A 19-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, aboion 1, is at 30 weeks gestation. Her fundal height measures 25cm. An obstetrical ultrasound examination reveals a 4 quadrant amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 4cm. Which of the following fetal conditions is associated with finding?
- AFI <4 cm is suggestive of Oligohydramnios - The only option of the provided that leads to oligohydramnios is Renal agenesis. Oligohydramnios can be caused by - Renal anomalies Uteroplacental insufficiency: IUGR ACE inhibitors Premature rupture of membranes Amniocentesis (leak) Pre-ecclampsia Amnion nodosum NSAIDs Post term pregnancy over estimated gestational age
Duodenal atresia
Open spina bifida
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal agenesis
Amniotic Fluid Dynamics