A 34 year old female with history of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) usage, was brought to the ER with hematemesis and severe acute RUQ abdominal pain. She have a history of DVT. Physical evaluation reveals ascites and tender heatomegaly. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this?
The above given clinical scenario is suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Caused by obstruction of two or more major hepatic veins (hepatic vein thrombosis). Obstruction of a single main hepatic vein is clinically asymptomatic. Heaptic damage occurs due to increased intrahepatic blood pressure. Hepatic vein thrombosis is associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera, thrombophilic states (OCP use, inherited thrombophilias, etc. ), antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), and intraabdominal cancers, paicularly hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinically, Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain, ascites, tender hepatomegaly, and hematemesis (variceal bleed). Microscopically, the affected hepatic parenchyma reveals severe centrilobular congestion and necrosis.
Obstruction of the common bile duct
Obstruction of the intrahepatic sinusoids
Thrombosis of the hepatic aery
Thrombosis of the hepatic veins
Cirrhosis