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์ด์ผ€์•„, COP26 ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋™์ฐธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ™ˆํผ๋‹ˆ์‹ฑ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ด์ผ€์•„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” 31์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‹ฌ 12์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜์œ ์—” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ตญ์ดํšŒ(COP26)โ€™์— ๊ณต์‹ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘์— ์•ž์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค. ์ด์ผ€์•„๋Š” โ€˜2030๋…„ ๊ธฐํ›„์•ˆ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ์—…โ€™ ์„ ํฌ ํ›„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐธ๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์ƒ์Šน์„ 1.5โ„ƒ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ผ€์•„๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ COP26์— ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์„ ๋„๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์•ˆ์‹์ฒ˜์ธ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. โ€˜COPโ€™์€ ์œ ์—”์ด 1995๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ตญ์ดํšŒโ€™๋กœ, ์˜ฌํ•ด ์˜๊ตญ ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋Š” 26๋ฒˆ์งธ ํšŒ์˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ผ€์•„๋Š” ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„ ์„ค์น˜ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋ฉฐ 2020๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์šด์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ 132%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 2025๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ด์ผ€์•„ ๋งค์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ 100% ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ 2025๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์†ก ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๋กœ(0)๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ์†ก ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๋„์ž…์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ก ์ƒค๋ฅด๋งˆ COP26 ์˜์žฅ์€ โ€œ์ด๋ฒˆ COP26์— ์ด์ผ€์•„๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์˜๋‹คโ€๋ฉด์„œ โ€œํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€์‘์— ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด COP26์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ผ€์•„ ์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ „๋žต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์žฅ ๋‚ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์„ค ํˆฌ์ž ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 2025๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ์†ก์„ 100% ์ „๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋งค์žฅ ๋‚ด ์ž์›์ˆœํ™˜ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฐฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
2003
โ€œํ—ฌ๋กœํ‚คํ‹ฐ ๋ฃธ ๊นœ์ง ํ• ์ธโ€ ๋กฏ๋ฐํ˜ธํ…” ์ œ์ฃผ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚  ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋กฏ๋ฐํ˜ธํ…” ์ œ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚ ์„ ๋งž์•„ 5์›”5์ผ ํ˜ธํ…”์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํˆฌ์ˆ™๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  12์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚  ๋‹น์ผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜ธํ…” ์ธก์— ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฐํƒ€ํด๋กœ์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€์‹ ํ•œ ๋กฏ๋ฐํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ์ง์›์ด ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์‹ค๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฌผ ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํ…” ๋กœ๋น„์ธต์— ์ž๋ฆฌํ•œ ์—์ด์Šค ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚  ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์†ก์€ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์—์„œ 10์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ด๋ค„์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„์™€์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ—ฌ๋กœํ‚คํ‹ฐ ๋ฃธ์˜ ํ• ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ณต์‹ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ 30๋งŒ์›๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ—ฌ๋กœํ‚คํ‹ฐ ์ธํ˜• 1๊ฐœ๋„ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ˆ™ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 4์›”12์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›”31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€๋‹ค(๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ด, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ํฌํ•จ). ์˜จ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ฒ ์ดํ‚น์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์ฟ ํ‚น ํด๋ž˜์Šคโ€™๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚  ๋‹น์ผ ํ˜ธํ…” ๋‚ด ์—ฐํšŒ์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ์ฐฉ์ˆœ 25ํŒ€ ํ•œ์ •(์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋น„ 4๋งŒ์›)์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ธ 5์›” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒจ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ํŽ€(Family Fun) ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ธ์ฆ์ƒท์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ SNS์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ํ›„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์‘๋ชจํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถ”์ฒจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝํ’ˆ์„ ์ฆ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋กฏ๋ฐํ˜ธํ…” ์ œ์ฃผ SNS ๊ณ„์ •์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋กฏ๋ฐํ˜ธํ…” ์ œ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ ์•„ํ’€๊ณผ ํ‚ค์ฆˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ„์ ˆ ์˜จ์ˆ˜ํ’€ โ€˜ํ•ด์˜จโ€™, ์‹ค๋‚ด ํ…Œ๋งˆํŒŒํฌ โ€˜ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ† ํ”ผ์•„โ€™, ๋ ˆ์ € ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ โ€˜์—์ด์Šค(ACE, Active & Creative Entertainer)โ€™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๋‹ค.
In a past of abundance, we had clean water to meet our demands for showers, pools, farms and rivers. Our laws and customs did not need to regulate or ration demand. Over time, our demand has grown, and scarcity has replaced abundance. We don't have as much clean water as we want. We can respond to the end of abundance with old ideas or adopt new tools specifically designed to address water scarcity. In this book, David Zetland describes the impact of scarcity on our many water uses, how the institutions of abundance fail in scarcity, and how economic ideas and tools can help us direct water to its highest and best use. Written for non-academic readers, The End of Abundance provides examples, insights and ideas to anyone interested in the management of our most precious resource. |Aguanomics Press (2011)| |Email David Zetland|
05์‹ผ ๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ง€๋–ก์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ๊ณผโ€˜์งํ‰ ์ฝ”์ฝ”์•„๋ฒ„ํ„ฐโ€™
[์„ธ์ƒ์ฝ๊ธฐ] ๊น€์ข…ํ•„ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด /์†Œ์ข…์„ญ : ๊ตญ์ œ์‹ ๋ฌธ [์„ธ์ƒ์ฝ๊ธฐ] ๊น€์ข…ํ•„ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด /์†Œ์ข…์„ญ | ์ž…๋ ฅ : 2018-06-26 19:10:16 ์ถฉ๋‚จ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ตฐ ์™ธ์‚ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ. ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š”, ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์‚ฐ์ž„์ˆ˜(่ƒŒๅฑฑ่‡จๆฐด) ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณ ์ฆˆ๋„‰ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์—ฌ์์—์„œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์š•์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ น์‹œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์‚ฐ(ๅ…งๅฑฑ)๋ฉด์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์™ธ์‚ฐ(ๅค–ๅฑฑ)๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ์‚ฐ๋ฉด์€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ-์ฒญ์–‘-๋ณด๋ น์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต์˜ ์š”์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ช…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„ ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•œ๋ฌธ ์†Œ์„ค '๊ธˆ์˜ค์‹ ํ™”'๋ฅผ ์“ด ๋งค์›”๋‹น ๊น€์‹œ์Šต ์„ ์ƒ์ด ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 10๋ถ„๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. '5์ผ์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ, 2์ผ์€ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” '5้ƒฝ 2ๆ‘' ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํ™์ค€ ์ „ ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ์ฒญ์žฅ์˜ ์ง‘ 'ไผ‘ไผ‘ๅ ‚'๋„ ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋‚จ์—์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋Œ๋‹ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์ด์–ด์„œ '๋Œ๋‹ด๋งˆ์„'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 23์ผ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ๊น€์ข…ํ•„ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌ(JP)์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฌ˜์›์ด ์ด๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ต๋ฆฌ ์•ผํŠธ๋ง‰ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฝ ํ•œ์ชฝ์— '๊น€ํ•ด ๊น€์”จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฌ˜์›'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2015๋…„ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ฐ•์˜์˜ฅ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋ฌปํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ฐ• ์—ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•ฉ์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌ˜๋น„๋ช…์€ 2015๋…„ ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์จ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. '์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‚ฌ(ๆ€็„ก้‚ช)๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋„๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ํ•œํ‰์ƒ ์–ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํ•ญ์‚ฐ์ด๋ฌดํ•ญ์‹ฌ(็„กๆ’็”ฃ่€Œ็„กๆ’ๅฟƒ)์„ ์น˜๊ตญ(ๆฒปๅœ‹)์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฌ๋ฏผ๋ณต(ๅœ‹ๅˆฉๆฐ‘็ฆ)๊ณผ ๊ตญํƒœ๋ฏผ์•ˆ(ๅœ‹ๆณฐๆฐ‘ๅฎ‰)์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—Œ์‹  ์ง„๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๊ฑฐ๋Š˜ ๋งŒ๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ญ์ด์ง€ํŒ”์‹ญ๊ตฌ๋น„(ๅนดไนๅ่€Œ็Ÿฅ ๅ…ซๅไน้ž)๋ผ๊ณ  ํƒ„(ๅ˜†)ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹ค(ๆ•ธๅคš)ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์ด๋ถ€๋‹ต(็ฌ‘่€Œไธ็ญ”) ํ•˜๋˜ ์ž, ๋‚ด์กฐ์˜ ๋•์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€์–ด ์ค€ ์˜์„ธ๋ฐ˜๋ ค(ๆฐธไธ–ไผดไพถ)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋ˆ„์› ๋…ธ๋ผ'. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์€์œ ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ  ๊น€์˜์‚ผ ๊น€๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” '3๊น€(ไธ‰้‡‘)์‹œ๋Œ€'์˜ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณ„์„ธ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ 3๊น€์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ข…์–ธ์— ์ด์–ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ 3๊น€์‹œ๋Œ€๋„ ์ €๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์•”ํˆฌ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์†์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ–ˆ๋˜ 3๊น€์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‘ ์ถ•์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 40๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 3๊น€์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1990๋…„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ •์˜๋‹น ํ†ต์ผ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์‹ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด ํ•ฉ์น˜๋Š” 3๋‹น ํ•ฉ๋‹น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 1992๋…„ ๊น€์˜์‚ผ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋””๋”ค๋Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„์—๋Š” DJP์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊น€๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž์˜€๋˜ ์–‘๊น€(ๅ…ฉ้‡‘)์„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” '๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ์—ฐ' ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟจ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฟˆ์— ๊ทธ์ณค๋‹ค. 5ยท16์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๋Š” ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ธ์ƒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์ด์ž ์•„ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด 5ยท16์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ฒ ๊ถŒํ†ต์น˜์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ณด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์„คํ•ด ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์žฅ์„ ๋งก์€ ์ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ํ˜• ๋ฐ•์ƒํฌ ์”จ์˜ ๋”ธ ๋ฐ•์˜์˜ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ• ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ์ฒ˜์‚ผ์ดŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํƒœ์ƒ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5ยท16์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž์˜€์ง€๋งŒ '๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€'์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. '2์ธ์ž'์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋„“์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ• ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ธ์ฒ™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ '2์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์‹ '์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์•”์€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€์˜ ์ฃผ์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ์ •๊ถŒ๊ต์ฒด์˜ ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ž๊นŒ์ง€, ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผํ›ˆ์žฅ ๋ฌด๊ถํ™”์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์œ ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ธ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์„ ์•„๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆด ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ๊ฒ€๋„ ํ’๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋‘‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์„ค์ ์ธ ์–ธ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์€์œ ์™€ ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. '์ž์˜๋ฐ˜ ํƒ€์˜๋ฐ˜(่‡ชๆ„ๅŠ ไป–ๆ„ๅŠ)' '์ถ˜๋ž˜๋ถˆ์‚ฌ์ถ˜(ๆ˜ฅไพ†ไธไผผๆ˜ฅ)' '์ค„ํƒ๋™๊ธฐ(ๅ•ๅ•„ๅŒๆฉŸ)' ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋‘๊ณ ๋‘๊ณ  ํšŒ์ž๋๋‹ค. ๊นŠ์€ ๋…์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆ˜ ์—ฌ์•ผ ๊ฐ„์— ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์€์œ ์™€ ๋น„์œ ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์‰ฝ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๊น€ ์ „ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ.
'ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ' ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—๋„ ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•œ ์—…๊ณ„, ์™œ? ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ด์–ด 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด '๊นœ์ง ์„ฑ์žฅ'์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์„ฃ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค ์ •์ž‘ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์˜์‹ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํ”ผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ 'V'์žํ˜•์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ •๋ง ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์™œ ์ผ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ? โ—ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 2.9%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 7๋…„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค. 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” '๊นœ์ง ์„ฑ์žฅ'์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ์ปค์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰์€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋น„ 0.5%๋งŒ ๋„˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GDP) ์ด๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ธ ์œค์ฆํ˜„ ๊ธฐํš์žฌ์ •๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "์„œํ”„๋ผ์ด์ฆˆ(Surprise)"๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์จ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์œค ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ "๊ตญ์ œํ†ตํ™”๊ธฐ๊ธˆ(IMF)์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ -4%๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋งŒ์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์ณ์งˆ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค. ์œค ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํš์žฌ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” "์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์— ์ข‹์€ ์‹ค์ "์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ "4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์ „๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 0.5%๋งŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด๋„ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 0% ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์˜ฌ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 2,3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 1% ์„ฑ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด๋„ ์˜ฌํ•ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. โ—ˆ ์ •๋ถ€, ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ž…์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ์ „๋ง์น˜๋Š” -1.5%์œผ๋กœ, ์ดํ›„ ์œค์ฆํ˜„ ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ๊ตญ์ •๊ฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ "0%์™€ -1% ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํš์žฌ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” '์ •๋ถ€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‚™๊ด€'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ณด๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋„ํ•ด๋ช…์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•ด๋ช…์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด "4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐœ์„  ํ๋ฆ„์€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹น์ดˆ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ 1%๋‚ด์™ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋Œ€์™ธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์„ ์—ฐํœด๋กœ 10์›” ์ƒ์‚ฐ.์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ €ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์•„์ง ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜ˆ์˜์ฃผ์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ž…์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋น„๋ก ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ถŒ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์•„์งˆ ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ„๋ช… ์ •๋ถ€๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ—ˆ ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณ„์˜ ์†๋‚ด ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์ „๋ง์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ž‘ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œํฐ๋‘ฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›์€ "๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ 0%๋Œ€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ -1% ์•ˆ์ชฝ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š๋ƒ"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๊น€์ฐฝ๋ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›์€ "๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ์„œ๋งŒ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์„ ๋ฟ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์„ธ์ œ์ง€์› ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ "๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ž์ƒ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ์  ์žฌ์ •์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ํ’€์–ด ์ฃผ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ช…๋ฐ• ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋…๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹œ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ค‘์— ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์œ ๋™์ž๊ธˆ์ด 8๋ฐฑ์กฐ์›์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋“ค ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ ๋“ฑ ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ ์ •์ž‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„, ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ '์‹คํƒ„'์ธ ์ž๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ด๋„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ž์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์† ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ 'V'์ž ํ˜• ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์ฃผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅ™์€ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™œ์ฃผ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” '๋”๋ธ” ๋”ฅ' ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ์‹ฌ์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ™” ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋ ค -5%๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณค๋‘๋ฐ•์งˆ ์ณค๋˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด๋“ค์–ด 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋†’์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 0.1%๋ผ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋’ค 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ 2.6%, 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ 2.9%๋ผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฌ์ธ์ฐจ์ธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ž์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ '์† ๋นˆ ๊ฐ•์ •'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
### Ethanol โ†’ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ (B)
๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ
1992๋…„ ใ€Š์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์‚ด๋งŒํผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹คใ€‹
๋ก ์Šคํƒ ์•ค ํˆฌ ์Šค๋ชจํ‚น ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์ฆˆ (MBC) - ์†Œํ”„ (๋ฑ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ฒ˜)
The Race and Gender Wealth Gap The economic justice movement has historically focused on income equality. To the extent that attention was given to assets, the assumption was that once familiesโ€™ incomes are not consumed with basic needs, asset accrual will follow. While some gains have been made in narrowing the earnings gap, today wealth inequality is higher in the United States than any other industrialized country: the wealthiest one percent own one-third of the nationโ€™s wealth. As with all inequality, it is important to recognize the racial and gendered elements of the disparity. In the United States, families of color own just one-tenth of what white families own. Lack of wealth is both a cause and an effect of low income and poverty, and the two are highly correlated, creating a cycle of economic instability. Without adequate income, poor peopleโ€”who are disproportionately people of color and womenโ€”are unlikely to acquire assets, whether purchasing a home or saving. Similarly, lack of asset ownership limits income opportunities, such as seeking advanced education or starting a business. Asset ownership and wealth are in many ways a more elemental measure of economic well-being than income. Income is a short-term measure and is certainly critical for meeting daily living expenses. In contrast, wealthโ€”which is more likely to be affected by previous generationsโ€”allows families to weather financial hardships, such as economic downturns and unexpected periods of unemployment. More profoundly, wealth creates opportunity and allows families to move from poverty to long-term prosperity. If the accrual and maintenance of assets are critical to measuring economic well-being, asset poverty describes the condition of families for whom a sudden interruption in income would immediately produce serious consequences. In California, asset poverty rates are approximately twice income poverty rates, as defined by the federal poverty guidelines. Nearly one quarter of California families are asset poor. The economic situation for women and people of color is even more dire with one quarter of female-headed households and one third of minority-headed households having zero or negative net worth. Women and people of color fare worse across the board on all common measures of economic security. They are less likely to own a bank account, which increases their vulnerability to predatory check cashing practices. They are also less likely to own their own homeโ€”the second most commonly held asset in the United States after vehicles. Wealth Through the Racial Lens On every count, people of color own less wealth than white Americans, as revealed by the following data: African Americans (31 percent) and Latinos (35 percent) are approximately two and a half times more likely than whites (13 percent) to have zero or negative net worth. Three-quarters of whites own their own homes compared to 46.7 percent Latinos and 48.1 percent African Americans. More than half of white families have retirement accounts and a majority own some stocks. By comparison only 30 percent of African American households own stocks and they are one-fifth the value of what whites own. Furthermore, the data shows that even within a given class, white Americans have greater access to assets and removing the wealthy, predominantly white elite from calculations reveals that white working-class people have on average more assets than people of color. Current trends show that this racial wealth gap is continuing to grow. According to the Federal Reserve Bank, from 1995 to 2001, the average family of color saw their net worth fall seven percent to $17,100, while an average white familyโ€™s net worth grew 37 percent to $120,000 in the same period. The severity and persistence of the racial wealth gap requires targeted and strategic attention. Wealth Through the Gender Lens The gender wealth gap is more difficult to measure because wealth is typically a household-level characteristic, often with people of different genders in the same household. Consequently, most data on wealth disparity between men and women looks only at non-married households, which comprise 47 percent of all households according to the 1998 census. Women are less likely than men to own almost every type of asset. The median value of assets held by women is almost always lower than that of their male counterparts. A smaller percent of women own stocks, bonds, and other financial assets compared to men. Women are also less likely to hold retirement accounts and a womanโ€™s pension is typically smaller than a manโ€™s. Married households are significantly wealthier than non-married households. However, marriage and divorce affect men and women in different ways. Marriage reduces a womanโ€™s likelihood of participation in the labor market, whereas no such consequence is found for men. In addition, womenโ€™s economic status suffers more than menโ€™s upon divorce. Even widowed women, who fare best of all non-married women, own only $0.59 for every dollar of wealth owned by widowed men. Never-married women have the least wealth of all household types, owning less than a quarter of the wealth owned by never-married men. Never-married womenโ€™s median net worth is just $2,500 compared to the $148,700 median net worth of married individuals. Persistent Factors of Inequality in Wealth Most private wealth in the United States is inherited, which perpetuates the racial wealth gap. Approximately 80 percent of assets come from transfers from prior generations. Whites are approximately five times more likely than people of color to inherit after the death of a parent and they inherit nearly three times the value. One quarter of white families received an inheritance averaging almost $145,000, but only one in 20 African American families inherited, with an average inheritance of approximately $42,000. In addition, whites are two-and-a-half times more likely than African Americans to receive modest gifts from living relatives, such as contributions to college tuition or a down payment on a home. Another factor is that for nearly 150 years, the United States government has encouraged asset building through targeted policies, such as the Homestead Act (1862) and the GI Bill (1944). While the stated intention of most asset building policies is to benefit working and poor families, a deeper look shows that they have failed to benefit low-income families; in large part owing to the predominance of asset building policies that operate through the tax code. Currently, almost $300 billion per year in federal tax expenditures goes to support asset building among individuals in the form of tax credits, deferments, or exemptions for investments, homeownership, and retirement accounts. These policies are of little benefit to many low-income individuals who do not have tax liabilities. Low-income families who cannot afford a down payment on a home do not qualify for a mortgage or the generous income-tax deductions for mortgage interest and property taxes. In fact, it is households earning over $50,000 a year that receive over 90 percent of the benefits of a home mortgage tax deduction. A new look at asset policy is needed to address centuries of economic inequality. Policies must focus on the specific needs of and unique opportunities for lower-income families, women, and people of color. Womenโ€™s Initiative: A Case Study Since 1988, Womenโ€™s Initiative has been helping lower income women of color achieve economic security through microenterprise, which typically has very low start-up costs. Its culturally competent, wrap-around business and personal development training in English and Spanish is designed to help low income and low asset women facing multiple barriers transform their work experience and ingenuity into a growing asset, which can then be leveraged to acquire additional assets, such as real estate, vehicles, bank accounts, and retirement funds. About 31 percent of program participants are at or below the federal poverty line at enrollment (average household net worth is $12,968) and about 83 percent are women of color. In addition, many report low credit scores, including one or more bankruptcies, and are unable to access formal banking relationships when they enter the program. Many face other economic obstacles, such as little formal education, physical disability, and a history of domestic violence. In 2008, Womenโ€™s Initiative conducted a study of its client data collected between 1998 and 2007, which supports the hypothesis that microenterprise is a very effective way to move low income women and families toward lasting economic self-sufficiency. (For information on research methodology and comprehensive findings, see the full report Closing the Wealth Gap through Self-employment: Women of Color Achieving the American Dream at www.womensinitiative.org. Womenโ€™s Initiative Client Research Despite the financial risks often associated with business ownership, women in business have 40 percent higher average household incomes and 48 percent more household net worth than clients who have not yet started their businesses. Participants in business management training reported an increase in the average value of the businesses from $914 (median: $0) before training to $6,352 (median: $300) two years after training. More than three out of five clients (62 percent) reported gains in overall household net worth and home ownership doubled to one out of five (20 percent) after program participation. African American clients reported the greatest average absolute growth (over 1,000 percent) in business equity two years after training, while Latina clients saw the largest relative gains (3,000 percent). Latina clients experienced greater average gains in overall household wealth than non-Latinas. Moreover, clients who received services in Spanish reported higher average overall household wealth two years after training than clients who received services in English. Microenterprise: A Possible Equalizer The persistent income gap for women and people of color contributes to the wealth gap in the United States, as these families are unable to put away savings for investment and other asset building activities. Income inequality persists across generations as wealth is inherited. Government policyโ€”which historically did not By equally benefit poor families and women and people of colorโ€”generated an initial inequality that has been perpetuated through subsequent poorly-targeted policies. Policies and programs to reduce the racial and gender wealth gap must provide culturally competent and targeted support for asset building. Research conducted by the Womenโ€™s Initiative bolsters the case that microenterprise is an important tool for women seeking economic security. In addition to the significant income gains previously documented, there is now compelling evidence that on average, total household net worth rises dramatically after business training. The chance to leverage her skills, creativity, and hard work through business ownership allows a woman to create her own upward mobility. The relatively low start-up costs of microenterprises allows women to build an asset that in turn can be used to generate a safety net of personal wealth for the entire family. Given the conclusions of the Womenโ€™s Initiative study, one can confidently argue that any new asset policies targeted at bridging the wealth gap must include culturally-competent, wrap-around business training for lower income women. 1. Lui, M., Robles, B., Leondar-Wright, B., Brewer, R. and Adamson, R. The Color of Wealth: The Story Behind the U.S. Racial Wealth Divide. New York: The New Press, 2006. 2. Nembhard, Jessica Gordon and Chiteji, Ngina (Eds). Wealth Accumulation and Communities of Color in the United States: Current Issues. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2006.) 3. Corporation For Enterprise Development (CFED): โ€œOwing more than we own.โ€ www.cfed.org, 2008. Karuna Jaggar is director of research and public policy for Women's Initiative |Karuna Jaggar- the Race and Gender Wealth Gap.pdf||107.65 KB|
โ€œ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ญ, ๋‚ด ์ผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ๋„ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ. ์ €๋… ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž.โ€
Definition of Hordeolum:A hordeolum (or stye) is an infection on the margin (edge) or inside of your eyelid. Drugs associated with Hordeolum The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Hordeolum. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. Learn more about Hordeolum Micromedex Care Notes: Synonym(s): Eyelid bump; Stye
ํ—ˆํ—ˆ, ์ž๋„ฌ ๋‹นํ•  ์žฌ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๊ตฐ. ์š”์ฆ˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๋•๊ฒ ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธด๊ฐ€?
Conservation of coral reefs is complicated by direct human activity and indirect effects on the global climate. Sustainability is the concept that current needs may be met without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. What human needs or wants are met by sustaining coral reefs? What where some of the economic considerations that you needed to understand? What where some of the cultural considerations that you needed to understand? What actions can you personally take to save the coral reefs? What actions could your class take to save coral reefs? The United States is involved in coral reef preservation through the United States Geological Survey, NOAA, and the EPA. Many universities and organizations, including Reef Relief are engaged in reef research and preservation.
:# ็งใฎๅฟƒใฏใƒใƒงใ‚ณใ‚ณใƒญใƒ
๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋‚  ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐฅ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋ก€์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋จผ ํ›—๋‚  ๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ 2000๋…„์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ง€๋‚œ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋…ธ์„ธ, ๋…ธ์„ธ, ์ Š์–ด์„œ ๋…ธ์„ธ.' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋žซ๋ง์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ง์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ '์ผํ•˜์„ธ, ์ผํ•˜์„ธ, ์ Š์–ด์„œ ์ผํ•˜์„ธ.' ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€ '๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ, ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ, ์ Š์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ.' ๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋žซ๋ง์„ ์ง€์–ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ž์˜€๋˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ๋‹Œ์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ†ตํƒ„ํ•  ์ฒ˜์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ช‡ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต์‚ฐ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋ฐœ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์–ด์ œ์˜ ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ๋„ ์†์žก๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ฆ‰ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ผญ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์ „ํ˜€ ์—ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ, ์นœ์ฒ™์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ๋‚จํ•œ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ ๋„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ์–ด ๋ด„์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋…์ด ๋™๋…๊ณผ ํ†ต์ผํ•œ ํ›„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋…์˜ ํ˜•์ œ, ์นœ์ฒ™์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์• ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๋„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์†์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณด๋žŒ๋œ ๋‚ด์ผ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜›๋‚ ์— ์ฒœํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์–ป๊ณ ๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค ์žƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผํ›—๋‚  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์•„์นจ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์†Œ ๊ท ํ˜•๋œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋จน๋Š” ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธˆํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™๋„ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์š•์‹ฌ๊ป ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋งŒํ•ด์ ธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์›๋งŒํ•œ ๋•์„ฑ์„ ์Œ“๋„๋ก ํž˜์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์†Ÿ์•„๋‚˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์—†์ด ํ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ํ†ต์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž€ ์œ„๋ก€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ใ€์„œ์šธ=๋‰ด์‹œ์Šคใ€‘(์ด๋ฆ„) ๊ธฐ์ž = ์Œ์šฉ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ '2019 ํ‹ฐ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ' ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜์ƒ ์ธ์ฆ์ƒท ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  19์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” '์Œ์šฉ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ'์— ์ด์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ธ์ฆ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋กœ 2019 ํ‹ฐ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜์ƒ ์ธ์ฆ์ƒท์„ ์ฐ์–ด ํ•ด์‹œํƒœ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์…œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณ„์ •์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์ง์ ‘ (์ด๋ฆ„)๋ฅผ ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๋‹ฌ 9์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์ฒจ๋œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋กฏ๋ฐ๋ฐฑํ™”์  ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ถŒ(5๋งŒ์›ยท10๋ช…), ๋กฏ๋ฐ์‹œ๋„ค๋งˆ ์˜ํ™”์˜ˆ๋งค๊ถŒ 2๋งค(100๋ช…), ๋กฏ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์„ธํŠธ ๊ตํ™˜๊ถŒ(300๋ช…) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์ฒจ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๋‹ฌ 19์ผ ์Œ์šฉ์ฐจ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2019 ํ‹ฐ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํ™•์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์šฉ์ฐจ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ 2019 ํ‹ฐ๋ณผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ Š์Œ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ํŒ๊ณผ ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ์‹คํ‚คํ™”์ดํŠธํŽ„ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. minki@(์ด๋ฉ”์ผ)<์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์žโ“’ ๊ณต๊ฐ์–ธ๋ก  ๋‰ด์‹œ์Šคํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ. ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ „์žฌ-์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€.>
= โ€˜์—ญ๋Œ€๊ธ‰ ๋ผ์ธ์—…โ€™์„ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธ๋”๋จธ๋‹ˆ6โ€™๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜(30์ผ) ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฆ„๋งŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋„ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ๊ป ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ช… ๋ž˜ํผ๋“ค์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์—์„œ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋ชจ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. 30์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋˜๋Š” โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธ๋”๋จธ๋‹ˆ6โ€™(์ดํ•˜ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธ6โ€™)์—๋Š” ์ง€์ฝ” ๋”˜, ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐjk ๋น„์ง€, (์ด๋ฆ„) ๋„๋ผ, ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน๋“€์˜ค๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œ ๋ผ์ธ์—…์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐjk๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ํž™ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ „๋“œ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๋ž˜ํผ, ๋ฌด๋ธŒ๋จผํŠธ ํฌ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน ๋“€์˜ค, ๋ฆฌ์Œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐjk์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ์›์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน๋“€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ค 6๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์ œ์ž‘์ง„์ด ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ์ฝœ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ž˜๋„๋ก ํ˜„์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋…น์Šฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ค๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋””ํ•œ ์Œ์•… ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” (์ด๋ฆ„)๊ณผ ๋„๋ผ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋„ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์ฆŒ3 ์šฐ์Šน์ž ๋ฐ”๋น„๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์‹ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ํž™ํ•ฉ์‹ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋„ค์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. (์ด๋ฆ„)์€ ์•„์ด๋Œ, ๋น„๋ณด์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๊ณ , ๋ณด์ปฌ๊ณผ ๋žฉ์— ๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ž. ํŠธ๋ Œ๋””ํ•œ ์Œ์•… ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ํŒฌ์ธต์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ aomg์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์ฝ”์™€ ๋”˜์€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์น˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€์— ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ๋žฉ ๋ฉ”์ดํ‚น์˜ ์ง€์ฝ”์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”˜์˜ ์กฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉด๋ฉด๋„ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์—๋Š” โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์žฌ์ˆ˜์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํŒฌ๋ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ง€๋‚œ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์ถœ์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ“์€ ์ธ์ง€๋„์™€ โ€˜์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌโ€™๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•  ์ „๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์—์„œ ์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•œ ํ•œํ•ด, ๋ฉด๋„, ๋‰ด์ฑ”ํ”„, ํ•ด์‹œ์Šค์™„, ๋„‰์‚ด ๋“ฑ์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์ „์žฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฆŒ3์—์„œ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํŽ€์น˜๋ผ์ธ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ์˜ฌํ‹ฐ, 1์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ž˜ํผ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ”ผํƒ€์ž…๊ณผ ์›์ฌ, ์‹œ์ฆŒ5์—์„œ ํ•ด์‹œ์Šค์™„์— ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ๋˜ ์ฃผ๋…ธํ”Œ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋‹ค.์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•ด โ€˜๋งํ•  ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ผ์ธ์—…โ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธ6โ€™๊ฐ€ โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋ชจ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด โ€˜์‡ผ๋ฏธโ€™ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญ๋ฅ ์€ ์‹œ์ฆŒ4 ์ค‘ ์Šค๋ˆ•๋…์ด ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ 3.3%(์ผ€์ด๋ธ” tv ๊ธฐ์ค€)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.<์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž ยฉ ๋‰ด์Šค1์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ „์žฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€>
ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ฌ์œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์„œ โ€˜๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šคโ€™ ์ฒซ ์„  ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ฌ์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค. ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ๋Š” 24์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” 26์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ ์ฝ”์—‘์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ๋Œ€์„ฌ์œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์ธ โ€˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ธ ์„œ์šธ 2022โ€™์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ…Œ๋งˆ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „์‹œ๋ถ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ โ€˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ธ ์„œ์šธโ€™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šค ์„ฌ์œ  โ€˜ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋“œโ€™๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์›๋‹จ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋“œ(creoraยฎ bio-based)๋Š” ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šค ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ์„ํƒ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋ฃŒ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†๋ฌด๋ถ€(USDA) ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์„ฌ์œ ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋ฐ ์• ์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ € ์›จ์–ด, ๋ž€์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์  (regenยฎ) ๋“ฑ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํด๋ฆฌ์—์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์— ์ด์–ด ์ŠคํŒ๋ฑ์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ฌ์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ โ–ณํํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํด๋ฆฌ์—์Šคํ„ฐ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ฆฌ์   ์˜ค์…˜ โ–ณํ์–ด๋ง์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก  ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์„ฌ์œ  โ€˜๋งˆ์ดํŒ ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜ค์…˜โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์›๋‹จ๋„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 1์œ„ SPA๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ โ€˜ํƒ‘ํ…โ€™๊ณผ ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ ์›จ์–ด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ โ€˜์ง€์˜ค์ง€์•„โ€™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์‹ ์„ฑํ†ต์ƒ๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒจ์…˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ ์„ฑํ†ต์ƒ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋ผ์ธ โ€˜์—์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„(ECOREA)โ€™ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ , ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋ง‰์ด ์ƒํ•˜์˜ ์„ธํŠธ, ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์€ ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ฆฌ์  ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ „์‹œ๋ถ€์Šค ๋‚ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์„ฌ์œ  โ€˜๋ฆฌ์  โ€™ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒจ์…˜๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. โ–ณ๋ฌด์‹ ์‚ฌ ์Šคํƒ ๋‹ค๋“œ์˜ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์™€ ์–‘๋ง โ–ณ๋‹ฅ์Šค์…”์ธ ์˜ ๋„ฅํƒ€์ดโ–ณ๋ฌด์ธ์–‘ํ’ˆ์—˜์—์ด์•Œ์˜ ์šด๋™ํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŒจ์…˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ค‘์†Œ ์›๋‹จ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์‚ฌ 9๊ณณ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™๋ถ€์Šค๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์˜์—… ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ฌ์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ธ ์„œ์šธโ€™์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด๋กœ 23ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋Š” ์ด๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” 26์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ ์ฝ”์—‘์Šค 1์ธต Aํ™€์—์„œ 3์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค. ํšจ์„ฑํ‹ฐ์•ค์”จ, ํƒœ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…๋Œ€ํ•œํ™”์„ฌ, ๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์„ฌ์œ ํŒจ์…˜์—…์ฒด 311๊ฐœ์‚ฌ(524๋ถ€์Šค)๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ง‰ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์šด ํšŒ์žฅ, ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์‚ฐ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์žฅ์˜์ง„ ์ œ1์ฐจ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์šด ์„ฌ์‚ฐ๋ จ ํšŒ์žฅ์€ โ€œ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์ƒ์กด๋น„์ฑ…์ด์ž ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์•…๋น„์ฒœ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ๊ฒธ๋„ ์‹ฌํžˆ ์˜์•„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
์‚ฌํšŒ์ดˆ๋…„์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฅผ ์กธ๋ผ ๋งค์•ผ ๋ชฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ข…์žฃ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋งŒ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋‹ค ๊ธˆ์„ธ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ดˆ๋…„์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํŒ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ชฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž.
. ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์›๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋ฌธํ—Œ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 6์ผ โ€˜๋ฒ ์ด์ง• ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ(2015~2016)โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ์ฒญ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ ์ง์žฅ์ธ์€ ์ผ, ์ •์‹ , ์ฃผํƒ, ๊ฐ€์ •์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” 4๋Œ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ฃผํƒ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ์ž๋…€์ž…ํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์‹ ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 20%์— ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.. . ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ต๋ฅ˜, ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ธ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์€ ์ง์žฅ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…, ๊ทธ (์ด๋ฆ„) ํ•™๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง์žฅ์ธ์ด 74.7%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ โ€˜์ง€์‹ํ˜•โ€™ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.. . ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ ์ง์žฅ์ธ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” โ€˜๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋Œ€์šฐ์™€ ๋ณต๋ฆฌโ€™๊ฐ€ 1์œ„(72%), โ€˜๋…ธํ›„ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์ด 2์œ„(7.7%)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. . . ์ง์žฅ์ธ์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™๊ฐ€ 30.4%, โ€˜์ •์‹ ์ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™โ€™๋Š” 19.4%, โ€˜๋‚ด ์ง‘ ๋งˆ๋ จ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™๋Š” 16.1%, โ€˜๊ฐ€์ • ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™๋Š” 11.5%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. . . ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ โ€˜์ •์‹ ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์ธ์ด 19.2%์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์ฃผํƒ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ์ž๋…€์ž…ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ง์žฅ์ธ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šคโ€™๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.
The Da Vinci Notebooks at sacred-texts.com The chapters composing this portion of the work consist of observations on Form, Light and Shade in Plants, and particularly in Trees summed up in certain general rules by which the author intends to guide the artist in the pictorial representation of landscape. With these the first principles of a Theory of Landscape painting are laid down--a theory as profoundly thought out in its main lines as it is lucidly worked out in its details. In reading these chapters the conviction is irresistible that such a Botany for painters is or ought to be of similar importance in the practice of painting as the principles of the Proportions and Movements of the human figure i. e. Anatomy for painters. There can be no doubt that Leonardo, in laying down these rules, did not intend to write on Botany in the proper scientific sense--his own researches on that subject have no place here; it need only be observed that they are easily distinguished by their character and contents from those which are here collected and arranged under the title 'Botany for painters'. In some cases where this division might appear doubtful,--as for instance in No. 402--the Painter is directly addressed and enjoined to take the rule to heart as of special importance in his art. The original materials are principally derived from MS. G, in which we often find this subject treated on several pages in succession without any of that intermixture of other matters, which is so frequent in Leonardo's writings. This MS., too, is one of the latest; when it was written, the great painter was already more than sixty years of age, so we can scarcely doubt that he regarded all he wrote as his final views on the subject. And the same remark applies to the chapters from MSS. E and M which were also written between 1513--15. For the sake of clearness, however, it has been desirable to sacrifice--with few exceptions--the original order of the passages as written, though it was with much reluctance and only after long hesitation that I resigned myself to this necessity. Nor do I mean to impugn the logical connection of the author's ideas in his MS.; but it will be easily understood that the sequence of disconnected notes, as they occurred to Leonardo and were written down from time to time, might be hardly satisfactory as a systematic arrangement of his principles. The reader will find in the Appendix an exact account of the order of the chapters in the original MS. and from the data there given can restore them at will. As the materials are here arranged, the structure of the tree as regards the growth of the branches comes first (394-411) and then the insertion of the leaves on the stems (412-419). Then follow the laws of Light and Shade as applied, first, to the leaves (420-434), and, secondly, to the whole tree and to groups of trees (435-457). After the remarks on the Light and Shade in landscapes generally (458-464), we find special observations on that of views of towns and buildings (465-469). To the theory of Landscape Painting belong also the passages on the effect of Wind on Trees (470-473) and on the Light and Shade of Clouds (474-477), since we find in these certain comparisons with the effect of Light and Shade on Trees (e. g.: in No. 476, 4. 5; and No. 477, 9. 12). The chapters given in the Appendix Nos. 478 and 481 have hardly any connection with the subjects previously treated.
The Cecilian Movement of church reform was centered in Italy but received great impetus from Regensburg, Germany, where Franz Xaver Haberl had a world-renowned Kirchenmusicschule. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona ล˜ezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( หˆbสŠndษ™sสepuหŒbliหk หˆdษ”สtสƒlant is a Country in Central Europe. Franz Xaver Haberl (Oberellenbach (today Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg) Lower Bavaria, 12 April 1840 &ndash Ratisbon, 5 September (Haberl was also the Regensberg Domkappellmeister, where he directed a choir highly skilled in polyphony and chant. In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony Chant (from Old French chanter) is the Rhythmic speaking or Singing of Words or Sounds often primarily on one or two ) The Cecilian Movement was a reaction to the roughly hundred years (c. 1800 to c. 1900) when Gregorian Chant all but vanished from Catholic Masses. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. In many serious church musicians, there was a deep-seated desire to revive Chant as well as the Renaissance polyphony of Palestrina, Lassus, Victoria, Anerio, et al. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Palestrina (ancient Praeneste) is an ancient city and Comune (municipality with a population of about 18000 in Lazio, c Orlande de Lassus (also Orlandus Lassus, Orlando di Lasso, Roland de Lassus, or Roland Delattre) (1532 (possibly 1530 &ndash June Tomรกs Luis de Victoria (sometimes spelled 'da Vittoria' (1548 &ndash August 20, 1611) was a Spanish composer of the late Renaissance. The brothers Anerio were two notable composers of Italy Felice Anerio (1560-1614 Giovanni Francesco Anerio (c , and to rid Masses of the more entertaining, operatic style of music. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Before Lorenzo Perosi, it may be said that Giovanni Tebaldini, Perosi's predecessor at the Basilica of San Marco in Venice was one of the leaders of this movement named for St. Cecilia, patroness of music. Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi ( 21 December 1872 - 12 October 1956) was an Italian Composer of Sacred music and the only Saint Mark's Basilica ( Italian: Basilica di San Marco a Venezia) the Cathedral of Venice, is the most famous of Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Saint Cecilia (Sancta Caecilia is the Patron saint of Musicians and Church music. But by Tebaldini's own admission, it was Perosi who brought these hopes to fruition -- albeit with the backing of the future Pope Pius X and his Motu Proprio of 1903. Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him The influence of Perosi, as well as Pius, was so strong that not only did chant and polyphony re-enter the Catholic repertory, but Perosi's works -- from the 1890s until World War I and beyond -- were by far the most widely performed contemporary works in the Roman Catholic Church. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All (Vide Lorenzo Perosi. Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi ( 21 December 1872 - 12 October 1956) was an Italian Composer of Sacred music and the only ) The young Lorenzo Perosi (photo-postcard late 1890s). Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi ( 21 December 1872 - 12 October 1956) was an Italian Composer of Sacred music and the only The Rev. Dr. Franz Xaver Haberl (1840โ€“1910). Franz Xaver Haberl (Oberellenbach (today Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg) Lower Bavaria, 12 April 1840 &ndash Ratisbon, 5 September Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌดํ„ฑ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€์žฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ? ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์†Ÿ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์šธ๋‹ค ์ง€์ณ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ํญ๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๋’ค ์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.
๋ณด์•ˆ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ RSA Incident Response Practice๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์นจํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€, ํฌ๋ Œ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ธ์‹œ๋˜ํŠธ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ํŒ€์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒ€์€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—…์ข…์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค RSA Incident Response Retainer๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ฌ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ RSA์˜ ์ธ์‹œ๋˜ํŠธ ๋Œ€์‘ ํŒ€์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจํ•ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ธ์‹œ๋˜ํŠธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IR Rapid Deploy ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด RSA NetWitness Packets ๋ฐ RSA NetWitness Endpoint๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—…๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ํƒ์ง€ ํˆด๊ณผ ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจํ•ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ํฌ๋ Œ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ€์›จ์–ด(malware) ๋ถ„์„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ , ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ ์ƒ์กด๊ถŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ '๋‚œํ•ญ' - ์›ฐํŽ˜์–ด๋‰ด์Šค ์Šน์ธ 2018.12.03 21:10 ์ „์žฅ์—ฐ ๋“ฑ ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„ ๊ตญํšŒ ์•ž ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ "์ง„์งœ ์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ํ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—†์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€" "๊ตญํšŒ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์†Œ์œ„๋„ ํŒŒํ–‰๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์š”๊ตฌ์•ˆ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”๊ณ ์š”. ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์‹ฌ์˜๋„ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜๊ฒจ๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ˆซ์ž๋†€์ด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„๋„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ์—†์• ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญก๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์ž๋ฆฝ์ƒํ™œ๋„ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋™๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•จ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." -ํ•œ๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ž๋ฆฝ์ƒํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ์–‘์˜ํฌ ํšŒ์žฅ- "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ตฌ์„์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๋น„ ์•ˆ ๋งž๊ณ , ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋“ฑ ๋”ฐ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ƒ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ ๋‚˜๋ผํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‹ค ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์ค‘๋žต) ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹ค ๋•Œ '๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ๋Š๋ƒ'๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ ๋งŒ ์ž์‹œ๋ฉด '๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฃฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•„๋น ์—„๋งˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‚ ํ•œ์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ์ด๋†ˆ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ข‹์„์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." -์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์•ผํ•™ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ๋ฐ•๋ช…์•  ํšŒ์žฅ- 12์›” 3์ผ, ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฒ ํ์—ฐ๋Œ€, ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—ฐ๋Œ€, ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์•ผํ•™ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์žฅ์• ์ธ์ธ๊ถŒํ˜‘ํšŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ž๋ฆฝ์ƒํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์‚ฌ๋‹น ์•ž์—์„œ '26๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋‚  ์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ์ง„์งœ ํ์ง€ ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ํ–‰์ง„'์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—”์ด ์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ ์ด ์Šค๋ฌผ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ 2018๋…„ 12์›” 3์ผ. ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ตญํšŒ ์•ž์—๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทœํƒ„์ด ์Ÿ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ '์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ํ์ง€'๋ฅผ ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 5,000์–ต ์› ์ฆ์•ก๋œ 2์กฐ7,000์–ต ์›. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ž์—ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ตญํšŒ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ 4,000์–ต ์› ์ฆ์•กํ•œ 3์กฐ1,000์–ต ์›์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ •๋‹น์˜ ์›๋‚ด๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐํŠน๋ณ„์œ„์›ํšŒ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์กฐ์ •์†Œ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ–‰์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 2019๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. '์ž์นซ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์ž„์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์•กํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„๋Š” "๋‚ด๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 31๋…„ ๋งŒ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญํšŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” '์ž์—ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ถ„+10์›์งœ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ'์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ˜œ์™€ ๋™์ •์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ์ตœํ•˜์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์—”์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌํ˜‘์•ฝ ์„ ํƒ์˜์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ค€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ตญํšŒ, ๋‚ด๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ ์ƒ์ •โ€ฆ "์†Œ์œ„ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ ๊ณ„์†" ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฒ ํ์—ฐ๋Œ€, ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—ฐ๋Œ€, ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์•ผํ•™ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์žฅ์• ์ธ์ธ๊ถŒํ˜‘ํšŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ž๋ฆฝ์ƒํ™œ์„ผํ„ฐํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ 3์‹œ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์‚ฌ๋‹น ์•ž์—์„œ '26๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋‚  ์žฅ์• ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ์ง„์งœ ํ์ง€ ํˆฌ์Ÿ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ํ–‰์ง„'์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ 27์ผ์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐํŠน๋ณ„์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ทธ๋‚ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ 27์ผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญํšŒ์— ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์žฅ์•  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฑ…์ž„์ œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‚  ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ตญํšŒ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ซํ˜€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญํšŒ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์•ˆ์ด ์ ํžŒ ํฐ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ด ๊น”๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ํšŒ์› ๋“ฑ ๋„ค ๋ช…์€ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์—ฐํ–‰๋๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๊ณ , ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 5์‹œ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด '์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๊ณ  5์ฐจ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ช…๋ น ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด, ๊ตญํšŒ๋Š” 2019๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ตญํšŒ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์€ ์ž๋™ ๋ถ€์˜๋๋‹ค. ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฒ ํ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ•๊ฒฝ์„ ์ƒ์ž„๊ณต๋™๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” "์†Œ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์—๋ผ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‹ค๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋‹จ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค ์ €๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€์ผœ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ."์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ €๋… 8์‹œ 20๋ถ„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญํšŒ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์—ฐํ–‰๋œ ๋„ค ๋ช…์€ 7์‹œ 30๋ถ„๊ฒฝ ํ’€๋ ค๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์€ ํšŒ์›์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์ง€ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ํšŒ์› ๋“ฑ์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์—ฐํ–‰๋˜์ž ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์›๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ „๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์€ ์œ ๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ƒ์กด๊ถŒ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์— ํ•ญ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์† ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค. #์„ธ๊ณ„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜๋‚  #์œ ์—” #12์›”3์ผ #๊ตญํšŒ #์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐํŠน๋ณ„์œ„์›ํšŒ #2019๋…„์˜ˆ์‚ฐ #์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ #๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€ #๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ #์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ #์žฅ์• ์ธ #๊ฒฐ์˜๋Œ€ํšŒ #UN
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2009๋…„ SBS ์•„์นจ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ใ€Š๋…น์ƒ‰๋งˆ์ฐจใ€‹ ... ์œค์„ฑ๊ทผ ์—ญ
์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ฐธ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌโ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํš๋“๋œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ชฌ ๋“œ ๋ณด๋ถ€์•„๋ฅด๋Š” ์ œ2์˜ ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. โ€œ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋™์„ฑ, ๊ตํƒœ, ๋ชจ์„ฑ์• ์™€ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ง๋ถ„์„ ๋– ๋งก์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค.โ€
์ „์ฒด๋‰ด์Šค 201-210 / 3,582๊ฑด ์ด๋ž€ ์ด์„  ๋ฐ˜๋ฏธ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํŒŒ ์••์Šนโ€ฆ์˜จ๊ฑดยทํ˜‘์ƒ ์ •์ฑ… 'ํ‡ด์žฅ ์˜ˆ๊ณ '(์ข…ํ•ฉ2๋ณด) ... ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ์— ๊ณ„์† ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ์„ธ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋‚˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•ด ์˜คํ›„ 11์‹œ์—์„œ์•ผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ '์ด์„  ์ตœ์ € ํˆฌํ‘œ์œจ'์„ ๋ง‰์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์••๋Œ๋ ˆ์ž ๋ผํ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ ํŒŒ์ฆ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ "์ด์„  ๋‹น์ผ ๊ถ‚์€ ๋‚ ์”จ์™€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํ™•์‚ฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ•ด, ํ•ญ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๊ณ (์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”), (์ง€๋‚œํ•ด 11์›” ๋ฐ˜์ •๋ถ€) ์‹œ์œ„ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์œจ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž ์•„์•ผํ†จ๋ผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋ฉ”๋„ค์ด๋Š” 23์ผ "์ ๋“ค(์„œ๋ฐฉ)์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ํˆฌํ‘œ์œจ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์  ์—ฌ๋ก ์ „์— ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.23 23:17 | YONHAP ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 '๋น„์ƒ' ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ž€โ€ฆ100ใŽž ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์†์ถœ [์„ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ค‘๋™์€์ง€๊ธˆ] ... ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์€ "์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋†“์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "์‹ค์ œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ž์ง€๋ผ๋Š” "์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ์ถ” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด๋ž€ํ˜๋ช…์ˆ˜๋น„๋Œ€(IRGC)๊ฐ€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ธ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฉ์ถ” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.23 12:22 | ์„ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ #์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 #์ด๋ž€ #์ค‘๋™ #์„ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ค‘๋™์€์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ž€ "ํ”ผ๊ฒฉ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†โ€ฆ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ค‘" ์•„๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํ•˜ํƒ€๋ฏธ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ 8์ผ(ํ˜„์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„) ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€ ๋ถ€๊ทผ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ์ด๋ž€๊ตฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ณต๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”๋œ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ํ•ญ๊ณต(UIA) ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†๋๋‹ค๊ณ  19์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ํ•˜ํƒ€๋ฏธ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ "๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ›ผ์†๋ผ ์•„์ง ํ”ผ๊ฒฉ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋ฉฐ "ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์‚ฐ์—… ์—…์ฒด์— ๋งก๊ฒจ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋… ์ž‘์—…์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ฒจ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ž€์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธก๊ณผ ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.19 19:06 | YONHAP ์ด๋ž€ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€, ์ด์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋…๋ คโ€ฆ์„œ๋ฐฉ์–ธ๋ก  "์ •์น˜๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ" ๋ถ€๊ฐ ... ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ…… ๋น„๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ๋กœ์ดํ„ฐํ†ต์‹ ๋„ 18์ผ '๋‚˜์จ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์จ์œผ๋กœ-ํฌ๋ง์ด ๋‚ด๋™๋Œ•์ด์ณ์ง„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ์†Œ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ "๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ, ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ์ถ” ๋น„๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œํƒ€๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด "์ด์„ ์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ž‡๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐˆ๊ธฐ ์ฐข๊ธด ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์„œ๋ฐฉ ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ •์น˜๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ... ์ด๋ž€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น "๋‘๋ฒˆ ์ž์ง„์‚ฌํ‡ด ๊ฑด์˜ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€" ... ๋น„ํŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋‚  ๊ธฐ์žํšŒ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ "๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์••๋ฐ• ์ •์ฑ…(์ œ์žฌ)์„ ํ‡ด์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋ฉฐ "์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์„์œ  ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ์ถ” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทธ๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์••๋ฐ•์— ๋งž์„œ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฆ‰๋‹ต์„ ํ”ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ 8์ผ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€ ๋ถ€๊ทผ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ํ˜๋ช…์ˆ˜๋น„๋Œ€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ณต๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์— ๊ฒฉ์ถ”๋์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํ˜๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.17 06:00 | YONHAP ์œ ์—” "์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ํญ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ 30์—ฌ๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง"(์ข…ํ•ฉ) ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ "์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”์— ๋ณด๋ณต"โ€ฆ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” "์กฐ์‚ฌ์ค‘" ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ์ฃผ์žฌ ์œ ์—” ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์—…๋ฌด์กฐ์ •์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํ›„ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์•Œ์ž์šฐํ”„ ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์•…์ง€๋Œ€์—์„œ 15์ผ(ํ˜„์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„) ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„๊ตฐ์˜ ํญ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ์ด 30์—ฌ๋ช… ์ˆจ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  16์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์ œ ๊ทธ๋ž‘๋“œ ์œ ์—” ์กฐ์ •๊ด€์€ "์ดˆ๋™ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•Œ์ž์šฐํ”„์ฃผ ์•Œ๋งˆ์Šฌ๋ฃน ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์„ธ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํญ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ์ด ์ตœ์†Œ 31๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  12๋ช…์ด ๋‹ค์ณค๋‹ค"๋ผ๋ฉฐ "์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ํ›„์†ก๋๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด "๋„ˆ๋ฌด ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.16 15:35 | YONHAP ๋Ÿฌ-ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์™ธ๋ฌด, ๋ฎŒํ—จํšŒ์˜ ๋’ค ์œ ํ™”๋ฐœ์–ธโ€ฆ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์•…ํ™” ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๋„?(์ข…ํ•ฉ) ... ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์™ธ๊ต์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ์ด๋‚  ์ธํ…Œ๋ฅดํŒ์Šค ํ†ต์‹ ์— ์ด๋“ค๋ฆฝ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์ด ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ์ œ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ๋ฐฉ๊ณต๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ 5์ผ ๋™์•ˆ 2๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ตฐ ํ—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ด๋“ค๋ฆฝ ์‚ฌํƒœ ์•…ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚ด์ „์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ธ ์ด๋“ค๋ฆฝ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ตฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์ž, ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํŽธ์— ์„  ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ธก์ด ์ •๋ถ€๊ตฐ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.16 01:39 | YONHAP ํ„ฐํ‚ค "์ด๋“ค๋ฆฝ ์‚ฌํƒœ ์™ธ๊ต์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์น˜" ... ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์™ธ๊ต์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ์ด๋‚  ์ธํ…Œ๋ฅดํŒ์Šค ํ†ต์‹ ์— ์ด๋“ค๋ฆฝ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์ด ํ„ฐํ‚ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ์ œ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ๋ฐฉ๊ณต๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์†Œ์‹ํ†ต์€ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ 5์ผ ๋™์•ˆ 2๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ตฐ ํ—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ฐจ์šฐ์‡ผ์„๋ฃจ ์™ธ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ด๋‚  ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ๋™๋ถ€ ๊ตฐ๋ฒŒ ์นผ๋ฆฌํŒŒ ํ•˜ํ”„ํƒ€๋ฅด ์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€์ด ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ํœด์ „ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์šฐ์‡ผ์„๋ฃจ๋Š” ํ•˜ํ”„ํƒ€๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.15 23:17 | YONHAP ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ "์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์ฃผ๋„ ๋™๋งน๊ตฐ ๊ณต์Šต์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ 30๋ช… ์‚ฌ์ƒ" ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ 1๋Œ€ ์ถ”๋ฝโ€ฆ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ์ถ”" ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ ํ›„ํ‹ฐ(์ž์นญ ์•ˆ์‚ฌ๋ฃฐ๋ผ)๋Š” 15์ผ(ํ˜„์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„) ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์•Œ์ž์šฐํ”„์ฃผ(ๅทž)์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž๋™๋งน๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ณต์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ 30๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ์ด ์ˆจ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋กœ์ดํ„ฐ, dpaํ†ต์‹  ๋“ฑ ์™ธ์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„ํ‹ฐ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ ์œ ์„ธํ”„ ์•Œํ•˜๋””๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋‚  ์ด๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋ž๋™๋งน๊ตฐ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต์Šต ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž‘์—…์„ ... ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ œ | 2020.02.15 22:50 | YONHAP NYT "ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์ธก-์ด๋ž€, ์˜คํŒ์˜ ์—ฐ์†โ€ฆ์„œ๋กœ ์ข…์ดํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด ํŒ๋‹จ" ... ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉด์„œ "์ด๋ž€ ์ •๊ถŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋„๋ฐœ์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ฌด์ธ์ •์ฐฐ๊ธฐ(๋“œ๋ก ) ๊ฒฉ์ถ”, ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„ ์„์œ ์‹œ์„ค ํƒ€๊ฒฉ, ์œ ์กฐ์„  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ค‘๋™๋ฐœ ์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ์ง€๋ชฉ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. NYT๋Š” "์ด๋ž€ ๋‹น๊ตญ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋”๋ผ๋„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉ์— ๋‚˜์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉด์„œ "์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ '์ด๋ž€๊ตฐ๋ถ€ ...
์„ ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ปต์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์–ด ์„ธ ์ปต์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ ๋“ค์ด์ผœ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ง„์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์žกํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์ปต์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ํ ์ง‘์ด ์ž์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋’ค๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‹ฅ ์ •๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ดœํžˆ ํ”ผ์‹๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์†์€ ์ง„์ •์ด ๋๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋์„ ๋ฟ, ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉ”์Šค๊บผ์šด ํ—ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ฌ ํ„ฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์•„๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋„๋กœ ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ์ž ์„ ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นจ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ๋ฌด์•„๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„ ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์—„๋‘๋„ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ดœํžˆ ๋’ค์ฒ™๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์˜ค๋˜ ๋‘ํ†ต ์—ญ์‹œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‘ํ†ต์•ฝ๋„ ํ•œ ์•Œ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ท์„ ๋นจ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ ๋นผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
= ์ „๋‚จ ์ง„๋„๊ตฐ์€ ์กฐ๋„๋ฉด ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ˆ™์›์ธ ํ•˜์กฐ๋„์™€ ๋‚˜๋ฐฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋„๊ต ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  28์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.๊ตฐ์€ ์ด๋‚  ๊ธฐ๊ณต์‹์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋„๊ต ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์กฐ๋„๋ฉด ํ•˜์กฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฐฐ๋„ ์ผ์›๊นŒ์ง€ 360m ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ ‘์†๋„๋กœ 649m ๋“ฑ ์ด์—ฐ์žฅ 1009m ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์—ฐ๋„๊ต๋Š” 290์–ต์›์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์กฐ๋„ ๋ช…์ง€๋งˆ์„ ์ผ์›์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฐฐ๋„๋ฅผ 2์ฐจ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๋ฉฐ, 2020๋…„ 10์›” ์ค€๊ณต์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๊ตฐ์€ ์ด ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ†ณ, ๋ฏธ์—ญ, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งˆ, ๋ฉธ์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋†์ˆ˜์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ฌ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋“ฑ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์„ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋–ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ง„ ์กฐ๋„๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋„๋ฆฌ์‚ฐ, ๋ˆ๋Œ€์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋นผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ์ฝ”์Šค์™€ 100๋…„์ด ๋„˜์€ ํ•˜์กฐ๋„ ๋“ฑ๋Œ€, ๋„๋ฆฌ์‚ฐ ์ „๋ง๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค๋…„ 20์—ฌ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(์ด๋ฆ„) ์ง„๋„๊ตฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” '์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์˜จ ๋‚˜๋ฐฐ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„๋กœ์™€ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค'๋ฉฐ '์ค‘ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋„-์กฐ๋„๊ฐ„ 1์ผ ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ์„ (์ด๋ฆ„)๊ณ  ์กฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋„ ๊ด€๊ด‘์˜ 1๋ฒˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–‰์ •๋ ฅ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.<์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž ยฉ ๋‰ด์Šค1์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ „์žฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€>
# ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด๋ก  Kaite Willis, <<Theories and Practices of Development>>, p.25
์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ,์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํƒœํ”„์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ์ž์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ์„ฑ์Œ ใ„น ๋‹ค์Œ์— ใ……์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ดˆ ์˜์‹์„ ๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ์ž ์žฌ์˜์‹์˜ ์†๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋งŒ์„ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๋‹คํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดˆ ์˜์‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ž ์žฌ์˜์‹์ด โ€˜์œ„ํ—˜โ€™์œผ ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
(์„œ์šธ=๋‰ด์Šค1) (์ด๋ฆ„) ๊ธฐ์ž = 6ยท25์ „์Ÿ์˜ ํŒ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ถ€๋™ ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ์˜์›…์ธ ๊น€์ ๊ณค ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ ์œก๊ตฐ์†Œ์žฅ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 28์ผ ๋…ธํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ„์„ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œก๊ตฐ์ด 30์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.ํ–ฅ๋…„ 91์„ธ. ๋นˆ์†Œ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์•„์‚ฐ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋งˆ๋ จ๋๋‹ค.์œก๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ ์ธ์˜ ์—…์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ ค '์œก๊ตฐ์žฅ'์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก๊ตฐ์ฐธ๋ชจ์ด์žฅ์„ ์žฅ์˜์œ„์›์žฅ์œผ๋กœ 10์›” 2์ผ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€์ „ํ˜„์ถฉ์›์—์„œ ์˜๊ฒฐ์‹๊ณผ ์•ˆ์žฅ์‹์ด ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค.๊ณ ์ธ์€ ์œก์‚ฌ 1๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž„๊ด€ํ•ด 1์‚ฌ๋‹จ 12์—ฐ๋Œ€์žฅ, 9์‚ฌ๋‹จ์žฅ, 1์•ผ์ „๊ตฐ ์ฐธ๋ชจ์žฅ, ์œก๊ตฐ๋ณธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ตญ์žฅ, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ ์ฐจ๊ด€๋ณด ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ญ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.6ยท25 ์ „์Ÿ ๋•Œ 1์‚ฌ๋‹จ 12์—ฐ๋Œ€์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ง ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ถ€๋™ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ™œ์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚™๋™๊ฐ• ์ „์„ ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง„๊ฒฉํ•ด ๋งฅ์•„๋” ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ธ์ฒœ์ƒ๋ฅ™์ž‘์ „์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋‹ค.์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚œ ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ๋นจ์น˜์‚ฐ ํ† ๋ฒŒ, 2๊ตฐ๋‹จ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์„ค, 1์•ผ์ „๊ตฐ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€(์ด๋ฆ„)๊ณผ ์œก๊ตฐ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธ์šด ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•„ ํƒœ๊ทน๋ฌด๊ณต ํ›ˆ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๋กฏ ํ™”๋ž‘ยท์ถฉ๋ฌดยท์„์ง€ ๋ฌด๊ณตํ›ˆ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.1962๋…„ ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ ์œก๊ตฐ์†Œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝํฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ถ€์ด์žฅ์„ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋‚ด๊ฑด '์•ˆ๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ' ์†Œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ํ‰ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์›์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค.2004๋…„์—๋Š” (์ด๋ฆ„) ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น, ๆ•… (์ด๋ฆ„) (์ด๋ฆ„)์˜์› ์ด์‚ฌ์žฅ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์ •๋œ '์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์œก์‚ฌ์ธ'์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . <์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ž ยฉ ๋‰ด์Šค1์ฝ”๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ „์žฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€>
ํ•™์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์€ 10์›” 16์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ ์ยท๋ฉด์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด์œกํŒ€(061-530-5724)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ•ด๋‚จ๊ตฐ์€ ์…‹์งธ์•„ ์ด์ƒ ๋‹ค์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜, ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋ณต๋น„, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ตยท๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ž๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋‘˜์งธ์•„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€ ๊ตฌ์ž…๋น„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” โ€œ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์–‘์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์„ ์…‹์งธ ์ž๋…€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ โ€œ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ตฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์–‘์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์šฐ์Šน 7ํšŒ ๋ฌธํ˜ธ์ค€, ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ค€์šฐ์Šน ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋Œ€์›…, ์›๋…„๋ฉค๋ฒ„ ์žฅ์ง„ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์„์ธ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ธ๋””๊ณ  ํŒ€์— ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
1936๋…„
๋ฐœ๊ฟˆ์น˜ ์กฐ์ฒด๋ฒ•์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ํ•˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์œจํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค.
์ œ๋‚˜์•ผ, ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์“ธ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค๋ผ.
๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ž์›์žฅ๊ธฐ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ 30๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฉ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ์—”์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž์› ์ด๋Ÿ‰์ด, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 1,700๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ž๊ณผ ๋’ค์˜ '๋ฌผ ๋ถ€์กฑ'์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
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๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜์ฃผ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋นŒ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๋‘˜๋‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋œ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด์™€ ํ•„๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด์˜ ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ์™€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์นจ๋ก€๊ต์™€ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€ 4๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— ์‹œ๋ชจ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ชจ ์Šน์ฒœ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž์ด์ž ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ David Roberts์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ - ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ๋‹ค David Roberts๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ €์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts๋Š” "๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ๋งŒ์กฑ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ  (69 ์„ธ)๋Š” ๋…ผํ”ฝ์…˜ ์ฑ… 25 ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ €์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ, ์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์— ํ˜ผ์ž, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€ Douglas Mawson์ด 1913 ๋…„ ๋‚จ๊ทน ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™ ํƒํ—˜์„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mawson์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ทน๊ณผ Earnest Shackleton์˜ ๋‚จ๊ทน ํƒํ—˜์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ํŒ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—…์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1960 ๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1970 ๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ 13 ๋…„ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๋ฃจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋งคํ‚จ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ์˜ ์œ„ ์ปค์ƒด ๋ฒฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๋กœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ์€ Roberts์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ถœํŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "[์ž‘๋ฌธ์˜] ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ €์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์บ์ฃผ์–ผ ํ•œ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ๋ณต์žฅ (์นดํ‚ค์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€, ํ”Œ๋ž€๋„ฌ ์…”์ธ  ๋˜๋Š” ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ  ์œ„์— ๋˜์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์žฌํ‚ท)์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด Roberts๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฐฉ๊ฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ฐœ์€ ์งง๊ณ  ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” 5 ๋ถ„ 10 ์ดˆ"์ด๊ณ  ๋ชธ๋งค๋Š” ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชธ๋งค๊ฐ€ ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ฐ€์˜ ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ๋ณผ๋”์˜ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ๋ฒจ ์• ๋น„๋‰ด์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด ์ƒค๋ก ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ  ์ฃผ ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™ˆ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ ˆํฌ๋ฆฌ์—์ด์…˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜, ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ๋ฐ ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณจํ”„์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์—๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ธ๋‚ด์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  Roberts๋Š” ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 36 ์„ธ์— Roberts๋Š” ์ „์ž„ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ # 1 ์ง์—… ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” Brooklyn Dodgers์˜ ์งง์€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์ด๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ "4 ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์งง์€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ Roberts๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์™€ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์˜๊ฐ์€ ๋‚ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์˜ ์‚ฐ, 1965 ๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— Don Jensen, Matt Hale, Ed Bernd์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4 ์ธ์กฐ๋Š” ํ›„์ง€์‚ฐ์˜ ์„œ์ชฝ๋ฉด์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์˜ ํ—ŒํŒ…ํ„ด. ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ ๋ก์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Šฅ์„ ์—์„œ. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ธ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ 22 ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” Harvard University์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  Harvard Mountaineering Club์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์ง€์‚ฐ์˜ ์„œ์ชฝ ์–ผ๊ตด. ํ—ŒํŒ…ํ„ด์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฃจํŠธ ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜๊ฐ• ์ค‘ ์—๋“œ ๋ฒˆ๋“œ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒˆ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜์ž 4,000 ํ”ผํŠธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์„ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋งค๋จธ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์—์„œ ์„œ๋ช… ํ•œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ "์—๋“œ๋ฅผ ์›์ •๋Œ€์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ›„ Bernd์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—„์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts๋Š” Ed๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๊ด‘ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  Ed์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ "22 ์„ธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ŒํŒ…ํ„ด ์›์ •๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ 15 ๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” "์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„"์„ ์ผ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์žก์ง€ (1980 ๋…„ 12 ์›”). ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•„์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” "๋ณด๋ฅ˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€"์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ Roberts๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋ฉด ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์•—์•„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์„๊ณ  ๊ทผ์‹œ์•ˆ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„"์€ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถœํŒ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž ์ธ John Rasmus์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๋ณด๋ฅ˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€"์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์•ผ์™ธ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋‹น์‹œ. Rasmus๋Š”"์‚ฐ์•… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ , ์‹ค์กด ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐœ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "Moments of Doubt"๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ถœํŒ ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜ Rasmus์™€ Roberts๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž-์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€, ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ฐ€, ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ €๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„. "๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์งํ•จ, ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ ํ…”๋ง ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  Rasmus๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rasmus์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Roberts๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ"์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ"๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Hampshire College์—์„œ Roberts์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ Jon Krakauer์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ Roberts๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์— ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ณด๋„๋Š” ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์Šฌํ””์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Ed์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์•ผ๋งŒ์  ์ธ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."Roberts๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์Šฌํ””์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Roberts๋Š” ์†”์งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ "์ƒ์•„ํƒ‘ ๋ฒ„์ „"์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €์ž์ด์ž ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ Greg Child์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด David๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ธ "์‚ฌ๋งˆ๊ท€์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ"์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "David๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ •๋งฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  Child๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Roberts๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” Ed Bernd์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žก์ง€์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜ ์œผ๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋„๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ "๋น„๊ณต์‹"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ Roberts๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ •์งํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ํ˜นํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?" ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•ฝํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฐฉํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ณด๊ธฐ: bnt ์˜์ƒ ๊น€๊ถŒ ํ™”๋ณด ์˜์ƒ Copyright ยฉ jorgemolder.com | ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž์ด์ž ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ David Roberts์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„...
2010.07 ~ 2012.07 ์ œ6๋Œ€ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋ถ๋„ ์ฒญ์›๊ตฐ์˜ํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์šด์˜์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์›์žฅ
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋œ ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐœ๊ณ ๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์™ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ˆซ์ž ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์—์„œ ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฐ์•…์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์„ ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฐœ๋ฉด์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€(๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด: ฮ’ฯ…ฮถฮฌฮฝฯ„ฮนฮฟฮฝ ๋ท”์ž”ํ‹ฐ์˜จ, ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์˜จ[*], ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด: Byzantium ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€[*])์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 667๋…„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์™• ๋ท”์ž์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ๋ท”์ž”ํƒ€์Šค(๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด: ฮ’ฯฮถฮฑฯ‚ ๋˜๋Š” ฮ’ฯฮถฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯ‚)์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด์‹ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ธ โ€œ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€(Byzantium)โ€์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„๋Œ€์— ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฉธ๋งํ•œ ๋’ค ํˆฌ๋ฅดํฌ์˜ ์ˆ ํƒ„ ๋ฉ”ํ๋ฉ”ํŠธ 2์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 667๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ ต์— ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€๋ผ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์™• โ€˜๋ท”์ž”ํƒ€์Šคโ€™๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ โ€˜๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ํŠธ๋ผํ‚ค์•„ ์ธ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „์„ค์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 5์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค-ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ์ „์Ÿ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ์ œ๊ตญ ์•„์ผ€๋ฉ”๋„ค์Šค ์™•์กฐ์— ๋ณต์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 478๋…„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ตฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€ ๊ณต์„ฑ์ „ (๊ธฐ์›์ „ 478๋…„)์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๋ฝ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ์†๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 357๋…„์— ๋ฐ˜๋ž€(๋™๋งน์‹œ ์ „์Ÿ)์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์น˜๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.[1] ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 4์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ผ€๋„๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ํ•„๋ฆฌํฌ์Šค 2์„ธ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ผํ‚ค์•„ ์ผ๋Œ€์— ์ ๋ นํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 340๋…„์— ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์™€ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์›๊ตฐ์„ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งˆ์ผ€๋„๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉํ‡ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 196๋…„ ๋กœ๋งˆ ํ™ฉ์ œ ์…‰ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ์šฐ์Šค ์„ธ๋ฒ ๋ฃจ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๋˜ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง•๋ฒŒ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์— ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํ”Œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒฝ๋งˆ์žฅ(ํžˆํฌ๋“œ๋กฌ)๋„ ์ด๋•Œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋กœ๋งˆ ํ™ฉ์ œ ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค 1์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€์ด ๋™์„œ๋‚จ๋ถ ๊ตํ†ต๋กœ์˜ ์š”์ถฉ์ง€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์˜ ์–‘ํ•ญ ๊ธˆ๊ฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ 330๋…„์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ฒœ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋„์— ๊ฑธ ๋งž๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค๋Š” ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€์„ โ€˜๋…ธ์™€ ๋กœ๋งˆโ€™(โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋กœ๋งˆโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป)๋กœ ๊ฐœ์นญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํ”Œ(์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋ˆ„์Šค์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป)๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„๋กœ ํ•œ ๋™๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์€ ํ›„์„ธ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์˜› ์นญํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ โ€˜๋น„์ž”ํ‹ด ์ œ๊ตญโ€™ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋™๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฉธ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋„๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ค‘์„ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋ฌธํ™”, ์ข…๊ต์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋„์‹œโ€™๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. 1453๋…„์— ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํ”Œ์„ ํ•จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ปค๋ฒ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ โ€˜์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ฐ์›€๊ณผ ์ฝ˜์Šคํƒ„ํ‹ฐ๋…ธํ”Œ์˜ ํ›„์‹ ์ธ ์ด์Šคํƒ„๋ถˆ์€ ์†์† ๊ต์™ธ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฉธ๋ง ํ›„์—๋„ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ 1000๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Read through the entire list before deciding how your wastes should be identified. If you have any questions, contact the Chemistry Department Storeroom Manager at 253.879.3350, or go to Storeroom Manager's office in Thompson 308A. Your Objective: To know which chemicals you're using are hazardous, and therefore regulated. Most likely what you are using in the laboratory is regulated in some way. Since, you have already looked up the hazards for your chemicals in the planning stages of your experiment or project, this should be easy because all you need is a "yes" or "no" answer to the following questions and criteria. A "yes" to any part of it means it is regulated. The P-listed Hazardous Wastes are the most important to separate from the rest of your wastes. These regulated chemicals must be collected and disposed of and not put into the trash or down the drain. For right now, you only have to know if they are hazardous in some way, and if they are, you must label, collect, store, and dispose of them correctly and safely. Later as you generate them, you will be segregating them according to the Waste Segregation. 1. Is it on the P-Listed Regulated Materials List? Check to see if your reagents are on the "P-list" of Regulated Materials Washington State Ecology and the EPA regulate these extremely hazardous wastes which are acutely toxic and/or reactive. We are limited to generating campus wide no more than 1 kg of waste per month ten times a year. Do not mix these chemicals with other wastes, even minute quantities, or else the whole container becomes a "P"-listed material! Check for P-Listed chemicals arranged by CAS Number or alphabetically. 2. Is it on the D-Listed Regulated Materials List? Check to see if your reagents are on the "D-list" of Regulated Materials Washington State Ecology and the EPA regulate these extremely hazardous wastes which are acutely toxic. We are limited to generating campus wide no more than 100 kg of waste per month ten times a year. Check for D-Listed chemicals arranged by CAS Number or alphabetically. 3. Is it Halogenated? Halogenated Hydrocarbons (HH's) The HH's are any organic compound containing one of more atom of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or, iodine, but not inorganic salts. The HH's are not regulated if the total concentration of all HH's is less than 0.01%. Any other concentrations are regulated. 4. Is it Toxic? The reagents you use are also categorized by the Washington State Department of Ecology (WDOE) by their toxicity. There are various catagories, but the bottom line is: if the LD50 Oral Rat is less then 5,000mg/kg, then it is toxic โ€” you must treat it as a hazardous waste. If you can not find an LD50 Oral Rat, assume it is toxic. For solutions and mixtures, it is more complicated. When you dissolve or mix your reagents, the toxicity changes. Please check the Toxic Category Table in WAC 173-303-100 for the EC value (Equivalent Concentration) to calculate this new toxicity value and whether it may be regulated or not. Remember to include both the solute and the solvent. 5. What does the vendor or manufacturer say about it? Use your information resources. What you are looking for in information on whether your reagents, products and by-products are: - Ignitable - combustible or flammable - Persistent - halogenated or an amromatic polycyclic organic For your reagents, just look on the bottles, the MSDS, or in the vendor's catalog. Some catalogs will give the DOT hazard class, and Sigma-Aldrich's catalog will give other hazards. You can also look under the same references for your product or by-products below. For your products & by-products, it is a little more difficult. Look in: Safety Manuals and Books such as: The Merck Index Sax's Dangerous Properties of Inductrial Materials Sigma-Aldrich's Library of Chemical Safety Data NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances 6. Is it on the U-Listed Regulated Materials List? Check to see if your reagents are a Regulated Material โ€” the "U-list" Washington State Ecology and the EPA regulate these hazardous wastes which are toxic, ignitable, corrosive, and/or reactive. We are limited to generating campus wide no more than 100 kg of waste per month ten times a year. Check for U-Listed chemicals arranged by CAS Number or alphabetically. 7. Will you be using solvents? Halogenated Organic Solvent Wastes Included are: dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and any organic compounds that are bromonated, chlorinated, fluorinated, or iodated. (Never acidify halogenated solvents!) Aliphatic Organic Solvent Wastes <10% water Included in this group would be methanol, ethanol, propanol, diethyl ether, pet ether, ligroine, acetonitrile, pentane, hexane, heptane, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylforamide, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The acetone you use to wash and dry your glassware can be redistilled and recovered for use again. Keep this type of waste (washing and drying acetone) separate from reaction wastes. You must keep the same detailed records of what is in the acetone so that we can determine if it is suitable for reclamation by distillation. Peroxide-Forming Solvent Wastes Solvents capable of forming peroxides should be separated from other wastes and tested for peroxides weekly. Peroxides are highly explosive compounds sensitive to heat, friction, impact, and light. They form when stored for a month or longer regardless if exposed to air or not. This category includes: tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, cyclohexene, p-dioxane, and diisopropyl ether. Keep formaldehyde solutions separated from your other wastes. We must ship formaldehyde wastes off campus for incineration. 8. Does your waste contain Mercury, Lead, Silver, Arsenic or Osmium compounds, aqueous solutions, or the elemental form? Please keep dry solids separated from solutions. A mercury concentration greater than or equal to 0.2 mg/L is designated as hazardous waste. A lead concentration greater than or equal to 5.0 mg/L is designated as hazardous waste. A silver concentration greater than or equal to 5.0 mg/L is designated as hazardous waste. An arsenic concentration greater than or equal to 5.0 mg/L is designated as hazardous waste. All concentrations of Osmium are designated as hazardous waste. 9. Does it contain other metal compounds and aqueous wastes? For some specific metals, concentrations greater than or equal to the following limits are designated as hazardous waste: Barium = 100 mg/L, Cadmium = 1.0 mg/L, Chromium = 5.0 mg/L, and Selenium = 1.0 mg/L. For other metals, like Nickel Copper or Tin, etc. Check the Toxic Category Table in WAC 173-303-100 for the EC value (Equivalent Concentration). Please keep dry solids separated from solutions. All anions of these metal compounds are accepted with the exception of sulfide. These will go to a metals recovery facility and smelted. 10. What is the pH? Note: what is dissolved in it, and is it regulated? Any liquid with a pH less than must be designated as a hazardous waste. We are permitted to neutralize acidic solutions to a pH range between 5 and 9. This applies to these common lab acids only: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. Any liquid with a pH greater than 9 must be designated as a hazardous waste. We are permitted to neutralize basic solutions to a pH range between 5 and 9. This applies to common lab bases only: potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide. 11. Will you be using Filtering Aids? Agents that are used for filtering such as, Silica Gel, Sand, Celite, and Diatomaceous Earth, are to be treated as a hazardous material since it is contaminated with chemical products and by-products. Label it with all the hazard warnings as if it was reactants and products and by-products. 12. Will you be using Azide, Cyanide, Sulfide compounds and solutions? Azide compounds and solutions Sodium azide is a "P-listed" hazardous waste and is regulated โ€” we are limited to 1 kg per month for all "P-listed" chemicals campus wide. Azides are also highly explosive, especially if they are allowed to react with metals. Please keep dry solids separated from solutions. Azide wastes must be shipped off campus for special treatment. Solutions less than 10% are accepted โ€” solutions greater than 10% are refused by the waste treatment facility. Cyanide compounds and solutions Sodium and potassium cyanide are "P-listed" hazardous wastes and are regulated โ€” we are limited to 1 kg per month for all "P" listed chemicals campus wide. Please keep dry solids separated from solutions. Cyanide wastes must be shipped off campus for special treatment. Never acidify cyanide solutions! Sulfide compounds and solutions Please keep dry solids separated from solutions. Sulfide wastes must be separated from your other wastes. 13. Is it an Aromatic Polycyclic Organic wastes? Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH's are organic compounds composed of two or more benzene rings, which include anthracene, naphthalene, pyrene, etc. The PAH is not regulated if it is less than 1.0%. All PAH's greater than 1.0% are designated as an "extremely hazardous waste" and are regulated. Other Chemical Wastes If your waste does not fit into any of the above categories, contact the chemistry storeroom manager. Either your waste is not regulated, or there are special regulations for it โ€” the storeroom manager will help you determine this. If you are finished with your project, see this section for information on what to do with your left over reagents. If you empty a bottle of reagent, see this section for what to do next. With the exception of soap, sugar, and other household products and some biochemicals, most of your reagents, products and by-products will fit into one of the above catagories. Remember, we are only looking to determine whether your reagents, products and by-products are hazardous โ€” a "yes" or "no" answer... If you answered "yes" to one or more of the above โ€” it is regulated and you must label, collect, store, and dispose of them correctly and safely.
Established in 1794, the Pioneer Cemetery, located in French Village, is the earliest documented burial ground on St. Margaret's Bay. The majority of the Bay's residents were Foreign Protestants, from the Lunenburg area, invited by the Governor of Nova Scotia, John Parr, in the early 1780s, to take up lands not settled by the original grantees. The land for the cemetery was originally purchased for 6 Pounds Sterling by local residents from James Boutilier, yeoman, and his wife Susanne Elizabeth Marriot. The property was conveyed to : John Andrews, David Jr., Jacques, James, James Frederick, John, John James, Frederick and George Boutilier; Christopher, John Christopher, George and Joseph Dauphinee; James and George Jollimore/Jollymore; Robert Keddy; Henry Lewis; Peter Marriott, and George Mason. Although St. Paul's Church used the cemetery until 1849, the site was never actually deeded to the Parish, and was used by people as far away as Dover and the north and western shores of St. Margaret's Bay. There are very few headstones in the cemetery and most of the grace markers are ordinary fieldstones; many of which are missing. No church or burial records prior to 1834 exist. Burials are believed to have filled the site and may have even exceeded its boundaries. From the research of wills, deeds, probate papers and inventories of estates, a list of names of those interred perhaps prior to 1834 has been compiled. This list also includes 1834-1964 burials from church records.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๊พธ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰๋™์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ น ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ง‘์–ด๋‚ด์–ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
์ „๋ผ๋‚จ๋„๋Š” 10์ผ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ ์—‘์Šคํฌํ•ญ ์ผ์›์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ์ž์› ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์–ด์—…์งˆ์„œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„์„  2์ฒ™์˜ ์ทจํ•ญ์‹์„ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.. . ์ทจํ•ญ์‹์—๋Š” (์ด๋ฆ„) ์ „๋‚จ๋„์ง€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋„์˜์›, ์—ฌ์ˆ˜์‹œ์žฅ, ๋‚จํ•ด์–ด์—…๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‹จ์žฅ, ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ํ•ด๊ฒฝ์„œ์žฅ, ๊ด€๋‚ด ์ˆ˜ํ˜‘์กฐํ•ฉ์žฅ ๋“ฑ ํ•ด์–‘์ˆ˜์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ๋“ฑ 80์—ฌ ๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ์ž์›๊ณผ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ (์ด๋ฆ„) ๋„์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช…๋ช…ํŒจ ์ „๋‹ฌ, ๊ฑด์กฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ๊ฐ์‚ฌํŒจ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์ทจํ•ญ ๊ธฐ๋… ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ์ปคํŒ…์‹, ์ „๋‚จ210ํ˜ธ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„์„  ๊ด€๋žŒ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋๋‹ค.. . ๊ณต์‹ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ํ•ด์—ญ์„ ์ˆœ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ์ž์› ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ์–ด์—…์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ์ต ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์ƒ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค.. . (์ด๋ฆ„) ๋„์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š” '์–ด์—…์ง€๋„์„ ์ด ์ „๋‚จ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊พผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–ด์—…์ธ์˜ ๋“ ๋“ ํ•œ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ฃผ๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ฉฐ '์ทจํ•ญ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์„  ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ธ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธธ ์†Œ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ์ด๋‚  ์ฒซ ์ทจํ•ญํ•œ ์ „๋‚จ204ํ˜ธ(118ํ†ค)์™€ ์ „๋‚จ210ํ˜ธ(136ํ†ค)๋Š” ์„ ๋ น 26๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธํ›„ํ•œ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„์„ (33ํ†ค, 60ํ†ค)์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2019๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 150์–ต ์›์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๊ฑด์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์–ด์—… ์ง€๋„ยท๋‹จ์†, ์—ฐ๊ทผํ•ด์–ด์„  ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์—…์ง€๋„, ํ•ด๋‚œ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘, ์ ์กฐ ์˜ˆ์ฐฐ ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„๋ฌด์— ๋‚˜์„ ๋‹ค.. . ์‹ ๊ทœ ์–ด์—…์ง€๋„์„  2์ฒ™์˜ ์„ ์ฒด ํ•˜๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ , ์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ๋ณต์›์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•๋ณดํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์›Œํ„ฐ์ œํŠธ ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋ ฅ 25๋…ธํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šดํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.. . ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ•ญํ•ดยทํ†ต์‹ ์žฅ๋น„, ์ฃผ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์กฐ์—…์–ด์„  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ ์™ธ์„ ยท์—ดํ™”์ƒ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ฐ 8.5m๊ธ‰ ๊ณ ์†๋‹จ์ •(์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋ ฅ 45๋…ธํŠธ)์„ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด ๋Œ€์‘์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์•….
์„ธ์ƒ๋ง›์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘๋“ฏ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋“  ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋˜๋“  ์„ธํƒœ์— ๋ชธ์„ ๋งก๊ฒจ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ˆˆ๋œจ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์‹ซ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ๋„๋•์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒด์˜จ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฒด์˜จ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„ค์ด๋””์–ด()๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒด์˜จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ, ์กธ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์šธ ๋•Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.
ใ€ํŒŒ์ฃผยท์„œ์šธ=๋‰ด์‹œ์Šคใ€‘ํ†ต์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋™์ทจ์žฌ๋‹จยท(์ด๋ฆ„) ๊ธฐ์ž = ํ‰์ฐฝ ํŒจ๋Ÿด๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๋ถํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ์ด 15์ผ ์„œํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์œก๋กœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด๋‚  ์˜คํ›„ 1์‹œ28๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋‚จ๋ถ์ถœ์ž…์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ(ciq)์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ์€ ์ถœ๊ฒฝ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ์€ ๋’ค ์˜คํ›„ 1์‹œ50๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„ (mdl)์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ์€ ์–ผ๊ตด๋กœ ciq์— ๋‚ด๋ ธ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์ทจ์žฌ์ง„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ, ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. (์ด๋ฆ„) ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ๋ถํ•œ ํŒจ๋Ÿด๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 7์ผ ์„œํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์œก๋กœ๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ธ์› 24๋ช… ์ค‘ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 6๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์œ ์ฒ ๊ณผ ๊น€(์ด๋ฆ„) ํฌ๋กœ์Šค์ปจํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ข…๋ชฉ์— ์ถœ์ „ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2009๋…„์ƒ (์ด๋ฆ„) ๋“ฑ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 4๋ช…์€ ์ฐธ๊ด€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. jikime@(์ด๋ฉ”์ผ)<์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์žโ“’ ๊ณต๊ฐ์–ธ๋ก  ๋‰ด์‹œ์Šคํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ. ๋ฌด๋‹จ์ „์žฌ-์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ ๊ธˆ์ง€.>
Americaโ€™s military has taken a number of steps towards alternative energy and an energy-independent future, but military operations still require the transportation and distribution of other resources as well โ€“ namely: water. Water is heavy, requires tons of specialized equipment to transport, and is absolutely mission-critical. A new process, however, aims to โ€œlighten the loadโ€ of military water transport by extracting drinkable water from the same diesel fuel used to run helicopters, tanks, and generators. This process โ€“ being developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory โ€“ captures water from burning diesel fuel, and is efficient enoughto theoretically produce 1 gallon of water from 1 gallon of diesel. The process also removes a number of contaminant particles, allowing for up to 85 % of that water to be drinkable. The โ€œtrickโ€ behind the innovative process is an inorganic membrane that uses capillary action to condense water from the diesel enginesโ€™ exhaust. As the exhaust runs through a series of ceramic tubes, pores sin the tubes absorb the water vapor, which passes through to the other side. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is pushing for full-scale development of its system within the next few years, at a cost of just 6 million USD. If the process works at โ€œfull scaleโ€, it may also help bring drinkable water to developing nations and help aid disaster relief efforts, like those currently underway in Japan. Source: Popular Science. I've been working in motorsports and tuning since 1997, with some the biggest names in the business. In 2008, the work we did on a hybrid/EV concept car attracted the attention of Gas 2 editors, and they invited me to join the team. I couldn't resist!
// ํƒœ๊ทธ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ function setTags() { if(!$F('tag')) { alert('ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.'); $('tag').focus(); return false; } var url = "/news/tag.asp"; var pars = "mode=setฮฝm=22305&tag="+ $F('tag'); //window.open(url+"?"+pars); return false; // debug new Ajax.Request(url, { method: 'get', parameters: pars, onLoading: function(request) { $('divSetTags').startWaiting(); }, onComplete: function(request) { $('divSetTags').stopWaiting(); }, onSuccess: function(reqResult, json) { var json = reqResult.responseText.evalJSON(); switch(json.code) { case '1': $('tag').clear(); pars = "num=22305"; new Ajax.Updater('tags', url, { method:'get', parameters:pars, onFailure:function() { alert('Error on tags reloading.'); } }); tab_tag.show(1); break; default : alert(json.msg); break; } }, onFailure: function() { alert('Error on tags insert.'); } }); } // ํƒœ๊ทธ ์‚ญ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ function delTag(tag) { var url = "/news/tag.asp"; var pars = "mode=delฮฝm=22305&tag="+ tag; new Ajax.Request(url, { method: 'get', parameters: pars, onLoading: function(request) { $('tags').startWaiting(); }, onComplete: function(request) { $('tags').stopWaiting(); }, onSuccess: function(reqResult, json) { var json = reqResult.responseText.evalJSON(); switch(json.code) { case '1': pars = "num=22305"; new Ajax.Updater('tags', url, { method:'get', parameters:pars, onComplete: function(request) { $('tags').stopWaiting(); }, onFailure:function() { alert('Error on tags reloading.'); } }); break; default : alert(json.msg); break; } }, onFailure: function() { alert('Error on tags delete.'); } }); } // ๋‰ด์Šค ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋กœ๋”ฉ function news_comment() { $j('#comment_container').load('comment.ajax.asp?num=22305&useVoteRealName=False'); } function facebook_share(){ var share = { method: 'stream.share', u: '' }; FB.ui(share, function(response) { console.log(response); }); } // ์ด ๊ธ€์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๋™์˜์ƒ๋“ค ๋กœ๋”ฉ function load_this_news_video(num) { $j('#news_videos').load("video.ajax.asp?num="+ num); } // ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ $j(document).ready(function() { /* var photo = document.getElementsByName("photo"); // ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ var newWidth = 550; for(i=0; i newWidth) { // div overflow:auto ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•จ. //objP.setStyle({ width:newWidth + 60, height:obj.height + 20 }).insert(" ", { position:after }); // ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์กฐ์ ˆ obj.setStyle({ width:newWidth, height: Math.round(newWidth * obj.getHeight() / obj.getWidth()) });//.writeAttribute('title', 'ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'); // ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋„์šฐ๊ธฐ /*var anc = document.createElement('a'); anc.setAttribute("href", obj.src); anc.setAttribute("rel", 'lightbox'); anc.setAttribute("title", obj.alt); obj.parentNode.insertBefore(anc, obj); anc.appendChild(obj);*/ /* } }*/ // ํƒœ๊ทธ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ํด๋ฆญ // $j('#btnSetTags').on('click', setTags); // ๋‰ด์Šค ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋กœ๋”ฉ news_comment(); // ์ด ๊ธ€์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๋™์˜์ƒ๋“ค ๋กœ๋”ฉ load_this_news_video(22305); }); //]]> ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„, ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€โ€ฆ์œ ๊ด€์ˆœยท๊น€๋งŒ๋•ยทํ—ˆ๋‚œ์„คํ—Œ ์ฃผ์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœํ–‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์ค‘์ธ 10๋งŒ์›๊ถŒ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ™”ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํŒฝํŒฝํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ์— ์„ฐ๋‹ค. โ–ถ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ์†Œ์† ํšŒ์› 30์—ฌ ๋ช…์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 22์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ–‰๋  ๊ณ ์•ก๊ถŒ ํ™”ํ์— ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์˜ ์˜์ •์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‘ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜„๋ชจ์–‘์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ก๊ถŒ ํ™”ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„  ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„ฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ. ์ด๋Š” '์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๋ถ„๋ชจ์— '์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ธ์‹'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ '์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€'ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ง„๋ณด์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ํ™”ํ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ ์„ ์ • ์ž‘์—…์— ๋‚˜์„ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋‹จ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 22์ผ ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์šธ ๊ด‘ํ™”๋ฌธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰ ์•ž์—์„œ '์ƒˆ ํ™”ํ์— ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ์ž'๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‘ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ํ™”ํ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋ก  ํ™•์‚ฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰ ์ด์žฌ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ ํ™”ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ ์ด์ข…๋• ์‹ค์žฅ์€ "๋‚จ์„ฑ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ™”ํ ๋ฐœํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋„ ํ™”ํ์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์•„์‹คํ˜„๋„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ธ๋ฌผ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ผ์ƒ‰์ธ ํ™”ํ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง–์–ด ์˜จ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋‹จ๋ผ 'ํ˜„๋ชจ์–‘์ฒ˜'์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ผ์˜จ ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์€ ํ™”ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉ์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. '์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™”ํ์—! ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๋Œ€' ๊น€๊ฒฝ์• (๋™๋•์—ฌ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜) ํšŒ์žฅ์€ "๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๋งŒ ํ™”ํ์— ์ฐํžŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ƒ์ด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ฒซ ์ง€ํ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ง์‹ "์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ™”ํ๋ชจ๋ธ '์ง„๋ณด์—ฌ์„ฑ' ์ ํ•ฉ" ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด ํ™”ํ ์†์— ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•œ 'ํ™”ํ๊ฐœํ˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ'์ „์„ ์—ฐ ๋ฐ•์˜์ˆ™(์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ธฐํš ๊ณต๋™๋Œ€ํ‘œ) ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” "์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์นญ์†ก๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ์ธ๋ฌผ"์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ "๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์†์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„ ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” "์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์ฐฉ์˜ค"๋ผ๋ฉฐ "์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ง€ํ์—์„œ ๋ฐ•๊ทผํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™”ํ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ '์œ ๊ด€์ˆœ' 'ํ—ˆ๋‚œ์„คํ—Œ' '๊น€๋งŒ๋•''์ดํƒœ์˜' '์†Œํ˜„ ์„ธ์ž๋นˆ ๊ฐ•์”จ''๋ช…์„ฑํ™ฉํ›„''๋‚˜ํ˜œ์„''์„ ๋•์—ฌ์™•'๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ '์œ ๊ด€์ˆœ''ํ—ˆ๋‚œ์„คํ—Œ' '๊น€๋งŒ๋•'์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™”ํ์ธ๋ฌผ ์„ ์ •์—์„œ ์œจ๊ณกํ•™ํšŒ, ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ฃผ๋ถ€ํด๋Ÿฝ์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์‚ฌ์ž„๋‹น์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋ณด์  ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง ํ•ฉ์˜์ ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ธ๋ฌผ ์„ ์ • ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™”ํ์— ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณฝ๋ฐฐํฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ƒ๋‹ด์†Œ์žฅ, ์ •๊ฐ•์ž ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ฏผ์šฐํšŒ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ, ์ตœ์˜์•  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ๊ถŒ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ด์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์šด์˜์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ์‚ฌ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50๋ช…์”ฉ 100์ธ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” '์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™”ํ์— ์ถ”์ง„์œ„์›ํšŒ'์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊น€ ํšŒ์žฅ์€ ํ™”ํ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฌผ ์„ ์ •์—์„œ "์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ถ•์ด ๋ผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜, ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฌด"๋ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด ์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰์€ ํ™”ํ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ก ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, ์œ„์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‹ค.
โ€œํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ถœ์„ ์žฌํŒ์€ ์žฌ์‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์œ โ€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ๋ถˆ์ถœ์„ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ์‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์œ ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์ถœ์„ ์žฌํŒ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ถŒ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์žฌ์‹ฌ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ์ œ1๋ถ€(์ฃผ์‹ฌ ๊น€์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•๊ด€)๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์‚ฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ๋ฒ• ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋œ A์”จ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ง•์—ญ 1๋…„2๊ฐœ์›”์„ ์„ ๊ณ ํ•œ ์›์‹ฌ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํŒŒ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ์šธ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  21์ผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด A์”จ๋Š” 2010๋…„ 8์›” 30์ผ ์„œ์šธ ๊ธˆ์ฒœ๊ตฌ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์žฅ ๋‚ด์— โ€˜๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ด์•ผ๊ธฐโ€™ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ยท์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ „ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์žฌํŒ์— ๋„˜๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค. A์”จ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณตํŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์ถœ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1์‹ฌ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ์†๊ธฐ์†Œ๋œ A์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์†Œ์žฅ์ด ์†ก๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ž โ€˜์†Œ์†ก ์ด‰์ง„ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ก€๋ฒ•โ€™ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต์‹œ์†ก๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๊ณต์†Œ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ณธ๊ณผ ์†Œํ™˜์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋’ค A์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์ถœ์„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์žฌํŒ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ• ์ œ277์กฐ์˜2์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ ์—†์ด ์ถœ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ถ์„์žฌํŒ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹œ์†ก๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์นœ 1์‹ฌ ์žฌํŒ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ถ์„ ์žฌํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์œ ์ฃ„๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง•์—ญ 1๋…„2๊ฐœ์›”๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ ์ธก์ด ์–‘ํ˜•๋ถ€๋‹น์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ ํ•ญ์†Œ์‹ฌ์—๋„ A์”จ๋Š” ์ถœ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  2์‹ฌ ์žฌํŒ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•ญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ A์”จ๋Š” ๊ณต์†Œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์„ ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ถŒ ํšŒ๋ณต์ฒญ๊ตฌ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์€ A์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ƒ๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ถŒ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์žฌํŒ๋ถ€๋Š” โ€œํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ๊ท€์ฑ… ์‚ฌ์œ  ์—†์ด 1์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•ญ์†Œ์‹ฌ ๊ณตํŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์ถœ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ถŒ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ• ์ œ383์กฐ ์ œ3ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ณ  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ •ํ•œ โ€˜์žฌ์‹ฌ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•Œโ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๊ธฐ ํ™˜์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
There are 20 amino acids in total. Out of the 20 amino acids, 11 are non-essential, meaning your body can make them. The remaining nine must be derived from the food we consume on a daily basis. Similar to the alphabet, which can form a variety of long and short words, the different configurations of the amino acid structures are the building units for literally hundreds of protein varieties in the body. As a major constituent of the diet, protein serves as the foundations for health, repair and replenishment. Our muscles, skin, hair and connective tissue are all made up of protein. This essential macronutrient is also involved in many of the bodyโ€™s important chemical messengers such as enzymes, neurotransmitters and hormone function. How much protein is enough? In the athletic world, there is no greater debate than how much protein you require on a daily basis. There are a number of varying recommendations and calculations when it comes to how much protein you should be consuming. On closer inspection, the daily intake of protein depends on age and activity level. For example, weight trainers and teenagers require more protein than a sedentary individual. 1800 x 0.20 = 360 calories from protein Since 1 gram of protein = 4 calories, divide protein calories by 4 = 90 grams of protein daily Page 1 of 3
๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค(ๅ‰็”ฐๅˆฉ็›Š, ์ƒ๋ชฐ๋…„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ)๋Š” ์„ผ๊ณ ์ฟ  ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ง๊ธฐ ~ ์—๋„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ์ด์—(ๅ‰็”ฐๅˆฉๅฎถ)์˜ ์˜๋ถ“์กฐ์นด. ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋‹คํ‚ค๊ฐ€์™€ ์”จ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ์”จ์˜ ์–‘์ž๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹คํ‚ค๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ€์ฆˆ๋งˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค์ด ์œ ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€(ๅ‰็”ฐๆ…ถๆฌก)/๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋กœ(ๆ…ถๆฌก้ƒŽ)๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํƒ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ•๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋ฉ‹๋Œ€๋กœ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹œ(๋…ธ๋ž˜), ์•…๊ธฐ์—ฐ์ฃผ, ๊ฒ€๋ฌด, ๊ฒ€์ˆ ์„ ๋‘๋ฃจ๋‘๋ฃจ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‹ฌ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ '๊ฝƒํ”ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐจ', '์ฒœํ•˜์ œ์ผ์ฐฝ' ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณ„๋ช…์ด ๋ถ™์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์šฉ๋งน์ด ์ผ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ตญ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌํฌ(ๅ‘‚ๅธƒ)์™€ ๋น„๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ์ด์—์˜ ํ˜•์ธ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œํžˆ์‚ฌ์˜ ์–‘์ž๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹คํ…Œ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋„ค(ไผŠ้”ๆ”ฟๅฎ—)๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ต์šฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง€๋กœ(ๅฐๆฌก้ƒŽ)๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์„œ ์ฐธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ๊ต๋ถ„์„ ์Œ“์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ’๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ถ€์  ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ˆˆ์—ฌ๊ฒจ ๋ณธ ๋„์š”ํ† ๋ฏธ ํžˆ๋ฐ์š”์‹œ(่ฑ่‡ฃ็ง€ๅ‰)๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋๋‚ด ์ด ์˜์ž…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋ฌธ์ค‘์˜ ๋ฒˆ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ์ด์—๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ž ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ณ ์ฟ ๋‹ค์นด๋Š” 0์„์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ  ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ž„์ง„์™œ๋ž€์„ ์ „ํ›„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง‰์—ญํ•œ ์นœ์šฐ์ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค์— ๊ฐ€๋„ค์“ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ '๊ณ ์ฟ ์กฐ์ธ ์†Œ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์—์Šค๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์นด์“ฐ(ไธŠๆ‰ๆ™ฏๅ‹)์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํ‚ค๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ผ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ž ์šฐ์—์Šค๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์นด์“ฐ๋Š” ์„œ๊ตฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์„œ๊ตฐ์ด ํŒจ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ž ์šฐ์—์Šค๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์นด์“ฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๊ตฐ์˜ ๋งน์ฃผ์ธ ๋„์ฟ ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด์—์•ผ์Šค(ๅพทๅทๅฎถๅบท)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ด‰์ง€(ๅฐๅœฐ)๋ฅผ ์‚ญ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์€๋‘”์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ฒœํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋’ค์—Ž์„ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ถ€์  ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€๋…”์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•์‹ฌ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์—๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด๋ฌ˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํƒ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋“  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '์นœ๊ตฌ'์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉํƒ“์— ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๋ฒˆ์ฃผ ๋‹คํ…Œ ๋งˆ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋„ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉด์ „์—์„œ ๊พธ์ง–๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์š”ํ† ๋ฏธ ํžˆ๋ฐ์š”์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ์ผ๋‚  ๋„์š”ํ† ๋ฏธ ํžˆ๋ฐ์š”์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์›์ˆญ์ด์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Ÿฌ ์˜จ ๊ตฌ๋…ธ์ด์น˜๋ฅผ ๊พ€์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ใ€ˆ้ˆดๆ‡ธใฎๆœจใฎ้“ใงใ€Œๅ›ใฎๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใฟใ‚’ๅคขใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅƒ•ใŸใกใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏใฉใ†ๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใฎใ‹ใ€ๅƒ•ใชใ‚Šใซไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‹่€ƒใˆใŸไธŠใงใฎใ‚„ใ‚„ๆฐ—ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„็ต่ซ–ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ ํ”Œ๋ผํƒ€๋„ˆ์Šค ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์—์„œ ใ€Œ๋„ค ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ์— ๋‚˜์™”์–ดใ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ, ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ ํ›„์˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผใ€‰์— ์ˆ˜๋ก
ํด๋ฝ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ | AirAsia ํด๋ฝ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ ์—์–ด์•„์‹œ์•„ > ์•„์‹œ์•„ > ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€ > ๋งˆ๋‹๋ผ > ํด๋ฝ > ๋””์˜ค์Šค๋‹ค๋„ ๋งˆ์นดํŒŒ๊ฐˆ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณตํ•ญ > CRK - CEB ํด๋ฝ ๋ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰ ํ–‰ ํŠน๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํžˆ ๋– ๋‚˜์„ธ์š” ํด๋ฝ ๋ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰ ํŠน๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์ด ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋„“๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—์–ด์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ”์™”๋˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CRK๋ฐœ CEB ํ–‰ ํŠน๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ ๋‹จ๋… ํ˜œํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํด๋ฆญ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ํด๋ฝ (CRK)ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” ํด๋ฝ ๋ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋†’์—ฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—์–ด์•„์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ (CEB), ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์˜ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€๋ฐœ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ทจํ•ญ์ง€ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.. ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์—์–ด์•„์‹œ์•„ ํด๋ฝ ๋ฐœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์—ฌ์ • ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ป˜ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ํด๋ฝ ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ (์œผ)๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•ˆ ํž ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด์ž ์–ด๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ•์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•„๊ธฐ ๋…ธํŠธ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์•ฝ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ธ 2 ์•„ํ‹ฐ๋ฐ˜, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์นจ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„๋ฃŒ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ผ์›Œ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
. . ๋ถ€์ฒœfc๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 2014๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2์‹œ์ฆŒ ๋™์•ˆ ํ™œ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ˆ˜ ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (30)๋ฅผ ์žฌ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ๋ถ€์ฒœfc๋Š” 18์ผ '์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ํ•ด์ง€ ํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํŒ€ ํ†ต์‚ฐ ์ตœ๋‹ค๊ณจ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ (rodrigo domingos dos santos)๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ๋ถ€์ฒœfc1995๊ฐ€ ์˜์ž…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜€๋˜ ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” 2014โˆผ2015 2์‹œ์ฆŒ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ€์ฒœ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ํ†ต์‚ฐ 71๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ 24๋“์  6๋„์›€์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋‹ค. . . ์ดํ›„ ๋ถ€์ฒœ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ณธ j2๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌํ‚คํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ ์‘ ์‹คํŒจ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ™œ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํƒ€ํ์ŠˆํŒ€์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋Œ€๋๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํžˆ์˜คํด๋ผ๋กœ์—์„œ ํ™œ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค. . . ๋ถ€์ฒœ์€ '์ด๋ฒˆ ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜์ž…์€ ์žฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด ํ•˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ k๋ฆฌ๊ทธ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ '๋ถ€์ฒœ ์—ญ์‹œ โ€˜๊ตฌ๊ด€์ด ๋ช…๊ด€โ€™ ์ด๋“ฏ ํŒ€ ์ ์‘์— ํฐ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ํ™˜์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.. . ๋ถ€์ฒœfc1995 ์ •๊ฐ‘์„ ๊ฐ๋…์€ โ€œ๊น€ํ˜•์ผ์˜ ์˜์ž… ์ดํ›„ ํŒ€์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋‚˜ ํŒ€ ์ ์‘์— ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘ ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์› ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ โ€œ๋ถ€์ฒœ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ์ž˜ ์‚ด๋ ค ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. . . ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ž…๋‹จ ์†Œ๊ฐ์—์„œ โ€œ์ž์‹ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ค€ ๋ถ€์ฒœ ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์— ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹คโ€๋ฉด์„œ โ€œ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ (์ด๋ฆ„) ํŒ€์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณดํƒฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ โ€œ์„œํฌํ„ฐ์ฆˆ ํ—ค๋ฅด๋ฉ”์Šค์™€์˜ ์žฌํšŒํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์„ค๋ Œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. . . ํ•œํŽธ ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 11๋ฒˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
4625 ์‰๋“œ๋ฆฐ(๋กœ๋””์˜จ ์‰๋“œ๋ฆฐ)
144 ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™” ์‹ ๊ทœ์„ญ
โ€˜๋“ฑ๊ฐ€โ€™์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ, ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋„ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„œ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ „์ด๋˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘๋œ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํƒ•๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ฆ™์„ ์งœ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งœ๋‚ธ ์ฆ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ์ž…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง›์ด ์ฉ ์ข‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์•ก์ƒ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ๋ฒŒ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ ‘๋ชฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ โ€˜๋‹จ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ƒ์˜ โ€˜์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ์˜ค์Šคโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ด์ƒ, ์ด ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹์€ ์ฃฝ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์„คํƒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ โ€˜๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ ์ฒด ๊ฟ€โ€™์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋žœ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชธ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ์ง„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜ˆ๋„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋™ํ•  ์ •๋„๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์šด๊ธฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ „์— ์ž ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ผ๋ฉด ํ† ๋‚ฉ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชธ์„ ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์ฃผ ํƒœ์Œ
Jang, Yong Suk (2005) โ€œThe Expansion of Modern Accounting as a Global and Institutional Practice.โ€ International Journal of Comparative Sociology 46 (4): 327-345.
William Bartram 1739-1823 American naturalist, essayist, and travel writer. Bartram was an eighteenth-century American naturalist and explorer who spent four years classifying the flora and fauna and chronicling his adventures in the uncharted wilderness of the southeastern region of the United States. This region now comprises North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Tennessee. Collected in Bartramโ€™s Travels (1791), these insights present a unique combination of scientific inquiry, exotic travelogue, and religious fervor. Written in a florid, exuberant prose style, the work fired the imagination of countless European readers who had a romantic notion of life on the American frontier and influenced the pastoral imagery employed by such Romantic poets as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and Robert Southey. The Travels is now recognized as an important historical and cultural work which documents an untrammeled American landscape prior to its settlement and development. Bartram was born February 9, 1739, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the son of the celebrated botanist, John Bartram, who had cultivated the first Botanic Garden in North America and who had established a thriving commercial business selling rare and exotic plants and seeds to horticulturists in Europe. Early on, William demonstrated an interest similar to his fatherโ€™s in botany and scientific discovery. He accompanied his father on several horticultural expeditions into the frontier region where he nurtured his skill at sketching images of the plants and animals that they discovered in the region. Despite his skill at drawing natural objects and his interest in botany, Bartram did not distinguish himself in his formal education at the Philadelphia Academy. By 1756, the elder Bartram had removed William from school and placed him in the apprenticeship of a Philadelphia merchant. Demonstrating a growing restlessness, Bartram did not remain an apprentice for long, nor did he accept the offer of family friend, Benjamin Franklin, to become an apprentice in his engraving business. In 1761, with the financial backing of his uncle, Colonel William Bartram, Bartram opened up a trading depot at Cape Fear, North Carolina. This venture lasted a few years before failing. To ameliorate Bartramโ€™s losses, his father offered him a position on his imminent scientific expedition to the Florida territory which recently had been acquired by the British in the Peace of Paris of 1763. After the expedition, Bartram decided to remain in Florida and start an indigo and rice plantation. Like the Cape Fear venture, this enterprise failed, leaving him in desperate financial straits. In these years of uncertainty, Bartram worked on the family farm and considered other business ventures in North Carolina and Florida. In 1772, Bartram received a commission from English botanist and family friend, Dr. John Fothergill, to explore southeastern American territories and produce specimens, seeds, and drawings of the rare and exotic plants of the region. This expedition, which lasted from 1773 until 1777, formed the basis for Bartramโ€™s Travels. Despite the scientific success of Bartramโ€™s wilderness adventure, the onset of the Revolutionary War interrupted the exchange of horticultural specimens for his financial backing. Further, Bartram had contracted a fever in Alabama which permanently impaired his eyesight. In 1777, he returned to Philadelphia where he convalesced and helped maintain the family gardens. Largely due to his extended foray into the Florida wilderness, Bartram had established a reputation akin to his fatherโ€™s as one of Americaโ€™s foremost botanists. In 1782, he was offered a position as professor of botany at the University of Pennsylvania, but he declined due to his poor health. Four years later, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society, an organization which had been founded by his father and Franklin, among others. In 1791, after some fifteen years of collection and revision, Bartram published his Travels. The work extended his fame from America to Europe where it became an immediate success in England before being translated into German, Dutch, and French. Bartram spent his later years corresponding and consulting with other scientists in the botanical community. In the early nineteenth century, President Thomas Jefferson offered him a position on the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore the Louisiana territory, but once again poor health forced Bartram to decline. Instead, he stayed home and helped to cultivate the family Botanical Garden. Bartram died while walking in his garden on July 22, 1823. Bartramโ€™s Travels has been viewed as a product of the confluence of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment pursuit of rational, scientific order, and the imminent nineteenth-century Romantic concept of the sublime beauty of nature. While it was Bartramโ€™s objective to catalogue and classify all manner of flora, fauna, and terrain with an eye toward the future exploitation and agricultural utilization of the land, nevertheless he was repeatedly overcome by a wondrous joy at each new discovery in the uncharted wilderness. Further, Bartramโ€™s passion was underscored by his Pennsylvania Quaker upbringing in which one identifies the omniscient role of God the Creator in all that occurs in the natural world. As a result, Bartramโ€™s rational observations about such natural phenomena as the complex symmetric shapes of plants and the instinctive habits of animals are always tempered by the reminder that Godโ€™s hand in the natural order is an act which can only elicit incomprehensible wonder in humans. But such an abject faith in Godโ€™s work also reveals an ominous undercurrent which runs throughout the Travels. The book abounds with images of hunting and warfare which characterize the wilderness as an environment of incessant conflict. Whether he is documenting his struggle for survival against Florida alligators, the eating habits of spiders, or the hostile relations between white settlers and native Indians, Bartramโ€™s idealistic descriptions of the wilderness as an Edenic paradise are leavened by the fact that a closer examination of nature reveals it to be a violent, inhospitable place. Although it was initially intended to be a scientific report to Bartramโ€™s patron, Dr. Fothergill, the Travels quickly became a classic in the burgeoning literary traditions of American naturalism and travel literature. Bartramโ€™s graphic and eloquent descriptions of the unspoiled and forbidding American wilderness excited countless leisure readers across Europe. Physical scientists were drawn to his detailed identification and classification of theretofore unknown plants and animals. Indeed, Bartramโ€™s compilation of some 215 native birds was at that time the most comprehensive documentation of the species. In the centuries since its publication, the Travels has endured as an important scientific, literary, and historical record of the southeastern United States prior to its settlement and development. N. Bryllion Fagin has focused on Bartramโ€™s artistic approach to writing the Travels, maintaining that the authorโ€™s rhapsodic literary style and exuberant enthusiasm vitalizes his descriptions with a painterโ€™s eye for graphic detail. Robert D. Arner has identified several dichotomies in the thematic structure of the workโ€”such as poetry and science, wilderness and civilization, cultivated land and pristine natureโ€”which reveal Bartramโ€™s ambivalence about his project. Bruce Silver has discussed Bartramโ€™s careful examination of nature without the modern limitation of imposing a strict level of impartiality on his observations, concluding that the authorโ€™s insightsโ€”suffused with religious, aesthetic, and utilitarian convictionsโ€”give his descriptions a compelling philosophical dimension. Several commentators have analyzed the influence of prominent eighteenth-century concepts in Bartramโ€™s Travels. While Hugh Moore has noted the remarkable fusion of Romantic and Rationalist ideas in the work, John Seelye has pointed out the authorโ€™s wholehearted belief in the divine providence of nature. In recent years, scholars have underscored these philosophical and religious sentiments in the Travels. Pamela Regis has demonstrated how Bartram employed two distinct descriptive techniquesโ€”the identification of natural history and the presentation of sublime beautyโ€”to reveal two complementary aspects of creation. In addition, Charles H. Adams has interpreted Bartram as an ironist who recognizes in his natural discoveries the transience and insignificance of humankind in the long history of the planet. Further, Thomas P. Slaughter has asserted that Bartram adopts the persona of โ€œphilosophical pilgrimโ€ who has a revelation that all of nature is collectively infused with Godโ€™s spirit. According to the critic, this realization creates a tension in Bartram between his utilitarian desire to see the cultivation of nature and his teleological belief that Godโ€™s creation should remain unspoiled. Travels through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws (prose) 1791; also published as Travels of William Bartram: Naturalist's Edition [enlarged edition] 1958 โ€œObservations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians, 1789โ€ (essay) 1853 *Travels in Georgia and Florida, 1773-74: A Report to Dr. John Fothergill (prose) 1943 *This is an official report on the expedition that also produced Bartram's prose work Travels. (The entire section is 77 words.) SOURCE: Fagin, N. Bryllion. โ€œThe Art of Bartram.โ€ In William Bartram: Interpreter of the American Landscape, pp. 101-123. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1933. [In the following excerpt, Fagin provides an important reassessment of Bartram's Travels, noting unique stylistic techniques and describing underpinnings of his philosophy. Fagin also briefly notes the influences on Bartram as well as the effect he had on later writers.] Throughout this study Bartram's โ€œstyleโ€ has received incidental mention. This has been inevitable because of the amount of attention it has attracted from both literary and scientific commentators. English reviewers noted his โ€œluxuriant and poeticalโ€ language; Carlyle enjoyed his โ€œwondrous kind of floundering eloquenceโ€; Zimmermann, in translating the Travels, corrected his โ€œpoetischen Floskelnโ€;1 Squier insisted on retaining โ€œthe antiquated and somewhat quaint phraseology and style of the authorโ€2 of the โ€œObservationsโ€; Miss Dondore was impressed by his โ€œluxuriant detailโ€;3 a modern American reviewer has been pleased by his โ€œlush descriptionsโ€;4 and Tracy has found his language โ€œrhetorical,โ€ not, however, without at the same time being aware of the prime virtue of Bartram's art, his โ€œgenuine sensitivenessโ€ to all the aspects of nature.5 It is this... (The entire section is 8894 words.) SOURCE: Arner, Robert D. โ€œPastoral Patterns in William Bartram's Travels.โ€ Tennessee Studies in Literature 18 (1973): 133-45. [In the following essay, Arner explores Bartram's account of his travels in terms of his personal discoveries and the impact the work had on future American literature.] Like many of the classic works of American literature, William Bartram's Travels is structured around a three-part pastoral pattern that begins with the naturalist's withdrawal from society, focuses upon an encounter with nature, usually intensely personal and fraught with ambiguities, and ends either with the explorer's return to civilization or with some ironic qualification of pastoral idyllicism. In its broadest sense, the book is enclosed by this thematic and narrative pattern, starting with Bartram's departure from Philadelphia in April of 1773 and concluding in the final sentence of Part iii with his return to that city and to his father's house on the banks of the Schuylkill River in January 1778; the fourth part is totally devoted to the Indians Bartram encountered on his journeys, and while it is thus loosely related to the main body of the Travels, its separate title page suggests that he thought of it as a separate composition. At the heart of the book, of course, are the explorations of Georgia, the Carolinas, and East and West Florida which supplied so much raw material for... (The entire section is 5412 words.) SOURCE: Silver, Bruce. โ€œWilliam Bartram's and Other Eighteenth-Century Accounts of Nature.โ€ Journal of the History of Ideas 39, no. 4 (1978): 597-614. [In the following essay, Silver argues that critics have overlooked the contribution of Bartram to the naturalist literary tradition. Also investigated is how the Travels characterize the natural world.] Despite the intellectual productivity of our Bicentennial year, too little was said about colonial Americans whose contributions to our culture were not tied to the decision and struggle for independence. William Bartram (1739-1823), the apolitical son of the Quaker botanist John Bartram (1699-1777), is among those who have been neglected.1 Bartram's significance as a naturalist and amateur scientist is a matter of record.2 He learned about plants from his father and from working with him in their garden on the banks of the Schuylkill river. The combination of William Bartram's botanical knowledge, his talents as an artist - naturalist, and the influence of his name among European horticulturists enabled him to travel throughout the southeastern American wilderness under the patronage of Dr. John Fothergill, the wealthy English gardener and botanist.3 Bartram set out to collect plants and seeds in April 1773 and did not return to Philadelphia until January 1778, after he had explored substantial portions of the... (The entire section is 8049 words.) SOURCE: Moore, Hugh. โ€œThe Southern Landscape of William Bartram: A Terrible Beauty.โ€ Essays in Arts and Sciences 10, no. 1 (1981): 41-50. [In the following essay, Moore argues that Bartram's Travels is powerful and effective because of the writer's ability โ€œto write as a Romantic poet with a sense of wonder, feeling, and imagination and as a scientific Rationalist like his father.โ€] William Bartram's Travels (1791) is perhaps the most comprehensive work from early America. It is a pioneering and inclusive natural history of the new worldโ€”its botany, zoology, geology, ethnologyโ€”with observations on agricultural, industrial, and commercial development. It is a history and a sociological study of the South. It is a philosophical and religious quest attempting to relate man, nature, and God. It is a practical handbook on gardening and the use of plants for food and medicine. It is literature that in its narratives of wilderness adventures and exuberant descriptions of the terrible beauty of the virgin Southern landscape captures the excitement of discovery. But his Travels is also comprehensive in its record of Bartram's remarkable achievement in forming his own ideas and attitudes from a creative fusion of ideas and traditions that impinged upon him. His achievement in consolidating and harmonizing often seemingly contradictory impulses provides an unexpected intellectual... (The entire section is 3979 words.) SOURCE: Seelye, John. โ€œBeauty Bare: William Bartram and His Triangulated Wilderness.โ€ Prospects: The Annual of American Cultural Studies 6 (1981): 37-54. [In the following essay, Seelye claims that Travels was originally intended as a record of scientific observations, but a closer look reveals a humanistic tone that is based on the divine providence of nature.] In September 1753 the American botanist John Bartram set out with his young son Billy from their farm on the banks of the Schuylkill for the Catskill Mountains for the purpose of gathering seeds and plant samples. The journey ended at the Hudson Valley home of Cadwallader Colden, surveyor-general of New York and himself a botanist of note, where the Bartrams made the acquaintance of yet another botanist, Alexander Garden of Charleston, South Carolina. The elder Bartram encouraged Garden to open correspondence with Linnaeus, the Swedish naturalist to whom Bartram had been writing for years, correspondence that gives particular point to this triangular meeting on the banks of the Hudson. For the Bartrams' journey and their visit with the other two botanists may be said to epitomize the scientific Enlightenment in colonial America, an intellectual voluntarism that had as its political counterpart a formal gathering of regional representatives in nearby Albany the year following. That convention, necessitated by the hostilities soon to... (The entire section is 8691 words.) SOURCE: Moore, L. Hugh. โ€œThe Aesthetic Theory of William Bartram.โ€ Essays in Arts and Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 1983): 17-35. [In the following essay, Moore argues that Bartram is a prime example of a writer trying to describe nature within the context of eighteenth-century aesthetic theory.] From its publication in 1791, William Bartram's Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida has been praised for its scientific and literary merit. Francis Harper and Joseph Ewan, among others, have demonstrated the value of Bartram's contributions to zoology, botany, and ethnology, the precision of his observations, and the logic of his speculations. Harper, for example, verified the combat and bellowing of alligators from his own observations.1 Bartram's list of birds is the most complete prior to Alexander Wilson's, whom he tutored. The Travels, according to Witmer Stone, is โ€œThe first ornithological contribution worthy of the name written by a native American.โ€2 John R. Swanton called his observations of Southern Indians โ€œone of the best early worksโ€ and used the facts in the Travels to refute Bartram's theory of an ancient race of mound builders.3 Elliott Coues praised his nomenclature as effectively binomial and found that he was the first to relate animal size to environment.4 Even the lush descriptions... (The entire section is 7243 words.) SOURCE: Looby, Christopher. โ€œThe Constitution of Nature: Taxonomy as Politics in Jefferson, Peale, and Bartram.โ€ Early American Literature 22, no. 3 (1987): 252-73. [In the following essay, Looby discusses the writings of Thomas Jefferson, Charles Willson Peale, and Bartram in relation to their views on the relationship between the natural order and the social order.] Natural history,โ€ Benjamin Rush wrote, โ€œis the foundation of all useful and practical knowledge.โ€ He made this remark in 1791, in the context of designing the proper education for the citizens of the new American republic. โ€œBy making natural history the first study of a boy, we imitate the conduct of the first teacher of man,โ€ Rush continued. โ€œThe first lesson that Adam received from his Maker in Paradise, was upon natural history. It is probable that the dominion of our great progenitor over the brute creation, and every other living creature, was founded upon a perfect knowledge of their names and qualitiesโ€ (47-48). What Rush did not explicitly sayโ€”but what was implicit in his discussion, and in similar discussions of taxonomic natural history by other leading writers of early republican Americaโ€”was that knowledge of the names and qualities of the beings in nature was not only the basis of the American's control over his environment, but might also be, in some sense, the foundation of the collective life of the new... (The entire section is 9372 words.) SOURCE: Anderson, Douglas. โ€œBartman's Travels and the Politics of Nature.โ€ Early American Literature 25, no. 1, (1990): 3-17. [In the following essay, Anderson examines the lessons Bartram attempts to teach his reader in Travels, lessons that nature can teach society about its social and political organization.] William Bartram's Travels (1791), like so many of the most interesting products of the Anglo-American sensibility in the eighteenth century, challenges the reader's capacities of adjustment. It presents itself at various times as a travel journal, a naturalist's notebook, a moral and religious effusion, an ethnographic essay, and a polemic on behalf of the cultural institutions and the rights of American Indiansโ€”a range of modes and interests that has led William Hedges to describe the Travels as โ€œthe most astounding verbal artifact of the early republic.โ€1 This mixture of discourses is already sufficiently rich to invite the quite different critical approaches brought to Bartram's work in recent years by Roderick Nash, Robert Arner, Richard Slotkin, Patricia Medeiros, and Bruce Silver, among others.2 But invariably readers of the Travels have insisted upon, or assumed, Bartram's nearly complete physical and imaginative isolation within the southeastern wilderness that he explored.3 Francis Harper's careful edition of... (The entire section is 6191 words.) SOURCE: Regis, Pamela. โ€œDescription and Narration in Bartram's Travels.โ€ In Describing Early America: Bartram, Jefferson, Crรจvecoeur, and the Rhetoric of Natural History, pp. 40-78. Northern Illinois University Press, 1992. [In the following essay, Regis examines Bartram's use of narrative as a mode for employing two different description techniques for the external world.] As an instance of the literature of place, William Bartram's Travels represents large portions of the territories of North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to readers eager for images of the New World they had never seen. Using the rhetoric and method of natural history, Bartram details โ€œthe furniture of the earthโ€ to be found in these regionsโ€”the minerals and animals and, in particular, the plants. Using Edmund Burke's theory of the sublime and the beautiful, he describes the scenes through which he sailed, paddled, rode, and walked during his three-and-a-half-year journey through the Southeast. The two methods, natural history and the sublime, complement each other. Each compels notice of a different selection of the creation. The natural historical practitioner described individual items. The Burkean practitioner described entire scenes. For Bartram, both methods were objective. The natural historical method, as we have seen, relied on observation conducted according to exact procedures. Burke's... (The entire section is 13877 words.) SOURCE: Adams, Charles H. โ€œReading Ecologically: Language and Play in Bartram's Travels.โ€ The Southern Quarterly: A Journal of the Arts in the South 32, no. 4 (summer 1994): 65-74. [In the following essay, Adams argues that previous characterizations of Bartram have been too narrow, and that in Travels the author creates a world that mirrors the natural one.] In Part III of his Travels (1791), William Bartram describes a spot on the South Carolina side of the Savannah River near Augusta called Silver Bluff, the property of a trader named George Golphin. โ€œSilver-Bluff is,โ€ he says, โ€œa very celebrated place,โ€ mainly because of the โ€œvarious strata of earthโ€ displayed in this โ€œsteep bankโ€ that โ€œrises perpendicular out of the riverโ€ more than thirty feet. Loam, clay, sand, marl, more clay and finally โ€œa deep stratum of blackish โ€ฆ saline and sulphurous earthโ€ mark the geologic history of the bluff. Within the oldest stratum, Bartram discovers a jumbled collection of natural artifacts, as if a specimen cabinet of the sort used by naturalists of his day had collapsed and spilled its contents carelessly on the earth: rocks (โ€œbellemnites, pyrites, marcasites and sulphurous nodulesโ€), organic matter (โ€œsticks, limbs and trunks of trees, leaves, acorns, and their cupsโ€) and โ€œanimal substancesโ€ mingle in this โ€œvast stratum.โ€ Above ground, human and... (The entire section is 4776 words.) SOURCE: Bellin, Joshua David. โ€œWicked Instruments: William Bartram and the Dispossession of the Southern Indians.โ€ Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 51, no. 3 (autumn 1995): 1-23. [In the following essay, Bellin analyzes Bartram's view of native Americans and their use of land compared to the European settlers.] On June 1, 1773, William Bartram witnessed the Treaty of Augusta, in which Creek and Cherokee Indians, constrained by trade debts, ceded two million acres of land to the Crown.1 While accompanying government agents and tribal chiefs on the surveying mission, Bartram noted a โ€œremarkable instance of Indian sagacityโ€ which โ€œnearly disconcerted all our plans, and put an end to the businessโ€ (58). Bartram writes: The surveyor having fixed his compass on the staff โ€ฆ just as he had determined upon the point, the Indian chief came up, and observing the course he had fixed upon, spoke, and said it was not right; but that the course to the place was so and so, holding up his hand, and pointing. The surveyor replied, that he himself was certainly right, adding, that that little instrument (pointing to the compass) told him so, which, he said, could not err. The Indian answered, he knew better, and that the little wicked instrument was a liar; and he would not acquiesce in its... (The entire section is 8753 words.) SOURCE: Waselkov, Gregory A. โ€œTravels through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida. โ€ฆโ€ In William Bartram on the Southeastern Indians, edited by Gregory A. Waselkov and Kathryn E. Holland Braund, pp. 25-32. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. [In the following essay, Waselkov examines the evolution of the manuscript of Bartram's Travels and its general reception.] William Bartram's Travels has been dubbed โ€œthe most astounding verbal artifact of the early republic.โ€1 Indeed, Bartram's work, which โ€œpresents itself at various times as a travel journal, a naturalist's notebook, a moral and religious effusion, an ethnographic essay, and a polemic on behalf of the cultural institutions and the rights of American Indians,โ€ is a true classic of American literature.2Travels is based on Bartram's field notes, journals, and remembrances that accrued during his tour of the southern backcountry, from 1773 to 1777. The time when Bartram decided to polish his diaries and produce a publishable account of his journey is not knownโ€”perhaps he conceived the notion very early, while still in the South. In any case, he must have begun editing his rough notes soon after his return to Philadelphia, in early 1777. By 1783 he had produced a manuscript, which he showed to several interested visitors.3 In 1786, a... (The entire section is 3607 words.) SOURCE: Slaughter, Thomas P. โ€œPerspectives.โ€ In The Natures of John and William Bartram, pp. 177-96. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. [In the following essay, Slaughter claims that, while Travels is a complicated work that has many facets, there is one message that Bartram wanted to voice more than any other: โ€œall of nature is one โ€ฆ and infused with the spirit of its creator.โ€] Is William Bartram's Travels poetry, readers have asked, fiction, or science? Are the author and the โ€œphilosophical pilgrimโ€ the same person or different ones sharing the same name? Is the story true, readers have always wanted to know, or did the author alter the record and transfigure timeโ€”create, transform, embellish, recall things that never happened, and forget some that did? The answer to all these questions is yes; the book is all these things and more. The Travels is a complicated story told by a person who wanted to tell the truth, but who didn't always know what it was; it was written by a man who didn't let smaller truths obscure larger ones that he wanted to share. William Bartram was a persona, a character in a book whom the author imagined back in his plantation swamp and whom he became over the course of his travels, in writing his Travels, in the garden after his traveling was done. The personal transformation was a self-conscious act, but the creation... (The entire section is 7885 words.) SOURCE: Hallock, Thomas. โ€œโ€˜On the Borders of a New Worldโ€™: Ecology, Frontier Plots, and Imperial Elegy in William Bartram's Travels.โ€ South Atlantic Review 66, no. 4 (fall 2001): 109-33. [In the following essay, Hallock traces the development of Bartram's Travels, noting its integration of contemporary artistic modes as well as its internal contradictions, and concludes by characterizing the work as one of America's first outstanding pastoral projects.] such attempts I leave for the amusement of men of Letters As the movement in any pastoral away from politics will draw politicized critiques, the Travels of William Bartram holds a characteristically ambivalent place in the canon of American pastoral literature. Viewed against the environmental writings of its day, the book provides a refreshing alternative to the usual rhetoric of expansion and usurpation, and critics can not discuss the author, it seems, without eventually broaching some form of ethical judgement. Bartram on one hand provides a specimen model of what Mary Louise Pratt calls the โ€œanti-conquest,โ€ in that โ€œnatural history provided means for narrating inland travel and exploration aimed not at the discovery of trade routes, but at territorial surveillance, appropriation of resources, and administrative... (The entire section is 8528 words.) Lowes, John Livingston. โ€œIntroduction.โ€ In The Travels of William Bartram, edited by Francis Harper, pp. xvii-xxxv. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958. Provides an overview of Bartram's life and career. Branch, Michael. โ€œIndexing American Possibilities: The Natural History Writing of Bartram, Wilson, and Audubon.โ€ In The Ecocriticism Reader, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, pp. 282-97. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1996. Compares early romantic ideas about nature in the New World. Curtis, S. E. G. โ€œA Comparison between Gilbert White's Selborne and William Bartram's Travels.โ€ In Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association, edited by Milan V. Dimic and Juan Ferrate, pp. 137-41. Stuttgart: Kunst Und Wissen, 1979. Compares and contrasts two works considered works of natural science as well as minor literary classics. Lee, Berta Grattan. โ€œWilliam Bartram: Naturalist or โ€˜Poetโ€™?โ€ Early American Literature 7 (1972): 124-129. Surveys the tone and substance of Bartram's Travels in an attempt to classify the varied literary techniques contained in the work. (The entire section is 422 words.)
๊น€ํ˜„๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ์ž "๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค, ๅพ๏ฅบ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ๋•Œ ์ด์„  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด" "ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ(์ด์„  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค." ์„œํ›ˆ ๊ตญ์ •์›์žฅ๊ณผ ์–‘์ •์ฒ  ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์›์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถํ•œ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ž์ธ ๊น€ํ˜„๊ฒฝ MBC ํ†ต์ผ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ถ”์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์ด 29์ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๊ฐ™์ด ์•Œ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ํ•™ํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ ๋’ค ์ „๋‚  ์˜คํ›„ ๊ท€๊ตญํ•œ ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” "์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น—๋ฐœ์ณ ํŽ˜๋ถ์— ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋‚œ 21์ผ ๋ฐค 4์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ฌ ๋งŒ์ฐฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ "์„œํ›ˆ ๊ตญ์ •์›์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ (์„œ ์›์žฅ์ด) '์–‘์›์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒ ๋ƒ'๊ณ  ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–‘์›์žฅ์˜ ๊ท€๊ตญ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒธํ•œ ์ง€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜€๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ์†ŒํšŒ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ "์ง€๊ธˆ์™€์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์„œ์›์žฅ์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๋‘ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ชจ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ’€์ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” "(๋‹น์‹œ) ์„œ์›์žฅ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹จํ–‰๋œ ๊ตญ์ •์› ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด '๊ตญ๋‚ด ์กฐ์ง์„ ์—†์• ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์›์žฅ์ด ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์”ฝํฌํƒฑํฌ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ, ์—ฌ์•ผ ์ •์น˜์ธ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›์žฅ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” (๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ง์„) ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ •์„ธ์™€ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ธ์—ฐ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‘์„œ์—†์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•œ์ฐธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด "์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค ์‹๋‹น ๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์‹๋‹น ๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์ œ ์ฐจ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ž๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–‘์›์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์›์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„œ-์–‘ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ๋•Œ '์ด์„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  "์ด์„  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” "์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž…์žฅ๋ฌธ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹นํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์ง€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ „๋‚  ๊ณตํ•ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋‚  ์˜ค์ „ CBS๋ผ๋””์˜ค '๊น€ํ˜„์ •์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค์‡ผ'์™€์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋˜ํ’€์ด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” MBC ์•„๋‚˜์šด์„œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋’ค ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ „ํ™˜, ๋ถํ•œ๊ด€๋ จ ์„์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ค„๊ณง ๋ถํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์„œ ๊ตญ์ •์›์žฅ๊ณผ ์–‘ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์žฅ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘ ์›์žฅ์€ "์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ๋‚จ, ์ธ์‚ฌ ์ฐจ์›์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋‹น ๋“ฑ ์•ผ๋‹น์€ "๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ์ธ ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์„  ๊ด€๋ จ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€"๋ฉฐ ํŒ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”์ด์—๋ฅธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ”ผํžˆํ…” ์‚ฐ๋งฅ ์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”์ด์—๋ฅธ ์ฃผ, ํŠ€๋ง๊ฒ์ฃผ, ์ž‘์„ผ์•ˆํ• ํŠธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์„ผ์•ˆํ• ํŠธ ์ฃผ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 25km ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋น„(Barby) ์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ ์—˜๋ฒ  ๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ โ€˜์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ ์ž„์ž ์ฐพ๋‚˜โ€™ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ 4์ฐจ ๊ณต๋ชจ ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ โ€˜์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ ์ž„์ž ์ฐพ๋‚˜โ€™ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ 4์ฐจ ๊ณต๋ชจ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ 28์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›” 1์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ์ฐจ๋ก€๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ๋๋˜ ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ์ ์ž„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. 9์ผ ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š” 28์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›” 1์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒซ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ณต๋ชจ ์›์„œ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด 11์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ ์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ชจํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ์ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์—†์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ๋ผ ์ง๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ชจ ์ž๊ฒฉ์š”๊ฑด์€ โ–ฒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž โ–ฒ์ •๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ์ถœ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋‹จ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ž„์›์œผ๋กœ 2๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ๋ฌด โ–ฒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 3๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ๋ฌด โ–ฒ4๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์œผ๋กœ 1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ โ–ฒ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ํ›„๋ณด์ถ”์ฒœ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์š”๊ฑด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ž„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด์ถ”์ฒœ์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฉด์ ‘์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์‚ฌ์žฅ์ธ ์ „๋‚จ๋„์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์ž„๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ์ž„๊ธฐ๋Š” 2๋…„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์—ฐ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ณต๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๋‚จ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ๋‹จ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
์ œ๋ชฉ : ๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ๋กœ๋˜ '๋ถ„๋‡จ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰' ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋‚ ์งœ : 2006-11-29 08:27 ๋ถ€์ œ : ๋‚ด์šฉ : ์—…๋ฌด๋กœ ์›์ฃผ์— ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ™• ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํœ™ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. "์•„์‹ธโˆผ๋˜ฅ์ฐจ๋‹ค." ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์พŒ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค. ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์ˆ˜์„ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„๋‡จ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์„ธ์›”๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜น ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ˆ˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹ ๋‚  ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด "์ž˜ ์‚ด๊ฒ ๋„ค" ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ "์•ก๋•œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ , ์žŠ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค๋ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ธ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ธ์ƒ์‚ด์ด ์ƒˆ์˜น์ง€๋งˆ(ๅกž็ฟไน‹้ฆฌ)์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„. ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ง˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ’์†์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ง‘์ด ์ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ๋ชจ์•„๋‘์…จ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฉํ˜€์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐญ์— ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ, ๊ฐ•์›๋„ ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๊ณจ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ ๋†๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์„์— ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๋Š” ๊ธธ๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋Œ๊ณผ, ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃจ์˜ ์‚ฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ด‰์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ๊ฒธ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด๋ผ ์ฐธ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋‡จ๋Š” ์ข…๋ง์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ์— ๋ชจ์•„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ†ค๋‹น 35,000์›์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ ์ด ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์†Œ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†์ด ๊ทœ์ • ์ด์ƒ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋•…์—์„œ ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆœ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. '๋…น์ƒ‰'ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์„  ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์˜ ์ฑ…์ƒ์—, ๋„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ ๋“ฑ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์€์—ฐ์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. "ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ฐจ๋„ ๋…น์ƒ‰์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๊ฒ ์ง€". ๊ธฐ์•ฝ ์—†์ด ๋ถˆ์‘ฅ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ๋กœ๋˜๋Š”, ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์— ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์“ด์ด : ํ˜„์ง€์œค ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ์ž ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ[email protected]
โ€˜9์ฒ™ ์•„๋‚ด์ฆˆโ€™ ์„œํ•˜์–€, ์ดํ˜„์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜ ํŒจ์…˜์‡ผ โ€˜ํŒ”๋ถˆ์ถœโ€™ ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •, ํ™์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ์–ด์บฃ ๋ชจ๋“œ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ(๋™์ƒ์ด๋ชฝ2) ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์˜ ์•„๋‚ด ์„œํ•˜์–€์ด ์œ ๋ช… ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์ง€์ถ˜ํฌ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„œ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ท”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 7์ผ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋œ SBS โ€˜๋™์ƒ์ด๋ชฝ2-๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์šด๋ช…โ€™์—์„œ ์„œํ•˜์–€์ด ํŒจ์…˜์‡ผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‚  ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฒธ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ธ ์ดํ˜„์ด์˜ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ํŠน๊ฐ•์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›Œํ‚น ์—ฐ์Šต์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ……๋นˆ ์—ฐ์Šต์‹ค์—์„œ ์„œํ•˜์–€์ด ๊ธด์žฅ ์†์— ์›Œํ‚น์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ž ์ดํ˜„์ด๋Š” ๋งค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ๋’ค โ€œ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋”๋‹ˆ โ€œ1์ผ์ฐจ์˜ ํ’‹ํ’‹ํ•จ์ด ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์–ดโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ˜„์ด๋Š” โ€œ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„œ๋ฉด ํฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ๊ฐธ์›ƒ๊ฐธ์›ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹คโ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๊นŒ๋”ฑ๊นŒ๋”ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ท์ด ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ท๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฑ…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์—ฌ์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด โ€œ์ƒํ•˜์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ด์ง ์—ฌ์œ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ, ์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์„๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ํŒ”์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋ผโ€๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋†์ต์€ ์›Œํ‚น์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒ”์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์„œํ–์–€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฟœ๋ฟœ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€ ์ดํ˜„์ด์˜ ์ฝ”์นญ์— ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ํ•œ์ธต ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์›Œํ‚น์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ์ง€์ถ˜ํฌ์‡ผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋ฆฌํ—ˆ์„ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์ง€์ถ˜ํฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ์ž”๋œฉ ๊ธด์žฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์›Œํ‚น๋„ ๋ฒ„๋ฒ…๊ฑฐ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ถ˜ํฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋Š˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ โ€œ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋งค ๊ฑท์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์–ดโ€๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ ‘์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋™๊ทธ๋ž˜์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋–จ๊ณ ์žˆ์„ ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์€ ์ดฌ์˜์žฅ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ปคํ”ผ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ด ํ™˜ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ฐฝ์ • ์ปคํ”ผ์ฐจ ์•ž์— ๊ตฌ์ฒ™์žฅ์‹  ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“ค์ž ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์€ ๊ธˆ์„ธ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ ธ ํญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จํŽธ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์— ๋†€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•ด ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋นจ๊ฐœ์กŒ๋˜ ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ํ’€๋ฆฐ๋“ฏ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ง€์—ˆ๊ณ  โ€œ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋“ ๋“ ํ•˜๋”๋ผโ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›€์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋”ํ•ด ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์€ ์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ ๋Š” โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„œํ•˜์–€ ์ž˜ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ์ƒ€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ง€์ถ˜ํฌ์‡ผ์˜ ๋ง‰์ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์„œํ•˜์–€์˜ ๋ฐ๋ท” ๋ฌด๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ฐ์„์— ์•‰์€ ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์•„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๊ด‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œํ•˜์–€์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ธด์žฅํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ชธ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜คํ”„์ˆ„๋” ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‹นํ•œ ์›Œํ‚น์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์— ์ž„์ฐฝ์ •์€ ์ž…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฌผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œํ•˜์–€์— ์ด์–ด ํ†ฑ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ดํ˜„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ด โ€˜์—ญ์‹œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๊ณ , ์ž„์ฐฝ์ • ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋˜ ํŒ”๋ถˆ์ถœ ๋‚จํŽธ ํ™์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ๋ญ‡ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๋‚จํŽธโ€™ ํ™์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๋ช… ์†์— ํ”ผ๋‚ ๋ ˆ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณ์กŒ๊ณ , ์ดํ˜„์ด์™€ ์„œํ•˜์–€์ด ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์›Œํ‚นํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
The Delta Map Released Oct. 2001 - The Delta, convergence of California's two great water delivery systems and major rivers is depicted in this 36x24 inch map. The map graphically depicts the importance of the Delta -- what it is, where it is and how water flows through the area. The 2001 map now includes Delta waterways, pumping facilities and canals, Los Vaqueros Reservoir, and many proposed projects and studies in CALFEDโ€™s 2000 Record of Decision. Accompanying text explains Delta levees, agriculture, fish and wildlife, drinking water issues, and the importance of the Delta to all Californians. Complementing the map are the Layperson's Guides to the Delta and San Francisco Bay. Suitable for framing and display in any office. To order 10 or more at a discounted fee, contact the Foundation at 916/444-6240 for more information.
Overcoming Under Nutrition By Vidya Kulkarni Everybody from Salgara Primary Health Center in Osmanabad district knows the story of Karan, a beaming two year old in the village. They have not only witnessed his growth from being severely underweight at birth to a healthy child by now, but they have also actively contributed to making it happen. Karan weighed only 1200 grams, at the time of his birth in January 2005 and clearly required immediate specialized care and proper nutrition later to ensure healthy growth. Thankfully the health staff and Aanganwadi Worker in Salgara village were equipped to successfully deal with the problem having undergone an intensive training on Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses. IMNCI is a special strategy to prevent neonatal mortality, with special emphasis on care of new borns with a focus on infant feeding as well as care of children upto five years. The Government of India together with UNICEF adopted the IMNCI package and it was first piloted in Osmanabad district in 2003. The health staff and Aanganwadi workers in Salgara PHC, covering over 30,000 populations in 19 villages and 11 tandas, had received training in November 2004, just before Karanโ€™s birth in January 2005. Sharda Jagtap, Aaganwadi worker from the village, vividly recalls how she and other health workers got into action to put their new found knowledge into practice. This was challenging, according to her, as it was their first case. โ€˜We passed on seemingly simple measures that we had learned in the training to the childโ€™s family, such as immediate and exclusive breast feeding, kangaroo care to keep the baby warm and advise against giving him a bath. Fortunately the family members followed our advice, even though they were a little uncertain to begin with. We also visited the baby frequently in the first month to monitor his weight increase. Our measures to create a protective environment for the child did well and the baby soon caught up reasonable weight gain.โ€™ Apart from specialized and localized neonatal care, IMNCI also attempts to inculcate right feeding practices to check malnutrition among children upto five years. The IMNCI manual, a handy guide to trained health workers, presents a comprehensive chart on nutritional advice for children from their birth upto five years. According to health workers, who find this chart immensely useful to counsel mothers on child nutrition, the chart details specifics of diet and other related significant aspects of feeding for various age groups. โ€˜We were generally aware of what kind of a diet to be suggested to a mother once complementary feeding starts. However general suggestions do not work always. Moreover the timing and method of feeding, quantity and nature of food equally matter and need to be considered in a diet plan. IMNCI enabled us to look at these specificities and suggest them to mothers,โ€™ explains the worker. Thus the health workers are equipped to pass on significant information or suggest required changes concerning the childโ€™s diet from a nutrition point of view. Such adequate care and nutritional advice have helped Karan and other children to recover from malnutrition. IMNCI knowledge complements the Aanganwadi workerโ€™s routine work, which involves distribution of dietary supplements to under nourished children, admits Sharda Jagtap. She has been able to help 8 under weight births and malnourished children in her village to improve health in last two years. Most importantly, the outcome of her own work has enhanced the workerโ€™s confidence and conviction to convince families on adopting appropriate feeding practices to safeguard nutritional qualities of diet. As a result of this and similar efforts in all villages coming under Salgara Primary Health Center, one observes remarkable improvement in curbing infant mortality and malnutrition over past two years. The IMR has gone down from 27 in 2004-2005 to 17 in 2006-2007. The proportion of malnourished children in 0-6 age group has also come down considerably. The number of grade 2 children has come down from 1960 in 2004-2005 to 1540 in 2006-2007. Lack of proper feeding and caring practices is major cause for children falling in this category and it has been addressed adequately through IMNCI intervention. The latest numbers of grade 3 and grade 4 children in the entire PHC area are 6 and 4 respectively, which mainly constitute children suffering for incurable illnesses.
์บ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 7.6 ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ˆ
AUTOSAR(AUTomotive Open Systems Architecture)๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด, ์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด, ๊ณต๊ตฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ (media.hangulo.net) :: '๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€' ํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก '๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€'์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ€ 2๊ฑด 2008.03.07 ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ณค๋‚˜? [ํ›„์†๊ธฐ์‚ฌ] (5) ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํ—›๋ฐœ์งˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ 2008. 3. 7. 14:40 ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ณค๋‚˜? ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งŽ์•„.. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 40%๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ค ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ "๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ"์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๊ณ , ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ? -ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด 40% ๋„˜์–ด [ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ] 2008.2.20 http://media.hangulo.net/369 ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ : ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ธ€์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋‚  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋งˆ๋‹น ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ณ (http://epeople.go.kr) ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์— ๋ฏผ์›์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Œ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ๊ฒฝ๋ฌด๊ธฐํš๊ตญ ํ˜์‹ ๊ธฐํš๊ณผ / 2008.02.21 17:29:32 ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์‚ฐํ•˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ๊ณต์‹ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ์— ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์น˜ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋Š” '์ •๊ด‘ํ˜„๋‹˜'์˜ ์ง€์ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์›์— ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ œ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์ฝ”๋„ˆ์˜ ์ผ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋งํฌ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ URL์— ์˜ˆ์ „ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์•ฝ์นญ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์†Œ์—ฌ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๋กœ๋งˆ์žํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ† ๋ก ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค) ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธ€์žํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ธ€๊ผด ์†Œ์Šค๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ๊นจ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋˜๋„๋ก์ด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ€์ž๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™•์ธ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ... ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐธ๋‹ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋„ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘์— 2008๋…„ 3์›” 2์ผ์— ๋‚ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ผ๋ณด์— ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. (๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ ธ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ํ‘œ์ ˆ ์šด์šด์€ ์‚ผ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ! ) Kangseo...Gangseo...๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ 'ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ ค'์„œ์šธ ๊ฐ•์„œ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ขŒ์ธก ์ƒ๋‹จ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ Kangseo, ํ•˜๋‹จ ์ฃผ์†Œ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” Gangseo๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Kangseo๊ฐ€ ๋งž์„๊นŒ, Gangseo๊ฐ€ ๋งž์„๊นŒ. 2000๋…„ ๊ฐœ์ • '๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•'์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Gangseo๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ตญ์–ด ๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚œ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ ์ž–์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋๋‹ค. 2์ผ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ 'ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ'๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ(media.hangulo.net)์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ '๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ?'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์ผ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ž€์—์„œ ๊ตญ์–ด ๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 40% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณ , ์ „๊ตญ 256๊ฐœ ์ผ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์•ฝ 12% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฃผ์†Œ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น๋ถ€์„œ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๋์ง€๋งŒ ์ทจ์žฌํŒ€ ํ™•์ธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋นˆ์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์ด ์ฒญ์‚ฌ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์˜์ฃผ๋กœ(Uiju-ro)๋ฅผ Euijoo-ro๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ผ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜› ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์–ด ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ข…์ „ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ(๋„๋กœ, ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฌผ, ๋ฌธํ™”์žฌ ๋“ฑ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํŒ)์€ 2005๋…„๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒˆ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ๋ผ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ "๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉด์„œ "๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋นš์–ด์ง„ ์ผ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 10์ผ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Œ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ž๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ.. ํ•ด์„œ ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด ํ˜๋ €๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธด ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ... โ–ฒ 2008๋…„ 2์›” ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ (๊ฐ•์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค) ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ•์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ข€ ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ http://www.police.go.kr/KNPA/about/ab_offices_01.jsp ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ณค์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง๋„ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์ „(Daejeon)์„ "Deajeon"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žก์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜คํƒ€๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตณ์ด ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋ฐํžˆ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด์ด์—†๋Š” ์˜คํƒ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฐฝํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„๋•Œ๋Š” ์•ž์— +๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ +82-42-.. ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— 1566-0112์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. (์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ €๋ฒˆ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ˆ๊ณ ์ณ๋„ ํ•  ๋ง์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ.. ^^) ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋„ ํ‹€๋ ค ์ €๋ฒˆ์— ํ™•์ธํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ "์ „๋‚จ์ง€์—ญ"์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ‘์†์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ญ์‹œ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. (http://www.jnpolice.go.kr) ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๋‚จ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์— ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. โ–ฒ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€(์œ„) ์™€ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€(์•„๋ž˜)์˜ ์ „๋‚จ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ, "์—†๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ๋ฏผ์›์‹ค์— ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋Š” 062-222-0112๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  062-366-0112์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ๋” ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ˆ, ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ, ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ์ „ํ™”๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํฌํ„ธ์—์„œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋งŒ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ด ํ›„์†๊ธ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ด ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋์ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒํผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง์›๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์ ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์•ผ ์˜ณ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์€ ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ ๊ณต์‹ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๋งŒํผ (์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์žํ‘œ๊ธฐ) ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ดํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด, ์ „๋‚จ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ์ €๋ฒˆ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์ „๊ตญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šด์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ€์กฑ์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€(http://www.smpa.go.kr/) ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ "English" ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” "์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€"์˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ํ™”๋ฉด๋งŒ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ์ผ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ "๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„"์˜ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋Š” "Kyunki-Do"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ฝ์–ด๋„ "๊ฒฌ๊ธฐ๋„"๋กœ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ค๋– ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. โ–ฒ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ http://www.smpa.go.kr/smpa2007/eng/eng_03.asp ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ? http://police.go.kr/eng/index.jsp ์— ์ ‘์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  http://www.police.go.kr/eng/index.jsp ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. (์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์…‹ํŒ… ์ž˜๋ชป์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.) ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋†“๊ณ ์„œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ™€ํžˆ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์˜ณ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์ ‘์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค, ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋œจ์ด๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋จน์น ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์šด์˜์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ "๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ" ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ผ๋„ ์—ด๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€์ ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์ทจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ๋‹ค. ํƒœ๊ทธ police.go.kr, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€, ๋กœ๋งˆ์ž, ๋กœ๋งˆ์žํ‘œ๊ธฐ, ์˜๋ฌธ, ์˜๋ฌธํ‘œ๊ธฐ 2008.03.07 14:55 ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฃผ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ •/์‚ญ์ œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ 2008.03.08 15:09 ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฃผ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ •/์‚ญ์ œ ^^ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ! ^^ ์Šคํ‹ฐ์น˜ 2008.03.07 17:49 ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฃผ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ •/์‚ญ์ œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ง€์ ์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋„ค์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๋ช…์˜ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋“ค๋„ ์†”์งํžˆ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๋ช… ํ‘œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์•„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ œ์ž‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ„ดํ‚ค ์ž…์ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํํ•ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€์šด์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—…์ฒด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€์šด์˜ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์งง๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„๋„ ์•ฝ 2์ฃผ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์†์ทจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์ •๋„ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ธ€๋กœ 2008.03.08 15:08 ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ฃผ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ •/์‚ญ์ œ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› www.korean.go.kr ์—๋Š” "๋กœ๋งˆ์ž ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ"๋ผ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ฒญ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒ ์ง€์š”. ^^ ์ข‹์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
<์œ„์ณ : ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ> ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ„์ฒ˜! ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ„์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ์ •ํ†ต ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ ใ€Ž์œ„์ฒ˜ใ€. '์œ„์ฒ˜'๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ™๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋กœ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋์—†๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์œ„์ฒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์œ„์ฒ˜์˜ ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํž˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •์€ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ • ์—†์ด ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„์ฒ˜์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋กคํŠธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์—ฌ์ž ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋‹ˆํผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆ. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž ์•ˆ์ œ์ด ์‚ฌํ”„์ฝฅ์Šคํ‚ค (Andrzej Sapkowski)๋Š” 1948๋…„์ƒ. ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž, ๋ฌธํ•™๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ž‘๊ฐ€. ๋ขฐ์ธ ลoโ€ฒdzโ€ฒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ. 1993๋…„, ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์œ„์ฒ˜ ๊ฒŒ๋กคํŠธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ถ€ ์ด์ƒ ํŒ๋งค, ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์–ธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1998๋…„์—” ํด๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์ค‘ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์ง€ <ํด๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์นดPolityka>์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์Š๋ ˆ์ง€์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ผ์ธ๋งˆ๋ฅด ํฐ๋นŒ๋ผ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ 3๋ถ€์ž‘ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์†Œ์„ค(๊ด‘๋Œ€์˜ ํƒ‘, ์‹ ์˜์ „์‚ฌ, ๋ฃฉ์Šค ํŽ˜๋ฅดํŽ˜ํˆฌ์•„)๋„ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค.
How to Print Particular Parts of an Excel 2010 Workbook The Print panel in Excel 2010's Backstage view includes commands that allow you to specify which parts of a workbook you want to print. You also can specify a print area from the Page Layout tab of the Ribbon. To display the Print panel, click the File tab and choose Print (or press Ctrl+P). Specifying print areas in Backstage view You can specify print areas in the Settings section of the Print panel in Excel's Backstage view. To change what part of the worksheet is printed in the report, select an option in the Print Active Sheets button's drop-down menu โ€” you can choose from the following options: Print Active Sheets: Excel prints all the information in active worksheets in your workbook. Normally, this means printing just the data in the current worksheet. To print additional worksheets in the workbook, hold down the Ctrl key while you click the sheets' tabs. Print Entire Workbook: Select this option to have Excel print all the data in each of the worksheets in your workbook. Print Selection: Select this option to have Excel print just the cells that are currently selected in your workbook. (Remember to select these cells before opening the Print panel and choosing this printing option.) Depending on what is selected in the worksheet when you display the Print panel, you may see additional options in this menu, including Print Selected Table or Print Selected Chart. Choose the desired option based on what you want to print. Select Ignore Print Area at the bottom of the Print Active Sheets button's menu when you want one of the other print options (Print Active Sheets, Print Entire Workbook, or Print Selection) that you selected to be used in the printing rather than the print area you previously defined. Other options in the Settings area that affect what you print include the following: Pages: At times, you may need to print only a page or range of pages. To print a single page, enter its page number in both text boxes or select these page numbers with the spinner buttons. To print a range of pages, put the first page number in the first text box and the last page number in the second text box. Print One Sided: If your printer is capable of double-sided printing, you can choose one of the Print on Both Sides settings from the Print One Sided drop-down menu. Collated: When you collate pages, you simply make separate stacks of each complete report, rather than print all copies of page one, and then all copies of page two, and so on. To have Excel collate each copy of the report, ensure that Collated is selected in this menu. Setting the print area from the Ribbon You can use the Ribbon to define any cell selection in an Excel worksheet as the print area. After you define the print area, Excel then prints this cell selection anytime you print the worksheet (until you clear the print area or set another print area). To use the Ribbon to set a print area in Excel 2010, follow these steps: Select the range of cells you want to print. You can select noncontiguous areas of the worksheet by holding down the Ctrl key as you select the cell ranges. On the Page Layout tab of the Ribbon, in the Page Setup group, choose Print Areaโ†’Set Print Area. Once you define a print area, its cell range is the only one you can print (unless you select the Ignore Print Area command) until you clear the print area.Use the Print Area command to set or clear a print area. To clear a print area that you set previously, choose Print Areaโ†’Clear Print Area on the Page Layout tab of the Ribbon.
๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ง๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŒŒ๋ฆฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์บ ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์†์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์Œํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์Œํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ž„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์Œํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์บ ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ๋น„์ฃผ์–ผ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œํ–ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค; ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์† ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณ„ ํƒ‘ ์ข…์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ Œ์น˜๋กœ ์—‡๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„ ์Œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํ˜ธ์‹ค์  ๋‚ธ ์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฐ€, 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋„ '์พŒ์ฒญ' 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํ˜ธ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‚ธ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์‹ค์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Œ€๊ธˆ์ด ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. 11์ผ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—์…‹๋Œ€์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์˜์—…์ด์ต์ด 2146์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 49.6% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. NHํˆฌ์ž์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์˜์—…์ด์ต์€ 1763์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ 46.9% ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ข…๊ธˆ์ฆ๊ถŒ์€ 1351์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ 38.1% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ข…๊ธˆ์€ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋‹น๊ธฐ์ˆœ์ด์ต 1034์–ต์›์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ด์ต 1000์–ต์›์„ ๋ŒํŒŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‚ค์›€์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ ์˜์—…์ด์ต์€ 1142์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ 45.22% ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ฆ๊ถŒ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ธก๋„ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค. ์›์žฌ์›… NHํˆฌ์ž์ฆ๊ถŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ "์ง€๋‚œ 2โˆผ3์›” ์ฆ์‹œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  1์›” ํ˜ธ์‹ค์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ ์„ ๋ƒˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ"์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Œ€๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ค์  ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋Š” 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋“ค์–ด ์ผํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Œ€๊ธˆ์€ 15์กฐ9000์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์—๋„ 14์กฐ3000์–ต์›์œผ๋กœ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜(13์กฐ7000์–ต์›)๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐฐ์Šน ์ผ€์ดํ”„ํˆฌ์ž์ฆ๊ถŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ "2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ฆ๊ถŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ "ํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Œ€๊ธˆ์ด ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 20% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ดค๋‹ค. ํ˜ธ์‹ค์ ์— ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋„ ํ™”๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋‚  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—์…‹๋Œ€์šฐ๋Š” ์ „๋‚ ๋ณด๋‹ค 5.35% ์˜ค๋ฅธ 1๋งŒ50์›์— ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค๋‹ค. NHํˆฌ์ž์ฆ๊ถŒ(5.10%), ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ข…๊ธˆ์ฆ๊ถŒ(4.10%), ํ‚ค์›€์ฆ๊ถŒ(2.50%)๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Night at Brant Rock While Guglielmo Marconi sent the first message by wireless in 1896, Canadian inventor Reginald Fessenden saw greater potential. Fessenden was Thomas Edison's chief chemist at Menlo Park just a few years before, and throughout the 1890s he independently researched the science of electromagnetism. Fessenden studied the design of Marconi's method of transmitting wireless. While it unquestionably did the job, he noted its flaws. The telegraph key and spark-gap transmitter sent a โ€œwhip-crack of the etherโ€ on no specific frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum. The telegraph signals could be picked up by any receiver anywhere. This was fine for ships at sea, but not for military communication or anything else requiring privacy. Fessenden's idea was to send continuous waves of electrical signal across the ether that could carry sounds of voices and music. Scientists proposed different theories of how wireless signals were transmitted on the ether. Fessenden's โ€œgliding waveโ€ theory stated that radio waves were โ€œattached to and guided by the earth's surface.โ€ High frequency electrical waves, he explained, could propagate from a grounded transmission system and follow the curvature of the Earth. Both earth-based electric currents and magnetic and electrostatic fields in the air would carry the waves. An early opportunity The U.S. Weather Bureau hired Fessenden in 1900 to research and invent a wireless device to communicate with outlying stations tracking severe weather. He set up shop on Cobb Island on the Potomac River in Washington, DC, and developed an electrolyte-based detector he called the โ€œbarreter.โ€ This device consisted of a metal plate immersed in a liquid solution that could generate a continuous electrical wave when current was applied. The tests in 1900 resulted in spoken words transmitted wirelessly and received one mile away. Fessenden's assistant pressed his earphones to his ears and underneath the roar of static, he heard faint words: โ€œOne, two, three, four. Is it snowing there, Mr. Thiessen?โ€ the voice said. โ€œIf it is, telegraph me back.โ€ It worked. The Weather Bureau was impressed with his results and agreed to continue financing his experiments. He patented his method in 1901. The barreter's biggest problem was that it was plagued by atmospheric distortion. Fessenden looked for ways to improve it and examined Nikola Tesla's research on electromagnetism and generation of high frequency waves using alternating current. He wanted to design his own system using a mechanical generator to transmit 100 kilocycle electrical waves through the air; in simpler terms, amplitude modulation. Later that year he moved his research base to Roanoke Island in North Carolina. While there, he kept innovating. In 1902 he combined two signals to produce one with a new frequency. He named the circuit the โ€œheterodyne,โ€ after โ€œother forceโ€ in Greek. His primitive equipment, though, could not produce the precise frequencies the circuit required. Two Pittsburgh investors approached Fessenden in 1902. They had big plans to turn the results from Fessenden's experiments into a commercial service, and to compete with Marconi for transatlantic operation. With their financing, he formed the National Electric Signaling Company. Engineers at General Electric were hired to design and build the required 100 kilocycle alternator. He erected a tower and installed the alternator at a station at Brant Rock near Boston in 1904. The big night General Electric's alternator worked but reception was nonexistent during daylight hours. After much fine-tuning, fishing boats started receiving his test signals in 1906. Inspired by the success, Fessenden scheduled a holiday radio program and asked phonograph companies to donate records. In his test broadcasts late that year, he announced the special Christmas Eve program to his several listeners. While the stockings were hung by the chimneys with care on the mainland, shipboard wireless operators were surprised to hear violin music instead of the usual dots and dashes. When the music ended, the crackly voice of the world's first disc jockey floated prominently through the static. โ€œIf anyone hears this,โ€ it said, โ€œplease write to Mr. Fessenden at Brant Rock.โ€ Fessenden himself then played O, Holy Night on the violin โ€” singing the last verse; read passages from the bible; and played Handel's Largo from the Serse opera on a phonograph record. He repeated the program on New Year's Eve. To him, at least, it was a success. The general public never learned of it, though. Only a few fishermen, naval officers and wireless hobbyists were privy. His backers declared their interest in transatlantic telegraphy and walked out. Disappointed in the overall result, Fessenden decided radio would never serve as a form of entertainment. Fessenden accomplished what he had set out to do: he proved voice and music could be carried by continuous wireless waves. Others, though, deserve credit as well. Thomas Edison invented the hot-cathode vacuum tube in 1884. Borrowing on the tube's โ€œEdison effect,โ€ Ambrose Fleming created and patented the diode โ€œvalveโ€ tube in 1904, which forced directional current flow. Lee de Forest added a third electrode to Fleming's diode in 1907 and called it the Audion tube. Later, Edwin Armstrong experimented with the Audion tube and designed the first audio amplifier, the regenerative circuit. Armstrong took the modified Audion tubes and wired a circuit that received and produced RF waves โ€” Fessenden's mechanical alternator had just been made obsolete by the vacuum tube. Later in 1916, Armstrong combined the heterodyne with his regenerative circuit and created the โ€œsuperheterodyne,โ€ a four-stage amplifier whose basic design is still used to this day. Singer is a freelance writer and a former radio engineer in Cincinnati, www.allensedge.com. Dec. 24, 2006, will mark the 100th anniversary of Fessenden's audio broadcast, and as the radio industry recognizes the contribution of this achievement next month, Radio magazine will recognize the top 100 technology achievements that helped shape radio broadcasting. Look for this special feature next month in Radio magazine. Acceptable Use Policy blog comments powered by Disqus [an error occurred while processing this directive] Today in Radio History The history of radio broadcasting extends beyond the work of a few famous inventors. EAS Information More on EAS The feed provides feeds for all US states and territories. Need a calendar for your computer desktop? Use one of ours. Information from manufacturers and associations about industry news, products, technology and business announcements. This high-visibility and high-traffic area got the full acoustic treatment. Browse Back Issues[an error occurred while processing this directive] Also in the May Issue - Remote Access and Site Connectivity: Wireless - Standards of FM Allocation and Interference - Side by Side: Mic Processors - Field Report: Deva Broadcast DB4004 - Field Report: APT WorldCast Systems Horizon NextGen - New Products - 20 Years of Radio magazine: May 1994
The trial process can be intimidating for legal novices and veterans alike. The public nature of trial, competitive atmosphere, and personal investment in the proceedings can make the experience very stressful. However, the process can be less painful when you know what to expect. This article will outline the stages of trial and describe what you will see as a participant. Jury Selection. Before the trial begins, your attorney may have the opportunity to select a jury to decide the case (This assumes that the case qualifies for a jury, and that you have not chosen to have a judge decide the case instead.). After the judge makes introductory remarks and the jurors swear to tell the truth, the attorneys begin the selection process. Each attorney will ask the jurors questions about their backgrounds and experiences. The attorney can then โ€œstrikeโ€ a juror from the panel if he decides that the person would not be likely to decide the case in his favor. The final jury will be made up of whoever is left in the group. Note that this process may vary between courts. Opening/Closing Statements. To begin and end the trial, each attorney will give a statement. The opening statement tells the jury what to expect during the trial. An attorney will often tell the โ€œstoryโ€ of the case, outline the important evidence, and provide a timeline for important events. The closing statement is an argument of how the evidence supported the attorneyโ€™s theory of the case. While opening statements are usually a few minutes long, closing arguments can be significantly longer. Direct Examination. In this stage, each attorney will call witnesses to present evidence that supports their cases. This usually occurs in a โ€œquestion and answerโ€ format, where the attorney prompts a witness to answer a series of questions rather than having the witness tell their entire story in a long speech. The attorney may also bring in โ€œexhibits,โ€ or actual pieces of evidence to show to the jury. Cross-Examination. Once an attorney has questioned a witness, the opposing attorney may ask the witness questions as well. A witness under cross-examination can expect to hear leading questions, such as โ€œIsnโ€™t it true . . .?โ€ or โ€œDidnโ€™t you previously testify that . . .?โ€ These questions are often designed to show inconsistencies in the witnessโ€™s statement or to bring out negative information about the opposing partyโ€™s case. If you are under cross-examination, try to relax, consider the attorneyโ€™s question carefully, and always provide an honest answer. However, also remember to only answer the question that is being asked rather than try to explain with more information. Your own attorney can โ€œre-direct,โ€ or ask you more questions, if the opposing attorneyโ€™s questions seem unfair. Objections. During the course of a trial, you will hear the attorneys make โ€œobjections.โ€ While objections can be made for a variety of reasons, the attorney is often saying that: (1) the evidence being presented is not legally appropriate; or (2) the other attorneyโ€™s question to a witness is improperly stated. If you are testifying when the opposing attorney objects, stop speaking and wait for instructions. Appeal. After the judge or jury has given its final verdict, your case is not necessarily over. Attorneys can still ask the court to change the verdict or ask for a new trial. If these motions are rejected, then the judgment is final, and the only alternative is to appeal to a higher court. Feel free to ask a legal questions that you would like answered. Your question will go directly and only to Deskin Law Firm, a professional law corporation. Deskin Law Firm will contact you directly to discuss your situation, usually via telephone, so please provide multiple ways to reach you via phone. Your situation will be kept confidential. There is no cost to discuss your situation and no attorney-client relationship is created by simply filling out the form and sending it.
๊ฐ•์ฒ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ (์• ๋‹ˆ์›) - ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜ธ์—”ํ•˜์ž„
List of literary genres |History and lists| ||This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013)| Classifications of literature The following is a list of genres in literature. A literary genre is a category, type or class of literature. Major forms of literature The major forms of Literature are: Various forms of literature are written in and further categorized by genre. Sometimes forms are used interchangeably to define genre. However, a form, e.g., a novel or a poem, can itself be written in any genre. Genre is a label that characterizes elements a reader can expect in a work of literature. The major forms of literature can be written in various genres. Classic major genres Genre is a category characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. The classic major genres of Literature are: Genre categories: fiction and nonfiction Genre may fall under one of two categories: Fiction and Nonfiction. Any genre can be either: a work of Fiction (nonfactual descriptions and events invented by the author) or a work of Nonfiction (a communication in which descriptions and events are understood to be factual). Common genres: fiction Subsets of genres, known as common genres, have developed from the archetypes of genres in written expression. The common genres included in recommended Literature from kindergarten through Grade Twelve by the California Department of Education are defined as: - Drama - stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action - Fable - narration demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary, supernatural tale - Fairy tale - story about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children - Fantasy - fiction with strange or other worldly settings or characters; fiction which invites suspension of reality - Fiction narrative - literary works whose content is produced by the imagination and is not necessarily based on fact - Fiction in verse - full-length novels with plot, subplot(s), theme(s), major and minor characters, in which the narrative is presented in (usually blank) verse form - Folklore - the songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a people or "folk" as handed down by word of mouth - Historical fiction - story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting - Horror - fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader - Humor - fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement, meant to entertain; but can be contained in all genres - Legend - story, sometimes of a national or folk hero, that has a basis in fact but also includes imaginative material - Mystery - fiction dealing with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets - Mythology - legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods - Poetry - verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that creates emotional responses - Realistic fiction - story that is true to life - Science fiction- story based on impact of actual, imagined, or potential science, usually set in the future or on other planets - Short story- fiction of such brevity that it supports no subplots - Tall tale - humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with nonchalance Common genres: nonfiction Narrative of a Person's Life - A true story about a real person. - Essay - A short literary composition that reflects the author's outlook or point. Narrative Nonfiction - Factual information presented in a format which tells a story. - Speech - Public address or discourse - Textbooks - Authoritative and detailed factual descriptions of a topic. Literary fiction vs. genre fiction Literary fiction is a term used to distinguish certain fictional works that possess commonly held qualities that constitute literary merit. Genre works are written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. Literary fiction may fit within a classification of market fiction, but also possesses generally agreed upon qualities such as "elegantly written, lyrical, and ... layered" that appeals to readers outside genre fiction. Literary fiction has been defined as any fiction that attempts to engage with one or more truths or questions, hence relevant to a broad scope of humanity as a form of expression. There are many sources that help readers find and define literary fiction and genre fiction. Genres and subgenres Some genres listed may reappear throughout the list, indicating cross-genre status. ||This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012)| - Absurdist fiction - Adventure novel - Brit lit - Children's literature - Comic novel - Education fiction - Experimental fiction - Erotic fiction - Historical fiction - Literary fiction - Mathematical fiction - Nonfiction novel - Occupational fiction - Philosophical fiction - Political fiction - Pulp fiction - Quantum fiction - Religious fiction - Speculative fiction - Science fiction - by Theme - By setting - Speculative cross-genre fiction - Suspense fiction - Women's fiction - Workplace tell-all - Urban fiction - General cross-genre Nonfiction genres These are genres belonging to the realm of nonfiction. Some genres listed may reappear throughout the list, indicating cross-genre status. - Creative nonfiction - Diaries and Journals - Erotic literature - Essay, Treatise - Fable, Fairy tale, Folklore - Religious text - Literary Genres - Recommended California Department of Education - Nancy Pearl, Now Read This: A Guide to Mainstream Fiction, Libraries Unlimited, 1999, 432 pp. (1-56308-659-X) - Saricks, J. (2001). The Readers' Advisory Guide to Genre Fiction. Chicago and London: American Library Association.
์‚ผ์„ฑ ์ง์—… ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์‹œ์ฆŒ 2
ํ•˜์œค์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ต์œก๊ฐ ํ›„๋ณด โ€œ์ง„๋ณด๊ต์œก 8๋…„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์  ๊ต์œก ์น˜์ค‘โ€ ์ค‘๋„๋ณด์ˆ˜ ํ›„๋ณด์ธ ํ•˜์œค์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ๊ต์œก๊ฐ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” 24์ผ โ€œ์ง„๋ณด๊ต์œก 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ต์œก๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋…ยท์ •ํŒŒ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™, ์ธ๊ถŒ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ต์œก์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•ด์™”๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋‚  ๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€œ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์˜์‚ฌ ํ‘œ์ถœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ํƒ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ๊ฐ์ข… ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œกโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€œ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ง„๋ณด๊ต์œก 8๋…„์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์†Œ์–‘์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ฒด๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์—ผ์›์„ ๊ณ„์† ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•ด์™”๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์ง๊ฒฉํƒ„์„ ๋‚ ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋‚  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ต์œก ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€˜์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก 10๋Œ€ ๊ณต์•ฝโ€™์„ ๋‚ด๋†จ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ•™๊ต-๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ยทํ˜‘์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์ง„ํฅ์› ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ ์ƒยทํ•˜๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋ณต์›์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์šด๋™ํšŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ-ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ-๊ต์› ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋ฐ– ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์•ˆํ•™๊ต์—๋„ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ์ ์šฉํ† ๋ก ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ธ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ยท๋ฌธํ™”๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ›„ํ•™๊ต ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋ฌธํ™”์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ง€์›๋‹จ ์šด์˜์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ณต์ง€ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ œ์™€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฌธํ™”ยท์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋™์•„๋ฆฌ ์ง€์›์— ํ–‰ยท์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ์นจ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ›„ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ›„ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  1์ธ 1์ข…๋ชฉ ํŠน๊ธฐ์ ์„ฑ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ๋„ ์ง‘์ค‘ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ฒด์œก๋Œ€ํšŒ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋„ ๊ณต์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋‹จ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…์„œ๋ฌธํ™” ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์žฅยท๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋…์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”์—๋„ ํž˜์จ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.
Melting snow prompts border change between Switzerland and Italy Tuesday 24 March 2009 Global warming is dissolving the Alpine glaciers so rapidly that Italy and Switzerland have decided they must re-draw their national borders to take account of the new realities. The border has been fixed since 1861, when Italy became a unified state. But for the past century the surface area of the โ€œcryosphereโ€, the zone of glaciers, permanent snow cover and permafrost, has been shrinking steadily, with dramatic acceleration in the past five years. This is the area over which the national frontier passes and the two countries have now agreed to have their experts sit down together and hash out where it ought to run now. Daniel Gutknecht, responsible for the co-ordination of national borders at Switzerlandโ€™s Office of Topography, said โ€œthe border is moving because of the warmer climateโ€, among other reasons. In Italy, the change in frontier requires that parliament approve a new law before it can happen. Franco Narducci, an opposition member of the foreign affairs committee, is preparing the bill to be put to MPs. The draft law has already been endorsed by the Foreign Minister, Franco Frattini, and is expected to become law before the end of next month. In Switzerland no new law is required to make the changes. The zones affected include areas around the Matterhorn, the 4,478-metre-high mountain known in Italy as il Cervino. The frontier will have to be shifted between a few metres and a hundred metres, but there will be no impact on border communities as the frontier, which is more than 4,000 metres above sea level, is well above any human habitation. The new border will address changes that have been noticeable for at least 20 years, according to Luca Mercalli, a well-known Italian metereologist and climatologist. โ€œBut the melting of the glaciers has been accelerating since the very hot summer of 2003,โ€ he said. โ€œThat heatwave caused a lot of changes in the landscape, and many landslides resulted from the melting of the permafrost. For the first time ever the zero-degree altitude went higher than 4,000 metres, and the morphology of many parts of the mountains began to change.โ€ Mr Mercalli says it is not only glaciers but other points of reference used in delimiting the border that have changed their position under the impact of global warming. โ€œIn places the conventional border fixed in 1861 followed water courses, and where glaciers have melted these may have changed significantly,โ€ he said. The decision to redraw the border is a dramatic reminder of how seriously mountains are affected by climate change, he added. โ€œThe mountains are particularly sensitive to change. And they are also areas that teach us a lot: effects of climate change that you donโ€™t notice in the cities are vividly apparent in the mountains. Increased incidence of mud and rock slides, caused when soft ground previously covered by permafrost is exposed to rain, is only the most dramatic consequence.โ€ The redrawing of the borders brings together the geological and geographical experts of two countries which have adopted drastically different approaches to global warming. In Switzerland the government has been fully aware of the problem for years, and is actively engaged in reducing atmospheric pollution and energy use to minimise human impact on the atmosphere. In Italy, on the other hand, scepticism prevails. The Berlusconi government threatened to veto the EU Energy and Climate Package last October, and Italy is among the worst-performing states in the Climate Change Performance Index. Look beyond the usual shows for the best festive telly Geoffrey Macnab does not like the comedian's big screen debut The battle for control of Stieg Larsson's ยฃ30m legacy French pub fined โ‚ฌ9,000 after customers returned empties to bar - because it's 'undeclared labour' Ten best places to live in the UK: Hart in Hampshire takes top spot Winter Solstice marks shortest day of the year Burglar steals video tapes of child abuse, hands them into police Paul Walker's daughter Meadow attends Justin Bieber Believe premiere Exclusive: Young people โ€˜want UK to stay in Europeโ€™: Four in 10 adults aged 18 to 24 are โ€˜firmly in favourโ€™ of membership, poll shows Tom Daley โ€˜is gay because his father diedโ€™ says UK evangelist Iain Duncan Smith leaves Commons food banks debate early David Cameron takes his biggest gamble yet as he gets tough on Europe over immigration Kiss and yell: Italian protester charged with sexual assault after kissing riot police officer PM denies two child limit for benefits is part of Tory welfare policy - 1 Tim Sherwood challenges Daniel Levy to set out vision for Tottenham Hotspurโ€™s future - 2 French pub fined โ‚ฌ9,000 after customers returned empties to bar - because it's 'undeclared labour' - 3 Sun will 'flip upside down' within weeks, says Nasa - 4 #Teamnigella: Itโ€™s the only side to be on - 5 Christmas comes early: Justin Bieber is 'retiring from music' - < Previous - Next > Negotiable: Capita Education Resourcing Permanent Team: Year 6 Teacher - Gilli... 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Earthworms โ€“ More Than Bait Abundant in moist, heavy soils, earthworms are a natural component of healthy lawns. Their diet of dirt, organic matter, and excrete plant litter in the form of a rich digestive by-product called castings. These small, hardened piles are scattered across the ground. While initially felt underfoot, castings will eventually break down, providing your lawn with a dose of natural fertilizer. You can also buy worm castings for this purpose. In addition to providing nutrients for plants, earthworms aid in thatch decomposition, improve soil aeration, and increase water penetration through their extensive burrowing.