Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism differs in all of the following EXCEPT: March 2013
Ans. C i.e. Symptomatology Parkinsonism/ Parkinson's syndrome/Atypical Parkinson's/Secondary Parkinson's It is a neurological syndrome (not necessarily the specific disease) characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous, and diagnosis can be complex. The neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of parkinsonism. However, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms, including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases, and a handful of non-PD neurological conditions The age of the person presenting with parkinsonism is significant. A 20 year old person might present with parkinsonism. Younger patients should be checked for the many causes of parkinsonism, including Wilson disease and not immediately be given the diagnosis of Parkinson "disease". However, Juvenile Parkinson disease can cause parkinsonism in a child or young adult. In contrast a 60 year old person might present with parkinsonism, at first be diagnosed with Parkinson Disease, then determined to have a Parkinson plus syndrome. About 7% of people with parkinsonism have developed their symptoms following treatment with paicular medications. Side effect of medications, mainly neuroleptic antipsychotics especially the phenothiazines (such as perphenazine and chlorpromazine), thioxanthenes (such as flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol) and butyrophenones (such as haloperidol), piperazines (such as ziprasidone), and, rarely, antidepressants. The incidence of drug-induced parkinsonism increases with age. Drug induced parkinsonism tends to remain at its presenting level, i.e. does not progress like the parkinson disease. Parkinson's disease/PD/Idiopathic or primary parkinsonism/Hypokinetic rigid syndrome/HRS/ Paralysis agitans It is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait. Later,thinking and behavioral problems may arise, with dementia commonly occurring in the advanced stages of the disease, whereas depression is the most common psychiatric symptom. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep and emotional problems. Parkinson's disease is more common in the elderly, with most cases occurring after the age of 50. The main motor symptoms are collectively called parkinsonism, or a "parkinsonian syndrome". Parkinson's disease is often defined as a parkinsonian syndrome that is idiopathic (having no known cause),
Age of presentation
Response to Levodpa
Symptomatology
Prognosis