All of the following are CRF changes except
From G2 TO G3 transition- PTH | But despite being PTH | (secondary hyperparathyroidism)- the phosphate levels | as declining GFR leads to | excretion of phosphate- phosphate retention The retained phosphate stimulates increased synthesis of PTH and growth of parathyroid gland mass Decreased levels of ionized calcium, resulting from diminished calcitriol production by the failing kidney as well as phosphate retention, also stimulate PTH production. Abnormalities of serum potassium are common in patients with CKD. Although hyperkalemia is a well-recognized complication of CKD, the prevalence rates of hyperkalemia (14%-20%) and hypokalemia (12%-18%) are similar. CKD severity, use of medications such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and diuretics, and dietary potassium intake are major determinants of serum potassium concentration in CKD. Demographic factors, acid-base status, blood glucose, and other comorbidities contribute as well. Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia are associated with similarly increased risks of death, cardiovascular disease, and hospitalization.
Hyperkalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hypokalemia
Chronic Kidney Disease & Diabetic Nephropathy