A man with a mass at duodenojejunal flexor invading renal papillae. Histopathology revealed it as lymphoma which of the following is true:
The stages of gastrointestinal lymphomas are staged using a modified Ann Arbor classification: IE: Tumor confined to small intestine HE: Spread to regional lymph nodes HIE: Spread to non resectable nodes beyond regional nodes IVE: Spread to other organs In this patient the mass has invaded the renal papillae (spread to other organs) hence it is under stage IV E. Ref: Gastrointestinal Lymphoma: Future Perspectives By Wolfgang Fishbach, Page 75 ; Grading and Staging in Gastroenterology By G. Tytgat, Stefaan Tytgat, Pages 64-65
II E stage
I E Stage
IV E stage
Staging cannot be done until bone marrow examination is performed