Which of the following mediate Lewis triple response?
Lewis triple response illustrates the effect of histamine on vascular smooth muscle, vascular endothelium and sensory nerve endings. Intradermal injection of histamine produces 3 distinct effects: Dilatation of capillaries in the immediate vicinity of injection resulting in a flush. Dilatation of aerioles resulting in an irregular red flare over an area wider than due to capillary dilatation. Wheal appearing in the area of capillary dilatation. In addition to wheal, flush and flare, transient pain and itching result from effect of histamine on sensory nerve endings.
Axon reflex
Histamine release from mast cells
Injury to endothelium
None of the above