Tear drop sign: (Repeat)
Ans: A ( floor of the orbit) Ref: Basok Essentials of ophthalmology 5th edition, pg no 421: kanski 7th edition clinical ophthalmology, pg no 873- 874Explanation:Blow out fracture of orbit:Caused by a sudden increase in the orbital pressure by an impacting object of size > 5cm like tennis ball or fist.The fracture usually involves the floor of the orbit, along the thin bone covering the infra orbital canal.Two types:Pure Blow Out fracture does not involve the orbital rim or the other bonesImpure Form involves other bonesSymptoms:Diplopia - due to the entrapment of muscle into the fracture , intraorbital hemorrhage or injury to the muscle itselfDouble Diplopia - Diplopia in both upgaze & downgaze due to entrapment of both Inferior rectus (Depression) & inferior oblique (Elevation)Periocular ecchymosis & edemaEnophthalmosInfraorbital nerve anaesthesia Investigations: X-ray (WATER'S view) - kTear Drop Sign ' because of the protruding orbital tissue from the floor if the orbit into the maxillary antrum.Management:Conserv ative management with antibiotics & anti inflammatory drugsOrbital floor repair with bone graft, silicone plate within 2 weeksIndications:Fracture involving > one third of the floorPersisting diplopiaEnophthalmos > 2mmBlow-In Fracture:Sudden rise of pressure in the maxillary antrum due to trauma to the face with subsequent elevation of bone fragments into the orbit.
floor of orbit
Retinoblastoma
Dry eyes
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Orbit