Which of the following drugs cause relaxation of LES? 1. Nitrates 2. Histamine blockers 3. Morphine 4. Atropine 5. Calcium channel blockers
Factor causing relaxation of LES Factor increasing LES pressure Pharmacological agents:nitrates, anticholinergics, barbiturates, calcium channel blockers, caffeine, theophylline, diazepam, dopamine, prostaglandin E1 and E2 and meperidine Pepperdine Chocolate Coffee Alcohol Smoking Fat Antacids Cholinergics Domperidone Metoclopramide Prostaglandin F2 Also know: LES pressure is higher in the supine position than in the upright position. Ref: Schwarz 9/e, Page 812; Harrison 17/e, Page 1741.
1,2 & 3
1,4 & 5
1,2 & 5
All