
# Dataset Card for LEXTREME: A Multilingual Legal Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding

## Table of Contents

- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
    - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
    - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
    - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
    - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
    - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
    - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
    - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
    - [Source Data](#source-data)
    - [Annotations](#annotations)
    - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
    - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
    - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
    - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
    - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
    - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
    - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
    - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** 
- **Paper:** 
- **Leaderboard:**
- **Point of Contact:** [Joel Niklaus](mailto:joel.niklaus.2@bfh.ch)

### Dataset Summary

The dataset consists of 11 diverse multilingual legal NLU datasets. 6 datasets have one single configuration and 5 datasets have two or three configurations. This leads to a total of 18 tasks (8 single-label text classification tasks, 5 multi-label text classification tasks and 5 token-classification tasks).

Use the dataset like this:
```python
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("joelito/lextreme", "swiss_judgment_prediction")
```

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

The dataset supports the tasks of text classification and token classification.
In detail, we support the folliwing tasks and configurations:


| task                       |                 task type |                  configurations  |                                                                                                   link |
|:---------------------------|--------------------------:|---------------------------------:|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|
| Brazilian Court Decisions  |       Judgment Prediction |           (judgment, unanimity)  | [joelito/brazilian_court_decisions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/brazilian_court_decisions) |
| Swiss Judgment Prediction  |       Judgment Prediction |                         default  |         [joelito/swiss_judgment_prediction](https://huggingface.co/datasets/swiss_judgment_prediction) |
| German Argument Mining     |           Argument Mining |                         default  |       [joelito/german_argument_mining](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/german_argument_mining) |
| Greek Legal Code           |      Topic Classification |      (volume, chapter, subject)  |                                   [greek_legal_code](https://huggingface.co/datasets/greek_legal_code) |
| Online Terms of Service    | Unfairness Classification | (unfairness level, clause topic) |             [online_terms_of_service](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/online_terms_of_service) |
| Covid 19 Emergency Event   |      Event Classification |                         default  |             [covid19_emergency_event](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/covid19_emergency_event) |
| MultiEURLEX                |      Topic Classification |     (level 1, level 2, level 3)  |                                           [multi_eurlex](https://huggingface.co/datasets/multi_eurlex) |
| LeNER BR                   |  Named Entity Recognition |                         default  |                                                   [lener_br](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lener_br) |
| LegalNERo                  |  Named Entity Recognition |                         default  |                                         [legalnero](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/legalnero) |
| Greek Legal NER            |  Named Entity Recognition |                         default  |                             [greek_legal_ner](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/greek_legal_ner) |
| MAPA                       |  Named Entity Recognition |                  (coarse, fine)  |                                                   [mapa](https://huggingface.co/datasets/joelito/mapa) |


### Languages

The following languages are supported: bg , cs , da, de, el, en, es, et, fi, fr, ga, hr, hu, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sk, sl, sv

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

The file format is jsonl and three data splits are present for each configuration (train, validation and test). 

### Data Fields

[More Information Needed]

### Data Splits

[More Information Needed]

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed]

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed]

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed]


### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed]

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed]

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed]

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed]

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed]

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed]

## Additional Information

How can I contribute a dataset to lextreme?
Please follow the following steps:
1. Make sure your dataset is available on the huggingface hub and has a train, validation and test split.
2. Create a pull request to the lextreme repository by adding the following to the lextreme.py file:
   - Create a dict _{YOUR_DATASET_NAME} (similar to _BRAZILIAN_COURT_DECISIONS_JUDGMENT) containing all the necessary information about your dataset (task_type, input_col, label_col, etc.)
   - Add your dataset to the BUILDER_CONFIGS list: `LextremeConfig(name="{your_dataset_name}", **_{YOUR_DATASET_NAME})`
   - Test that it works correctly by loading your subset with `load_dataset("lextreme", "{your_dataset_name}")` and inspecting a few examples.

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed]

### Licensing Information

[More Information Needed]

### Citation Information

```
@misc{niklaus2023lextreme,
    title={LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain},
    author={Joel Niklaus and Veton Matoshi and Pooja Rani and Andrea Galassi and Matthias Stürmer and Ilias Chalkidis},
    year={2023},
    eprint={2301.13126},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

### Contributions

Thanks to [@JoelNiklaus](https://github.com/joelniklaus) for adding this dataset.

task_categories:text-classification task_categories:token-classification task_ids:multi-class-classification task_ids:multi-label-classification task_ids:topic-classification task_ids:named-entity-recognition annotations_creators:other language_creators:found multilinguality:multilingual size_categories:10K<n<100K source_datasets:extended language:bg language:cs language:da language:de language:el language:en language:es language:et language:fi language:fr language:ga language:hr language:hu language:it language:lt language:lv language:mt language:nl language:pl language:pt language:ro language:sk language:sl language:sv license:cc-by-4.0 arxiv:2301.13126 region:us
{"annotations_creators": ["other"], "language_creators": ["found"], "language": ["bg", "cs", "da", "de", "el", "en", "es", "et", "fi", "fr", "ga", "hr", "hu", "it", "lt", "lv", "mt", "nl", "pl", "pt", "ro", "sk", "sl", "sv"], "license": ["cc-by-4.0"], "multilinguality": ["multilingual"], "size_categories": ["10K<n<100K"], "source_datasets": ["extended"], "task_categories": ["text-classification", "token-classification"], "task_ids": ["multi-class-classification", "multi-label-classification", "topic-classification", "named-entity-recognition"], "pretty_name": "LEXTREME: A Multilingual Legal Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding"}
TAGS
#task_categories-text-classification #task_categories-token-classification #task_ids-multi-class-classification #task_ids-multi-label-classification #task_ids-topic-classification #task_ids-named-entity-recognition #annotations_creators-other #language_creators-found #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-10K<n<100K #source_datasets-extended #language-Bulgarian #language-Czech #language-Danish #language-German #language-Modern Greek (1453-) #language-English #language-Spanish #language-Estonian #language-Finnish #language-French #language-Irish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Lithuanian #language-Latvian #language-Maltese #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Slovak #language-Slovenian #language-Swedish #license-cc-by-4.0 #arxiv-2301.13126 #region-us 

Dataset Card for LEXTREME: A Multilingual Legal Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding
============================================================================================


Table of Contents
-----------------


* Table of Contents
* Dataset Description
	+ Dataset Summary
	+ Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
	+ Languages
* Dataset Structure
	+ Data Instances
	+ Data Fields
	+ Data Splits
* Dataset Creation
	+ Curation Rationale
	+ Source Data
	+ Annotations
	+ Personal and Sensitive Information
* Considerations for Using the Data
	+ Social Impact of Dataset
	+ Discussion of Biases
	+ Other Known Limitations
* Additional Information
	+ Dataset Curators
	+ Licensing Information
	+ Citation Information
	+ Contributions


Dataset Description
-------------------


* Homepage:
* Repository:
* Paper:
* Leaderboard:
* Point of Contact: Joel Niklaus


### Dataset Summary


The dataset consists of 11 diverse multilingual legal NLU datasets. 6 datasets have one single configuration and 5 datasets have two or three configurations. This leads to a total of 18 tasks (8 single-label text classification tasks, 5 multi-label text classification tasks and 5 token-classification tasks).


Use the dataset like this:


### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards


The dataset supports the tasks of text classification and token classification.
In detail, we support the folliwing tasks and configurations:



### Languages


The following languages are supported: bg , cs , da, de, el, en, es, et, fi, fr, ga, hr, hu, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sk, sl, sv


Dataset Structure
-----------------


### Data Instances


The file format is jsonl and three data splits are present for each configuration (train, validation and test).


### Data Fields


### Data Splits


Dataset Creation
----------------


### Curation Rationale


### Source Data


#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization


#### Who are the source language producers?


### Annotations


#### Annotation process


#### Who are the annotators?


### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
---------------------------------


### Social Impact of Dataset


### Discussion of Biases


### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
----------------------


How can I contribute a dataset to lextreme?
Please follow the following steps:


1. Make sure your dataset is available on the huggingface hub and has a train, validation and test split.
2. Create a pull request to the lextreme repository by adding the following to the URL file:
	* Create a dict \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME} (similar to \_BRAZILIAN\_COURT\_DECISIONS\_JUDGMENT) containing all the necessary information about your dataset (task\_type, input\_col, label\_col, etc.)
	* Add your dataset to the BUILDER\_CONFIGS list: 'LextremeConfig(name="{your\_dataset\_name}", \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME})'
	* Test that it works correctly by loading your subset with 'load\_dataset("lextreme", "{your\_dataset\_name}")' and inspecting a few examples.


### Dataset Curators


### Licensing Information


### Contributions


Thanks to @JoelNiklaus for adding this dataset.



### Dataset Summary


The dataset consists of 11 diverse multilingual legal NLU datasets. 6 datasets have one single configuration and 5 datasets have two or three configurations. This leads to a total of 18 tasks (8 single-label text classification tasks, 5 multi-label text classification tasks and 5 token-classification tasks).


Use the dataset like this: ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards


The dataset supports the tasks of text classification and token classification.
In detail, we support the folliwing tasks and configurations: ### Languages


The following languages are supported: bg , cs , da, de, el, en, es, et, fi, fr, ga, hr, hu, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sk, sl, sv


Dataset Structure
----------------- ### Data Instances


The file format is jsonl and three data splits are present for each configuration (train, validation and test). ### Data Fields ### Data Splits


Dataset Creation
---------------- ### Curation Rationale ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
--------------------------------- ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
----------------------


How can I contribute a dataset to lextreme?
Please follow the following steps:


1. Make sure your dataset is available on the huggingface hub and has a train, validation and test split.
2. Create a pull request to the lextreme repository by adding the following to the URL file:
	* Create a dict \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME} (similar to \_BRAZILIAN\_COURT\_DECISIONS\_JUDGMENT) containing all the necessary information about your dataset (task\_type, input\_col, label\_col, etc.)
	* Add your dataset to the BUILDER\_CONFIGS list: 'LextremeConfig(name="{your\_dataset\_name}", \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME})'
	* Test that it works correctly by loading your subset with 'load\_dataset("lextreme", "{your\_dataset\_name}")' and inspecting a few examples. ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information ### Contributions


Thanks to @JoelNiklaus for adding this dataset.
TAGS
#task_categories-text-classification #task_categories-token-classification #task_ids-multi-class-classification #task_ids-multi-label-classification #task_ids-topic-classification #task_ids-named-entity-recognition #annotations_creators-other #language_creators-found #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-10K<n<100K #source_datasets-extended #language-Bulgarian #language-Czech #language-Danish #language-German #language-Modern Greek (1453-) #language-English #language-Spanish #language-Estonian #language-Finnish #language-French #language-Irish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Lithuanian #language-Latvian #language-Maltese #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Slovak #language-Slovenian #language-Swedish #license-cc-by-4.0 #arxiv-2301.13126 #region-us 
 ### Dataset Summary


The dataset consists of 11 diverse multilingual legal NLU datasets. 6 datasets have one single configuration and 5 datasets have two or three configurations. This leads to a total of 18 tasks (8 single-label text classification tasks, 5 multi-label text classification tasks and 5 token-classification tasks).


Use the dataset like this: ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards


The dataset supports the tasks of text classification and token classification.
In detail, we support the folliwing tasks and configurations: ### Languages


The following languages are supported: bg , cs , da, de, el, en, es, et, fi, fr, ga, hr, hu, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sk, sl, sv


Dataset Structure
----------------- ### Data Instances


The file format is jsonl and three data splits are present for each configuration (train, validation and test). ### Data Fields ### Data Splits


Dataset Creation
---------------- ### Curation Rationale ### Source Data #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization #### Who are the source language producers? ### Annotations #### Annotation process #### Who are the annotators? ### Personal and Sensitive Information


Considerations for Using the Data
--------------------------------- ### Social Impact of Dataset ### Discussion of Biases ### Other Known Limitations


Additional Information
----------------------


How can I contribute a dataset to lextreme?
Please follow the following steps:


1. Make sure your dataset is available on the huggingface hub and has a train, validation and test split.
2. Create a pull request to the lextreme repository by adding the following to the URL file:
	* Create a dict \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME} (similar to \_BRAZILIAN\_COURT\_DECISIONS\_JUDGMENT) containing all the necessary information about your dataset (task\_type, input\_col, label\_col, etc.)
	* Add your dataset to the BUILDER\_CONFIGS list: 'LextremeConfig(name="{your\_dataset\_name}", \_{YOUR\_DATASET\_NAME})'
	* Test that it works correctly by loading your subset with 'load\_dataset("lextreme", "{your\_dataset\_name}")' and inspecting a few examples. ### Dataset Curators ### Licensing Information ### Contributions


Thanks to @JoelNiklaus for adding this dataset.
passage: TAGS
#task_categories-text-classification #task_categories-token-classification #task_ids-multi-class-classification #task_ids-multi-label-classification #task_ids-topic-classification #task_ids-named-entity-recognition #annotations_creators-other #language_creators-found #multilinguality-multilingual #size_categories-10K<n<100K #source_datasets-extended #language-Bulgarian #language-Czech #language-Danish #language-German #language-Modern Greek (1453-) #language-English #language-Spanish #language-Estonian #language-Finnish #language-French #language-Irish #language-Croatian #language-Hungarian #language-Italian #language-Lithuanian #language-Latvian #language-Maltese #language-Dutch #language-Polish #language-Portuguese #language-Romanian #language-Slovak #language-Slovenian #language-Swedish #license-cc-by-4.0 #arxiv-2301.13126 #region-us 
### Dataset Summary


The dataset consists of 11 diverse multilingual legal NLU datasets. 6 datasets have one single configuration and 5 datasets have two or three configurations. This leads to a total of 18 tasks (8 single-label text classification tasks, 5 multi-label text classification tasks and 5 token-classification tasks).


Use the dataset like this:### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards


The dataset supports the tasks of text classification and token classification.
In detail, we support the folliwing tasks and configurations:### Languages


The following languages are supported: bg , cs , da, de, el, en, es, et, fi, fr, ga, hr, hu, it, lt, lv, mt, nl, pl, pt, ro, sk, sl, sv


Dataset Structure
-----------------