True about achalasia cardia, all except:
Ans is 'c' i.e. increased primary peristaltic waves in the esophagus Manometry is the most confirmatory investigation for achalasia Manometric characteristics of Achlasia Incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (< 75% relaxation) Elevated LES pressure Loss of primary peristaltic waves in the esophageal body, but disorganized muscular activity may be present. Increased intraesophageal baseline pressure relative to gastric baseline. About option 'd' Increased risk of esophageal cancer Patients with achalasia are generally thought to be at increased risk for developing esophageal cancer, which is typically squamous cell type, although studies have also shown an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. (but some studies have shown no increased risk.) Risk is not high enough to advice routine endoscopy in achalasia patients. A guideline issued by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy suggests that there are insufficient data to suppo routine endoscopic surveillance for patients with achalasia. If surveillance were to be considered, it would be reasonable to initiate it 15 years after onset of symptoms
elevated resting LES tone
elevated resting LES tone
increased primary peristaltic waves in the esophagus
pre malignant