
# Dataset Card

- **Homepage:** https://bit.ly/ischool-berkeley-capstone
- **Repository:** https://github.com/daniel-furman/Capstone
- **Point of Contact:** daniel_furman@berkeley.edu

## Dataset Summary

This is the dataset for **Polyglot or Not?: Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models**.

## Test Description

 Given a factual association such as *The capital of France is **Paris***, we determine whether a model adequately "knows" this information with the following test:
 
 * Step **1**: prompt the model to predict the likelihood of the token **Paris** following *The Capital of France is*
 
 * Step **2**: prompt the model to predict the average likelihood of a set of false, counterfactual tokens following the same stem.
 
 If the value from **1** is greater than the value from **2** we conclude that model adequately recalls that fact. Formally, this is an application of the Contrastive Knowledge Assessment proposed in [[1][bib]]. 
 
 For every foundation model of interest (like [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971)), we perform this assessment on a set of facts translated into 20 languages. All told, we score foundation models on 303k fact-completions ([results](https://github.com/daniel-furman/capstone#multilingual-fact-completion-results)). 
 
 We also score monolingual models (like [GPT-2](https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf)) on English-only fact-completion ([results](https://github.com/daniel-furman/capstone#english-fact-completion-results)).

## Languages

The dataset covers 20 languages, which use either the Latin or Cyrillic scripts: bg, ca, cs, da, de, en, es, fr, hr, hu, it,
nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sv, uk.

## Data Splits

The dataset splits correspond to the 20 languages above. 

## Source Data

We sourced the English cut of the dataset from [1] and [2] and used the Google Translate API to produce the other 19 language cuts.

## Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license and may be used with the corresponding affordances without limit. 

## Citation Information

```
@misc{schott2023polyglot,
      doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2305.13675},
      title={Polyglot or Not? Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models}, 
      author={Tim Schott and Daniel Furman and Shreshta Bhat},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2305.13675,
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

## Bibliography

[1] Dong, Qingxiu, Damai Dai, Yifan Song, Jingjing Xu, Zhifang Sui, and Lei Li. "Calibrating Factual Knowledge in Pretrained Language Models". In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022. [arXiv:2210.03329][cka] (2022).

```
@misc{dong2022calibrating,
      doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2210.03329},
      title={Calibrating Factual Knowledge in Pretrained Language Models}, 
      author={Qingxiu Dong and Damai Dai and Yifan Song and Jingjing Xu and Zhifang Sui and Lei Li},
      year={2022},
      eprint={2210.03329},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

[2] Meng, Kevin, Arnab Sen Sharma, Alex Andonian, Yonatan Belinkov, and David Bau. "Mass Editing Memory in a Transformer." arXiv preprint [arXiv:2210.07229][memit] (2022).

```
@misc{meng2022massediting,
      doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2210.07229},
      title={Mass-Editing Memory in a Transformer}, 
      author={Kevin Meng and Arnab Sen Sharma and Alex Andonian and Yonatan Belinkov and David Bau},
      year={2022},
      eprint={2210.07229},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
task_categories:text-generation task_categories:fill-mask task_categories:text2text-generation language_creators:expert-generated language_creators:machine-generated multilinguality:multilingual size_categories:100K<n<1M language:en language:fr language:es language:de language:uk language:bg language:ca language:da language:hr language:hu language:it language:nl language:pl language:pt language:ro language:ru language:sl language:sr language:sv language:cs license:apache-2.0 natural-language-understanding arxiv:2302.13971 arxiv:2305.13675 arxiv:2210.03329 arxiv:2210.07229 region:us
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TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #task_categories-fill-mask #task_categories-text2text-generation #language_creators-expert-generated #language_creators-machine-generated #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #language-French #language-Spanish #language-German #language-Ukrainian #language-Bulgarian #language-Catalan #language-Danish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Russian #language-Slovenian #language-Serbian #language-Swedish #language-Czech #license-apache-2.0 #natural-language-understanding #arxiv-2302.13971 #arxiv-2305.13675 #arxiv-2210.03329 #arxiv-2210.07229 #region-us 


# Dataset Card

- Homepage: URL
- Repository: URL
- Point of Contact: daniel_furman@URL

## Dataset Summary

This is the dataset for Polyglot or Not?: Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models.

## Test Description

 Given a factual association such as *The capital of France is Paris*, we determine whether a model adequately "knows" this information with the following test:
 
 * Step 1: prompt the model to predict the likelihood of the token Paris following *The Capital of France is*
 
 * Step 2: prompt the model to predict the average likelihood of a set of false, counterfactual tokens following the same stem.
 
 If the value from 1 is greater than the value from 2 we conclude that model adequately recalls that fact. Formally, this is an application of the Contrastive Knowledge Assessment proposed in [[1][bib]]. 
 
 For every foundation model of interest (like LLaMA), we perform this assessment on a set of facts translated into 20 languages. All told, we score foundation models on 303k fact-completions (results). 
 
 We also score monolingual models (like GPT-2) on English-only fact-completion (results).

## Languages

The dataset covers 20 languages, which use either the Latin or Cyrillic scripts: bg, ca, cs, da, de, en, es, fr, hr, hu, it,
nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sv, uk.

## Data Splits

The dataset splits correspond to the 20 languages above. 

## Source Data

We sourced the English cut of the dataset from [1] and [2] and used the Google Translate API to produce the other 19 language cuts.

## Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license and may be used with the corresponding affordances without limit. 





## Bibliography

[1] Dong, Qingxiu, Damai Dai, Yifan Song, Jingjing Xu, Zhifang Sui, and Lei Li. "Calibrating Factual Knowledge in Pretrained Language Models". In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022. [arXiv:2210.03329][cka] (2022).



[2] Meng, Kevin, Arnab Sen Sharma, Alex Andonian, Yonatan Belinkov, and David Bau. "Mass Editing Memory in a Transformer." arXiv preprint [arXiv:2210.07229][memit] (2022).


# Dataset Card

- Homepage: URL
- Repository: URL
- Point of Contact: daniel_furman@URL ## Dataset Summary

This is the dataset for Polyglot or Not?: Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models. ## Test Description

 Given a factual association such as *The capital of France is Paris*, we determine whether a model adequately "knows" this information with the following test:
 
 * Step 1: prompt the model to predict the likelihood of the token Paris following *The Capital of France is*
 
 * Step 2: prompt the model to predict the average likelihood of a set of false, counterfactual tokens following the same stem.
 
 If the value from 1 is greater than the value from 2 we conclude that model adequately recalls that fact. Formally, this is an application of the Contrastive Knowledge Assessment proposed in [[1][bib]]. 
 
 For every foundation model of interest (like LLaMA), we perform this assessment on a set of facts translated into 20 languages. All told, we score foundation models on 303k fact-completions (results). 
 
 We also score monolingual models (like GPT-2) on English-only fact-completion (results). ## Languages

The dataset covers 20 languages, which use either the Latin or Cyrillic scripts: bg, ca, cs, da, de, en, es, fr, hr, hu, it,
nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sv, uk. ## Data Splits

The dataset splits correspond to the 20 languages above. ## Source Data

We sourced the English cut of the dataset from [1] and [2] and used the Google Translate API to produce the other 19 language cuts. ## Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license and may be used with the corresponding affordances without limit. ## Bibliography

[1] Dong, Qingxiu, Damai Dai, Yifan Song, Jingjing Xu, Zhifang Sui, and Lei Li. "Calibrating Factual Knowledge in Pretrained Language Models". In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022. [arXiv:2210.03329][cka] (2022).



[2] Meng, Kevin, Arnab Sen Sharma, Alex Andonian, Yonatan Belinkov, and David Bau. "Mass Editing Memory in a Transformer." arXiv preprint [arXiv:2210.07229][memit] (2022).
TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #task_categories-fill-mask #task_categories-text2text-generation #language_creators-expert-generated #language_creators-machine-generated #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #language-French #language-Spanish #language-German #language-Ukrainian #language-Bulgarian #language-Catalan #language-Danish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Russian #language-Slovenian #language-Serbian #language-Swedish #language-Czech #license-apache-2.0 #natural-language-understanding #arxiv-2302.13971 #arxiv-2305.13675 #arxiv-2210.03329 #arxiv-2210.07229 #region-us 
 # Dataset Card

- Homepage: URL
- Repository: URL
- Point of Contact: daniel_furman@URL ## Dataset Summary

This is the dataset for Polyglot or Not?: Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models. ## Test Description

 Given a factual association such as *The capital of France is Paris*, we determine whether a model adequately "knows" this information with the following test:
 
 * Step 1: prompt the model to predict the likelihood of the token Paris following *The Capital of France is*
 
 * Step 2: prompt the model to predict the average likelihood of a set of false, counterfactual tokens following the same stem.
 
 If the value from 1 is greater than the value from 2 we conclude that model adequately recalls that fact. Formally, this is an application of the Contrastive Knowledge Assessment proposed in [[1][bib]]. 
 
 For every foundation model of interest (like LLaMA), we perform this assessment on a set of facts translated into 20 languages. All told, we score foundation models on 303k fact-completions (results). 
 
 We also score monolingual models (like GPT-2) on English-only fact-completion (results). ## Languages

The dataset covers 20 languages, which use either the Latin or Cyrillic scripts: bg, ca, cs, da, de, en, es, fr, hr, hu, it,
nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sv, uk. ## Data Splits

The dataset splits correspond to the 20 languages above. ## Source Data

We sourced the English cut of the dataset from [1] and [2] and used the Google Translate API to produce the other 19 language cuts. ## Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license and may be used with the corresponding affordances without limit. ## Bibliography

[1] Dong, Qingxiu, Damai Dai, Yifan Song, Jingjing Xu, Zhifang Sui, and Lei Li. "Calibrating Factual Knowledge in Pretrained Language Models". In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022. [arXiv:2210.03329][cka] (2022).



[2] Meng, Kevin, Arnab Sen Sharma, Alex Andonian, Yonatan Belinkov, and David Bau. "Mass Editing Memory in a Transformer." arXiv preprint [arXiv:2210.07229][memit] (2022).
passage: TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #task_categories-fill-mask #task_categories-text2text-generation #language_creators-expert-generated #language_creators-machine-generated #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #language-French #language-Spanish #language-German #language-Ukrainian #language-Bulgarian #language-Catalan #language-Danish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Russian #language-Slovenian #language-Serbian #language-Swedish #language-Czech #license-apache-2.0 #natural-language-understanding #arxiv-2302.13971 #arxiv-2305.13675 #arxiv-2210.03329 #arxiv-2210.07229 #region-us 
# Dataset Card

- Homepage: URL
- Repository: URL
- Point of Contact: daniel_furman@URL## Dataset Summary

This is the dataset for Polyglot or Not?: Measuring Multilingual Encyclopedic Knowledge Retrieval from Foundation Language Models.