Diagnosis of structural diseases of the hea such as valvular hea disease is best shown by
Echocardiography types : Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) TEE an ideal option to visualize the hea. TTE has the advantage of being completely noninvasive; however, acquiring the "windows" to view the hea can be difficult. Echocardiography uses are: Diagnosis of the source of hemodynamic instability, including myocardial ischemia, systolic and diastolic hea failure, valvular abnormalities, hypovolemia, and pericardial tamponade Guiding mitral valve repair. Estimation SV, CO, and intracavitary pressures Diagnosis of structural diseases of the hea, such as valvular hea disease, shunts, aoic diseases
Esophageal Doppler
Thoracic bioimpedance
Pulmonary aery catheterisation
Transesophageal echocardiography
Monitoring in Anesthesia