Feature(s) of Allergic conjunctivitis is/are all except:
Ans: D (UsuaIly..) SIMPLE ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITISIt is a mild, non-specific allergic conjunctivitis characterized by itching, hyperaemia and mild papillary response. Basically, it is an acute or subacute urticarial reaction.EtiologyIt is seen in following forms:Hay fever conjunctivitis. It is commonly associated with hay fever (allergic rhinitis). The common allergens are pollens, grass and animal dandruff.Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). SAC is a response to seasonal allergens such as grass pollens. It is of very common occurrence,Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) is a response to perennial allergens such as house dust and mite. It is not so common, results. However, a trial may be given in recurrent cases.PathologyPathological features of simple allergic conjunctivitis comprise vascular, cellular and conjunctival responses.Vascular response is characterised by sudden and extreme vasodilation and increased permeability of vessels leading to exudation.Cellular response is in the form of conjunctival Infiltration and exudation in the discharge of eosinophils, plasma cells and mast cells producing histamine and histamine-like substances.Conjunctival response is in the form of boggy swelling of conjunctiva followed by increased connective tissue formation and mild papillary hyperplasia.Clinical PictureSymptoms include intense itching and burning sensation in the eyes associated with watery discharge and mild photophobia.Signs (a) Hyperaemia and chemosis which give a swollen juicy appearance to the conjunctiva, (b) Conjunctiva may also show mild papillary reaction, (c) Oedema of lids.DiagnosisDiagnosis is made from : (1) typical symptoms and signs; (2) normal conjunctival flora; and (3) presence of abundant eosinophils in the discharge.TreatmentElimination of allergens if possible.Local palliative measures which provide immediate relief include:Vasoconstrictors like adrenaline, ephedrine, and naphazoline.Sodium cromoglycate drops are very effective in preventing recurrent atopic cases.Steroid eye drops should be avoided. However, these may be prescribed for short duration in severe and non- responsive patients.Systemic antihistaminic drugs are useful in acute cases with marked itching.Desensitization has been tried without much rewardingFig: (Khurana): Differentiating features of common types of conjunctivitis BacterialViralAllergicChlamydial(A) CLINICAL SIGNS 1. CongestionMarkedModerateMild to moderateModerate2. Chemosis+++- +-3. Subconjunctival haemorrhages++---4. DischargePurulent or mucopurulentWateryRopy/wateiyMucopurulent5. Papillae+-+++6. Follicles-+-++7. Pseudomembrane++--8.Pannus--- (Exceptvernai)+9. Pre-auricular lymph nodes+++-+(B) CYT0L0G1CAL FEATURES 1. Neutrophils++ (Early)-+2. Eosinophils--+-3. Lymphocytes-+-+4. Plasma cells---+5. Multi nuclear cells-+--6. Inclusion bodies: Cytoplasmic-+(Pox)-+Nuclear-+ (Herpes)--7. Micro-organisms+---
Itching
Papillary'hyperplasia
Presence of abundant eosinophils in the discharge
Usually present throughout year
Inflammations of Conjunctiva - Allergic and Granulomatous