In children, which of the following congenital hea disease presents with absence of sinus arrhythmia?
Sinus arrhythmia is a cyclic increase in normal hea rate with inspiration and decrease with expiration. It results from reflex changes in vagal influence on the normal pacemaker and disappears with breath holding, or increase of hea rate. It has no clinical significance. It is common in both the young and the elderly. ASD is found in approximately 6% of children with congenital hea disease who survive beyond the first year of life. After bicuspid aoic valve, it is the most common form of congenital hea disease among adults. ASDs have a female-to-male ratio of approximately 2:1. The mode of transmission is best explained in most instances on a multifactorial basis, in which the risk would be approximately 2.5% for first-degree relatives of a single affected family member In a child with Large ASD the filling of the two ventricles remains constant throughout the respiration cycle. Hence sinus arrhythmia is absent or slight and this therefore is a sign of ASD. Ref: rown D.W., Fulton D.R. (2011). Chapter 83. Congenital Hea Disease in Children and Adolescents. In V. Fuster, R.A. Walsh, R.A. Harrington (Eds), Hurst's The Hea, 13e.
Fallot's tetralogy
PDA
ASD
Ebstein's anomaly