Lyophilization means
Freeze-drying--technically known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation--is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transpo.Viruses can be preserved by storage at subfreezing temperatures, and some may withstand lyophilization and can thus be preserved in the dry state at 4degC or even at room temperature
Sterilizations
Freeze drying
Burning to ashes
Exposure to formation
general microbiology