Most likely precursor to bronchiectasis is
BronchiectasisAbnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi.The bronchial dilatation of bronchiectasis of is associated with destructive and inflammatory changes in the walls of medium sized airways, often at the level of segmental or subsegmental bronchi.Types of bronchiectasisCylindrical bronchiectasis Varicose bronchiectasis Saccular (cystic) bronchiectasis Etiology & pathogenesisBronchiectasis is a consequence of inflammation and destruction of the structural components of the bronchial wall. Infection is the usual cause of inflammation.Adenovirus and influenza virusImpaired host defense mechanisms Carcinoid tumors or foreign body aspirationPrimary ciliary dyskinesia, Kaagener&;s syndrome and cystic fibrosis are also associated with bronchiectasis.Exposure to toxic substances like inhalation of toxic gases such as ammonia or aspiration of acidic gastric contentsClinical Manifestations:Radiographic findingsPersistent or recurrent cough and purulent sputum productionHemoptysis due to bleeding from friable, inflamed airway mucosa.Massive bleeding from hyperophied bronchial aeries.Physical examination includes crackles, rhonchi, and wheeze may be heard, all of which reflect the damaged airway containing significant secretions HRCT is investigation of choice When seen longitudinally, the airways appears as "tram tracks" ; when seen in cross-section, they produce &;ring shadows" Bronchiectasis of relatively proximal airways suggests ABPA, whereas the presence of multiple small nodules (nodular bronchiectasis) suggest infection with M. avium complex(Refer: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition, pg no: 2143-2144)
Tuberculosis
Carcinoma
Bronchial adenoma
Bronchopneumonia
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