Which of the following are the treatment options for cystocele?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Uterovaginal prolapse:* A minor degree of prolapse may be asymptomatic but with more significant degrees the patient complains of 'something coming down'.* A cystocele (bladder prolapse) and a cystourethrocele lead to the sensation of a lump in the vagina and may also be associated with incontinence and recurrent urinary infections.* Following are the treatment options for different types of uterovaginal prolapseSurgical treatments for uterovaginal prolapseConditionTreatmentUrethrocele/ cystoceleTraditionally; an anterior vaginal wall repair (anterior colporrhaphy) was performed vaginally; now replaced by vaginally inserted tape (transvaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator tape (TOT)] or mesh slingsUterine prolapseIf family complete, a vaginal hysterotomy with an anterior vaginal wall repair if necessary. If the uterus is to be preserved use either amputation of the cervix with suturing of the transverse cervical ligaments vaginally (Manchester repair) or laparoscopic plication of the uterosacral ligaments (McCall sulture)EnteroceleSimilar technique to repair of a hernia. The vaginal skin is opened and the hernial sac repairedVault prolapseSacrospinous fixation or sacrocolpopexy; the vault is attached to the sacrum using a non-absorbable sutureRectocelePosterior coiporrhaphy; the posterior vaginal wall is opened, the rectum returned to its normal position and redundant vaginal skin is excised. A laparoscopic approach to repairing the defect in the pelvic floor with or without the use of a mesh is now more popular and as there is no resulting scarring in the vaginal skin the incidence of post-surgery dyspareunia is less
Anterior colporrhaphy
Transvaginal tape
Transobturator tape
All the above
Urinary Bladder