Knudson two hit hypothesis is seen with
Ref Robbins 9/e p290 The Knudson hypothesis, also known as the two-hit hypothesis is the hypothesis that most genes require two mutations to cause a phenotypic change. It was first formulated by Alfred G. Knudson retinoblastoma, a tumor of the retina that occurs both as an inherited disease and sporadically. He noted that inherited retinoblastoma occurs at a younger age than the sporadic disease. In addition, the children with inherited retinoblastoma often developed the tumor in both eyes, suggesting an underlying predisposition. Knudson suggested that two "hits" to DNA were necessary to cause the cancer. In the children with inherited retinoblastoma, the first mutation in what later came to be identified as the RB1 gene, was inherited, the second one acquired. In non-inherited retinoblastoma, instead two mutations, or "hits", had to take place before a tumor could develop, explaining the later onset.
Melanoma
Retinoblastoma
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn disease
General anatomy