Non visualization of the kidney is seen in all EXCEPT(Internet)
i.e. (Ectopic Kidney): (Internet)Ectopic kidney is usually evient on the IVP and certainly at angiography.Non visualization or Non functioning of one kidney on intravenous pyelogramExcerpt1. 2. Fractured kidney3. Neoplasm4. Obstruction of ureter (eg calculus, stricture, neoplasm)5. Renal artery obstruction (eg stenosis, thromboembolism trauma)1. Absent Kidney (congenital, post nephrectomy)2. Arteriovenous fistula of kidney3. Multicystic kidney4. Renal vein obstruction (eg-thrombosis, tumor)5. Tuberculosis and other severe infection (eg Xantho granulomatous pyelonephritis)(Entity in bracket may be confused roentgenographically with non visualization or nonfunction of a kidney)With ultrasound - agenesis, hypoplasia, duplex or ectopic kidney can be diagnosed (1044-S. Das 6th)Sudden complete venous occlusion produces an enlarged kidney with paint or absent nephrogram. But if occlusion develops slowely the renal size is normal.Ectopic kidney is visualized as a mass at abnormal positionRENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS (RVT) (1815-H17th)Conditions associated with RVT* Trauma* Dehydration (Infants)* Extrinsic compression (Lymphnode aortic aneurysm, tumour)* Nephrotic syndrome* Pregnancy or OCP* Invasion by renal cell carcinoma * Definitive diagnosis can only be established through selective renal venography with visualization of the occluding thrombusRENAL BIOPSY (871-72-CMDT - 11)INDICATIONRELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS1. Un explained acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease2. Acute nephritic syndrome3. Un explained proteinuria and hematuria4. Previously identified and treated lesions to plan future therapy5. Systemic disease associated with kidney dysfunction such as SLE, Good pasture syndrome and Wegner granulomatosis6. Suspected transplant rejection7. To guide treatment* Solitary or ectopic kidney (exception: transplant allografts)* Horse shoe kidney* ncorrected bleeding disorders* Severe uncontrolled hypertension* Renal infection* Renal neoplasm* Hydronephrosis, ESRD* Congenital anomalies, multiple cysts* Uncooperative patient
Unilateral renal agenesis
Bilateral renal agenesis
Renal vein thrombosis
Ectopic kidney
Kidney & Ureturs