The stapes is embryologically derived from the following pharyngeal arch ?
The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to Reiche cailage, which eventually forms:Manubrium of the malleusLong process of the incusStapes suprastructureTympanic poion of the stapes footplateThe vestibular poion of the stapes footplate derives from the otic capsule. Other structures which derived from the second pharyngeal arch mesoderm are:Facial nerveMuscles of facial expressionStapedius muscleThe upper poion of the hyoid boneStylohyoid ligament Ref: Brown K.D., Selesnick S.H. (2012). Chapter 48. Congenital Disorders of the Middle Ear. In A.K. Lalwani (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, 3e.
1st arch
2nd arch
3rd arch
4th arch