A 14-year-old boy presents for a pre-summer camp physical examination. Routine urinalysis discloses 3+ glucosuria. He admits to thirst and frequent urination, accompanied by a 4-kg (9-lb) weight loss over past few months. His parents note that he had a flu-like illness 5 months ago. His blood glucose is 220 mg/dL. Which of the following best explains the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in this patient?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) -Lifelong disorder of glucose homeostasis that results from autoimmune destruction of b-cells in islets of Langerhans. - Clinical onset coincides with another acute illness, such as febrile viral or bacterial infection. - Characterized by low or absent insulin secretion. - Most characteristic early finding in pancreas is lymphocytic infiltration in islets (insulitis), - As disease becomes chronic, b-cells of islets are progressively depleted.
Excess dietary glucose
Increased peripheral insulin uptake
Irregular insulin secretion
Islet cell destruction
Diabetes