
# KPTimes Benchmark Dataset for Keyphrase Generation

## About

KPTimes is a dataset for benchmarking keyphrase extraction and generation models.
The dataset is composed of 290K news articles in English collected from the [New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/) and the [Japan
Times](https://www.japantimes.co.jp/).
Keyphrases were annotated by editors in a semi-automated manner (that is, editors revise a set of keyphrases proposed by an algorithm and provide additional keyphrases).
Details about the dataset can be found in the original paper [(Gallina et al., 2019)][gallina-2019].

Reference (indexer-assigned) keyphrases are also categorized under the PRMU (<u>P</u>resent-<u>R</u>eordered-<u>M</u>ixed-<u>U</u>nseen) scheme as proposed in [(Boudin and Gallina, 2021)][boudin-2021].

Text pre-processing (tokenization) is carried out using `spacy` (`en_core_web_sm` model) with a special rule to avoid splitting words with hyphens (e.g. graph-based is kept as one token).
Stemming (Porter's stemmer implementation provided in `nltk`) is applied before reference keyphrases are matched against the source text.
Details about the process can be found in `prmu.py`. <u>P</u>resent keyphrases are ordered according to their first occurrence position in the text.

## Content and statistics

The dataset contains the following test split:

| Split      | # documents | #words | # keyphrases | % Present | % Reordered | % Mixed | % Unseen |
| :--------- | ----------: | -----: | -----------: | --------: | ----------: | ------: | -------: |
| Train      | 259,923     | 921  | 5.03         | 45.61     | 15.57        | 29.63    | 9.19     |
| Validation | 10,000      | 921  | 5.02         | 45.22    | 15.78        | 29.60    | 9.41     |
| Test       | 20,000      | 648  | 5.03        | 60.64    | 8.90       | 18.95    | 11.51     |

The following data fields are available :

- **id**: unique identifier of the document.
- **title**: title of the document.
- **abstract**: abstract of the document.
- **keyphrases**: list of reference keyphrases.
- **prmu**: list of <u>P</u>resent-<u>R</u>eordered-<u>M</u>ixed-<u>U</u>nseen categories for reference keyphrases.
- **date**: publishing date (YYYY/MM/DD)
- **categories**: categories of the article (1 or 2 categories)

## References

- (Gallina et al., 2019) Ygor Gallina, Florian Boudin, and Beatrice Daille. 2019.
  [KPTimes: A Large-Scale Dataset for Keyphrase Generation on News Documents][gallina-2019].
  In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, pages 130–135, Tokyo, Japan. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- (Boudin and Gallina, 2021) Florian Boudin and Ygor Gallina. 2021.
  [Redefining Absent Keyphrases and their Effect on Retrieval Effectiveness][boudin-2021]. 
  In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 4185–4193, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.

[gallina-2019]: https://aclanthology.org/W19-8617/
[boudin-2021]: https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.330/
task_categories:text-generation annotations_creators:unknown language_creators:unknown multilinguality:monolingual size_categories:100K<n<1M language:en license:cc-by-4.0 region:us
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TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #annotations_creators-unknown #language_creators-unknown #multilinguality-monolingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #license-cc-by-4.0 #region-us 

KPTimes Benchmark Dataset for Keyphrase Generation
==================================================


About
-----


KPTimes is a dataset for benchmarking keyphrase extraction and generation models.
The dataset is composed of 290K news articles in English collected from the New York Times and the Japan
Times.
Keyphrases were annotated by editors in a semi-automated manner (that is, editors revise a set of keyphrases proposed by an algorithm and provide additional keyphrases).
Details about the dataset can be found in the original paper [(Gallina et al., 2019)](URL).


Reference (indexer-assigned) keyphrases are also categorized under the PRMU (Present-Reordered-Mixed-Unseen) scheme as proposed in [(Boudin and Gallina, 2021)](URL).


Text pre-processing (tokenization) is carried out using 'spacy' ('en\_core\_web\_sm' model) with a special rule to avoid splitting words with hyphens (e.g. graph-based is kept as one token).
Stemming (Porter's stemmer implementation provided in 'nltk') is applied before reference keyphrases are matched against the source text.
Details about the process can be found in 'URL'. Present keyphrases are ordered according to their first occurrence position in the text.


Content and statistics
----------------------


The dataset contains the following test split:



The following data fields are available :


* id: unique identifier of the document.
* title: title of the document.
* abstract: abstract of the document.
* keyphrases: list of reference keyphrases.
* prmu: list of Present-Reordered-Mixed-Unseen categories for reference keyphrases.
* date: publishing date (YYYY/MM/DD)
* categories: categories of the article (1 or 2 categories)


References
----------


* (Gallina et al., 2019) Ygor Gallina, Florian Boudin, and Beatrice Daille. 2019.
[KPTimes: A Large-Scale Dataset for Keyphrase Generation on News Documents](URL).
In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, pages 130–135, Tokyo, Japan. Association for Computational Linguistics.
* (Boudin and Gallina, 2021) Florian Boudin and Ygor Gallina. 2021.
[Redefining Absent Keyphrases and their Effect on Retrieval Effectiveness](URL).
In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 4185–4193, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.



TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #annotations_creators-unknown #language_creators-unknown #multilinguality-monolingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #license-cc-by-4.0 #region-us 

passage: TAGS
#task_categories-text-generation #annotations_creators-unknown #language_creators-unknown #multilinguality-monolingual #size_categories-100K<n<1M #language-English #license-cc-by-4.0 #region-us 
