Innate immunity is stimulated by which pa of bacteria that acts as a danger signal?
Conserved antigenic patterns in bacteria such as unmethylated CpG DNA, flagellin, and lipid and carbohydrate structures in the bacterial cell wall serve as danger signals to activate innate immunity, resulting in local inflammation and theinflux of the macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
Cell wall carbohydrate sequence
Flagella
Bacterial cell membrane
Nucleus