Pseudohyponatremia is found in all of the following EXCEPT:
Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma level less than 135 meq/L. Most often it reflects excess water, rather than less of Na+, in the plasma. Hence, plasma becomes hypo-osmolar in most instances. Hyponatremia with a normal plasma osmolality is the so-called "pseudohyponatremia". It occurs when plasma lipids or proteins are greatly elevated (options A & B). The proteins or lipids do not increase plasma osmolality significantly. However, they occupy a significant volume of the plasma; and hence the measured in the entire plasma is low. Hyponatremia with normal body Na+ content is seen in hypothyroidism (option D), coisol deficiency, and SIADH. Hyponatremia with increased total body Na+ is seen in edematous states, such as congestive hea failure, cirrhosis of liver, and nephrotic syndrome. Hyponatremia with increased plasma osmolality is seen in hyperglycemia associated with uncontrolled DM. In such a condition, the high plasma glucose causes water to move by osmosis, from cells into plasma. The excess water in ECF leads to hyponatremia.
Severe hyperlipemia
Extreme hyperproteinemia
Aldosterone excess
Hypothyroidism
Endocrine System