Which of the following pathogenic mechanism is involved in the generation of sarcoidosis:
Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis: Unidentified antigen - CD4+ helper T cells - Non-necrotizing epithelioid granuloma Intra-alveolar and interstitial accumulation of CD4+ helper T-cells. Increase in Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-g, resulting in T cell proliferation and macrophage activation, respectively Increase in several cytokines in the local environment (IL-8, TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein-1a) that or recruitment of additional T cells and monocytes and contribute to the formation of granulomas. Significant elevation of angiotensin-conveing enzyme (ACE) in serum (derived from activated macrophages. Impaired dendritic cell function.
Intra-alveolar and interstitial accumulation of CD4+ T cells
Increased levels of T cell-derived TH1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-g
Increased levels of cytokines in the local environment IL-8, TNF
All of the above
Sarcoidosis