Which of the follow ingstatement about atheroscelerosis is true?
Ans. a. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid is associated with decreased risk 'Med Essentials '{Kaplan Publishing} 2007/249; "Pan Vascular Medicine ' by Topal (2002//90)Intake of unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > SI UFA) is associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis."Intake of unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > MU FA)i is associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis. The maximal benefit is observed with omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, howe\-er monounsaturated fatty acids also have consistent anti-atherosclerotic benefits and both polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are considered cardioprotective fatty acids. "''Hyperlipidemia and more specifically hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Even in the absence of other factors, hypercholesterolemia is sufficient to stimulate lesion developmentRobbins 8* p497".Atherosclerosis is always severe in areas where pressure and velocity are high (as in arteries) in contrast to areas where pressure and velocity are low (as in veins). Overall atherosclerosis is more severe in high-pressure arteries than in pulmonary arteries with lower blood pressure. It is least severe in veins where pressure and velocity are lowest. 'Pan - Vascular Medicine' by Topol (2002J/90"Abdominal aorta is more commonly involved than thoracic aorta in atherosclerosis. Within the abdominal aorta lesions tend to be more prominent around the ostia. - 'Med Essentials' (Kaplan Publishing) 2007/249"In the systemic circulation severity is accentuated in the abdominal aorta and large arteries of the lower limb where pulse wave reflection and summation effect elevate the pulse and systolic pressures. The disease is more severe in large rather than small vessels indicating the importance of mural tension and Reynolds number both of which are proportional to radius increasing the likelihood and severity of effects of blood flow disturbance at arterial forks, junctions and curvatures''- 'Pan Vascular Medicine' by Topal (2002)/90"Atherosclerosis: Most heavily vessels involved are abdominal aorta > Thoracic aorta > Coronary? arteries > Popliteal arteries > Internal carotid arteries > Vessels of circle of Wiilis.Risk factors for AtherosclerosisFirmly establishedRelative* Hypercholesterolemia* Cigarette smoking* Hypertension* Diabetes mellitus* Advanced age* Male gender* Hypertriglyceridemia* Hyperhomocystenemia* Sedentary lifestyle* Family history
Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid is associated with decreased risk
Thoracic aorta involvement is more severe than abdominal aorta involvement
Extent of lesion in veins is same as that in arteries
Hypercholesterolemia does not always increase the risk of atherosclerosis perse
Peripheral Vascular Disease