Which of the following is true about Horseshoe kidney?
The lower poles of the two kidneys (or sometimes the upper poles) may be fused. The connecting isthmus may lie either in front of, or behind, the aoa and inferior venacava. The ureters pass anterior to the isthmus. The inferior mesenteric aery also passes anterior to the isthmus which limits the ascent of the horseshoe kidney. (Reference : I B Singh's Embryology , 10th edition, pg 288)
Fused at upper pole lies in pelvis
Fused at lower pole, lies in pelvis
Fused at upper pole, lies in front of L1
Fused at lower pole, lies in front of L4
General anatomy