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What is the cause of Mood abnormalities related to major depressive disorder? | Mood abnormalities related to major depressive disorder (MDD) seem to result from disturbances in pathways connecting the fronto-limbic and subcortical, both regions known to be involved in the processing of emotional information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured neural responses to viewing images of sad, angry and neutral faces in 21 patients with MDD and 15 healthy controls. When shown pictures of sad faces, patients with MDD relative controls showed decreased activations bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial OFC, caudate, and hippocampus. We also found significant group differences under the angry face condition, bilaterally, in the inferior OFC and medial OFC areas. Our findings indicate that decreased activations in the fronto-limbic and subcortical regions in response to affectively negative stimuli may be associated with pathophysiology of MDD. |
What type of NSCLC has failed on standard treatments? | 3. Patients with histologically or cytologically proven primary NSCLC with adenocarcinoma or mixed cell type with adenocarcinoma, who have failed on standard treatments. |
What was the purpose of the present study? | The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Eylea in submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative AMD. |
What is the influence of cervical spine position on the three anterior endoscopic approaches to the crani | The influence of cervical spine position on the three anterior endoscopic approaches to the craniovertebral junction: an imaging study. |
What is the name of the nitric oxide in nucleus tractus solit | Independent modification of baroreceptor and exercise pressor reflex function by nitric oxide in nucleus tractus solitarius. |
What is the risk of worsening/emergent side effects? | While the question has not been asked vis-à-vis clozapine, there have been several studies examining gradual vs. immediate antipsychotic discontinuation in switching antipsychotics. Immediate antipsychotic discontinuation is associated with the following risks: (1) withdrawal/discontinuation symptoms or rebound syndromes related to cholinergic, histaminergic, and serotonergic activity; (2) supersensitivity syndromes (e.g., withdrawal dyskinesia, supersensitivity psychosis); and (3) exacerbation/re-emergence of symptoms secondary to diminished response with newly introduced antipsychotic. On the other hand, gradual antipsychotic discontinuation is associated with the risk of worsening/emergent side effects. This said, all of the studies, including one meta-analysis, report no differences in efficacy and safety between immediate and gradual discontinuation strategies in antipsychotic switching. However, it should be also noted that all of the studies were conducted under an open-label design or a single-blind design. |
What was the most frequently expressed on CD4+ clones from BALF? | We have prepared T-cell clones from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from four healthy, nonsmoking persons and from four patients with allergic asthma. T cells were cloned by direct limiting dilution and with the use of a fluorescent activated cell sorter with an automated cell deposition unit. T-cell clones from the blood (PB) were prepared as well. The cloning efficiencies of T cells from BALF ranged from 3 to 40% and were lower than those obtained from PB T cells (18 to 72%). The cloning conditions generated CD4+ as well as CD8+ clones. The very late antigen-4, VLA-4, was more frequently expressed on CD4+ T-cell clones from BALF than from the blood (P < 0.05). CD8+ clones from BALF were more frequently VLA-1+ than those from blood (P < < 0.01). Mitogen- and monoclonal antibody-driven proliferation of CD4+ clones showed that BALF clones were well responsive to proliferation stimuli similar to those from the blood. Analysis of interleukin-4 production by 10 BALF and 10 PB clones showed large variations between individual CD4+ clones (BALF: range, < 100 to 700 pg/ml; PB: range, < 100 to 1,100 pg/ml), indicating the generation of different types of clones, which was also clear from analysis of interferon-gamma production. The analysis of properties of BALF T-cell clones and their regulation will improve insight into immunologic reactions in the lungs. |
- Subjects of either sex or sex? | - Subjects of either sex |
What is the name of the network that utilises healthcare? | 'If you feel that nobody wants you you'll withdraw into your own': Gypsies/Travellers, networks and healthcare utilisation. |
What is the current infection or disease that may prevent the patient from assessing asthma? | - The patient has a current infection or disease that may preclude assessment of asthma. |
What is the name of the person who did not sign informed consent for collecting and storage of biological | - Failure to sign informed consent for collection and storage of biological samples. |
What is the rare form of cutaneous mastocytosis? | Mast cells have been linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are essential to the pathogenesis of RA-like disease in a mouse model. We describe a 34-year-old woman who developed Sjogren's syndrome concurrently with telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP), a rare form of cutaneous mastocytosis. The patient had sicca symptoms with an abnormal minor salivary gland biopsy and decreased salivary flow, peripheral neuropathy, an 80 pound weight loss, and a macular erythematous rash that exhibited superficial perivascular mast cell infiltrates on biopsy of lesional skin. This case further underscores the link between mast cells and the development of autoimmunity. |
What is the diagnostic usefulness of adult coeliac disease? | Measurements of serum IgA and IgG activities to dietary antigens. A prospective study of the diagnostic usefulness in adult coeliac disease. |
What was the first veterinary report of the use of magnetic resonance imaging? | CASE DESCRIPTION: An 18-month-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of left thoracic limb lameness. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A firm mass was palpable in the left scapular region. On the basis of clinical signs; results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, and cytologic evaluations; and findings on magnetic resonance imaging, an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the scapula was strongly suspected. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Considering the large size of the mass and the poor prognosis for return to function of the left thoracic limb, amputation was elected. Histologic evaluation ruled out a malignant process and was diagnostic for ABC originating from the left scapula. The patient recovered well and was ambulatory the day after surgery. Three years after surgery, the cat was healthy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The combination of radiography, regional ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging enabled lesion structure and cavity content evaluation. However, final diagnosis was confirmed by histologic evaluation. To our knowledge, this is the first veterinary report of the use of magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization and diagnosis of an ABC. |
What is the blood of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected goats | T-lymphocyte populations in the blood of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected goats. |
Between 18 and 65 years | - Between 18 and 65 years |
What is nitrogen oxide administered by the plastic surgeon for the repair of facial lacerations in children | Nitrous oxide administered by the plastic surgeon for repair of facial lacerations in children in the emergency room. |
What is the name of the paper that discussed ethical assessment and moral concerns associated with organ replacement and | This paper discussed issues of ethical assessment and moral concern associated with organ replacement and physical enhancement: research, allocation, organ donation, artificial organs, xenografts, biomaterials, and neuromaterials. While emphasizing the medical and moral benefits over associated risks, it calls for a better integration of moral assessment into technology assessment and for the establishment of a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary International Ethics Committee for Organ Replacement Therapy. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What is the patella tendon located in? | The patella tendon is located in the knee, and is attached to the leg bone and the patella bone (knee cap). The quadriceps muscle (an important tight muscle) attaches to the patella bone and allows for extension and flexion of the leg. Rupture of the patella tendon occurs mainly in people under the age of 40 years old with an active lifestyle. Normally, surgical repair is needed to fix this injury. The widely accepted surgery for this injury consists in drilling 2 holes in the patella bone that are used to anchor the patella tendon in place. This surgery has some complications such as re-rupture of the tendon, breakage of the bone, etc. Some investigators have tried different techniques to avoid these complications with variable results. We want to use 2 anchors in the bone to avoid making holes in the patella bone, decreasing complications and surgical time, and hopefully, allowing for a better surgical repair. We will have 2 arms. One group will have the standard of care technique and the second group will have the anchors technique. We will follow up with our patients after the surgery to record their progress, and complications, if any. We will also have a standardized physical therapy program for consistency and to avoid any problems. |
What is the maximum limit of normal value? | 6. No obvious abnormal heart, liver and kidney function (namely basic normal ecg; kidney function: Cr <=2.0 x ULN (Upper limit of normal value ); liver function: Alt/aspartate aminotransferase acuities <=2.5 x ULN, BIL<= 2.0 x ULN) , no large wounds that haven't healed on the body; |
What was the study conducted in 705 patients with anaemic anaemic? | This study was conducted in 705 anaemic patients with |
What is the main cause of malignancy other than lymphoma? | - Concurrent, active malignancy other than lymphoma or CLL |
What is the atelectasis of Subject? | - Subject has significant segmental atelectasis, lobar consolidation, significant or unstable pulmonary infiltrate, or pneumothorax, confirmed on X-ray. |
What is the bone marrow that is isolated? | Isolated juvenile xanthogranuloma in the bone marrow: report of a case and review of the literature. |
What is the name of the region on the posterosuperior surface of the temporal | Asymmetry of the planum temporale, a region on the posterosuperior surface of the temporal lobe involved in the production and comprehension of language, is a notable feature of the normal human brain. Several attempts have been made to measure it using both post-mortem and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, but previous approaches made inadequate allowance for the convoluted nature of the structure. The current study used rigorous criteria to define the planum and examined three separate approaches for its measurement on MRI scans. A method involving triangulation of the surface consistently gave larger values for the surface area of the planum, suggesting that this method takes account of the convoluted nature of the structure. |
What is the estimated creatinine clearance? | 5. estimated creatinine clearance 30-80 mL/min. |
What was the result of the study of 77 patients who had lengthening done by one | A system for subjective and objective clinical analysis of the lower third of the nose before and after lengthening the columella was devised, and used the study of photographs of 77 patients who had had lengthening done by one of 4 approaches. It was found that each method was equally effective in lengthening the columella and in restoring a normal relationship between the structures in the tip of triangle (the basal view of the nose). However, there were certain peculiar advantages and disadvantages of each surgical technique, and these are discussed. |
What is the name of the bla(CTX-M-25) gene? | CTX-M-25 is a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from a single Canadian Escherichia coli isolate. Susceptibility testing demonstrated that this enzyme confers resistance to both cefotaxime and ceftazidime, but the level of resistance was reduced with the addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors. The bla(CTX-M-25) gene was detected on a 111-kb plasmid. It is a member of the CTX-M-8 group and has the closest amino acid identity (99%; three amino acid substitutions) with CTX-M-26. The bla(CTX-M-26) gene was detected on a 100-kb plasmid isolated from a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from the United Kingdom, and plasmid profiling revealed that it showed some homology to the bla(CTX-M-25)-harboring plasmid. Both CTX-M genes were located downstream of ISEcp1, although the copy upstream of bla(CTX-M-25) was disrupted by IS50-A. Comparative kinetic studies of recombinant CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26 enzymes showed that CTX-M-25 has a higher level of ceftazidime hydrolysis (kcat values, 33 and 0.005 s(-1) for CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26, respectively). |
What is the name of the cancer patient? | Opioid use amongst cancer patients at the end of life. |
What is a rare disease that can be fatal? | Serious immune based adverse reactions that are associated with medicinal products containing a sulphonamide group include rash, allergic reaction and major haematological disturbances including aplastic anaemia, which very rarely can be fatal. |
Pregnancy, breast-feeding, and breastfeeding? | 6. Pregnancy, breast-feeding |
What is the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis? | Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis and catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of l-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS). Eukaryotic SPTs comprise tightly membrane-associated heterodimers belonging to the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent alpha-oxamine synthase family. Sphingomonas paucimobilis, a sphingolipid-containing bacterium, contains an abundant water-soluble homodimeric SPT of the same family (H. Ikushiro et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276:18249-18256, 2001). This enzyme is suitable for the detailed mechanistic studies of SPT, although single crystals appropriate for high-resolution crystallography have not yet been obtained. We have now isolated three novel SPT genes from Sphingobacterium multivorum, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, and Bdellovibrio stolpii, respectively. Each gene product exhibits an approximately 30% sequence identity to both eukaryotic subunits, and the putative catalytic amino acid residues are conserved. All bacterial SPTs were successfully overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified as water-soluble active homodimers. The spectroscopic properties of the purified SPTs are characteristic of PLP-dependent enzymes. The KDS formation by the bacterial SPTs was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The Sphingobacterium SPTs obeyed normal steady-state ordered Bi-Bi kinetics, while the Bdellovibrio SPT underwent a remarkable substrate inhibition at palmitoyl CoA concentrations higher than 100 microM, as does the eukaryotic enzyme. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that unlike the cytosolic Sphingomonas SPT, S. multivorum and Bdellovibrio SPTs were bound to the inner membrane of cells as peripheral membrane proteins, indicating that these enzymes can be a prokaryotic model mimicking the membrane-associated eukaryotic SPT. |
What is the expression and antigenicity identification of recombinant rat TGF | The expression and antigenicity identification of recombinant rat TGF-beta1 in bacteria. |
What is the name of the device that was searched for? | BACKGROUND: In an effort to enable faster and, at times, more challenging surgeries without compromising patient or physician safety, medical device manufacturers have created myriad solutions to vascular ligation through the development of novel tools. The speed of development, FDA approval, and dissemination of these devices into the hands of surgeons often outpaces the ability of investigators to critically evaluate comparative effectiveness of these devices. DATABASE: The Medline database was searched for energy-based vessel ligation devices. To remove any perception bias against non-Covidien instruments, critical review was applied only to the devices manufactured by our company. CONCLUSIONS: We report on the variability present in published results and offer vital metrics for future studies. Standardized testing and reporting for measures of safety and efficacy of these surgical instruments awaits definition from a consensus group. |
What was the name of the occupational therapy clinic? | the patients were referred to our occupational therapy clinic for cognitive group therapy. |
What type of depression is there? | - if you have had serious nervous or mental problems, such as s evere depression or thoughts of suicide. |
What was the cause of death among drug addicts? | Cases of fatal poisoning among drug addicts (n = 246) and abusers of medical drugs (n = 138) are discussed on the basis of the availability of illicit and medical drugs during the eighties. Propoxyphene was frequently the cause of death among both drug addicts and abusers of medical drugs. Deaths caused by analgesics and psychoactive drugs, mainly barbiturates and antidepressants, predominated among abusers of medical drugs. During the late eighties the number of deaths caused by barbiturates and propoxyphene declined as a result of changes in the distribution regulations for both drugs. Heroin/morphine accounted for only one-third of the poisonings in drug addicts. No trends concerning the prevalence of deaths caused by these drugs were observed throughout the decade. The number of deaths caused by the synthetic opiates methadone and ketobemidone, however, increased during the late eighties, probably due to an increased availability of these drugs in the illicit drug market. Alcohol was detected in half of all the poisoning cases and benzodiazepines in one-third. |
What is the effect of a prospective randomized controlled study? | A prospective randomized controlled study comparing two doses of gestodene in cyclic combined HRT preparations on endometrial physiology. |
How many patients were reported to have pleural effusion? | Severe pleural and pericardial effusion were reported in 6% and 1% of patients, respectively. |
What is the cause of a reduction in cortical blood flow and metabolism? | The appropriate management of silent stroke requires better understanding of the haemodynamic status in the brain. However, only a few studies have examined cerebral blood flow and metabolism in subjects with silent stroke. Positron emission tomography demonstrated a slight decrease in cortical blood flow with an increase in oxygen extraction fraction (ie misery perfusion) in subjects with silent brain infarction, whereas both cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism decreased in patients with symptomatic brain infarction (matched hypoperfusion). These findings confirm that brain circulation is haemodynamically compromised in subjects with silent stroke. Another important point is that subcortical silent stroke may induce a reduction in cortical blood flow and metabolism by a disconnection mechanism (ie diaschisis) between the cortex and the subcortical structures. Silent infarction is not innocuous in terms of compromised cerebral circulation, which may lead to cognitive decline or subsequent clinical stroke. In the future, further developments in functional imaging will permit a more sophisticated analysis of brain circulation and metabolism in silent stroke. |
What is the NUMBER(S) of MARKETING AUTHORISATION | MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S) |
What is the most common primary cause of solitary pancreatic metastasis? | Two percent of all malignant pancreatic tumors are metastases from other primaries, with small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and hematological neoplasms being the commonest. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasizing to the pancreas is rare and occurs in 2.8% of patients with metastatic RCC. However, RCC is the most common primary leading to solitary pancreatic metastasis. Metastases often present many years after nephrectomy for primary RCC (median time of 8 years) and should therefore be looked for on surveillance or when patients present with upper abdominal symptoms. Complete surgical resection when possible offers the best chance for cure. |
What was the goal of the Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental | Extramural clinical rotations are implemented by dental schools for a combination of clinical and didactic or behavioral goals. In the United States, the Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental Education program was launched to increase the number of underrepresented minority students who are recruited and retained in dental education, to expand the dental curriculum in cultural competence, and to incorporate community-based extramural rotations into the dental schools' clinical curriculum. The objective of this study was to conduct an impact analysis regarding the change in number of extramural clinical rotation weeks for Pipeline and non-Pipeline program students over the time period of 2003 to 2007. National data from the American Dental Education Association's senior survey and other secondary sources were used to determine what student, school, and community characteristics are associated with a difference in the student report of the number of required weeks they expect to spend during their last year in dental school providing care at extramural clinic settings. Students reported a mean of 7.2 weeks for Pipeline students and 6.4 weeks for non-Pipeline students in 2003, increasing to 8.2 weeks for Pipeline students and 6.6 weeks for non-Pipeline students (p<0.05) in 2007. The multivariable model showed the Pipeline program increased significantly the number of rotational weeks reported by students. Three other variables significantly increased rotation weeks: 1) a lower baseline number of reported weeks in community rotations; 2) a lower level of debt student reported upon graduation; and 3) student reports of a higher orientation toward service to others as a reason to enter dentistry. |
What is the primary therapy that is used to treat a patient? | --Prior/Concurrent Therapy-- |
What is the ApoB/A-I ratio? | The ApoB/A-I ratio and metabolic syndrome in prepubertal children. |
- Regular use of SSRIs. | - Regular use of SSRIs. |
18 and over? | - 18 and over |
What is the most cited articles in anesthesia? | BACKGROUND: Articles cited counts are catalogued and help identify landmark papers. This study provides a citation classics of anesthesiology literature using the framework of subspecialties to provide a review of well-developed areas of research in anesthesiology. METHODS: A comprehensive list of the most-cited articles in anesthesia was compiled using a bibliometric database and general search terms such as "anesthesia" as well as subspecialty-specific search terms. Queries were reviewed for relevance to anesthesiology practice, categorized by subspecialty, and ranked according to their citation counts. RESULTS: The database resulted in 2519 articles published between 1945 and 2008. The specialty areas most represented were chronic pain medicine (11%), pharmacology (9%), and pain sciences (9%). CONCLUSIONS: This citations classic allows for advances in anesthesiology and its subspecialties to be highlighted as well to provide useful manuscripts to guide patient care, direct future research, and serve as sources for future academic pursuit. |
What is the name of the mentorship in HIV/AIDS care? | Coming full circle: mentorship in HIV/AIDS care. |
What is the test of Liver function? | - Liver function tests above the normal range |
What is the most popular drink commonly consumed by Kashmiri people? | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent cancer in Jammu and Kashmir region of India and has multi-factorial etiology involving dietary habits, genetic factors, and gene environmental interactions. Inactivation of the p16 gene expression by aberrant promoter methylation plays an important role in the progression of esophageal carcinoma. In the present investigation, we have studied the role of p16 promoter methylation in 69 histopathologically confirmed ESCC tissues and compared it with corresponding normal adjacent tissues for DNA methylation in the CpG island in the p16 promoter region by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and p16 protein expression by immunoblotting. The results showed loss of p16 expression in 67% (46/69) of tumor tissues compared to only 3% in control tissues (2/69). Promoter methylation was observed in 52% (36/69) of tumor tissues and it gradually increased with the increasing severity of histological grades of the cancer (P = 0.0001). Loss of p16 expression with promoter methylation was observed in 26 of 36 cases (72%). Analysis of patients dietary habits revealed a strong association between promoter methylation and high consumption of hot salted tea (P < 0.05) which is a most favourite drink commonly consumed by Kashmiri people. |
What is the cytotic fibrosis confirmed by? | 1. Cystic fibrosis confirmed by sweat testing or genetic analysis |
What is HELOW? | Meta-analysis aims to synthesize results from different studies. Although, in a meta-analysis the presence of large between-study heterogeneity is routinely evaluated, in some instances is also important to probe whether there is extreme between-study homogeneity (i.e. extreme low between-study heterogeneity). HELOW (HEterogeneity LOW) is a program for testing extreme homogeneity in a meta-analysis of risk ratios when binary outcome and Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects summary risk ratio estimate are employed. The significance of extreme homogeneity is assessed using a Monte Carlo test. Extreme homogeneity may yield insights for the statistical and clinical interpretation of the data. |
What is the development of depressive symptoms in elderly? | The development of depressive symptoms in elderly following onset of severe physical illness. |
What type of dementia is the Alzheimer type? | Complement C4 phenotypes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What are infants with serious diseases? | - Infants with serious diseases, such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, liver, kidney and hematopoietic system diseases and internal secretion diseases, and those with mental disorder (CCDC recommendations); |
What is the history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months | - History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to Day 1 |
What is the gastric function in experimental malnutrition? | Impaired gastric function in experimental malnutrition. |
- refusal to sign informed consent? | - refusal to sign informed consent |
What was the goal of the study? | Several studies have shown that anxiety disorders are associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between anxiety disorders and atherosclerosis has been studied to a lesser extent. The goal of this study was to examine whether high and stable trait anxiety was associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. The study group consisted of 726 subjects (297 men and 429 women), aged 59 to 71 years, recruited from the electoral rolls of the city of Nantes. The subjects had no history of coronary artery disease at baseline evaluation and or at the 2-year follow-up. Two follow-up examinations were conducted 2 and 4 years after the baseline evaluation. Trait anxiety was evaluated by means of the French translation of the Spielberger Inventory (a 20-item trait inventory, form X-2). The "sustained anxiety" group consisted of men and women with the highest Spielberger Inventory scores at baseline and at the 2-year follow-up examination. Each ultrasound examination included measurement of intima-media thickness and the sites of plaque in the extracranial carotid arteries. Men with sustained anxiety showed a higher 4-year increase of common carotid intima-media thickness than did men without sustained anxiety (adjusted means 0.08 versus 0.04 mm, respectively; P=0.05) and a higher risk of 4-year plaque occurrence (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 8.5). Among women, sustained anxiety was associated with a higher 4-year increase of common carotid intima-media thickness (0.07 versus 0.04 for women with versus women without sustained anxiety, respectively; P=0.07). These results suggest that chronically high levels of anxiety may contribute to accelerating the evolution of carotid atherosclerosis. |
What was excluded from the BMI? | - Patients with a BMI > 40 or that had previous abdominal surgeries involving the umbilicus were excluded. |
What is the view of the prefectural health administration on otorhinolary | [Prefectural health administration's view on otorhinolaryngological care in medical rural areas]. |
What age is 21-59? | - 21-59 years of age, |
What is the first example of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-Or? | First example of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-Or and confirmation of the molecular basis of Or. |
What is the diagnostic of severe sepsis? | - Diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock within 12 hours of admission in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU). |
What is the prevalence of clinically significant red cell alloantibodies higher in patients with | It has been generally accepted that the prevalence of clinically significant red cell alloantibodies is higher in patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) than in other patients. In the present study, immunohematologic testing was performed in 328 polytransfusion patients with internal diseases. The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., without and with clinical signs of warm AIHA. Identification of red cell antibodies was performed in nonadsorbed sera of all patients, and in autoadsorbed and auto- and alloabsorbed sera of patients with warm AIHA. In the AIHA group, antibodies indicating red cell specificity were detected in 38.5% and 24.3% of patients in nonadsorbed and autoadsorbed sera, respectively. Clinically significant red cell alloantibodies were demonstrated in 10.3% nonadsorbed sera of patients free from signs of warm AIHA and in 10.4% auto- and alloadsorbed sera of patients with signs of warm AIHA. Study results showed the prevalence of clinically significant red cell alloantibodies in patients with signs of warm AIHA depend on the method of identification used rather than on the enhanced immune response induced by the autoimmune process. |
What is the missense mutation in the rhodopsin gene? | The missense mutation Lys-296-->Glu (K296E) in the rhodopsin gene produces an opsin with no chromophore binding site and therefore is not activated by light. Nevertheless, the mutant opsin constitutively activates transducin in vitro and causes photoreceptor degeneration in vivo, possibly by continuously activating the phototransduction cascade, analogous to constant exposure to environmental light. We studied the K296E mutation in eight lines of transgenic mice. Each line developed photoreceptor degeneration with the rate of degeneration increasing monotonically as the ratio of mutant:wild-type opsin mRNA increased. At no time in the course of degeneration was there endogenous light adaptation in the retina as measured by the electroretinogram. The mutant opsin was found to be invariably phosphorylated and stably bound to arrestin. Light-independent activation of transducin was demonstrated only after the removal of arrestin and dephosphorylation of K296E opsin. Thus, K296E opsin in vivo does not activate the phototransduction cascade because it is shut off by photoreceptor inactivation mechanisms. Our data show that the K296E mutation does not cause photoreceptor degeneration by continuous activation of phototransduction. |
What is the name of the family acquired eosinophilia? | It has been observed, at the turn of the century, that members of some families showed a peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. Despite all possible investigations at that time, it was not possible to link it up with a known and well established disease. It was named "family acquired eosinophilia" by Di Guglielmo. nowadays, it has been established that some congenital defects such as the Omenn syndrome and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are associated with hypereosinophilia. Eosinophilia is well known as a sign of allergy, but contaminations with helminths are an important cause of familial hypereosinophilia. In a case of familial distomatosis by Fasciola hepatica, several members of the same family were infected after eating wild cress. An epidemiological study was carried out on 22 families whose several members in a same family had an hypereosinophilia, a parasitosis was serologically diagnosed using such methods as immunoelectrophoresis, Elisa or Western blot. Among these 22 families, 10 had contracted fascioliasis and 4 who had eaten contaminated horse meat contracted trichinosis. For some other families, eosinophilia was not well documented, it concerned cysticercosis for 3 couples after eating meat of raw pork, one family with intestinal distomatosis to F. buski after consumption of aquatic plants and lastly toxocarosis, zoonosis whose contamination is acquired by geophagy but also by eating raw vegetables (salad), fruit (strawberries) and by drinking contaminated water, affected 5 families. In one family, anisakiasis with hypereosinophilia had been contracted by eating raw fish. In another one, trichostrongyloidiasis was contracted by eating raw vegetables from the family garden. The diagnosis is often oriented, for the members of a same family, who are asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic, by the blood cell count that shows an hypereosinophilia. Furthermore, a collective outbreak of strongyloidiasis epidemic among 115 individuals by oral route is reported, showing that such a way of transmission is possible. |
What is the name of the PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED | SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF APPROPRIATE |
What is the probabilistic reasoning in patients with body dysmorphic disorder? | Probabilistic reasoning in patients with body dysmorphic disorder. |
What is the main focus of education and multidisciplinary management in chronic heart failure? | [Education and multidisciplinary management in chronic heart failure]. |
What is a surgical candidate? | 6. Must be deemed a surgical candidate. |
What is the name of the patient that will be able to maintain a medical record? | Medical record will be developed and maintained for each patient consisting results of extended clinical examination. |
What is the secondary to static line injury in a 22 year old active duty soldier? | Scapula fracture secondary to static line injury in a 22 year-old active duty soldier. |
What is the name of the test women who have had 7 days prior to procedure? | - Women who are known to be pregnant or have had a positive β-HCG test 7 days prior to procedure |
What is the presumed mode of action? | BACKGROUND: Natalizumab, a humanized anti-alpha4 integrin monoclonal antibody, reduces relapses and disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Whereas its presumed mode of action is inhibition of T cell/monocyte entry into the brain, little is known about its specific effect on B cells, which are increasingly recognized to participate in MS pathogenesis. METHODS: We obtained serial blood samples from 17 patients before and during natalizumab therapy for relapsing-remitting MS for up to 16 months, and blood samples from 10 untreated patients with MS and 13 healthy donors. We determined numbers of mature and immature lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD138, and CD10 in 111 samples. We analyzed marker transcripts for immature hematopoietic cells by quantitative PCR for CD34, Vprebeta1 (pre-B lymphocyte gene 1), and DNTT (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase) in 65 samples. RESULTS: Natalizumab therapy increased CD19(+) mature B cells more than other lymphocytes/monocytes in blood (2.8-fold versus 1.3-1.8-fold increase in cells/microL; p < 0.01). Even greater was the increase of immature CD19(+)CD10(+) pre-B cells (7.4-fold; p < 0.01). This pattern remained stable during treatment for up to 16 months. Transcripts of lymphocyte precursors (Vprebeta1 and DNTT) were elevated more than transcripts for CD34. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating B cells and especially pre-B cells are most prominently elevated among the studied immune cell subsets, raising the possibility that the effects and side effects of natalizumab are partly mediated by actions on B cells. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the smallest fraction of the platelet membrane/cytoskeletal sub-proteome | Platelets are essential for maintaining vascular integrity. Given the anucleate nature of platelets, definition of their proteome is essential for understanding platelet pathophysiology. We describe here a detailed MS-based proteomic analysis of the platelet membrane/cytoskeletal sub-proteome from purified, normal, non-activated human platelets. In contrast to previous platelet proteomic purification strategies, the buffy-coat method was utilized in this study to isolate and purify minimally activated platelets, yielding significantly reduced contaminants for leukocytes (0.02 +/- 0.007x10(6) /L) and erythrocytes (0.21 +/- 0.02%). Using a false discovery rate of 1%, 203 proteins were identified and characterized with respect to their subcellular localization, biological function, and cellular processes. Of these, 16 have not been identified in previous human platelet proteome studies. As a first approach towards understanding the dynamic platelet-plasma protein composition nexus, we re-analysed the entire HUPO plasma proteome project dataset (647 plasma proteins identified) and compared these data with our platelet proteome dataset. Co-identified proteins (41) were further analysed with respect to their relative abundances (exponentially modified protein abundance index) and functional enrichment in these two proteomes, as well as their correlation with the platelet transcriptome. Both platelet membrane/cytoskeletal and plasma proteome reference datasets, comprising both processed and unprocessed MS/MS spectra, are publicly accessible (http://www.ludwig.edu.au/archive/). |
What is the name of the cell that registers whether its DNA is intact? | An early attempt to find out if the DNA double helix is actively unwound before being replicated was not conclusive, but it did disclose the existence of a unique moment in the life cycle of Escherichia coli when the cell registers whether or not its DNA is intact. If not, the cell embarks on rapid breakdown of its DNA, like "apoptosis" in eukaryotic cells. |
- Aucune radiothérapie thoracicale préalable n'a été | - No prior thoracic radiotherapy |
What is the nontraditional effective method of treating patients with contusion semiluxation of the lens | The authors report a nontraditional effective method of treating patients with contusion semiluxation of the lens. It consists in fixation of the lens at the expense of formation of posterior synechiae because of an inflammatory process induced by laser exposure of pigmented epithelium of the iris and ciliary body. Complex clinical evaluation of the organ of vision in 132 patients, including the remote period (after 3-10 years), showed good stabilization of visual functions and of the geometrical position of the incompletely dislocated lens after its laser fixation. |
What is the purpose of breathing training? | 1. To develop a breathing training protocol specifically designed to improve HRV and psychosocial functioning for postmenopausal women with depressive symptoms, |
What is the evidence of active malignant disease? | - Evidence of active malignant disease, malignancies within the previous 10 years (except for basal cell carcinoma of the skin that has been excised and cured), or breast cancer diagnosed within the previous 20 years |
What is the purpose of the study? | The Acute Pain Service (APS) at Sunnybrook has been using Gabapentin 200 mg three times a day (TID) resulting in anecdotal benefits in terms of analgesia and opioid sparing effects. Higher doses of Gabapentin were associated with an increased incidence of sedation. The purpose of the study is to investigate if Gabapentin 200 mg given three times a day for 72 hours (9doses) results in a reduction in the total amount of opioid required after radical prostatectomy surgery as compared to placebo, and if analgesia is improved. This study will also examine the possible anxiety sparing effects and any health related quality of life (HRQL) changes, which may be a result of our perioperative use of gabapentin. |
What is the name of the clinical chemistry that is used to describe the clinical chemistry of | Clinical Chemistry: creatinine, BUN, glucose, SGOT/AST, SGPT/ALT, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. |
What is the effect of kang' aibao oral liquid on treating 103 mal | [Clinical study on effect of kang' aibao oral liquid in treating 103 malignant tumor patients]. |
What is the heat shock protein 70 in airway smooth muscle? | Reduced heat shock protein 70 in airway smooth muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
S R. O. | S R. O. |
What is the first time patients have experienced hypoglycaemia? | A few patients who have experienced hypoglycaemic reactions after transfer from animal-source insulin to human insulin have reported that the early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia were less pronounced or different from those experienced with their previous insulin. |
What is the Hepatitis | 11. Hepatitis |
What is the name of the therapeutic approach that is more effective after PCI? | It remains unknown, however, which of these two therapeutic approaches is more effective after PCI. |
What is the tumor that has been in proliferative or plateau phase? | - The tumor which has been in proliferative or plateau phase |
What is trisomy present in most cells from the myocardium and lung? | Cytogenetic studies in a girl with ventricular septal defect and mosaicism for trisomy 21 showed that trisomy was present in most cells from the myocardium and lung but in only a minority from the skin and lymphocytes. These findings emphasize the importance of tissue-specific mosaicism as a cause of certain cardiovascular diseases. |
How to store Synagis 6. | How to store Synagis 6. |
What is the HbA1c level? | - Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7 mM (=1.26g/l) without treatment or Patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) without treatment or Patients treated with any anti diabetic agent whatever the HbA1c level at the day of the study <10% |
What is the main cause of nicotine exposure? | Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells. |
- Active hepatitis - Active hepatitis | - Active hepatitis |
What is the gender disparity in socio-economic risk factors? | This paper applies multilevel logistic regression models to Demographic and Health Survey data collected during 2003-2008 from 20 countries of sub-Saharan Africa to examine the determinants and cross-national variations in the risk of HIV seropositivity in the region. The models include individual-level and contextual region/country-level risk factors. Simultaneous confidence intervals of country-level residuals are used to compare the risk of being HIV seropositive across countries. The study reveals interesting general patterns in the risk of HIV seropositivity in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, the findings highlight the gender disparity in socio-economic risk factors, partly explained by sexual behaviour factors. |