CClonidine is used as an antihypeensive agent but if used as a fast intravenous injection, it can increase the blood pressure due to:
(Ref.KDT 6/e p548) Alpha 2 receptors are present both presynaptically as well as postsynaptically. Clonidine acts as an a2 agonist and decreases the central sympathetic outflow. However, it can also act on vascular postsynaptic a2 receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure. Chances of this reaction is more when clonidine is administered by quick i.v. injection.
Stimulation of vasomotor center
Release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings
Agonistic action on vascular Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
Cardiac stimulation
Other topics and Adverse effects