The incidence of chronic carrier state in liver disease is due to infection with the following:
Chronic carrier states are seen with hepatitis B infection. Chronic carriers of HBsAg may or may not have demonstrable evidence of liver disease. By definition, HBV chronic carriers are those in whom HBsAg persists for more than 6 months in the presence of HBeAg or anti-HBe. HBsAg may persist for years after loss of HBeAg. In contrast to the high titers of IgM-specific anti-HBc observed in acute disease, low titers of IgM anti-HBc are found in the sera of most chronic HBsAg carriers. Ref: (2013). Chapter 35. Hepatitis Viruses. In Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., Mietzner T.A. (Eds), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.
HBV
HAV
HEV
HCV