All of the following are criteria for high risk of developing chloroquine retinopathy except:
CHLOROQUINE It is a rapidly acting erythrocytic schizontocide against all species of plasmodia; controls most clinical attacks in 1-2 days with disappearance of parasites from peripheral blood in 1-3 days. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are in the range of 15-30 ng/ml. Adverse effects: Toxicity of chloroquine is low, but side effects are frequent and unpleasant: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, uncontrollable itching, epigastric pain, uneasiness, difficulty in accommodation and headache. Suppressive doses have been safely given for 3 years. * Parenteral administration can cause hypotension, cardiac depression, arrhythmias and CNS toxicity including convulsions (more likely in children). * Prolonged use of high doses (as needed for rheumatoid ahritis, DLE, etc.) may cause loss of vision due to retinal damage. Corneal deposits may also occur and affect vision, but are reversible on discontinuation. * Loss of hearing, rashes, photoallergy, mental disturbances, myopathy and graying of hair can occur on long-term use. Chloroquine can be used for treatment of malaria during pregnancy: no aboifacient or teratogenic effects have been repoed. Caution is to be exercised in the presence of liver damage, severe g.i., neurological and haematological diseases. Attacks of seizures, porphyria and psoriasis may be precipitated. Chloroquine should not be coadministered with mefloquine, amiodarone and other antiarrhythmics ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:785,786
Duration of use >5 years
Seen at a dose of >250mg\/d or > 3mg\/kg
>480g total dose
Presence of renal failure
Chemotherapy