The flow in the affected perforator in case of varicose veins is
Physiologically flow is from superficial to deep veins, valves prevent flow back into superficial system. When perforator becomes affected in varicose veins, valves are dysfunctional and flow occurs from deep to superficial veins. Reference: Bailey and love, 27th edition, page 971
From superficial to deep
From deep to superficial
No flow
Can be both directions
Vascular surgery