Changes in cardiac output is minimal during:
Ref: Pal GK. Cardiac output. In: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Ahuja Publishing House. 2007; 74: 607.Explanation:Increased cardiac outputExerciseAnxietyEmotion and excitementT environmental temperatureEatingPregnancyDecrease in cardiac outputStanding from supineSweatingNo change in cardiac outputSleepMild to moderate change in environmental temperature
Sleep
From supine to standing position
Exercise
Arrhythmias
Circulation: Cardiac Output, Venous Return