Neointimal hyperplasia causes vascular graft failure as a result of hyperophy of:
The proliferation of smooth muscle cells is a critical event in the neointimal hyperplastic response. Blockade of smooth muscle cell proliferation resulted in preservation of normal vessel phenotype and function, causing the reduction of neointimal hyperplasia and graft failure. Ref: Advances in End-stage Renal Diseases 2005: International Conference on Dialysis By Claudio Ronco, 2005, Page 30 ; Tissue Engineering: From Lab to Clinic By Norbe Pallua, Christoph V. Suscheck, 2011, Page 280
Endothelial cells
Collagen fibers
Smooth muscle cells
Elastic fibers