Passavant ridge is formed by:
Some fibres of the palatopharyngeus muscle (arising from palatine aponeurosis) sweep horizontally backwards and join the upper fibres of the superior constrictor muscle to form a U-shaped muscle-loop in the posterior pharyngeal wall underneath the mucosa, which is pulled forward during swallowing to form the Passavant ridge.
Tensor veli palati and superior constrictor
Palatopharyngeus and superior constrictor
Palatopharyngeus and inferior constrictor
Palatoglossus and superior constrictor