Which of the following is associated with emotional valence and is most likely to be influenced by motivation –
Emotional valence
Emotional valence means the intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) or aversiveness (negative valence) of an event, object or situation. That means positive or negative emotional feeling of an event, object or situation.
Amongst the given options two have emotional components:
Attitude
Effects of emotional components (affect) on attitude also show the importance of affective content. In general, people with positive mood tend to like things more than people in a neutral or negative mood.
Attitude is usually fixed and stable → not influenced by motivation.
Practice (Habit)
Practice refers to an established way of doing things. It is the usual way of action and on accustomed act performed without thinking.
While the term habit is used for individual actions, the term practice is generally used for a set of fixed habits.
Practices (Habits) are usually formed as a result of positive emotional valence (intrinsic attractiveness).
Examples of habit/practice in the field of health include (few examples):


Good habits: hand washing prior to eating, exercise etc
is ad habits: Smoking, drinking.


By motivation, bad habits can be converted into good ones → Habits are influenced by motivation.

So,

Attitude has emotional component but attitude is not influenced by motivation (fixed and stable)
Practice/habit has emotional component and Practice habit can be influenced by motivation.
Attitude
Belief
Practice
Knowledge