A child with recurrent urinary tract infections is most likely to show:
Reflux is the most common cause of pyelonephritis and is found in 30% to 50% of children presenting with urinary tract infection. In primary reflux, the child (on average, between 2 and 3 years of age) usually presents with symptoms of pyelonephritis or cystitis. Ref:Kligman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), Chapter 539, "Vesicoureteral Reflux", In the book, "Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics", Volume 2, 18th Edition, New Delhi, Page 2229
Posterior urethral valves
Vesicoureteric reflux
Neurogenic bladder
Renal and ureteric calculi