In which stage of testicular tumor there is involvement of both testes and epididymis with high inguinal orchiectomy indicated as the treatment?
Stage I testicular tumor is limited to testis and epididymis with no evidence of vascular invasion. It is completely resected by high inguinal orchiectomy. In stage II there is invasion beyond tunica albuginea or has vascular invasion and nodal metastasis. In stage III there is invasion of spermatic cord and involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. In stage IV there is invasion of scrotum and presence of metastasis beyond the retroperitoneum ( bone, liver, lung).
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV