Congenital passive immunity is NOT found in
(Rubella) (96, 168-Park 19fh) (97-140-Park 20th)Passive Immunity - when antibodies produced in one body (human or animal) are transferred to another to induce protection against disease* Body does not produce its own antibodies but depends upon ready- made antibodies(a) By administration of an antibody- containing preparation (immune globulin or antiserum)(b) By transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta Human milk also contains protective antibodies (IgA)(c) By transfer of lymphocytes to induce passive cellular immunity - this procedure is still experimentalPassive immunity differs from active immunity in the following respects1. Immunity is rapidly established2. Immunity produced is only temporary (days to months till the antibody is eliminated from the body3. There is no education of the reticulo endothelial systemPoliomyelitis - The maternal antibodies gradually disappears during the first 6 months of life. Immunity following infection is fairly solid although re infection can occur since infection with one type does not protect completely against the other two types of viruses. Type 2 virus to be most effective antigens* Neutralizing antibody is widely recognized as an important index of immunity to polio after infection * *Mumps - Most infents below the age of 6 months are immune because of maternal antibodies* One attack clinical or subclinical is assumed to induce life -long immunity. Second attack can occure (132-Park 19th)Rubella - Infants of immune mothers are protected from 4 to 6 months**.* One attack gives life long immunity, secondary attack is rare- Transplacental (or vertical) transmission - TORCH agents (Toxoplasm, gondii, rubella virus, CMV and herpes virus) Varicella virus, syphilis, hepatitis, Coxsackie- B and AIDSActive immunity may be acquired1. Following clinical infection eg. Chickenpox, rubella, measles2. Following sub clinical or in apparent infections eg polio, Diptheria3. Following immunization with antigen which may be a killed, live attenevnted or toxoidMeasles (Rubeola) - Infant are protected by maternal antibodies upto 6 months of age or may persists 9 months. (127-P)
Polio
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Communicable Diseases