Consider the following modalities of treatment 1. Balloon dilatation 2. Heller&;s operation 3. Local injection of botulinum toxin Which of the above is/are the treatment modalities for achalasia cardia?
<p>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *endoscopically directed injection of botulinum toxin into the lower oesophageal sphincter induces clinical remission but relapse is common. *Surgical myotomy or Heller&;s operation performed eitheeither laproscopically or as an open operation is effective. *Balloon catheter dialatatin improves symptoms in 80% cases</p>
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
) 1, 2 and 3
G.I.T