Reducing equivalants produced in glycolysis are transpoed from cytosol to mitochondria by ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Malate shuttle Most of the NADH and FADH2, entering the mitochondrial electron transpo chain arise from citric acid cycle and 13-oxidation of fatty acids, located in the mitochondria itself. However, NADH is also produced in the cytosol during glycolysis. To get oxidized, NADH has to be transpoed into the mitochondria as respiratory chain (ETC) is located inside the mitochondria. Since, the inner mitochondrial membrane is not permeable to cytoplasmic NADH, there are special shuttle systems which carry reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH (rather than NADH itself) into the mitochondria by an indirect route. Two such shuttle systems that can lead to transpo of reducing equivalent from the cytoplasm into mitochondria are : - Malate shuttle (malate-aspaate shuttle system). Glycerophosphate shuttle.
Carnitine
Creatine
Malate shuttle
Glutamate shuttle