Major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women is
All postmenopausal and symptomatic per menopausal women who do not have contraindication paicularlyThose with high-risk factors osteoporosis.Those with premature menopauseEvaluation before staing H:History-personal, medical, gynecological, familyExamination -HT, wt., BMI, BP, breast, vaginal examinationPap smearMammographyLipid profileTransvaginal sonography-endometrial thicknessWork up relevant to symptoms, e.g. urinary continence, carbohydrate intolerance, psychoemotional states.Contraindications of H:PregnancyCA breastCA endometriumUndiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleedingActive liver diseasePresent deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolic disorderInvestigation not routinely needed before staing HEndometrial sampling-Only did if the history of abnormal vaginal bleeding, TVS shows endometrial thickness> 5 mm.Serum FSH-Only did if the diagnosis of menopause is not clear, e.g. vasomotor symptoms in absence of amenorrhoea Bone densitometry-Using DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) of lumber veebrae, hip bone for women with risk factors for osteoporosis, persistent backache, bone aches, history of recent fracture, for research purpose
Peripheral conversion of androstenedione
Secretion from adrenals
Testosterone from the ovary
H
Menopause and HRT