Mechanism of action of Clomiphene citrate used for infeility:-
The ability of Clomiphene citrate (CC) to initiate an ovulatory sequence is primarily due to its ability to be recognized by and interact with the estrogen receptors in hypothalamus. In its capacity as an Estrogen antagonist,CC displaces endogenous estrogen from hypothalamic estrogen receptor sites and hence inhibiting the negative feedback of the endogenous estrogen on the hypothalamus (Reproductive Medicine & Surgery, Wallach and Zacur, Mosby '95). In simple terms, there is non recognition of the body's estrogens by the hypothalamus due to the blockade of estrogens receptors by CC and hence the hypothalamus directs the pituitary to make more of FSH which in turn drives the ovary to make a follicle to make estrogens.The development of follicle is the preceeding event before ovulation.
Block estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus
Negative feedback on HPO axis
Direct action on ovarian primordial follicles
Increase in tubal motility
Infeility (Eggs'plantation!)