Placenta previa true are:
Chances of placenta previa are increased in case of history of prior cesarean section—
“The probability of placenta previa is four times greater in patients with prior cesareans than in patients without uterine scars.”
Fernando Arias 3/e, p 333, 334
Therefore, option a is correct (partly though) because the option says two-fold increase
As far as - other options are concerned:
Option ‘b’ i.e. it is more common in primipara is absolutely wrong as - placenta previa is more common in multipara.
Option ‘c’ It is more common in developed countries.
Now that is incorrect because -
“Increased family planning acceptance with limitation and spacing of birth, lowers the incidence of placenta previa.”
Dutta obs 6/e, p 243
Which clearly means it is less common in developed countries than in developing countries.
Option ‘d’ - Incidence is 1 per 1000 pregnancies:
According to Dutta Obs 6/e, p 243
“Incidence of placenta previa ranges from 0.5 to 1% among hospital deliveries.”
“According to 2003 birth certificate data in the US, placenta previa complicated almost 1 in 300 deliveries”
Williams Obs 23/e, p 770
i.e. option ‘d’ is incorrect.
As far as option e is concerned placenta previa is a cause of APH and not PPH. So, amongst all options - option ‘a’ is partly correct, so it is the answer of choice here
Incidence increases by two fold after LSCS
More common in primipara
Most common in developed countries
1 per 1000 pregnancies