Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent that should be avoided in patients with renal failure is:
(Ref: Katzung, 14th ed. pg. 179; KDT 6th ed. pg. 140 table 10.2)Lipid insoluble b blockers: These agents are mainly excreted by kidney and are therefore contraindicated in renal failure. These have long duration of action. The drugs are:Nadolol (longest acting b blockers)SotalolAtenololAcebutololBetaxololBisoprololCelioprolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Propranolol
Esmolol
A.N.S.