ssZh-Z-iIw �mkv 2
Hs�m-�msb�nsb�ns�m�
s��pw s]mcp-sfm-Sp-�n-bm�
n�nSpw Zr�p-t]m-ep�w
\n�n-ekv]-�-am-I-Ww.
Hm-tcm-�mbn F�nbpw Af�pw Adn-bm-hp-�-Xmb s]mcp-fpI-sf�mw Ah-km-\n-�mepw AXn-s\-sbms� Adn-�p-sImWvS-�n-cn-�p-�-Xm-bn, Adn-bp-�h� AYhm Zr�v Ah-ti-jn-�pw. A�s\ F�nbpw Af�pw Adn-bm-hp� {]]�w F�ns\bmtWm Adn-bp-�-h-\n� AS�n\n¡p-�-Xv, AXp-t]mseXs�, AXns� XpS��-sb-�-h-�w, Fs� D�w
A-dn-bp-�-h-\mWv Rm� F� `mhw) \n�n� Aa��v kz�-amb kv]�\-an-�m-�Xm-bn-�o-cp� A\p-`hw D�WvSm-I-s�).
ssZh-�ns� bYm�� kzcq]w Adn-hm-Ip-�p. B Adn-hn� _mly-{]-]-�hpw B {]]-�s� Adn-bp� Rm\pw Hs� D�-S�n \n¡p� Hcp Z�i-\-amWv Kpcp Ah-X-cn-�n-�ncn�p-�Xv. F�mw \n�n� AS�n \n¡p� AYhm \n�n�\n�v A\y-a-�m-�-Xmbn ImWp� A\p-`-h-apWvS-�m-I-W-sa-�mWv Cu t�mI-�nse {]m��-\.
D]-\n-j-�p-�-fn� {]]-�-hn-Nmcw sNbvXv B�m-hns\ {]m]n-�p� c�p am��-�� \�In-bn-�pWvS-�v. c�nepw sXms�-�m-hp� s]mcp-fp-Isf Hs�m-�mbn ]cn-tim-[n-�p-�p. H�v, k{]-]-�-K-W-\. Pohn-X-�n� A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip� Hmtcm-�n-t\bpw ]cn-tim-[n�v AXns� kXy-amb s]mcp� B�mhv Xs�-bm-sW�v Is�WvS�n AXm-bn-�o-cp� coXnbmWv k{]-]-�-K-W-\.
c�v, \njv{]-]-�-K-W-\. C{�n-b-��sIm�WvS-dn-bm-hp� _mly-h-kvXp-�sf Hs�m-�mbn ]cn-tim-[n�v �CXÒ, �CXÒ (t\-Xn, t\Xn) F�p \ncm-I-cn�p sN�m� A�-c-amb B�mhv am{Xw kXy-am-sW�v Adn-�v Zr�v Akv]-�-am-bn-�o-cp-�p.
C{]-Imcw Zriy-�n�\n�pw Zr�n-te�v hnNmcw sNbvXv B�-em`w t\Sp-�-Xns\ {io i�-c� �ZrIv-�-Zriy hnthIw� F�p hnfn-�n-cn-�p-�p.
A�-h-kv{XmZn ap�msX
X�p c�n�p R�sf
y-cm-�p� \osbm-�p�
Xs� R�ġp X�p-cm�.
B-lmcw, hkv{Xw apX-embh Hcn-�epw ap�n-t�m-ImsX X�p R�sf k�p-jvS-cm-�p� ssZh-ta, \ob-�msX R�ġv thsdmcp \mY-\p-an-�.)
a\p-jy\v Hgn�pIqSm� ]�m� c�v aqey-�-fmWv Pohn-X-�nep�-Xv. H�v, Ahs� B�m-hns� k��-X{�kzX-{�-amb kzcq-]s� A\p-`-hn-�m-\p� Ah-kcw e`n-�p-I. as�m-�v, ico-c-k-�m-c-W-�n-\p� hyh� D�WvSm-bn-cn-�p-I. CXn� H�ns\ Dt]-�n�v as�m-�ns\ kzoIn-cn-�p-hm� \nhr-�n-bn-�. F{X henb �m\n-bm-bmepw A�hkv{Xm-Zn-I� ap�n-t�m-bm� F�m B\-�hpw \ne-�p-t]m-Ipw.
{]mW-\n-�msX A�hpw A�-an-�msX {]mW\pw \nc��-I-am-bn-cn-�p-sa�v {_l-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-�n� ]d-�n-cn-�p-�p. �A�-�n� \n�v {]mWn-I� D�WvSm-Ip-�p. A�wsImWvS�v {]mWn-I� hf-cp-�p. A�w {]mWn-I-fpsS Blm-chpw {]mWn-Isf Bl-cn-�p-�-Xp-am-I-bm� A�w F�p hnfn-�-s�-Sp�p� F�p ssX�n-cn-tbm-]-\n-j-�n� ]d-bp-�p.
A�----�-hkv{Xm-Zn-I� DXv]m-Zn-�n-�p� I�j-I-tcbpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-tfbpw thW-sa-�n� ssZh-ambn Icp-Xmw, a\p-jy� krjvSn� Hcp kmaq-ly-hy-h-�-bpsS am\w h�p-sImWvS-�v. ka-jvSn-bpsS am\w h�p-sIm�WvSv t\m�n-bm� hn`-h-�� DXv]m-Zn-�n-�m-\p� Ignhv `qan�pw AXn\p th�WvS H�miI� \�Iphm\p� hnthIw a\p-jy\pw \�In-bn-cn-�p-�Xv BsI-bp� Hcp hyh-�-bpsS `mK-sa� \ne-bn-em-Wv.
F�m a-X�cptSbpw {]m��-\bn� A�-�n\pth�nbp� A��-\bpWvS-�v. Cu {]m��-\bn� Kpcp A�---ZmXmhns\]�nbp� kva-c-W sIm-� kvXpXn sNbvXn-cn-�p�p
F� hyXymkapWvS�v
t�mIw 4
Bgnbpw Xncbpw Im�pw
Bghpw t]mse R�fpw
ambbpw \n� aln-abpw
\obp-sa-�p-�n-em-I-Ww.
(B-gnbpw Xncbpw Im�pw Bghpw t]mse-bmWv IS-en\p kam-\-amb R�fpw, Xncbv�p Xpey-amb ambbpw, Im�n\p Xpey-amb ssZh-a-ln-a-bpw. IS-ens� Bg-s�-t�mse A{]-ta-b-amb ssZhhpw F�v R�ġv t_m[y-am-I-Ww. AXp-sIm-WvS�p-WvS�m-Ip� AssZz-X-_p-�n-bm� R�� A\p-{K-lo-X-cm-I-Ww).
Bgnbpw Xncbpw X�n-ep� _�w thZm-�-Nn-�bv�v G�hpw ]�nb D]-a-bm-Wv. ChnsS hy�n-`m-hhpw {]]-�hpw Htc XXz-�n� Ie��p \n¡p-�Xv ImWn-�p-hm� Xncbpw Bgnbpw Bghpw NqWvS�n-�m-Wn-�-s�-Sp-�p. Xnc hy�n`mhhpw Bgn {]]�hpam-Wv. k�� `qX-�-tfbpw X�n�\n�v A\y-a-�msX ImWp� Adn-hm-Wt�m R�� F� Bi-bs� D�WvSm-�p-�-Xv. AXv Bgn-sb-t�mse Xs� ka-jvSn-bp-am-Wv. ambm-I-ev]n-X-amb t`Z-_p-�n-bm� �Rm��, �Rm�� F�p sht�-sd-bmbn hyh-l-cn-�p-hm� t{]cn-�n-�p� Adnhv Xnc-sb-t�mse hy�n-`m-h-am-Wv. hy�n-`m-h-�nepw {]]-�-�nepw Hcp-t]mse Ie��n-cn-�p� Hcp kXy-apWvS-�v. Bgw F�ns\ Xnc-bnepw Bgn-bnepw Hcp-t]mse AS-�n-bn-cn-�p-�p-thm, AXp-t]mse k�ƴ-cym-an-bmb Hcp kq�-va-X-�z-am-bn-�p-thWw ssZhs� a\-�n-em-�p-hm�.
PmXn-bp-sWvS��v hniz-kn-�-cpXv
� {io \mcm-b-W-Kpcp
ta�Pm-Xn-sb�pw IogvPm-Xnsb�pap� hbv]v kzm��-]-c-�m� D�m-�nb shdpw sI�p-I-Y-bm-Ip-�p. AXns\ Hcn-�epw k�-Xn-�-cp-Xv. a\-�p-sImt�WvSm hm�p-sImtWvS�m {]h��n-sImtWvS�m AXns\ A\p-k-cn-�-\p-h��n-�-cp-Xv. Imc-Ww, 1. C�m-�-Xns\ DsWvS��p hnNm-cn-�p-�Xv auUy-am-Wv. 2.ta�Pm-Xn-bp-s�WvS-�p� hnizmkw B�m-hns� kz�-Xsb XS�v A`n-hr-�nsb \in-�n�v PohnXw Ir]-Whpw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-hp-am-�n-�o��p-�p. IogvPm-Xn-bp-s�WvS-�p� hnizmkw a\-�n� Uw`pw Zpc-`n-am-\hpw h��n-�n�v Pnhn-Xs� ss]im-Nn-I-am�n Zpjn-�n-�p-�p.
k�m : tUm. Sn. `mkvI-c�