A 2 years old child comes with one-year h/o of generalised oedema. His B.P. is 107/70mm urine examination shows hyaline cast, proteinuria +++, WBC & RBC are nil. the likely diagnosis is –
It is a case of nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease (MCD).
MCD is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children*

Microscopic findings of urine in MCD
Proteinuria

Principally albumin (which is a low molecular weight protein)
High molecular weight proteins are seen in minimal amounts.
This type of proteinuria is known as selective proteinuria.
WBC → Absent
RBC → Absent
the hyaline cast → can be seen
Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis can also cause nephrotic syndrome but the urine examination in these patients will reveal protein, WBC's and RBC's.
Selective proteinuria
Uremia
Focal segmental glonurulosclerosil
Low serum complement level