During a regular visit to the pediatrician 1 week after birth, an infant's size and head circumference are recorded as being in the seventy-fifth percentile. Repeat measurement 1 month later still shows the size of the baby at the seventy-fifth percentile, but the baby's head circumference is now at the ninety-fifth percentile. The pediatrician notices that the baby's anterior fontanelle is tense and that the skull sutures are open. He obtains an MRI of the brain with intravenous contrast. This study shows the presence of greatly dilated lateral and third ventricles. The aqueduct of Sylvius cannot be easily visualized. The fourth ventricle is small. There are no lesions within the subarachnoid space or cerebral parenchyma. The appearance of the MRI is consistent with which of the following?
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is defined as hydrocephalus caused by obstruction of CSF flow and obstruction within the ventricular system. In this case, the ventricular system is dilated upstream from the obstruction caused by stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius and collapsed distally. Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the obstruction to CSF flow occurs within the subarachnoid space or at the level of its resorption into the bloodstream by the arachnoid granulations. In this case, all ventricles are dilated proportionately.
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
Communicating hydrocephalus
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Arnold-Chiari malformation with herniation of the cerebellum into the foramen magnum
Nervous System