Most common cause of death in adult with PDA is- 1. CCF 2.Infective endocarditis 3. Rupture 4. Embolism
The leading causes of death in adults with patent ductus are cardiac failure and infective endocarditis; occasionally severe pulmonary vascular obstruction may cause aneurysmal dilatation, calcification, and rupture of the ductus. ( Harrison&;s principle of internal medicine,18th edition,pg no. 1924)
only 1
Both 1 and 4
1, 2 and 3
Both 1 and 2
C.V.S