Which one of the following diseases characteristically causes a fatty change in liver?
Alcoholic liver disease (ALIT) is the most frequent secondary fatty liver disease. The secondary fatty liver can also occur in chronic Viral hepatitis C (HCV), chronic viral hepatitis, chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and Wilson's disease' 
Thus although fatty liver may be seen secondary to all options mentioned in the question chronic alcoholism being the most common cause is the single best answer here.
Following information have been added in 8th/e of Robbins  Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
It has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in united states NAFLD includes:

Simple hepatic steatosis → Stable conditions
Steatosis with inflammation → Stable conditions
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) → Can progress to cirrhosis

NAFLD is the most common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis (cirrhosis of unknown origin).
Hepatitis B virus infection
Wilson's disease
Hepatitis C virus infection
Chronic alcoholism