When a horseshoe kidney develops, the ascent of the kidney is restricted by the:
A horseshoe kidney develops when the inferior poles of the two kidneys fuse together as they ascend into the abdomen from the pelvis. The first anterior mid­line vessel that is encountered by the horseshoe kidney is the inferior mesenteric artery. This artery prevents the kidney from continuing its ascent.
Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
Common iliac artery
Inferior mesenteric artery