Which of the following is not related to the menstrual cycle?
cytohormonal evaluation: The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone influence the vaginal mucosa; thus,the epithelial cells exfoliated in the vagina reflect the influence of the prevailing dominant hormone in the system at that time. The estrogen dominated smear appears clean and shows the prescence of discrete cornified polygonal squames. The progesterone dominated smear appears diy and reveals predominate intermediate cells and navicular cells. After the menopause due to the deficiency of ovarian hormones, the vaginal mucosa thins down and the exfoliated cells are predominantly parabasal and basal types. In HPV infection,koilocytes with perinuclear halo and peripheral condensation of cytoplasm is seen. The neucleus is irregular and hyperchromatic. Shaw's textbook of Gynaecology 16th edition page no 89
Hormonal changes
Vaginal cytology
Estradiol changes
Endometrial sampling
Reproductive physiology and hormones in females