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confidence men preferred to fight with their tongues , but when they were put to it , they could be very dangerous , violently so . |
she 's not dead . |
they knew i was n't the biggest fan of tattoos . |
she looked at him with keen suspicion . |
`` did you really hate me ? '' |
still , i 'm not altogether unprepared for what 's happened to me . |
he looked great . |
* * * adolin pulled off his helm as he strode across the plateau . |
`` his name is all i know . '' |
she 's giving a speech , so she has to be early . '' |
welcome to my world . |
it was a grade-school comeback , but i could n't think of anything else to say . |
sports . |
`` any leads ? '' |
`` what am i supposed to do ? |
marian is doing the best she can . |
`` wait a minute ... you 're really not lying . |
`` that explains his attitude when i talked to him . |
still dazed and partially deafened from the sonic assault , gray turned away , leaving wright bleeding on the cavern floor-but not before he watched several of those carnivorous slugs leap across the rock and strike the man 's chest and belly . |
'you 'll have to turn around . ' |
things are n't better . |
the larger servant rasped . |
i had to shove and rearrange the purse a couple times to be able to close the drawer all the way . |
A team of English cricketers under 25 years of age, organised by Marylebone Cricket Club, toured Pakistan from early January to late February 1967 and played three four-day matches against a Pakistan under-25 team and four other first-class matches.
The team
As England were not playing a Test series in 1966-67, the MCC were able to select a strong team. The touring team, with ages on 1 January 1967, was:
Mike Brearley (captain) (24)
David Brown (vice-captain) (24)
Neal Abberley (22)
Dennis Amiss (23)
Geoff Arnold (22)
Mike Bissex (22)
Mike Buss (22)
Keith Fletcher (22)
Robin Hobbs (24)
Richard Hutton (24)
Alan Knott (20)
Alan Ormrod (24)
Pat Pocock (20)
Derek Underwood (21)
Tony Windows (24)
Buss was not in the original team. He replaced Abberley, who suffered a broken finger from a high full toss in the second match. The manager was the former Test player Les Ames.
The tour
It was a tightly-packed schedule. Once the team started playing their first match they had only one day free from either match-play or travel until the end of the last match.
South Zone v MCC Under-25, Niaz Stadium, Hyderabad, 19, 20, 21 January 1967. South Zone 210 for 7 declared and 98, MCC Under-25 168 and 141 for 2. MCC Under-25 won by eight wickets.
Amiss top-scored in each innings for MCC Under-25 with 47 and 75. Hanif Mohammad, South Zone's captain, did the same for South Zone with 73 and 35 not out. Munawwar Hussain was the outstanding bowler, with 6 for 35 and 2 for 56.
Central Zone v MCC Under-25, Zafar Ali Stadium, Sahiwal, 23, 24, 25 January 1967. MCC Under-25 299 and 164, Central Zone 195 and 208. MCC Under-25 won by 60 runs.
Abberley made the top score of the match with 92 in the first innings. Pocock took 4 for 44 and 5 for 70. Saeed Ahmed, Central Zone's captain, made 26 and 61 and took 3 for 91 and 5 for 60.
Pakistan Under-25 v MCC Under-25, Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore, 27, 28, 29, 30 January 1967. Pakistan Under-25 429 for 6 declared and 259 for 7, MCC Under-25 445. Drawn.
"A pitch of funereal pace virtually guaranteed a draw from the first ball," said the Wisden report. Mushtaq Mohammad batted nearly six hours for 120, Majid Khan made 100 not out, and Fletcher 124.
North Zone v MCC Under-25, Peshawar Club Ground, Peshawar, 1, 2, 3 February 1967. MCC Under-25 514 for 4 declared, North Zone 126 and 249. MCC Under-25 won by an innings and 139 runs.
Brearley scored 312 not out so rapidly that he was able to declare at stumps on the first day after five and a half hours of play. He put on 208 for the first wicket with Knott (101) and 234 unbroken for the fifth wicket with Ormrod (61 not out). North Zone succumbed to the bowling of Hutton, who took a hat-trick in the first innings, and Hobbs, who took 6 for 39 and 3 for 88.
President's XI v MCC Under-25, Pindi Club Ground, Rawalpindi, 5, 6, 7 February 1967. President's XI 157 and 177, MCC Under-25 280 and 55 for 2. MCC Under-25 won by eight wickets.
Pocock took 4 for 56 and 4 for 36. Amiss made 102.
Pakistan Under-25 v MCC Under-25, Dacca Stadium, Dacca, 10, 11, 12, 13 February 1967. MCC Under-25 475, Pakistan Under-25 263 and 323 for 7. Drawn.
Brearley (223) and Amiss (131) added 356 for the second wicket; Pervez Sajjad took 7 for 135 off 57.2 overs for Pakistan Under-25. Following on 212 behind, Pakistan Under-25 were 124 for 4 before a fifth wicket partnership of 167 in 145 minutes by Majid Khan (95) and the captain, Asif Iqbal (117).
A two-day match followed against an East Pakistan Governor's XI at Chittagong Stadium, Chittagong. It was drawn: MCC Under-25 made 201 for 9 declared and 182, East Pakistan Governor's XI 165.
Pakistan Under-25 v MCC Under-25, National Stadium, Karachi, 17, 18, 19, 20 February 1967. Pakistan Under-25 220 and 217 for 8 declared, MCC Under-25 183 and 148 for 1. Drawn.
Despite the fastest pitch of the series the play was slow, and MCC Under-25 did not attempt to reach their target of 255 in 215 minutes. Mushtaq Mohammad took 7 for 73.
Leading players
In the three-match series, Brearley was the highest scorer on either side with 364 runs at an average of 121.33; Amiss made 284 at 94.66. Pocock took most wickets for MCC Under-25, with 10 at 36.30, and Hobbs had 9 at 36.55.
For Pakistan Asif Iqbal made 305 runs at 50.83 and Majid Khan made 284 at 56.80. Pervez Sajjad took 11 wickets at 20.63, and Mushtaq Mohammad 10 at 17.60.
On the tour as a whole, Brearley made 793 runs in the first-class matches at an average of 132.16, and Amiss made 575 at 63.88. The leading wicket-taker was Pocock, who took 31 at 20.29, while Hobbs took 27 at 25.66.
Aftermath
Only Brown, Amiss and Underwood had played Test cricket before the tour. All except Abberley, Bissex, Buss, Ormrod and Windows played Tests after the tour.
On the Pakistan side, several of the team had already played Test cricket. Of the others, Wasim Bari played his first matches for Pakistan, and immediately established himself as his country's premier wicket-keeper, and Saleem Altaf also began his international career.
After the tour, Brearley predicted that Pakistan's lack of fast bowlers, their batting difficulties against pace bowling on fast pitches, and their lack of a settled pair of opening batsmen, would all present problems for them on their forthcoming tour of England a few months later. All three predictions proved accurate, and Pakistan lost the Test series 2–0.
References
External links
Marylebone Cricket Club Under-25s in Pakistan: Jan-Feb 1967 at Cricinfo
Marylebone Cricket Club Under-25s in Pakistan 1966-67 at CricketArchive
1967 in English cricket
1967 in Pakistani cricket
1966-67
International cricket competitions from 1960–61 to 1970
Pakistani cricket seasons from 1947–48 to 1969–70 |
`` miss stanz , '' she says as i stand to leave . |
if he had n't forgiven you , i doubt you 'd be alive . '' |
claire didnt say anything . |
edmund snapped up the stairs . |
`` trained for the mission ? '' |
chapter four silas shifted in the old rocking chair , gurgled , and then , with a start , his eyes flew wide open . |
thomas and my best friend lester are the beneficiaries . |
`` can you point me in the right direction ? |
what is a township anyway ? |
`` i 'm nothing , anastasia . |
was that atonement , the tilt of the scales at the end of life ? |
`` i plead the fifth . '' |
`` you cried when you came . '' |
remember , no matter what they are or where they come from , all women have one simple birth defect . |
i went straight for the gullet . |
dirty , haughty bastard . |
`` how do you feel when we kiss ? |
`` it 's like an instinct . |
no . '' |
and suddenly and very strangely , he felt his body react , every muscle tightening instantaneously as he continued to drink in the sight of her . |
`` you are still warm , anita . |
shutting dr. pazzo and cannibalism out of her brain for a while , she turned toward frank . |
still , it stung on numerous levels . |
no matter what their current orders were or who was now in charge of typhon , their loyalty was to her . |
my eyes were drawn back to the windows though . |
puzzled , kate waved to him and kept walking . |
shannon took back her hobo bag from tony and tunneled through frantically , dropping her wallet . |
`` we 'll find the box , '' ares assured me . |
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR or IACtHR) is an international court based in San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it was formed by the American Convention on Human Rights, a human rights treaty ratified by members of the Organization of American States (OAS).
Pursuant to American Convention, the Inter-American Court works with the Inter-American Commission to uphold and promote basic rights and freedoms. It has jurisdiction within around 20 of the 35 member states in the Americas that have taken steps to acceded to its authority, the vast majority in Latin America. The court adjudicates claims of human rights violations by government and issues advisory opinions on interpretations of certain legal matters. Twenty-nine OAS members are also members of the wider-scale International Criminal Court.
Purpose and functions
The Organization of American States established the Court in 1979 to enforce and interpret the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.
Adjudicatory function
The adjudicatory function requires the Court to rule on cases brought before it in which a state party to the Convention, and thus has accepted its jurisdiction, is accused of a human rights violation.
In addition to ratifying the Convention, a state party must voluntarily submit to the Court's jurisdiction for it to be competent to hear a case involving that state. Acceptance of contentious jurisdiction can be given on a blanket basis – to date, Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and Uruguay have done so (though Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela have subsequently withdrawn) – or, alternatively, a state can agree to abide by the Court's jurisdiction in a specific, individual case.
Under the Convention, cases can be referred to the Court by either the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights or a state party. In contrast to the European human rights system, individual citizens of the OAS member states are not allowed to take cases directly to the Court.
The following conditions must be met:
Individuals who believe that their rights have been violated must first lodge a complaint with the Commission and have that body rule on the admissibility of the claim.
If the case is ruled admissible and the state deemed at fault, the Commission will generally serve the state with a list of recommendations to make amends for the violation.
Only if the state fails to abide by these recommendations, or if the Commission decides that the case is of particular importance or legal interest, will the case be referred to the Court.
The presentation of a case before the Court can therefore be considered a measure of last resort, taken only after the Commission has failed to resolve the matter in a non-contentious fashion.
Proceedings before the Court are divided into written and oral phases.
Written phase
In the written phase, the case application is filed, indicating the facts of the case, the plaintiffs, the evidence and witnesses the applicant plans to present at trial, and the claims for redress and costs. If the application is ruled admissible by the Court's secretary, notice thereof is served on the judges, the state or the Commission (depending on who lodged the application), the victims or their next-of-kin, the other member states, and OAS headquarters.
For 30 days following notification, any of the parties in the case may submit a brief containing preliminary objections to the application.
If it deems necessary, the Court can convene a hearing to deal with the preliminary objections.
Otherwise, in the interests of procedural economy, it can deal with the parties' preliminary objections and the merits of the case at the same hearing.
Within 60 days following notification, the respondent must supply a written answer to the application, stating whether it accepts or disputes the facts and claims it contains.
Once this answer has been submitted, any of the parties in the case may request the Court president's permission to lodge additional pleadings prior to the commencement of the oral phase.
Oral phase
The president sets the date for the start of oral proceedings, for which the Court is considered quorate with the presence of five judges.
During the oral phase, the judges may ask any question they see fit of any of the persons appearing before them. Witnesses, expert witnesses, and other persons admitted to the proceedings may, at the president's discretion, be questioned by the representatives of the Commission or the state, or by the victims, their next-of-kin, or their agents, as applicable. The president is permitted to rule on the relevance of questions asked and to excuse the person asked the question from replying, unless overruled by the Court.
Ruling
After hearing the witnesses and experts and analyzing the evidence presented, the Court issues its judgment.
Its deliberations are conducted in private and, once the judgment has been adopted, it is notified to all the parties involved.
If the merits judgment does not cover the applicable reparations for the case, they must be determined at a separate hearing or through some other procedure as decided on by the Court.
The reparations the Court orders can be both monetary and non-monetary in nature. The most direct form of redress are cash compensation payments extended to the victims or their next-of-kin. However, the state can also be required to grant benefits in kind, to offer public recognition of its responsibility, to take steps to prevent similar violations occurring in the future, and other forms of non-monetary compensation.
For example, in its November 2001 judgment in the Barrios Altos case – dealing with the massacre in Lima, Peru, of 15 people at the hands of the state-sponsored Colina Group death squad in November 1991 – the Court ordered payments of US$175,000 for the four survivors and for the next-of-kin of the murdered victims and a payment of $250,000 for the family of one of the victims.
It also required Peru:
to grant the victims' families free health care and various forms of educational support, including scholarships and supplies of school uniforms, equipment, and books;
to repeal two controversial amnesty laws;
to establish the crime of extrajudicial killing in its domestic law;
to ratify the International Convention on the Nonapplicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity;
to publish the Court's judgment in the national media;
to publicly apologize for the incident and to undertake to prevent similar events from recurring in the future;
and to erect a memorial monument to the victims of the massacre.
While the Court's decisions admit no appeal, parties can lodge requests for interpretation with the Court secretary within 90 days of judgment being issued. When possible, requests for interpretation are heard by the same panel of judges that ruled on the merits.
Advisory function
The Court's advisory function enables it to respond to consultations submitted by OAS agencies and member states regarding the interpretation of the Convention or other instruments governing human rights in the Americas; it also empowers it to give advice on domestic laws and proposed legislation, and to clarify whether or not they are compatible with the Convention's provisions. This advisory jurisdiction is available to all OAS member states, not only those that have ratified the Convention and accepted the Court's adjudicatory function. The Court's replies to these consultations are published separately from its contentious judgments, as advisory opinions.
Membership
The Convention entered into force in 1978. All Latin American countries but Cuba are members, as are Suriname and a few Anglophone countries in the Caribbean.
Trinidad and Tobago signed the Convention on 28 May 1991 but suspended its ratification on 26 May 1998 (effective 26 May 1999) over the death penalty issue. In 1999, under President Alberto Fujimori, Peru announced it was withdrawing its acceptance of the Court's jurisdiction. This decision was reversed by the transitional government of Valentín Paniagua in 2001.
Venezuela withdrew from the convention in 2013 under the Maduro government. On 15 May 2019, the National Assembly (opposition Guaidó government) nullified the withdrawal.
The Dominican Republic stated in 2014 that it was withdrawing from the IACtHR, the withdrawal would have come into effect the following year. However, the IACtHR notes that the withdrawal was never legally implemented, and as of its 2017 annual report, the IACtHR still counted the Dominican Republic as a member.
The United States signed but never ratified the Convention.
Composition
The court consists of seven judges, held to the highest moral judgement who have a high competency in human rights law. These judges are elected to six-year terms by the OAS General Assembly; each judge may be reelected for an additional six-year term.
Recent policy changes state, when serving on the court, judges are expected to act as individuals, not representing their state. They must be OAS member states' nationals; however, they do not need to be individuals of a state that has ratified the American Convention or accepted jurisdiction of the Court. Judges are required to recuse themselves from cases involving their home country. States parties are no longer permitted to name a judge ad hoc to their case if a sitting judge is not from their country. If a judge is a national of one of the State Parties to the case, the State Parties can only designate a judge ad hoc if there are inter-state complaints. In order to be nominated as a judge, one must be a national of a member state of OAS, a jurist, have the 'highest moral authority', have high competency of human rights law, have 'the qualifications required for the exercise of the highest judicial functions in conformity with the law of the state of which they are nationals or of the state that proposes them as candidates'.
'Highest Moral Authority' is loosely defined by the ACHR as never having never been convicted of a crime, suspended or expelled from the legal profession, or dismissed from public office.
Judges are elected by State Parties to the Convention from a list of nominated candidates. Each State Party may nominate up to three candidates, but if nominating three, at least one of the three must be a national of a state other than the nominating state. The Secretary General of the OAS organizes the candidates alphabetically and forwards it to the State Parties. The election consists of a secret ballot, requiring an absolute majority of the State Parties to the Convention. Those who receive the most votes are elected.
After the Convention came into force on 18 July 1978, the first election of judges took place on 22 May 1979. The new Court first convened on 29 June 1979 at the Organization of American States Headquarters in Washington, D.C., United States.
Criticisms
The Court's behaviour has also been criticized. Among other issues, some authors have criticized the politicization of the Court. Furthermore, the process of nomination and election is a subject of criticism. It is not a transparent or accountable process at both the National and International levels. There is a push for the OAS to create an independent group in charge of evaluating candidates. Another independent group in charge of overseeing the national processes and ranking the candidates that is separate from OAS is a proposed initiative by scholars to address these criticisms. These would ensure that all candidates have been through two reviews on the National and International level before being able to be elected.
Fair representation when it comes to candidates is also a point of contempt. Scholars have stated that State Parties should strive for equal representation in terms of geographic sub-regions, different ethnic and cultural groups, and female and male judges; however, this should be done without straying from the high standards and qualifications required for candidates.
"Highest Moral Authority", a requirement for nomination, is often criticized because its vagueness. The necessary qualifications are not clearly defined and vary from country to country. The minimum age ranges from none to 45 years old and the number of years of experience ranges from 10–15 years and only Paraguay requires candidates to have a PhD.
Some of the latest criticisms come from Peru and Venezuela. Venezuela subsequently withdrew from the system after President Hugo Chávez declared the court's decision to rule Venezuela guilty of holding a prisoner in inhumane jail conditions as invalid. Up to then, Trinidad and Tobago had been the only state to withdraw. Peru tried to do so, but did not follow the appropriate procedure.
Personnel
Current Judges
Former Presidents of the Court
Former members of the Court
Notable cases heard by the Court
See also
European Court of Human Rights, regional court originally established in 1959
African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, regional court established in 2006
International Criminal Court
References
Further reading
T. Antkowiak, A. Gonza, THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS: ESSENTIAL RIGHTS, Oxford University Press, 2017.
T. Buergenthal, R. Norris, D. Shelton, Protecting Human Rights in the Americas. Cases and material, Kehl, N.P Engel Publisher. Verlag, 1995.
L. Burgorgue-Larsen, A. Ubeda de Torres, The Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Case law and Commentary, Oxford, OUP, 2011.
L. Hennebel, "The Inter-American Court of Human Rights: The Ambassador of Universalism", Quebec Journal of International Law, Special Edition, p. 57, 2011.
External links
IACHR case law and basic documents
International courts and tribunals
Intergovernmental human rights organizations
Organization of American States
Human rights in Latin America
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
Human rights courts
Courts and tribunals established in 1979 |
keely looked at him curiously when he remained kneeling on the floor . |
for the first time in my life , i 'm with a man who literally has me in his hand , and i do n't feel fear . |
he pulled away long enough to say , `` clothes off . |
`` you mean a demon named lilith . '' |
three rifle rounds blasted and one of them hit the 1860 converted army percussion revolver , spun it out of his hand and broke two of his fingers . |
`` it 's just unusual from someone ... well , do n't take this the wrong way , but it 's unusual from someone so far down the ladder , when it comes to raw power . '' |
he continued to look at it . |
the only time she got to straighten her legs fully was when she was let out of the cage , like now , and that had only happened once before since she 'd been dragged here . |
`` we were friends for a long time , kimber . |
i was just afraid that saying it out loud , my mother is going to die , made it real . |
there was some clapping , and a few hoots . |
nathan clutched the monitor and fought the urge to pitch it across the room . |
he could probably make it stick . '' |
The province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the third-largest province of Pakistan by population and the smallest province by area, is divided into 37 districts and seven divisions.
Below, you will find a detailed overview of the history of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's districts and divisions, a map showing each district, the divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and their districts, and a list showing each district's name, the division the district belongs to, the district's area, the location of the district's headquarters, the district's population and population density (in 2017), the average annual population growth rate of each district (between 1998 and 2017), and a map showing each district's location.
History
1901 to 2010
Districts have formed an integral part of civil administration in the subcontinent since colonial times. When the North-West Frontier Province (the former name of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) formed in November 1901, it was divided into five "settled districts": Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hazara, Kohat, and Peshawar, and a "trans-border tract" of land which encompassed five "Political Agencies": Khyber, Kurram, Malakand, Tochi, and Wano. The four districts Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohat, and Peshawar were considered "Trans-Indus" districts.
By the time of the 1941 census of British India, Tochi Agency had been renamed "North Waziristan Agency", Wana Agency had been renamed "South Waziristan Agency", and two tehsils of Peshawar District (Mardan and Swabi) were split off to form Mardan District, which became the fifth "Trans-Indus" district. The six districts of the North-West Frontier Province had also all been given their own "Frontier Regions", which were tribal areas that were under the control of the deputy commissioner of an adjacent district.
1947 to 1954
Upon the independence of Pakistan, the six districts of the North-West Frontier Province retained their borders and status within the province, but the five tribal agencies and six frontier regions all split off from the province, creating the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas was an administrative unit of Pakistan governed from Islamabad which had an area larger than the province itself.
In 1951, parts of Malakand Agency were split off to create the Mohmand Agency in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.
1954 to 1972
In 1954, the One Unit policy that consolidated all of West Pakistan into one province began. From 1954 to 1970, the North-West Frontier Province ceased to exist. The death of the province brought the rise of the area's first divisions (divisions had already existed in Punjab and East Bengal, but none of the other provinces had any divisions until One Unit). The area that once covered the North-West Frontier Province and Federally Administered Tribal Areas was split among two divisions: Dera Ismail Khan Division and Peshawar Division. Dera Ismail Khan Division covered Bannu District, Dera Ismail Khan District, North Waziristan Agency, and South Waziristan Agency, and Peshawar Division covered Hazara District, Kohat District, Mardan District, Peshawar District, Kurram Agency, Khyber Agency, Malakand Agency, and Mohmand Agency. The frontier regions which had previously existed were absorbed into their respective districts at this time.
The One Unit policy ended in 1970 and the provinces returned with their original forms (which also meant that the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the North-West Frontier Province were separate once more, and that the Frontier Regions regained their status as administrative units). The divisions that had been created as a result of the policy stayed in the North-West Frontier Province, but were abolished entirely in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.
By the time of the 1972 Census of Pakistan, many changes had been made to the administrative map:
Malakand Division had been created between 1961 and 1972 using the area that covered most of the now-defunct Malakand Agency, and was split up into the districts of Chitral, Dir, Malakand, Shangla and Swat;
The districts of Hazara and Mardan had absorbed their frontier regions;
The Bajaur Agency was created out of the areas of the now-defunct Malakand Agency that were not placed in Malakand Division.
This meant that at the North-West Frontier Province was divided into three divisions and ten districts, while the Federally Administered Tribal Areas were divided into six Political Agencies and four Frontier Regions. The administrative divisions of the region were as follows (districts and divisions which do not exist anymore are in italic):
1972 to 1981
Throughout the years between 1972 and 1981, new divisions and districts kept on being divided and created and changes kept on being made to the administrative map:
Hazara Division was created out of the area that covered the now-defunct Hazara District and parts of Swat District, in Malakand Division. Hazara Division was split up into three districts, which were Abbottabad District (formed out of Abbottabad, Amb, and Haripur Tehsils of Hazara District), Kohistan District (formed out of six tehsils of Swat District and eight union councils of Batagram Tehsil (in Hazara District), and Mansehra District (formed out of Batagram Tehsil (exc. eight union councils which were given to Kohistan District) and Mansehra Tehsil in Hazara District).
The agency of Orakzai was created out of parts of the Frontier Region Kohat (which still existed, but was smaller) in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.
This meant that by the time of the 1981 Census of Pakistan, the North-West Frontier Province had 12 districts (two more than in 1972) organized into four divisions (one more than in 1972) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas had seven Political Agencies (one more than in 1972) and four Frontier Regions. You can find a list of them below (districts and divisions which do not exist anymore are in italic):
1981 to 1998
Between the 1981 and 1998 censuses of Pakistan, many changes to the administrative map of the North-West Frontier Province:
Dir District was split up into Lower Dir District (formed out of the sub-divisions of Dir and Wari) and Upper Dir District (formed out of the sub-divisions of Timergara and Jandool); the sub-divisions of Daggar/Buner and Alpuri were split off of Swat District to form the districts of Buner and Shangla respectively;
Batagram Tehsil was separated from Mansehra District to form the new Batagram District and many union councils which were once part of Abbottabad District (most of which were part of Amb Tehsil before 1981) were absorbed into Mansehra District; what was left of Abbottabad District was divided into Haripur District (formed of Haripur Tehsil and portions of Abbottabad Tehsil) and Abbottabad District (formed of Abbottabad Tehsil excluding the portions taken by Haripur District);
Mardan Division was formed out of Mardan District (formerly in Peshawar Division) and was split into the districts of Mardan (covering the area of Mardan Tehsil, part of Mardan District) and Swabi (covering the area of Swabi Tehsil, part of Mardan District);
Kohat Division was formed out of Kohat District (formerly in Peshawar Division) and was split into the districts of Karak (covering the areas of Karak Tehsil and parts of Hangu and Kohat Tehsils, all of which were formerly part of Kohat District), Kohat (covering the areas of Kohat Tehsil, minus the parts of the tehsil that were absorbed into Karak District), and Hangu (covering the areas of Hangu Tehsil minus the parts of the tehsil that were absorbed into Karak District);
Peshawar District was split into three districts, Charsadda (upgraded from Charsadda Tehsil), Nowshera (made from most of the area of Nowshera Tehsil), and Peshawar (made from Peshawar Tehsil and parts of the area of Nowshera Tehsil);
Bannu Division was formed out of Bannu District (formerly in Dera Ismail Khan Division), and was split into the districts of Bannu (covering most of the areas of Bannu Tehsil) and Lakki Marwat (covering the area of Lakki Marwat Tehsil, along with parts of Bannu Tehsil);
Dera Ismail Khan District was bifurcated into Dera Ismail Khan District (created from Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil) and Tank District (created from Tank Tehsil).
As for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, the agencies remained the same and retained the exact same borders they had in 1981, but two more frontier regions were created: Frontier Region Lakki Marwat and Frontier Region Tank. These two frontier regions were created from parts of Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan, which was, in 1981, split up into two non-contiguous sections. The northern section was divided into Frontier Region Lakki Marwat and Frontier Region Tank upon the creation of Lakki Marwat and Tank Districts, but Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan retained the southern section.
This meant that by the time of the 1998 Census of Pakistan, the North-West Frontier Province had 24 districts (twelve more than in 1981) organized into seven divisions (three more than in 1981) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas had seven Political Agencies and six Frontier Regions (two more than in 1981). You can find a list of them below (districts and divisions which do not exist anymore are in italic):
1998 to 2017
In August 2000, all of the divisions throughout Pakistan were abolished, but were reinstated in their exact previous forms eight years later after the elections of 2008.
On the other hand, no changes occurred to the 1998 district setup for over a decade, until 2010, when the North-West Frontier Province was renamed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. One year later, in 2011, Kala Dhaka Tehsil was separated from Mansehra District to become Torghar District, the 25th district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These 25 districts (the 24 districts dating to 1998 and Torghar) were the only districts recorded as a part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the 2017 Census.
This meant that by the time of the 2017 Census of Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had 25 districts (one more than in 1998) organized into seven divisions and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas had seven Political Agencies and six Frontier Regions. You can find a list of them below (districts and divisions which do not exist anymore are in italic):
2017 to present
In 2014, Kohistan District was bifurcated into Upper Kohistan District and Lower Kohistan District, but tensions on the bifurcation did not resolve until late 2017 (after the 2017 census), when Kolai-Palas District was formed as well. This meant that Kohistan District was still legally one administrative unit until after the time of the 2017 census (the bifurcation was delayed in light of the political tensions, and did not go through until late 2017, when Kohistan district was split into three districts).
On 31 May 2018, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was put into force. This amendment merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and changes the province's borders and layout drastically. Each of the seven agencies in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Bajaur, Kurram, Khyber, Mohmand, North Waziristan, Orakzai, and South Waziristan) was made into its own district and added into an adjacent division (Bajaur District became a part of Malakand Division, Khyber and Mohmand Districts joined Peshawar Division, Kurram and Orakzai Districts joined Kohat Division, North Waziristan District joined Bannu Division, and South Waziristan District joined Dera Ismail Khan Division). The six Frontier Regions joined the districts they were adjacent to (Frontier Region Bannu was incorporated into Bannu District, Frontier Region Kohat was incorporated into Kohat District etc.).
In late 2018, Chitral District, formerly the largest district in the province by area, was bifurcated into Upper Chitral District, from Mastuj Tehsil, and Lower Chitral District, from Chitral Tehsil. In 2022, South Waziristan district was bifurcated into Upper South Waziristan headquarter Spinkai Karzai and Lower South Waziristan headquarter Wana.This raised the number of districts in the province to 37, where it stands to this day. You can observe the current setup in the maps and lists below.
List of Districts
Below you will find a list of all 37 districts in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, along with the division it belongs to, the area of the district, the population and population density of the district, the average annual population growth rate of each district (between 1998 and 2017), and a map showing its location. The districts are initially listed in alphabetical order, but they can be sorted in different ways by clicking the headers of the table.
See also
Districts of Pakistan
Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
Districts of Sindh
Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan
Districts of Azad Kashmir
Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Divisions of Pakistan
List of tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Notes
A. In 2017 Bajaur District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
B. In 2017 Bannu District was split into both the "Frontier Region Bannu" (a part of FATA) and "Bannu District".
C. In 2017 Dera Ismail Khan District was split into both the "Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan" (a part of FATA) and "Dera Ismail Khan District".
D. In 2017 Khyber District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
E. In 2017 Kohat District was split into both the "Frontier Region Kohat" (a part of FATA) and "Kohat District".
F. In 2017 Kolai-Palas District was not a district, but a part of the erstwhile Kohistan District. Today it occupies the area the Palas Tehsil used to occupy. Also, due to discrepancies in the source regarding the population of each of Kohistan's Tehsils (when the Tehsils are added one person is missing), a different and more up to date source is used for the districts covering the Kohistan region.
G. In 2017 Kurram District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
H. In 2017 Lakki Marwat District was split into both the "Frontier Region Lakki Marwat" (a part of FATA) and "Lakki Marwat District".
I. In 2017 Lower Chitral District was not a district, but a part of the erstwhile Chitral District. Today it occupies the area the Chitral Tehsil (or Chitral Subdivision) used to occupy.
J. In 2017 Lower Kohistan District was not a district, but a part of the erstwhile Kohistan District. Today it occupies the area the Pattan Tehsil used to occupy. Also, due to discrepancies in the source regarding the population of each of Kohistan's Tehsils (when the Tehsils are added one person is missing), a different and more up to date source is used for the districts covering the Kohistan region.
K. In 2017 Mohmand District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
L. In 2017 North Waziristan District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
M. In 2017 Orakzai District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
N. In 2017 Peshawar District was split into both the "Frontier Region Peshawar" (a part of FATA) and "Peshawar District".
O. In 2017 South Waziristan District was not a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but was an agency in FATA.
P. In 2017 Tank District was split into both the "Frontier Region Tank" (a part of FATA) and "Tank District".
Q. In 2017 Upper Chitral District was not a district, but a part of the erstwhile Chitral District. Today it occupies the area the Mastuj Tehsil (or Mastuj Subdivision) used to occupy.
R. In 2017 Upper Kohistan District was not a district, but a part of the erstwhile Kohistan District. Today it occupies the area the Dassu and Kandia Tehsils used to occupy (between 1998 Kandia Tehsil split off from Dassu Tehsil). Also, due to discrepancies in the source regarding the population of each of Kohistan's Tehsils (when the Tehsils are added one person is missing), a different and more up to date source is used for the districts covering the Kohistan region.
S. No area data is given for Kolai-Palas District and Lower Kohistan District because in the source (dated 1998), Palas Tehsil (which became Kolai-Palas) and Pattan Tehsil (which became Lower Kohistan), even though their populations were reported separately, the area that was given was the combined area of both tehsils. The combined area of both tehsils (which are today districts) is .
References
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
i was about to reach over and tweak the royal chin when i felt a presence . |
i pulled up the voice mail and listened to her soft voice fill my ears . |
so you 're telling me you do n't want to get caught ? |
`` i figured they were , '' he said , drifting over to us . |
`` you 'll be late . '' |
`` your mother 's table is already in it . '' |
that 's what i 'm doing . |
theres a village , scarlett said . |
now , one evening when d'artagnyn , who was in the trenches , was not able to accompany them , athys , porthys , and aramys , mounted on their battle steeds , enveloped in their war cloaks , with their hands upon their pistol butts , were returning from a drinking place called the red dovecot , which athys had discovered two days before upon the route to jarrie , following the road which led to the camp and quite on their guard , as we have stated , for fear of an ambuscade , when , about a quarter of a league from the village of boisnau , they fancied they heard the sound of horses approaching them . |
flash . |
`` derek will help ! '' |
i did n't hear the person on the other end answer , but in the next instant jonathan said , `` i changed my mind . |
as he did so , he said in a sharp tone of voice , `` by the way , how much did icoupov 's people pay you to call the professor 's cell this morning ? '' |
you could come home for a while , you know . |
elena and matt found him asleep inside a small office building with dirty windows . |
she 'd had a daughter who was an adept ? |
`` mom 's in the hospital ? '' |
those vile creatures are demons who were once angels , he began and the children exchanged glances . |
she wondered if he 'd ever stop having that effect on her . |
thomas thought if she put any more energy into her exclamation , her eyes might completely pop out of her head . |
`` no really . |
or maybe it was my stomach . |
the laughter died . |
clearly we 're the weaker vessels . |
the old man gasped as if he is choked and woke up suddenly , sharine jumped . |
stayed in bed , in the very bed his dad now slept in alone , for a little over a month , then passed away . |
mia , are you sure that you are safe with this werewolf ? |
the jeep ushers us back through the streets . |
i think i 'm falling in love with him . |
men were running toward them from another direction . |
he was quiet for a moment then he said , je taime , ma petite . |
tried to be optimistic like i 'd been before i went overseas and almost got blown to pieces like the rest of my buddies . |
you could do some jail time for this . '' |