Which of the following statement are true regarding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) Kidneys are bilaterally enlarged External surface appears to be composed solely of a mass of cysts, up to 3 to 4 cm in diameter, with no intervening parenchyma. Microscopic examination - Functioning nephrons dispersed between the cysts. The cysts may be filled with a clear, serous fluid or with turbid, red to brown, sometimes hemorrhagic fluid. Cysts may arise at any level of the nephron, from tubules to collecting ducts, and therefore they have a variable, often atrophic lining. PKD1 gene implicated in 85% of cases.PKD1, on 16p, is the defective gene. This gene encodes polycystin-1. PKD2 gene, implicated in 10% to 15% of cases, resides on chromosome 4 and encodes polycystin-2.
Bilateral kidneys are enlarged
External surface show numerous cyst of 3-4 cm in diameter
Histology shows functioning nephrons dispersed between the cysts
All of the above
Polycystic Kidney Disease