Which of the following type of karyotyping is done under light microscopy?
Innovative staining techniques involve identification of chromosome banding by a variety of staining techniques, at times with pre-digestion with proteolytic agents. Some of the more commonly used techniques are the following: Q banding: Fixed chromosome spreads are stained without any pretreatment using quinacrine mustard, quinacrine, or other fluorescent dyes and observed with a fluorescence microscope. G banding: Preparations are incubated in a variety of saline solutions using any 1 of several pretreatments and stained with Giemsa's stain. G-banding is generally preferred over Q-banding because G-band analysis is performed by light microscopy. R banding: Preparations are incubated in buffer solutions at high temperatures or at special pH and stained with Giemsa's stain. This process yields the reverse bands of G banding. C banding: Preparations are either heated in saline to temperatures just below boiling or treated with ceain alkali solutions and then stained with Giemsa's stain. This process causes prominent bands to develop in the region of the centromeres. Ref: Manipalviratn S., Trivax B., Huang A. (2013). Chapter 3. Genetic Disorders & Sex Chromosome Abnormalities. In A.H. DeCherney, L. Nathan, N. Laufer, A.S. Roman (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e.
R banding
Q banding
G banding
C banding