Which of the following is associated with >20% risk of chromosomal anomalies?
Omphalocele is a membrane-covered herniation of abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord; the incidence is 2 per 10,000 live bihs (0.02%). Over 50% of cases have either an abnormal karyotype or an associated syndrome. The sac may contain liver and spleen as well as intestine. Prognosis varies with the size of the lesion, with the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory insufficiency, and with the presence of associated abnormalities. Ref: Thilo E.H., Rosenberg A.A. (2012). Chapter 2. The Newborn Infant. In W.W. Hay, Jr., M.J. Levin, R.R. Deterding, J.J. Ross, J.M. Sondheimer (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 21e.
Cleft lip
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Spina bifida