Concentrating ability of kidney is impaired if:
Concentrating ability of kidney is based on two factors: Creating hyperosmolarity of medullary interstitium, Role of ADH (reabsorbs H2O & concentrate urine) To achieve hyperosmolarity in medullary interstitium, by 15% juxta-medullary nephrons, two things come into effect Counter current multiplier mechanism occur at thick ascending loop of Henle. It is permeable to solutes & impermeable to H2O. So, it removes solutes, & interstitium becomes hyperosmolar / hypeonic Counter current exchange mechanism: Hypeonicity is created by counter-current multiplier mechanism. It is maintained by vasa recta by viue of their sluggish blood flow.
There is damage to the glomerulus
There is excess secretion of ADH
There is vigorous activity of Na+-K+-pump
Blood flow through the vasa recta is increased substantially
Excretory System (Kidney, Bladder) Acid-Base Balance