In Video assisted thoracoscooic surgery for better vision the space in the operative field is created by-
In contrast to most laparoscopic techniques, the working space for VATs is created not by adding an insuffalation gas but rather by removing air from the ipsilateral lung parenchyma causing collapse of the ipsilateral lung. Ref : Sabiston, 17/e p465
Self retaining retractor
Collapse of ipsilateral lung
Rib spacing
Co2 insufflations
Cardio thoracic surgery  