A middle aged man operated for testicular cancer. Histological examination shows primitive looking "ugly" cells with abundant mitotic cells. The tumor cells are positive for cytokeratin and CD30. The type of tumor is:
Microscopically, embryonal carcinoma cells are the most undifferentiated of the GCT types and are characterized by alveolar or tubular architecture; pleomorphic, primitive looking "ugly" cells with abundant mitotic figures. Phenotypic characterization can reveal positivity for cytokeratin, CD30, PLAP, AFP, and hCG. Modest elevations of both AFP and hCG are typical, but impoantly, pure embryonal cancers can be marker-negative in the serum. Ref: Wyatt C., Butterwoh IV J.F., Moos P.J., Mackey D.C., Brown T.G. (2008). Chapter 17. Pathology of the Male and Female Reproductive Tract and Breast. In C. Wyatt, J.F. Butterwoh IV, P.J. Moos, D.C. Mackey, T.G. Brown (Eds), Pathology: The Big Picture.
Embryonal carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Yolk sac tumors
Teratoma