True about CPAP all except aEUR'
Used prophylactically in baby born with <1 kg wt or < 28 week gestation According to Indian Journal of pediatrics Early cPAP in respiratory distress syndrome It is impoant to note that cPAP helps mainly by preventing the alveolar collapse in infants with surfactant deficiency. Once atelactasis and collapse have occurred cPAP might not help much. Therefore all pretenn infants < 35 weeks with any sign of respiratory distress should be staed immediately on cPAP. Prophylactic cPAY Extending the above logic some have advocated the use of prophylactic cPAP before the onset of respiratory distress in preterm VLBW infants as majority of them would eventually develop respiratory distress. However there is no evidence for any additional benefits with this approach, indeed there are concerns regarding increased adverse effect such as intraventricular hemorrhage. "Hence prophylactic cPAP is not recommended at present". Beneficial effects of cPAP Increase in. functional residual capacity Increased pulmonary compliance Prevents alveolar collapse Increases airway diameter Conserves surfactant Decrease in alveolar aerial 02 pressure gradiant. More on cPAP Continuous positive airway pressure is a modality in which increased pulmonary pressure is provided during the expiratory phase of respiration in spontaneously breathing neonates. The mechanism by which CPAP produces its beneficial effects includes:? - Increased alveolar recruitment and stability - Redistribution of lung water This results in improved V/Q matching The administration of CPAP :? - Decreases oxygen requirements - Decreased need for mechanical ventilation and - Reduces moality and duration of respiratory assistance Indications of CPAP Inadequate aerial blood gas values - Inability to maintain a PaO, greater than 50 mmHg with Fi02 .60. cPAP is initiated in newborns with RDS when Pa02 is approximately less than 50 mmHg on a Fi02 of .40. Abnormalities on physical examination - the presence of increased work of breathing as indicated by an increase in respiratory rate of >30% of normal, substernal and suprasternal retractions grunting and nasal flaring, the presence of pale or cyanotic skin colour and agitation. In treatment of RDS in both term and preterm infants. Prolonged and recurrent apneic attacks of prematurity. The presence of poorly expanded and / or infiltrated lung fields on chest radiograph. The presence of a condition thought to be responsive to CPAP and associated with one or more of the clinical presentation discribed above. - Respiratory distress syndrome Pulmonary edema - Atelactasis - Apnea of prematurity Recent extubation - Tracheal malacia or other similar abnormality of the lower airways - Transient tachyapnea of the newbornon ulcers
Used prophylactically in baby born with < lkg wt or < 28 weeks gestation
Initiate as early in preterm with resp. distress
Initiate with < 50 - 60 % Fi02
Improved lung compliance and oxygenation