In a patient who has diarrhoea and vomiting with inadequate water intake is suffering from-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia o Extracellular fluid consists of Interstitial (intercellular fluid) Circulating blood Intestinal fluids and secretions o Intracellular fluid consists of fluid present within the cells. o Loss of fluid in diarrhoea and vomiting comes from extracellular fluid. Therefore there is shrinkage or reduction in the volume of extracellular fluid. o Diarrhoea and vomiting both cause loss of Na+ rich fluid therefore there is decline in the serum sodium level (hyponatremia). o This causes fall in osmolality of ECF leading to shifting of fluid from ECF to ICF causing fuher decrease in ECF volume.
Intracellular dehydration with hypernatremia
Intracellular dehydration with hyponatremia
Extracellular dehydration with hyponatremia
Extracellular dehydration with hypernatremia