In which of the following conditions Bandl's ring is seen?
Localized rings or constrictions of the uterus develop in association with prolonged obstructed labors. The pathological retraction ring of Bandl is associated with marked stretching and thinning of the lower uterine segment. The ring may be seen clearly as a uterine indentation and signifies impending rupture of the lower uterine segment. Ref: Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., Hauth J.C., Rouse D.J., Spong C.Y. (2010). Chapter 20. Abnormal Labor. In F.G. Cunningham, K.J. Leveno, S.L. Bloom, J.C. Hauth, D.J. Rouse, C.Y. Spong (Eds), Williams Obstetrics, 23e.
Undilated cervix
Premature rupture of membranes
Obstructed labour
Injudicious use of oxytocic