Ring scotoma is seen in:
Ring scotoma involves the point of fixation. Conditions resulting in ring scotoma are pigmentary retinopathies, retinitis, choroiditis, myopia, open angle glaucoma and optic neuropathies. Bilateral annular scotomas occur due to bilateral retinal or optic nerve disease but may also occur with bilateral occipital pole damage or occur on a functional basis. Scotomas are abnormal blind spots in visual fields. Types of scotomas: Central scotomas: In this the point of fixation is involved and central visual acuity is impaired. Centrocecal scotoma: It involve the point of fixation and extend to the normal blind spot. Paracentral scotoma: It involves the area adjacent to the point of fixation. Scintillating scotoma: They are subjective experiences of bright colorless and colored lights in the line of vision. They are often repoed by patients as pa of the aura preceding migraine headache. Ref: Waxman S.G. (2010). Chapter 15. The Visual System. In S.G. Waxman (Ed),Clinical Neuroanatomy, 26e. Clinical Pathways in Neuro-Ophthalmology: An Evidence-Based Approach By Andrew Lee, Paul Brazis page 2018.
Macular edema
Night blindness
Severe myopia
Angle closure glaucoma