Which of the following statements are true about the management in a lady with hematuria diagnosed to have Stage II Transitional Cell Carcinoma of bladder?
Transurethral Resection(TUR) alone in the management of patients with invasive bladder cancer carries a high likelihood of recurrence and progression. Considering the high likelihood of recurrence and progression, a greater than, 70%> chance of requiring cystectomy within 5 years appears to be logically correct. Ref: The surgical review: an integrated basic and clinical science study guide By Pavan Atluri, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Paige M. Porrett, Larry R. Kaiser, Page 398; Principle of internal medicine Harrison's 16th Edition, Page 539-540.
Cystoscopic fulguration is the standard treatment
70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR
History of smoking is not a risk factor
There is no role of chemotherapy