All of the following are recognized effects of combined oral contraceptives except
Adverse effects of OCP- breakthrough bleeding, coronary and cerebral thrombosis resulting in MI or stroke, increased incidence of genital carcinoma-like vaginal, cervical, breast cancers. It has a protective effect against endometrial carcinoma due to progesterone (Ref.Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi 7th edition page no.325,326)
Breakthrough bleeding
Decreased risk of endometrial cancer
Increased risk of ischemic stroke
Increased risk of colon cancer
Endocrinology