A 22-year-old woman with Turner syndrome has a 2.5-centimeter mass in the right adnexa. An abdominal radiograph reveals focal areas of calcification in the mass. The patient has a
The patient most likely has a gonadoblastoma, which is sometimes associated with ceain types of Turner syndrome.Turner syndrome is characterized by an XO genotype (~ 60%) without any Barr body. Approximately, 40% of patients are mosaics with an XX/XO, a 45 XO/46 XX, or an XO/46 XY karyotype. The presence of a Y chromosome poses an increased risk for germ cell tumors of the streak gonads (ovary without eggs). Dysgerminomas and gonadoblastomas (germ cell plus sex cord stromal tumor) are the two most common tumors associated with this abnormality. Both of these tumors are also seen in ceain types of gonadal dysgenesis where there is female pseudohermaphroditism, that is, genotypic females with male appearing external genitalia. Gonadoblastomas, unlike dysgerminomas, frequently contain foci of calcification that are visible on abdominal films, as in this patient. Other primary ovarian tumors that frequently produce visible calcifications on abdominal films are cystic teratomas (bone and teeth) and fibromas.Dysgerminomas of the ovary are the female counterpa of seminomas of the testicle and pinealomas in the central nervous system. They are the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary, whereas cystic teratomas are the most common benign germ cell tumor. Dysgerminomas are bilateral in 10% of cases. They are solid tumors that contain large, anaplastic cells with prominent nucleoli intermixed with a benign lymphoid infiltrate. Dysgerminomas, like seminomas, are extremely radiosensitive tumors and have an excellent 5 year survival rate.Cystic teratomas, fibromas, and Brenner tumors of the ovary are not associated with Turner syndrome.
Cystic teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Fibroma
Gonadoblastoma
Gynaecological oncology