All are causes of pulmonary hypeension except?
Answer is A (Hyperventilation): Pulmonary hypeension may be caused by hypo ventilation but not by hyperventilation. Chronic exposure to high altitude sleep disordered breathing due to obesity and anorexic agents including fenfluramine are known causes of pulmonary hypeension. Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypeension 1. Pulmonary aerial hypeension (PAH) Idiopathic (IPAH)(formerly PPH) Familial (FPAH) Associated with (APAH) - Collagen vascular disease - Congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts - Poal hypeension - HIV infection - Drugs and toxins (including fenfluramine) - Other (thyroid disorders, glycogen storage disease, Gaucher disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, hemoglobinopathies, myeloproliferative, disorders, splenectomy) Associated with significant venous or capillary involvement - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) - Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) - Persistent pulmonary hypeension of the newborn 2. Pulmonary hypeension with left hea disease Left-sided atrial or ventricular hea disease Left-sided valvular hea disease 3. Pulmonary hypeension associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxemia Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Interstitial lung disease Sleep-disordered breathing Alveolar hypoventilation disorders Chronic exposure to high altitude Developmental abnormalities 4. Pulmonary hypeension due to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease Thromboembolic obstruction of proximal pulmonary aeries Thromboembolic obstruction of distal pulmonary aeries Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism (tumor, parasites, foreign material) 5. Miscellaneous Sarcoidosis, histiocytosis X, lymphangiomatosis, compression ofpulmonary vessels (adenopathy, tumor, fibrosing mediastinitis) A causal relationship has been established between exposure to several anorexigens including aminorex and the fenfluramines and the development of PAH-Harrison
Hyperventilation
Morbid obesity
High altitude
Fenfluramine