Lithotripsy is the equipment used to crush the stones
.Cystoscopic litholapaxy Under GA, cystoscope is passed and the stone is visualized. It is fragmented by pneumatic, laser, electromagnetic waves or mechano-hydraulic lithotripsy. The bladder is flushed using an irrigator (Freyer's evacuator or irrigator or Ellik's evacuator).in extracopreal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)Piezo-Ceramic or Electromagnetic shock waves are passed to the stone through water bath or water cushion which acts as a media. Shocks are produced at 2/sec. 1000-4000 shocks are required for each stone. * Dornier Lithotripter is used for fragmenting stones. * Stone is located and observed through fluoroscope (C-ARM) or ultrasound. Shock waves are triggered to create compressive waves over the stone, to fragment it. These fragments are flushed out later. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 957
High frequency (CW) US used
High frequency pulsed wave
Low frequency continuous wave
Medium range (2.5 MHz) pulsed wave are used
Urology