A 8-yrs-old child has a history since early childhood of malabsorption, ataxia, acanthocytes in the peripheral blood, and very low cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition, the patient has been developing progressive, bilateral, concentric contraction of the visual fields and loss of central vision. The underlying pathogenesis of  this patient’s disease is:
The patient has abetalipoproteinemia, which is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by an absence of apolipoprotein B. Apolipoprotein B is an integral component of chylomicrons, very-low-density lipo­proteins (VLDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Without the apoprotein, triglyceride and cholesterol cannot be packaged into chylomicrons and VLDL. The disease has its onset in childhood. Malabsorption occurs because dietary fat cannot be packaged into chylomicrons, and intestinal cells fill with lipid. This blocks the reabsorption of fat and other nutrients. Loss of essential fatty acids results in membrane abnor­malities in red blood cells with production of acantho­cytes (thorny-appearing cells). Neurologic findings, including ataxia, nystagmus, and sensory abnormali­ties, also occur.
A degenerative disease involving the cerebellum
A defect in the synthesis of apolipoprotein B
Degeneration of the posterior columns, spinocerebellar tracts, and corticospinal tracts
An absence of high-density lipoproteins