Which of the following factor is related to diabetic retinopathy?
Duration of DM and degree of glycemic control are the best predictors of the development of retinopathy; hypeension is also a risk factor. Nonproliferative retinopathy is found in many individuals who have had DM for >20 years (25% incidence with 5 years, and 80% incidence with 15 years of type 1 DM). Although there is genetic susceptibility for retinopathy, it confers less influence than either the duration of DM or the degree of glycemic control. Ref: Powers A.C. (2012). Chapter 344. Diabetes Mellitus. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.
Duration of disease
Severity of disease
Family history
Control of diabetes