Ladder pattern of DNA electrophoresis in apoptosis is caused by the action of the following enzyme
1.Apoptosis progresses quickly and its products are quickly removed, making it difficult or visualize. 2.During karyorrhexis endonuclease activation leaves sho DNA fragments, regularly spaced in size. 3.this gives a characteristic laddered appearance on agar gel electrophoresis. 4.This laddered pattern is characteristic but not specific for apoptosis..It may seen in necrosis also. Ref Endonuclease. Robbins 7 th /edition, pg 26, 27and 28.
Endonuclease
Transglutaminase
DNAse
Caspase
miscellaneous