Bruxism is seen in
Parasomnias Parasomnias are dysfunctions or episodic nocturnal events occurring with sleep, sleep stages or paial arousals. These disorders occur during deep sleep, i.e. Stages 3 and 4 of NREM-sleep. The common Stage 4 parasomnias are: 1. Sleep-walking ( somnambulism): The patient carries out automatic motor activities that range from simple to complex. He may leave the bed, walk about or leave the house. Arousal is difficult and accidents may occur during sleep-walking. 2. Sleep-terrors or night terrors ( pavor nocturnus): The patient suddenly gets up screaming with autonomic arousal (tachycardia, sweating and hyperventilation). He may be difficult to arouse and rarely recalls the episode on awakening. 3. Sleep-related enuresis (bedwetting): 4. Bruxism (teeth-grinding): The patient has an involuntary and forceful grinding of teeth during sleep. Though the bed paner repos loud sounds produced by grinding of teeth and destruction of the tooth enamel is obvious, the patient remains completely unaware of the episode(s). 5. Sleep-talking ( somniloquy): The patient talks during stages 3 and 4 of sleep but does not remember anything about it in the morning on awakening. Treatment Since benzodiazepines suppress stage 4 of NREM sleep, a single dose at bedtime usually provides relief from stage 4 parasomnias. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 140
NREM stage 1, 2
NREM stage 3, 4
REM
Any of the above
Sleep disorders and eating disorders