Not true about bacterial drug resistance mechanism:
Complete removal of target is cause of resistance to Vancomycin is not true. There is alteration of the target site, and not complete removal. Drug Resistance Option a Most common mechanism of resistance: b-lactamase enzymes are capable of hydrolysing the b-lactam rings. Option b If resistance is chromosomally mediated, it is usually transferred veically from parent to daughter bacteria. If resistance is plasmid mediated, it is usually transferred by horizontal route mainly by conjugation. Option c Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strains: Resistance to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics is not mediated by production of beta-lactamase enzymes, but is due to the modifications of proteins, such as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) found on the cell wall. These penicillin-resistant strains are also resistant to multiple drugs, such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, tetracycline, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Resistance is seen most often in S. pneumoniae serotypes 6, 9, 14, 19, and 23. Option d Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE): VRE is mediated by van gene, which alters the target site for vancomycin present in cell wall. D-alanyl-D-alanine side chain of peptidoglycan layer is altered to D-alanyl-D-serine or D-alanyl-D-lactate. This altered side chains have very less affinity for binding to vancomycin.
Most common mechanism is production of neutralizing enzymes
If resistance is plasmid mediated, it is always transferred veically
Alteration of target seen in pneumococcal resistance
Complete removal of target is cause of resistance to Vancomycin
Bacterial Treatment