Physiological effects of spinal anesthesia are due to blockage of:
Most of the physiological effects of spinal anesthesia are a consequence of the sympathetic blockade produced by local anesthetic block of the sympathetic fibers in the spinal nerve roots. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers are more sensitive to low concentrations of local anesthetic. Clinically, the most impoant effects of sympathetic blockade during spinal anesthesia are on the cardiovascular system. Ref: Catterall W.A., Mackie K. (2011). Chapter 20. Local Anesthetics. In L.L. Brunton, B.A. Chabner, B.C. Knollmann (Eds), Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e.
Sympathetic nerve roots
Afferent motor nerves
Sensory fibres
Different motor nerves