
# Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2

## Table of Contents

- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task](http://www.statmt.org/wmt20/quality-estimation-task.html)
- **Repository**: [Github repository](https://github.com/deep-spin/deep-spin.github.io/tree/master/docs/data/wmt2020_qe)
- **Paper:** *Not available*

### Dataset Summary

From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*

*Task 1 evaluates the application of QE for post-editing purposes. It consists of predicting:*
- ***Word-level tags.*** *This is done both on source side (to detect which words caused errors) and target side (to detect mistranslated or missing words).*
  - ***Target.*** *Each token is tagged as either `OK` or `BAD`. Additionally, each gap between two words is tagged as `BAD` if one or more missing words should have been there, and `OK` otherwise. Note that number of tags for each target sentence is 2*N+1, where N is the number of tokens in the sentence.*
  - ***Source.*** *Tokens are tagged as `OK` if they were correctly translated, and `BAD` otherwise. Gaps are not tagged.*
- ***Sentence-level HTER scores.*** *HTER (Human Translation Error Rate) is the ratio between the number of edits (insertions/deletions/replacements) needed and the reference translation length.*

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

From the homepage:

*For sentence-level QE, submissions are evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the sentence-level HTER prediction. For word-level QE, they will be evaluated in terms of MCC ([Matthews correlation coefficient](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthews_correlation_coefficient)). These are the [official evaluation scripts](https://github.com/sheffieldnlp/qe-eval-scripts).*

### Languages

There are two language pairs in this dataset:
- English - German (`en` - `de`)
- German - Chinese (`en` - `zh`)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

An example looks like this:
```
{
  'translation': {
    'en': 'favorite fish include cod , salmon , winter flounder , haddock , striped bass , pollock , hake , bluefish , and , in southern New England , Tautog .',
    'de': 'zu den Lieblingsfischen gehören Kabeljau , Lachs , Winterflounder , Schellfisch , gestreifter Bass , Pollock , Seehecht , Rotbarsch und in Südengland Tautog .',
  }
  'src_tags': [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
  'mt_tags': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
  'pe': 'zu den Lieblingsfischen zählen Kabeljau , Lachs , Winterflunder , Schellfisch , Wolfsbarsch , Pollock , Seehecht , Bluefish und im Süden Neuenglands Tautog .',
  'hter': 0.3199999928474426,
  'alignments': [[2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 2], [3, 4], [4, 5], [5, 6], [6, 5], [7, 6], [8, 6], [9, 7], [10, 8], [10, 10], [11, 9], [12, 12], [13, 13], [14, 11], [15, 12], [15, 15], [16, 14], [17, 17], [19, 16], [20, 16], [21, 20], [22, 18], [23, 19], [23, 21], [24, 22], [25, 21], [26, 22], [27, 22], [28, 23], [29, 24]],
}
```

### Data Fields

- `translation`: Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
  - src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
  - tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- `src_tags`: source word-level tags. `0`=`BAD`, `1`=`OK`. `[]` if N/A (only for test).
- `mt_tags`: target word-level tags. `0`=`BAD`, `1`=`OK`. `[]` if N/A (only for test).
- `pe`: post-edited version of NMT output. `""` if N/A (only for test).
- `hter`: human translation error rate. `-10_000` if N/A (only for test).
- `alignments`: Word aligments. List of pairs of integers.

### Data Splits

There are 2 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for (blind) test.

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

The original text is extracted from Wikipedia.

From the homepage:

*Word-level labels have been obtained by using the alignments provided by the [TER](http://www.cs.umd.edu/~snover/tercom/) tool (settings: tokenised, case insensitive, exact matching only, disabling shifts by using the `-d 0` option) between machine translations and their post-edited versions. Shifts (word order errors) were not annotated as such (but rather as deletions + insertions) to avoid introducing noise in the annotation.*

*HTER values are obtained deterministically from word-level tags. However, when computing HTER, we allow shifts in TER.*

*The baseline system is a neural predictor-estimator approach implemented in [OpenKiwi](https://github.com/Unbabel/OpenKiwi) ([Kepler at al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.08646)), where the predictor model will be trained on the parallel data used to train the NMT model.*

### Source Data

[More Information Needed]

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed]

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed]

### Annotations

[More Information Needed]

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed]

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed]

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed]

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed]

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed]

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed]

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed]

### Licensing Information

Unknown

### Citation Information

```
Not available.
```

### Contributions

Thanks to [@VictorSanh](https://github.com/VictorSanh) for adding this dataset.
task_categories:translation task_categories:text-classification annotations_creators:expert-generated annotations_creators:machine-generated language_creators:found multilinguality:translation size_categories:1K<n<10K source_datasets:extended|wikipedia language:de language:en language:zh license:unknown translation-quality-estimation arxiv:1902.08646 region:us
{"annotations_creators": ["expert-generated", "machine-generated"], "language_creators": ["found"], "language": ["de", "en", "zh"], "license": ["unknown"], "multilinguality": ["translation"], "size_categories": ["1K<n<10K"], "source_datasets": ["extended|wikipedia"], "task_categories": ["translation", "text-classification"], "task_ids": [], "pretty_name": "WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2", "config_names": ["en-de", "en-zh"], "tags": ["translation-quality-estimation"], "dataset_info": [{"config_name": "en-de", "features": [{"name": "translation", "dtype": {"translation": {"languages": ["en", "de"]}}}, {"name": "src_tags", "sequence": {"class_label": {"names": {"0": "BAD", "1": "OK"}}}}, {"name": "mt_tags", "sequence": {"class_label": {"names": {"0": "BAD", "1": "OK"}}}}, {"name": "pe", "dtype": "string"}, {"name": "hter", "dtype": "float32"}, {"name": "alignments", "sequence": {"sequence": "int32"}}], "splits": [{"name": "train", "num_bytes": 6463930, "num_examples": 7000}, {"name": "test", "num_bytes": 425582, "num_examples": 1000}, {"name": "validation", "num_bytes": 927616, "num_examples": 1000}], "download_size": 1377020, "dataset_size": 7817128}, {"config_name": "en-zh", "features": [{"name": "translation", "dtype": {"translation": {"languages": ["en", "zh"]}}}, {"name": "src_tags", "sequence": {"class_label": {"names": {"0": "BAD", "1": "OK"}}}}, {"name": "mt_tags", "sequence": {"class_label": {"names": {"0": "BAD", "1": "OK"}}}}, {"name": "pe", "dtype": "string"}, {"name": "hter", "dtype": "float32"}, {"name": "alignments", "sequence": {"sequence": "int32"}}], "splits": [{"name": "train", "num_bytes": 6786898, "num_examples": 7000}, {"name": "test", "num_bytes": 443740, "num_examples": 1000}, {"name": "validation", "num_bytes": 954710, "num_examples": 1000}], "download_size": 1564953, "dataset_size": 8185348}]}
TAGS
#task_categories-translation #task_categories-text-classification #annotations_creators-expert-generated #annotations_creators-machine-generated #language_creators-found #multilinguality-translation #size_categories-1K<n<10K #source_datasets-extended|wikipedia #language-German #language-English #language-Chinese #license-unknown #translation-quality-estimation #arxiv-1902.08646 #region-us 


# Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2

## Table of Contents

- Dataset Description
  - Dataset Summary
  - Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
  - Languages
- Dataset Structure
  - Data Instances
  - Data Fields
  - Data Splits
- Dataset Creation
  - Curation Rationale
  - Source Data
  - Annotations
  - Personal and Sensitive Information
- Considerations for Using the Data
  - Social Impact of Dataset
  - Discussion of Biases
  - Other Known Limitations
- Additional Information
  - Dataset Curators
  - Licensing Information
  - Citation Information
  - Contributions

## Dataset Description

- Homepage: WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task
- Repository: Github repository
- Paper: *Not available*

### Dataset Summary

From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*

*Task 1 evaluates the application of QE for post-editing purposes. It consists of predicting:*
- *Word-level tags.* *This is done both on source side (to detect which words caused errors) and target side (to detect mistranslated or missing words).*
  - *Target.* *Each token is tagged as either 'OK' or 'BAD'. Additionally, each gap between two words is tagged as 'BAD' if one or more missing words should have been there, and 'OK' otherwise. Note that number of tags for each target sentence is 2*N+1, where N is the number of tokens in the sentence.*
  - *Source.* *Tokens are tagged as 'OK' if they were correctly translated, and 'BAD' otherwise. Gaps are not tagged.*
- *Sentence-level HTER scores.* *HTER (Human Translation Error Rate) is the ratio between the number of edits (insertions/deletions/replacements) needed and the reference translation length.*

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

From the homepage:

*For sentence-level QE, submissions are evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the sentence-level HTER prediction. For word-level QE, they will be evaluated in terms of MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient). These are the official evaluation scripts.*

### Languages

There are two language pairs in this dataset:
- English - German ('en' - 'de')
- German - Chinese ('en' - 'zh')

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

An example looks like this:


### Data Fields

- 'translation': Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
  - src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
  - tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- 'src_tags': source word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'mt_tags': target word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'pe': post-edited version of NMT output. '""' if N/A (only for test).
- 'hter': human translation error rate. '-10_000' if N/A (only for test).
- 'alignments': Word aligments. List of pairs of integers.

### Data Splits

There are 2 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for (blind) test.

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

The original text is extracted from Wikipedia.

From the homepage:

*Word-level labels have been obtained by using the alignments provided by the TER tool (settings: tokenised, case insensitive, exact matching only, disabling shifts by using the '-d 0' option) between machine translations and their post-edited versions. Shifts (word order errors) were not annotated as such (but rather as deletions + insertions) to avoid introducing noise in the annotation.*

*HTER values are obtained deterministically from word-level tags. However, when computing HTER, we allow shifts in TER.*

*The baseline system is a neural predictor-estimator approach implemented in OpenKiwi (Kepler at al., 2019), where the predictor model will be trained on the parallel data used to train the NMT model.*

### Source Data



#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization



#### Who are the source language producers?



### Annotations



#### Annotation process



#### Who are the annotators?



### Personal and Sensitive Information



## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset



### Discussion of Biases



### Other Known Limitations



## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators



### Licensing Information

Unknown





### Contributions

Thanks to @VictorSanh for adding this dataset.
# Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2 ## Table of Contents

- Dataset Description
  - Dataset Summary
  - Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
  - Languages
- Dataset Structure
  - Data Instances
  - Data Fields
  - Data Splits
- Dataset Creation
  - Curation Rationale
  - Source Data
  - Annotations
  - Personal and Sensitive Information
- Considerations for Using the Data
  - Social Impact of Dataset
  - Discussion of Biases
  - Other Known Limitations
- Additional Information
  - Dataset Curators
  - Licensing Information
  - Citation Information
  - Contributions ## Dataset Description

- Homepage: WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task
- Repository: Github repository
- Paper: *Not available* ### Dataset Summary

From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*

*Task 1 evaluates the application of QE for post-editing purposes. It consists of predicting:*
- *Word-level tags.* *This is done both on source side (to detect which words caused errors) and target side (to detect mistranslated or missing words).*
  - *Target.* *Each token is tagged as either 'OK' or 'BAD'. Additionally, each gap between two words is tagged as 'BAD' if one or more missing words should have been there, and 'OK' otherwise. Note that number of tags for each target sentence is 2*N+1, where N is the number of tokens in the sentence.*
  - *Source.* *Tokens are tagged as 'OK' if they were correctly translated, and 'BAD' otherwise. Gaps are not tagged.*
- *Sentence-level HTER scores.* *HTER (Human Translation Error Rate) is the ratio between the number of edits (insertions/deletions/replacements) needed and the reference translation length.* ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

From the homepage:

*For sentence-level QE, submissions are evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the sentence-level HTER prediction. For word-level QE, they will be evaluated in terms of MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient). These are the official evaluation scripts.* ### Languages

There are two language pairs in this dataset:
- English - German ('en' - 'de')
- German - Chinese ('en' - 'zh') ## Dataset Structure ### Data Instances

An example looks like this: ### Data Fields

- 'translation': Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
  - src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
  - tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- 'src_tags': source word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'mt_tags': target word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'pe': post-edited version of NMT output. '""' if N/A (only for test).
- 'hter': human translation error rate. '-10_000' if N/A (only for test).
- 'alignments': Word aligments. List of pairs of integers. ### Data Splits

There are 2 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for (blind) test. ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale

The original text is extracted from Wikipedia.

From the homepage:

*Word-level labels have been obtained by using the alignments provided by the TER tool (settings: tokenised, case insensitive, exact matching only, disabling shifts by using the '-d 0' option) between machine translations and their post-edited versions. Shifts (word order errors) were not annotated as such (but rather as deletions + insertions) to avoid introducing noise in the annotation.*

*HTER values are obtained deterministically from word-level tags. However, when computing HTER, we allow shifts in TER.*

*The baseline system is a neural predictor-estimator approach implemented in OpenKiwi (Kepler at al., 2019), where the predictor model will be trained on the parallel data used to train the NMT model.* ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information

Unknown ### Contributions

Thanks to @VictorSanh for adding this dataset.
TAGS
#task_categories-translation #task_categories-text-classification #annotations_creators-expert-generated #annotations_creators-machine-generated #language_creators-found #multilinguality-translation #size_categories-1K<n<10K #source_datasets-extended|wikipedia #language-German #language-English #language-Chinese #license-unknown #translation-quality-estimation #arxiv-1902.08646 #region-us 
 # Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2 ## Table of Contents

- Dataset Description
  - Dataset Summary
  - Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
  - Languages
- Dataset Structure
  - Data Instances
  - Data Fields
  - Data Splits
- Dataset Creation
  - Curation Rationale
  - Source Data
  - Annotations
  - Personal and Sensitive Information
- Considerations for Using the Data
  - Social Impact of Dataset
  - Discussion of Biases
  - Other Known Limitations
- Additional Information
  - Dataset Curators
  - Licensing Information
  - Citation Information
  - Contributions ## Dataset Description

- Homepage: WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task
- Repository: Github repository
- Paper: *Not available* ### Dataset Summary

From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*

*Task 1 evaluates the application of QE for post-editing purposes. It consists of predicting:*
- *Word-level tags.* *This is done both on source side (to detect which words caused errors) and target side (to detect mistranslated or missing words).*
  - *Target.* *Each token is tagged as either 'OK' or 'BAD'. Additionally, each gap between two words is tagged as 'BAD' if one or more missing words should have been there, and 'OK' otherwise. Note that number of tags for each target sentence is 2*N+1, where N is the number of tokens in the sentence.*
  - *Source.* *Tokens are tagged as 'OK' if they were correctly translated, and 'BAD' otherwise. Gaps are not tagged.*
- *Sentence-level HTER scores.* *HTER (Human Translation Error Rate) is the ratio between the number of edits (insertions/deletions/replacements) needed and the reference translation length.* ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

From the homepage:

*For sentence-level QE, submissions are evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the sentence-level HTER prediction. For word-level QE, they will be evaluated in terms of MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient). These are the official evaluation scripts.* ### Languages

There are two language pairs in this dataset:
- English - German ('en' - 'de')
- German - Chinese ('en' - 'zh') ## Dataset Structure ### Data Instances

An example looks like this: ### Data Fields

- 'translation': Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
  - src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
  - tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- 'src_tags': source word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'mt_tags': target word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'pe': post-edited version of NMT output. '""' if N/A (only for test).
- 'hter': human translation error rate. '-10_000' if N/A (only for test).
- 'alignments': Word aligments. List of pairs of integers. ### Data Splits

There are 2 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for (blind) test. ## Dataset Creation ### Curation Rationale

The original text is extracted from Wikipedia.

From the homepage:

*Word-level labels have been obtained by using the alignments provided by the TER tool (settings: tokenised, case insensitive, exact matching only, disabling shifts by using the '-d 0' option) between machine translations and their post-edited versions. Shifts (word order errors) were not annotated as such (but rather as deletions + insertions) to avoid introducing noise in the annotation.*

*HTER values are obtained deterministically from word-level tags. However, when computing HTER, we allow shifts in TER.*

*The baseline system is a neural predictor-estimator approach implemented in OpenKiwi (Kepler at al., 2019), where the predictor model will be trained on the parallel data used to train the NMT model.* ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information ## Considerations for Using the Data ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations ## Additional Information ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information

Unknown ### Contributions

Thanks to @VictorSanh for adding this dataset.
passage: TAGS
#task_categories-translation #task_categories-text-classification #annotations_creators-expert-generated #annotations_creators-machine-generated #language_creators-found #multilinguality-translation #size_categories-1K<n<10K #source_datasets-extended|wikipedia #language-German #language-English #language-Chinese #license-unknown #translation-quality-estimation #arxiv-1902.08646 #region-us 
# Dataset Card for WMT20 - MultiLingual Quality Estimation (MLQE) Task2## Table of Contents

- Dataset Description
  - Dataset Summary
  - Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
  - Languages
- Dataset Structure
  - Data Instances
  - Data Fields
  - Data Splits
- Dataset Creation
  - Curation Rationale
  - Source Data
  - Annotations
  - Personal and Sensitive Information
- Considerations for Using the Data
  - Social Impact of Dataset
  - Discussion of Biases
  - Other Known Limitations
- Additional Information
  - Dataset Curators
  - Licensing Information
  - Citation Information
  - Contributions## Dataset Description

- Homepage: WMT20 Quality Estimation Shared Task
- Repository: Github repository
- Paper: *Not available* passage: ### Dataset Summary

From the homepage:
*This shared task (part of WMT20) will build on its previous editions to further examine automatic methods for estimating the quality of neural machine translation output at run-time, without relying on reference translations. As in previous years, we cover estimation at various levels. Important elements introduced this year include: a new task where sentences are annotated with Direct Assessment (DA) scores instead of labels based on post-editing; a new multilingual sentence-level dataset mainly from Wikipedia articles, where the source articles can be retrieved for document-wide context; the availability of NMT models to explore system-internal information for the task.*

*Task 1 evaluates the application of QE for post-editing purposes. It consists of predicting:*
- *Word-level tags.* *This is done both on source side (to detect which words caused errors) and target side (to detect mistranslated or missing words).*
  - *Target.* *Each token is tagged as either 'OK' or 'BAD'. Additionally, each gap between two words is tagged as 'BAD' if one or more missing words should have been there, and 'OK' otherwise. Note that number of tags for each target sentence is 2*N+1, where N is the number of tokens in the sentence.*
  - *Source.* *Tokens are tagged as 'OK' if they were correctly translated, and 'BAD' otherwise. Gaps are not tagged.*
- *Sentence-level HTER scores.* *HTER (Human Translation Error Rate) is the ratio between the number of edits (insertions/deletions/replacements) needed and the reference translation length.*### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

From the homepage:

*For sentence-level QE, submissions are evaluated in terms of the Pearson's correlation metric for the sentence-level HTER prediction. For word-level QE, they will be evaluated in terms of MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient). These are the official evaluation scripts.*### Languages

There are two language pairs in this dataset:
- English - German ('en' - 'de')
- German - Chinese ('en' - 'zh')## Dataset Structure### Data Instances

An example looks like this:### Data Fields

- 'translation': Dictionary with pairs (source,target).
  - src_lg: sequence of text in source language.
  - tgt_lg: sequence of text in target language.
- 'src_tags': source word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'mt_tags': target word-level tags. '0'='BAD', '1'='OK'. '[]' if N/A (only for test).
- 'pe': post-edited version of NMT output. '""' if N/A (only for test).
- 'hter': human translation error rate. '-10_000' if N/A (only for test).
- 'alignments': Word aligments. List of pairs of integers.### Data Splits

There are 2 configurations in this dataset (one for each available language pair). Each configuration is composed of 7K examples for training, 1K for validation and 1K for (blind) test.## Dataset Creation