Anesthetic agent known to cause pain on injection: Etomidate Methohexitone Propofol Ketamine Thiopentone
Propofol is formulated as a lipid emulsion which causes pain during injection that can be decreased by using a large vein, avoiding veins in the dorsum of the hand, prior injection of lidocaine or by mixing lidocaine with propofol prior to injection (2 mL of 1% lidocaine in 18 mL propofol). Etomidate also causes pain on injection but less incidence than propofol. Methohexitone causes pain on injection Intraaerial injection of thiopentone causes pain on injection not intravenous. Intravenous ketamine never painful.
1,3
1,4,5
1,2,3,5
1,2,3,4,5
Intravenous Anesthetic Agents