In addition to transporting passengers and freight, Iberia Group carries out related activities, such as aircraft maintenance, handling in airports, IT systems and in-flight catering. Iberia Group airlines fly to over 109 destinations in 39 countries, and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines.<ref name=\"FI\" />\n\nOn 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010. The newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group (IAG), was established in January 2011, although both airlines continue to operate under their respective brands.", "title": "Iberia (airline)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of British Airways\n\nBritish Airways (BA), the United Kingdom's national airline, was formed in 1974 with the merger of the two largest UK airlines, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA), and including also two smaller regional airlines, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airlines. The merger was the completion of a consolidation process started in 1971 with the establishment of the British Airways Board, a body created by the British government to control the operations and finances of BOAC and BEA, which initially continued to exist as separate entities.\n\nBritish Airways acquired the supersonic Concorde in 1976, operating it on transatlantic services. The same year it assumed sole operation of international flights to North America and Southeast Asia from rival British Caledonian. The formation of Virgin Atlantic in 1984 began a tense rivalry, which led to \"one of the most bitter and protracted libel actions in aviation history\".\n\nUnder the leadership of Chairman Sir John King and CEO Colin Marshall, British Airways was privatised in February 1987, and in July of the same year, it launched the controversial takeover of British Caledonian. Following privatisation, British Airways entered a period of rapid growth, leading to the use of the slogan \"The World's Favourite Airline\", and dominated its domestic rivals during the early 1990s. Faced with increased competition and higher costs in the mid-1990s, CEO Bob Ayling led a restructuring effort, leading to trade union clashes; the carrier also invested in regional European airlines, courted international airline partnerships, and attempted a controversial ethnic livery rebranding campaign.\n\nIn the early 2000s, CEO Rod Eddington implemented further cost cuts, the retirement of Concorde, and the removal of ethnic liveries. Under Willie Walsh, who became CEO in 2005, British Airways faced a price-fixing scandal, moved its primary hub to Heathrow Terminal 5, and experienced threats of industrial action, leading to a strike in March 2010. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia Airlines had agreed to a merger, forming the International Airlines Group, although BA continues to operate under its own brand.<ref name=\"BA seals long-awaited Iberia deal\" /> The combined airline became the world's third-largest carrier (after Delta Air Lines and American Airlines) in terms of annual revenue.", "title": "History of British Airways" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "British Airways\n\nBritish Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in London, England, near its main hub at Heathrow Airport.\n\nThe airline is the second largest UK-based carrier, based on fleet size and passengers carried, behind easyJet. In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia, creating the International Airlines Group (IAG), a holding company registered in Madrid, Spain. IAG is the world's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index. British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than US$1 billion on a single air route in a year (from 1 April 2017, to 31 March 2018, on the New York-JFK - London-Heathrow route).\n\nBA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, and two regional airlines, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airlines. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. However, it marked 2019 as its centenary based on predecessor companies. After almost 13 years as a state company, BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government. The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987, Dan-Air in 1992, and British Midland International in 2012.\n\nIt is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and the now-defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has since grown to become the third-largest, after SkyTeam and Star Alliance.", "title": "British Airways" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "US Airways\n\nUS Airways (formerly USAir) was a major United States airline that operated from 1937 until its merger with American Airlines in 2015. It was originally founded in Pittsburgh as a mail delivery airline called All American Aviation, which soon became a commercial passenger airline. In 1953, it was renamed Allegheny Airlines and operated under that name for a quarter-century. In October 1979, after the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act, Allegheny Airlines changed its name to USAir. A decade later it had acquired Piedmont Airlines and Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), and was one of the U.S.'s seven transcontinental legacy carriers. In 1997, it rebranded as US Airways.\n\nThe airline had an extensive international and domestic network, with 193 destinations in 24 countries in North America, South America, Europe, and the Middle East. The airline was a member of the Star Alliance, before becoming an affiliate member of Oneworld in March 2014. US Airways had 343 mainline jets, as well as 278 regional jet and turboprops flown by contract and subsidiary airlines under the name US Airways Express via code sharing agreements.\n\nThe airline had severe financial difficulties in the early 2000s, filing for chapter 11 bankruptcy twice in two years. In 2005, America West Airlines carried out a reverse merger, acquiring the assets and branding of the larger US Airways while putting the America West leadership team largely in charge of the merged airline.\n\nIn 2013, American Airlines and US Airways announced plans to merge, creating the largest airline in the world. The holding companies of American and US Airways merged effective December 9, 2013. The combined airline carried the American Airlines name and branding and maintained the existing US Airways hubs for a period of at least five years under the terms of a settlement with the Department of Justice and several state attorneys general. US Airways management runs the combined airline from the American headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. On April 8, 2015, the FAA officially granted a single operating certificate for both carriers, marking the end of US Airways as an independent carrier. The brand continued to exist until October 2015.\n\nIts first hub was in Pittsburgh, and it operated fortress hubs in Charlotte, Las Vegas, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, and Washington–Reagan.\nThe final US Airways flight was San Francisco to Philadelphia via Phoenix and Charlotte, operating as Flight 1939 with 1939 commemorating the birth of All American Aviation, which eventually became US Airways. Repainting of US Airways' planes into the American Airlines scheme was expected to take until \"late 2016\", with new flight attendant uniforms also being introduced in 2016, when US Airways' brand was no longer on its planes, employees or assets; however, its livery with the American Airlines name still remains on several aircraft as a nod to the airline.<ref name=FinalFlight />", "title": "US Airways" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ethiopian Airlines\n\nEthiopian Airlines (commonly referred to as Ethiopian; ), formerly Ethiopian Air Lines (EAL), is the flag carrier of Ethiopia,<ref name=\"cnn20211006\"/><ref name=\"Ethiopian Airlines expands Nigeria operations\" /> and is wholly owned by the country's government. EAL was founded on 21 December 1945 and commenced operations on 8 April 1946, expanding to international flights in 1951. The firm became a share company in 1965 and changed its name from \"Ethiopian Air Lines\" to \"Ethiopian Airlines\".\n\nThe airline has been a member of the International Air Transport Association since 1959 and of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) since 1968. Ethiopian is Africa's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, destinations served, fleet size, and revenue. Ethiopian is also the world's 4th largest airline by the number of countries served.", "title": "Ethiopian Airlines" }, { "id": "46470", "score": "1.6257303", "text": "agreement was confirmed in April 2010, and in July the European Commission and US Department of Transport permitted the merger and began to co-ordinate transatlantic routes with American Airlines. On 6 October 2010 the alliance between British Airways, American Airlines and Iberia formally began operations. The alliance generates an estimated £230 million in annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to the £330 million which would be saved by the merger with Iberia. This merger was finalised on 21 January 2011, resulting in the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest airline", "title": "British Airways" }, { "id": "14645258", "score": "1.6205449", "text": "it would not pursue a merger with US Airways. The Board of Directors at Continental and United Airlines approved a stock-swap deal that would combine them into the world's largest airline on Sunday, May 2, 2010. The airlines publicly announced the deal the next day. This would re-unite Walter Varney's airlines, which offspring includes Continental and United. Both airlines have taken losses in the recession and expect the merger to generate savings of more than a year. Combined, they fly to some 370 destinations in 59 countries from their ten hubs, and carry passengers a year. Combined revenues will be", "title": "United Continental Holdings" }, { "id": "1297852", "score": "1.6197363", "text": "DOT approval to begin service to Shanghai from its Detroit hub beginning March 25, 2009. American, Continental, Delta, and US Airways also received new or additional China route authority to Shanghai or Beijing, and United received authority to serve Guangzhou. On April 14, 2008, Northwest Airlines announced that it would be merging with Delta Air Lines to form the world's largest airline. The merger was approved on October 29, 2008. The CEO during the merger of Delta and Northwest was Richard Anderson who was Northwest Airlines CEO from 2001 to 2004. The combined airline uses the Delta name and branding.", "title": "Northwest Airlines" }, { "id": "832268", "score": "1.6153394", "text": "emergence from bankruptcy on April 25, 2007, and the subsequent merger with Northwest Airlines. The merger was announced April 14, 2008, and was set to create the world's largest airline. After approval of the merger on October 29, 2008, Northwest continued to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta until December 31, 2009, when both carriers' operating certificates were merged (the Delta certificate was kept). Delta completed integration with Northwest on January 31, 2010, when their reservation systems and websites were combined, and the Northwest Airlines brand was officially retired. A decade later, the merger success is reflected in", "title": "Delta Air Lines" }, { "id": "17117389", "score": "1.61203", "text": "world's largest airline under the Delta name. The merger formed the largest commercial airline in the world, with 786 aircraft. The Atlanta-based combined airline will have $17.7 billion enterprise value. The company also stated on April 14, 2008 that it agreed with its pilot union to extend the existing collective bargaining agreement through the end of 2012. The agreement, subject to a vote by the pilots, provides Delta pilots a 3.5 percent equity stake in the created new airline. Northwest WorldPerks was merged into Delta SkyMiles on October 1, 2009. Operating certificates were merged on December 31, 2009. Reservations systems", "title": "History of Delta Air Lines" }, { "id": "3861063", "score": "1.6115179", "text": "On February 14, 2013, AMR and US Airways Group officially announced that the two companies would merge to form the largest airline in the world. In the deal, which is expected to close in the third quarter of 2013, bondholders of AMR will own 72% of the new company and US Airways shareholders will own the remaining 28%. The combined airline would carry the American Airlines name and branding, while the US Airways' management team, including CEO Doug Parker, would retain most operational management positions. Headquarters for the new airline were consolidated at American's current headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas.", "title": "AMR Corporation" }, { "id": "1293361", "score": "1.609294", "text": "Onex Corp, launched takeover bids for ailing rival Canadian Airlines and Air Canada, spurring Air Canada to submit a competing offer for its largest rival. In January 2001, Air Canada acquired Canada's second largest air carrier, Canadian Airlines, merging the latter's operations, becoming the world's twelfth-largest airline in the first decade of the 21st century. As Air Canada gained access to its former rival's financial statements, officials learned that the carrier was in worse financial shape than was previously believed. An expedited merger strategy was pursued, but in summer 2000 integration efforts led to flight delays, luggage problems and other", "title": "Air Canada" }, { "id": "46467", "score": "1.6091254", "text": "purchased a 25% stake in the Australian airline Qantas and, with the acquisition of Brymon Airways in May, formed British Airways Citiexpress (later BA Connect). In September 1998, British Airways, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and Canadian Airlines, formed the Oneworld airline alliance. Oneworld began operations on 1 February 1999, and is the third largest airline alliance in the world, behind SkyTeam and Star Alliance. Bob Ayling's leadership led to a cost savings of £750m and the establishment of a budget airline, Go, in 1998. The next year, however, British Airways reported an 84% drop in profits in", "title": "British Airways" }, { "id": "11847457", "score": "1.6054356", "text": "year before Northwest Airlines declared bankruptcy. Then in 2007 became CEO of Delta Air Lines when the merger took place. On April 14, 2008, both Delta and Northwest Airlines announced that they would merge to create the world's largest airline under the Delta name. The Atlanta-based combined airline will have $17.7 billion enterprise value. The company also stated on April 14, 2008 that it agreed with its pilot union to extend the existing collective bargaining agreement through the end of 2012. The agreement, subject to a vote by the pilots, provided Delta pilots a 3.5% equity stake in the created", "title": "Delta Air Lines–Northwest Airlines merger" }, { "id": "13862826", "score": "1.6036372", "text": "to operate under their current brands. The merger is believed to be worth approximately , the new group has over 400 aircraft and flies to over 200 destinations across the world. As part of the deal, British Airways shareholders took a 55% stake in the company, headquartered in London, with the remainder owned by Iberia. Industry analysts have speculated that the merger makes a three-way tie-in with American Airlines more likely. Across April and May 2010, much of Western and Northern Europe had their airspace closed due to huge density ash clouds from the erupting Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland. It", "title": "History of British Airways" }, { "id": "1630991", "score": "1.5993812", "text": "begun extensive code-sharing and set up joint ground handling, maintenance and catering services, were to merge by November of that year, which was later postponed indefinitely, though. The proposed privatisation and merger with Afriqiyah Airways has also been postponed, despite the fact it was originally planned to be effective in November 2010. The two carriers were later expected to merge in late 2011, however the Arab Spring and poor organisation forced this deal to be postponed many more times. Both airlines are to merge by the first half of 2013, according to Libya's current Interim Transport Minister Yousef el-Uheshi –", "title": "Libyan Airlines" }, { "id": "2355669", "score": "1.5981694", "text": "have made the resultant airline the largest in Asia. Although there was considerable resistance to CAAC's call to rationalise the industry, in July 2000, the administrative body announced that the ten airlines under its direct management will be merged into three airline groups, revolving around Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern itself. Within a month, China Southern had started absorbing Zhengzhou-based Zhongyuan Airlines, which at the time operated five Boeing 737s and two Xian Y-7 turboprops. The carrier would later merge with Shenyang-based China Northern Airlines and Urumqi-based Xinjiang Airlines to form China Southern Air Holding Co., a", "title": "China Southern Airlines" }, { "id": "958998", "score": "1.5979552", "text": "At the time it was estimated the alliance would generate an estimated £230 million in annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to the £330 million which would be saved by the merger with Iberia. The merger was finalised on 21 January 2011, resulting in the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest airline group in Europe. Prior to merging, British Airways owned a 13.5% stake in Iberia, and thus received ownership of 55% of the combined International Airlines Group; Iberia's other shareholders received the remaining 45%. The merger has been controversial.", "title": "Iberia (airline)" }, { "id": "11377506", "score": "1.5973179", "text": "22 June 2000, this expanded into the SkyTeam global airline alliance. On 30 September 2003, Air France and Netherlands-based KLM Royal Dutch Airlines announced the merger of the two airlines, the new company to be known as Air France-KLM. The merger became reality on 5 May 2004. At that point former Air France shareholders owned 81% of the new firm (44% owned by the French state, 37% by private shareholders), former KLM shareholders the rest. The decision of the Jean-Pierre Raffarin government to reduce the French state's shareholding in the former Air France group from 54.4% to 44% of the", "title": "Air France" }, { "id": "13862790", "score": "1.5964783", "text": "combined under the newly formed British Airways Board, with the physical operations of the separate airlines coming together as British Airways on 1 April 1974, under the guidance of David Nicolson as Chairman of the Board. At the time it was the biggest merger in the aviation industry, creating the world's largest network of routes for the new unified company to harness. In 1975, British Airways was headquartered in the Victoria Terminal in London. Its international division was headquartered at Speedbird House by Heathrow Airport, while its European division was headquartered at Bealine House, Ruislip, Middlesex. The regional division was", "title": "History of British Airways" } ]

[ "Charlie Chan", "Number One Son", "Birmingham Brown", "charley chan", "Charley Chan", "charlie chan", "number one son", "birmingham brown" ]

[ { "id": "1292724", "score": "2.4263906", "text": "Earl Derr Biggers Earl Derr Biggers (August 26, 1884 – April 5, 1933) was an American novelist and playwright. He is remembered primarily for his novels, especially those featuring the fictional Chinese American detective Charlie Chan, from which popular films were made in the United States and China. The son of Robert J. and Emma E. (Derr) Biggers, Earl Derr Biggers was born in Warren, Ohio, and graduated from Harvard University in 1907. He worked as a journalist for \"The Plain Dealer\" before turning to fiction. Many of his plays and novels were made into movies. He was posthumously inducted", "title": "Earl Derr Biggers" }, { "id": "1292726", "score": "2.2933755", "text": "novels. The popularity of Charlie Chan extended even to China, where audiences in Shanghai appreciated the Hollywood films. Chinese companies made films starring this fictional character. Derr Biggers publicly acknowledged the real-life detective Chang Apana as the inspiration for the character of Charlie Chan in his letter to the \"Honolulu Advertiser\" of June 28, 1932. Biggers lived in San Marino, California, and died in a Pasadena, California hospital after suffering a heart attack in Palm Springs, California. He was 48. Earl Derr Biggers Earl Derr Biggers (August 26, 1884 – April 5, 1933) was an American novelist and playwright. He", "title": "Earl Derr Biggers" }, { "id": "1292699", "score": "2.115501", "text": "by Earl Derr Biggers. In 1919, while visiting Hawaii, Biggers planned a detective novel to be called \"The House Without a Key\". He did not begin to write that novel until four years later, however, when he was inspired to add a Chinese-American police officer to the plot after reading in a newspaper of Chang Apana (鄭阿平) and Lee Fook, two detectives on the Honolulu police force. Biggers, who disliked the Yellow Peril stereotypes he found when he came to California, explicitly conceived of the character as an alternative: \"Sinister and wicked Chinese are old stuff, but an amiable Chinese", "title": "Charlie Chan" }, { "id": "4244488", "score": "2.0469606", "text": "vacationed in Hawaii in 1919 where he was inspired to begin to write the novel \"House Without a Key\". While reading Honolulu newspapers in the New York library in 1924, he read about the exploits of Apana Chang. Biggers then created a new character based on Chang for his novel, inserting him a quarter of the way through the book. The character became popular and Derr Biggers expanded his presence in his novels. Chang met actor Warner Oland, who portrayed Charlie Chan, when \"The Black Camel\" was filmed in Hawaii. When Biggers met Chang in 1928 the real detective was", "title": "Chang Apana" }, { "id": "4244489", "score": "1.934539", "text": "already being called \"Charlie Chan\", and Chang enjoyed watching his fictional counterpart's films. After five more novels, Derr Biggers publicly acknowledged Chang as the inspiration for his character in a letter to the \"Honolulu Advertiser\" dated June 28, 1932. His widow states, though, that Chan was actually based on Biggers himself, resembling him in physique and character, whereas Chang was slight in build, quick to anger, and involved in very few actual murder cases. After 34 years of service, Chang retired in May 1932 as a detective when he was injured in a car accident. He briefly worked as a", "title": "Chang Apana" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Charlie Chan\n\nCharlie Chan is a fictional Honolulu police detective created by author Earl Derr Biggers for a series of mystery novels. Biggers loosely based Chan on Hawaiian detective Chang Apana. The benevolent and heroic Chan was conceived as an alternative to Yellow Peril stereotypes and villains like Fu Manchu. Many stories feature Chan traveling the world beyond Hawaii as he investigates mysteries and solves crimes.\n\nChan first appeared in Biggers' novels and then was featured in a number of media. Over four dozen films featuring Charlie Chan were made, beginning in 1926. The character, featured only as a supporting character, was first portrayed by East Asian actors, and the films met with little success. In 1931, for the first film centering on Chan, \"Charlie Chan Carries On\", the Fox Film Corporation cast Swedish actor Warner Oland; the film became popular, and Fox went on to produce 15 more Chan films with Oland in the title role. After Oland's death, American actor Sidney Toler was cast as Chan; Toler made 22 Chan films, first for Fox and then for Monogram Studios. After Toler's death, six films were made, starring Roland Winters.\n\nReaders and moviegoers of America greeted Chan warmly. Chan was seen as an attractive character, portrayed as intelligent, heroic, benevolent, and honorable; this contrasted the common depiction of Asians as evil or conniving which dominated Hollywood and national media in the early 20th century. However, in later decades critics increasingly took a more ambivalent view of the character. Despite his good qualities, Chan was also perceived as reinforcing condescending Asian stereotypes such as an alleged incapacity to speak idiomatic English and a tradition-bound and subservient nature. No Charlie Chan film has been produced since 1981.\n\nThe character has also been featured in several radio programs, two television shows, and comics.", "title": "Charlie Chan" }, { "id": "3313276", "score": "1.929187", "text": "several famous works of fiction, in literature, television and in motion pictures. One of the most famous fictional literary detectives attached to the Honolulu Police Department was Charlie Chan. Chan, inspired in part by the career of HPD vice detective Chang Apana, was created in the 1920s by Earl Derr Biggers and had become one of the most important figures in American mystery fiction. In addition to being the hero of six novels, Chan became the subject of some forty films between the 1930s and 1950s. He, along with his family, was also made the subject of a short-lived ABC/Hanna-Barbera", "title": "Honolulu Police Department" }, { "id": "1292696", "score": "1.9107888", "text": "Charlie Chan Charlie Chan is a fictional character created by Earl Derr Biggers. Biggers loosely based Chan on Honolulu, Hawaii, detective Chang Apana, and conceived of the benevolent and heroic Chan as an alternative to Yellow Peril stereotypes and villains like Fu Manchu. Chan is a detective for the Honolulu police, though many stories feature Chan traveling the world as he investigates mysteries and solves crimes. Chan first appeared in Biggers' novels, then was featured in a number of media. Over four dozen films featuring Charlie Chan were made, beginning in 1926. The character was first portrayed by East Asian", "title": "Charlie Chan" }, { "id": "1292725", "score": "1.8890074", "text": "into the Warren City Schools Distinguished Alumni Hall of Fame. His novel \"Seven Keys to Baldpate\" was popular in 1913, and George M. Cohan quickly adapted the novel as a hit Broadway stage play of the same name. Cohan starred in the 1917 film version, one of seven film versions of the play, and a 1935 revival. The novel was also adapted into two films with different titles, \"House of the Long Shadows\" and \"Haunted Honeymoon\", but they had essentially equivalent plots. More than 10 years after \"Baldpate\", Biggers had even greater success with his series of Charlie Chan detective", "title": "Earl Derr Biggers" }, { "id": "17215170", "score": "1.882859", "text": "1951. An additional eight stories were published in Collier's but never collected. The Mr. Wong character was featured in a series of films for Monogram Pictures. The first five starred Boris Karloff and were directed by William Nigh. All the films co-starred Grant Withers as Wong's friend, Police Captain Street. Karloff also played the Chinese character Dr. Fu Manchu in \"The Mask of Fu Manchu\" (1932) and General Wu Yen Fang, in \"West of Shanghai\" (1937), just prior to the first Mr. Wong movie. There is also a 1935 movie starring Bela Lugosi featuring a title character named Mr. Wong,", "title": "Mr. Wong (fictional detective)" }, { "id": "4244493", "score": "1.875308", "text": "Chang's stories and his successes in solving cases. Chang Apana Apana Chang (December 26, 1871 – December 8, 1933; ) was a Chinese-Hawaiian member of the Honolulu Police Department, first as an officer, then as a detective. He was acknowledged by Earl Derr Biggers as the inspiration for his fictional Asian detective character, Charlie Chan. Ah Ping Chang (鄭阿平) was born December 26, 1871 in Waipio, Oahu, Hawaii. Apana is a Hawaiianized version of the Chinese name \"Ah Ping\". His family moved back to China when he was 3, but Chang returned at the age of 10 to live with", "title": "Chang Apana" }, { "id": "1292701", "score": "1.8668319", "text": "such as Fu Manchu, while simultaneously emphasizing supposedly Chinese characteristics such as impassivity and stoicism. Biggers wrote six novels in which Charlie Chan appears: The first Charlie Chan film was \"The House Without a Key\" (1926), a ten-chapter serial produced by Pathé Studios, starring George Kuwa, a Japanese actor, as Chan. A year later Universal Pictures followed with \"The Chinese Parrot\", starring Japanese actor, Kamiyama Sojin, in the starring role. In both productions, Charlie Chan's role was minimized. Contemporary reviews were unfavorable; in the words of one reviewer, speaking of \"The Chinese Parrot\", Sojin plays \"the Chink sleuth as a", "title": "Charlie Chan" }, { "id": "3324583", "score": "1.8453084", "text": "in 1934 (both of which are considered lost films). The Chinese Parrot The Chinese Parrot (1926) is the second novel in the Charlie Chan series of mystery novels by Earl Derr Biggers. It is the first in which Chan travels from Hawaii to mainland California, and involves a crime whose exposure is hastened by the death of a parrot. The story concerns a valuable string of pearls which is purchased by a wealthy and eccentric financier. The handsome young son of the jeweller is assigned to shepherd the transfer of the pearls to the financier's vacation home in a desert", "title": "The Chinese Parrot" }, { "id": "17215169", "score": "1.8361607", "text": "Mr. Wong (fictional detective) James Lee Wong, known simply as Mr. Wong, is a fictional Chinese-American detective created by Hugh Wiley (1884–1968). Mr Wong appeared in magazine stories and a series of films. In his story \"No Witnesses\", Wiley describes Mr. Wong as six feet tall, educated at Yale University and \"with the face of a foreign devil-a Yankee\". In the stories he is an agent of the United States Treasury Department and lives in San Francisco. Twelve stories were published in Colliers Magazine from 1934 to 1938. These were all collected in the volume \"Murder by the Dozen\" in", "title": "Mr. Wong (fictional detective)" }, { "id": "17215172", "score": "1.8279922", "text": "Luke had been signed for four Mr. Wong pictures a year. But due to the departure of Karloff, film exhibitors lost interest in the Mr. Wong series and it was ended. From 1939 a comic of the film \"The Mystery of Mr Wong\" appeared in four consecutive issues of Popular Comics. \"Popular Comics\" (Dell, 1939–40) Issues 38-41 Mr. Wong (fictional detective) James Lee Wong, known simply as Mr. Wong, is a fictional Chinese-American detective created by Hugh Wiley (1884–1968). Mr Wong appeared in magazine stories and a series of films. In his story \"No Witnesses\", Wiley describes Mr. Wong as", "title": "Mr. Wong (fictional detective)" }, { "id": "5896089", "score": "1.8175671", "text": "Morris Minor Traveller. Both series were released on DVD in the UK in a complete box set on 14 April 2008. The Chinese Detective The Chinese Detective is a British television police procedural drama series, first transmitted by the BBC between 1981 and 1982. The series was created by Ian Kennedy Martin, who had previously devised \"The Sweeney\" and \"Juliet Bravo\". The series starred British Chinese actor David Yip as Detective Sergeant John Ho, the first Chinese lead actor in a British television drama series. The series offered traditional police procedural storylines in a setting of occasional prejudice and distrust", "title": "The Chinese Detective" }, { "id": "1458619", "score": "1.8167619", "text": "Dee\" (first published in Tokyo in 1949). The main character of this book, Judge Dee, was based on the real statesman and detective Di Renjie, who lived in the 7th century, during the Tang Dynasty (AD 600–900), though in the novel itself elements of Ming Dynasty China (AD 1300–1600) were mixed in. Thanks to his translation of this largely forgotten work, van Gulik became interested in Chinese detective fiction. To the translation he appended an essay on the genre in which he suggested that it was easy to imagine rewriting some of the old Chinese case histories with an eye", "title": "Robert van Gulik" }, { "id": "2840180", "score": "1.8033059", "text": "series of 11 Crime Club mystery films released from 1937 to 1939. These include \"The Westlake Case\" (1937) and \"Mystery of the White Room\" (1939). Other literary sleuths who were brought to the screen include Charlie Chan, Ellery Queen, Nancy Drew, Nero Wolfe, and Agatha Christie's Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot. To date, 32 films and dozens of television adaptations have been made based on Christie's novels. British private detective and adventurer Bulldog Drummond was featured in 24 films from 1922 to 1969 and was one of the prototypes for Ian Fleming's James Bond character. A few silent Charlie Chan", "title": "Mystery film" }, { "id": "14309617", "score": "1.8023219", "text": "his deductions is always interesting.\" Charlie Chan's Greatest Case Charlie Chan's Greatest Case (1933) is an American pre-Code murder mystery film starring Warner Oland as the Oriental detective Charlie Chan. It was based on the Earl Derr Biggers novel \"The House Without a Key\" (1925). Oland made a series of Charlie Chan films; along with three others, this one is considered to be a lost film. \"The New York Times\" reviewer wrote, \"As far as the mystery of these particular murders is concerned it is not difficult for the audience to decide on the identity of the slayer, but the", "title": "Charlie Chan's Greatest Case" }, { "id": "9423644", "score": "1.7773596", "text": "The Chinese Maze Murders The Chinese Maze Murders is a \"gong'an\" historical mystery novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China. It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee (Ti Jen-chieh or Di Renjie - chin: 狄仁傑), a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700. However, van Gulik's novel is set not in the Tang, but in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), with society and customs depicted in the book reflecting this period. This was the first of the fictional mystery stories written by Robert van Gulik. It was based", "title": "The Chinese Maze Murders" }, { "id": "1292708", "score": "1.774621", "text": "the 1930s and 1940s, five Chan films were produced in Shanghai and Hong Kong. In these films, Chan owns his detective agency and is aided, not by a son, but by a daughter, Manna, played first by Gu Meijun (顾梅君) in the Shanghai productions and then by Bai Yan (白燕) in postwar Hong Kong. Chinese audiences also saw the original American Charlie Chan films. They were by far the most popular American films in 1930s China and among Chinese expatriates; \"one of the reasons for this acceptance was this was the first time Chinese audiences saw a positive Chinese character", "title": "Charlie Chan" } ]

[ "Won the most Olympic medals in her career", "won most olympic medals in her career" ]

[ { "id": "811634", "score": "2.126594", "text": "Polytechnic Institute, and continued her training at the Burevestnik Voluntary Sports Society. At the age of 19, she debuted internationally at the 1954 Rome World Championships, winning the gold medal in the team competition. At the 1956 Summer Olympics, she competed with Ágnes Keleti of Hungary to become the most successful gymnast of the Olympics. Latynina beat Keleti in the all-around event, and the Soviet team also won the team event. In the event finals, Latynina won gold medals on the floor (shared with Keleti) and vault, a silver medal on the uneven bars, and a bronze medal in the", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": "811632", "score": "2.1064825", "text": "Larisa Latynina Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (, ; née Diriy; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet artistic gymnast from southern Ukraine. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years (Michael Phelps; 31 July 2012). She held the record for individual event medals with 14 for 52 years (Michael Phelps; 11 August 2016). She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": "811636", "score": "2.0927405", "text": "bronze in the vault competition. Latynina won all-around titles at the 1962 World Championships, beating Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia. Still the defending World Champion at the 1964 Summer Olympics, she was beaten by Čáslavská in the all-around competition. Latynina added two more gold medals to her tally, winning the team event and the floor event both for the third time in a row. A silver medal and two bronzes in the other apparatus events brought her total of Olympic medals to eighteen—nine gold medals, five silver and four bronze. She won a medal in every event in which she competed,", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": "811640", "score": "2.067465", "text": "the 1966 World Championships and became a coach for the Soviet national gymnastics team, a position she held until 1977. Under her coaching the Soviet women won team gold in the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics. She organized the gymnastics competition at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow. She is a citizen of Russia, and lives in an estate near the town of Semenovskoye. 1989: Olympic Order (silver), International Olympic Committee 1998: Inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame Larisa Latynina Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (, ; née Diriy; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet artistic gymnast from", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": "811635", "score": "1.99845", "text": "now discontinued team event with portable apparatus. Keleti also won six medals: four golds and two silvers. After a very successful World Championships in 1958 (winning five out of six titles despite competing whilst four months pregnant and medaling on every event), Latynina was the favorite for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. In the all-around event she led the Soviet Union to take the first four places, thereby also securing a win in the team competition by a margin of nine points. Latynina defended her floor title, took silver medals in the balance beam and uneven bars events, and", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Larisa Latynina\n\nLarisa Semyonovna Latynina (, née Diriy, Дирий; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet artistic gymnast. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years. She held the record for individual event medals, winning 14 over 52 years. She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of Olympic female artistic gymnasts for the Soviet Union ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ukraine at the Olympics\n\nUkraine first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then. The first athlete who won the gold medal for the \"yellow-blues\" was Oksana Baiul.\n\nPreviously, athletes of modern Ukraine mostly competed as part of the Russian Empire (1900–1912) and the Soviet Union from 1952 to 1988, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian athletes were part of the Unified Team in 1992. Tatiana Gutsu became the best athlete of the Unified Team in 1992 from independent Ukraine.\n\nIndependently, Ukraine has won a total of 120 medals at the Summer Games and 8 at the Winter Games, with gymnastics at summer and biathlon at winter as the nation's top medal-producing sports.\n\nThe National Olympic Committee of Ukraine was created in 1990 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.\n\nUkraine has won a total of 148 medals since it regained independence, with 38 of them gold, the second most amongst all post-Soviet states behind Russia.\n", "title": "Ukraine at the Olympics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Artistic gymnastics\n\nArtistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines on different apparatuses. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of elite international competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations like British Gymnastics and USA Gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at many competitions, including the Summer Olympic Games.", "title": "Artistic gymnastics" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of people from Ukraine\n\nThis is a list of individuals who were born and lived in territories located in present-day Ukraine, including ethnic Ukrainians and those of other ethnicities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of people from Ukraine" }, { "id": "4656239", "score": "1.94332", "text": "Polina Astakhova Polina Ghrighorievna Astakhova (Полина Григорьевна Астахова, 30 October 1936 – 5 August 2005) was a Soviet Ukrainian artistic gymnast. She won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. Astakhova became interested in artistic gymnastics at age 13, after she had watched the gymnastics championships in Donetsk, where their family moved a short time before. She trained in the local gymnastics sports club Shakhtyor under Vladimir Alieksandrovitch Smirnov. Astakhova earned a nickname \"The Russian Birch\" in Western countries for her exceptional grace, and at the 1960 Olympics she was even called \"Madonna\" by the Italian journalists.", "title": "Polina Astakhova" }, { "id": "1766589", "score": "1.9346863", "text": "as Olympic all-around champion Larisa Latynina and World all-around and Olympic champion Svetlana Boginskaya who contributed to this tradition. From 1952 to 1992 inclusive, the Soviet women's squad won almost every single team title in World Championship competition and at the Summer Olympics: the only four exceptions were the 1984 Olympics, which they did not attend, and the 1966, 1979, and 1987 World Championships. Most of the famous Soviet gymnasts were from the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, they competed together as one nation for the last time at", "title": "Artistic gymnastics" }, { "id": "811638", "score": "1.908097", "text": "she is the only woman who has won an all-around medal in more than two Olympiads, the only woman who has won an individual event (floor exercise) in more than two Olympiads, and one of only three women who have won every individual event at either the World Championship or Olympic level. She is one of only two female gymnasts (Simone Biles; 2016) to have won team gold, all-around gold and an event final gold at the same Olympics, having done so twice, in 1956 and four years later, in 1960. She was born to Pelageya Anisimovna Barabamyuk (1902–1975) and", "title": "Larisa Latynina" }, { "id": "4656240", "score": "1.8999712", "text": "Between 1956 and 1966 Astakhova was on top of many international and national competitions especially on the uneven bars apparatus event. She was a member of the USSR team between 1955 and 1968. In 1954 Astakhova competed in the USSR Championships for the first time and in a year she made the USSR National team at the 1956 Summer Olympics. She was the youngest team member and contributed to the team's gold. At the 1960 Summer Olympics Olympics in Rome she led in the all-around, but lost a whole point for a fall on beam, which was the seventh routine", "title": "Polina Astakhova" }, { "id": "4656242", "score": "1.8987368", "text": "2002, she was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Astakhova spent the last years of her life in Kiev before her death at age 68 from pneumonia. Polina Astakhova Polina Ghrighorievna Astakhova (Полина Григорьевна Астахова, 30 October 1936 – 5 August 2005) was a Soviet Ukrainian artistic gymnast. She won ten medals at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. Astakhova became interested in artistic gymnastics at age 13, after she had watched the gymnastics championships in Donetsk, where their family moved a short time before. She trained in the local gymnastics sports club Shakhtyor under Vladimir Alieksandrovitch", "title": "Polina Astakhova" }, { "id": "1574041", "score": "1.884067", "text": "Championships held in 1963 in Budapest, Hungary was won by Soviet gymnast Ludmila Savinkova and in 1967 in Copenhagen, Denmark the first Group Championships was also won by the USSR. Other Soviet World AA Champions in individuals included Elena Karpuchina, Galina Shugurova and Irina Deriugina. Marina Lobatch became the first Soviet to win the Olympic Games in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. In 1991, The Unified Team was formed saw a competition of the two Soviet/Ukrainian gymnasts Olexandra Tymoshenko and Oxana Skaldina at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Other notable Soviet gymnasts include: Tatiana Kravtchenko, Liubov Sereda, Alfia Nazmutdinova, Natalia", "title": "Rhythmic gymnastics" }, { "id": "4726230", "score": "1.8758159", "text": "to train her. In 1951 Romashkova became the Soviet champion, she repeated this success in 1952–1956, 1958 and 1959. In 1952 she was a member of the Soviet team, which participated in the Olympic Games for the first time in history. At that time the Olympic record was held since 1936 Summer Olympics by Gisela Mauermayer at 47.63 m. Ponomaryova won the qualifying round with a throw of 45.05 m (36 m was enough to qualify). In the final, after the first try Ponomaryova was second with a throw of 45.16 m, the leader being her teammate Nina Dumbadze (45.85", "title": "Nina Ponomaryova" }, { "id": "811649", "score": "1.8678553", "text": "the Czechoslovak team, and then won bronze in the all around event at the 1961 European Championships. She fought for the all-around title at home in the 1962 World Championships, held off only by Larisa Latynina, and managed to win her first world title, in the vault. She did not compete at the 1963 European Championships in Paris. Between 1964 and 1968 Čáslavská won 19 individual gold medals in major international competitions. She was at her peak at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, winning the overall title and taking gold medals in the balance beam and the vault, in", "title": "Věra Čáslavská" }, { "id": "12387011", "score": "1.8600061", "text": "Czech gymnast Věra Čáslavská, who followed Latynina to become a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 before she started winning gold medals at the highest level of the sport, and won her final Olympic all-around title at the age of 26. In the 1970s, the average age of Olympic gymnastics competitors began to gradually decrease. While it was not unheard of for teenagers to compete in the 1960s — Ludmilla Tourischeva was sixteen at her first Olympics in 1968 — they slowly became the norm, as difficulty in gymnastics increased. NB: \"The \"age at Olympics\" is calculated from the first", "title": "Gymnastics all-around champions by age" }, { "id": "8672252", "score": "1.8597682", "text": "Student Games, taking the long jump bronze medal behind fellow Soviet Aleksandra Chudina and Hungary's Olga Gyarmati. Khnykina trained at Dynamo in Tbilisi. She competed for the Soviet Union in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland in the 200 metres, where she won the bronze medal. She repeated this achievement four years later in Melbourne at the 1956 Summer Olympics, only this time it was in the long jump. The \"Journal of Olympic History\" listed her as having died in 1994, but this report was in error as the Georgian Olympic Committee celebrated her 80th birthday in 2013.", "title": "Nadezhda Khnykina-Dvalishvili" }, { "id": "1766564", "score": "1.8574207", "text": "the 1950 World Championships, it was added to the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, and the format has remained to this day. The earliest champions in women's gymnastics tended to be in their 20s, and most had studied ballet for years before entering the sport. Larisa Latynina, the first great Soviet gymnast, won her first Olympic all-around medal at the age of 22 and her second at 26; she became the 1958 world champion while pregnant with her daughter. Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia, who followed Latynina to become a two-time Olympic all-around champion, was 22 before she started winning", "title": "Artistic gymnastics" }, { "id": "1574047", "score": "1.8536367", "text": "Dmitrieva, Alexandra Merkulova, Daria Svatkovskaya, Yana Kudryavtseva, Maria Titova, Maria Tolkacheva, Aleksandra Soldatova, Dina Averina, Arina Averina, Irina Annenkova, Diana Borisova, Iuliia Bravikova, Anastasiia Tatareva, Eleonora Romanova, Daria Dubova, Vera Biryukova, Sofya Skomorokh, Alina Ermolova, Ekaterina Selezneva, Daria Pridannikova, Lala Kramarenko, and Polina Shmatko. The Russian Group has won five of the six Group exercises held in the Olympics since it was included in the Olympic Games back in 1996 Summer Olympics. Ukraine: Even as part of the USSR, a number of Soviet gymnasts were trained in Ukraine or with Ukrainian origin including the first World Champion Ludmila Savinkova and", "title": "Rhythmic gymnastics" }, { "id": "4656241", "score": "1.8517239", "text": "of eight contested. She was very disappointed by the accident and even did not compete that year, although in Rome she won the gold in the team competition and on the bars, silver on the floor and bronze in the all-around. She recovered after the 1961 European Championships, where she won gold medals on the bars and on beam. Competing in the 1964 Summer Olympics, Astakhova contributed to the team's gold, won on the bars, was second on the floor and third in the all-around. After retiring from competitions, since 1972 Astakhova worked as a national coach in Ukraine. In", "title": "Polina Astakhova" }, { "id": "4726231", "score": "1.8429517", "text": "m). In the second try Ponomaryova improved the Olympic record by more than 3 metres (50.84 m). After that she was the leader until the end of the competition. In the third try she set the Olympic record at 51.42 m and earned the first Olympic gold medal for the Soviet Union. Less than a month after the 1952 Summer Olympics, on 9 August 1952 in Odessa Ponomaryova set a new world record at 53.61 m. In 1954 she won a European title, and in 1956 an Olympic bronze medal. In 1957 she was awarded the Order of the Red", "title": "Nina Ponomaryova" }, { "id": "817017", "score": "1.8427665", "text": "won 18 Olympic medals – a record for either gender in any sport, was the senior coach for the team, and was determined to uphold the classical gymnastics tradition against the new athletic school of gymnastics as represented by Comaneci, Davydova and others. Two days before the Games began The Training Council ( the governing body of Soviet Gymnastics) criticised Latynina for leaving behind Davydova and Shaposhnikova. In August Davydova won the Antibes tournament in France by 0.6 points. In addition, she won gold on the vault, and silvers on the events beam, bars, and floor. At the Riga International", "title": "Yelena Davydova" } ]

[ "civil war states", "Civil War (American)", "U.S. Civil War", "american states secession war", "United States Civil War", "US Civil War", "secession war", "buchanan s war", "civil war united states", "civil war american", "war between states", "secession winter", "Secession War", "United States civil war", "Civil War (U.S. history)", "Us Civil war", "Civil War States", "Civil War of the United States", "US civil war", "American sivil war", "civil war usa", "usa civil war", "civil war u s", "American Civil war", "conservative rebellion", "The War of the Rebellion", "late unpleasantness", "civil war era", "Civil War (United States)", "American Civil War", "Civil War (U.S.)", "US Civil war", "civil war of united states", "The Late Unpleasantness", "civil war in united states", "secession war of", "The U.S. Civil War", "American civil war", "u s civil war", "military history of confederate states", "Civil war of the us", "american sivil war", "Secession winter", "Us Civil War", "The Recent Unpleasantness", "War of the States", "Civil war usa", "U. S. Civil War", "American States Secession War", "Secession, War of", "U S Civil War", "Civil War in the United States", "recent unpleasantness", "civil war u s history", "Us civil war", "Conservative Rebellion", "The War of Northern Agression", "united states civil war", "United states civil war", "Military history of the Confederate States", "USA civil war", "Recent Unpleasantness", "upcountry unionist", "The American Civil War", "civil war of us", "us civil war", "war of northern agression", "Civil War Era", "war of states", "The War Between the States", "The us civil war", "U.S. Civil war", "Civil War, American", "american civil war", "Civil War (US)", "Buchanan's War", "war of rebellion", "Upcountry Unionist", "American Secession War", "american secession war", "civil war us" ]

[ { "id": "2666565", "score": "1.878118", "text": "and Cole Younger, who went on after the war to apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics to bank and train robbery. The William Clarke Quantrill Society continues to celebrate Quantrill's life and deeds. William Quantrill William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside apprehending escaped slaves. Later on this group became Confederate soldiers, who were referred to as \"Quantrill's Raiders\". This group was a pro-Confederate partisan ranger", "title": "William Quantrill" }, { "id": "2666476", "score": "1.83079", "text": "Quantrill's Raiders Quantrill's Raiders were the best-known of the pro-Confederate partisan guerrillas (also known as \"bushwhackers\") who fought in the American Civil War. Their leader was William Quantrill and they included Jesse James and his brother Frank. Early in the war Missouri and Kansas were nominally under Union government control and became subject to widespread violence as groups of Confederate bushwhackers and anti-slavery Jayhawkers competed for control. The town of Lawrence, Kansas, a center of anti-slavery sentiment, had outlawed Quantrill's men and jailed some of their young women. In August 1863 Quantrill led an attack on the town, killing more", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666542", "score": "1.830467", "text": "William Quantrill William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside apprehending escaped slaves. Later on this group became Confederate soldiers, who were referred to as \"Quantrill's Raiders\". This group was a pro-Confederate partisan ranger outfit best known for their often brutal guerrilla tactics, which made use of effective Native American field skills. Also notable, William's group included the infamous young Jesse James and his older", "title": "William Quantrill" }, { "id": "2666477", "score": "1.8119483", "text": "than 180 civilians, supposedly in retaliation for the casualties caused when the women's jail had collapsed. The Confederate government, which had granted Quantrill a field commission under the Partisan Ranger Act, was outraged and withdrew support for such irregular forces. By 1864 Quantrill had lost control of the group, which split up into small bands. Some, including Quantrill, were killed in various engagements. Others lived on to hold reunions many years later, when the name Quantrill's Raiders began to be used. The James brothers formed their own gang and conducted robberies for years as a continuing insurgency in the region.", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666487", "score": "1.8094435", "text": "the character of Daniel Holt was representative of John Noland. During late winter 1863, Quantrill lost his hold over his men. In early 1864 the guerrillas returned from Texas to Missouri in separate bands, none led by Quantrill. Quantrill's guerrillas, as a group, did not maintain operations in winters along the border. Quantrill took his men to Cedar Mills, Texas, over winter and offered his services to the Confederacy. Their assignments included attacking teamsters who supplied the Union, repelling Union and Jayhawker raids into northern Texas, warding off Indian attacks, and policing and rounding-up deserters roaming in Texas and Oklahoma.", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "William T. Anderson\n\nWilliam T. Anderson (c. 1840October 26, 1864), known by the nickname \"Bloody Bill\" Anderson, was a soldier who was one of the deadliest and most notorious Confederate guerrilla leaders in the American Civil War. Anderson led a band of volunteer partisan raiders who targeted Union loyalists and federal soldiers in the states of Missouri and Kansas. \n\nRaised by a family of Southerners in Kansas, Anderson began to support himself by stealing and selling horses in 1862. After a former friend and secessionist turned Union loyalist judge killed his father, Anderson killed the judge and fled to Missouri. There he robbed travelers and killed several Union soldiers. In early 1863 he joined Quantrill's Raiders, a group of Confederate guerrillas which operated along the Kansas–Missouri border. He became a skilled bushwhacker, earning the trust of the group's leaders, William Quantrill and George M. Todd. Anderson's bushwhacking marked him as a dangerous man and eventually led the Union to imprison his sisters. After a building collapse in the makeshift jail in Kansas City, Missouri, left one of them dead in custody and the other permanently maimed, Anderson devoted himself to revenge. He took a leading role in the Lawrence Massacre and later took part in the Battle of Baxter Springs, both in 1863.\n\nIn late 1863, while Quantrill's Raiders spent the winter in Sherman, Texas, animosity developed between Anderson and Quantrill. Anderson, perhaps falsely, implicated Quantrill in a murder, leading to the latter's arrest by Confederate authorities. Anderson subsequently returned to Missouri as the leader of his own group of raiders and became the most feared guerrilla in the state, robbing and killing a large number of Union soldiers and civilian sympathizers. Although Union supporters viewed him as incorrigibly evil, Confederate supporters in Missouri saw his actions as justifiable. In September 1864, Anderson led a raid on the town of Centralia, Missouri. Unexpectedly, his men were able to capture a passenger train, the first time Confederate guerrillas had done so. In what became known as the Centralia Massacre, Anderson's bushwhackers killed 24 unarmed Union soldiers on the train and set an ambush later that day which killed over a hundred Union militiamen. Anderson himself was killed a month later in battle. Historians have made disparate appraisals of Anderson; some see him as a sadistic, psychopathic killer, while others put his actions into the perspective of the general desperation and lawlessness of the time and the brutalization effect of war.", "title": "William T. Anderson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War\n\nGuerrilla warfare during the American Civil War (1861–1865) was a form of warfare characterized by ambushes, surprise raids, and irregular styles of combat. Waged by both sides of the conflict, it gathered in intensity as the war dragged on and had a profound impact on the outcome of the Civil War.", "title": "Guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War" }, { "id": "2666481", "score": "1.7688816", "text": "and their improved accuracy over the .44-cal. On 15 August 1862 Quantrill was granted a field commission as a captain in the Confederate army under the Confederate Partisan Ranger Act. Other officers were elected by the men. Quantrill often referred to himself as a colonel. Despite the legal responsibility assumed by the Confederate government, Quantrill often acted on his own with little concern for his government's policy or orders. His most notable operation was the Lawrence Massacre, a revenge raid on Lawrence, Kansas, in August 1863. Lawrence had historically been the base of operations for abolitionist and jayhawker organizations. Pro-slavery", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666490", "score": "1.7672617", "text": "functioned as a cavalry scout. Todd died after being shot out of his saddle by a Union sniper, north of Independence, Missouri, a day before the Battle of Westport. Some of the guerrillas continued under the leadership of Archie Clement. He kept a group together after the war and harassed the state government of Missouri during the tumultuous year of 1866. In December 1866, state militiamen killed Clement in Lexington. Several of his men continued as outlaws, emerging in time as the James-Younger Gang. The last survivor of Quantrill's Raiders died in 1940. Though historically inaccurate, Warner Brothers made a", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666486", "score": "1.7632792", "text": "in a gunfight with a Texas Posse. In revenge, his Raiders lynched a Collin County, Texas, Magistrate, a Sheriff, and a third man in Tyler, Texas. Among Quantrill's men was a freedman named John Noland. One of Quantrill's scouts, he was reputed to be his best one. Noland helped to scout Lawrence before the 1863 raid. He joined Quantrill's raiders because of the abuse his family suffered at the hands of Kansas jayhawkers. Post-war pictures show him sitting with comrades at reunions of the Raiders. In the 1999 movie \"Ride with the Devil\", depicting a group of fictionalized Missouri bushwhackers,", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666491", "score": "1.7596955", "text": "B-Western titled \"Quantrill's Raiders (film)\" (1958), starring Steve Cochran as a fictionalized hero and with Leo Gordon as the title character. Quantrill's Raiders Quantrill's Raiders were the best-known of the pro-Confederate partisan guerrillas (also known as \"bushwhackers\") who fought in the American Civil War. Their leader was William Quantrill and they included Jesse James and his brother Frank. Early in the war Missouri and Kansas were nominally under Union government control and became subject to widespread violence as groups of Confederate bushwhackers and anti-slavery Jayhawkers competed for control. The town of Lawrence, Kansas, a center of anti-slavery sentiment, had outlawed", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666488", "score": "1.7524332", "text": "The guerrillas were rowdy, undisciplined, and dangerous. Quantrill lost his control of the men in the winter of 1863-64. The men split into bands and were commanded by lieutenants, \"Bloody\" Bill Anderson and George Todd. These guerrillas returned to Missouri in early 1864, while Quantrill took several of his loyal troops east towards Kentucky. In Kentucky, pro-Union soldiers and hired killers tracked Quantrill and his men. They were cornered in a barn, where a shootout resulted in Quantrill being injured in the spine, unable to move. He was arrested, but reportedly died a week later from his wounds. William Anderson's", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666553", "score": "1.7093215", "text": "General Sterling Price and fought at the Battle of Wilson's Creek and Lexington in August and September 1861. Quantrill deserted General Price's army and went to Blue Springs, Missouri to form his own \"Army\" of loyal men who had great belief in him and the Confederate cause; they came to be known as \"Quantrill's Raiders\". By Christmas of 1861, he had ten men who would follow him full-time into his pro-Confederate guerrilla organization. These men were: William Haller, George Todd, Joseph Gilcrist, Perry Hoy, John Little, James Little, Joseph Baughan, William H. Gregg, James A. Hendricks, and John W. Koger.", "title": "William Quantrill" }, { "id": "4018134", "score": "1.6863619", "text": "in 1863. In late 1863, while Quantrill's Raiders spent the winter in Texas, animosity developed between Anderson and Quantrill. Anderson, perhaps falsely, implicated Quantrill in a murder, leading to the latter's arrest by Confederate authorities. Anderson subsequently returned to Missouri as the leader of his own group of raiders and became the most feared guerrilla in the state, killing and robbing dozens of Union soldiers and civilian sympathizers. Although Union supporters viewed him as incorrigibly evil, Confederate supporters in Missouri saw his actions as justified, possibly owing to their mistreatment by Union forces. In September 1864, Anderson led a raid", "title": "William T. Anderson" }, { "id": "2666485", "score": "1.6827996", "text": "to Texas, where they wintered in 1863-64. Along the way, they attacked Fort Baxter and massacred more than 100 Union troops near Baxter Springs, Kansas. In Texas they continued to embarrass the Confederate command by their often lawless actions. Some Confederate officers appreciated the effectiveness of these irregulars against Union forces, which rarely gained the upper hand over them, especially Quantrill. Among these was Gen. Joseph O. Shelby. He rode south into Mexico with his troops rather than surrender at the end of the war. His command was remembered as \"The Undefeated\". In 1864 two of Quantrill's Raiders were killed", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666480", "score": "1.6817348", "text": "convoys, seized the mail, and occasionally struck towns on either side of the Kansas-Missouri border. Reflecting the internecine nature of the guerrilla conflict in Missouri, Quantrill directed much of his effort against pro-Union civilians, attempting to drive them from the territory where he operated. Quantrill's guerrillas attacked Jayhawkers, Union militia, and U.S. forces, relying primarily on ambush and raids. Under his direction Confederate guerrillas perfected military tactics such as disguises, coordinated and synchronized attacks, planned dispersal after an attack using pre-planned routes and relays of horses; and technical methods, including the use of multiple .36-cal. Colt revolvers for increased firepower", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666489", "score": "1.6813915", "text": "splinter group of guerrillas was assigned to duty in 1864 north of the Missouri River, during the Gen. Sterling Price raid. He was to disrupt Union operations north of the Missouri River, and draw Union troops toward his cavalry command. Anderson was reportedly shot dead north of Orrick. His body was dragged through the streets of Richmond, Missouri. His grave marker is located in the old Mormon Pioneer cemetery, in the extreme southwest corner, behind some pine trees and near the road. George Todd's splinter group was attached to Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's raid south of the Missouri River. He", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "8873743", "score": "1.6669567", "text": "Burbridge, military governor of Kentucky, substantial embarrassment. Combined with the fact that Clarke's gang (referred to by the \"Journal\" as \"Mundy's Gang\") had joined with William Quantrill's Raiders, Clarke was seen as a dangerous enemy of the Union. On the night of February 2, 1865, this joint force of Quantrill and Clarke rode into Lair Station, Kentucky and burned the railroad depot and freight cars. A week later on February 8, 1865, the guerrillas killed three soldiers, took four more prisoner and destroyed the remnants of a wagon train. On March 12, 1865, 50 Union soldiers from the 30th Wisconsin", "title": "Marcellus Jerome Clarke" }, { "id": "2666484", "score": "1.6514983", "text": "bands of partisans rode across 50 miles of open prairie to rendezvous on Mount Oread in the early morning hours before the raid. Quantrill's men burned a quarter of the town's buildings and killed at least 150 men and boys. One of the main targets of the raid, abolitionist U.S. Sen. Jim Lane, escaped by fleeing into corn fields. The Lawrence raid was the most deadly and infamous operation of Missouri's Confederate guerrillas. The Confederate leadership was appalled by the raid and withdrew even tacit support from the \"bushwhackers\". Following the raid, Quantrill led his men behind Confederate lines down", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "2666483", "score": "1.6437418", "text": "Quantrill's guerrillas and particularly the aid provided by Confederate sympathizers in Western Missouri. Authorities began imprisoning the female family members of the known guerrillas, with the intent of banishing them. These females, some teenagers, were jailed in Kansas City, Missouri, in the house of artist George Caleb Bingham on Grand Street. The adjoining structure had been altered and Bingham had added an extra story to his house. The structure collapsed, maiming and killing several women. The deaths of the women outraged the pro-southern guerrillas. Calling for revenge, Quantrill organized a unified partisan raid on Lawrence. Coordinating across vast distances, small", "title": "Quantrill's Raiders" }, { "id": "14870897", "score": "1.6291802", "text": "Captain Ingram's Partisan Rangers Captain Ingram's Partisan Rangers was the name given by the \"Sacramento Union\" to a band of about fifty Confederate Bushwackers organized from local Copperheads and members of the Knights of the Golden Circle in 1864 by Rufus Henry Ingram in Santa Clara County, California. They committed the Bullion Bend Robbery and planned other raids before being broken up by the Union authorities. Newspapers of the time reported that Ingram had been a member of Quantrill's guerrilla band, but modern research has failed to confirm that. He came to California via Mexico with the intent of forming", "title": "Captain Ingram's Partisan Rangers" }, { "id": "2666562", "score": "1.6231415", "text": "cavalry troop that dealt with Quantrill's raiders during the Civil War, had met Quantrill at Quatsino Sound, on northern Vancouver Island while investigating timber rights in the area. Duffy claimed to recognize the man, living under the name of John Sharp, as Quantrill. Duffy said that Sharp admitted he was Quantrill and discussed in detail raids in Kansas and elsewhere. Sharp claimed that he had survived the ambush in Kentucky, though receiving a bayonet and bullet wound, making his way to South America where he lived some years in Chile. He returned to the U.S., working as a cattleman in", "title": "William Quantrill" } ]