True about pleural effusion: March 2011
Ans. A: Amylase content is usually high in pancreatic effusion Pleural effusion in acute pancreatitis: Serous/ blood stained, exudate, no predominant cells and high amylase in pleural fluid (greater than in serum) Pleural effusion: Blood stained: - Pulmonary infarction, - Metastatic carcinoma, - TB Low glucose: - Rheumatoid ahritis/ RA, - Empyema Raised amylase: - Esophageal perforation, - Pancreatitis Cholesterol: Hypothyroidism, - TB, - RA Left sided effusion: - Pancreatitis, - Esophageal rupture Transudate: - Protein less than 3 gm/ 100 ml, - LDH less than 200 IU, LDH ratio less than 0.6, - Pleural fluid/ serum protein is less than 0.5 - pH less than 7.2: Empyema Chronic bronchitis/ blue bloaters: Clinical presence of productive cough not attributable to other causes on most days for at least 3 months over consecutive 2 years Reids index is used
Amylase content is usually high in pancreatic effusion
Bilateral effusion is due to congestive cardiac failure
TB bacilli can be isolated if is due to TB
Hemorrhagic effusion is due to malignancy