Breast milk oligosaccharides: effects of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose on the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Salmonella fyris to Caco-2 cells.
Background: It is well known that human milk oligosaccharides play an important role as prebiotics, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective agents. In the last few years, several studies have been performed using specific oligosaccharides, such as 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialylactose, to evaluate their biological functions. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive effect of the above oligosaccharides on Escherichia coli and Salmonella fyris. Methods: Adhesion experiments were performed in the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose as potential inhibitors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella fyris adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The oligosaccharides were used at different concentrations and the adhesion experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. Results: A significant reduction of Escherichia coli adhesion was observed in the presence of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose at the human milk concentration. On the contrary, no positive effects were observed in both oligosaccharides on Salmonella firis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the supplementation in infant formulas of 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose, actually commercially available and absent in cow milk, could play positive effects in artificially fed infants.