All of the following factors normally increase the length of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers, except:
When the person stands from a lying position, there is pooling of blood in the legs. This causes decrease in venous return and decrease in end diastolic volume (and length of ventricular cardiac muscle fibers).
Increased venous tone
Increased total blood volume
Increased negative intrathoracic pressure
Lying-to-standing change in posture