Common complication of acute & chronic pancreatitis -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pseudocyst " Pseudocysts occur in up to 10% of patients with acute pancreatitis, and in 20 to 38% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, and thus, they comprise the most common complication of chronic pancreatitis ",-- Schwartz 9/e pi200Pancreatic Pseudocysto Pancreatic pseudocyst is collection of pancreatic fluid surrounded by a nonepithelialized wall of granulation tissue and fibrosis.o Most common cause of pancreatic pseudocyst is Pancreatitis (90%)The second most common cause is trauma (10%).o Pseudocysts are seen in both acute and chronic pancreatitis.o Most common causes of acute pancreatitis in children include:Blunt abdominal injuries,Mumps and other viral illnessesCongenital anomalieso Management of Pancreatic Pseudocvsto A pancreatic pseudocvst may resolve spontaneously so it is followed with serial ultrasound studies,o Indications of Surgical intervention: (Ref: Bailey and Love 25/e 1145; CSDT 13/ep583; Harrison 17/e p)Age of cyst more than 12 weeks without resolutionSize of cyst greater than 6 cm.Symptomaticiv) Development of complications (eg. haemorrhage, perforation, g.i. obstruction)But note that these indications for intervention arejust a generalization usedfor teaching the undergraduates. These are not specific indications for interventions.Therapeutic interventions are advised (irrespective of size and duration) whenThe pseudocyst is symptomatic orIncreasing is size on follow up studies, orAny complication (rupture, hemorrhage, or abscess) arise orThere is suspicion of malignancy.Thus expectan t management is adequate (irrespective of size) if the patient is asymptomatic and serial u/s studies show that the cyst is resolving,o Surgical methodsInternal Drainage: most preferred surgical management in uncomplicated pseudocyst is internal drainage. The three options are :CystojejunostomyCystogastrostomyCystoduodenostomyInternal drainage can be done either open surgical or laparoscopic or by percutaneous catheter-based methods (transgastric puncture and stent placement to create a cystogastrostomy)Excision of Pseudocvst - Is hardly done and is usually limited to pseudocyst involving the tail of the pancreas.External drainage-Is done in:-Infected pseudocystFor immature pseudocyst with thin nonfibrous walls that does not allow safe internal drainage.In an unstable pt. in whom more complex surgical intervention is precluded.Transp a pillary pancreatic duct stent: Because pseudocysts often communicate with the pancreatic ductal system, two newer approaches to pseudocyst management are based on main duct drainage, rather than pseudocyst drainage per se.A stent is passed into the pseudocyst through the papilla of Vater. this drainage, particularly when incomplete, can allow bacteria to enter the pseudocyst and lead to development of an infected pseudocyst.Another transpapillary approach involves placing a stent across the duct defect rather than into the cyst through the defect. By excluding pancreatic juice from the pseudocyst, this bridging intraductal stent may permit the duct disruption to heal and the pseudocyst to resolve without drainage (analogous to the use of common bile duct stents in the setting of a cystic duct leak).
Portalvein thrombosis
Pancreatic abscess
Pseudocyst
Pancreatic head mass
Pathophysiology - Chronic Pancreatitis