Recurrent respiratory tract infections may occur in all of the following except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tetralogy of Fallot Chest infections are frequent in the following two groups of congenital cardiac anomalies. a) Left to right shunts ---> This group includes o Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect o Patent ductus aeriosus This group of CHD's are characterized by frequent chest infections. There is large flow of blood in the lungs which causes lung infections. o Each attack of cold seems to turn into Bronchopneumonia. o It is not uncommon for these patients to have 6-8 attacks of pneumonia in the first year of life. b)Cyanosis with increased pulmonary blood flow. o A large no. of conditions result in a combination of cyanosis with increased pulmonary blood flow. o Common to these conditions is the presence of abnormal mixing of pulmonary venous blood with the systemic venous blood and absence of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. o The anomalies included in this group are Transposition of great vessels Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection Single ventricle without obstruction to pulmonary blood flow Persistent truncus aeriosus Tricuspid atresia with absence of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. Double outlet right ventricle without pulmonary stenosis. o Clinically these patients are characterized by Cyanosis Cardiomegaly Almost 80% of these patients are lost due to congestive cardiac failure or pulmonary infection. Congenital hea diseases which are not predisposed to pulmonary infection 1) Right to left shunts 2) Obstructive lesions This group includes This group includes o Tetralogy of Fallot o Aoic stenosis o Ebstein's anamoly o Coarctation of Aoa Characteristic of this group is o Pulmonary stenosis Presence of cyanosis Clinical characteristic of this group Absence of chest infections Absence of frequent chest infections and cyanosis Absence of precordial bulge Presence of forcible or heaving cardiac impulse.
Ventricular septa] defect
Tetrology of Fallot
Transposition of great aeries
Total anomalous venous return