A housewife presented with acute paronychia since two days. The BEST anaesthetic agent for acute paronychia is:
The addition of epinephrine along with anaesthetic agent causes vasoconstriction at the site of administration. The consequent decreased absorption increases neuronal uptake, enhances the quality of analgesia, prolongs the duration of action, and limits toxic side effects. The effects of vasoconstrictors are more pronounced with shoer-acting agents. For example, the addition of epinephrine to lidocaine usually extends the duration of anesthesia by at least 50%. Epinephrine can also augment and prolong analgesia through activation of 2-adrenergic receptors. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray M.J. (2006). Chapter 14. Local Anesthetics. In G.E. Morgan, Jr., M.S. Mikhail, M.J. Murray (Eds), Clinical Anesthesiology, 4e.
1% xylocaine
2% xylocaine
Ketamine
Xylocaine + adrenaline