Gynaecomastia is seen in all of the following conditions except
Ans. is a, i.e. ProlactinomaRef: Harrisons 18th/ed, p2889, Schwartz 7th/ed, p541; Schwartz 7th/ed, p541; Behl 9th/ed, p223Gynaecomastia implies presence of female type mammary glands in male.It can be:PhysiologicalQPathologicalQNeonatal periodQ SystemicQAdolescenceQ excessSenescenceQ androgensQD/t EstrogenQ intake diseasesD/t decreasedDrugsQ* Occurs b/w 12 and 15 yearsQ* UnilateralQ* Occurs b/w 50 and 70 yearsQ* BilateralQ Causes of Gynaecomastia:I. Estrogen excess states:A. Gonadal origin:1. True hermaphroditism2. Gonadal stromal (Nongerminal) neoplasm of testis:- Leydig cell (interstitial)Q- Sertoli cellQ- Granulosa-thecaQ3. Germ cell tumours:- ChoriocarcinomaQ- Seminoma, teratomaQ- Embryonal carcinomaQB. Nontesticular tumours:1. Skin-nevus2. Adrenal cortical NeoplasmsQ3. Lung carcinomaQ4. Hepatocellular carcinomaQC. Endocrine disorders:1. HypothyroidismQ2. HyperthyroidismQD. Disease of the liver - Non-alcoholic and alcoholic cirrhosisE. Nutrition alteration states: Starvation (As pituitary adrenal axis is suppressed)II. Androgen deficiency states:A. Senescent causes with agingB. Hypoandrogen state (hypogonadism)1. Primary testicular failurea. Klienfelter syndrome (XXY)Qb. Reifenstein syndrome, (XY)Qc. Rosewater, Gwinup, Hamwi familial gynecomastia (XY)d. Kallmann syndromeQe. Kennedy disease with associated gynaecomastiaQf. Eunuchoidal males (Congenital anorchia)Qg. Hereditary defects of androgen biosynthesish. ACTH deficiency2. Secondary testicular failure:a. TraumaQb. Orchitis: due to mumps and leprosyQc. CrytorchidismQd. IrradiationQe. HydroceleQf. VaricoceleQg. SpermatoceleC. Renal failureIII. Drug related conditions that initiate gynaecomastia1. EstrogenQ2. DigitalisQ3. SpironolactoneQ4. MethyldopaQ5. CaptoprilQ6. Calcium Channel blockerQ7. Cimetidine (high doses)Q8. KetoconazoleQ9. Tricyclic AntidepressantQ10. DiazepamQIV. Systemic disease 'with' idiopathic mechanismsA. Non-neoplastic disease of the lungB. Trauma (chest wall)C. CNS - related causes from anxiety and stressD. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
Prolactinoma
TSH secreting adenoma
HCG secreting tumor
Estrogen secreting tumor
Sex Intersexuality