Blowout injury refers to what?
Ref: Basok Essentials of Ophthalmology 5th edition, pg no 421: Kanski: Clinical Ophthalmology; 7th edition, pg no 873- 874Explanation:Blow out fracture of orbit:Caused by a sudden increase in the orbital pressure by an impacting object of size > 5cm like tennis ball or fist.The fracture usually involves the floor of the orbit, along the thin bone covering the infra orbital canal.Two types:Pure Blow Out fracture does not involve the orbital rim or the other bones.Impure Form involves other bones.Symptoms:Diplopia - due to the entrapment of muscle into the fracture, intraorbital hemorrhage or injury to the muscle itself.Double Diplopia - Diplopia in both upgaze & downgaze due to entrapment of both Inferior rectus (Depression) & inferior oblique (Elevation).Periocular ecchymosis & edema.Enophthalmos.Infraorbital nerve ana esthesia.Investigations: X-ray (WATER'S view) - 'Tear Drop Sign' because of the protruding orbital tissue from the floor if the orbit into the maxillary antrum.Management:Conservative management with antibiotics & anti inflammatory drugs.Orbital floor repair with bone graft, silicone plate within 2 weeks.Indications:Fracture involving > one third of the floorPersisting diplopiaEnophthalmos > 2mmBlow-In Fracture:Sudden rise of pressure in the maxillary antrum due to trauma to the face with subsequent elevation of bone fragments into the orbit.
Fracture of orbit
Fracture of maxillary antrum
Fracture of nasal septum
Fracture of mandible
Ocular Trauma