Cardiac output varies under different physiological conditions. It is decreased by?
Cardiac output is the product of the hea rate and stroke volume (CO = HR x SV). Therefore, cardiac output decreases by bradycardia. Ref: Mohrman D.E., Heller L.J. (2010). Chapter 3. The Hea Pump. In D.E. Mohrman, L.J. Heller (Eds), Cardiovascular Physiology, 7e.
Increased hea rate
Decreased hea rate
Increased stroke volume
None of the above