Most common metabolic complication of Blood transfusion is?
ANSWER: (C) Metabolic alkalosisREF: Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology 12th Edition page 675See APPENDIX-55 below "COMPLICATIONS OF MASSIVE BLOOD TRANSFUSION"One of the significant changes in stored red cells is 2,3-DPG depletion, which is related not to red cell viability but to the ability of the red cells to deliver oxygen.The elevated K+ content of stored red cells rarely leads to hyperkalemia, but it is a risk in the presence of renal failure, shock with acidosis, or hemolysis. APPENDIX - 55Complications of Massive Blood Transfusion:Massive blood transfusion is defined as transfusion of more than or equal to 10 units of packed RBC.ComplicationCauseEffects of complicationHypothermiaDue to cold blood transfusionPlatelet dysfunction, coagulopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, | Hb oxygen affinityAcid base disturbanceMetabolic acidosis (lactic acidosis)Initially, Accumulation of lactic acid & pyruvic acid in stored blood Metabolic alkalosis (most common)Later, Conversion of citrate to bicarbonate in liver Hypotension (refractory)Citrate intoxication Hypocalcaemiacitrate binds to ca'+Ventricular fibrillation, hypotension, | myocardial functionHypomagnesaemiaCitrate binds to Mg++ Hyperkalemia (transient & applies to rapid transfusion)Removes out of destroyed RRC during storageCardiac arrhythmias (especially with coexisting hypocalcemia)Hypokalemia (applies to slow transfusion)K taken back by depleted RBC CoagulopathyFactor deficiencyDilution effectBleeding ThrombocytopeniaDilution effect DICDue to diffusion hypoxia of shock & not transfusion per se. ARDS Due to sequestration of micro aggregates (fibrin, platelet, WBCs) as a result of shock & not transfusion per se.
Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Increased 2, 3 DPG
Blood