Metabolic acidosis is compensated by
i.e. (Hyperventilation): (289-90-H17th) (860-CMDT-l1)Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces too much acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.Those in metabolic acidosis may exhibit deep, rapid breathing called Kussmaul respirations which is classically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. Rapid deep breaths increase the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled,Arterial blood gas sampling is essential for the diagnosis. If the pH is low (under 7.35) and the bicarbonate levels are decreased (<24mmol/l), metabolic acidemia is present, and metabolic acidosis is presumed. Due to respiratory compensation (hyperventilation), carbon dioxide is decreased and conversely oxygen is increased, thus lowering the serum carbon dioxide levels, resulting in some degree of compensation.Compensatory mechanismsMetabolic acidosis is either due to increased generation of acid or an inability to generate sufficient bicarbonate.The body regulates the acidity of the blood by four buffering mechanisms.* bicarbonate buffering system* intracellular buffering by absorption of hydrogen atoms by various molecules, including proteins, phosphates and carbonate in bone.* Respiratory compensation* Renal compensationBufferThe decreased bicarbonate that distinguishes metabolic acidosis is therefore due to two separate processes the buffer (from water and carbon dioxide) and additional renal generation. The buffer reactions are:H+ + HCO3' - H2CO3 - CO2 + H2OThe Henderson - Hasselbalch equation mathematically describes the relationship between blood pH and the components of the bicarbonate buffering system.
Hyper ventilation
|HCO3 loss
|Cl- loss
|ammonia excretion in kidney
Fluid & Electrolyte