Genes involved in the development of colon carcinoma includes all of the following, except:
DPC4 gene is on chromosome 18q, inactivation of this gene is associated with the development of pancreatic cancer. DPC4 gene encodes for a protein Smad4, which is involved in transforming growth factor beta signaling. APC gene, Beta-Catenin gene, K-ras mutation and Mismatch repair genes all are involved in the development of colorectal cancer. Ref: Pancreatic Cancer By John P. Neoptolemos, Page 125; Colon and Rectal Surgery By Marvin L. Corman, Pages 728-9; Caveolins in Cancer Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapy By Isabelle Mercier, Page 19
APC
DPC4
K-ras
Mismatch Repair Genes