Microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia (MAHA) is a component of all of the following, except:
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): Results from acquired mutations in PIGA gene leading to deficiency of GPI-linked proteins in membrane of blood cells. Red cells deficient in GPI-linked factors are abnormally susceptible to lysis or injury by complement. This manifests as intravascular hemolysis, which is caused by the C5b-C9 membrane attack complex. The hemolysis is paroxysmal and nocturnal in only 25% of cases; chronic hemolysis without dramatic hemoglobinuria is more typical. Other options: - TTP : characterized by pentad of Microangiopathic haemolytic anemia; Thrombocytopenia; Fluctuating neurologic dysfunction; Renal abnormalities & Fever. - HUS is characterized by triad of acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia & microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. - HELLP syndrome : The main three diagnostic criteria include : Hepatic dysfunction thrombocytopenia microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia in patients suspected to have preeclampsia.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Hemolysis with elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hemolytic Anemias: Basic concepts and classification