The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract:
b. Hypospadias(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 2573-2578)Hypospadias is a urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penile shaft affecting 1 in 250 male newborns.Exstrophy of urinary bladder:It occurs in 1 in 35,000-40,000 births; Male: female ratio is 2:1Severity ranges from simple epispadias (in boys) to cloacal exstrophy. Posterior urethral valve:The most common cause of severe obstructive uropathy in children is posterior urethral valves, affecting 1 in 8,000 boys.
Epispadias
Hypospadias
Exstrophy of bladder
Posterior urethral valve
Kidney