
# Dataset Card for Team-PIXEL/rendered-wikipedia-english


## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [https://github.com/xplip/pixel](https://github.com/xplip/pixel)
- **Repository:** [https://github.com/xplip/pixel](https://github.com/xplip/pixel)
- **Paper:** [Language Modelling with Pixels](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.06991)
- **Point of Contact:** [Phillip Rust](mailto:p.rust@di.ku.dk)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 125.66 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 125.56 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 251.22 GB

### Dataset Summary

This dataset contains the full English Wikipedia from February 1, 2018, rendered into images of 16x8464 resolution.

The original text dataset was built from a [Wikipedia dump](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/). Each example in the original *text* dataset contained the content of one full Wikipedia article with cleaning to strip markdown and unwanted sections (references, etc.). Each *rendered* example contains a subset of one full article. This rendered English Wikipedia was used to train the [PIXEL](https://huggingface.co/Team-PIXEL/pixel-base) model introduced in the paper [Language Modelling with Pixels](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.06991) by Phillip Rust, Jonas F. Lotz, Emanuele Bugliarello, Elizabeth Salesky, Miryam de Lhoneux, and Desmond Elliott.

The original Wikipedia text dataset was rendered article-by-article into 11.4M examples containing approximately 2B words in total. The dataset is stored as a collection of 338 parquet files.

It was rendered using the script openly available at [https://github.com/xplip/pixel/blob/main/scripts/data/prerendering/prerender_wikipedia.py](https://github.com/xplip/pixel/blob/main/scripts/data/prerendering/prerender_wikipedia.py). The text renderer uses a PyGame backend and a collection of merged Google Noto Sans fonts. The PyGame backend does not support complex text layouts (e.g. ligatures and right-to-left scripts) or emoji, so occurrences of such text in the Wikipedia data have not been rendered accurately.
Each example consists of a "pixel_values" field which stores a 16x8464 (height, width) grayscale image containing the rendered text, and an integer value "num_patches" which stores how many image patches (when splitting the image into 529 non-overlapping patches of resolution 16x16 pixels) in the associated images contain actual text, i.e. are neither blank (fully white) nor are the fully black end-of-sequence patch.

You can load the dataset as follows:

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Download the full dataset to disk
load_dataset("Team-PIXEL/rendered-wikipedia-english", split="train")

# Stream the dataset directly from the hub
load_dataset("Team-PIXEL/rendered-wikipedia-english", split="train", streaming=True)
```

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 125.66 GB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 125.56 GB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 251.22 GB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
    "pixel_values": <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=L size=8464x16
    "num_patches": "469"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

- `pixel_values`: an `Image` feature.
- `num_patches`: a `Value(dtype="int64")` feature.

### Data Splits

|train|
|:----|
|11446535|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).

Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text.

### Citation Information

```bibtex
@article{rust-etal-2022-pixel,
  title={Language Modelling with Pixels},
  author={Phillip Rust and Jonas F. Lotz and Emanuele Bugliarello and Elizabeth Salesky and Miryam de Lhoneux and Desmond Elliott},
  journal={arXiv preprint},
  year={2022},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.06991}
}
```


### Contact Person

This dataset was added by Phillip Rust.

Github: [@xplip](https://github.com/xplip)

Twitter: [@rust_phillip](https://twitter.com/rust_phillip)
annotations_creators:no-annotation language_creators:crowdsourced multilinguality:monolingual size_categories:10M<n<100M source_datasets:original language:en license:cc-by-sa-3.0 license:gfdl arxiv:2207.06991 region:us
{"annotations_creators": ["no-annotation"], "language_creators": ["crowdsourced"], "language": ["en"], "license": ["cc-by-sa-3.0", "gfdl"], "multilinguality": ["monolingual"], "size_categories": ["10M<n<100M"], "source_datasets": ["original"], "task_categories": ["masked-auto-encoding", "rendered-language-modelling"], "task_ids": ["masked-auto-encoding", "rendered-language-modeling"], "pretty_name": "Team-PIXEL/rendered-wikipedia-english"}
TAGS
#annotations_creators-no-annotation #language_creators-crowdsourced #multilinguality-monolingual #size_categories-10M<n<100M #source_datasets-original #language-English #license-cc-by-sa-3.0 #license-gfdl #arxiv-2207.06991 #region-us 

Dataset Card for Team-PIXEL/rendered-wikipedia-english
======================================================


Dataset Description
-------------------


* Homepage: URL
* Repository: URL
* Paper: Language Modelling with Pixels
* Point of Contact: Phillip Rust
* Size of downloaded dataset files: 125.66 GB
* Size of the generated dataset: 125.56 GB
* Total amount of disk used: 251.22 GB


### Dataset Summary


This dataset contains the full English Wikipedia from February 1, 2018, rendered into images of 16x8464 resolution.


The original text dataset was built from a Wikipedia dump. Each example in the original *text* dataset contained the content of one full Wikipedia article with cleaning to strip markdown and unwanted sections (references, etc.). Each *rendered* example contains a subset of one full article. This rendered English Wikipedia was used to train the PIXEL model introduced in the paper Language Modelling with Pixels by Phillip Rust, Jonas F. Lotz, Emanuele Bugliarello, Elizabeth Salesky, Miryam de Lhoneux, and Desmond Elliott.


The original Wikipedia text dataset was rendered article-by-article into 11.4M examples containing approximately 2B words in total. The dataset is stored as a collection of 338 parquet files.


It was rendered using the script openly available at URL The text renderer uses a PyGame backend and a collection of merged Google Noto Sans fonts. The PyGame backend does not support complex text layouts (e.g. ligatures and right-to-left scripts) or emoji, so occurrences of such text in the Wikipedia data have not been rendered accurately.
Each example consists of a "pixel\_values" field which stores a 16x8464 (height, width) grayscale image containing the rendered text, and an integer value "num\_patches" which stores how many image patches (when splitting the image into 529 non-overlapping patches of resolution 16x16 pixels) in the associated images contain actual text, i.e. are neither blank (fully white) nor are the fully black end-of-sequence patch.


You can load the dataset as follows:


Dataset Structure
-----------------


### Data Instances


* Size of downloaded dataset files: 125.66 GB
* Size of the generated dataset: 125.56 GB
* Total amount of disk used: 251.22 GB


An example of 'train' looks as follows.


### Data Fields


The data fields are the same among all splits.


* 'pixel\_values': an 'Image' feature.
* 'num\_patches': a 'Value(dtype="int64")' feature.


### Data Splits



Dataset Creation
----------------


### Curation Rationale


### Source Data


#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization


#### Who are the source language producers?


### Annotations


#### Annotation process


#### Who are the annotators?


### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
---------------------------------


### Social Impact of Dataset


### Discussion of Biases


### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
----------------------


### Dataset Curators


### Licensing Information


Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).


Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text.


### Contact Person


This dataset was added by Phillip Rust.


Github: @xplip


Twitter: @rust\_phillip



### Dataset Summary


This dataset contains the full English Wikipedia from February 1, 2018, rendered into images of 16x8464 resolution.


The original text dataset was built from a Wikipedia dump. Each example in the original *text* dataset contained the content of one full Wikipedia article with cleaning to strip markdown and unwanted sections (references, etc.). Each *rendered* example contains a subset of one full article. This rendered English Wikipedia was used to train the PIXEL model introduced in the paper Language Modelling with Pixels by Phillip Rust, Jonas F. Lotz, Emanuele Bugliarello, Elizabeth Salesky, Miryam de Lhoneux, and Desmond Elliott.


The original Wikipedia text dataset was rendered article-by-article into 11.4M examples containing approximately 2B words in total. The dataset is stored as a collection of 338 parquet files.


It was rendered using the script openly available at URL The text renderer uses a PyGame backend and a collection of merged Google Noto Sans fonts. The PyGame backend does not support complex text layouts (e.g. ligatures and right-to-left scripts) or emoji, so occurrences of such text in the Wikipedia data have not been rendered accurately.
Each example consists of a "pixel\_values" field which stores a 16x8464 (height, width) grayscale image containing the rendered text, and an integer value "num\_patches" which stores how many image patches (when splitting the image into 529 non-overlapping patches of resolution 16x16 pixels) in the associated images contain actual text, i.e. are neither blank (fully white) nor are the fully black end-of-sequence patch.


You can load the dataset as follows:


Dataset Structure
----------------- ### Data Instances


* Size of downloaded dataset files: 125.66 GB
* Size of the generated dataset: 125.56 GB
* Total amount of disk used: 251.22 GB


An example of 'train' looks as follows. ### Data Fields


The data fields are the same among all splits.


* 'pixel\_values': an 'Image' feature.
* 'num\_patches': a 'Value(dtype="int64")' feature. ### Data Splits



Dataset Creation
---------------- ### Curation Rationale ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
--------------------------------- ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
---------------------- ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information


Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).


Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. ### Contact Person


This dataset was added by Phillip Rust.


Github: @xplip


Twitter: @rust\_phillip
TAGS
#annotations_creators-no-annotation #language_creators-crowdsourced #multilinguality-monolingual #size_categories-10M<n<100M #source_datasets-original #language-English #license-cc-by-sa-3.0 #license-gfdl #arxiv-2207.06991 #region-us 
 ### Dataset Summary


This dataset contains the full English Wikipedia from February 1, 2018, rendered into images of 16x8464 resolution.


The original text dataset was built from a Wikipedia dump. Each example in the original *text* dataset contained the content of one full Wikipedia article with cleaning to strip markdown and unwanted sections (references, etc.). Each *rendered* example contains a subset of one full article. This rendered English Wikipedia was used to train the PIXEL model introduced in the paper Language Modelling with Pixels by Phillip Rust, Jonas F. Lotz, Emanuele Bugliarello, Elizabeth Salesky, Miryam de Lhoneux, and Desmond Elliott.


The original Wikipedia text dataset was rendered article-by-article into 11.4M examples containing approximately 2B words in total. The dataset is stored as a collection of 338 parquet files.


It was rendered using the script openly available at URL The text renderer uses a PyGame backend and a collection of merged Google Noto Sans fonts. The PyGame backend does not support complex text layouts (e.g. ligatures and right-to-left scripts) or emoji, so occurrences of such text in the Wikipedia data have not been rendered accurately.
Each example consists of a "pixel\_values" field which stores a 16x8464 (height, width) grayscale image containing the rendered text, and an integer value "num\_patches" which stores how many image patches (when splitting the image into 529 non-overlapping patches of resolution 16x16 pixels) in the associated images contain actual text, i.e. are neither blank (fully white) nor are the fully black end-of-sequence patch.


You can load the dataset as follows:


Dataset Structure
----------------- ### Data Instances


* Size of downloaded dataset files: 125.66 GB
* Size of the generated dataset: 125.56 GB
* Total amount of disk used: 251.22 GB


An example of 'train' looks as follows. ### Data Fields


The data fields are the same among all splits.


* 'pixel\_values': an 'Image' feature.
* 'num\_patches': a 'Value(dtype="int64")' feature. ### Data Splits



Dataset Creation
---------------- ### Curation Rationale ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
--------------------------------- ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
---------------------- ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information


Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).


Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. ### Contact Person


This dataset was added by Phillip Rust.


Github: @xplip


Twitter: @rust\_phillip