Reticulocytosis is seen in all except
ref Harrison 18/e p454; 17/e p359-361 and ghai 6/e p306 see the table7.1 reticulocytes are nonnucleated sherical cells bigger than normal RBC's and are polychromatic (having a blue colour) Due to the presence of free ribosomes and RNA Iron deficiency arises in a variety of settings: * Chronic blood loss is the most impoant cause of iron deficiency anemia in the Western world; the most common sources of bleeding are the gastroin- testinal tract (e.g., peptic ulcers, colonic cancer, hemor- rhoids) and the female genital tract (e.g., menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, cancers). * In the developing world, low intake and poor bio- availability due to predominantly vegetarian diets are the most common causes of iron deficiency. In the United States, low dietary intake is an infrequent culprit but is sometimes culpable in infants fed exclusively milk, the impoverished, the elderly, and teenagers subsist- ing predominantly on junk food. * Increased demands not met by normal dietary intake occur worldwide during pregnancy and infancy. * Malabsorption can occur with celiac disease or after gas- trectomy (Chapter 14). Regardless of the cause, iron deficiency develops insidiously. Iron stores are depleted first, marked by a decline in serum ferritin and the absence of stainable iron in the bone marrow. These changes are followed by a decrease in serum iron and a rise in the serum transferrin. Ultimately, the capac- ity to synthesize hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other iron- containing proteins is diminished, leading to microcytic anemia, impaired work and cognitive performance, and even reduced immunocompetence.
PNH
Hemolysis
Nutritional anaemia
Dyserythropoietic syndrome
General anatomy