Phocomelia:
D i.e. Failure of development of long bonesRef: Nelson, 20th editionExplanation:Phocomelia Syndrome (PS)Rare birth defect that causes severe birth defects, especially of the upper limbs.The bones of the arms may be extremely shortened and even absent. The fingers of the hands may be fused.Risk factors:Maternal thalidomide therapy,Genetic inheritance,Roberts syndrome.An extreme case results in the absence of the upper bones of both the arms and legs so that the hands and feet appear attached directly to the body. This is called tetraphocomelia*.Other associated anomalies:Encephalocele.Hydrocephalus,Bicornuate uterus.Short neck,Thrombocytopenia,Renal and cardiac anomalies.
Failure of calcification of cartilage
Failure of membranous ossification
Failure of development of flat bones
Failure of development of long bones
Musculo Skeletal Disorders