See our collection for versions of Deepseek-R1 including GGUF and original formats.

Instructions to run this model in llama.cpp:

Or you can view more detailed instructions here: unsloth.ai/blog/deepseek-r1

  1. Do not forget about <|User|> and <|Assistant|> tokens! - Or use a chat template formatter

  2. Obtain the latest llama.cpp at https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp

  3. Example with Q8_0 K quantized cache Notice -no-cnv disables auto conversation mode

    ./llama.cpp/llama-cli \
        --model unsloth/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B-GGUF/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B-Q4_K_M.gguf \
        --cache-type-k q8_0 \
        --threads 16 \
        --prompt '<|User|>What is 1+1?<|Assistant|>' \
        -no-cnv
    

    Example output:

     <think>
     Okay, so I need to figure out what 1 plus 1 is. Hmm, where do I even start? I remember from school that adding numbers is pretty basic, but I want to make sure I understand it properly.
     Let me think, 1 plus 1. So, I have one item and I add another one. Maybe like a apple plus another apple. If I have one apple and someone gives me another, I now have two apples. So, 1 plus 1 should be 2. That makes sense.
     Wait, but sometimes math can be tricky. Could it be something else? Like, in a different number system maybe? But I think the question is straightforward, using regular numbers, not like binary or hexadecimal or anything.
     I also recall that in arithmetic, addition is combining quantities. So, if you have two quantities of 1, combining them gives you a total of 2. Yeah, that seems right.
     Is there a scenario where 1 plus 1 wouldn't be 2? I can't think of any...
    
  4. If you have a GPU (RTX 4090 for example) with 24GB, you can offload multiple layers to the GPU for faster processing. If you have multiple GPUs, you can probably offload more layers.

    ./llama.cpp/llama-cli \
    --model unsloth/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B-GGUF/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B-Q4_K_M.gguf
    --cache-type-k q8_0 
    --threads 16 
    --prompt '<|User|>What is 1+1?<|Assistant|>'
    --n-gpu-layers 20 \
     -no-cnv
    

Finetune LLMs 2-5x faster with 70% less memory via Unsloth!

We have a free Google Colab Tesla T4 notebook for Llama 3.1 (8B) here: https://colab.research.google.com/github/unslothai/notebooks/blob/main/nb/Llama3.1_(8B)-Alpaca.ipynb

✨ Finetune for Free

All notebooks are beginner friendly! Add your dataset, click "Run All", and you'll get a 2x faster finetuned model which can be exported to GGUF, vLLM or uploaded to Hugging Face.

Unsloth supports Free Notebooks Performance Memory use
Llama-3.2 (3B) ▶️ Start on Colab 2.4x faster 58% less
Llama-3.2 (11B vision) ▶️ Start on Colab 2x faster 60% less
Qwen2 VL (7B) ▶️ Start on Colab 1.8x faster 60% less
Qwen2.5 (7B) ▶️ Start on Colab 2x faster 60% less
Llama-3.1 (8B) ▶️ Start on Colab 2.4x faster 58% less
Phi-3.5 (mini) ▶️ Start on Colab 2x faster 50% less
Gemma 2 (9B) ▶️ Start on Colab 2.4x faster 58% less
Mistral (7B) ▶️ Start on Colab 2.2x faster 62% less

Special Thanks

A huge thank you to the DeepSeek team for creating and releasing these models.

1. Introduction

We introduce our first-generation reasoning models, DeepSeek-R1-Zero and DeepSeek-R1. DeepSeek-R1-Zero, a model trained via large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) without supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a preliminary step, demonstrated remarkable performance on reasoning. With RL, DeepSeek-R1-Zero naturally emerged with numerous powerful and interesting reasoning behaviors. However, DeepSeek-R1-Zero encounters challenges such as endless repetition, poor readability, and language mixing. To address these issues and further enhance reasoning performance, we introduce DeepSeek-R1, which incorporates cold-start data before RL. DeepSeek-R1 achieves performance comparable to OpenAI-o1 across math, code, and reasoning tasks. To support the research community, we have open-sourced DeepSeek-R1-Zero, DeepSeek-R1, and six dense models distilled from DeepSeek-R1 based on Llama and Qwen. DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B outperforms OpenAI-o1-mini across various benchmarks, achieving new state-of-the-art results for dense models.

2. Model Summary


Post-Training: Large-Scale Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model

  • We directly apply reinforcement learning (RL) to the base model without relying on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a preliminary step. This approach allows the model to explore chain-of-thought (CoT) for solving complex problems, resulting in the development of DeepSeek-R1-Zero. DeepSeek-R1-Zero demonstrates capabilities such as self-verification, reflection, and generating long CoTs, marking a significant milestone for the research community. Notably, it is the first open research to validate that reasoning capabilities of LLMs can be incentivized purely through RL, without the need for SFT. This breakthrough paves the way for future advancements in this area.

  • We introduce our pipeline to develop DeepSeek-R1. The pipeline incorporates two RL stages aimed at discovering improved reasoning patterns and aligning with human preferences, as well as two SFT stages that serve as the seed for the model's reasoning and non-reasoning capabilities. We believe the pipeline will benefit the industry by creating better models.


Distillation: Smaller Models Can Be Powerful Too

  • We demonstrate that the reasoning patterns of larger models can be distilled into smaller models, resulting in better performance compared to the reasoning patterns discovered through RL on small models. The open source DeepSeek-R1, as well as its API, will benefit the research community to distill better smaller models in the future.
  • Using the reasoning data generated by DeepSeek-R1, we fine-tuned several dense models that are widely used in the research community. The evaluation results demonstrate that the distilled smaller dense models perform exceptionally well on benchmarks. We open-source distilled 1.5B, 7B, 8B, 14B, 32B, and 70B checkpoints based on Qwen2.5 and Llama3 series to the community.

3. Model Downloads

DeepSeek-R1 Models

Model #Total Params #Activated Params Context Length Download
DeepSeek-R1-Zero 671B 37B 128K 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1 671B 37B 128K 🤗 HuggingFace

DeepSeek-R1-Zero & DeepSeek-R1 are trained based on DeepSeek-V3-Base. For more details regrading the model architecture, please refer to DeepSeek-V3 repository.

DeepSeek-R1-Distill Models

Model Base Model Download
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B Qwen2.5-Math-1.5B 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B Qwen2.5-Math-7B 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B Llama-3.1-8B 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B Qwen2.5-14B 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B Qwen2.5-32B 🤗 HuggingFace
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct 🤗 HuggingFace

DeepSeek-R1-Distill models are fine-tuned based on open-source models, using samples generated by DeepSeek-R1. We slightly change their configs and tokenizers. Please use our setting to run these models.

4. Evaluation Results

DeepSeek-R1-Evaluation

For all our models, the maximum generation length is set to 32,768 tokens. For benchmarks requiring sampling, we use a temperature of $0.6$, a top-p value of $0.95$, and generate 64 responses per query to estimate pass@1.

Category Benchmark (Metric) Claude-3.5-Sonnet-1022 GPT-4o 0513 DeepSeek V3 OpenAI o1-mini OpenAI o1-1217 DeepSeek R1
Architecture - - MoE - - MoE
# Activated Params - - 37B - - 37B
# Total Params - - 671B - - 671B
English MMLU (Pass@1) 88.3 87.2 88.5 85.2 91.8 90.8
MMLU-Redux (EM) 88.9 88.0 89.1 86.7 - 92.9
MMLU-Pro (EM) 78.0 72.6 75.9 80.3 - 84.0
DROP (3-shot F1) 88.3 83.7 91.6 83.9 90.2 92.2
IF-Eval (Prompt Strict) 86.5 84.3 86.1 84.8 - 83.3
GPQA-Diamond (Pass@1) 65.0 49.9 59.1 60.0 75.7 71.5
SimpleQA (Correct) 28.4 38.2 24.9 7.0 47.0 30.1
FRAMES (Acc.) 72.5 80.5 73.3 76.9 - 82.5
AlpacaEval2.0 (LC-winrate) 52.0 51.1 70.0 57.8 - 87.6
ArenaHard (GPT-4-1106) 85.2 80.4 85.5 92.0 - 92.3
Code LiveCodeBench (Pass@1-COT) 33.8 34.2 - 53.8 63.4 65.9
Codeforces (Percentile) 20.3 23.6 58.7 93.4 96.6 96.3
Codeforces (Rating) 717 759 1134 1820 2061 2029
SWE Verified (Resolved) 50.8 38.8 42.0 41.6 48.9 49.2
Aider-Polyglot (Acc.) 45.3 16.0 49.6 32.9 61.7 53.3
Math AIME 2024 (Pass@1) 16.0 9.3 39.2 63.6 79.2 79.8
MATH-500 (Pass@1) 78.3 74.6 90.2 90.0 96.4 97.3
CNMO 2024 (Pass@1) 13.1 10.8 43.2 67.6 - 78.8
Chinese CLUEWSC (EM) 85.4 87.9 90.9 89.9 - 92.8
C-Eval (EM) 76.7 76.0 86.5 68.9 - 91.8
C-SimpleQA (Correct) 55.4 58.7 68.0 40.3 - 63.7

Distilled Model Evaluation

Model AIME 2024 pass@1 AIME 2024 cons@64 MATH-500 pass@1 GPQA Diamond pass@1 LiveCodeBench pass@1 CodeForces rating
GPT-4o-0513 9.3 13.4 74.6 49.9 32.9 759
Claude-3.5-Sonnet-1022 16.0 26.7 78.3 65.0 38.9 717
o1-mini 63.6 80.0 90.0 60.0 53.8 1820
QwQ-32B-Preview 44.0 60.0 90.6 54.5 41.9 1316
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B 28.9 52.7 83.9 33.8 16.9 954
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B 55.5 83.3 92.8 49.1 37.6 1189
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B 69.7 80.0 93.9 59.1 53.1 1481
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B 72.6 83.3 94.3 62.1 57.2 1691
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B 50.4 80.0 89.1 49.0 39.6 1205
DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B 70.0 86.7 94.5 65.2 57.5 1633

5. Chat Website & API Platform

You can chat with DeepSeek-R1 on DeepSeek's official website: chat.deepseek.com, and switch on the button "DeepThink"

We also provide OpenAI-Compatible API at DeepSeek Platform: platform.deepseek.com

6. How to Run Locally

DeepSeek-R1 Models

Please visit DeepSeek-V3 repo for more information about running DeepSeek-R1 locally.

DeepSeek-R1-Distill Models

DeepSeek-R1-Distill models can be utilized in the same manner as Qwen or Llama models.

For instance, you can easily start a service using vLLM:

vllm serve deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B --tensor-parallel-size 2 --max-model-len 32768 --enforce-eager

NOTE: We recommend setting an appropriate temperature (between 0.5 and 0.7) when running these models, otherwise you may encounter issues with endless repetition or incoherent output.

7. License

This code repository and the model weights are licensed under the MIT License. DeepSeek-R1 series support commercial use, allow for any modifications and derivative works, including, but not limited to, distillation for training other LLMs. Please note that:

  • DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B are derived from Qwen-2.5 series, which are originally licensed under Apache 2.0 License, and now finetuned with 800k samples curated with DeepSeek-R1.
  • DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B is derived from Llama3.1-8B-Base and is originally licensed under llama3.1 license.
  • DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B is derived from Llama3.3-70B-Instruct and is originally licensed under llama3.3 license.

8. Citation


9. Contact

If you have any questions, please raise an issue or contact us at [email protected].

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