Motility in the upper third of the esophagus is decreased in all except:
Classification of Esophageal Motility Disorders Disorders of the Pharyngo-esophageal junction Neurological: Stroke, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson&;s disease Myogenic: Myasthenia, muscular dystrophy Pharyngo-esophageal (Zenker&;s diveiculum) Disorders of the body of the esophagus Diffuse esophageal spasm Nutcracker esophagus Autoimmune disorders- Systemic Sclerosis (CREST) Reflux associated idiopathic Allergic Eosinophilic esophagitis Non-specific esophageal dysmotility Disorders of the lower esophageal sphincter Achalasia Incompetent lower sphincter (i.e., GERD) Ref: Bailey and Love 27th edition Pgno: 1096
Pseudo-bulbar palsy
Chagas disease
Myasthenia gravis
Scleroderma
G.I.T