Foot ulcers in diabetes are due to all except
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Decreased immunity The reasons for the increased incidence offoot ulcers in DM involve the interaction of several pathogenic factors Neuropathv (Microvascular complication) Motor and sensory neuropathy lead t abnormal foot muscle mechanics and to structural changes in the foot (hammeoe, claw toe deformity, prominent metatarsal heads, charcot joint). Autonomic neuropathv Results in anhidrosis and altered superficial blood flow in the foot, which promote drying of the skin and fissure formation. PAD and poor wound healing impede resolution of minor breaks in the skin, allowing them to enlarge and to become infected. Abnormal foot biomechanics. P.A.D. (Macrovascular complication) Leads to occlusive aerial disease that results in ischemia in the lower extremity and an increased risk of ulceration in diabetic patients. Poor wound healing. Grades of diabetic foot ulcers Grade 0 skin intact but bony deformities produce a "foot at risk". Grade 1 localized, superficial ulcer. Grade 2 deep ulcer to tendon, bone, ligament, or joint. Grade 3 deep abscess, osteomyelitis Grade 4 gangrene of toes or forefoot Grade 5 gangrene of entire foot
Decreased immunity
Neuropathy
Microangiopathy
Macroangiopathy