Horner's syndrome can be caused by following except
Horner's syndrome, also known as oculosympathetic paresis, is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged. The signs and symptoms occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as it is a lesion of the sympathetic trunk. It is characterized by miosis (a constricted pupil), paial ptosis (a weak, droopy eyelid), apparent anhydrosis (decreased sweating), with apparent enophthalmos (inset eyeball). Causes can be divided according to the presence and location of anhidrosis: Central (anhidrosis of face, arm and trunk) Syringomyelia Multiple sclerosis Encephalitis Brain tumors Lateral medullary syndrome Preganglionic (anhidrosis of face) Cervical rib traction on stellate ganglion Thyroid carcinoma Thyroidectomy Goiter Bronchogenic carcinoma of the superior fissure (Pancoast tumor) on apex of lung Klumpke paralysis Trauma - base of neck, usually blunt trauma, sometimes surgery. As a complication of tube thoracostomy Thoracic aoic aneurysm Postganglionic (no anhidrosis) Cluster headache - combination termed Hoon's headache An episode of Horner's syndrome may occur during a migraine attack and be relieved afterwards Carotid aery dissection/carotid aery aneurysm Cavernous sinus thrombosis Middle ear infection Sympathectomy Nerve blocks, such as cervical plexus block, stellate ganglion or interscalene block Ref : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horner%27s_syndrome
Medial medullary syndrome
Carotid aneurysm
Postoperative Raynaud's disease
Multiple sclerosis
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