If posterior epistaxis cannot be controlled,which aery is kigated
ESPAL is the current ligation of choice controlling bleeding in over 90% of cases with a low complication rate. Sphenopalatine aery is ligated in the sphenopalatine foramen. Ref Scott Brown 7/e,Vol 2,p 1606.
posterior Ethmoidal aery
Maxillary aery
Sphenopalatine aery
External carotid aery
Nose and paranasal sinuses