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We opened our school to provide superior quality education and care at affordable fees. Being parents ourselves, we felt the need for a unique daycare which offers more, without parents having to pay more. We opened with 4 children and a year later we have moved to a larger premises to accommodate our ever growing number. We take care of children from birth to age 6 and also offer aftercare services to primary school learners. What makes us different: - Our fees are affordable and all inclusive - We focus on learning through play in a loving and secure environment - We have longer operating hours - We never close over school holidays For a daycare with a difference, contact us. It is our believe that children should not just be cared for but cared for in a secure environment where they can play and are educated.

Follow UT Dallas: Frank Feagans Frank Feagans has been promoted to vice president for information technology and chief information officer at UT Dallas. Previously an associate vice president for information technology, Feagans has 35 years of experience in IT. He reports to President Richard C. Benson and is responsible for the overall leadership of the Office of Information Technology, which includes infrastructure services, enterprise application services, networking and telecommunication services, and technology customer services. Feagans replaces David Crain, who in August accepted the position of associate vice chancellor for shared information services for The University of Texas System. Brian Dourty has been serving on an interim basis. “Brian has shown strong dedication the past several months, and I thank him for his excellent service during this period of transition,” Benson said. Benson noted there were several talented applicants with diverse backgrounds and experiences, and he admired the individual qualities each finalist had to offer and their desire to serve the UT Dallas community. Feagans’ mission for the Office of Information Technology is to provide innovative, collaborative and valuable IT services that support the University’s strategic goals. “I want the office to be the IT partner of choice that students, faculty and staff seek out in order to assist the University in advancing research, raising student success, enhancing learning, improving productivity, expanding collaboration and attracting world-class talent,” he said. Feagans joined UT Dallas in 2015 as the director of research computing shared services. In early 2016, he became the associate vice president of enterprise applications and research computing services. “I want the office to be the IT partner of choice that students, faculty and staff seek out in order to assist the University in advancing research, raising student success, enhancing learning, improving productivity, expanding collaboration and attracting world-class talent.” In 2016, Feagans oversaw the installment of the first local shared high-performance computing cluster at UT Dallas — appropriately named Ganymede after the largest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system. Feagans has led all aspects of IT, including application development, research, architecture, infrastructure, operations, project management and client services. Prior to UT Dallas, Feagans was a senior IT leader at the University of Arizona. During his four years there, Feagans led IT’s role in implementing innovative learning spaces and hybrid learning in classrooms. Before entering higher education, he worked in private industry IT leadership roles, including 11 years with McDonald’s Corp., four years with McDonald’s global supply chain integrator, and two years with U.S. Cellular. A native of Illinois, he earned a master’s degree in computer science and a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. Feagans serves as a regular guest instructor at the University of Arizona’s Eller College of Management, teaching business ethics. Benson said information technology will play a key role in the future success across all aspects of the campus. “The VPIT/CIO is charged with providing strategic vision and leadership to meet the information technology demands of a Tier One institution,” Benson said. “Frank will serve as a valued member of the University’s executive leadership team, working in partnership with administrators, deans, vice presidents, faculty, staff and students, the UT System, and our community partners and supporters to advance our mission. “I look forward to Frank’s leadership in promoting a strong sense of teamwork and cooperation across the UT Dallas community that will enable future growth and success in research computing as well as operational business needs.”

Q: Role hierarchy with users reporting to different managers I am trying to create a role hierarchy according to this requirement: We have three roles: Sales Manager, Executive Manager and Sales Rep Sales Manager and Executive Manager are at the same level. Both don't report to anybody Exceutive Manager has users Tom, Mery and Anne Sales Manager has only the user Patrick Sales rep A reports to Tom, Mary and Anne Sales rep B reports to only Tom and Mary Sales rep C reports to Tom and Patrick What would be the best way to create a role hierarchy according to this requirement as you have the following cases?: Sales reps can report to different users in the Executive Manager hierarchy Sales reps can report to different users who are in different roles as in point 7. They don't use territories or divisions. I am a little confused about the term "reports to". For me this is like saying "he or she is my manager". I can not find the way to create a role hierarchy with these requirements. Any tips will be appreciated. A: Role Hierarchy is not your HR org-chart. It is solely for the purpose of enabling record access. The person a user reports to should be noted in the Manager field on the User object. If you want to create security where people can only access records owned by people below them in a hierarchy, then use Role Hierarchy. If you want to show a manager, then use the manager field (and probably Title to show each person's job title). And if you want people to have visibility across the Role Hierarchy, then create custom sharing rules to expose, say, Sales Rep C's records with Patrick even though Tom sits above C in the Role Hierarchy. I don't know why Sales Rep A reports to three people - that's very uncommon in a company to have more than one manager, and this may require a very custom solution involving groups, but it's best not to go there if you don't have to. So bottom line: Find the one person each user reports to, and put that in the Manager field. For record sharing, use the Role Hierarchy with sharing rules if necessary.

'War and peace' concern president, not Dems, says Snow Whether Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., has one reporter following him or a hundred is irrelevant to President Bush, according to a spokesman. Les Kinsolving, WND’s correspondent at the White House, asked spokesman Tony Snow about Washington Post reports that during a visit to New Hampshire, Obama was trailed by “a huge media hoard” of more than 100. “Does the president, as head of the GOP, believe that Sen. Hillary Clinton is seriously concerned about this Barack boom?” Kinsolving asked. Barack Obama “Again, the president, I think – as I’ve tried to make clear, the president is worried about matters of global war and peace, and he’ll allow the Democrats to conduct their own primary business when that process does, in fact, begin in earnest,” Snow said. A report in Time noted that “Obama-mania” landed in New Hampshire, the site of the first presidential primary, over the weekend. A fundraiser intended for 500 people sold more than 1,500 tickets and 700 came to another event. “He was so inspiring,” Sarah Blodget told the magazine after a book signing in Portsmouth. “He had me on the verge of tears. No politician has been this eloquent and this personable in years.” The magazine quoted “people who have spoken to him” as saying he’s weighing family considerations as well as practical matters like money in deciding whether to attempt to challenge Hillary Clinton for the next Democratic presidential nomination. The magazine noted there’s little actually known about Obama. “Obama is perhaps the only presidential candidate who could get invited to major events by both conservative pastor Rick Warren and the liberal group MoveOn.org…” Kinsolving also asked about the reaction from the president after his father, former President George H.W. Bush, attended the swearing-in of new Mexican President Felipe Calderon, an event that featured whistles, catcalls, fightfights, screamed insults and pushing matches. “No reaction to that,” Snow said. In Mexico, supporters of challenger Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador have accused Calderon of stealing the election in July. Lopez Obrador has refused to recognized those election results and has claimed he actually is the legitimate president of Mexico. Tell us what question you would like to hear the president answer, at Forums.WND.com.

“I would not re-look at that,” Samson said. “I still report to an owner, but were it up to me I would not give a no-trade clause. It just hampers you too much and you don’t know what’s going to happen. I don’t think we’re having any problem signing free agents because of what happened in 2012. If we offer more years or more money, people will come to play and frankly a tie will go to Miami for many of the players. It’s such a great ballpark and a great place to live. “The problem with no-trade clauses, they never are to the benefit of the team, ever, and they don’t make much sense to me.” Of course, the Giancarlo Stanton contract issue came up again as well. Stanton is arbitration-eligible for the first time this offseason. Within the last couple of weeks, General Manager Dan Jennings told Bowden on MLB Network Radio Stanton was not available. Samson wasn’t as definitive. “We look at the Cardinals who didn’t re-sign Albert Pujols and they just won the pennant,” Samson said. “You really have to think about your team, your payroll. You have to think about how it’s going to work going forward and what percentage of your payroll will one player have or who you want to sign because there are always more players. “It’s a complicated question, but we love Giancarlo and we don’t have to worry about it right now. He’s on our team. If here in Orlando all of a sudden someone comes with an offer Mike and Dan can’t refuse, anybody can get traded. That’s the point of having no no-trade clauses, but I would say it’s very unlikely that he will get dealt.” President of Baseball Operations Michael Hill last week said discussions about when to approach Stanton with a multi-year offer were ongoing.

Q: c# when use a type ,will its constructor be called Like public string _name, when compile this code,will type string's constructor be called A: No, but if you need to call a string constructor, you could use this: _name = new string(...); You must replace the "..." with valid parameters. If you don't know, which parameter are necessary, look at this page.

Q: Make Highchart use a specific targeted time zone I'm using highchart to display data along a time x axis. The data are relative to a specific location on the globe so I need to make HightChart display the time of this location. Which is neither UTC nor the local browser time zone. I already seen the UTC setting, to make use of UTC or browser's local time : Highcharts.setOptions({ global: { useUTC: true } }); And I already think of applying a delay according to my targeted time zone in the label formatter. but it's slightly more complicated : how to manage manually the summer / winter time switch in any targeted country etc Maybe if there is a way to set the time zone in a javascript date object to use a getLocalString() with a specific time zone ? :/ Any idea on how to do this ? A: Possible solution is to use UTC in Highcharts, then if you know what time-zone you want to display you know already offset. Then simply in all formatters (xAxis, tooltip, etc.) add offset to display proper date.

MapQuest gets new look, features for iOS 7 users With Google and Apple locked in an epic battle to win the maps wars, many forget that there are other decent mapping services for iOS. One such service is MapQuest, the tried-and-true mapping solution that has been around for years and years. Today the company updated its MapQuest app for iOS 7 adding a sleek new interface and several feature enhancements including route bookmarking and, my favorite, a status bar that displays your full route statistics, including where you are along the journey and the time and distance left to reach your destination. Apple and Google should adopt this feature. Here's a full rundown of all the new features in MapQuest 4.0: Beautifully redesigned for iOS7, version 4.0 incorporates the useful features you need into precise vector maps to help you get where you need to go. Version 4.0 boasts: • Exquisite, eye-catching map styling – Our map now offers sharper detail and is much easier to read • Traffic conditions on route – Your route turns red (heavy) or yellow (some brake lights) to keep you informed of live traffic conditions • Custom home/work bookmarking – Bookmark your home and work addresses so no matter where you are, you can find your way to either at the push of a button • Road alerts – Get alerted to toll roads and seasonal road closures on your route • Sharing – Keep friends and family in the loop by sharing your location • Audio mute capabilities – Select the audio mute option to turn off voice-guided directions while enjoying music or making a phone call • Advanced search capabilities – Locate your destination faster when you search It should be noted that MapQuest 4.0 requires iOS 7, so if you haven't upgraded yet or have an iOS device that will not support iOS 7, you will not be able to upgrade to MapQuest 4.0. MapQuest 4.0 is a free download and offers an in-app purchase for US$3.99 that gets rid of the ads the app features.

Lake Manitoba Lake Manitoba is Canada's thirteenth largest lake (4,624 km2) and the world's 33rd largest freshwater lake. It is in central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba, which is named after the lake. It is located about 75 km northwest of the province's capital, Winnipeg, at . History The lake, its shores populated by the Assiniboine and Cree, was made known to Europeans by La Vérendrye in the mid-1730s. He and his sons travelled from Fort La Reine through this lake to explore the Saskatchewan River and its environs. Forts were established on both the Saskatchewan and Cedar Lake. It also was part of the route of the fur trade to Hudson Bay. The name derives from Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwa manidoobaa, both meaning "straits of Manitou, the Great Spirit", a toponym referring to what are now called The Narrows in the centre of the lake. These narrows were an area that the spirit could be heard. What exactly was heard, and in what exact location, seems to be a mystery. The lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies. The short-lived Republic of Manitobah and its successor the province of Manitoba both take their name from this lake. Manipogo For many years there have been claims that a monster similar to Scotland's Loch Ness Monster and British Columbia's Ogopogo lives in the lake. It has been named Manipogo. Sightings of this serpent like sea monster have been going on since roughly 1908. Geography The irregularly shaped lake, about 200 km long, is the smallest of a group of three large lakes, the other two being Lake Winnipeg (the largest) and Lake Winnipegosis, which are found on the floor of the prehistoric Glacial Lake Agassiz. The lake is subdivided into two connected but distinctly different basins: a small, irregular-shaped north basin and a much larger south basin. It is part of the watershed of the Nelson River and Hudson Bay. The southern tip of the lake, 24 km north of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, ends in the Delta Marsh, an important staging ground for migrating birds. Communities on the lake include Fairford, Steep Rock, St. Laurent, and Sandy Bay. Tributaries and outflows The lake is primarily fed by Lake Winnipegosis to its northwest via the Waterhen River, with an average annual contribution of . The Whitemud River and local overland flow average about . Precipitation contributes about . From 1970 to 2003 the Portage Diversion has contributed an average annual volume of from the Assiniboine River. Lake Manitoba drains northeast into Lake Winnipeg through the Fairford River to Lake St. Martin and then to the Dauphin River. The average annual river outflow is . Average evaporation is per year. Most of the water inflow is from the Waterhen River (42% of the inflow) and from precipitation directly on the lake's surface (40%), while nearly 50% of the outflow is by evaporation. This explains its hyposaline nature. Water control dam Severe flooding around the lake led to the excavation of an improved outlet channel between 1899 and 1901. In 1933 following dry years in the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Province constructed a concrete control dam across the Fairford River immediately downstream of the channel. A new dam was constructed in 1961. The new structure is operated to try to control levels between above sea level. Flood in 2011 Due to above average snowfall over the winter of 2010-2011, and above average precipitation in the spring over the Lake Manitoba watershed, forecasted water levels on Lake Manitoba called for levels above the regulated upper range of above sea level and around the flood stage of above sea level. With the added inflows of the Portage Diversion due to high water levels on the Assiniboine River and its tributaries, of up to of water the lake peaked at above sea level on July 21. On May 31, 2011 when the lake was already very high, , strong winds from the north and the north-west of 70 km/h gusting to 90 km/h caused major damage to beaches and communities on the south basin of the lake including Twin Lakes Beach, St. Laurent, St. Ambroise, Delta Beach, Lynch Point, Big Point, and large areas of farmland. Historical floods Unlike a river which can rise and recede relatively quickly, large lakes like Lake Manitoba require months or even years for lake levels to rise and fall. Below are the flood years on record in which Lake Manitoba was above flood stage, as defined by Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation (MIT), of 814 feet ASL. However, beginning around a level of 813 feet ASL, localized flooding of agricultural land around the lake can occur. In 1881-82 lake levels were not recorded. However, given the topography around Lake Manitoba, a level of 817 feet ASL would be required to cause the lake to drain back into the Assiniboine River, which occurred in both 1881 and 1882. Also, a flow of 14,835 cfs was recorded on the Fairford River in 1881, long before significant channel improvements were made. Based on a rating curve for flows on the Fairford River during this period, the flows correlate with a lake level as high as 817.5 feet ASL. Furthermore, in his 1890 study entitled "Report of Exploration of the Glacial Lake Agassiz in Manitoba", Warren Upham states that Lake Manitoba rose approximately 8 feet above its lowest level, which records show to be around 810 feet ASL, suggesting a peak of 818 feet ASL. Lake Levels did not begin to be recorded until 1914. However, in 1913 a flow rate of 11,500 cfs on the Fairford River was recorded, which based on a rating curve for flows during this period would correspond with a lake level of greater than 816 feet ASL. On May 31, 2011, during a major wind event, Lake Manitoba was measured at 820.37 feet ASL at Twin Lakes Beach. As a result of the high water level with wind set-up and wave action, significant damage occurred along the south basin of Lake Manitoba. The 2011 peak flood level is the wind-eliminated peak lake level. Fishing Lake Manitoba is one of the three main lakes in Manitoba's $30-million annual commercial fishing industry. The main marketable fish species caught on Lake Manitoba has changed from whitefish in the late 19th century to walleye, sauger and yellow perch today. There has been a large increase in rough fish like carp. Tullibee catch remains high, although it is not considered a commercial species. The total recorded catch of the commercial winter fishery on the lake has declined from annually in the late 1940s to less than in 2002. Gallery See also List of lakes of Manitoba Twin Lakes Beach, Manitoba Delta Marsh References External links Modern sedimentology and hydrology of Lake Manitoba Lake Manitoba Stewardship Board Category:Lakes of Manitoba Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts

December 5: Via Campesina International Food Sovereignty Day to Cool Down the Earth STOP THE 1% FROM PROFITING FROM POLLUTION! LIFT UP COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS THAT COOL THE PLANET! GGJ and La Vía Campesina are calling on all members and allies to mobilize on Saturday, December 3 under the banner of “1000 DURBANS FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE! STOP THE 1% FROM PROFITING FROM POLLUTION, LIFT UP COMMUNITY SOLUTIONS THAT COOL THE PLANET!” Continue reading → With its six caravans, La Via Campesina and its allies will propose alternatives to the climate crisis and to the lack of responsible agreement between governements. The caravans will stop at various places of peasant, social and environmental struggles, as well as at the world alternative Forum and for a large demonstration taking place in Cancun as well as in the rest of the world, on December 7th. (Ciudad de México, November 28th) «The sixth Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 16) is already seen as a failure that will affect the future of humanity, as its only result will be to strenghthen the intention of TNCs to divert money away from the climate crisis» stated Alberto Gomez from La Via Campesina international coordination. [Cochabamba, 20 April, 2010] This morning Itelvina Masioli, a Brazilian leader of the international peasant movement La Via Campesina, spoke at the inauguration of the People’s World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. Bolivian President Evo Morales was the keynote speaker to the crowd of several thousand. The conference, organized by the Bolivian government after countries failed to agree on a plan to stop climate change in Copenhagen last December, is being held from April 19 thru 22. Its goal is to amplify the voices of those who were not heard in Copenhagen. “We are here together with President Evo Morales to play an active role in this grand global mobilization in Defense of Mother Earth,” said Masioli. “Our planet is in danger, and if our planet is in danger, then life is in danger.” (Cochabamba, April 17 2010) Peasants women and men from farmers organisations throughout the world, members of La Via Campesina, celebrate the 17th of April as the International Day of Peasant Struggle, and reaffirm their vow to intensify the mobilization for the rights of peasants everywhere. To commemorate this date, delegates representing distinct countries, beginning at 11am, in the Plaza 14th of September, in Cochabamba, Bolivia, with the proposal that this date not be forgotten, and so that the struggle of peasants becomes stronger. With delegates from throughout the world, the women and the men of La Via Campesina Bolivia commemorate the anniversary of the massacre of 19 peasants that fell struggling for access to land, in the state of Pará, Brazil in 1996. On April 17 1997, after three months of protest for the defense of Mother Earth and for the cultivation of the coca leaf in Bolivia, seven indigenous peasants, including a child and its mother, were massacred. In Cochabamba, thousands of peasants from throughout the world are gathering at the beginning of the week to participate in the Peoples’ Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, invited by President Evo Morales. More than 300 members of La Via Campesina fom around the world will be participating. According to the organizers of the conference, more than 7,500 people have already registered for the conference. Additionally, about 3,000 peasants from La Via Campesina Bolivia are leaving their communities in order to defend peasant agriculture and climate justice. Cochabamba, April 17 2010: Peasants, women and men from farmers organisations throughout the world, members of La Via Campesina, celebrate the 17th of April as the International Day of Peasant Struggle, and reaffirm their vow to intensify the mobilization for the rights of peasants everywhere. To commemorate this date, delegates representing distinct countries, beginning at 11am, in the Plaza 14th of September, in Cochabamba, Bolivia, with the proposal that this date not be forgotten, and so that the struggle of peasants becomes stronger. With delegates from throughout the world, the women and the men of La Via Campesina Bolivia commemorate the anniversary of the massacre of 19 peasants that fell struggling for access to land, in the state of Pará, Brazil in 1996. On April 17 1997, after three months of protest for the defense of Mother Earth and for the cultivation of the coca leaf in Bolivia, seven indigenous peasants, including a child and its mother, were massacred. In Cochabamba, thousands of peasants from throughout the world are gathering at the beginning of the week to participate in the Peoples’ Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, invited by President Evo Morales. More than 300 members of La Via Campesina fom around the world will be participating. According to the organizers of the conference, more than 7,500 people have already registered for the conference. Additionally, about 3,000 peasants from La Via Campesina Bolivia are leaving their communities in order to defend peasant agriculture and climate justice. The International Peasant’s Movement La Via Campesina invites the media to a candle light vigil and symbolic action tomorrow 10 December 2009 at 6pm at Gammeltorv – Nytorv (Copenhagen city center). Farmers from around the world are affected by climate change – droughts and floods are destroying their land and crops . But these farmers are also extremely seriously affected by the false solutions currently negotiated at the UNFCCC: carbon trading, land evictions in the name of REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation), agrofuels, climate-ready genetically modified seeds… Peasants and small farmers from Asia, Africa, America and Europe will light candles and stage a symbolic action to kick off their mobilizations in Copenhagen. La Via Campesina is an international movement which brings together millions of peasants, small producers, landless people, agricultural workers and rural women and youth around the world. Our movement is made up of 150 member organisations active in 70 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas.

steps: - task: NodeTool@0 inputs: versionSpec: $(node_version) displayName: 'Install Node.js' - bash: | yarn yarn run build ls -lhR bin ls -lhR lib displayName: 'Install and build' - script: | cd packages/pkg-tests yarn displayName: 'Install the acceptance tests' - script: | cd packages/pkg-tests yarn jest yarn --reporters=default --reporters=jest-junit displayName: 'Run the acceptance tests' - task: PublishTestResults@2 inputs: testResultsFiles: '**/junit.xml' testRunTitle: $(os_name) Node $(node_version) displayName: 'Publishing the test results' condition: always()

772 N.W.2d 268 (2009) IN RE Z.M. No. 09-0289. Court of Appeals of Iowa. July 2, 2009. Decision without published opinion. Affirmed.

Make music faster A cloud based browser organizes content into 3 levels: Product Lines, Kits, and Loops. Search by keyword or tags, hear audio previews in your session’s key and tempo, download only what you want directly inside your plugin. Plus, a dedicated section for your own loops. No need to search websites or folders. A cloud browser organizes content into 3 levels: Product Lines, Kits, and Loops. Everything just works. Search by keyword or tags, hear audio previews in your session's key and tempo, download only what you want directly inside your plugin.

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Unfortunately its not my feeder, it's set up at the wetlands trust in the woodlands area. I used to have a bird feeder and table in the garden until the next door nightmares brought in a bird murdering moggy. Now putting food out for the birds here is tantamount to baiting the trap. (Actually, I do love cats and certainly can't blame the cats for just doing what comes naturally to them. ) The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense. Very nice Dug. Zooming in shouldn't affect the graininess, unless you are cropping or increasing the exposure levels in post processing. It might be your camera is using a high ISO setting if you are shooting in auto mode. If you set the max ISO to the 400 mark, you should be able to eliminate much of the noise, or shoot on a slow shutter speed with the camera braced. We're expecting some snow down here tomorrow so I might try and get a shot or two before it gets walked over (assuming it settles, that is, and I can pull myself out of my nice warm bed). The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense. Penners it a bridge camera not a DSLR if I have the name right ,there is only zoom and a couple of other bits you can do I cropped the 2nd one and it was shot in auto mode maybe it was just the light with the mist that made it look that way. Thanks for the info anyway. He willnae tak' a drink! I think he's deid! , on the other hand though A Midgie in yir hand is worth twa up yir kilt.

# SIP Trace Plugin * [Name](#name) * [Description](#description) * [Dependant Plugins](#dependant-plugins) * [Configuration Values](#configuration-values) * [API Functions](#api-functions) * [Callback Functions](#callback-functions) * [Examples](#examples) ## Name ### `nksip_trace` ## Description This plugin allows to trace sent and received SIP messages to console or disk. You can start tracing any specific Service, and for any IP or a specific set of IPs. See the `nksip_trace` option [bellow](#configuration-values). ## Dependant Plugins None ## Configuration Values ### Service configuration values Option|Default|Description ---|---|--- sip_trace|-|Configures tracing for this Service (see bellow) You can use the following options for `nksip_trace`: * `{sip_trace, console}`: Tracing for all IPs will be sent to the console * `{sip_trace, File::string()}`: Tracing will be sent to this file * `{sip_trace, {console, IpSpec::list()}}`: Trace to console, but only for this IPs (see bellow) * `{sip_trace, {File::string(), IpSpec::list()}}`: Trace to file, but only for this IPs (see bellow) IpSpec can be an IP (like `"10.0.0.1"`), list of IPs (like `["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2"]`) or a regular expression or list of regular expressions (like `["10.0.0.1", "^11.*"]`) Tracing will be much faster if you don't use IP filtering. ## API functions ### get_all/0 ```erlang get_all() -> [{App::nksip:srv_name(), File::console|binary(), IpList::all|[binary()]}]. ``` Get all Services currently tracing messages. ### start/0 ```erlang start() -> [{nksip:srv_name(), ok|{error, term()}}]. ``` Equivalent to `start(AppId, console, all)` for all started Services. ### start/1 ```erlang start(App::nksip:srv_id()|nksip:srv_name()) -> ok | {error, term()}. ``` Equivalent to `start(AppId, console, all)` for a started Service. ### start/2 ```erlang start(App::nksip:srv_id()|nksip:srv_name(), File::file()) -> ok | {error, term()}. ``` Equivalent to `start(AppId, File, all)` for a started Service. ### start/3 ```erlang start(nksip:srv_id()|nksip:srv_id(), file(), ip_list()) -> ok | {error, term()}. ``` Configures a Service to start tracing SIP messages. Under the hood, it calls `nksip:update/2` to modify the Service configuration and include the corresponding `nksip_trace` option. ### stop/0 ```erlang stop() -> ok. ``` Stop all tracing processes, closing all open files. ### stop/1 ```erlang stop(App::nksip:srv_id()|nksip:srv_name()) -> ok | {error, term()}. ``` Stop tracing in a specific Service, closing trace file if it is opened. ### print/1 ```erlang print(Msg::nksip:request()|nksip:response()) -> ok. ``` Pretty-print a `nksip:request()` or `nksip:response()`. ### print/2 ```erlang print(Tag::string()|binary(), Msg::nksip:request()|nksip:response()) -> ok. ``` Pretty-print a `nksip:request()` or `nksip:response()` with a Tag. ## Examples ```erlang nksip_trace:start("my_app", "/tmp/1.trace", ["10.0.0.1", "^11.*"]). ``` or using the Service configuration file: ```erlang nksip:start("my_app", nksip_callbacks, [], [ {plugins, [nksip_trace]}, {sip_trace, {"/tmp/1.trace", ["10.0.0.1", "^11.*"]}}]). ``` removing the trace: ```erlang nksip:update("my_app", [{plugins, []}]). ```

[Breast reconstruction with free flap of gracilis]. Breast reconstruction with free flap of gracilis has been described since 2004. The procedure consists in harvesting a flap made of the gracilis muscle and a transverse cutaneous paddle originating from the internal root of the thigh. The pedicle of the flap is the main pedicle of the gracilis muscle. After weaning, the vessels are anastomosed to the internal thoracic artery and vein. The modeling of the breast is done by folding the cut points in front of the muscle to obtain the shape of a cone. This surgical technique allows the realization of autologous breast reconstructions of small to medium size, immediate or delayed, unilateral or bilateral.

Along with Misty Knight, who appeared in comics the same year (1975), Storm (Ororo Munroe) is one of the first female black comic book superheroes. While the character has a messy history sometimes, as the result of mostly being written by white men throughout a majority of her existence, she is still, along with Black Panther, one of the most important black characters. Which is why her live-action counterparts have been some of the most hotly debated casting choices. Halle Berry was cast as Storm in the first X-Men film and if you speak to any black person about that choice, even ones who didn’t care about comics, they will tell you it was because Halle was the black female celebrity at the time. She’d just come from winning a Golden Globe and an Emmy for Introducing Dorothy Dandridge, and it catapulted her onto the national stage. So in 2000, she was the perfect choice for a mainstream studio. Angela Bassett was originally up for the role, but she declined, much to the chagrin of people everywhere (and this makes her casting in Black Panther extra delicious). Storm in the X-Men films is basically a non-entity. She is boring, dull, and uninteresting, which isn’t the fault of Halle Berry—but Berry also didn’t bring anything to the role. So when it came out that they were going to be recasting Storm for Age of Apocolypse, people were excited to see Storm done again and done right. For a lot of people, this meant having Storm be a darker-skinned black woman. As we discussed yesterday, calling out colorism in Hollywood, and the choices being made, doesn’t mean we are calling out or dismissing the black experiences of mixed-race or lighter-skinned black women. However, it means being aware that there are biases in place. Halle Berry is a mixed-race woman (white mother/black father), and the actress chosen to take up the mantle of playing a younger Storm was 26-year-old Alexandra Shipp, who is also mixed-race (white mother/black father). While this made sense because Shipp was supposed to be playing a young version of Berry’s Storm in whatever weird time-warp sense this whole X-Men Universe is, people were disappointed. While Storm’s complexion has changed over the years and depending on the artist, recent versions have made it clear that she is on the darker side complexion wise. Somewhere between Gabrielle Union and Lupita if you need a reference. As Storm is one of the most powerful and most desirable women in the Marvel Universe (list of people crushing on Storm includes Wolverine, Magneto, Thor, Loki, and Doctor Doom), to have her be dark-skinned in a society that created phrases like “you’re pretty for a dark girl” would be unbelievably powerful . So now that Disney has control of Fox, people have already been thinking about ways to bring Storm and Thor together for much lightening play (please, please, please) and that led to a conflict between people on Twitter, and Shipp. I woild LOVE this! Bring it on 💪🏾 https://t.co/KKVRaKfJ8I — Alexandra Shipp (@AlexShipppp) December 14, 2017 Well said my dear friend 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾 https://t.co/rJl2xGhUdu — Alexandra Shipp (@AlexShipppp) December 14, 2017 Agreed. But why go after an actor? What good does that bring?Wouldn’t talking to one and getting them to see your side without offending them work better? Take it up with someone who can do something!Cuz I’m never turning down a role to make other ppl feel comfortable EVER. https://t.co/U25bUHSpZf — Alexandra Shipp (@AlexShipppp) December 14, 2017 You wanna know what I’ve found interesting? That 90% of the racism I’ve experienced in my lifetime has been at the hands of fellow black people. It’s crazy! Why do this? Why tell a woman she’s not enough because YOU THINK SO?? — Alexandra Shipp (@AlexShipppp) December 14, 2017 You guys act like i dont want every skin tone represented on TV smh who would ever want that? This conversation about Storm is so stupid, I’m out. Y’all don’t know me and probably never will. If i lose my job to another actress, i hope it’s for her talent and grace, not her skin. — Alexandra Shipp (@AlexShipppp) December 14, 2017 Now, I understand Shipp’s anger about being called out for being “racially ambiguous,” because she most certainly is not and neither is Halle, but the frustration isn’t directed at Shipp. It is directed a society that takes one of the few positive black female African characters, and lightens her constantly. Black comic book fans have been fighting to maintain Storm’s blackness for decades, and deserve to be recognized. We cannot pretend that there aren’t perceptional differences between African-Americans and black Africans—and that there isn’t a reason that a majority of the female black stars we have today are lighter-skinned or mixed-race women. Again, that isn’t the fault of the actresses, but if they dismiss all conversation around the issue as hate, then nothing can be done. I recognize that Shipp is young, and an actress, and she is not going to stop her career, which is just now picking up, and turn down roles because of colorism. However, that doesn’t make the conversation about Storm stupid. It is not stupid to want one of the most important, most powerful, and most beloved black female characters to be dark-skinned. Especially when she is. Black Panther can’t be the only place where a range of blackness is shown in comic book movies. (image: Fox) Want more stories like this? Become a subscriber and support the site! —The Mary Sue has a strict comment policy that forbids, but is not limited to, personal insults toward anyone, hate speech, and trolling.— Have a tip we should know? [email protected]

SEMA Member News - July/August 2009 An Interview With Outgoing Street Performance Council Chairman Eric Breslow Technology has changed the way the automotive specialty-equipment market functions and has affected every member of SEMA. The Internet Symposium is designed to walk even novice members through the mysteries and pitfalls of the Internet. The Street Performance Council (SPC) has gone through some significant changes during the tenure of outgoing Chairman Eric Breslow. Several new programs and events have been added, including the SEMA Internet Symposium, an SPC reception during the SEMA Show, and a number of consumer and jobber focus panels. Changing the council name from Sport-Compact Council to Street Performance Council was among the most dramatic. We recently spoke with Breslow about how the council has morphed over the past few years. SEMA Member News: What brought about the SPC’s name change? Eric Breslow: As the niche matured into a mainstream product group, the traditional definition of a “sport compact” car became blurred. Was a Dodge Neon a sport-compact car? How about a Mustang GT? The same manufacturers and jobbers selling Honda parts were also selling products for those models. The name Sport-Compact Council simply didn’t illustrate who our group is. Street Performance Council does in its true and descriptive nature. Our members are the supply chain that manufactures, distributes and markets street-performance parts. Our new name allows us to expand our membership and not be classified as just one specific thing. The larger member base also increases our leverage within SEMA to continue to bring the most innovative and cutting-edge benefits to our membership. SMN: What was the idea behind the Internet Symposium? EB: As most people are now aware, technology has changed the way our market functions. Whether it be the way consumers find information about products, forum discussions, eCommerce, consolidation of the retailer and subsequent margins and new ways of cataloging data, the Internet has affected every single member of SEMA. The Internet Symposium was designed to walk even our most novice members through the mysteries and pitfalls of the Internet. Using top education providers, we answer questions that are industry relevant and help members enhance their online presence. It is a program that is designed by members for members, with only production support from the association. This peer-to-peer approach ensures that our content stays relevant and has maximum value to the membership. SMN: Why have a reception during the SEMA Show? EB: The cornerstone of SEMA is networking. Our reception allows us to recognize industry companies and individuals with our annual SPC awards and gives members a chance to meet their peers in a fresh and contemporary lounge setting. Again designed completely by SPC volunteers, the reception gears itself to our younger demographic. SMN: What is the purpose of the focus panels? EB: The focus panels are an amazing and under-utilized concept. For individual members to put on focus groups would cost thousands of dollars. In this scenario, we travel to large events and invite consumers to sit with manufacturers. Both sets of participants have handheld computers with which they answer various questions and then compare their answers at the end of the session. It’s always amazing how few times the manufacturers can “guess” what the consumers will say. This kind of real-time interaction gives marketing directors a chance to redirect campaigns to be more relevant for the market. SMN: In closing, looking back at your time as chair, what do you feel was your greatest accomplishment? EB: Several years ago, we had a council that was heavily focused on one project: racers against street racing. That project later became part of the bigger SEMA charitable organization and left the SPC with no significant member benefits. When I ran for the chair position, it was to get in and make sure that if SEMA members joined our council and paid the dues, they got a return on that investment. That’s all that was important to me. Not only have we met that goal, but by changing the name and having exceptional volunteers on our Select Committee, we have a secure, long-term direction and will continue that momentum for years to come. It was a very fulfilling experience.

Just organizing some past work on tumblr that Iv’e posted through instagram before. So I decided to show some avatar love with some of the personal pixel animations I did re-creating the Korra open.

Alexander Krivets Alexander Yeliseyevich Krivets (September 12, 1919 – January 27, 1992) was a Hero of the Soviet Union and a participant in the Soviet partisan movement during World War II. Biography Alexander Krivets was born on September 12, 1919 in the village of Pisky, in what today is the Bobrovytsia Raion of the Chernihiv Oblast. He was enrolled in the local elementary and middle school in 1927. In 1934, following the completion of his studies, he enrolled in the year-long preparatory courses at the USSR Ministry of Food Production's Bila Tserkva Agricultural Institute of Sugar Production (Russian: Белоцерковский сельскохозяйственный институт сахарной промышленности), where from 1935 to 1940 he would attend classes in the school's agronomy department (Diploma No. 309596). In 1936, he became a trade-union member and a member of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (VLKSM). Finishing his studies at the institute in 1940, he then followed the call of the VLKSM's central committee and volunteered, as a Komsomol member with a higher education, to study at the Moscow Red Star Military College of Aviation Technology (Russian: Московское Военное Краснозвёздное авиационное техническое училище). There, his focus was on the use of air-navigation equipment in military planes, and he graduated with distinction in 1941, qualifying as an aircraft technician and receiving the title of Sergeant. Being a top student, he was given the right of choosing where to serve, and was sent to the 254th aviation regiment of the 36th aviation division, where he was to be a squadron technician and to work with the planes’ air-navigation equipment. In August 1941, the regiment's commander, P. M. Petrov, officially granted Krivets the military title of Technician-Lieutenant (Russian: техник-лейтенант) – he would later be granted the title of Captain in 1944 (Military ID GI No. 116300). The division was based in Kiev, but the regiment was soon deployed to the airfield by the village of Vil’shanka, in the Vasylkiv Raion of the Kiev Oblast. It was deployed many times thereafter (to Vasylkiv, Brovary, Semypolky, and Boryspil), and with the front's approach was rebased close to the city of Yahotyn, in the Kiev Oblast. It was there that, as part of the Southwestern Front, the regiment found itself caught in the great encirclement of Kiev, with the regiment headquarters and its archives destroyed as a result. Attempts to escape the encirclement were unsuccessful. In November 1941, Krivets was able to make it out and reach Pisky, where in the December of the same year there was created an anti-fascist underground organization to prepare for open, armed partisan warfare in the Nova Basan’ Raion (now Bobrovytsia). The organization consisted of 35 people and was led by I. A. Golovko, with Krivets acting as his deputy. By March 1942, the group completed its collection and organization of weapons, ammunition, messengers, and secret meeting places, and in the November of that year was given the name “the Shchors detachment”. Krivets was elected as the detachment's commander during its general assembly, with I. Golovko and I. Sidorenko chosen as the commissioner and headquarters chief, respectively. According to the German war archives, the partisan group started actively carrying out military operations in the beginning of July 1942. In its attempts to destroy the detachment, the Wehrmacht would organize a series of large-scale roundups with the use of both ground and air forces. According to the reports delivered to the operational-rear commander of Army Group South by the forces of the SD , SS , gendarmerie , and various garrison command centers: “It is becoming more and more evident that the bands in the region to the north of Kiev benefit from military organization. The 213th Security Division (Wehrmacht) is currently using a strengthened battalion to carry out an operation in the Nova Basan’ region, after which, from July 27 on, there will follow a joint action on the part of the 213th Rear-Security Division and the Hungarian 8th Rear-Security Army in the region to the northeast of Kobyzhcha. Krivets had been arrested in March 1942. Two days later, he would be taken out under police escort to be delivered to the Gestapo, but would be rescued by his comrades while en route. On July 15, 1942, the following report was delivered to the operational-rear commander of Army Group South: “The partisans are in Pisky, 10 kilometers northwest of Nova Basan’, in the Chernihiv Oblast. Six armed partisans burst in on the starosta in Pisky... One member of the police was injured, another one killed. The partisans escaped. The gendarmerie of Bobrovytsia was able to establish their surnames. Their family members were arrested. The investigation is ongoing.” Under the direction of the regional mayor, I. L. Dyachenko, who also headed the police in Nova Basan’ and Pisky, the partisans’ relatives were arrested for having connections to and aiding the partisan detachment, and were then executed. Among them were Krivets's father and sixteen-year-old brother (according to the Bobrovytsia regional archives, the father and brother were not executed but sent to work in Germany). The partisans’ attempts to capture the mayor were not successful. Later that year, he disappeared without a trace. The detachment grew quickly. By the end of 1942, it already counted 117 members (according to data from the archives, however, the detachment only had 35-40 members as of January 1, 1943). According to the German reports (File 232, p. 28): “June 1943. The northern part of the operative region of the Pereyaslav local command center is under strengthened offensives from two partisan detachments. Presumably, they have connections to Kohan’s motorized band[3], part of which is located beyond the operational-rear region under and north of Nova Basan’.” “Army Group Centre does not have the strength and means to destroy this band in joint effort with the forces of the operational-rear region.” “Kohan’s motorized detachment, which carries out some of its actions in regions north of the Nova Basan’ settlement and outside Army Group South's operational zone, is delivering all-out attacks on the garrison command centers with the use of vehicles that they have, through persistent raids, seized from our rear units.” According to the commander of the partisan detachment formation in the Kiev Oblast, I. F. Cheburnov – the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) central committee’s authorized representative on the occupied territory – the Shchors detachment acted heroically throughout 1943, all the way up to its joining with the subdivisions of the Red Army in the September of that year. Information regarding the military and political work of the detachment are available in the detachment’s own records, which were verified and stored in the CPU central committee’s Ukrainian Partisan Movement Headquarters, Russian: Украинский штаб партизанского движения) and Marx-Lenin Institute archives. A significant portion of the partisans (approximately 200 fighters) received government awards for their courage and valor in the battle against the German fascist invaders. With a decree effective from January 4, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR would issue to Krivets, the detachment’s commander, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, presenting him with the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union) and the Gold Star, for his “exemplary execution of commanding duties against the enemy’s rear in the battle against the German fascist invaders, bravery and heroism, and major contributions to the development of the partisan movement in Ukraine.” On August 21, 1943, the USSR Council of People's Commissars (SNK, Russian: Совет народных комиссаров) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's (CPSU) central committee issued a resolution “with regard to certain measures related to the restoration of the national economy in regions liberated from the German occupation”. As a result, in the beginning of 1944, Krivets – under the orders of the CPU central committee – was sent as a specialist with a higher education in the field of sugar production to assist with the restoration of a Smila sugar refinery, where he was appointed as the director. Later, he would serve as the director of the sugar refineries in Horodyshche-Pustovarivs’ke and Talne. He would also, from 1950 on, serve as the deputy head of the Ukrainian SSR’s Main Directorate of Sugar Production (Russian: Главное Управление сахарной промышленности УССР) and, after the directorate’s reform, would serve continuously from 1953 to 1980 as the deputy manager of the Kiev beet sugar trust – serving as the trust’s chief agronomist, manager, and, following the reorganization of the trust into an association, the general director of the Kiev Sahprom (Russian: Сахпром) association. From 1982, he would work as a senior researcher at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet (Russian: Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт сахарной свёклы). In 1945, Krivets was a delegate to the first World Federation of Democratic Youth, held in London, where he was the flag bearer for the Ukrainian SSR during the opening ceremony in the Royal Albert Hall. He was a member of the Communist Party from 1945, and would be elected to serve as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR. For many years, he would be elected both as an alternate and a member of the Kiev Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and as a member of the Kiev Oblast Soviet of People’s Deputies (Russian: Киевский областной совет народных депутатов). He successfully defended his dissertation and in 1974 was awarded the Candidate of Sciences in Economics by the USSR Council of Ministers’ Higher Attestation Commission (Diploma of Economics No. 000588). He would publish a total of ten academic works. In 1973, he published his memoirs in a novel titled Via Crimson Roads (Russian: «Багряными дорогами»), written in Ukrainian and published by the Ukrainian Political Literature Press (Russian: Политиздат Украины). Stripping and Return of the Hero of the Soviet Union title In 1978, the Moscow writer Arkadiy Yakovlevich Sahnin invited Krivets for a meeting, having introduced himself as a special correspondent of the newspaper Pravda. The meeting took place in July in the Kiev hotel “Teatralnaya” (Russian: «Театральная»), where Sahnin informed that there were insistent demands from comrades in the CPSU central committee apparatus to have I. L. Dyachenko's (see above) image rehabilitated – namely, they wanted him declared as having been one of the members of the partisan underground. The pressure stemmed from his influential relatives, whose advancement up the career ladder was being hindered by his past connections with the occupational forces. In 1979 and 1980, articles published in Literaturnaya Gazeta exposed Krivets's reportedly false claims about the actions of the partisan detachment. Soon, the CPSU central committee's Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (KPK) received a phone call from the general secretary, after which Krivets was summoned to a KPK meeting. The commission would investigate the relevant documents and collect information about Krivets from eyewitnesses and other members of the partisan movement. Consequently, he was expelled from the Party, with the decree to strip Krivets of the Hero of the Soviet Union title and the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, First Class signed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR a few days later (effective February 28, 1980). The battle for the honor of the Shchors detachment partisans, dead and alive, went on for over a decade. In the end, a group of former partisans turned to the People's Court (Soviet Union) of Moscow's Sokolnicheskiy district – in accordance with the defendants’ place of residence – to take legal action against Sahnin and the editorial board of Literaturnaya Gazeta. The court accepted the accusations, found them to be just, and obligated Literaturnaya Gazeta to openly refute the previous articles. On September 15, 1991, the newspaper informed its readers, in its “Rights and Morals” (Russian: «Мораль и право») section, that what was presented in the articles of 1979 and 1980 did not match reality. The author of the articles and the newspaper's editorial board presented their apologies. Under the decree issued by the president of the USSR and effective on July 16, 1991, the Presidium's decree of February 28, 1980 stripping Krivets of the Hero of the Soviet Union title was annulled. On August 29, the head of the secretariat of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU), the chairman of the ZSU Presidium's Commission of Government Awards (Russian: Комиссии Президиума ВС Украины по государственным наградам), N. G. Homenko, handed to Krivets the Order of Lenin, the Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, First Class, the Gold Star, the Hero of the Soviet Union certificate and booklet, and his booklet of awards. Krivets died on January 27, 1992. He was buried with military rites in the Baikove Cemetery. Legacy In the memorial complex “The National Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” (Russian: «Национальный музей истории Великой Отечественной войны 1941—1945 годов») in Kiev, there is an exhibition with a stand dedicated to “Alexander Yeliseyevich Krivets, Hero of the Soviet Union”. Awards • Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union (1944) • Order of Lenin (1944) • Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, First Class (1945) • Order of the Badge of Honour (thrice – 1958, 1966, 1973) • Certificate of Honor from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR (Russian: Почётная грамота Президиума Верховного Совета УССР) (1969) • Order of the October Revolution (1971) • Medal "To a Partisan of the Patriotic War" (Russian: Медаль «Партизану Отечественной войны»), First Class (1944) • Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (Russian: Медаль «За победу над Германией») (1945) • “Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War” Medal (Russian: Медаль «За доблестный труд в Великой Отечественной войне») (1946) • Medal "For the Defence of Kiev" (Russian: Медаль «За оборону Киева») (1964) • “Twenty Year Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War” Medal (Russian: Медаль «20 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне») (1965) • Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (Russian: Медаль «50 лет Вооружённых Сил СССР») (1968) • Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (Russian: Медаль «В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина») (1970) • “Twenty-Five Year Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War” Medal (Russian: Медаль «25 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне») (1970) • “Thirty Year Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” Medal (Russian: Медаль «30 лет Победы в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.») (1975) • USSR VDNH Silver Medal (twice – 1967, 1970) • USSR VDNH Gold Medal (1974) • “Top Performer in the USSR Ministry of Food Production’s Socialist emulation” Badge (Russian: Знак «Отличник Социалистического соревнования МПП СССР») (twice – 1973, 1975) • “Udarnik of the Ninth Five-Year Plan” Badge (Russian: Знак «Ударник 9-й пятилетки») (1975) References • T. A. Strokach, Naš pozyvnyj – svoboda. Politvydav Ukrayiny, 1975. • M. Kanjuka, “The stolen star” (Russian: «Украденная Звезда»), Kto vinovat, No. 12, 1991. • “Nahorody poverneno”, message from Ukrinform, Sil's'ki visti, August 30, 1991. • M. Tkachenko, “The truth won" (Pravda vostorzhestvuvala), Desnjans'ka Pravda, September 3, 1991. • M. Kanjuka, “The stolen star” (Russian: «Украденная Звезда»), Nezavisimost, September 23, 1998. • I. Vetrov, “In the tough years too we preserve our honor” (Russian: «И в трудные годы честь храним»), Rabochee slovo, November 7, 1991. • V. Vezhnyn, “The stolen star”, Chreščatyk, November 14, 1991. • A. Tovkač, “This is the way to the truth (Takyj šljach do pravdy)”, Trudova slava, December 10, 1991. • S. Chernyak, “Letter to the chief editor”, Kto vinovat, No. 1, 1992. • A. Burlyga, Memories of a Friend (Russian: «Память о друге») (memoirs). Moscow, May 1995. Category:1919 births Category:1992 deaths

Monday, December 17, 2012 For more than a half century, Luis La Rosa and Harry Henry have left their homes before dawn each workday in the communist-run city of Guantánamo, where old American cars rumble past posters of the Castro brothers in a Cold War time warp, climbed into taxis and traveled to the U.S. military base at Guantánamo Bay, where troops shop at a Wal-Mart-like store and eat at McDonald's and Subway. The commute takes less than an hour but spans two worlds and a heavily guarded border fence. Now it is coming to an end. La Rosa, a 79-year-old welder who works at the base's motor pool, and Henry, an 82-year-old office worker, are retiring at the end of the month. They were honored Friday at a retirement ceremony. The close friends, who have a kind of celebrity status on the base, are the last of what were once hundreds of Cubans commuting daily to work at this isolated U.S. military installation. For them, it is a bittersweet moment - a severing of one of the last real links between Cuba and the U.S. Navy base that has been an unwelcome presence on the island for generations.

25User Rating: 2 out of 5 Review title of Agent One18 A busted, imbalanced game, with potential Has some genuine potential, but borderline unplayable at times, in its current state. As a survivor, it tends to be an uphill battle, since you can have enemies and traps spawn directly on you. If the Mastermind player knows what they're doing in the slightest, they can easily exploit the game, and make it virtually impossible for Survivors to get through. If the Mastermind uses a tyrant, more often than not, Survivors should and do phone it in, because, while the tyrant is only a timed usage B.O.W., it can't be damaged, stunned, or killed; when one knows how to use it, it more or less is a game-ender. With more variety (which there will be, in the full release), and some mechanical tweaks, this has the potential to be an enjoyable game. Unfortunately, what's available right now, is a broken, often frustrating mess.

. . . student loan defaults have overtaken those for all other types of debt. America’s total student loan debt is now nearly $1.2 trillion. One reason the burden is difficult to pay off, Fed researchers wrote: “Student debt is not dischargeable in bankruptcy like other types of debt … Delinquent or defaulted student loans can stagnate on borrowers’ credit reports.” The number of student borrowers almost doubled over ten years. The surge is fueled by more people borrowing — and borrowing larger amounts. The number of borrowers rose 92 percent between 2004 and 2014, according to the Fed researchers. The average student loan balance grew 74 percent. ——— Danielle Paquette, “Americans are having more trouble paying off their student debt than their houses”, Washington Post, February 19, 2015. … Primarily because of the recent growth in enrollment in the program, projected long-term revenues from the federal direct student loan portfolio were reduced by almost $22 billion compared with the best guess from the previous year…. That’s a big quasi-bailout, increasing the deficit nearly 5 percent. The White House budget office was unaware of any larger re-estimates since the current scoring rules for credit programs went into effect in 1992. As a January Politico Magazine feature on the government’s unusual credit portfolio reported, the Federal Housing Administration has stuck more than $75 billion worth of similar re-estimates onto Uncle Sam’s tab over the last two decades, most of them after the recent housing bust led to a cascade of FHA-backed mortgage defaults. But it’s never had a one-year shortfall quite as drastic as this. Borrowers are made out to be innocent victims of “circumstances beyond their control”. Regardless of which accounting method is used, the federal government is expecting to write off billions of dollars in future student loan balances under the program in order to reward public service employment and protect borrowers from economic circumstances beyond their control. Eventually both private lenders and the government will be on the hook. The government has already moved to ease some loan terms. It will need to find more, especially for those snookered into paying for degrees worthless in the job market. The private loans, meanwhile, will simply blow up. We may as well start figuring now how graduates, taxpayers, lenders, and schools will split the bill. Taxpayers just took on $22 billion, and there’s probably more to come. It’s borrowers with the smallest balances that are most likely to default on their student loans. College dropouts are more likely to default. … One likely explanation, offered by the New York Fed researchers, is that many Americans with small loan balances are dropouts. They may have attended school for a semester or two without getting a degree. They often don’t end up with the decent-paying job that a college education is supposed to bring, and thus lack the income to repay their debt. Another possibility is that low-balance borrowers attained credentials such as certificates that don’t lead to the kind of jobs and salaries that a bachelor’s degree does. A larger loan balance usually indicates a graduate degree, a credential that generally correlates with a higher salary. By contrast, many borrowers with large loan balances are people who graduated from master’s programs and professional schools—doctors, lawyers—who typically end up with generous salaries. (We said typical, not always. There are plenty of struggling lawyers.) High earners disproportionately take advantage of income-based repayment programs that shift part of their loan burden to taxpayers. So while they have the biggest debts, they’re getting the actual returns on their investment and thus are in position to repay their loans. They also may be the most likely to enroll in income-based repayment programs, which many academics say disproportionately benefit high earners. The “real problem” that needs urgent attention is K-12 education, but President Obama proposes “to spend money on preschool or community college instead of substantive reform of K-12″. Do Kids Need ‘College’ Because High Schools Aren’t Doing Their Job? Mandating “free” thirteenth and fourteenth grades via community college should make one wonder what is going wrong in tenth through twelfth grade that makes two more years of de facto public school now necessary. Only increasing opportunity can reduce poverty. More “free” preschool or thirteenth grade only serves as palliative care for those in poverty. These programs don’t spark real change, as demonstrated from studies from Obama’s own administration. It’s a tacit admission from Democrats that their goal is not to eliminate poverty but to paper over it with politically charged policy. In fact, what would animate the Democratic Party if poverty were significantly reduced? They much prefer the self-satisfaction of saying they care without ever having to produce results. If no one were poor, whom would they have to feel superior to? That’s the problem Democrats won’t be addressing any time soon and it’s the one that deserves this nation’s attention. Institutionalizing children earlier and longer won’t lead to more creativity and innovation, which are the real stimulus of economic growth. Real-world experiences—whether it play when young or entry-level jobs when they’re teens—are being taken off the table while politicians mandate more isolation and testing within the confines of public school. Don’t fall for the bait and switch. It’s time to tackle the real challenge that we are already paying too much for universal education and getting diminishing returns. Even though Head Start produces no long-term benefits, Obama pushes for more of the same. His recent idea of “free” community college only emphasises the failure of our existing K-12 system to produce competent graduates. … More “free” preschool or thirteenth grade only serves as palliative care for those in poverty. These programs don’t spark real change, as demonstrated from studies from Obama’s own administration…. Otto offers only vague ideas for alternative solutions: more real world experiences in the form of less structured child care and entry-level jobs for teens. Those may be helpful, in theory at least. Actually implementing them successfully is a whole other challenge. Poor single parents are not easily trained to properly nurture their children and jobs are not instantly created by government dictum. But if Otto’s ideas are not the best solutions, then “free” preschool and college certainly also fail the test for the best use of taxpayer money. ——— Amy Otto, “President Obama Pushes Pre-K And ‘Free’ College Because He’s Got Jack For K-12″, The Federalist, January 23, 2015. Students who took out big loans for graduate school and those with higher incomes stand the most to gain financially under President Obama’s expansion of the federal government’s loan forgiveness program. Lawyers, doctors and other highly trained professionals who utilized federal loans throughout their post-high school education could walk away with most or all of their graduate school debt forgiven by the federal government under the program, say experts. Graduate students usually get their money’s worth. … Almost regardless of undergraduate major, a graduate degree boosts earning power even further, according to the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. … It asked graduates how they were doing across five different metrics, including financially, physically and socially. Eleven percent of graduates of public universities and private universities said they were “thriving” across all five. Twelve percent of graduates of U.S. News & World Report’s top 100 schools were thriving, essentially the same as the rest. But student loans can cripple well-being. The biggest predictor of whether a graduate wasn’t thriving was whether he or she had student loans. Fourteen percent of those without any debt said they were thriving, compared to 2 percent of those with more than $40,000 of debt. You can’t draw iron-clad conclusions from that, but those figures should be worrisome all the same for anyone thinking about taking on student loans. Takeaway lessons: Going into debt to attend your “dream” school may be detrimental to your well-being. Private school may not be worth the extra money. ADDED: These are the five elements of well-being that were measured in the Gallup survey: Purpose Well-Being: Liking what you do each day and being motivated to achieve your goals Social Well-Being: Having strong and supportive relationships and love in your life One of the slow-rolling and under-reported government debacles is the rising amount of student-loan debt that is guaranteed by taxpayers and will never be repaid. Thanks to the federal takeover of the student-loan market in 2010, the Education Department now stands behind more than $1 trillion in outstanding debt. Less well known is how the same federal government that has promoted and subsidized this debt is also scheming to make sure it doesn’t have to be repaid. Income-based repayment programs are one way for borrowers to shift responsibility over to taxpayers. So-called income-based repayment programs reduce a borrower’s monthly payments and then forgive the remaining principal after a period of years. Graduates who choose the nonprofit and government jobs favored by the President can have their loans forgiven entirely after 10 years. The Obama administration greatly expanded benefits under income-based repayment plans in recent years and has launched efforts to promote them. Enrollments are growing rapidly and now stand at an all-time high. Some 24% of Federal Direct Loan Program balances ($115 billion) that have come due are enrolled in the two most generous plans, Income-Based Repayment and Pay As You Earn. That is up from 14% a little more than a year ago. The number of borrowers using the plans has doubled over that time, to 2.2 million. At the same time, default rates are trending upward. This at a time when the economy is supposedly improving. Student loans are promoted for everyone, regardless of qualifications. And loans are being made easier “not to repay”. This all makes sense, however, when you realize that the student-loan program has been designed to achieve two political goals: Loans should be available to any student, at any school, pursuing any credential; and student debt is bad and burdensome, so it should be easy for borrowers not to repay. Based on these goals, the program is performing quite well for students and the institutions whose coffers swell under such loose lending standards. Loan issuance has grown rapidly in recent years while repayment rates have declined steadily. From the perspective of the taxpayers who must ultimately finance these liabilities, however, the federal student-loan program is performing badly and steadily getting worse. Use and availability of income-based repayment (IBR) schemes, which set repayment expectations at a set percentage of the student borrower’s post-college income, will dramatically increase in 2015. This is because policymakers have narrowly defined the student debt problem as a problem of student borrowers struggling to keep up with payments (i.e., avoid default). Therefore, setting payments at a more affordable level would seem to resolve the problems student debt creates…. William Elliott III Founding Director of the Assets and Education Initiative at the University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare and an expert on student debt Students and parents often find the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to be a little intimidating. The form asks more than 100 questions about family finances and demographic details. The FAFSA is slightly more complicated than the typical federal income tax return. Officially, the form should take less than an hour to complete, but most parents don’t have advanced degrees in economics. Some parents want help completing the FAFSA, because they worry that making a mistake on the FAFSA will affect their ability to pay for college, ruining their child’s life forever. Temple University, a large, public college in urban Philadelphia ranked 121 on the US News list of National Universities, offers automatic merit scholarships based solely on grades and test scores. The most generous award is the President’s Scholars, which offers full tuition plus $8,000 in stipends for approved “study abroad, research, internships or other summer academic activities”. Freshmen qualify with the following criteria: High-school GPA ≥ 3.8 SAT CR + Math ≥ 1420 ACT Composite score ≥ 32 Four other scholarships are available, as outlined in the table below. About 40% of entering freshmen receive academic scholarships, and any student with a GPA of at least 3.0 and SAT score of 1150 will receive some level of merit aid. 2015 fall tuition and fees for a 12-hour semester at Temple University are $14,130 for Pennsylvania residents and $24,350 for out-of-state residents. President Barack Obama on Thursday proposed offering free community college nationwide, in effect extending government-funded education from kindergarten through a two-year degree. Federal costs are estimated to be about $6 billion per year, with states picking up some of the tab. Federal funds for the plan would go only to community-college programs the White House deems effective as determined by whether most students graduate and find employment or transfer to four-year schools. Students also would be required to attend at least half time, maintain a 2.5 grade-point average and “make steady progress” to remain eligible. Community college, in effect, would be universal the way high school is. This approach could make the program more popular, as Social Security and Medicare have strong political constituencies in part because all elderly Americans receive them. Will “Free tuition” automatically improve community colleges’ often dismal rates of student success? Federal data show that at two-year colleges, 31 percent of first-time, full-time students graduate within three years. The implicit assumption of free-tuition plans is that the main reason students don’t finish community college is the cost of tuition. Not, say, the fact that somewhere around 50-60 percent of community college students are not college-ready, or that many community colleges are not designed with student success in mind. Color me skeptical that a federally-funded free option will solve all of these problems. To be clear: research shows that tuition prices and grant aid do influence enrollment rates, and we’re learning more about how they influence student success. But the notion that making college free will mechanically improve student outcomes is naïve. Take community colleges in California, where students pay the lowest published tuition in the nation ($1,429 this year). Attendance is essentially free to many students who qualify for Pell Grants. In a 2012 analysis, I found that retention and completion rates across California’s community colleges were above the national average. But completion rates were even higher at two-year colleges in Wisconsin and North Dakota, where tuition is two to three times as high and Pell Grant recipients make up a larger percentage of enrollments than in California. A free option would almost certainly boost enrollment rates. But these cross-state outcomes do suggest that pushing tuition to zero may not be a silver-bullet solution to lackluster student success. … Even if students pass such remedial classes, research shows they’re less likely to graduate than their peers who start directly in college-level classes. Instead of paying for remedial classes that won’t improve the odds of graduating from college, maybe it would be better to focus more effective efforts on finding ways to produce more high school graduates who are college and career ready. ——— Douglas Belkin, Byron Tau, & Colleen McCain Nelson, “Obama Calls for Two Years of Free Community College for All Students”, Wall Street Journal, January 8, 2015. Perry Bacon Jr., “Inside Obama’s Proposal to Make Community College Free and Universal”, NBC News, January 9, 2015. Andrew P. Kelly, “Four reasons to be skeptical about Obama’s free community college proposal”, Forbes, January 9, 2015.

Lana Rose Tee Dress 100% cotton. Unlined. Burnout fabric. Neckline and back cut-outs. Side seam slits. STWA-WD80. CM9024. A California brand with its roots in the bohemian lifestyle, Stillwater, seeks to appeal to the cool girl in all of us. The lines director and fashion industry vet, Lisa Popp, injects elements of simplicity by utilizing a neutral palate in many of the brands designs to nod at a minimalist existence. Stillwater not only exercises mindfulness by way of design, but also through production through recycled materials and sustainable practices.

Best restaurant finding apps for iPhone: Explore different foods all over the world! If you're looking for the best iPhone apps to help you discover amazing cuisine no matter where you are in the world, you've come to the right place! Our iPhones are quickly becoming an easy way to find pretty much anything, and food is no exception. Not only can you book restaurant reservations with Siri, thanks to App Store apps, you can also find amazing places to eat in all corners of the world. No matter was kind of taste you have when it comes to food, these are the absolute best iPhone apps to help you find amazing restaurants almost anywhere! Foursquare Foursquare can help you find pretty much anything and restaurants are one of its specialities. No matter what kind of food you want and no matter where you are, you're bound to find places all around you along with tips from locals. Some places even have menus and prices available as well so you know what to expect before you even get there. I've found countless menu recommendations via Foursquare and also managed to avoid places thanks to the help of locals. The new version of Foursquare also factors in your tastes when providing suggestions, which makes it even faster to find food in a pinch. For an insider perspective on tons of restaurants all over the world, don't leave home without Foursquare. Yelp Yelp offers over 50 million reviews on restaurants and businesses all over the world. Odds are you'll find some of your personal friends on Yelp as well. You can sort restaurants by type, search for specific cuisines, and much more. Once you find a place you're interested in, just like Foursquare, you can typically browse menus and view price ranges right within the app. Many restaurants also offer the ability to make reservations right through Yelp. If you want some of the most trusted restaurant reviews along with info on other types of businesses, check out Yelp. OpenTable OpenTable is a must have if you live in the US, Canada, or Mexico. Not only can you view reviews, menus, and make reservations at over 20,000 different restaurants, you can also book your reservations with the help of Siri. Just tell Siri, or use the OpenTable app, how many people are in your party and when you need a table. Your iPhone and OpenTable can take care of the rest. When it comes to booking reservations quickly, it doesn't get much better than OpenTable. Urbanspoon Urbanspoon not only helps you find different kinds of cuisine, but lets you read reviews and restaurant guides and reviews from people just like you as well as acclaimed food critics. Currently Urbanspoon can help you find restaurants across the US, in Canada, and in select places in Europe such as Britain, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. You can also make reservations directly in Urbanspoon via OpenTable, Dimmi, and BookTable. For a versatile restaurant discovery app that offers reviews and guides from critics as well as locals, you want Urbanspoon. Gogobot Gogobot is one of my favorite travel guide apps partially because it's great at serving up restaurants and other places to eat that I probably wouldn't have found otherwise. I can see reviews, view photos, and more based on my location. For those that like to plan, you can of course search for eats anywhere in the world. You've also got an all-in-on app that not only gives suggestions of what to eat, but where to stay and what attractions are worth seeings. For a travel guide in your pocket that also knows a lot about food, don't forget to load up Gogobot.

The Most Amazing High School Football Circus Catch You’ll See Today Here's what you're about to watch: During a game against Needham's St. Sebastian's School, Kohler managed to hold on to this incredible touchdown catch in double coverage. A clown on a unicycle couldn't have juggled it any better.

Kosher chicken shortage, steep price hikes following closure of one of Canada's two suppliers Kosher chicken shortage, steep price hikes following closure of one of Canada's two suppliers Canadian kosher chicken consumers are facing shortages and steep price hikes following the closure of one of the country’s two suppliers, as efforts get under way to foster new providers. The owner of Toronto-based Chai Poultry closed operations in May, and sold the company’s licence to purchase fowl to a halal processing plant. Now, with only Montreal-based Marvid Poultry left to supply kosher chicken, religious Jews are concerned the trend will continue as the High Holidays approach. “There is certainly less supply, I think that consumers are noticing that,” said Richard Rabkin, spokesman for the Kashruth Council of Canada, the largest kosher certification agency in the country. “Usually economic theory dictates that less supply leads to increases in prices so I think that has indeed been the case,” he said. Chai Poultry owner Charles Weinberg said he spent five years searching for someone to buy his 25-year-old business, which stopped turning a profit about two years ago. Finally, in May, with no buyer in sight, Mr. Weinberg announced his retirement and sold his chicken quota to Milton, Ont.-based Sargent Farms. [related_link] “I’m not proud but I had to make a decision to retire as you get older. I have family, grandchildren,” said Mr. Weinberg. “I don’t want anyone thinking this was done because I wanted to put the community in this position; that’s why I gave the community five years.” Marvid owner Moishe Freidman told the National Post consumers wouldn’t face price hikes or supply shortages and that his factory is prepared to meet the expanded demand, raising the slaughter of about 40,000 chickens in a single shift to 200,000. It’s not panning out that way, says the Kashruth Council, which issued a notice to consumers stating its concern regarding “the supply and selection of kosher poultry in Canada.” Mr. Rabkin said his organization is looking to work with community stakeholders to support any entrepreneurs who want to get into the kosher slaughter trade. Kosher consumers and distributors in Ontario say they are already seeing the impact of having only one supplier but would only speak under the condition of anonymity, fearing negative repercussions within the insular Orthodox community. One woman, a 64-year-old high school teacher in Toronto, contacted the Kashruth Council after a recent trip to Costco showed there were no kosher chickens in stock. “I saw there wasn’t a chicken to be had in the place, I didn’t remember that situation ever occurring before,” she said. She went to grocery chain Metro, only to discover prices had ballooned. “I had never, ever seen a kosher chicken for $18. And that’s when I panicked.” Before, she said, she would spend between $9 and $12 for a regular sized chicken. (In general, kosher meat can cost up to 40% more than regular poultry.) “It wasn’t huge by any stretch of the imagination, I said this is ridiculous, this must be because the competition is so slim now.” The Chicken Board of Ontario is considering stepping in to see if it can do anything to encourage new players into the market, but the head of its national counterpart is wary of the industry’s future. Mike Dungate, director of the Chicken Farmers of Canada, says 95% of kosher chicken buyers are in Toronto and Montreal. He speculates that slaughterhouses are closing due to a lack of demand. “There’s a lot of processors in the country that just don’t do kosher poultry. It’s truly not that big of a market. If it got bigger the market would evolve to provide that choice,” said Mr. Dungate, adding that the turndown is not exclusive to Canadian markets. Several major American kosher slaughterhouses specializing in fowl have ended operations in recent years. A 2012 report on the specialty food market by the ministry of agriculture showed that the North American kosher food market grew 15% year-over-year in the past decade, with roughly $200-billion in kosher certified food products sold annually to approximately 15 million customers. Most of that growth stems from the prepared foods market. Kosher fowl makes up a relatively small portion of the $6-billion Canadian poultry industry and it appears to be shrinking. It’s difficult to pinpoint exactly what caused the contraction in the kosher chicken market: Mr. Weinberg declined to say exactly why his company became unprofitable. One possible explanation, suggested by a halal certification agency, is that the kosher market is sagging because Muslim consumers have their own suppliers and are no longer propping it up. “Muslims are allowed to eat kosher meat. There was a lot of demand in the past to use kosher but now they’re using halal,” said Abdulla Ali, the secretary general of Islamic Society of North America. Mr. Weinberg doesn’t buy that argument, along with other kosher experts consulted. “That’s ridiculous,” he said. “There are many reasons why a company stops being able to compete.”

The Awesomer is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more. Logan Zillmer’s Photography Perhaps wanting to escape his “very ordinary” Midwest landscape, Logan Zillmer’s surreal images transform mundane scenes by placing a single striking aberration or repeating a minor one. Learn more about him at My Modern Met.

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Category Archives: Living Delafield The following is the real estate market activity for the last thirty days in Waukesha County Real Estate . Waukesha County Real Estate is great. The following MLS information is for 10/27/2014 to 11/27/2014 In the Waukesha County Real … Continue reading → The following is a real estate market report for the activity for the last thirty days in Delafield Wisconsin Real estate. Delafield Wisconsin Real Estate is outstanding, and Delafield Wisconsin is a great place to live. The following MLS information is … Continue reading → There is a melody that is normal in life; each individual has a defined sense of rhythm and yet, at times, we make a decision to get off the beaten path of life and in our minds create unique melodic daily overtures … Continue reading → The following is a real estate market report for the activity for the last thirty days in Delafield Wisconsin Real estate. Delafield Wisconsin Real Estate is outstanding, and Delafield Wisconsin is a great place to live. The following MLS information is … Continue reading → Living on a Lake, especially Lake Nagawicka is truly something that brings enjoy from the time you get up, until you go to bed. It’s the sunrises and pontoon rides around the lake enjoying sunsets, or if you are a little … Continue reading → Driving along the roads one sees the corn being sold out of the back of trucks. The many pumpkin stands are prevalent in the Waukesha County Real Estate market. Indian corn everywhere, apple cider for sale, lots of fall produce … Continue reading → Buying and selling Real Estate in Waukesha County Wisconsin and being one of the Waukesha County Real Estate agents working in Waukesha County Real Estate has evolved to be a lot more avenues and responsibilities than it did in 1985. … Continue reading →

George Soros set to invest in cryptocurrency, report says Nathan Bomey | USA TODAY Show Caption Hide Caption Betting big on Bitcoin may have backfired Here’s how much you could have lost. George Soros has apparently had a change of heart about cryptocurrency after previously bashing it. The billionaire investor's family fund is set to begin investing in virtual currency, according to a Bloomberg report Friday. Soros Fund Management investor Adam Fisher reportedly received approval to make the move into cryptocurrencies but hasn't yet authorized an investment. The move comes after Soros told journalists in January at the World Economic Forum that "cryptocurrency is a typical bubble" and "it is not a currency," according to the Financial Times. He also said cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin could offer corrupt foreign rulers to "build a nest egg abroad" to hide assets. Frenetic trading activity and public interest caused the price of Bitcoin to soar to above $19,000 in December, but it's since plunged to below $7,000. More: Bitcoin, other digital currencies suffer another big drop as risks rise More: Bitcoin plunges on regulator caution to investors about 'potentially unlawful' platforms More: Bitcoin bubble could be a billion-dollar problem for banks Follow USA TODAY reporter Nathan Bomey on Twitter @NathanBomey.

Article Tools Santa Barbara prosecutors say it’s still “too early” to say what impact Proposition 36 ​— ​the statewide initiative passed last November granting early release to eligible repeat offenders sentenced to life under the state’s Three-Strikes law ​— ​has had despite a new study showing only 2 percent of those released have re-offended. That study, prepared by the NAACP and the Stanford University Law School Three Strikes Project, concluded that only two percent of the third-strikers released under the terms of Prop. 36 had re-offended after 4.4 months. That compares to a 16 percent re-offense rate for non-third-strikers released for the same period of time. Senior prosecuting attorney Hilary Dozer said the program has been in effect such a short time that no meaningful results can be obtained. Statewide, 1,000 inmates ​— ​only those with nonviolent and nonserious third strikes are eligible ​— ​have been released under Prop. 36 with another 2,000 early-release applications still pending. Dozer said figures for Santa Barbara County could not be assembled by press deadline, but he said in southern Santa Barbara County none of the third-strikers have re-offended. Dozer cautioned that most inmates released thus far have been among the least violent based on their prior criminal records and behavior in state prison. Those pending, he said, have more checkered records. Statewide, only 2 percent of inmates seeking early release have been denied. In Santa Barbara, Dozer said South County prosecutors unsuccessfully opposed the release of five. He noted that county prosecutors have sought to inject the mental records of the petitioning inmates into judicial deliberations but with mixed results. Typically, mental records are deemed privileged and confidential. Judge Brian Hill has admitted such records in cases assigned to him, while Judge Jean Dandona has refused to allow them. The authors of the study ​— ​who led the charge to pass Prop. 36 ​— ​concluded there was a dangerous dearth of reentry services to help released third-strikers adjust to life on the outside. Of the 2 percent who have re-offended, the study found that the majority involved minor misdemeanors.

--- abstract: 'Chaotic dynamics with sensitive dependence on initial conditions may result in exponential decay of correlation functions. We show that for one-dimensional interval maps the corresponding quantities, that is, Lyapunov exponents and exponential decay rates, are related. For piecewise linear expanding Markov maps observed via piecewise analytic functions we provide explicit bounds of the decay rate in terms of the Lyapunov exponent. In addition, we comment on similar relations for general piecewise smooth expanding maps.' address: 'School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK' author: - 'Julia Slipantschuk, Oscar F. Bandtlow and Wolfram Just' title: On the relation between Lyapunov exponents and exponential decay of correlations --- Introduction {#sec:1} ============ Chaotic motion accounts on the one hand for the well-known phenomenon of sensitive dependence on initial conditions, that is, exponentially fast divergence of nearby orbits, and on the other hand for the phenomenon of decay of correlations or mixing. Both properties are intimately related with the observation that even low-dimensional chaotic systems share common features with random processes. This intuitive picture has been used as a basis to address some of the fundamental questions arising in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics [@Kryl:79; @Kubo_Sci86; @FaIsVu_PLA90]. In fact, it is a simple exercise to show that topological mixing implies sensitive dependence on initial conditions. At the measure-theoretical level, however, relating Lyapunov exponents, the quantitative measures for sensitive dependence on initial conditions, to decay rates of correlation functions is a more involved task. For instance, it is easy to construct simple maps with finite Lyapunov exponent and arbitrarily small correlation decay (see, for example, a Markov model described in [@Just_PLA90]). Thus, at a quantitative level it is tempting to explore in some detail in which way the rate of correlation decay is linked with Lyapunov exponents, as both quantities are supposed to have a common origin. In more general terms and from a wider perspective this topic can be viewed as belonging to the realm of fluctuation dissipation relations for nonequilibrium dynamics, where one cause, the underlying detailed dynamical structure, is responsible for the approach to the stationary state, that is, for the decay of correlations, but, at the same time, is responsible for fluctuation properties at a microscopic level, or in our context for the sensitive dependence of initial conditions and a positive Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, any relation between decay of correlations and Lyapunov exponents is of great practical interest, as the measurement of Lyapunov exponents, unlike the rate of correlation decay, is notoriously difficult to determine in real world experiments [@Abar:96; @KaSc:97]. In [@Spro:96] it was even suggested to take correlation decay rates as a meaningful approximation for Lyapunov exponents. The problem we want to address can be illustrated by a very basic textbook example, probably considered for the first time more than two decades ago [@BaHeMePo_PRA88]. Consider a linear full branch map (see [Figure \[fig:1\]]{}) on the unit interval $I=[0,1]$, that is, a map $f:I\rightarrow I$ having a finite partition of $I$ into closed intervals $I_k$ with pairwise disjoint interior such that (i) for each $k$, we have $f(I_k)=I$, and (ii) $f$ has constant slope $\gamma_k$ on each $I_k$. The physical invariant measure is given by the Lebesgue measure and the Lyapunov exponent with respect to this measure can be expressed in terms of the slopes $$\label{aa} \Lambda = \sum_k |I_k| \ln|\gamma_k|,$$ with $|I_k|=1/|\gamma_k|$ denoting the size of the interval $I_k$. The exponential rate of decay for correlation functions is determined by the negative logarithm of the second largest eigenvalue in modulus of the associated Perron-Frobenius operator. In this setting it is well known (see, for example, [@MoSoOs_PTP81]) that eigenfunctions of the Perron-Frobenius operator are given by polynomials and that the corresponding eigenvalues $\nu_m$ can be expressed as $$\label{ab} \nu_m = \sum_k \frac{1}{|\gamma_k|} \frac{1}{\gamma_k^{m}} = \sum_k |I_k| \frac{1}{\gamma_k^{m}} \,\qquad (m \geq 0),$$ with largest eigenvalue $\lambda_0=\nu_0=1$ and the subleading eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ being the second largest in modulus, $|\lambda_1| = \max\{|\nu_1|,\nu_2\}$. Thus, correlation functions of sufficiently smooth observables decay typically at an exponential rate $\alpha=-\ln|\lambda_1|$. Since $|\lambda_1|\geq \nu_2>0$ we obtain an upper bound for the decay rate $\alpha \leq -\ln \nu_2$ which can now be related to the Lyapunov exponent . If we apply Jensen’s inequality to the convex function $\varphi(x)=-\ln (x)$ we end up with $$\label{ac} \alpha \leq -\ln \sum_k |I_k| \frac{1}{\gamma_k^{2}} \leq \sum_k |I_k| (-\ln \frac{1}{\gamma_k^{2}}) = 2 \Lambda \, .$$ The estimate of the decay rate in has been based on $\nu_2$ which contains positive terms only, even if the slopes have different signs. As a result the upper bound is given by twice the Lyapunov exponent. If all slopes have the same sign, say $\gamma_k>1$, then $\nu_1$ determines the subleading eigenvalue and the Lyapunov exponent itself yields an upper bound for the decay rate, that is, $\alpha \leq \Lambda$. ![Diagrammatic view of a linear full branch map. \[fig:1\]](fullbranch.eps){width=".30\textwidth"} In this article we will address the question to which extent this simple reasoning can be generalised to a larger class of systems. From a mathematical perspective there is a considerable amount of literature on the existence of invariant measures of one-dimensional maps, the corresponding Lyapunov exponent, estimates for the spectra of the associated Perron-Frobenius operator, and a possible relation between Lyapunov exponents and the decay of correlation functions [@CoEc_JSP04]. Expansiveness of the underlying map $f:I\to I$ is to some extent the key ingredient to establish a physical measure $\mu$, that is, an invariant measure which asymptotically characterises a large set of orbits, or in formal terms an invariant ergodic probability measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesque measure (see, for example, [@Live_AM95; @Kell_IJBC99; @Bala:00; @BrLuSt_ASENS03]). The Lyapunov exponent for a Lebesque typical point $x\in I$ is given by $$\label{eq:Lyapunov} \Lambda = \int_I \ln|f'(x)| d\mu = \lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{1}{n} \ln{|(f^n)^{\prime}(x)|.}$$ Regarding decay rates for correlation functions, a substantial part of the problem consists in giving the notion of the rate of correlation decay a proper meaning (see, for example, [@CoEc_JSP04]). With the standard definition of a correlation function for two observables $\varphi$ and $\psi$, $$\label{CorrelFunc} C_{\varphi,\psi}(n) = \int_I{\varphi(f^n(x)) \psi(x) d\mu} - \int_I{\varphi(x) d\mu} \int_I{\psi(x) d\mu},$$ the exponential decay rate $\alpha_{\varphi,\psi}$ governing the asymptotic behaviour of the correlation function may be formally introduced by $$\label{decaycorr} \alpha_{\varphi,\psi}= \sup\{s:\limsup_{n\rightarrow \infty} |\exp(sn) C_{\varphi,\psi}(n)|<\infty\} \, .$$ The rate $\alpha_{\varphi,\psi}$ is sensitive to the choice of $\varphi$ and $\psi$ and can be made arbitrarily small or large by special choices for the observables [@CraCa_PHYD83]. However, it is possible to define a rate of decay with respect to “typical” observables from some linear space $\mathcal{H}$ $$\label{decayrate} \alpha_{\mathcal{H}} = \inf\{\alpha_{\varphi,\psi} : \varphi,\psi \in {\mathcal{H}}\} \, .$$ We will call this quantity the [*mixing rate*]{}. Note that this rate still depends, for instance, on the degree of smoothness shared by the observables in ${\mathcal H}$. One approach for determining bounds on the mixing rate $\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}$ relies on reformulating in terms of the Perron-Frobenius operator. The rate $\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}$ is then determined by the subleading eigenvalue or by the essential spectral radius of the Perron-Frobenius operator. The desired relation between the Lyapunov exponent and the mixing rate expressed in then becomes a lower bound for the subleading eigenvalue. There is a considerable body of literature on upper bounds for spectral values (see, for example, [@Live_AM95; @Kell_IJBC99; @BrLuSt_ASENS03]) providing useful tools to establish ergodic properties of dynamical systems. However, to the best of our knowledge hardly any nontrivial lower bounds exist (see, however, [@Naud_AnnHP09], where an exponential lower bound for correlation functions of suspension semiflows is given). The main tool to establish the desired inequality consists in studying the properties of the generalised Perron-Frobenius operator $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$ with potential $-\beta \ln|f^{\prime}|,$ $$\label{eq:RPF} (\mathcal{L}_{\beta} h)(x) = \sum_{y \in f^{-1}(x)} \frac{h(y)}{|f^{\prime}(y)|^{\beta}} \, .$$ For $\beta=1$ this expression reduces to the Perron-Frobenius operator which has leading eigenvalue one. The subleading eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ (or the essential spectral radius, if no subleading eigenvalue exists) determines the mixing rate $\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}=-\ln|\lambda_1|$. In addition, the derivative of the largest eigenvalue $\nu_0(\beta)$ of with respect to $\beta$, that is, the derivative of the topological pressure, determines the Lyapunov exponent (see, for example, [@BoRa_PD87] for a basic exposition). Finally, the required estimate follows from the convexity of the topological pressure and gives a lower bound for the subleading eigenvalue of the Perron-Frobenius operator. The main challenge is, of course, to put these ideas into practice. Restricting to piecewise linear Markov maps considerably reduces the need to worry about mathematical subtleties, as the operator $\mathcal{L}_\beta$ admits finite-dimensional matrix representations when considering observables consisting of piecewise analytic functions. Thus, at a computational level all technical details reduce to straightforward matrix manipulations (see [Section \[sec:2\]]{}), allowing us to keep the presentation elementary and, at the same time, making the underlying ideas transparent. To keep the presentation self-contained basic properties of piecewise linear Markov maps together with properties of $\mathcal{L}_\beta$ are summarised in the Appendix. In [Section \[sec:3\]]{} we are addressing the question whether the bounds presented in [Section \[sec:2\]]{} hold for general (non-linear) expanding Markov maps. We have compelling evidence that the estimate breaks down if analytic observables are considered (see also [@ChPaRu_PRL90]), but the validity of our proposition can be restored if observables of bounded variation are considered. Piecewise linear Markov maps {#sec:2} ============================ Let us consider a topologically mixing piecewise linear expanding Markov map $f:I\rightarrow I$ with respect to the partition $\mathcal{P}=\{I_1,\ldots I_N\}$ of the interval $I$ (see Definition \[defn:MarkovMap\] for a formal account). Denote by $f_k:=f_{I_{k}}$ the $k$-th branch of $f$. A nice property of such maps is that the corresponding transfer operators have finite matrix representations. In fact, the space of piecewise polynomial functions of degree less than $M$, that is, the space of functions of the form $x\mapsto \sum_{k=1}^N \sum_{m=0}^M a_{k m} x^m \chi_{k}(x)$, where $\chi_k$ is the characteristic function of the interval $I_k$, is an $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$-invariant subspace. While it appears to be difficult to trace the earliest reference for this result, to the best of our knowledge the first experimentally relevant application appeared in the context of power spectra for intermittent dynamics (see [@MoSoOs_PTP81; @SoYoOkMo_JSP84]). Now, in the natural basis of piecewise monomials, the operator $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$ restricted to the invariant subspace mentioned above is represented by the $(M+1)^N\times (M+1)^N $ block upper triangular matrix $$\label{blockmatrix} \left( \begin{array}{cccc} T^{(00)}(\beta) & \quad T^{(01)}(\beta) & \quad \ldots & T^{(0M)}(\beta) \\ 0 & \quad T^{(11)}(\beta) & \quad \ddots & \vdots \\ \vdots & \ddots & \quad \ddots & \quad T^{(M-1 M)}(\beta) \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 & \quad T^{(M M)}(\beta) \end{array} \right) \, .$$ A calculation similar to the one used to obtain the matrix representation $T^{(0 0)}(1)$ of $\mathcal{L}_1$ on the space of piecewise constant functions (see, for example, [@BoyaGora:97 p. 176]), shows that the matrix elements of the block matrices $T^{(mn)}(\beta)$ are given in terms of the slopes $\gamma_k$, the intercepts $d_k$ of the branches $f_k$ of the map $f$, and the topological transition matrix $(A_{kl})_{1 \leq k,l\leq N}$ induced by $f$ and $\mathcal{P}$ (see ) as follows: $$\label{melements} T_{kl}^{(mn)}(\beta)= \frac{A_{lk}}{|\gamma_l|^\beta \gamma_l^n}\cdot (-d_l)^{n-m} {n \choose n-m} \, .$$ The eigenvalues are determined by the diagonal blocks $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ with matrix elements given by the first factor in . Note that since the underlying map is assumed to be topologically mixing, the matrices $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ are irreducible and aperiodic for even $m$. The Perron-Frobenius Theorem (see, for example, [@Gantmacher:2000 p.53] or [@Lancaster:69 p.536]), now guarantees that $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ has a simple, positive eigenvalue, larger (in modulus) than all other eigenvalues, which we denote by $\nu_m(\beta)$. Now, $\nu_0(\beta)$ determines the topological pressure, given by $P(\beta)=\ln\nu_0(\beta)$, which has the following well-known properties. \[prop:TopPres\] - $P(1) = 0$; - $P(\beta)$ is a convex function of $\beta$; - $P(\beta)$ is analytic in $\beta$; - $P'(1)=-\Lambda$. These properties have been established for a rather large class of dynamical systems (see, for example, [@Kell:98]). In our context, however, they follow easily from the matrix representation above using elementary methods. As an example, we shall derive property (ii). To simplify notation, we shall denote the first block matrix $T^{(00)}(\beta)$ by $T(\beta)$ for the remainder of the argument. Observing that $P(\beta)=\ln \nu_0(\beta)$ is obtained from $\ln \mbox{Tr} \left((T(\beta))^n\right)/n$ as $n$ tends to infinity, convexity of the topological pressure, that is, $$P(\beta_1 (1-t)+ \beta_2 t) \leq (1-t) P(\beta_1) + t P(\beta_2) \qquad (0\leq t\leq 1),$$ follows from a simple estimate using the Hölder inequality $$\begin{aligned} {}& &\frac{1}{n} \ln \mbox{Tr} \left( (T(\beta_1(1-t)+\beta_2 t))^n \right)\nonumber\\ {}&=& \frac{1}{n} \ln \sum_{l_0,l_1,\ldots, l_{n-1}} T_{l_0 l _1}(\beta_1 (1-t) + \beta_2 t) T_{l_1 l _2}(\beta_1 (1-t) + \beta_2 t) \cdots T_{l_{n-1} l _0} (\beta_1 (1-t) + \beta_2 t) \nonumber \\ {}&=& \frac{1}{n} \ln \sum_{l_0,l_1,\ldots, l_{n-1}} \left(T_{l_0 l _1}(\beta_1)\right)^{1-t} \left(T_{l_0 l _1}(\beta_2)\right)^{t} \cdots \left( T_{l_{n-1} l _0}(\beta_1)\right)^{1-t} \left( T_{l_{n-1} l _0}(\beta_2)\right)^{t} \nonumber \\ {}&\leq& \frac{1}{n} \ln \left( \sum_{l_0,l_1,\ldots, l_{n-1}} T_{l_0 l _1}(\beta_1) \cdots T_{l_{n-1} l _0}(\beta_1) \right)^{1-t} \left(\sum_{l_0,l_1,\ldots l_{n-1}} T_{l_0 l _1}(\beta_2) \cdots T_{l_{n-1} l _0}(\beta_2) \right)^t \nonumber \\ {}&=& (1-t) \frac{1}{n} \ln \mbox{Tr} \left((T(\beta_1))^n\right) + t \frac{1}{n}\ln \mbox{Tr} \left( (T(\beta_2))^n \right)\, .\end{aligned}$$ Here we have used that implies $T_{kl}(\beta_1 +\beta_2)= T_{kl}(\beta_1)T_{kl}(\beta_2)$ as well as $T_{kl}(t \beta)=(T_{kl}(\beta))^t$. The other statements of the lemma can be derived in a similar way, or can be found in standard textbooks on ergodic theory. To establish a relation between the correlation decay, that is, between the eigenvalues of the operator for $\beta=1$, and the Lyapunov exponent, note that the largest eigenvalue of the Perron-Frobenius operator is given by $\nu_0(1)=1$, while $\nu_2(1)$ is a positive eigenvalue, which provides a lower bound for the subleading eigenvalue of $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$. Thus, on the one hand $$\label{ba} \alpha_\mathcal{H} \leq -\ln \nu_2(1) \, .$$ On the other hand $T^{(22)}(\beta)=T^{(00)}(\beta+2)$ by , which implies $$\label{bb} \nu_2(\beta)=\nu_0(\beta+2) \, .$$ Hence, using the properties of the topological pressure in Lemma \[prop:TopPres\], the relations and yield $$\label{eq:aH_lambda3} \alpha_\mathcal{H} \leq -P(3)\leq (3-1) \Lambda \, .$$ See [Figure \[fig:TopPressure\]]{} for a graphical illustration of this result. ![Schematic representation of the topological pressure $P(\beta)$ and graphical illustration of the estimates (\[eq:aH\_lambda3\]) and (\[eq:aH\_lambda2\]). \[fig:TopPressure\]](topp.eps){width=".70\textwidth"} Note that if all slopes $\gamma_k$ of $f$ have the same sign, then we have $T^{(11)}(\beta) =\mbox{sign}(\gamma_k)T^{(00)}(\beta+1)$. Thus, we can apply the previous arguments to $|\nu_1(1)|$ to obtain the following improved estimate $$\label{eq:aH_lambda2} \alpha_\mathcal{H} \leq -\ln |\nu_1(1)| = -\ln \nu_0(2) = -P(2)\leq (2-1) \Lambda \, .$$ To summarise, we have shown the following. \[thm:main\] Let $f: I \rightarrow I$ denote a topologically mixing piecewise linear expanding Markov map. If $\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}(D_R)$ denotes a space of piecewise analytic observables (see Appendix, Definition \[def:Hspace\]) then the mixing rate is bounded in terms of the Lyapunov exponent $\Lambda$ with respect to the piecewise constant invariant density, by $$\label{ineq} \alpha_{\mathcal{H}} \leq 2 \Lambda \, .$$ If all slopes have the same sign the sharper estimate $$\label{sharp} \alpha_{\mathcal{H}} \leq \Lambda$$ holds. The assumption that $f$ be topologically mixing is sufficient but not necessary. Indeed, there exist piecewise linear expanding Markov maps $f$ with the following properties: the map $f$ is not topologically mixing, yet exhibits exponential decay of correlations and the conclusions of Proposition \[thm:main\] hold. The simplest examples for which the bounds are achieved are the tent map ($\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}=2\Lambda$) and the doubling map ($\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}=\Lambda$). It is finally worth mentioning that the condition $P(1)=0$, that is, the absolute continuity of the reference measure with respect to Lebesgue measure, is not essential for Proposition \[thm:main\] to be valid. The conclusions also hold, for instance, for certain Gibbs measures with respect to piecewise constant potentials. Remarks on general expanding Markov maps {#sec:3} ======================================== The setup of piecewise linear Markov maps is rather special. One may thus be tempted to ask whether a result like Proposition \[thm:main\] extends, say, to Markov maps with finite curvature. The previous considerations are based on , a result which has been exploited previously in a slightly more restricted setup [@BaHeMePo_PRA88] to conjecture an exact relation between correlation decay and generalised Lyapunov exponents. It has already been demonstrated that such an identity breaks down for maps with finite curvature [@ChPaRu_PRL90]. This fact, taken on its own, however, does not prevent the validity of a generalisation of Proposition \[thm:main\], making a study of how curvature affects the previous considerations a worthy task. Using an Ulam-like construction any expanding Markov map can be approximated by a piecewise linear map (see, for example, [@BaIsSc_AIHP95]). Let $F:I\rightarrow I$ denote a piecewise expanding, but not necessarily linear Markov map with Markov partition $\{I_1,\ldots,I_N\}$. Using the cylinder sets $U_{i_0,\ldots, i_{n-1}} = \cap_{k=0}^{n-1} F^{-k}(I_{i_k})$ we may introduce a piecewise linear approximation $f_n: I\rightarrow I$ by the following construction. The map $f_n$ linearly interpolates $F$ on each cylinder set, that is, $f_n(U_{i_0,\ldots, i_{n-1}}) = U_{i_1,\ldots, i_{n-1}}$ (see [Figure \[fig:Counterexample\]]{}(a)). It is a straightforward exercise to show that the Lyapunov exponent of $f_n$ tends to the Lyapunov exponent of $F$ (with respect to the absolutely continuous invariant measure) as $n$ tends to infinity. However, the analysis of the mixing rate requires greater care. While Proposition \[thm:main\] is still valid for any order $n$ of the approximation, it is far from obvious whether the proposition is valid for a general expanding map. To illustrate this point we consider a simple example, a family of full branch piecewise Möbius maps $F_c$ defined on $[-1,1],$ $$\label{oscarmap} F_c(x)=\frac{1-2(c+1)|x|}{1+2c|x|} \, .$$ We restrict the parameter to $c \in (-1/4,1/2)$, in order to guarantee expansivity. [Figure \[fig:Counterexample\]]{}(a) depicts the map $F_c$ for $c=-0.22$. The leading part of the spectrum of the corresponding Perron-Frobenius operator considered on the space of analytic observables can be approximated using a spectral approximation method. The basic idea of this method is to approximate $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$ by an $n\times n$ square matrix $\Pi_n\mathcal{L}_{\beta}\Pi_n$, where $\Pi_n$ denotes the projector that sends a function to its Lagrange-Chebyshev interpolating polynomial of degree $n-1$. This method is easily implemented and, moreover, it is possible to show (see [@Oscar]) that the eigenvalues of $\Pi_n\mathcal{L}_{\beta}\Pi_n$ converge exponentially fast to the eigenvalues of $\mathcal{L}_{\beta}$. Using this method the leading eigenvalues of the Perron-Frobenius operator and their dependence on $c$ are easily obtained (see [Figure \[fig:Counterexample\]]{}(b)). A minimum for the subleading eigenvalue occurs at about $c=-0.11$. The corresponding numerical value reads $\lambda_1 \approx 0.10415 $ resulting in a mixing rate $\alpha_{\mathcal{H}}=-\ln |\lambda_1| \approx 2.2619$. The corresponding Lyapunov exponent (which hardly depends on the parameter $c$) is computed using the numerical approximation of the invariant density. The numerical value is $\Lambda \approx 0.685$ so that the inequality is clearly violated. $ \hspace{-.08\textwidth} \begin{array}{cc} \includegraphics[width=.65\textwidth]{fig3a.eps} & \hspace{-.12\paperwidth} \includegraphics[width=.65\textwidth]{fig3b.eps} \end{array}$ In order to understand why the reasoning at the beginning of this section fails, that is, why an approximation of the map $F_c$ by a piecewise linear Markov map fails to produce the correct mixing rate, let us consider increasingly finer piecewise linear approximations $f_n$ of the map , see [Figure \[fig:Counterexample\]]{}(a). For each map $f_n$ the Perron-Frobenius operator restricted to piecewise polynomial functions has a finite matrix representation (see ). For the remainder of the section we shall only deal with the case $\beta = 1$ and refer to $T(\beta)$ (and $\nu_m(\beta)$) as $T$ (and $\nu_m$). [Figure \[fig:EVs\_Efunctions\]]{}(a) shows the numerical results for the leading eigenvalues of the diagonal block $T^{(11)}$ and $T^{(22)}$, that is, $\nu_{1}$ and $\nu_{2}$, respectively, for increasing level of approximation $n=1,\ldots,6$. For comparison we display the subleading eigenvalue $\nu^{(subl)}_0$ of $T^{(00)}$ as well. For every level $n$ of approximation, $\nu_{2}$ gives the subleading eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of the Perron-Frobenius operator of the piecewise linear approximation, and these values seem to converge as $n$ tends to infinity. The values and the limit are larger than $\exp(-2\Lambda)$, meaning that the inequality in the Proposition \[thm:main\] is satisfied, as expected. The eigenfunction $u_n:[-1,1]\to \mathbb{R}$ of the corresponding eigenvalue $\nu_{2}$ is a quadratic polynomial on each element of the partition, but it develops an increasing number of discontinuities between different intervals of the increasingly finer partition. These eigenfunctions do not seem to converge to a smooth limit (see [Figure \[fig:EVs\_Efunctions\]]{}(b)). In fact, unlike the invariant density there is no reason why the limit should be smooth. The numerical experiment suggests that we end up with a function of bounded variation. ![Left: (a) Leading eigenvalues $\nu_1$ and $\nu_2$ of the corresponding matrix blocks $T^{(11)}$ and $T^{(22)}$ for a piecewise linear approximation of the map with $c=-0.11$, as a function of the level of approximation. The subleading eigenvalue of $T^{(00)}$, $\nu_0^{(subl)}$, is displayed as well. For comparison, $\exp(-\Lambda)$ and $\exp(-2\Lambda)$ are depicted as well. The broken lines are a guide for the eye. Right: (b) Eigenfunction $u_n$ corresponding to $\nu_2$ for $n=1,\ldots,6$ with normalisation $\int_I|u_n(x)|\, dx=1$. For clarity, successive approximations are shifted by $0.5$. The open symbols indicate the discontinuity set of the eigenfunction, i.e., the increasingly finer Markov partition of the piecewise linear approximaton. \[fig:EVs\_Efunctions\]](oscarTent_c001_UlamApprox_EV_edit.eps){width="100.00000%"} It is indeed possible to show and perhaps well known that an estimate like holds for discontinuous observables. For that purpose let us consider the Perron-Frobenius operator $\mathcal{L}_1$ on the space of functions of bounded variation. Recall that a function $f:[-1,1] \to \mathbb{R}$ is of bounded variation if it has finite total variation $\text{var}(f) = \sup \big\{ \sum_{i=1}^{p} |f(x_i)-f(x_{i-1})|:-1\leq x_0\leq \ldots \leq x_p \leq 1 \big \} < \infty$. In this setup, the spectrum of the Perron-Frobenius operator associated with expanding maps has been studied in detail (see [@Kell_CMP84]). In particular, there is an explicit formula for the essential spectral radius given by $$\sigma_{ess} = \lim_{k\to \infty} (\inf \{|(F_c^k)'(x)| : x \in[-1,1] \})^{-1/k} \, .$$ Thus, we have an upper bound for the mixing rate $$\alpha_{BV}\leq -\ln \sigma_{ess}= \lim_{k\to \infty} \frac{1}{k} \ln \inf \{|(F_c^k)'(x)| : x \in[-1,1] \} \,,$$ which yields the following estimate for the Lyapunov exponent: $$\begin{aligned} \Lambda &=& \frac{1}{k} \int_I \ln |(F_c^k)'(x)| \,d\mu\nonumber \\ & \geq& \frac{1}{k} \inf \{\ln|(F_c^k)'(x)| : x \in[-1,1] \} \int_I d \mu\nonumber \\ &=& \frac{1}{k} \ln \inf \{|(F_c^k)'(x)| : x \in[-1,1] \} \,. \end{aligned}$$ Thus, for observables of bounded variation we have the following result. \[bvcor\] Let $f: I \rightarrow I$ be a piecewise monotonic smooth expanding interval map which is mixing with respect to its unique absolutely continuous invariant measure. Then the rate of decay of correlations for functions of bounded variation is bounded by the Lyapunov exponent $$\label{bvest} \alpha_{BV}\leq \Lambda \, .$$ In fact, almost identical statements can be found in [@CoEc_JSP04], for example, Corollary 9.2. Conclusion {#sec:4} ========== There is no simple, straightforward answer to the question about the relation between Lyapunov exponents and mixing rates. On formal grounds one may argue that both quantities probe entirely different and independent aspects of a dynamical system, and that no particular relation should be expected. Lyapunov exponents are determined by properties related to the largest eigenvalue of the Perron-Frobenius operator. By contrast, correlation decay depends crucially on properties of the observables, with mixing rates being related to the subleading part of the spectrum. Thus, abstract operator theory on its own does not seem to provide further insight into the relation between both quantities. Witness, for example, the doubling map viewed as an analytic map on the unit circle. While its Lyapunov exponent is finite, the Perron-Frobenius operator has no nontrivial eigenvalue when considered on the space of analytic functions, that is, correlations of analytic observables decay faster than any exponential (see, e.g., [@Bala:00]). The argument outlined above, however, is a bit too simplistic. In fact, our results on piecewise linear expanding Markov maps observed via piecewise analytic functions or general piecewise smooth expanding maps observed via functions of bounded variation suggest that bounds on the mixing rate in terms of Lyapunov exponents can be derived provided that specific properties of the underlying dynamical system are taken into account. Estimates of this type rely on nontrivial lower bounds for spectra. As such, they are complementary to estimates which are available for proving the existence of spectral gaps, and will thus require completely different approaches. It turns out that the spirit of the result contained in Proposition \[bvcor\] can be understood by considering an observable with a single discontinuity. In order to substantiate this claim we have performed numerical simulations on the map for $c=-0.11$. We have computed the autocorrelation function for the observable $\varphi=\psi=\phi_h$ with $\phi_h(x)=x$ if $|x|<1/2$ and $\phi_h(x)=x-\mbox{sign}(x) h$ if $|x|>1/2$, having a discontinuity of stepsize $h$ at $|x|=1/2$ (see [Figure \[fig:4\]]{}). Choosing $h=0$, the corresponding observable $\phi_h$ is analytic and the correlation decay is seen to follow the subleading eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of the Perron-Frobenius operator defined on the space of analytic functions (see [Figure \[fig:Counterexample\]]{}(b)). In the discontinuous case corresponding to $h\neq 0$ the short time initial decay of the correlations still follows the pattern of the analytic observable, but the correlation function now develops an exponential tail which obeys . The tail becomes more pronounced if the stepsize increases. In fact, the mixing rate seems to be very close to the Lyapunov exponent. Revisiting the considerations leading to Proposition \[bvcor\], it is tempting to surmise that this coincidence is a consequence of large deviation properties of finite time Lyapunov exponents, since the expression for the essential spectral radius involves an extreme value of a finite time Lyapunov exponent. Thus, the relation between Lyapunov exponents and mixing rates for observables of bounded variation could be viewed to arise from the same mechanism already exploited in [@BaHeMePo_PRA88] for analysing the simple case mentioned in the introduction. ![Normalised autocorrelation function of the discontinuous variable $\phi_h$ with different stepsizes $h$ for the map $F_c$ with $c=-0.11$. The straight lines represent an exponential decay with rate $\ln|\lambda_1|$ and $-\Lambda$. Ergodic averages have been computed as time averages of a series of length $2\times 10^4$ for $5\times 10^8$ uniformly distributed initial conditions, skipping a transient of length $100$. The horizontal dotted line indicates the order of magnitude of statistical errors induced by the finite ensemble size.\[fig:4\]](fig4_new.eps){width=".75\textwidth"} This simple demonstration gives support to the folklore that correlation decay is linked with Lyapunov exponents. Even if a real world phenomenon is sufficiently well-modelled by a smooth dynamical system for which to date no link between correlation decay and Lyapunov exponents can be established, one should keep in mind that modern data processing inevitably involves digital devices, which correspond to discontinuous observations. Therefore, in formal terms observables of bounded variation could be the relevant class for applications and in these cases Proposition \[bvcor\] applies. At an intuitive level it is easy to understand why discontinuous observations result in correlation decay related to Lyapunov exponents. A discontinuous observable is able to distinguish between different “microstates” at a “macroscopic” level, that is, a discontinuous observation is able to distinguish two states at infinitesimal distance. As the distance between two nearby phase space points separated by a discontinuity grows according to the Lyapunov exponent, the sensitivity at the microscale may be transported to the macroscale, that is, it may filter through to the correlation function by a discontinuous observation. In our context the mathematical challenge is to establish a relation between mixing rates and Lyapunov exponents for natural classes of observables, for example, full branch analytic interval maps observed via analytic functions. Besides the need for developing tools to obtain lower bounds for spectra, establishing the relation alluded to above also requires a deeper understanding of which dynamical feature causes the point spectrum of the Perron-Frobenius operator, that is, which signature of the microscopic dynamics survives if viewed via analytic observables. This is reminiscent of coarse-graining approaches in statistical mechanics, for example, the introduction of collective coordinates and quasi-particles. Thus, tackling the mathematical problem above may well shed some light on some of the most fundamental problems in contemporary nonequilibrium statistical physics of complex systems. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ W.J. gratefully acknowledges support by EPSRC (grant no. EP/H04812X/1) and DFG (through SFB910), as well as the kind hospitality by Eckehard Sch[ö]{}ll and his group during the stay at TU-Berlin. Appendix: Spectral properties of Markov maps {#sec:Appendix .unnumbered} ============================================ In this section we shall provide a short account of the technical details to make the results of Section \[sec:2\] rigorous. The main thrust of the argument is to define a suitable function space on which the generalised Perron-Frobenius operator is compact. Results of this type for general analytic Markov maps are not new (see, for example, [@ruelle76] or [@mayer84]). The special case of piecewise linear Markov maps discussed below, where a complete determination of the spectrum is possible, is probably well known to specialists in the field. Unfortunately, we are at loss to provide a reference for the results in Proposition \[app:prop2\] below, so we will outline a proof for the convenience of the reader. To set the scene we define what is meant by a piecewise linear Markov map. Before doing so we note that by a [*partition*]{} of a closed interval $I$ we mean a finite collection of closed intervals $\{I_1,\ldots,I_N\}$ with disjoint interiors, that is, $\mbox{int}(I_k)\cap\mbox{int}(I_l)$ for $k\neq l$, such that $\bigcup_{k=1}^NI_k=I$. \[defn:MarkovMap\] An interval map $f:I\rightarrow I$ is said to be a [*Markov map*]{} if there exists a finite partition $\{I_k\}_{k=1}^{N}$ of $I$ such that for any pair $(k,l)$ either $f(\mbox{int}(I_k)) \cap \mbox{int}(I_l) = \emptyset$ or $\mbox{int}(I_l) \subseteq f(\mbox{int}(I_k))$. If this is the case, the corresponding partition will be referred to as a [*Markov partition*]{} and the $N\times N$ matrix $A$ given by $$\label{appeqa} A_{k l}= \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $\mbox{int}(I_l) \subseteq f(\mbox{int}(I_k))$} \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ will be called the [*topological transition matrix*]{} of the Markov map $f$. A Markov map $f$ with Markov partition $\{I_k\}_{k=1}^{N}$ is said to be [*expanding*]{} if $|f'(x)|>1$ for all $x\in \mbox{int}(I_k)$. It is said to be [*piecewise linear*]{} if $f'$ is constant on each element of the Markov partition, that is, $f'(x)=\gamma_k$ for all $x\in \mbox{int}(I_k)$. Finally, we call an expanding Markov map with topological transition matrix $A$ [*topologically mixing*]{}[^1] if there is a positive integer $p$ such that each entry of the matrix $A^p$ is strictly positive. In what follows we shall concentrate on topologically mixing piecewise linear expanding Markov maps. Our aim is to define suitable spaces of observables on which the associated [*generalised Perron-Frobenius operator*]{} or [*transfer operator*]{} $$\label{app:eq:RPFapp} (\mathcal{L}_{\beta} h)(x) = \sum_{y \in f^{-1}(x)} \frac{h(y)}{|f^{\prime}(y)|^{\beta}}$$ (see ) is well defined and has nice spectral properties. It turns out that these spaces can be chosen from spaces of functions which are piecewise analytic. In order to define these spaces we require some more notation. \[def:Hspace\] Let $D$ denote an open disk in the complex plane. - We write $H^\infty(D)={\left \{\,{h: D \rightarrow \mathbb{C} }\,:\,{h \mbox{ holomorphic and $\sup_{z \in D}|h(z)|<\infty$}}\,\right \}}$ to denote the space of bounded holomorphic functions on $D$. This is a Banach space when equipped with the norm ${\left\| {h}\right\| _{H^\infty(D)}}=\sup_{z \in D}|h(z)|$. - We use $\mathcal{H}(D)=\bigoplus_{k=1}^N H^\infty(D)$ to denote the space of $N$-tuples $(h_1,\ldots,h_N)$ of bounded holomorphic functions on $D$. This is a Banach space when equipped with the norm ${\left\| {h}\right\| _{\mathcal{H}(D)}}=\max \{ \|h_k\|_{H^\infty(D)} : k=1,\ldots, N\}$. The desired space of observables will now be defined by linking the disk $D$ occurring in the definition above to the dynamical system as follows. Given a piecewise linear expanding Markov map with Markov partition $\{I_k\}_{k=1}^{N}$, let us denote by $\varphi_{kl}: I_k \rightarrow I_l$ the inverse branch of the Markov map from partition element $I_k$ into the partition element $I_l$ as well as its obvious analytic continuation to the complex plane. Observe now that, since the map is expanding, all inverse branches are contractions. We can thus choose two concentric disks $D_r$ and $D_R$ of radius $r>0$ and $R>r$, respectively, such that $$\label{app:eq:adapted} \varphi_{kl}(D_R)\subset D_r \quad \text{for all inverse branches $\varphi_{kl}$}\,.$$ It turns out that ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ is a suitable space of observables for the map, in the sense that the associated transfer operator (\[app:eq:RPFapp\]) is a well defined bounded operator on ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$. This is the content of the following result. \[app:prop1\] Given a piecewise linear expanding Markov map $f$ with topological transition matrix $A$ and inverse branches $\varphi_{kl}$, suppose that the disk $D_R$ is chosen as above. Then, for any real $\beta$, the transfer operator ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ is a well defined bounded operator from ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ into itself and is given by $$\label{app:eq1} \left({\mathcal L}_{\beta} h\right)_{k}(z) =\sum_{l}A_{lk}|\varphi_{kl}'(z)|^\beta h_l(\varphi_{kl}(z)) \, .$$ The representation (\[app:eq1\]) follows from a short calculation using the definition (\[app:eq:RPFapp\]) of ${\mathcal L}_\beta$. Since $|\varphi_{kl}'(z)|^\beta=|\gamma_l|^{-\beta}$ is constant and the disk $D_R$ satisfies (\[app:eq:adapted\]), the operator maps ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ to ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$. In order to see that ${\mathcal L}_\beta: {\mathcal H}(D_R)\to {\mathcal H}(D_R)$ is bounded observe that if $h\in {\mathcal H}(D_R)$ with ${\left\| {h}\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}}\leq 1$, then $${\left\| {{\mathcal L}_\beta h}\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}} =\max_{k}{\left\| { ({\mathcal L}_\beta h)_k}\right\| _{{H}^\infty(D_R)}} \leq \max_{k} \sum_{l}A_{lk}|\gamma_l|^{-\beta}<\infty\,.\qedhere$$ The space ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ is not the only suitable space of observables. Restricting to one and the same disk of analyticity for each branch, however, simplifies notation. More general spaces are discussed in [@BaJe_AM08] and [@BJ08]. Next we shall explain why the spectrum of ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ viewed as an operator on ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ is given by the eigenvalues of the diagonal blocks $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ for $m\in {\mathbb N}_0$ defined in (\[blockmatrix\]). The key ingredient of the proof of this statement is a factorisation of the transfer operator together with an approximation argument. In order to explain the factorisation of the transfer operator we observe that in (\[app:eq1\]) the argument of $h_l$, that is $\varphi_{kl}(z)$, is contained in the smaller disk $D_r$ because of (\[app:eq:adapted\]). We can thus use (\[app:eq1\]) to define the operator on a larger function space, namely ${\mathcal H}(D_r)$. Note that the space is ‘larger’ as analyticity is only required on a smaller disk $D_r \subset D_R$. We shall write $\tilde{\mathcal L}_\beta : {\mathcal H}(D_r) \rightarrow {\mathcal H}(D_R)$ in order to distinguish this lifted operator from the one occurring in Proposition \[app:prop1\]. Note that the arguments in this proposition can be adapted to show that $\tilde{\mathcal L}_\beta$ is a bounded operator. It is tempting to think of ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ and $\tilde{\mathcal L}_\beta$ as being essentially the same, since they are given by the same functional expression. However, as operators the two are different as the latter is defined on a larger domain. Yet, both operators are related by restriction. In order to give a precise formulation of this fact we introduce a bounded embedding operator $\mathcal J$ which maps the smaller space ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ injectively into the larger space ${\mathcal H}(D_r)$. To be precise ${\mathcal J} : {\mathcal H}(D_R) \rightarrow {\mathcal H}(D_r)$ is given by $({\mathcal J} h)_k= Jh_k$, where $J:H^\infty(D_R)\to H^\infty(D_r)$ in turn is given by $(Jh)(z)=h(z)$ for $z\in D_r$. Note that ${\mathcal J}$ looks superficially like the identity. This, however, is misleading as argument and image are considered in different spaces. The relation between ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ and $\tilde{\mathcal L}_\beta$ can now be written as $$\label{app:Lfactor} {\mathcal L}_\beta = \tilde{{\mathcal L}}_\beta {\mathcal J}\,.$$ Note that the factorisation above disentangles the intricacies of the map contained in $\tilde{\mathcal{L}}_\beta$ from its general expansiveness contained in $\mathcal{J}$. We now turn to the approximation argument. For piecewise linear Markov maps the transfer operator is easily seen to map piecewise polynomial functions of degree at most $M$ into piecewise polynomial functions of degree at most $M$. This follows from a straightforward calculation using the fact that the inverse branches are affine functions. In order to exploit this property of the transfer operator further we shall introduce a projection operator defined as follows: given an analytic function $h$ in $H^\infty(D_R)$ and an integer $M$ we use $P_Mh$ to denote the truncated Taylor series expansion $$(P_Mh)(z) =\sum_{k=0}^M \frac{h^{(k)}(z_0)}{k!}(z-z_0)^k\,,$$ where $z_0$ denotes the centre of the disk $D_R$. Clearly, $P_M$ is a projection operator. It turns out that the projections $P_M$ approximate the embedding $J$ for large $M$ in a strong sense. In order to make this statement, the heart of the approximation argument alluded to above, more precise, we observe that, by Cauchy’s Integral Theorem, we have for any $h\in H^\infty(D_R)$ and any $z\in D_r$ $$h(z)-(P_Mh)(z)=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_\Gamma\frac{h(\zeta)}{\zeta-z} \frac{(z-z_0)^{M+1}}{(\zeta-z_0)^{M+1}}\,d\zeta\,,$$ where the contour $\Gamma$ is the positively oriented boundary of a disk centred at $z_0$ with radius lying strictly between $r$ and $R$. It follows that the norm of $J-JP_M$ viewed as an operator from $H^\infty(D_R)$ to $H^\infty(D_r)$ satisfies $${\left\| {J-JP_M}\right\| _{H^\infty(D_R)\to H^\infty(D_r)}}\leq \frac{R}{R-r}\left ( \frac{r}{R}\right )^{M+1}\,.$$ In particular, we have $$\label{app:Japprox} \lim_{M\to \infty}{\left\| {J-JP_M}\right\| _{H^\infty(D_R)\to H^\infty(D_r)}}=0\,.$$ In order to extend this result to the space of piecewise analytic functions ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ we introduce the projection operator $\mathcal{P}_M : \mathcal{H}(D_R) \rightarrow \mathcal{H}(D_R)$ by setting $\mathcal{P}_M h = (P_M h_1,\ldots, P_M h_N)$. The analogue of (\[app:Japprox\]) now reads $$\label{app:Jcalapprox} \lim_{M\to \infty}{\left\| {{\mathcal J}-{\mathcal J}{\mathcal P}_M}\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)\to {\mathcal H}(D_r)}}=0\,.$$ We are now able to combine the factorisation (\[app:Lfactor\]) with the approximation result above to prove the main result of this Appendix. \[app:prop2\] Suppose we are given a piecewise linear expanding Markov map $f$ with inverse branches $\varphi_{kl}$ and disks $D_r\subset D_R$ satisfying (\[app:eq:adapted\]). Then, for any real $\beta$, the transfer operator ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ viewed as an operator on ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$ is compact and its non-zero eigenvalues (with multiplicities) are precisely the non-zero eigenvalues of the matrices $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ with $m\in {\mathbb N}_0$ given in (\[melements\]). We start by recalling that for every $M\geq 0$ the transfer operator ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ leaves the space $\mathcal{P}_M(\mathcal{H}(D_R))$ invariant, that is, ${\mathcal L}_\beta(\mathcal{P}_M(\mathcal{H}(D_R))) \subseteq \mathcal{P}_M(\mathcal{H}(D_R))$. Thus $$({\mathcal I}-\mathcal{P}_M){\mathcal L}_\beta\mathcal{P}_M=0\,,$$ where ${\mathcal I}$ denotes the identity on ${\mathcal H}(D_R)$. Using the above equation and the factorisation (\[app:Lfactor\]) we see that $$\begin{gathered} {\left\| {{\mathcal L}_\beta- \mathcal{P}_M{\mathcal L}_\beta\mathcal{P}_M }\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}} ={\left\| {{\mathcal L}_\beta(\mathcal{I}-\mathcal{P}_M) }\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}}\\ ={\| {\tilde{{\mathcal L}}_\beta\mathcal{J}(\mathcal{I}-\mathcal{P}_M) } \| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}} \leq {\| {\tilde{{\mathcal L}}_\beta} \| _{\mathcal{H}(D_r)\to \mathcal{H}(D_R)}} {\| {\mathcal{J}-\mathcal{J}\mathcal{P}_M } \| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)\to \mathcal{H}(D_r)}}\,,\end{gathered}$$ which, using (\[app:Jcalapprox\]), implies $$\label{app:Lapprox} \lim_{M\to \infty}{\left\| {{\mathcal L}_\beta- \mathcal{P}_M{\mathcal L}_\beta\mathcal{P}_M }\right\| _{{\mathcal H}(D_R)}}=0\,.$$ Since $\mathcal{P}_M{\mathcal L}_\beta\mathcal{P}_M$ is a finite-rank operator for every $M$, the limit above implies that ${\mathcal L}_\beta$ is compact. Clearly, the non-zero eigenvalues of each $\mathcal{P}_M{\mathcal L}_\beta\mathcal{P}_M$ are exactly the non-zero eigenvalues of the block matrices (\[blockmatrix\]). The remaining assertion, namely that the non-zero spectrum of the transfer operator is captured by the non-zero spectra of the finite dimensional matrix representations follows from (\[app:Lapprox\]) together with an abstract spectral approximation result (see [@DS XI.9.5]). Specialising to topologically mixing Markov maps we obtain the following refinement of the above proposition. \[app:cor\] Suppose that the hypotheses of the previous proposition hold. If the Markov map $f$ is also topologically mixing, then ${\mathcal L}_\beta:{\mathcal H}(D_R)\to {\mathcal H}(D_R)$ has a simple positive leading eigenvalue $\nu_0(\beta)$. Moreover, this leading eigenvalue is the Perron eigenvalue of the matrix $T^{(00)}(\beta)$. This follows from the previous proposition together with the observation that for $m\geq 1$ the spectral radius $r(T^{(mm)}(\beta))$ of the matrix $T^{(mm)}(\beta)$ is strictly smaller than the Perron eigenvalue of $T^{(00)}(\beta)$. In order to see this note that for all $m\geq 1$ we have $$|T^{(mm)}_{kl}(\beta)|\leq C T^{(00)}_{kl}(\beta)\,,$$ where $$C=\frac{1}{\inf_l |\gamma_l|}<1\,.$$ A short calculation shows that for each $k\geq 0$ and each $m\geq 1$ we have $${\left\| { \left (T^{(mm)}(\beta) \right )^k }\right\| _{F}}\leq C^k {\left\| { \left (T^{(00)}(\beta) \right )^k }\right\| _{F}}\,,$$ where ${\left\| {\cdot}\right\| _{F}}$ denotes the Frobenius norm. The spectral radius formula now implies that $$r(T^{(mm)}(\beta))\leq C\nu_0(\beta)\,.\qedhere$$ [10]{} H. D. Abarbanel. . Springer, 1997. R. Badii, K. Heinzelmann, P. Meier, and A. Politi. . , 37(4):1323–1328, Feb. 1988. V. Baladi. . World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 2000. 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N. S. Krylov. . Princeton University Press, 1979. R. Kubo. , 233(4761):330–334, July 1986. P. Lancaster. . Academic Press Inc, 1969. C. Liverani. . , 142(2):239–301, 1995. D. H. Mayer. . , 95(1):1–15, 1984. H. Mori, B.-C. So, and T. Ose. . , 66(4):1266–1283, Oct. 1981. F. Naud. . , 10(3):429–451, May 2009. D. Ruelle. . , 34(3):231–242, Oct. 1976. B. C. So, N. Yoshitake, H. Okamoto, and H. Mori. . , 36(3-4):367–400, Aug. 1984. J. C. Sprott. . Oxford University Press, 2001. [^1]: This is a slight abuse of terminology, since its use is usually restricted to continuous maps. However, it serves the same purpose as in the continuous setup as it guarantees the existence of a spectral gap for the corresponding transfer operator (see Corollary \[app:cor\]).

I'm 13 years old, visiting my grandparents, and we're all sitting down to lunch. Today, we're having stew. My uncles are here, my parents, one of my cousins. It is familial bonding at its best: over food. My plate gets passed up the table to my grandmother, who takes it, looks at me, then turns around and fills it with something from behind her. As she passes it back to me she says: "I'm giving you salad because you're getting too fat." My whole family snort into their stew, giggling, bar my mum who pats my arm reassuringly and makes defensive noises. It's a bit mean, I suppose. But she did have a point, I was getting fat and my grandmother is honest to a fault. Like most Romanians. I'm Romanian, you see. Born there but raised in England since I was five; both my parents are Romanian, though when my mum married my English stepfather I took his name. So now I'm a Jones with a muddled English accent – a bit northern to the southerners a bit southern to the northerners. I say "like" too often and have seen every episode of Friends a bajillion times. Until a few years ago I was a relative oddity. There just weren't that many Romanians around. I grew up fielding questions like "is Romania in Africa?" or "don't Romanians live in caravans?" (No, and you're thinking of Romany.) I suppose I liked it, being different. I liked that I could speak another language and had an exotic story to tell. Of course I was teased, but then aren't all kids for one reason or another? And if I ever encountered a "go back to your own country", I'd write the person off as a bigot or a simpleton. Oh how times have changed. In the past year a new story has surfaced nearly every day about gangs of Romanian grannies squatting in public squares, stealing or begging or causing a nuisance. This week the Times ran a piece about a tsunami of criminals rinsing clean the jacket pockets of western Europe then hopping on the next Wizz Air flight back to the homeland to spend the spoils on Samsung tablets. It's as if petty crime didn't exist before six months ago. An insidious sort of hysteria has taken hold and it is open season on Romanians. So I find myself in a strange position because I don't like these criminals, and I think that they deserve to be punished; and yet when I say that, people assume that I'm sanctioning the rubbishing of Romanians. I'm not. It goes back to my grandmother banging that salad down in front of me. She was honest, despite the fact that it might have hurt my feelings – as with most Romanians honesty is a big deal to her. She is also hard-working, thrifty, funny and an excellent cook. She is, again, exactly like most Romanians in her abhorrence of crime and her anger at the minority who are ruining Romania's reputation. In the great Venn diagram of the world there is one circle for Romanians and there is another for criminals. Both circles are vastly bigger than the area they create when they overlap, but it seems like only that relatively small area is of any interest to the media. And so most of the time, I'm just a tiny voice bleating saccharine sentiments about family and honesty and noble immigrants in a shitstorm of press, all determined to tell one story and tar the whole circle with one brush. My grandmother's advice? "Don't bother; no one wants to go to Britain anyway."

ay ani, don't redo anything on that. the majority of the time for me, once i lost the flow of the picture, if i try to go back and redo anything (usually something small like that), i end up fucking it up a lot more. plus the whole thing looks fresh as hell. ay ani, don't redo anything on that. the majority of the time for me, once i lost the flow of the picture, if i try to go back and redo anything (usually something small like that), i end up fucking it up a lot more. plus the whole thing looks fresh as hell. fer sure son that shiits tite leave as is "SIKER THAN AN AIDS INFESTED CHILD MOLESTER" Originally Posted by [phenom5] Rule #301 of the official Graffiti Writer's Manual: Legit blackbooks must be black, have hard-covers and tags all over them. And NO lined paper. Everyone knows lined paper is for pussy's and literature.

Histologic findings of antibody-mediated rejection in ABO blood-group-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histology of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in ABO blood-group-incompatible (ABOI) kidney transplants as well as on protocol biopsies performed at the time of stable allograft function. Between 5/99 and 1/02, we performed 32 ABOI kidney transplants (13 A2, 19 non-A2 blood-group living donors). Nineteen biopsies were performed for allograft dysfunction, and 127 protocol biopsies were performed 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days and 3 and 12 months post transplant. Twenty-five of 32 patients have functioning allografts (mean 585 days post transplant). Nine of 32 (28%) developed clinical AMR. Biopsy revealed glomerular thrombi (78%), mesangiolysis (78%), peritubular capillary C4d staining (56%) and neutrophil infiltration (67%), interstitial hemorrhage and necrosis (56%) and arteriolar thrombi (33%). Subclinical AMR was diagnosed by protocol biopsies in four patients. Findings consisted of glomerular thrombi (100%), mesangiolysis (25%), and C4d staining (100%). In late protocol biopsies performed 214-420 days post transplant, mild mesangiolysis was seen in 2/17 (11.7%), and C4d immunostaining was detected in 3/12 (25%). AMR is characterized by glomerular thrombi, mesangiolysis, peritubular capillary neutrophil infiltration interstitial hemorrhage, necrosis, and C4d deposition. Glomerular thrombi appear early in AMR and may appear prior to graft dysfunction.

Pages Monday, September 5, 2011 Last Friday Night Hi girls, I didn't do this mani last Friday night, but last month when I bought OPI Last Friday Night from the Katy Perry collection. My idea was to do a glitter sandwich, but I loved the sparkle so much that I ended up not doing the sandwich at all. So I used Essence Cool and the Gang for the base (2 coats) and finished it with a coat of OPI Last Friday Night. The picture quality isn't optimal, because I took them with my iPhone. Two days later I used a matte top coat on it. I just love matte glitters! This is the result:

4-way stop will enable Transit Buses to enter and exit the Terminal This will enable transit buses to more easily enter and exit the Transit Terminal on 6th Avenue with the increased traffic during this stage of South Railway Street construction. 4-Way Stop signs are posted at this intersection. As a reminder, flashing red lights at intersections also indicate a 4-way stop. Please drive carefully, obeying all traffic signs and lights. All vehicles should yield to pedestrians, giving them time to cross safely at intersections. We thank everyone for your patience and understanding.

PTI’s ‘chaiwala’ MNA brews change in traditional politics RAWALPINDI: Gul Zafar Khan, a Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf ticket-holder who clinched victory in NA-41 (Bajaur), is showered with petals and garlands as he returns to a local restaurant where he used to work. Khan is overwhelmed with joy and happiness as he once again makes chai for the people who supported him in his journey. "This is my job and from here I have been appointed as the MNA," he says while speaking to Geo News. The chaiwala couldn’t have imagined in his wildest dreams that he would be elected as member national assembly in a country where tradition has allowed only investors, industrialists and landlords this position. Breaking all stereotypes, he is prepared to take on the responsibility and set the right precedent for people hailing from middle-class backgrounds. The chaiwala couldn’t have imagined in his wildest dreams that he would be elected as member national assembly in a country where tradition has allowed only investors, industrialists and landlords this position. Photo: Geo News screen grab "My target is to bring more children into politics as first there was a restriction on politics and there was FCR [Frontier Crimes Regulation],” he remarks. He adds that he has gotten one chance to solve the problems facing his constituency. Khan shares that his main focus would be to impart education to all, and improve basic institutions. With Khan’s election as MNA it seems as if PTI’s chants of change and ‘Naya Pakistan’ are coming true.

Q: Adjust Canvas Menu Size and Scale in a HoloWorld The following script is supposed to enlarge a UI Canvas menu in the world space, so as the user gets far, the menu grows in size and scale, and as the user approaches it, it shrinks proportionately. We are actually trying to update the height of the menu to the camera's frustum height, so that the menu always takes up exactly the vertical height of the camera's view. Is this the way towards a solution? What are we doing wrong that the new size does not match the cam' frustum height? We have put this script on the HoloLensCamera in out app's scene... public class Adjuster : MonoBehaviour { public RectTransform _rectTransform; private float _ratio; private float _pixPerUnit = 100f; private Vector3 _gazeOrigin; private Vector3 _uiOrigin; private float _frustumHeight; private float _distance; public bool _reSizeCanvas; private Camera _camera; private float _canvasWidth; private float _canvasHeight; private void Start() { if (_reSizeCanvas) { Vector2 initialSize = _rectTransform.sizeDelta; _ratio = _rectTransform.rect.width / _rectTransform.rect.height; } } private void LateUpdate() { _gazeOrigin = transform.position; _uiOrigin = _rectTransform.position; _distance = Vector3.Distance(_gazeOrigin, _uiOrigin); _frustumHeight = 2.0f * _distance * Mathf.Tan( this.GetComponent<Camera>().fieldOfView * 0.5f * Mathf.Deg2Rad ); _rectTransform.sizeDelta = new Vector2(_ratio * _frustumHeight * _pixPerUnit, _frustumHeight * _pixPerUnit); } } A: When applying a ratio to something. That ratio is calculated based on the comparison of two things. In this case u are comparing the distance between u and the menu to a baseline distance between u and the menu. So u need fixed distance to compare your actual distance to. A frustum is literally A cone like shape that the camera spawns (with the tip starting at the camera) and it will render anything that is inside this cone. Its dimensions will always be the same if u don't mess with the camera. If u want to get frustum height involved u need to find out where the object is in that cone. Then find out the dimensions of that slice of the cone. The easiest solution; Leave the frustum height out of this and your solution is very easy; Player gets closer increase scale. Vice Versa

Q: Акселлерометр, Unity 3D Снимаю показания для движения тела в зависимости от наклона устройства Код взял с офф. мануала по Input public float speed; Vector3 dir; // Use this for initialization void Start () { speed = 10.0f; dir = Vector3.zero; } // Update is called once per frame void FixedUpdate () { // пробовал и просто с Update, вроде с физикой лучше использовать Fixed dir.x = Input.acceleration.x; dir.z = Input.acceleration.y; // clamp acceleration vector to the unit sphere //if (dir.sqrMagnitude > 1) //dir.Normalize(); // Make it move 10 meters per second instead of 10 meters per frame... dir *= Time.deltaTime; // Move object transform.Translate(dir * speed); } Всё работает, причем отлично и отзывчиво, но иногда, когда тела касаются друг друга(например игрок касается стенок и скользит некоторое время вдоль них) что то сбивается и одна из осей инвертируется, либо вообще начинает двигаться по вертикали! Прыгает игрок, на котором скрипт. A: Рекомендую вместо transform.Translate() использовать rigidbody.AddForce() Необходимо в Start получать компонент Rigidbody, при помощи метода GetComponent<>() и использовать данный компонент для движения игрока. Демонстративный код: using UnityEngine; [RequireComponent(typeof(Collider))] [RequireComponent(typeof(Rigidbody))] public class AccelerationTest : MonoBehaviour { public float speed = 10f; private new Rigidbody rigidbody; private Vector3 dir = Vector3.zero; private void Start () { rigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>() } private void FixedUpdate () { dir.x = Input.acceleration.x; dir.z = Input.acceleration.y; rigidbody.AddForce(dir * speed, ForceMode.Force); } }

Music and Sound Design specialist My name is Dan and I'm here to promote my skills and a composer and sound design artist. I have a large background in composition and creating sounds through add/sub/gran synthesis, however, I believe my greatest skill is being able to talk with the developers and try to find the right type of mood and feel for the music. I want to to be able to trade ideas and get a deep understanding of the project, which in turn will help me to produce the right type of sound for it. Here are a few examples of pieces I've written to projects and films. I'll be looking forward to working together with you all to create a great game!

Summertime is my favorite time of year. The beach, the sun & lemonade make for a perfect summer. Last year while attending the Taste of LA, I was introduced to the most delicious beverage, Watermelon Lemonade. I will never forget it because I stood in line about 5 times to taste it. Watermelon Lemonade has instantly become my families favorite beverage. It’s a creative and refreshing beverage with a twist to the standard lemonade recipe. The watermelon is also naturally sweet which helps reduce the amount of sugar required for the recipe. The beverage is also a conversation starter! I used a Breville Juice Fountain duo to make the delicious beverage at home. I’m in love with this Home Tech gadget! If you do not have a juicer you can also use a blender to puree the fruit. For this recipe I will use a blender. Do you have a creative lemonade recipe? What is your favorite ingredient? Watermelon Lemonade Ingredients 1 cup white sugar 1 cup water 8 cups cubed seedless watermelon (from about 1/2 medium sized watermelon) 6 cups cold water 1 cup fresh lemon juice (6 -8 lemons) 6 cups ice cubes Directions Place the watermelon into a blender. Cover, and puree until smooth. Strain through a fine mesh sieve. Place the lemons into a blender. Cover and puree until smooth. Stir in 3 cups of cold wate, the lemon juice and stir. Add remaining water and sugar. Divide the ice into 12 glasses, and then top with the lemonade. Gently stir before serving. Buen Provecho!

The Austrian Minister of the Interior and the Mayor of Vienna were among the crowd of several thousand persons who turned out here to welcome a group of 119 Austrian war criminals released by the Soviet authorities from Russian prisons. The repatriated men, in most cases, had been members of Hitler’s Elite Guard, the S.S., and had been convicted of war crimes in Poland and Rumania. A new attempt to show “The Immortal Beloved,” a film produced in Germany by Vet Harlan, producer of the Nazi anti-Semitic film “Jew Sues,” is running into difficulty here with many Groups-both Jewish and non Jewish-once again protesting plans to exhibit the film. Demonstrations have teen threatened by these organizations outside any theater which features the film. Four weeks ago, similar protests caused the cancellation of the Austrian premiere of “The Immortal Beloved” in Vienna.

To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed the entire object, paste this HTML in websiteTo link to this page, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed this page, paste this HTML in website An Act to Cut and Clear a Waggon Road to the Settlements on the Cumberland River in the Mero District An Act to authorize the raising a fund, for the purpose of discharging the cost of cutting and clearing a wagon road from south West Point to the settlement on Cumberland River, in Mero district, by lottery. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Governor, Legislative Council, and House of Representatives of the Territory of the United States of America south of the river Ohio, That in order that a sufficient fund may be raised for the purpose above mentioned, that a scheme be authorized for drawing a lottery, to consist of three thousand one hundred tickets; three thousand of which shall be by the managers hereafter named, put into the hands of such discreet persons as they may judge properly qualified for selling the same; or, if they chuse so to do, may be kept in their own hands, and sold by An Act to authorize the raising a fund, for the purpose of discharging the cost of cutting and clearing a wagon road from south West Point to the settlement on Cumberland River, in Mero district, by lottery. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Governor, Legislative Council, and House of Representatives of the Territory of the United States of America south of the river Ohio, That in order that a sufficient fund may be raised for the purpose above mentioned, that a scheme be authorized for drawing a lottery, to consist of three thousand one hundred tickets; three thousand of which shall be by the managers hereafter named, put into the hands of such discreet persons as they may judge properly qualified for selling the same; or, if they chuse so to do, may be kept in their own hands, and sold by While TSLA houses an item, it does not necessarily hold the copyright on the item, nor may it be able to determine if the item is still protected under current copyright law. Users are solely responsible for determining the existence of such instances and for obtaining any other permissions and paying associated fees that may be necessary for the intended use.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pretreatment kit for saliva for identification and quantitatively determining streptococci mutans, as one of cariogenic bacteria in human saliva, by immunochromatography utilizing an antigen-antibody reaction, and a pretreatment method for saliva using the pretreatment kit for saliva. 2. Description of Conventional Art It has been known that there is close relation between the presence of streptococci mutans and the generation of dental caries in a human mouth, and therefore, the morbidity risk and the current condition of morbidity can be comprehended to provide benefits to quite a number of people if the presence or absence and the amount of streptococci mutans in a human mouth can be conveniently examined. An examination technique utilizing an antigen-antibody reaction in examining has been conventionally carried out. For example, the immunoenzymatic technique, which is a method of identification and quantitatively determining with coloring density using an enzyme, requires a special washing device and complicated and accurate operations for handling an antibody and a sample, and also requires an incubator for carrying out an enzyme reaction. The fluorescent antibody technique, which is a method of specifically staining an antigen that is reacted with an antibody labeled with a fluorescent dye, is not commonly employed since a fluorescent microscope is necessary as a measurement device. Accordingly, various techniques have been proposed for conveniently utilizing an antigen-antibody reaction. Examples thereof include a measurement technique utilizing chromatography (as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,591,645, 4,855,240, 4,435,504 and 4,980,298, and Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. JP-A-61-145459 and JP-A-6-160388). The technique is excellent in simpleness because the presence or absence and the amount of an antigen can be measured only by mixing a body fluid thus collected in a test solution containing an antigen to be identified and quantitatively determined, and then instilling in an examination device. The technique is generally referred to as an immunochromatography technique, and the principles of identification and quantitative determination have been disclosed in detail (as shown, for example, in Se-Hwan Peak, Seung-Hwa Lee, Joung-Hawan Cho and Young-Sang Kim, “Development of rapid One-Step immunochromatographic assay, Methods”, vol. 22, p. 53 to 60 (2000)). It seems that identification and quantitative determination of streptococci mutans in the human mouth can be carried out by applying the technique, but it has not been put into practical use because of the following problems. That is, it is necessary that a sample used for the immunochromatography technique pass through a porous membrane by the capillary phenomenon. However, because the major sample applied to the examination of bacteria in the mouth, such as streptococci mutans, is saliva, a high viscosity substance present in saliva, which is referred to as mucin, clogs the pores of the porous membrane. Furthermore, because mucin has such a function that aggregates epithelial attachment cells stripped off from oral mucosa, the pores of the porous membrane are clogged with these substances to inhibit transmission of streptococci mutans. In addition to mucin, there is another problem complicating identification and quantitative determination of streptococci mutans by the immunochromatography technique. That is, the streptococci mutans to be measured is a bacterium having a diameter of about 1 μm solely but often forms a chain with 10 to 20 or more bacteria owing to the nature of streptococci, which may be a factor of inhibiting migration in the porous membrane. Furthermore, the streptococci mutans forms glucan having adherence from sucrose in foods and is often severely aggregated. The chain formation and aggregation of streptococci mutans cause clogging in the porous membrane and also reduce the surface area of the streptococci to affect quantitative determination of the number of antigens present on the surface of the streptococci mutans, which reduces accuracy of the measurement. In the immunochromatography technique, detection of an analytic object is generally carried out by using two antibodies. The first antibody is retained in a porous membrane formed with glass fibers or the like on the side where a sample is dropped, and the antibody is generally labeled with latex particles, gold colloid particles or the like (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a labeled antibody). In the case where the analytic object to be measured is present in the sample, when passing the sample through the porous membrane, the labeled antibody recognizes the analytic object to be measured and is bonded thereto. The composite of the analytic object and the labeled antibody is flowed by capillary phenomenon toward another porous membrane having the second antibody (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a trap antibody) immobilized thereon, for example, in the form of strips, and the complex of the analytic object and the labeled antibody is recognized, trapped and detected as a visible signal (in the form of strips in this case). In the case where the immunochromatography technique is applied to saliva as a sample, however, the composite of a labeled antibody and streptococci mutans is trapped in the membrane retaining the labeled antibody but does not efficiently flow by capillary phenomenon toward the porous membrane having the trap antibody immobilized therein to cause such a problem that the accuracy of the measurement is reduced.

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Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has warned Ukraine he will cut off the country's gas supplies if it siphons fuel from export lines. Mr. Putin made the statement in Moscow following a meeting with Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann. His warning carries an implicit threat that Europeans this winter could again face shortages of gas they receive from Russia via pipelines that go through Ukraine. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has been discussing energy with European leaders much of this past year. He met with the prime minister of Hungary in May to speed construction of the new South Stream gas pipeline from Russia to Europe, a pipeline that will not transit Ukraine. In October, Mr. Putin discussed the project with his Italian counterpart. Following talks on November 2 with the Danish head of government, Mr. Putin issued a sharp warning that Europe should help pay for deliveries of Russian gas to Ukraine. The Prime Minister says Russia has already paid Ukraine $2.5-billion for transit and urges Europeans to throw in, as he puts it, "a lousy billion". Mr. Putin bluntly comments, "Why have they become so stingy down there? They have money, too. Let them get something out of their pockets." <!-- IMAGE --> Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko says her country paid Russia $500 million for October's gas bill. She also alleges President Viktor Yushchenko blocked payments usually made through the Ukrainian National Bank. Mr. Yushchenko, in turn, has criticized Ms. Tymoshenko for negotiating a gas contract that favors Russia. Both are candidates in a January presidential election. Russian National Energy Security Fund Director Konstantin Simonov agrees with both accusations. He says Ms. Tymoshenko obligated Ukraine to pay for gas it does not use. And Simonov says the Ukrainian president has his eye on the upcoming election. The analyst says President Yushchenko and those close to him are concerned, above all, with their own re-election. Simonov says for them it is clear their only chance to stay in power is to organize a major disruption, and in that regard, a gas war with Russia is an ideal scenario. Meanwhile, Finland and Sweden in early November approved construction of the Nord Stream pipeline in their waters. Nord Stream would also circumvent Ukraine, delivering Russian gas to Northern Europe under the Baltic Sea. But Estonian Defense Minister Jaak Aviksoo accuses Moscow of playing politics. "The decision to have the Nord Stream as well as South Stream bypassing a number of central Eastern European countries is clearly a political decision," said Jaak Aviksoo. "And unfortunately these countries not being consulted feel themselves somehow out in the cold." European countries are also considering construction of yet another pipeline, Nabucco, which is backed by the United States and would circumvent Russia with supplies of Asian or Middle Eastern gas. Harvard University's Marshall Goldman told VOA that Moscow is seeking to prevent such pipeline competition by playing European countries against one another. "We will make a special deal with you, we will give you a discounted price, sign up with us and you will be protected," said Marshall Goldman. "We will not cut you off.' And this kind of leads to disruption in any kind of united front that might otherwise stand off against the Russians." Konstantin Simonov warns that Europe cannot replace the huge volumes pumped by Russia with Nabucco's relatively small annual capacity of 31 billion cubic meters. He also questions the reliability of Nabucco's potential suppliers. Simonov says he wants to ask Nabucco backers if they have been in Turkmenistan. Have they been in Iran or Egypt? Do they not have any reservations that those countries are much more capable of politicizing the energy dialogue [than Russia]? Simonov says he does not think his country is using gas as a political weapon, but has, instead, a different problem - it wants to make lots of money. Simonov cautions that Russia should not be allowed to corner the market on Central Asian gas, which already flows through Russian and Ukrainian pipelines to Europe.

Touring the West Coast of Ireland With Paddywagon Tours There are quite a few tour companies in Ireland, but Paddywagon has the biggest selection of budget options. With bright green buses, plastered with a giant leprechaun smoking a pipe, they tend to stand out a little more than the rest on the roadways. Among a few slogans, Paddywagon markets themselves as “the most fun tour in the world.” Touring the West Coast of Ireland With Paddywagon Tours Following the large TBEX travel blogging conference, Bell and I were invited on a Paddywagon media trip to test out the company. Our small group tour included 11 travel bloggers, accompanied by Paddywagon organizer and filmmaker Zachary Griner. We started by heading west to County Clare and the Burren, near the Cliffs of Moher. After a couple hours driving through the center of Ireland, we stumbled upon a group of donkeys near the road, including a baby, and our driver and guide Mike Coggins, who was seriously fantastic, decided to pull over for photos and ass mingling. The donkeys were surprisingly sociable, though we did have random bits of food that they enjoyed. We were extremely fortunate to have gorgeous sunny weather and after stops at Kinvara castle and lunch in Doolin, we arrived at Ireland’s most visited attraction, the dramatic Cliffs of Moher. With 1 million visitors per year, the cliffs can be a little busy, but as they stretch for 6km, there’s plenty of room for everyone. This was our second visit to the cliffs, and with a 1 and 1/2 hour stop we walked in the opposite direction of our previous trip, when we found ourselves in horrendous weather. This time Bell and I took our time in the sun and enjoyed sitting on the edge and photographing the scenery. This meant we once again didn’t have time to experience the visitor’s center, which features an apparently interesting film of the area. A fellow travel blogger felt 1 and 1/2 hours at the Cliffs was perfect, Bell and I felt an additional 30 minutes would have been more ideal. But there was a lot more to see and quite a bit of distance to cover. From the Cliffs we headed south for our first ever visit to stunning County Kerry, the favorite county of many in Ireland. There was a couple hours of additional driving that also involved a ferry ride across the River Shannon to cut 80km of driving distance. As beautiful as the coastline of County Clare is, the change of scenery in County Kerry is striking, with vastly larger rolling green mountains. As many Irish will tell you, when you see photos of Ireland, they are generally of County Kerry. Our accommodation for the night was in the small village of Annascaul, where Paddywagon owns a bed and breakfast, hostel and adjoining pub that serves dinner. Bell and I were given a private room with ensuite bathroom in the bed and breakfast which was comfortable, quiet and extremely clean. We all ate dinner together at their wonderfully named, Randy Leprechaun pub. Bell and I had chicken wings to start and burgers as mains. The chicken wings were heavily breaded and reminded me of the American chain Hooters (minus service with massive cleavage and tiny orange shorts). But given that the Randy Leprechaun is attached to a hostel and caters to budget travelers, Bell and I felt that the price point on the burger and fries, at €11 ($14.80 USD), could have been a little lower. After dinner, an Irish dancing instructor came by and for just €4 ($5.40 USD), we, along with paying guests, had the option to learn and partake in Irish dancing. Given that I have the coordination of a monkey on ice, I decided to pass and opted to photograph instead. But Bell partook and had an awesome time, and I enjoyed watching her dance and laugh. Everyone that gave it a go really enjoyed it and worked up a sweat in the process. Given that it had been a long day, most of our fellow blogging companions retired early and after the dancing finished, the atmosphere in the pub was a little lacking. This isn’t a high point in tourist season though and we’d suspect that the atmosphere in summer would be much more happening until later For our full day in County Kerry, the Irish weather gods did not grant us the same fortunes as the previous day, as we were inundated with fog and rain. Fortunately, our phenomenal guide and driver Mike adjusted our schedule to suit the weather conditions. There were a few less photo opportunities but Mike knew some gorgeous, lesser known spots that were just stunning. Along the Slea Head drive of Kerry, the early 90’s film ‘Far and Away,’ starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman was filmed. During filming, Cruise took quite a liking to a charming elderly widower named Mary, whom he preferred to enjoy his breakfasts with in her home, rather than the ones provided by the catering van. At 82 years of age, Mary still resides in her home for 6 months of the year and allows visitors to tour her charming living room and flip through photo albums of the making of the film, with several photos of her and a far younger Tom Cruise. The €2 charge also includes access to several incredible bee hives. The incredible former residences of monks date back to the 8th century. If you’re passing through this area during tourist season, definitely swing by Mary’s property, it’s an awesome experience for €2! *Updated July 25th, 2018 Below* Where to Stay in Dublin Before Touring the West Coast of Ireland With Paddywagon Tours? It’s a good idea to book a hotel with free cancellation in advance. Later if prices change and you find a better deal, you can easily cancel your reservation and book another one. Here are hotel and bed and breakfast recommendations for Dublin: Luxury: Shelbourne Hotel is Dublin’s most historic luxury hotel, as several US Presidents and many foreign dignitaries have stayed there. They have a wonderful cocktail lounge and fantastic dining options. Even if you’re not a guest, swing in for high tea and enjoy a lovely view of St. Stephen’s Green. The Merrion Hotel is another excellent luxury choice. This 5 star hotel offers an old world luxury experience in a great location. Mid Range: O’Callaghan is a small chain of centrally located, comfortable hotels with good breakfasts. Trinity College often puts job applicants and guests up in these hotels. We stayed at O’Callaghan St. Stephens Green when Bell interviewed for her post doctoral position at Trinity College and highly recommend it. Budget: ABC House Dublin and Egans House are quintessentially Irish bed and breakfasts a little outside the center of Dublin. They both offer reasonable comfort for those that don’t want to spend a lot to sleep. We spent a week at ABC House Dublin while searching for our apartment when we first moved to Dublin. We stayed at Egans House on a visit to Ireland. Backpacker: Generator Hostel is conveniently located right next to the Jameson Distillery (fun!) and is part of a reputable chain of hostels in Europe that are known for being clean and having a fun atmosphere. Families especially will find the best deals on short term apartment rentals. If you’ve never used Airbnb, sign up here for free and receive $40 credit off your first stay! Want to travel to Ireland for Free? Play the credit card points game to earn free flights with everyday spending. There’s really no catch as long as you’re responsible with credit (being irresponsible is the catch). We take advantage of credit card bonus sign ups and Chase is one of favorite cards for the flexibility. The Chase Sapphire Preferred has no annual fee the first year and offers 50,000 bonus points when you sign up. 50,000 bonus points on Chase rewards is worth about $750 in travel credit. There are no blackouts on flights, meaning that if there are seats you can use your points. You can often even earn airline miles with the free flight this way too! The Chase system is easy to use to cash in the points for free flights and hotels around the world, making it very popular among travel hackers. You can even transfer Chase points to many airline mileage programs at 1:1 ratio. Have questions about planning your trip to Ireland? Email me at [email protected] or leave a comment below and I can assist you! Disclosure: While our 3 day tour was provided free of charge, all photos and opinions expressed here are ours. Also, this article contains some affiliate links. We receive a small commission when you book or sign up through these links and it costs you nothing extra. When it suits you, please use them, as it helps maintain this site! Thanks, yes the scenery is stunning! And a great thing about a tour is that you don’t have to deal with driving on incredibly narrow and daunting roads in counties Clare and Kerry, often in poor weather conditions, yourself. Better to leave it to an experienced driver- Mike even sang Irish songs for us when the driving wasn’t so precarious! 🙂 Hi Alex & Bell! What I’m especially loving about your & the other bloggers’ posts from our Paddywagon tour is that everyone has different angles & remembers different things from our trip. I’m sitting down to write my post now (tho’ I did do an #IGtravelthursday photo post on it already) and I’m certainly going to link to everyone’s posts– they all add up to a great resource for a potential traveller wanting a broad picture of what a Paddywagon tour out west is like. 🙂 Cheers! Hi Susan! Thanks for swinging by and commenting. We’re looking forward to reading your post about the tour! That’s a great idea for you to link to all of our posts on this. Thanks and yes that will be a great resource for readers planning a trip to the west coast of Ireland. Have a good one and cheers to you too! 😀 Hi Jennifer! Yeah we were lucky to have such a nice day in October. They happen sometimes 🙂 And yes you should swing by Ireland some day, there are many breathtakingly beautiful secluded spots to go along with the touristy ones!

‘White glow’ in babies’ eyes a possible cancer warning - The BBC reports that the most common sign of retinoblastoma is a white glow in the pupil of the eye, which can look like a ‘cat’s eye’ in a photograph, especially when there is a ‘red eye’ look in the other. (May 07, 2011)

# Define the files we need to compile. # Anything not in this list will not be compiled into mlpack. set(SOURCES all_dimension_select.hpp decision_tree.hpp decision_tree_impl.hpp all_categorical_split.hpp all_categorical_split_impl.hpp best_binary_numeric_split.hpp best_binary_numeric_split_impl.hpp gini_gain.hpp information_gain.hpp multiple_random_dimension_select.hpp random_dimension_select.hpp ) # Add directory name to sources. set(DIR_SRCS) foreach(file ${SOURCES}) set(DIR_SRCS ${DIR_SRCS} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${file}) endforeach() # Append sources (with directory name) to list of all mlpack sources (used at # the parent scope). set(MLPACK_SRCS ${MLPACK_SRCS} ${DIR_SRCS} PARENT_SCOPE) add_cli_executable(decision_tree) add_python_binding(decision_tree) add_julia_binding(decision_tree) add_go_binding(decision_tree) add_r_binding(decision_tree) add_markdown_docs(decision_tree "cli;python;julia;go;r" "classification")

KANSAS CITY, Kan. ­– Graham Zusi is one of 14 MLS players who have re-signed with their teams since last December using “retention funds.” MLS executive vice president of player relations & competition Todd Durbin revealed to a small group of reporters before Wednesday’s All-Star Game that the league’s so-called “Core Players” initiative has been in place since this past offseason as a mechanism for teams to retain key members of their roster before their contracts expire instead of losing them to foreign leagues. Sporting KC re-signed Zusi in late June to what manager Peter Vermes said was “for all intents and purposes” a Designated Player deal without classifying him as a DP. That was thanks to the extra financial resources of the Core Players initiative, which Durbin explained gives all clubs extra money in their salary budgets that do not count against the cap. With his previous deal set to expire at the end of this season, and with European clubs reportedly interested in the US national teamer, Zusi was “a textbook case” of the type of player the Core Player initiative was meant to target when it was first discussed with MLS teams, according to Durbin. Matt Besler, who re-signed with Sporting KC in December, is another such example. “We think the [clubs’] ownership group should be allowed to spend some amount of money to retain those players,” explained Durbin, “to increase their contract amounts, to not have it count against the salary budget so that we’re able to keep them longer-term and make that investment in those players.’” Besides Zusi and Besler, the other players re-signed by their clubs using the same mechanism are Tony Beltran and Chris Schuler (RSL), Sam Cronin (San Jose), Diego Fagundez (New England), Jhon Kennedy Hurtado (Seattle), George John (FC Dallas), Juninho (LA Galaxy), Gershon Koffie (Vancouver), Dax McCarty (New York), Drew Moor and Marvell Wynne (Colorado) and Chris Pontius (D.C. United). All MLS teams are allotted a set dollar amount to be used as retention funds to apply toward eligible players. The league declined to provide exact eligibility criteria, but it is believed to be defined as younger than a certain age and with a minimum number of minutes played per season. Durbin declined to disclose the exact dollar value, but added that the funds are tradable assets, similar to allocation money.

Search This Blog Tuesday, November 25, 2008 We had one day after the Lion’s Conference with Faye before she left Israel – possibly for the last time. She wanted to go to the Wall in Jerusalem, so we hired a car and took her there for one last adventure before she left. We got to the Wall and Jan Greenfield (our Israeli staff person) and she covered the heads in scarves and to me they suddenly looked related. Faye talked about being here 15 years ago with her husband, before he died, and how much going to Israel, especially Jerusalem, meant to her. Throughout the entire day trip she marveled how Israel has changed with so many more buildings and people. As we walked the streets I heard a couple people stop and point to Faye saying, “That’s the Jewish partisan photographer.” She had become famous. On the way back to Tel Aviv and the airport, we stopped her at the Jewish partisan memorial. The Israeli soldiers there were honored to meet Faye and wanted to pose with her in a picture. Her trip here was amazing on so many levels. She touched over a thousand people at the Lion’s conference and made many friends for JPEF. I am humbled how this woman, turning 90 later this week, did this to help us tell her story, and the story of all Jewish partisans. She taught me a lesson about how independent she is—shattering any myths I might have had on the so-called “elderly”. When I asked her if we could arrange a ride home for her when she arrived in Toronto after a 12 hour flight, carrying luggage, and passing through quite a few time zones, she told me she did not want to bother anyone, and besides, “Once I get to Toronto I can get home myself. I’ll just take a taxi.” Monday, November 17, 2008 Jan Greenfield, our Israeli staff person and myself connected with hundreds of people personally throughout the conference and at our table, which was a constant hub of activity. We had three phenomenal events that put us over the top. First, there was our workshop. We were told that because of the timing (Saturday at 2:15pm) with many people out for Shabbat, we might only get 5-10 people. 130 showed up! We had to bring in more chairs—twice. People were turned away at the door. Faye had the whole room hanging on her every word. Next we had a private reception at the hotel room of Diane and Howard Wohl for a dozen of her friends. Just as we started the governor of Michigan, Jennifer M. Granholm, came in to hear what Faye had to say. On meeting the governor again in the elevator she thanked me for introducing her to Faye, and took some material. Looks like we have a good shot to get into their schools now as well. With barely an hour for Faye to rest, we then took a taxi to the Port of Tel Aviv to the exclusive Hanger 11, where the evening’s event was taking place—a gala dinner with 1,400 people – honoring women soldiers of Israel. Faye had to rehearse with the event director and their staff before the guests came. The opening ceremony included young Israeli folk dancers who got the whole Lions crown on their feet. The keynote speaker was Tzipi Livni, sitting at the next table. When Livni arrived it was a media event with dozens of cameras and her security detail. One of the only requests for the whole week Faye made of me was to get a photo of her with the foreign minister. It took some pushing through the crowd, but we got it.When it was Faye’s turn to speak, she was introduced with her photographs projected on the walls around the 140 tables. The visuals were spectacular. In her speech, she insisted she thank JPEF and me personally (I tried to dissuade her on the latter) for all the work we do—people clapped. When she was finished speaking Brigadier General Yehudit Grisaro came up with another woman soldier from the IDF and Faye literally passed the torch to the general, who passed it to young soldier. They held hands and the entire audience shot up giving them a loud and long-standing ovation. After the dinner there was dancing and Einat Sharuf, a well known Israeli singer, performed. People took this opportunity to get a photo with Faye or speak with her. She touched many lives this week. (More photos on our Flickr account soon to follow). Thursday, November 13, 2008 Yesterday was our first full day at Lion Conference. In the morning I worked on Faye’s closing night speech with her for two hours—she needed to put it in her own words vs what we wrote for her. The end product was much better. I had to convince her that Barack Obama and John McCain have speechwriters, and it is OK for her to have them as well. We set up in the ballroom area of the Tel Aviv Intercontinental. The ILOJC staff gave us a fantastic location and we put the mini-exhibit of her images around the room. The 1,100 attendees gathered in the room for a pre-dinner mixer before the opening plenary and dinner in the same area. We met a lot of supporters of JPEF there including Rick and Claudia Felson, Diane Wohl, and Ann Bear. Rick, who’s dad was a partisan took a special liking to Faye (and she to him). Rick tried to convince her to come to San Francisco when we open her exhibit at Berkeley Hillel/Lerhaus in March --I think he might have been successful! By the end of the evening, there was a line of 15 people by our table, all wanting autographed Faye posters and to talk with her. We made great connections with people from at least 15 different communities across the country who are very eager to bring the exhibit and JPEF to their community including Phoenix, St. Paul, Orange County, Palm Beach, Albuquerque, Chicago, and Houston. We did not leave the hotel until 10:30pm. Faye had a long day and we decided she would take the next day off –especially as it started at 8 am for her back in the same ballrooms. Faye was impressed by the lack of security on the conference until I showed her the many men with ear pieces around the hotel. They were thrilled to meet her and hear of her experiences. Faye wanted a photo with them. Here are a few more photos for yesterday as well. The one with the stage and lights was the opening ceremony which incredible production values -- Israeli singers and dancers with explosions of confetti. Faye also saw that many of the speakers were reading from prepared remarks like she will on Saturday night, making her feel much better about the process. Tuesday, November 11, 2008 It was a incredibly short trip from SFO to Tel Aviv, with a stop in New York to "unload" my wonderful four year old daughter with her grandparents for 10 days, as my wife Maggie has to work a major event AND watch our 18 month old son. Arrived and the weather was gorgeous as is the country. My wool overcoat from New York was quickly set aside as I gathered a box with 8 large of Faye Schulman's photographs, two heavy bags of JPEF literature and headed to the hotel. Traffic from airport to hotel was very slow. Felt like a commute from Berkeley to San Francisco on a bad traffic day. Too bad the country is getting so crowded here. Got to hotel across from beautiful Mediterranean and beach and none of that mattered. Did walk through with International Lion of Judah staff, Jan Greenfield from JPEF, and Faye. Faye continues to be so enthusiastic about being in Israel--the first time in 15 years and the fisrt time since her husband passed away. In afternoon went to Jewish Partisan Organization in Tel Aviv and met with their ED, Baruch Shub who is a former partisan and is helping us bring women partisans to the Lion closing ceremony Saturday night where Tzipi Livni and Faye Schulman are both addressing the crowd of 1,400. Baruch and his staff use our website all the time and were also impressed with Defiance website and trailer (they did not yet hear of film).Have meet many people VERY interested in bring Faye from places including Texas and Massachusetts. Going to explore the Tel Aviv evening as a nap I took during the day has rendered me pretty much awake at 9:40 pm Israel time. Purchase Tickets now for JPEF's 2017 Gala Celebrating the Jewish Partisans - Teaching and Preserving Their Legacies. Sunday, November 5th from 5:00 - 9:00 PM at Guastavinos in New York City. Featuring keynote speaker, Jon Avnet, Writer and Director of the miniseries Uprising, and honoring Matthew Bielski, grandson of Zus Bielski (z''l) and Elliott Felson, JPEF's Board President and son of Don Felson (z''l), the Gala will celebrate the remarkable contributions of partisans who have passed away and recognizing the third generation, who continue to inspire others by sharing their families' stories. For tickets and information click here, or contact Sheri Rosenblum at 415-563-2244 or email [email protected]. Current JPEF Highlights We are collaborating with Facing History and Ourselves to bring the Jewish partisans to over 100,000 educators in their network. Facing History has integrated many of JPEF's educational materials into their online resource offerings and professional development trainings. A special section of their website is devoted to the study of the Jewish partisans, and features JPEF partisans and active links to JPEF's site. 54 of JPEF's Jewish partisans are now featured in the Personal Stories section of theUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia. Their vital stories are now being shared with over a million annual visitors to USHMM's website. Watch for JPEF at the 97th Annual Conference of the National Council for the Social Studies. November 17-19 in San Francisco. Follow by Email Popular Topics ASK A PARTISAN Q: Hello my name is Joshua i would like to know what rifle or weapon that was carried by yall im doing a realistic fiction book and would like to know what weapon was carried on average.–Age 14 A: Starting in December of 1942 I carried two weapons - a rifle and a revolver, both of which were locally available and likely Polish made. Later on, In July of 1943, we received a shipment of Arms from the Red Army via parachute drop. From then on, I began carrying a 'Pe-Pe-Sha' soviet machine gun, a German Luger and 2 hand grenades. Thank you for the inquiry, –Frank Blaichman * * * Q: What was the social hierarchy like in these partisan groups–Age 15 A: In Russian partisan brigades, different units may have had different protocols, especially the all-Jewish Bielski Otriad. In the Stalinskaya Brigade that I was a part of, many of the partisans had been commanding officers in the Russian Army or were escaped POWs. They generally assumed the positions that they held in the Russian Army. Each brigade had a commanding officer who would appoint battalion heads. All officers were appointed, but you could rise through to other positions like being a scout by volunteering. There was antisemitism in my unit and they treated the Jews a bit differently. Because I was young and Jewish, I had to prove myself. –Allen Small JPEF Tweets: Our T-Shirts Are Back! We have shirts featuring both Eta Wrobel and Zus Bielski in men's and women's sizes, with your choice of standard and organic material. You can also choose which color your shirt will be and whether you want an image on the front and back, or just the front. For cost effectiveness, JPEF is having Cafe Press handle all shirt sales at 0% profit for JPEF.

For-profit grads don’t land more job interviews "This study shows that no significant difference exists with respect to generating employer interest between individuals with community college and for-profit degrees," says Cory Koedel. "For many people, community college may be the better option financially." (Credit: Truthout.org/Flickr) Hiring managers show no preference for hiring people with for-profit college credentials compared to those holding comparable credentials from public community colleges, a new study finds. Although enrollment and graduation numbers have risen in for-profit colleges over the last decade, little is known about how employers perceive potential employees with for-profit college degrees on their resumes. Cory Koedel, an associate professor of economics and public policy at the University of Missouri and its Truman School of Public Affairs, says this finding is important for people deciding whether to pursue two-year college degrees. “Tuition at for-profit colleges can be as much as five times higher than at two-year community colleges,” Koedel says. “When people are weighing their higher-education options, tuition cost and the ability to gain employment after school should be considered heavily. “This study shows that no significant difference exists with respect to generating employer interest between individuals with community college and for-profit degrees. For many people, community college may be the better option financially.” For their study, Koedel, Rajeev Darolia, an assistant professor in the Truman School of Public Affairs, and their coauthors, randomly generated thousands of resumes that included either a for-profit college credential, a two-year community college credential, or only a high school diploma. The researchers then sent the resumes to a number of job openings for open positions in fields including sales, customer service, information technology, medical assistance, and office and administrative assistance. They found that hiring managers called back to inquire about fake candidates at the same rate, regardless of whether the candidates held community college or for-profit credentials. “It is clear that employers are not placing any kind of higher value on for-profit credentials relative to community college credentials,” Koedel says. “While for-profit colleges may be a good solution for some people, they are expensive, and our study indicates that there are other, more cost-effective education options that are perceived similarly by employers.”

Comic 29 - HC01- Hazardous Author Notes: the first page of the halloween crossover. you can see Grey Fox from Hey Fox. also, i participated in the autumn fan art exchange.this is the wonderful fanart from namependingcreations.this is the fanart i made for the feloran chronicles. Permalinks: Copy this comic strip into LiveJournal, your blog or Myspace with this code:

U.K Patent 2,243,264B issued to Cintel discloses the use of a modified telecine machine to scan at high definition. The film is scanned in "Non Real Time", with each frame being scanned a number of times. Each partial scan for a frame covers only a portion of the pixels. The partial scans are then re-combined to produce data representing the entire frame, and output can then be provided at true film rate. In Cintel's Patent, each frame is considered as divided into a number of pixels suitable for high definition output. Each pixel will be one quarter of the size of normal definition pixels relative to the film and there will be four times as many of them per frame. The frame is then divided into a number of blocks, each containing four of the high definition pixels. A first scan is carried out, in which only one pixel in each block is analysed. The data is stored. The scan is then shifted and another pixel in each block is then analysed. This is repeated until each pixel in each block has been analysed. In practice therefore using a block consisting of two pixels on one scanning line and two on the next scanning line, there will be four interleaved partial scans, one covering odd lines and odd pixels, one odd lines and even pixels, one even lines and odd pixels and finally even lines and even pixels. The information from the four partial scans is then recombined to provide data representing the entire frame, and this data is then stored in a frame store for subsequent output. In this manner, a telecine machine which has been designed essentially for normal definition output can be modified to produce high definition output. In my co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/317,329 entitled "High Definition Colour Correction" filed on Oct. 4, 1994 I disclose a system for colour correcting images in such high definition systems. In addition to the possibility of interleaved scanning as disclosed in Cintel. I also refer to the possibility of dividing the frame into four quadrants which are scanned separately, such as top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right. In the above systems, it is assumed that there is no problem in re-constituting the image of the entire frame from the partial scans. For example, in Cintel the system knows that the successive partial scans have been shifted by one pixel horizontally and/or vertically and it is this displacement that will be assumed when the complete image is re-constituted. However, I have now realised that there can be inaccuracies in this assumption. The nature of the above systems is that each partial scan takes the same time as a complete scan at normal resolution. To completely scan a frame with the four successive partial scans will take four times as long as scanning a frame once at normal resolution. In this extended period, errors may occur which will affect undesirably the spatial alignment of the successive partial scans. In a flying spot system, for example, one source of errors will be possible fluctuations in the background magnetic field between the successive partial scans. Such changes in background magnetic field will affect the deflection of the electron beam with the cathode ray tube and thus the position of the light spot formed on the phosphorised face of the tube. The resultant deviation of the beam of light passing to the film frame for one partial scan as compared to another partial scan will mean that positional and rotational discrepancies and discontinuities may occur when the partial scans are combined to re-constitute the complete frame. This is extremely undesirable. Re-constituting partial images has been proposed in another field. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,228 dated Jan. 31, 1995, issued to Tadashi Okino, there is disclosed an image pickup device used, for example, in a home video camera. Okino addresses the problem of physically fitting together image pickup elements such as CCD's in sufficient density for higher resolution use. In Okino, this particular physical problem is solved by scanning the complete image in one pass, but then splitting the transmitted light into portions which are directed simultaneously to different arrays of pickup elements. Each of these arrays is arranged physically only to receive light from a particular part of the image. In one preferred arrangement in Okino, the light from a scan is passed simultaneously to four separate arrays, each arranged physically to respond to light form a different quadrant of the image. Because there is a single scan and the light for the four quadrants is analysed simultaneously, there is no problem with errors occurring between partial scans and Okino does not consider the manner in which the image portions from the four arrays are re-combined in spatial alignment. Okino deals with the problem that the differences in optical paths and pickup sensitivities for the four different quadrants may lead to undesirable differences in intensities, and deals with this by overlapping the quadrants and analysing the intensities in the overlapping regions. Such a problem does not arise in the telecine systems described earlier, because the partial scans are carried out sequentially and the light in each follows the same optical path to the same sensors. The simultaneous handling of quadrants as in Okino is inappropriate for the telecine systems described earlier. Not only would the additional hardware make the apparatus extremely complicated, but there would be the problem of having to scan at high resolution rates and to handle a real time data stream comprising simultaneous data for the entire image at high resolution. There thus remains as a need for a telecine system in which there can be carried out successive partial scans at normal resolution, followed by re-constitution of the entire image at high resolution, but without the problems arising from discrepancies arising during the period over which the successive scans are carried out.

Karl Bélanger Karl Bélanger (born 1975) is the President of the Douglas-Coldwell Foundation. He was the interim National Director of the New Democratic Party (NDP) of Canada from January 23, 2016 to September 12, 2016. He was principal secretary to NDP Leader Tom Mulcair during his tenure as Leader of the Official Opposition. Bélanger was a member of NDP Leader Jack Layton's team, serving as senior press secretary. He also was his principal secretary for Quebec in spring 2009, ahead of the Quebec Orange Crush. He remained senior press secretary under the interim leadership of Nycole Turmel, who later gave him one of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee medals every member of parliament was allowed to hand out. He was the spokesman for Alexa McDonough when she was NDP Leader and has worked for the party since the 1997 federal election. Bélanger is a native of Quebec City. He was a candidate in the 1993 federal election in the riding of Jonquière, and in the 1996 federal by-election in Lac-Saint-Jean. He was president of the from 1994 to 1998 and vice-president of the New Democratic Youth of Canada from 1995 to 1997. As a party spokesperson, he appears regularly on CPAC's political panels and on CTV's Power Play, and is a regular columnist in The Hill Times. He is also a regular guest on radio stations including CJAD, CFRA and CINW. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Université Laval in Quebec City in 1997. He previously had received a college degree in arts and media technology at the Jonquière CEGEP in 1995. Alan Kellogg of the Edmonton Journal called Bélanger "a Great Canadian" for his longtime work as assistant to the NDP leader. Bélanger placed numerous times on the Terrific Twenty-Five Staffers List, as put together by the Hill Times, based on a survey of parliamentary staff. He was listed as #3 in 2014. He is portrayed by Joel S. Keller in the 2013 CBC Television film Jack. Bélanger lives in Chelsea, Quebec. References Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian political consultants Category:New Democratic Party candidates for the Canadian House of Commons Category:Université Laval alumni Category:People from Quebec City Category:People from Chelsea, Quebec

This invention relates generally to a machine for handling parts and more specifically relates to a parts handling machine of the same general type as disclosed in Dixon U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,247. In that machine, a gripping mechanism having a pair of opposing jaws is mounted on a carriage and is adapted to be shifted horizontally and vertically to pick a part out of a track and to transfer the part to a different position. The carriage is advanced and retracted by a reversible actuator.

Fantasy Baseball: Top 10 Bounce-Back players With no Dodgers or Angels making the cut, here’s a look at my 10 favorite bounce-back players who should deliver the most bang for your buck this season: John Axford, Indians, relief pitcher: After averaging 35 saves in his first three seasons, Axford lost his closer job in April and wound up with zero saves. Milwaukee traded Axford in July to St. Louis, where it was revealed that he was tipping his pitches. Still armed with a high-octane fastball that produces a plethora of strikeouts, Axford could be a top-10 closer that’s going in the 17th round. Curtis Granderson, Mets, outfield: The Grandy Man was done in by two errant pitches last year, fracturing his forearm in spring training then his pinky in May. He was limited to 61 games, resulting in just seven homers after averaging 42 the previous two seasons. The groupthink on Granderson moving across town from the Yankees to the Mets will result in far fewer homers with the switch in ballparks, but he was only marginally better in Yankee Stadium over the past three season – 49 homers at home to 42 on the road. Granderson could return fourth-round value at a 10th-round price. Jason Heyward, Braves, outfield: Despite a second-half surge after being inserted into the leadoff spot, Heyward’s production fell from 27 homers to 14 and 21 steals to two over the past two seasons. Heyward has Kemp’s ceiling without all the surgeries and can be a top-20 player being drafted in the sixth round. Tim Lincecum, Giants, SP: The two-time Cy Young winner is coming off a second straight disappointing season, averaging 10 wins with a 4.76 ERA in that time. His main bugaboo has been the long ball, which if he gets back under control in cavernous AT&T Park could make him a top-20 starting pitcher being drafted in the in the 20th round. Advertisement Miguel Montero, Diamondbacks, catcher: Montero slumped from 88 RBIs in 2012 to 42 last year and dropped from a .286 average to .230. He maintained his normal walk rate and didn’t see a major uptick in strikeouts. It appears the bad season was mostly just a case of too many balls being hit right at defenders. Montero should be able to get back to being a top-10 catcher that you can get around the 20th round. Angel Pagan, Giants, outfield: Pagain was felled by a hamstring tear last year that eventually required surgery and cost him over half the season. He was coming off a three-year run where he averaged 33 steals and nine homers, but managed just nine steals and five homers last season. Concerns over how the hamstring injury may affect the 32-year-old’s basestealing have Pagan going in the 21st round, about ten rounds later than he went the year before. As cheap as Pagan can be had, there’s very little risk for what could be a tidy reward. Josh Reddick, A’s, outfield: Reddick was bothered by wrist problems all season that wound up needing surgery in October. Reddick followed up his 32-homer breakout of 2012 with just 12 homers last season - five coming in a two-game outburst in August. There were two very good signs hidden in the disappointing season - his walk rate rose to a healthy 10.4% while his strikeout rate fell to 19.5%. The surgery was more of a cleanup, so I’m confident a big-time bounce-back is coming from the powerful outfielder being drafted in the 18th round. CC Sabathia, Yankees, starting pitcher: The Yankees ace never looked to be at full strength last year coming back from offseason surgery and finished with an unsightly 4.78 ERA. A thinned-down Sabathia picked up steam as spring training went on, giving me confidence that he can get back to being the 230-inning horse he was. He’s going in about the 15th round but could pay off like a fifth-rounder. Mark Teixeira, Yankees, first base: Teixeira suffered a wrist injury last spring training that would eventually require season-ending surgery after a brief 15-game stint where he hit .151. His swing’s been a little slow to come around this spring training, but the chance to get a player who averaged 34 homers and 110 RBIs in his first 10 seasons is too much to pass up in the 16th round. Dan Uggla, 2B, Braves: Uggla has been prone to long slumps before, but he was unable to break out of a tailspin that resulted in a .179 average last season. He was having vision problems that were addressed with lasik surgery last August, but the results didn’t show on the field with a .091 post-surgery average that got him left off Atlanta’s postseason roster. Uggla has looked good this spring and could get back to his 30-homer ways for the low price of a 24th-round pick (if your draft even goes that far!). B.J. Upton, Braves, outfield: In the pantheon of bad seasons, Upton’s 2013 campaign ranks down there with the worst of them as he hit .184 with nine homers, 30 runs and 26 RBIs in 126 games. Fantasy owners are completely writing off a player who averaged 17 homers, 84 runs, 69 RBIs and 37 steals in his first five full seasons. Even a modest recovery would make him a steal going in the 21st round.

Our Politics newsletter is now daily. Join thousands of others and get the latest Scottish politics news sent straight to your inbox. Subscribe Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid Email SNP Holyrood campaign bosses might be in a bit of bother with their leader after an election poster appeared with her NAME spelled wrongly. A billboard which should have read ‘Nicola Sturgeon for First Minister’ somehow slipped through with ‘Nicola Stugeon for First Minister’. Social media users were quick to jump on the blooper which was posted on Twitter by a user with the name @no2wind. Read more: It comes just six months after Sturgeon mocked Labour for a spelling gaffe at their annual conference in Perth. A party political broadcast posted online aimed at boosting Kezia Dugdale’s message to youngsters misspelled generation as “genertaion”. Read more: Sturgeon jumped on Twitter to joke: “I hope @scottishlabour have a good conference in Preth! #illgemycoat”. Watch: Video: Excruciating moment schools minister Nick Gibb gets primary school SATS question WRONG!

Ask HN: How would you handle this design dilemma? - edw519 I'm having a dilemma where 2 of my cardinal design philosphies are at odds with each other.<p>Guideline #1. Anytime data is entered into a textbox, it should be acted upon immediately. If it's invalid, it should be rejected NOW. If it affects other data on the screen, that data should be changed NOW. If it causes navigation, that navigation should happen NOW. Note that this is not your standard "fill out a form hit Submit" logic.<p>Guideline #2. If the user wants to navigate somewhere, that should also happen NOW. If he clicks on a link, he should be taken there NOW. If he wants to change his view, that should happen NOW. If he wants to enter another field, he should just click there and his focus should move NOW.<p>What should I do if my user enters data that requires some action AND wants to navigate <i>at the same time</i>? Which is more urgent, dealing with the data entered or going where he wants to go?<p>For example, he enters invalid data in a textbox, but before hitting "Tab" or "Enter" he clicks on a link. Or he clicks on another field on the page. Should I make him deal with the invalid data now, then navigate? Or should I navigate and hold that data in suspense? Or should I navigate and discard the text box entry altogether?<p>I know this sounds trivial, but lately it's driving me nuts.<p>Any thoughts? ====== qhoxie I agree that navigation is generally paramount, but some considerations: I don't think that silently discarding the data is the best option. Depeding on the flow of the site, it is possible that notifying them that data will be lost is an option, but also a hinderance to their navigation. Based on that, something to explore would be saving the data to be repopulated when/if they return to the form. Obviously that can be a lot more complex than it sounds, so it would take some planning to make it fluid. ~~~ edw519 _saving the data to be repopulated when/if they return to the form_ I think this is my best option. I hate dialog boxes. My only concern would be the user wondering where that data came from. But, then again, _he's_ the one who entered it in the first place, so now he has to deal with it. Maybe a tooltip explanation at this point would help. Thanks all for the great feedback! ------ aston In general, I think navigation trumps everything. Assuming the user knows they're navigating, they're expressing intent to leave whatever they're currently in. Any roadblocks will be an annoyance. ------ blogimus Is the data in the text box to be validated only when leaving the box, or during typing (I'm not assuming browser or native application here)? As qhoxie mentioned, not simply discarding but warning the user or saving a cache if the text box contains more than a simple few characters. When/if the user returns to the page/panel/dialog, scope is immediately brought back to the "unfinished" box and validation can continue. ------ solost If you are using some sort of enter button to have the user submit their data and they fail to do so before navigating away from the page, then navigation should happen and the data in the text box should be lost. Otherwise the text box data should be acted upon as soon as the user hits the submit button. ------ jds527 Suggestion: Alert box/modal window/whatever: "This will discard the information you entered in [xxx]. Continue?" a la Safari's "Are you sure you want to reload this page? You have entered text on ... If you reload the page, your changes will be lost ... reload anyway?". ------ gstar How does the design of your site work? Can you persist the data into the pages that they navigate to? ~~~ edw519 yes

HappySeed Rails The rails application template and generators are the bulk of the happy_seed gem. When you first call happy_seed it sets up a new rails project using the application template. There are a number of things that are setup to get things going, as documented in the base document and then you are prompted to see what other generators you want to run. You should be able to run these generators at any time. Some require the use of others (for example, sign in with twitter requires devise) and they will generally check to make sure that their dependancies are met.

If you want to identify native plants it helps to know something about plant families and their characteristics. The aim of the course was to help the class learn how to learn - using observation, guesswork and reference books. After a quick session on bushland and botany in the yurt at Katandra Bushland Sanctuary we sallied forth to practise identification with the help of Les Robinson's Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney. This is a must have book. Katandra provided Bush Pea, Pink Waxflower and Boronia mollis to start the group on the skill of keying out as a means of identification. This is like solving a puzzle by answering a series of questions about the plant. With the help of hand lenses we looked for glands on wattle foliage, observed leaves - their venation, translucent oil dots and their arrangement on stems, counted the number of petals, their shape and arrangement. For more plants we went to the heathland of the Chiltern Trail on Chiltern Rd Ingleside. We puzzled over this Hakea with large warty fruit. Its spring flowers were gone. After debate we thought it was probably Hakea propinqua. Scribbly Gum, Eucalyptus haemastoma, is the food plant of a tiny moth that lays its eggs on the bark. The caterpillar tunnels for some wiggly distance, then turns around and retraces its route before pupating and emerging as a moth. The visible scribbles were made by last year's caterpillars. This season's bark will later be shed to reveal the tunnels of this year's grubs. Grey Spider Flower and several peas were flowering. Dillwynia floribunda has dense clusters of flower at the end of its stems. How do we know it's a Dillwynia? Because it has 'Mickey Mouse ears'. Come to our next course to find out what that means.

Tuesday, January 12, 2016 2016: State Of Affairs In Wine Happy New Year! As it is every January, replacing last year's calendar anew is a time of both reflection and contemplation of what lies ahead. This year, articulating vision and arriving at conclusions have been more elusive than ever. Perhaps it's mid-life, or maybe it's the volatility of the world around us - micro and macro. Relating to wine writing, I'm overdue on a number of items: Best Wines of the Year, Year in Review, Predictions For 2016, and, of course, the (now too late to even bother with) Gift Giving Ideas. Some of these will come easily, but those requiring a sense of calm in perspective, well, those will demand some laboring. You see, there's been a bit of a cloud hanging over my wine musings for some months now - and it's like quicksand. The more I wrestle, the more I wrestle. And while I hesitate to greet the new year with anything other than optimism, there are some actionable takeaways for the thoughtful wine consumer. Here it is: Wine isn't getting any better. It's getting worse. Can I be more specific? Sure. Domestically produced wines (both red and white), but particularly red in the $12-25 price range, have continued a stylistic about-face (or death spiral) that began with the 2013 vintage and continue to reveal up the price line as more expensive wines are released. This not-so-subtle shift can be broadly characterized by overextraction, high alcohol and residual sugar, simplicity, viscosity, overmanipulation, strong caramel and vanilla influences, muted and clumsy acidity, gloppy fruit, and an overall dumbing down of character and complexity. While prices have continued to rise, quality - at least as measured by the aforementioned characteristics - has dropped like a fart in church. Winemakers will tell you that they are simply channeling what Mother Nature is delivering. By that they mean that the planet is warming, which makes for grapes that have very high sugars before they reach full phenolic ripeness. That makes sense and there's ample proof of it. But the majority of wines available to the average consumer appears to be designed by focus groups more than winemakers, so the average winemaker is shouting into the storm. In contrast, trend trackers will tell you the reason for this change in flavor profiles is merely an industry catering to consumers' evolving tastes. In other words, our collective craving is tilting strongly towards candy syrup. By my casual observations, both of these are likely contributing factors, not that understanding the pathology of it makes it any easier to digest. Bottom line is that, thanks to the diverging trajectories of quality and cost, buying wine made in the USA is riskier than it has been since the modernization of the domestic industry. But there's good news amid this bleakness. Euro v Dollar 2006-16 Outside the US, wine styles seem to be maintaining long-held traditions, despite the fact that global warming does not discriminate. Though there are some exceptions - new wines made in the "international style" - wines that have been produced for decades continue to hold true to their heritage. More specifically, Italy and France keep cranking out food-friendly wines of substantial character and value - as they have for centuries. And the impact of the strong dollar is a sweet bonus. Thanks to long-term import financing, currency fluctuations take a long time to work their way through the system, but the euro's current decline began in April of 2014. At a minimum, this means that US consumers are at least somewhat protected from price increases on European wines - as compared to 20%+ increases on domestic products. Chianti, anyone? So, if you're smart and you like good quality wines at a reasonable price, I expect to find you in the Old World aisles in 2016. Cheers and happy drinking.

Tag: ‘taxes’ As TaxVox readers know by now, House Republicans now require the Joint Committee on Taxation and the Congressional Budget Office to include macroeconomic effects when they produce budget scores of major bills. The GOP hoped this would show that tax cuts would generate so much new economic activity that they’d lose much less revenue than […] This is one of a series of guest TaxVox blog posts discussing dynamic scoring. The House recently changed the rules of budget scoring: The Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation will now account for macroeconomic effects when estimating the budget impacts of major legislation. Here are three things you should know as […] This is one of a series of guest TaxVox blog posts discussing dynamic scoring House Ways & Means Committee Chairman Paul Ryan has claimed that the House dynamic scoring rule would generate more information. But the new rule asks for an official cost estimate that reflects only a single estimate of a bill’s supposed impact […] Many tax subsidies help new businesses, especially those financed with borrowed money and organized to avoid the corporate income tax . However, large numbers of start-ups may not benefit from this largess, according to a new study by my Tax Policy Center colleagues Joe Rosenberg and Donald Marron. Startups and those that lose money in […] After President Obama proposed, and rapidly abandoned, a plan to curb the tax advantages of Sec. 529 college savings accounts, several wise observers, including my friend David Wessel at Brookings, saw an object lesson for broad-based tax reform. To wit: If lawmakers can’t ditch a single $1 billion tax break, how could they possibly agree to […] Pardon me for being confused. Two weeks ago, voters turned the Senate and several state houses over to Republicans and increased the GOP majority in the House. Now, in a new Wall Street Journal-NBC News poll, (firewall) Americans have firmly embraced—a Democratic agenda. They want more government spending on roads and Ebola, They want to […] The Cato Institute has organized an online forum to debate pro-growth economic policy reforms. Tax Policy Center scholars Bill Gale, Donald Marron, and Eric Toder have each contributed to the discussion. As policy makers search for ways to raise economic growth and improve the living standards of future generations, a major priority should be to get […] Republicans had a very good day yesterday. But can they translate their ballot-box success into a positive legislative agenda? It won’t be easy but here are six clues: Mitch McConnell: He is a brilliant legislative tactician. We know he’ll use those skills to try to outmaneuver Democratic Leader Harry Reid but will he also use […] Congress is in recess through the mid-term elections. The Daily Deduction will post each Monday until then. Stranger than fiction: The IRS, “structuring,” and asset seizures. A business’ cash deposits, if under $10,000, do not trigger a government reporting requirement. But that could look like “structuring” to the IRS: Keeping cash deposits low specifically to […] Over the past week, three senior Washington lawmakers released foundational documents that describe both their agendas and their perspectives on government. On one level, they paint vastly different pictures. Yet, a close reading also pinpoints some surprising and important areas of agreement—more perhaps than the players would publicly admit. President Obama’s fiscal year 2015 budget […]

--- author: - Mikhail Khovanov title: '**NilCoxeter algebras categorify the Weyl algebra**' --- §[S]{} ł ø ł[l]{} H \#1\#2\#3\#4 { [ll]{} \#1 & \#2\ \#3 & \#4 . \#1 Introduction {#intro} ============ In this paper we present an example of elaborate categorical structures hidden in very simple algebraic objects. We look at the algebra of polynomial differential operators in one variable $x,$ also known as the Weyl algebra, and its irreducible representation in the ring of polynomials $\Q[x].$ We construct an abelian category $\C$ whose Grothendieck group can be naturally identified with the ring of polynomials and define exact functors $F_X: \C \to \C$ and $F_D: \C \to \C$ such that \(a) on the Grothendieck group $K(\C)$ of the category $\C$ functors $F_X$ and $F_D$ act as the multiplication by $x$ and differentiation, respectively, \(b) there is a functor isomorphism $F_D F_X\cong F_X F_D\oplus \mbox{Id},$ which lifts the defining relation $\partial x = x \partial +1$ of the Weyl algebra, \(c) functors $F_X$ and $F_D$ have nice adjointness properties: $F_X$ is left adjoint to $F_D$ and right adjoint to $F_D,$ twisted by an automorphism of $\C.$ The category $\C$ is the direct sum of categories $\C_n$ over all $n\ge 0,$ where $\C_n$ is the category of finite dimensional representations of the nilCoxeter algebra $A_n,$ which is generated by $Y_i, 1\le i \le n-1,$ subject to relations $Y_i^2=0, Y_i Y_j=Y_j Y_i$ for $|i-j|>1$ and $Y_i Y_{i+1} Y_i = Y_{i+1} Y_i Y_{i+1}.$ The nilCoxeter algebra is the algebra of divided difference operators (see Macdonald \[M\], Fomin and Stanley \[FS\]) $$Y_i f= \frac{f- s_i f}{x_{i+1}-x_i},$$ where $f$ is a polynomial in $x_1, \dots , x_n$ and $s_i f(x_1, \dots , x_n) = f(x_1, \dots, x_{i+1}, x_i , \dots, x_n).$ Functors $F_X$ and $F_D$ are induction and restriction functors associated to the inclusion of algebras $A_n \hookrightarrow A_{n+1}.$ The following holds \(d) functors $F_X$ and $F_D,$ restricted to each $C_n,$ are indecomposable. It seems likely that ours is the only example (up to obvious modifications of base change, etc.) of an abelian category $\C= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}} \C_n$ and exact functors $F_X$ and $F_D$ satisfying conditions (a)-(d) above. In Section \[Weyl\] we study these and other properties of the category $\C$ and functors $F_X,F_D.$ In Section \[bialgebra\] we equip $\C$ with a bialgebra-category structure. Specifically, inclusions of algebras $A_n \otimes A_m \hookrightarrow A_{n+m}$ give rise to induction and restriction functors, which, when summed over all $n,m\ge 0,$ become functors $M: \C^{\o 2} \lra \C$ and $\Delta: \C \to \C^{\o 2}$ between $\C$ and its second tensor power $\C^{\otimes 2}.$ These functors are exact, boast neat adjointness properties and on the Grothendieck group descend to the multiplication and comultiplication in the commutative, cocommutative Hopf algebra $\Q[x]$ of polynomials in one variable. The associativity relation for the multiplication, coassociativity of the comultiplication and the consistency relation between the multiplication and comultiplication become isomorphisms of functors. We check that these isomorphisms satisfy the coherence relations of Crane and Frenkel \[CF\] for a bialgebra-category. In Section \[graded\] we sketch how working with graded modules and bimodules over the nilCoxeter algebra yields a categorification of the quantum Weyl algebra and of the quantum deformation of the Hopf algebra $H.$ The grading shift automorphism in the category of graded modules descends to a map of Grothendieck groups which we interpret as the multiplication by $q.$ In Section \[wreath\] we present a simple generalization of our construction to cross-products and provide a short comment on the relation of our work to Ariki’s realization \[A\] of highest weight modules over affine Lie algebras. [*Acknowledgements:* ]{} This work was done during my very nice stay at the Institute for Advanced Study. I would like to thank the Institute and the NSF for supporting me with grants DMS 97-29992 and DMS 96-27351. The Weyl algebra and bimodules over the nilCoxeter algebra {#Weyl} ========================================================== The Weyl algebra {#the-Weyl} ---------------- The Weyl algebra $W$ is the algebra of differential operators with polynomial coefficients in one variable. For our purposes define $W$ as the algebra over $\Z$ with the unit $1,$ generators $x, \partial$ and defining relation $\partial x= x\partial +1.$ Let $R_{\Q}$ be the $\Q$-vector space $R_{\Q}$ spanned by $x^0,x^1, x^2,\dots$ . $W$ acts on $R_{\Q}$ via $x\cdot x^i= x^{i+1}$ and $\partial \cdot x^i = i x^{i-1}.$ Abelian subgroups $R$ and $R'$ of $R_{\Q},$ generated by $\{ x^i/i! \}_{i=0}^{\infty}$ and $\{ x^i\}_{i=0}^{\infty},$ respectively, are $W$-submodules of $R_{\Q},$ i.e. the action of $x$ and $\partial$ has integral coefficients in each of these two bases. The Weyl algebra has an antiinvolution $\tau: W\to W$ with $$\tau(x)= \partial, \hspace{0.15in} \tau(\partial) =x \hspace{0.15in} \mbox{ and } \hspace{0.15in} \tau(ab) = \tau(b)\tau(a) \hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ for } \hspace{0.1in} a,b\in W.$$ Let $(,)$ be the symmetric bilinear form on $R_{\Q}$ defined by $(x^i,x^j) = \delta_{i,j} i!.$ This form is $\tau$-invariant: $$( y a,b) = (a,\tau(y) b) \hspace{0.1in} \mbox{for} \hspace{0.1in} y \in W, \hspace{0.1in} a,b \in R_{\Q},$$ and it restricts to an integer valued bilinear product $(,): R' \times R \to \Z.$ The nilCoxeter algebra {#nilCoxeter} ---------------------- Let $A_n$ be the unital algebra over $\Q$ generated by $Y_1, \dots , Y_{n-1}$ with defining relations $$\label{three} \begin{array}{rcl} Y_i^2 & = & 0 \\ & & \\ Y_i Y_j & = & Y_j Y_i \hspace{0.2in} |i-j|>1 \\ & & \\ Y_i Y_{i+1} Y_i & = & Y_{i+1} Y_i Y_{i+1}. \end{array}$$ Fomin and Stanley \[FS\] call $A_n$ [*the nilCoxeter algebra*]{}. It originally appeared in the work of Bernstein, Gelfand and Gelfand \[BGG\] on the cohomology of flag varieties and was later investigated and generalized in various ways by Lascoux and Schützenberger \[LS\], Macdonald \[Mc\], Kostant and Kumar \[KK\], Fomin and Stanley \[FS\] and others. Note that if we change the first relation in (\[three\]) to $Y_i^2=1,$ we obtain the group algebra of the symmetric group, which is, indeed, closely related to the nilCoxeter algebra: \[nice-prop\] The algebra $A_n$ is isomorphic to the algebra which is spanned over $\Q$ by $Y_{w},$ as $w$ ranges over elements of the symmetric group $\S_n,$ with the multiplication $$\begin{array}{rcl} Y_{w_1} Y_{w_2} & = & Y_{w_1 w_2}\hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ if } \hspace{0.1in} l(w_1w_2)= l(w_1)+ l(w_2), \\ & & \\ Y_{w_1} Y_{w_2} & = & 0 \hspace{0.35in} \mbox{ otherwise,} \end{array}$$ where $l(w)$ is the standard length function on the symmetric group, the number of inversions created by $w.$ The isomorphism is given by sending the generator $Y_i$ of $A_n$ to $Y_{s_i}$ where $s_i= (i,i+1)$ is the transposition of $i$ and $i+1.$ In particular, $A_n$ has dimension $n!.$ Note that $A_0= A_1=\Q.$ Introduce a trace map $\tr_n: A_n\to \Q$ by $$\begin{array}{rcl} \tr_n(Y_{w_0}) & = & 1 \hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ where } w_0 \mbox{ is the longest permutation,} \hspace{0.1in} w_0(i)= n-i, \\ & & \\ \tr_n(Y_w) & = & 0 \hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ if } w\not= w_0. \end{array}$$ The trace map $\tr_n$ is nondegenerate and makes $A_n$ into a Frobenius algebra. [*P*roof:]{} When we say that the trace map is nongenerate we mean that for each $y\in A_n, y\not=0$ we can find $y'\in A_n$ such that $\tr_n(y y')=1.$ Algebras with a nondegenerate trace map are called Frobenius algebras. The basic properties of the length function in the symmetric group imply that $\tr_n$ is nondegenerate. $\square$ For more information about Frobenius algebras we refer the reader to Yamagata \[Y\] and references therein. Let $B_1,B_2$ be finite-dimensional algebras over a field $k$ and $N$ a finite-dimensional $(B_1,B_2)$-bimodule. Then $N^{\ast}= \Hom_k(N,k)$ is naturally a $(B_2, B_1)$-bimodule. The duality functor $\ast$ is a contravariant equivalence between categories of finite-dimensional $(B_1, B_2)$-bimodules and $(B_2,B_1)$-bimodules. When $B_2=k,$ the duality functor $\ast$ is a contravariant equivalence between categories of left and right $B_1$-modules. If $B_1$ has an automorphism $\nu,$ we can use it to twist the left action of $B_1$ on a bimodule $N:$ for $y\in B_1$ and $t\in N$ the twisted left action of $B_1$ is $\nu(y)t.$ We will denote the resulting bimodule by $_{\nu}N.$ An automorphism $\nu$ of $B_2$ allows to twist the right action of $B_2$ on $N,$ we denote the resulting bimodule by $N_{\nu}.$ Any algebra $B$ is a bimodule over itself in the obvious way. Denote by $\psi_n$ the involution of $A_n$ which takes $Y_i$ to $Y_{n-i}$ and by $A_n^{\psi}$ the algebra $A_n$ as a bimodule over itself with the right action twisted by $\psi_n.$ Let $1_n^{\psi}\in A_n^{\psi}$ be the image of $1\in A_n$ under the isomorphism $A_n \stackrel{\cong}{\longrightarrow} A_n^{\psi}$ of right $A_n$-modules, so that $1_n^{\psi} Y_i = Y_{n-i} 1_n^{\psi}.$ \[iso-iso\] $A_n$-bimodules $A_n^{\ast}$ and $A_n^{\psi}$ are isomorphic. [*P*roof: ]{} For $w\in \S_n$ let $Y_w^{\ast}\in A_n^{\ast}$ be the functional $$Y_w^{\ast}(Y_{\sigma}) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $\sigma w= w_0$}, \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ It is easy to check that the map $A_n^{\ast}\to A_n^{\psi}$ given by $Y_w^{\ast} \longmapsto Y_w 1_n^{\psi}$ is a bimodule isomorphism (use that $s_i w_0 = w_0 s_{n-i}$). $\square$ The algebra $A_n$ is injective as a left and right $A_n$-module. This follows from either of the last two propositions. $\square$ Note that the trace $\mbox{tr}_n$ is quasi-symmetric w.r.t. $\psi_n$: $$\mbox{tr}_n ( a b) = \mbox{tr}_n(\psi_n(b) a)\hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ for } \hspace{0.1in} a,b\in A_n.$$ In the terminology of Frobenius algebras, $\psi_n$ is the Nakayama automorphism associated with $\mbox{tr}_n$ (see \[Y\], Section 2.1). Bimodules {#bimod} --------- Denote by $\chi_n$ the algebra map $A_n \to A_{n+1}$ which sends each $Y_i$ to $Y_i.$ Proposition \[nice-prop\] implies that $\chi_n$ is injective. The inclusion $\chi_n: A_n \to A_{n+1}$ induces a left and right $A_n$-module structure on $A_{n+1}.$ The left $A_n$ module structure on $A_{n+1}$ commutes with the right $A_{n+1}$-module structure on $A_{n+1},$ the latter coming from the right action of $A_{n+1}$ on itself. Thus, $A_{n+1}$ is an $(A_n,A_{n+1})$-bimodule in a natural way, and we denote this bimodule by $D_{n+1}.$ Similary, we get an $(A_{n+1},A_n)$-bimodule structure on $A_{n+1}$ and denote this bimodule by $X_n.$ Bimodules $X_n$ and $D_n$ are left and right projective. [*P*roof:]{} Bimodule $X_n$ is free of rank $1$ as a left $A_{n+1}$-module and, thus, left projective. As a right $A_n$-module, it is free of rank $n+1$ and spanned by $1, Y_{n}, Y_{n-1}Y_n, Y_{n-2}Y_{n-1}Y_n, \dots, Y_1Y_2\dots Y_n$ (since any element $s$ of the symmetric group $\S_{n+1}$ admits a unique decomposition $s= s_is_{i+1}\dots s_n s'$ with $s'\in \S_n$ and some $i, 1\le i \le n+1$). Hence, $X_n$ is projective as a right $A_n$-module. The same argument works for $D_n.$ $\square$ \[n-isom-prop\] For each $n,$ there is an isomorphism of $A_n$-bimodules $$\label{bimod-eqn} D_{n+1} \o_{A_{n+1}} X_n \cong A_n \oplus (X_{n-1} \o_{A_{n-1}} D_n) ,$$ where $A_n$ is equipped with the standard bimodule structure. [*P*roof: ]{} The left hand side of (\[bimod-eqn\]) is isomorphic to $A_{n+1},$ considered as an $A_n$-bimodule via $\chi_n.$ The right hand side is the direct sum of $A_n$ and $A_n \o_{A_{n-1}} A_n.$ We have maps $m_1, m_2$ of $A_n$-bimodules $$m_1: A_n \to A_{n+1} \hspace{0.1in} \mbox{ and } \hspace{0.1in} m_2: A_n \o_{A_{n-1}} A_n \to A_{n+1}$$ which are uniquely determined by $m_1(1) = 1$ and $m_2(1\o 1) = Y_n.$ For $w\in \S_{n+1},$ the element $Y_w$ of $A_{n+1}$ lies in $m_1(A_n)$ iff $w(n+1)= n+1.$ If $w(n+1)\not= n+1,$ we can write $w= y s_n z$ for $y,z\in \S_n,$ so that $Y_w= m_2(Y_y\o Y_z).$ Therefore, $m_1$ and $m_2$ define an $A_n$-bimodule isomorphism $$A_n \oplus (A_n \o_{A_{n-1}} A_n) \stackrel{\cong}{\longrightarrow} A_{n+1}.$$ $\square$ Let $A= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}}} A_n$ be the direct sum of algebras $A_n$ over all $n.$ Algebra $A$ does not have a unit, instead it has an infinite system of pairwise orthogonal idempotents $1\in A_n, n\ge 0.$ An $(A_n, A_k)$-bimodule $N$ is naturally a bimodule over the algebra $A.$ Namely, for $x\in A_i, i\not= n$ we set $xN=0$ and let $Nx=0$ if $x\in A_i , i\not= k.$ In this way, bimodules $X_n$ and $D_n,$ as we sum over all $n,$ give rise to $A$-bimodules $X= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}} X_n$ and $D= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}} D_n.$ We can rephrase Proposition \[n-isom-prop\] as \[nat-prop\] There is a natural isomorphism of $A$-bimodules $$D \o_{A} X \cong A \oplus (X \o_{A} D).$$ This is, of course, a bimodule version of the Weyl algebra relation $\partial x = x\partial + 1.$ The generators $x$ and $\partial$ of the Weyl algebra become the bimodules $X$ and $D,$ the product in the Weyl algebra becomes the tensor product of bimodules, addition becomes the direct sum and $1$ becomes the identity bimodule $A.$ In the rest of this section we continue in the similar fashion, interpreting other structures of the Weyl algebra and its polynomial representation in the framework of nilCoxeter algebras. Categories and functors {#cat-and-fun} ----------------------- Let $\C_n$ be the category of finite-dimensional unital left $A_n$-modules, and let $\C= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}}} \C_n.$ The category $\C$ can be viewed as the full subcategory of the category of finite-dimensional left $A$-modules, which consists of $A$-modules $N$ with $AN = N$ and $A_nN=0$ for large enough $n.$ An $A$-bimodule $T$ is called *small* if it preserves the category $\C,$ i.e., for any $N\in \C,$ the module $T \o_{A} N$ is in $\C.$ Denote by $F_T$ the functor of tensoring with $T.$ We can reformulate Proposition \[nat-prop\] as saying that there is a canonical isomorphism of functors $$\label{the-equation} F_D F_X \cong F_X F_D\oplus \mbox{Id}_{\C}$$ The Grothendieck group $K(\mc{U})$ of an abelian category $\mc{U}$ is the group generated by symbols $[N]$ for all objects $N$ of $\mc{U}$ subject to relations $[N_2]= [N_1]+ [N_3]$ whenever there is a short exact sequence $0 \to N_1\to N_2\to N_3\to 0.$ The Grothendieck group of $\C_n$ is isomorphic to $\Z$ and generated by $[L_n],$ where $L_n$ is the simple $A_n$-module ($L_n$ is uniquely defined, up to an isomorphism). We will identify $K(\C_n)$ with the abelian subgroup of $R$ generated by $x^n/n!,$ by sending $[L_n]$ to $x^n/n!.$ Since $K(\C)= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}} K(\C_n),$ the Grothendieck group of $\C$ is canonically identified with the abelian group $R,$ so that from now on we will consider $[N],$ for any object $N$ of $\C,$ as an element of $R.$ The indecomposable projective module in $\C_n$ (which we denote $P_n$) is mapped to $x^n$: $$[P_n] = x^n, \hspace{0.15in} [L_n]= \frac{x^n}{n!}.$$ We interpret the bilinear form $(,): R'\times R\to \Z$ via the $\Hom$ bifunctor: if $P$ is a projective object of $\C$ and $N$ is any object, then $$\label{its-bilinear} \dim_{\Q}(\Hom_{\C}(P,N)) = ([P], [N])$$ Note that we need $P$ to be projective, otherwise the dimension function on the left hand side will not be additive in $[N].$ Observe also that the form $(,)$ takes values in $\Z$ when restricted to $R'\times R,$ but is fractional when restricted to $R\times R.$ Bimodules $X$ and $D$ are right projective, so that the functors of tensoring with them are exact and induce maps $x$ and $\partial$ of the Grothendieck group $R= K(\C)$: $$[X\o_{A} N] = x [N], \hspace{0.15in} [D\o_{A} N]= \partial [N] \hspace{0.15in} \mbox{ for } \hspace{0.15in} N\in \mbox{Ob }\C.$$ The functor of tensoring with $X_n$ is the induction functor from $A_n$-modules to $A_{n+1}$-modules, while tensoring with $D_{n+1}$ is the restriction functor from $A_{n+1}$-modules to $A_n$-modules. Since the induction is left adjoint to the restriction, we conclude that $F_{X_n}$ is left adjoint to $F_{D_{n+1}}$ and $F_X$ [*is left adjoint to*]{} $F_D,$ i.e., there is a bifunctor isomorphism $$\Hom_{\C}(F_X?, ?) \cong \Hom_{\C}(?, F_D ?).$$ This isomorphism can be interpreted as the lift of the equality $(x a,b) = (a, \partial b)$ for $a,b\in R_{\Q},$ since we just established that the $\Hom$-bifunctor lifts the bilinear form $(,)$ (formula (\[its-bilinear\])). Note that $(\partial a,b) = (a, xb),$ so that a natural guess says that $F_X$ is not only left but also right adjoint to $F_D.$ This is false, but not far from the truth. Consider the bimodule $A_n^{\psi},$ which was defined in Section \[nilCoxeter\]. Denote by $A^{\psi}$ the $A$-bimodule which is the direct sum of $A_n^{\psi}$ over all $n,$ and by $\Psi: \C \to \C$ the functor $F_{A^{\psi}}$ of tensoring with $A^{\psi}.$ Since $\psi_n$ is an involution, $\Psi^2 \cong \mbox{Id}_{\C}.$ The functor $F_X$ is right adjoint to $\Psi F_D \Psi.$ *Proof:* We use the following \[twist\] Let $B_1,B_2$ be Frobenius algebras over a field $k$ and $\nu_1,\nu_2$ be Nakayama automorphisms of $B_1,B_2.$ Suppose that $N$ is a finite-dimensional $(B_1,B_2)$-bimodule which is projective as a left $B_1$-module and as a right $B_2$-module. Then the functor $$N \o_{B_2} ? : B_2\mathrm{-mod} \to B_1\mathrm{-mod}$$ of tensoring with $N$ has the right adjoint functor $$(N^{\ast})_{\nu_1}\o_{B_1} ? : B_1\mathrm{-mod} \to B_2\mathrm{-mod}$$ (here $(N^{\ast})_{\nu_1}$ is the dual of $N,$ with the right $B_1$-action twisted by $\nu_1$) and the left adjoint functor $$_{\nu_2^{-1}}(N^{\ast})\o_{B_1} ? : B_1\mathrm{-mod} \to B_2\mathrm{-mod}$$ In the case when $B_1$ and $B_2$ are symmetric algebras (i.e. $\nu_1,\nu_2$ are identity maps), rather than just Frobenius algebras, this lemma is proved in Rickard \[R\], Corollary 9.2.4. The same proof works for Frobenius algebras. $\square$ Applying this lemma to the $(A_{n+1}, A_n)$-bimodule $X_n$ proves the proposition (the Nakayama automorphism of $A_n$ is $\psi_n,$ hence the conjugation by $\Psi$ in the second adjointness isomorphism). $\square$ The algebra $W$ has a $\Q$-vector space basis $\{ x^m \partial^n\}$ for $n,m\ge 0.$ We will call this basis the canonical basis of $W.$ A product of two elements of the canonical basis decomposes as a linear combination of canonical basis vectors with nonnegative integral coefficients. This basis can be interpreted in terms of indecomposable bimodules. Namely, the $(A,A)$-bimodule $X^{\o m}\o D^{\o n}$ (all tensor products are over $A$), which in our theory is naturally associated to $x^m \partial^n,$ is the direct sum of $(A_{m+k-n}, A_k)$-bimodules $A_{m+k-n} \o_{A_{k-n}} A_k,$ over all $k\ge n,$ and we have The $(A_{m+k-n},A_k)$-bimodule $A_{m+k-n} \o_{A_{k-n}} A_k$ is indecomposable. *Proof:* An exercise. $\square$ Contravariant duality {#dualities} --------------------- Denote by $\C_n^r$ the category of finite-dimensional right $A_n$-modules and by $\C^r$ the direct sum of categories $\C_n^r$ over all $n\ge 0.$ The duality functor $N^{\ast} = \mbox{Hom}(N,k),$ defined in Section \[nilCoxeter\] for bimodules, will be considered in this section as a contravariant functor from $\C$ to $\C^r.$ Let $u$ be the antiinvolution of $A_n$ which takes $Y_i$ to $Y_i.$ It induces an equivalence of categories of left and right $A_n$-modules. As we sum over all $n,$ we obtain an equivalence of categories $U: \C^r \to \C.$ The functor $\Omega = U \ast$ is a contravariant equivalence $\C \to \C.$ There are natural isomorphisms of functors $$\begin{aligned} \label{square-is-one} \Omega^2 & \cong & \mathrm{Id}_{\C} \\ \label{box-psi} \Omega \Psi & \cong & \Psi \Omega \\ \label{box-X} \Omega \Psi F_X & \cong & F_X \Omega \Psi \\ \label{box-D} \Omega F_D & \cong & F_D \Omega \end{aligned}$$ *Proof* $\Omega^2\cong \mbox{Id}_{\C},$ since $u$ is an antiinvolution, and $\Omega \Psi \cong \Psi \Omega,$ since $u\psi_n = \psi_n u.$ Isomorphism (\[box-X\]) is a corollary of \[dual\] 1. There is an isomorphism of bimodules $$X_n^{\ast} \cong D_{n+1} \o_{A_{n+1}} A_{n+1}^{\psi} \label{x-and-d}$$ 2. There are isomorphisms, functorial in $N\in \C_n,$ $$\begin{aligned} (A_n^{\psi}\o_{A_n} N)^{\ast} & \cong & N^{\ast}\o_{A_n} A_n^{\psi} \\ (X_n \o_{A_n} N )^{\ast} & \cong & N^{\ast}\o_{A_n} \widetilde{D}_{n+1}, \label{x-and-m}\end{aligned}$$ where $\widetilde{D}_{n+1}$ is the $(A_n,A_{n+1})$-bimodule $A_n^{\psi}\o_{A_n} D_{n+1}\o_{A_{n+1}} A_{n+1}^{\psi}.$ 3. There are functorial in $N\in C_n^r$ isomorphisms $$U(N\o_{A_n} D_{n+1}) \cong X_n \o_{A_n} U(N), \hspace{0.2in} U(N\o_{A_n} A_n^{\psi}) \cong A_n^{\psi}\o_{A_n} U(N).$$ Statement 1 of the lemma follows from Proposition \[iso-iso\]. Let us now prove (\[x-and-m\]). If $N=P_n,$ the indecomposable projective $A_n$-module, the isomorphism (\[x-and-m\]) follows from (\[x-and-d\]). Moreover, (\[x-and-d\]) also implies that (\[x-and-m\]) is functorial relative to $A_n$-module maps $P_n \to P_n$ (here $N= P_n$). For an arbitrary $N,$ represent $N$ as the cokernel of a map of projective modules: $P_n^{\oplus a}\to P_n^{\oplus b} \to N \to 0.$ Applying the functors on the left and right hand sides of (\[x-and-m\]) to each term of this exact sequence, and using the exactness of tensoring with $X_n$ and $\widetilde{D}_{n+1},$ we conclude that (\[x-and-m\]) holds for any $N,$ functorially in $N.$ Other statements of the lemma can be proved in a similar or easier fashion. $\square$ Armed with Lemma \[dual\], we compute, for $N\in \C,$ $$\Omega \Psi F_X (N) = \Psi \Omega ( X \o N) = \Psi U( N^{\ast} \o \widetilde{D}) = \Psi^2 X\o (\Psi U(N^{\ast})) = F_X \Psi \Omega (N).$$ Isomorphism (\[box-D\]) is adjoint to (\[box-X\]). $\square$ The integral {#integral} ------------ We can next ask about the meaning of the indefinite integral in our model. The formula $$\label{integrals} \int x^n = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}$$ suggests to look for an exact functor from $\C_n$ to $\C_{n+1}$ which takes the projective module $P_n$ to a module which is $n+1$ times “smaller” than the projective module $P_{n+1}$ (since in our correspondence the image of the projective module $P_i$ in the ring of polynomials is $x^i$). Let $I_n$ be the $(A_{n+1},A_n)$-bimodule, which is isomorphic to $A_n$ as the right $A_n$-module, and the left $A_{n+1}$-action is via the homomorphism of algebras $t_{n+1}: A_{n+1}\to A_n, t_{n+1}(Y_i)= Y_i$ for $i<n$ and $t_{n+1}(Y_n)=0.$ Since $I_n$ is projective as a right $A_n$-module, the functor $F_{I_n}: \C_n \to \C_{n+1}$ of tensoring an $A_n$-module with $I_n$ is exact. Moreover, $F_{I_n}$ takes the indecomposable projective module $P_n$ to a module of dimension $n!,$ while the projective generator $P_{n+1}$ of $\C_{n+1}$ has dimension $(n+1)!,$ so that the desired relation holds: $[ I_n \o_{A_n} N ] = \int [N]$ for $N\in \mbox{Ob}(\C_n).$ To formulate this relation without the index $n,$ we form $I= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}}} I_n,$ the $A$-bimodule which is the direct sum of $I_n$ over all $n.$ Then we have $$[I\o_{A}N] = \int [N]\hspace{0.15in} \mbox{for all} \hspace{0.15in} N \in \mbox{Ob} \C.$$ The following result is obvious: There are bimodule isomorphisms $D_{n+1}\o_{A_{n+1}} I_n \cong A_n$ and $D \o_{A} I \cong A.$ This isomorphism can be considered as a categorification of the formula $d \int f(x) = f(x),$ for a polynomial function $f(x).$ On the other hand, we don’t get to categorify the formula $\int d f(x) = f(x),$ for $I\o_{A} D$ is not isomorphic to $A$ as an $A$-bimodule. Multiplication and the Leibniz rule {#Leibniz} ----------------------------------- Let $\gamma_{n,m}$ be the algebra homomorphism $A_n \o A_m\to A_{n+m}$ given by $$\gamma_{n,m}(Y_i\o 1) = Y_i, \hspace{0.2in} \gamma_{n,m} (1\o Y_i) = Y_{n+i}.$$ $\gamma_{n,m}$ is injective and induces a bifunctor, denoted $J_{n,m},$ from the product $\C_n \times \C_m$ of categories $\C_n$ and $\C_m$ to $\C_{n+m}$: $$J_{n,m}(N_1,N_2) = A_{n+m}\o_{(A_n\o A_m)} (N_1\o N_2) \hspace{0.15in} \mbox{ for } \hspace{0.15in} N_1\in \C_n, N_2\in \C_m.$$ Denote by $J$ the bifunctor $\C\times \C\to \C,$ which is the direct sum of $J_{n,m}$ over all $n,m\ge 0.$ 1. Bifunctor $J$ is biexact. 2. There is a functorial isomorphism $F_D \circ J(N_1,N_2) \cong J(N_1, F_D N_2)\oplus J(F_D N_1,N_2),$ satisfying the natural consistency relation for the decomposition of $F_D \circ J(J(N_1,N_2), N_3).$ We omit the proof. $\square$ Since $J$ is biexact, it induces a map of Grothendieck groups $K(\C)\times K(\C) \to K(\C),$ which is just the multiplication in the ring of polynomials. Part 2 of the proposition is a functor version of the Leibniz rule $\partial(ab)= (\partial a)b+ a (\partial b).$ The bialgebra-category structure of $\C$ {#bialgebra} ======================================== Multiplication and comultiplication ----------------------------------- The algebra of polynomials $R_{\Q}= \Q[x]$ has a comultiplication $c(x) = x\o 1+ 1\o x$ which makes $R_{\Q}$ into a bialgebra. The subring $R$ of $R_{\Q}$ is stable under the comultiplication and has a structure of a bialgebra over $\Z.$ We will explains in detail how to lift the bialgebra structure from $R$ to the category $\C.$ Let ${\bf n}= (n_1, \dots, n_i)$ be an ordered $i$-tuple of nonnegative integers. Let $A_{\bf n}= A_{n_1}\o \dots\o A_{n_i}$ and denote by $\C_{\bf n}$ the category of finite dimensional left $A_{\bf n}$-modules. Let $\C^{\o i}$ the direct sum of categories $\C_{\bf n}$ over all $i$-tuples ${\bf n}.$ Algebra homomorphisms $\gamma_{n,m}: A_n \o A_m \to A_{n+m}, $ summed over all $n$ and $m,$ define induction and restriction functors: $$M: \C^{\o 2} \to \C, \hspace{0.15in}\Delta: \C \to \C^{\o 2}.$$ Note that the Grothendieck group of $\C^{\o i}$ is naturally isomorphic to the $i$-th tensor power of $K(\C).$ The symmetric group $\mathbb{S}_i$ acts on the set of $i$-tuples by permutations of terms. This action induces an action of $\mathbb{S}_i$ on the category $\C^{\o i}.$ We denote by $S_{j,j+1}$ the action of the transposition $(j, j+1).$ If a functor $G_k: \C^{\o i_k} \to \C^{\o j_k}, k=1,2$ is given by tensoring with a bimodule $W_k,$ denote by $G_1\o G_2$ the functor $\C^{\o (i_1+ i_2) } \to \C^{\o (j_1+ j_2)}$ of tensoring with the bimodule $W_1\o_{\Q} W_2.$ 1. $M$ is left adjoint to $\Delta$ and right adjoint to $S_{12} \Delta.$ 2. There are functor isomorphisms $$\begin{aligned} M S_{12} & \cong & \Psi M \Psi^{\o 2} \label{quasi-com-mult} \\ S_{12} \Delta & \cong & \Psi^{\o 2} \Delta \Psi \label{quasi-com-delta} \end{aligned}$$ 3. Functors $M$ and $\Delta$ are exact and on the Grothendieck group descend to the multiplication and comultiplication in the bialgebra $K(\C).$ *Proof* Part 2 of the proposition follows from an obvious computation with bimodules. Next, $M$ is induction and $\Delta$ is restriction, thus, $M$ is left adjoint to $\Delta.$ $A_{n+m}$ is projective as left or right $A_n\o A_m$-module, so we can apply Lemma \[twist\] and conclude that $M$ is right adjoint to $\Psi^{\o 2} \Delta \Psi.$ Together with the isomorphism (\[quasi-com-delta\]), this implies that $M$ is right adjoint to $S_{12}\Delta.$ Since $M$ and $\Delta$ each have left and right adjoints, they are exact. $\square$ \[funct-iso\] 1. There are functor isomorphisms $$\begin{aligned} M (M \o \mathrm{Id}) & \cong & M (\mathrm{Id} \o M), \label{iso-ass} \\ (\Delta \o \mathrm{Id}) \Delta & \cong & (\mathrm{Id}\o \Delta) \Delta, \label{iso-co} \\ \label{consistency} \Delta M & \cong & M^{\o 2} S_{23} \Delta^{\o 2}. \end{aligned}$$ *Proof* Functors $M(M\o \mbox{Id})$ and $M(\mbox{Id}\o M),$ restricted to $\C_n\o \C_m \o \C_k,$ are canonically isomorphic to the functor of tensoring with $A_{n+m+k},$ considered as a left $A_{n+m+k}$-module and a right $A_n \o A_m \o A_k$-module. Hence the functor isomorphism (\[iso-ass\]). The same argument works for (\[iso-co\]). To prove (\[consistency\]), note that both sides of it decompose as direct sums of functors $\C_n \o \C_m \to \C_k \o \C_l,$ over all quadruples $(n,m,k,l)$ such that $n+m = k+l.$ The left hand side of (\[consistency\]), as a functor $\C_n \o \C_m\to \C_k \o \C_l,$ is naturally isomorphic to the functor of tensoring with $A_{n+m},$ considered as a left $A_k \o A_l$ and a right $A_n \o A_m$-module, via algebra homomorphisms $\gamma_{k,l}$ and $\gamma_{n,m}.$ Let $w_1, \dots, w_p,$ where $p = \mbox{min}(n,m,k,l),$ be minimal length representatives of double cosets $\S_k \times \S_l \setminus \S_{k+l} / \S_n \times \S_m.$ Then $A_{n+m}$ is isomorphic, as an $(A_k\otimes A_l, A_n \otimes A_m)$-bimodule, to the direct sum of subbimodules of $A_{n+m},$ spanned by $Y_{w_1}, \dots , Y_{w_p}.$ We omit the proof of the lemma. $\square$ The right hand side of (\[consistency\]), as a functor $\C_n \o \C_m \to \C_k \o \C_l,$ is isomorphic to the direct sum (over all admissible $r$) of the following functors: restrict from $A_n\o A_m$ to $A_r\o A_{n-r}\o A_{k-r} \o A_{l+r-n}$ and then induce to $A_k\o A_l.$ Denote the corresponding $(A_k \o A_l, A_n \o A_m)$-bimodule by $B_r,$ it has a canonical generator that we will call $g_r.$ To $r$ there is associated a minimal length representative, $w(r),$ of the double cosets $\S_k \times \S_l \setminus \S_{k+l} / \S_n \times \S_m.$ Namely, $w(r)$ is the permutation that preserves the first $r$ elements of the set $\{ 1, 2, \dots , n+m\},$ shifts the next $n-r$ elements by $k-r$ to the right, shift the following $k-r$ elements by $n-r$ to the left and preserves the last $l+r-n$ elements. Sending the generator $g_r$ of this bimodule to $Y_{w(r)}\in A_{n+m}$ and summing over all admissible $r$ gives us an isomorphism of bimodules ${{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{r}}} B_r \cong A_{n+m}.$ Finally, summing over all $(n,m,k,l)$ with $n+m= k+l,$ we get a functor isomorphism (\[consistency\]). $\square$ Coherence relations ------------------- Bialgebra-categories first appeared in the work of Crane and Frenkel \[CF\]. Crane and Frenkel argued that, while Hopf algebras produce invariants of 3-manifolds, quantum invariants of 4-manifolds will be governed by Hopf categories. In Hopf categories multiplication and comultiplication operations become functors, functor isomorphisms take place of (co)associativity of (co)multiplication and of the consistency relation between multiplication and comultiplication. Crane and Frenkel imposed $4$ coherence relations on these functor isomorphisms. These relations pop up in our simple example: Isomorphisms (\[iso-ass\]), (\[iso-co\]) and (\[consistency\]) satisfy the coherence relations of Crane and Frenkel for bialgebra-categories. The coherence relation for the multiplication can be viewed as a cube, depicted in Figure 1. In the vertices of the cube we have placed categories, arrows are functors and $6$ square facets of the cube are functor isomorphisms. For simplicity we write $1$ for the identity functor $\mbox{Id}.$ Any path leading from $\C^{\o 4}$ to $\C$ defines a functor, and any square facet defines an isomorphism of functors. Starting with the functor corresponding to a path, we can apply all $6$ isomorphisms and return to the functor we started with. The coherence relation requires this natural transformation of functors to be the identity. This relation is obvious in our case. Note that the coherence relation for the multiplication is just the coherence relation for the tensor product functor in the monoidal categories, also known as the pentagon associativity (see Mac Lane \[M\], for instance). The coherence relation for the comultiplication is obtained from Figure 1 by reversing all arrows and changing all appearances of $M$ into $\Delta,$ This coherence holds in our category for obvious reasons too. Moreover, if we start from the multiplication coherence relation and change all functors and functor isomorphisms to their right adjoints, we get the coherence relation for the comultiplication. Or, if we start from the multiplication coherence relation and pass to left adjoints, we again get the comultiplication coherence relation (after canceling out all appearances of permutations in left adjoints, since the left adjoint of $M$ is $S_{12}\Delta$). There are two coherence relations that contain both multiplication and comultiplication. One of them is depicted in Figure 2. To get the other one, change Figure 2 in the following way: exchange $M$ with $\Delta$ everywhere, reverse the direction of all arrows and invert the order of all compositions of functors, i.e., $M^2 \circ S_{23}$ should become $S_{23} \circ \Delta^2.$ In our category $\C$ functors $M$ and $\Delta$ have nice adjointness properties, and these two coherence relations are equivalent via adjointness. Figure 2 coherence cube in the category $\C$ follows from a simple computation with double cosets $\S_k \times \S_l \setminus \S_{n+m+p} / \S_n \times \S_m \times \S_p$ for $k+l=n+m+p.$ We omit the details. $\square$ Other structures ---------------- [**Commutativity and cocommutativity:** ]{} The bialgebra $R$ is commutative and cocommutative. The bialgebra-category $\C$ is not commutative or cocommutative, in the sense that $MS_{12}$ is not isomorphic to $M$ and $S_{12}\Delta$ is not isomorphic to $\Delta.$ Instead, we have isomorphisms (\[quasi-com-mult\]) and (\[quasi-com-delta\]), which say that $MS_{12},$ resp. $S_{12}\Delta$ is isomorphic to $M,$ resp. $\Delta,$ twisted by the involution functor $\Psi.$ We will refer to these properties of $M$ and $\Delta$ as quasi-commutativity and quasi-cocommutativity, respectively. What are the coherence relations for quasi-commutativity and quasi-cocommutativity? First of all, the usual coherence cube for the associativity and commutativity constraints in symmetric monoidal categories can be twisted by $\Psi$ into the one, depicted in Figure 3 (where $\Psi^2$ denotes $\Psi^{\o 2},$ etc.) To obtain the coherence relation between the quasi-cocommutativity and coassociativity isomorphisms, change the direction of all arrows in Figure 3, substitute $\Delta $ for $M$ and invert the order of all compositions. Finally, the Figure 4 below shows a coherence cube for the “mixed” quasi-(co)commutativity. These $3$ coherence relations hold in the category $\C.$ [**Unit and counit:** ]{} Let $\Q\mbox{-vect}$ be the category of finite-dimensional $\Q$-vector spaces. The functor $\iota: \Q\mbox{-vect} \to \C$ which takes a vector space $V$ to itself, considered as a module over $A_0 =\Q,$ plays the role of the unit in the bialgebra-category $\C.$ The functor $\epsilon: \C\to \Q\mbox{-vect}$ which takes $\C_n$ to $0$ for $n>0$ and $V\in \C_0$ to $V\in \Q\mbox{-vect}$ is the counit functor. [**Antipode:** ]{} So far we referred to $\C$ as a bialgebra-category, rather than a Hopf category, and did not say a word about the antipode. The antipode $s$ in the Hopf algebra $R$ is given by $s(x)= -x.$ Clearly, the antipode cannot be lifted to any exact functor in $\C,$ since it does not have positive coefficients in the basis of simple modules. This negativity is not a serious obstacle, though. We can pass to the bounded derived category $D^b(\C)$ of $\C,$ derive the functors $M$ and $\Delta$ and define the antipode functor $T: D^b(\C)\to D^b(\C)$ as the composition of a shift by $[n]$ (for $\C_n$) in the derived category and $\Psi,$ $$T(N) = \Psi N [n], \hspace{0.1in } \mathrm{ for }\hspace{0.1in} N \in D^b(\C_n).$$ On the Grothendieck group level $\Psi$ does nothing, but it enables us to lift the identity $s(ab)= s(b)s(a)$ to the isomorphism of functors $ T M \cong M T^{\o 2} S_{12}.$ But we are in for a bigger trouble: there is no functor isomorphism $$\label{trouble} M (T \o \mbox{Id})\Delta \cong \iota\epsilon ,$$ which any self-respecting Hopf category must have. No easy way to save the day by modifying the antipode functor is in sight. The problem lies with our childish definition of tensor powers of $\C,$ as the direct sum of many little blocks. One conjectural remedy would be to glue these little pieces into a more sophisticated construct, which should retain all the nice bialgebra-category properties of $\C$ and should also have an antipode functor with the isomorphism (\[trouble\]) and coherence relations for it. Miscellaneous {#miss} ============= Graded bimodules and a categorification of the quantum Weyl algebra {#graded} ------------------------------------------------------------------- The algebra $A_n$ is graded, with each $Y_i$ in degree $1,$ and the Poincare polynomial of $A_n$ is $[n]!$ where $[n]!= [1]\dots [n]$ and $[i]= 1+q+ \dots + q^{i-1}.$ Let $\underline{\C}_n$ be the category of finite-dimensional graded left $A_n$-modules and $\underline{\C}= {{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}}\underline{\C}_n.$ Let $\{i \}$ be the functor of shifting the grading up by $i.$ Bimodules $X$ and $D$ over $A$ are graded, tensoring with these bimodules over $A$ give us functors, denoted $\underline{F}_X,\underline{F}_D,$ in the category $\underline{\C}.$ There is a functor isomorphism $$\underline{F}_D \underline{F}_X \cong \underline{F}_X\underline{F}_D \{ 1\} \oplus \mathrm{Id}$$ We define the quantum Weyl algebra as the algebra over $\Z[q,q^{-1}],$ generated by $x$ and $\partial,$ with relation $\partial x = qx\partial+ 1.$ Let $\underline{R}$ be the module over the quantum Weyl algebra, spanned over $\Z[q,q^{-1}]$ by $\frac{x^n} {[n]!},$ with the action $x\cdot x^ i = x^{i+1}, \partial x^i = [i] x^{i-1}.$ The Grothendieck group $K(\underline{\C})$ of $\underline{\C}$ is a free $\Z[q,q^{-1}]$-module, spanned by the images of simple modules $L_n.$ The $\Z[q,q^{-1}]$-module structure comes from the grading, $[N\{ i\} ] = q^i [N],$ for a graded module $N.$ Thus, $$[L_n] = \frac{x^n}{[n]!}, \hspace{0.14in} [P_n] = x^n.$$ As a result, $K(\underline{\C})$ can be naturally identified with $\underline{R}.$ All other structures described in Section \[Weyl\] have their graded versions. We skip the details. The product $\underline{M}: \underline{\C}^{\o 2}\to \underline{\C}$ is again defined as the induction functor, while the coproduct $\underline{\Delta},$ considered as a functor from $\underline{\C}_n$ to ${{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{0\le k\le n}}}\underline{\C}_k \o \underline{\C}_{n-k},$ is the restriction from $A_n$ to $A_{k}\o A_{n-k},$ composed with the shift in the grading up by $n-k.$ On the Grothendieck group, the coproduct functor acts as the comultiplication $\Delta(x) = x\o 1 + q\o x.$ Functor isomorphisms of Proposition \[funct-iso\] hold in the graded case as well and all results of Section \[bialgebra\] generalize easily to the graded case. Representations of symmetric groups ----------------------------------- The bialgebra-category $\C$ is reminiscent of a similar structure for symmetric groups, discovered by Geissinger \[G\], who observed that induction and restriction functors associated to inclusions of symmetric groups $\S_n\times \S_m\hookrightarrow \S_{n+m}$ induce a bialgebra structure on the direct sum of Grothendieck groups of the categories of $\S_n$-modules, over all $n.$ Geissinger \[G\] and Zelevinsky \[Z\] consistently derived many classical results on representations of symmetric groups from this Hopf algebra structure. Zelevinsky also generalized this construction from symmetric groups to wreath products of symmetric groups with finite groups and to $GL(n,\mathbb{F}),$ for a finite field $\mathbb{F}.$ Although Gessinger and Zelevinsky work mostly with Grothendieck groups, their results can be immediately reformulated in terms of categories. In particular, induction and restriction define a bialgebra-category structure on the category ${{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}} k[\S_n]\mbox{-mod},$ where $k$ is a field and $k[\S_n]\mbox{-mod}$ the category of finite-dimensional modules over the group algebra of $\S_n.$ There are several other interesting examples of bialgebra-categories that naturally appear in representation theory. We will discuss them elsewhere. Nil wreath products {#wreath} ------------------- Let $B$ be an algebra over $\Q.$ By $A_n(B)$ we denote the semidirect product of $A_n$ and $B^{\o n},$ with the multiplication $ Y_w b_1\o \dots \o b_n = b_{w(1)}\o \dots \o b_{w(n)} Y_w$ for $w\in \S_n$ and $b_i\in B.$ If $B$ is a Frobenius algebra then $A_n(B)$ is also Frobenius. If $B= \Q[z]/\{ z^k =0\},$ denote $A_n(B)$ by $A_n(k).$ Let $\C_n(k)$ be the category of finite dimensional $A_n(k)$-modules and $\C(k)={{\mathop{\oplus}\limits_{n\ge 0}}}\C_n(k).$ Inclusions $A_n(k) \hookrightarrow A_{n+1}(k)$ induce induction and restriction functors between categories $\C_n(k)$ and $\C_{n+1}(k).$ Denote by $F_{X,k},$ resp. $F_{D,k},$ the direct sum of these induction, resp. restriction functors over all $n.$ There is a functor isomorphism $F_{D,k} F_{X,k} \cong F_{X,k} F_{D,k} \oplus (\mathrm{Id}^{\oplus k}).$ Various constructions and results of previous sections, including adjointness isomorphisms and bialgebra-category structures, can be generalized to algebras $A_n(k).$ These algebras are nilpotent counterparts of the wreath products of symmetric groups with cyclic groups and of Ariki-Koike cyclotomic Hecke algebras \[AK\]. For instance, the nilCoxeter and Hecke algebras belong to a two-parameter family of algebras with generators $T_1, \dots T_{n-1}$ and relations $T_i^2= a T_i + b, T_i T_j = T_j T_i $ for $|i-j|>1 $ and $T_i T_{i+1} T_i = T_{i+1} T_i T_{i+1}$ (specializing $a=b=0, $ resp. $a=1-q, b=q,$ gets us the nilCoxeter algebra, resp. the Hecke algebra). From this point of view, our categorification of the Weyl algebra action on polynomials is a toy degeneration of Ariki’s magnificent realization \[A\] of irreducible highest weight modules over the affine Lie algebra $\widehat{\mf{sl}}_n$ as Grothendieck groups of categories of modules over cyclotomic Hecke algebras. [abcd 99]{} S.Ariki, On the decomposition numbers of the Hecke algebra of $G(m,1,n),$ *J. Math. Kyoto Univ.* [**36**]{} (1996), no. 4, 789-808. S.Ariki, K.Koike, A Hecke algebra of $(\Z/r\Z) \wr \S_n$ and construction of its irreducible representations, *Adv. Math.* [**106**]{} (1994), no.2, 216-243. J.N.Bernstein, I.M.Gelfand and S.I.Gelfand, Schubert cells and cohomology of the spaces $G/P,$ *Russian Math. Surveys* [**28**]{} (1973), 1-26. L.Crane, I.B.Frenkel, Four-dimensional topological quantum field theory, Hopf categories, and the canonical bases, *J. Math. Phys.* 35, (1994), 5136–5154. S.Fomin and R.P.Stanley, Schubert polynomials and the nilCoxeter algebra, *Advances in Math.* [**103**]{}, (1994), 196-207. L.Geissinger, Hopf algebras of symmetric functions and class functions, in *Combinatoire et représentation du groupe symétrique,* Lecture Notes in Math. [**579**]{}, (1977), 168-181. B.Kostant and S.Kumar, The nil Hecke ring and cohomology of $G/P$ for a Kac-Moody group $G,$ *Advances in Math.* [**62**]{}, 3 (1986) 187-237. A.Lascoux and M.-P. Schützenberger, Fonctorialité des polynômes de Schubert, in *Invariant Theory*, Contemporary Math. [**88**]{}, AMS (1989), 585-598. S.Mac Lane, Categories for the Working Mathematician, Springer-Verlag, 1971. I.G.Macdonald, Notes on Schubert Polynomials, Publications du LCIM, vol 6, 1991. J.Rickard, Triangulated categories in the modular representation theory of finite groups, in *Derived Equivalences for Group Rings,* by S.König and A.Zimmermann, Lecture Notes in Math. [**1685**]{}, (1998), 177-198. K.Yamagata, Frobenius algebras, in *Handbook of Algebra* vol.1, (1996), 841-887. A.Zelevinsky, Representations of Finite Classical Groups, Lecture Notes in Math. [**869**]{}, (1981).

2018-03-25T13:00:00+01:002018-03-26T08:00:00+01:00http://london.carpediem.cd/data/afisha/bp/ef/4f/ef4f055c0a.jpgCome and say ‘Wow’ like Owen Wilson at Trafalgar Square! At 1pm we will begin. We will gather among the fountains before the stairs. From 1pm we will begin with some warm up ‘Wows’ and other choice Owen Wilson quotes. At 1.15pm we will all ‘Wow’ in uniso...http://london.carpediem.cd/events6212043-say-wow-like-owen-wilson-at-trafalgar-square-at-trafalgar-square/Say ‘Wow’ like Owen Wilson at Trafalgar SquareTrafalgar Square, SW1Y 5 London, United KingdomTrafalgar Square Say ‘Wow’ like Owen Wilson at Trafalgar Square At 1pm we will begin. We will gather among the fountains before the stairs. From 1pm we will begin with some warm up ‘Wows’ and other choice Owen Wilson quotes. At 1.15pm we will all ‘Wow’ in unison with your best Owen Wilson impression.

/* This file is a part of libcds - Concurrent Data Structures library (C) Copyright Maxim Khizhinsky ([email protected]) 2006-2016 Source code repo: http://github.com/khizmax/libcds/ Download: http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcds/files/ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef CDSLIB_URCU_DETAILS_GPB_H #define CDSLIB_URCU_DETAILS_GPB_H #include <mutex> #include <limits> #include <cds/urcu/details/gp.h> #include <cds/algo/backoff_strategy.h> #include <cds/container/vyukov_mpmc_cycle_queue.h> namespace cds { namespace urcu { /// User-space general-purpose RCU with deferred (buffered) reclamation /** @headerfile cds/urcu/general_buffered.h This URCU implementation contains an internal buffer where retired objects are accumulated. When the buffer becomes full, the RCU \p synchronize function is called that waits until all reader/updater threads end up their read-side critical sections, i.e. until the RCU quiescent state will come. After that the buffer and all retired objects are freed. This synchronization cycle may be called in any thread that calls \p retire_ptr function. The \p Buffer contains items of \ref cds_urcu_retired_ptr "epoch_retired_ptr" type and it should support a queue interface with three function: - <tt> bool push( retired_ptr& p ) </tt> - places the retired pointer \p p into queue. If the function returns \p false it means that the buffer is full and RCU synchronization cycle must be processed. - <tt>bool pop( retired_ptr& p ) </tt> - pops queue's head item into \p p parameter; if the queue is empty this function must return \p false - <tt>size_t size()</tt> - returns queue's item count. The buffer is considered as full if \p push() returns \p false or the buffer size reaches the RCU threshold. There is a wrapper \ref cds_urcu_general_buffered_gc "gc<general_buffered>" for \p %general_buffered class that provides unified RCU interface. You should use this wrapper class instead \p %general_buffered Template arguments: - \p Buffer - buffer type. Default is \p cds::container::VyukovMPMCCycleQueue - \p Lock - mutex type, default is \p std::mutex - \p Backoff - back-off schema, default is cds::backoff::Default */ template < class Buffer = cds::container::VyukovMPMCCycleQueue< epoch_retired_ptr > ,class Lock = std::mutex ,class Backoff = cds::backoff::Default > class general_buffered: public details::gp_singleton< general_buffered_tag > { //@cond typedef details::gp_singleton< general_buffered_tag > base_class; //@endcond public: typedef general_buffered_tag rcu_tag ; ///< RCU tag typedef Buffer buffer_type ; ///< Buffer type typedef Lock lock_type ; ///< Lock type typedef Backoff back_off ; ///< Back-off type typedef base_class::thread_gc thread_gc ; ///< Thread-side RCU part typedef typename thread_gc::scoped_lock scoped_lock ; ///< Access lock class static bool const c_bBuffered = true ; ///< This RCU buffers disposed elements protected: //@cond typedef details::gp_singleton_instance< rcu_tag > singleton_ptr; //@endcond protected: //@cond buffer_type m_Buffer; atomics::atomic<uint64_t> m_nCurEpoch; lock_type m_Lock; size_t const m_nCapacity; //@endcond public: /// Returns singleton instance static general_buffered * instance() { return static_cast<general_buffered *>( base_class::instance() ); } /// Checks if the singleton is created and ready to use static bool isUsed() { return singleton_ptr::s_pRCU != nullptr; } protected: //@cond general_buffered( size_t nBufferCapacity ) : m_Buffer( nBufferCapacity ) , m_nCurEpoch(0) , m_nCapacity( nBufferCapacity ) {} ~general_buffered() { clear_buffer( std::numeric_limits< uint64_t >::max()); } void flip_and_wait() { back_off bkoff; base_class::flip_and_wait( bkoff ); } void clear_buffer( uint64_t nEpoch ) { epoch_retired_ptr p; while ( m_Buffer.pop( p )) { if ( p.m_nEpoch <= nEpoch ) { p.free(); } else { push_buffer( std::move(p) ); break; } } } // Return: true - synchronize has been called, false - otherwise bool push_buffer( epoch_retired_ptr&& ep ) { bool bPushed = m_Buffer.push( ep ); if ( !bPushed || m_Buffer.size() >= capacity() ) { synchronize(); if ( !bPushed ) { ep.free(); } return true; } return false; } //@endcond public: /// Creates singleton object /** The \p nBufferCapacity parameter defines RCU threshold. */ static void Construct( size_t nBufferCapacity = 256 ) { if ( !singleton_ptr::s_pRCU ) singleton_ptr::s_pRCU = new general_buffered( nBufferCapacity ); } /// Destroys singleton object static void Destruct( bool bDetachAll = false ) { if ( isUsed() ) { instance()->clear_buffer( std::numeric_limits< uint64_t >::max()); if ( bDetachAll ) instance()->m_ThreadList.detach_all(); delete instance(); singleton_ptr::s_pRCU = nullptr; } } public: /// Retire \p p pointer /** The method pushes \p p pointer to internal buffer. When the buffer becomes full \ref synchronize function is called to wait for the end of grace period and then to free all pointers from the buffer. */ virtual void retire_ptr( retired_ptr& p ) { if ( p.m_p ) push_buffer( epoch_retired_ptr( p, m_nCurEpoch.load( atomics::memory_order_relaxed ))); } /// Retires the pointer chain [\p itFirst, \p itLast) template <typename ForwardIterator> void batch_retire( ForwardIterator itFirst, ForwardIterator itLast ) { uint64_t nEpoch = m_nCurEpoch.load( atomics::memory_order_relaxed ); while ( itFirst != itLast ) { epoch_retired_ptr ep( *itFirst, nEpoch ); ++itFirst; push_buffer( std::move(ep) ); } } /// Retires the pointer chain until \p Func returns \p nullptr retired pointer template <typename Func> void batch_retire( Func e ) { uint64_t nEpoch = m_nCurEpoch.load( atomics::memory_order_relaxed ); for ( retired_ptr p{ e() }; p.m_p; ) { epoch_retired_ptr ep( p, nEpoch ); p = e(); push_buffer( std::move(ep)); } } /// Wait to finish a grace period and then clear the buffer void synchronize() { epoch_retired_ptr ep( retired_ptr(), m_nCurEpoch.load( atomics::memory_order_relaxed )); synchronize( ep ); } //@cond bool synchronize( epoch_retired_ptr& ep ) { uint64_t nEpoch; atomics::atomic_thread_fence( atomics::memory_order_acquire ); { std::unique_lock<lock_type> sl( m_Lock ); if ( ep.m_p && m_Buffer.push( ep ) ) return false; nEpoch = m_nCurEpoch.fetch_add( 1, atomics::memory_order_relaxed ); flip_and_wait(); flip_and_wait(); } clear_buffer( nEpoch ); atomics::atomic_thread_fence( atomics::memory_order_release ); return true; } //@endcond /// Returns internal buffer capacity size_t capacity() const { return m_nCapacity; } }; /// User-space general-purpose RCU with deferred (buffered) reclamation (stripped version) /** @headerfile cds/urcu/general_buffered.h This short version of \p general_buffered is intended for stripping debug info. If you use \p %general_buffered with default template arguments you may use this stripped version. All functionality of both classes are identical. */ class general_buffered_stripped: public general_buffered<> {}; }} // namespace cds::urcu #endif // #ifndef CDSLIB_URCU_DETAILS_GPB_H

Umurlar, Göynük Umurlar is a village in the District of Göynük, Bolu Province, Turkey. As of 2010 it had a population of 166 people. References Category:Populated places in Bolu Province Category:Göynük District Category:Villages in Turkey

OpenVault OpenVault is a full-service data analytics and broadband solutions company. It was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Hoboken, New Jersey. Overview OpenVault LLC provides network management, policy control, data integration, and business analytics solutions for communication service providers (CSPs). The company offers its solutions in a software-as-a-service model that helps broadband providers to manage bandwidth utilization and optimize the revenue potential of their networks. OpenVault helps CSPs to evolve revenue streams and streamline operations in the areas of: IP traffic analysis; network and business analytics; mediation, rating, and charging; and service delivery and policy management. Funding OpenVault is a privately held company. Team The OpenVault Senior Executive team includes Mark Trudeau, Founder and CEO; Robert Gatti, Strategic Partner; Larry Foland, EVP; Tony Costa, EVP and CTO; and Josh Barstow, EVP. Products OpenVault’s solution suite helps broadband operators to manage their networks, drive revenue, deploy usage-based billing, develop High-Speed Data (HSD) market strategies, predict HSD usage growth and forecast network planning. References Category:Broadband Category:Companies based in Hudson County, New Jersey Category:Hoboken, New Jersey Category:American companies established in 2010

So I tried to get access to this paper when everyone ELSE had access to the press release, because I totally wanted it, but Sci doesn’t get press releases (I did try to get press releases, but one publishing group cited what I feel is a totally justified potential conflict of interest due to Sci being a scientist who needs to publish in said journal, which I understand. The OTHER publishing group told me they don’t like “anonymity”. It’s PSEUDONYMITY, not ANONYMITY, and I don’t need you anyway. And I find that to be a somewhat kneejerk and reactionary position from people who clearly neither know nor care about what potential the science blogsphere has. Humph.), and the paper itself wasn’t available by the time all the press coverage hit. BUT NOW. NOW SCI HAS THE PAPER. And I’m gonna blog it. Because it’s both good and bad. Good for the guys with laptops to know. And bad for the people who attempt to sit next to those guys on the subway. Sheynkin et al. “Protection from scrotal hyperthermia in laptop computer users” Fertility and Sterility, 2010. I clearly need to find a way to put “scrotal hyperthermia” to use commonly in my daily speech. So, as men may know (and as women may know), there’s a reason men’s balls hang low. The reason is that sperm do their best at a temperature that is slightly lower than normal body temperature (2-4 degrees Celsius lower, which means if your normal body temp is 37, your scrote is best at 33, and for Fahrenheit, if you’re best at 98.6, your testes are besties at around 93). This means that the testicles hang lower and outside the body cavity, in an effort to keep it slightly cooler, and this ALSO means that testicles respond, sometimes quite visibly, to changes in exterior temperature, in an effort to keep their temperature constant. You get the idea. Anyway, one thing that balls can’t respond so well to is HEAT. In response to cold, testicles get ever closer to the body cavity, but in response to heat, there’s only so low they can go. If the testicular temperature rises more than a few degrees, sperm don’t do so great. And there are some worries that this might impact potential fertility in men with hotter (and I presume sweatier) balls. Now, in normal, every day life, men may not have exposure to excess heat like this very often. But life ain’t so normal anymore. After all, what about this? (Sci might be writing on one of these RIGHT NOW. Luckily, I have no testicles to be worrying about.) Because of the massive increase in laptops, iPads, etc, etc, the scientists in this study decided to look at what effects laptop use might have on temperature of the testicles. After all, lots of guys are using lots of laptops, for lots of time these days. And high scrotal temperatures could have a rough effect on the fertility of those guys. So they took 29 male volunteers of fertile age (21-35), and gave them laptops. They had them work on the laptops (I assume they worked, they may also have watched a movie or something, with their legs either close together (to balance the laptop), with a laptop pad (which you can buy), or with their legs 70 degrees apart, and with a laptop pad. They then measured their scrotal temperature. They hooked up two thermocouples to the UNSHAVED anterior scrotum to measure temperature during the test. I really want to know if those things were sticky and the poor guys got an unintended waxing. And the scientists looked at scrotal temperature, the temperature reached, and how long it took. Let’s take a look at the data. You can see that all scrotes averaged out at the same basal temperature (where the lines meet at the left of the graph). However, you start getting some differences once the laptop computers are applied. All the users showed significant increased in nut temperature, with left nut and right nut experiencing similar increases in all conditions. (Hopefully that will fit…) But you can also see that significant differences in ball temperature were obtained in the different conditions. The highest, and the FASTEST increase in temperature was with the men sitting with their knees close together to support the laptop, without a laptop pad. They had an average increase of 2.4 degrees or so, and achieved a one degree elevation in only 11 minutes (well, the right scrote 11 minutes, left 12, dang lefty always lagging behind). With a laptop pad present, the time for a one degree increasse increased to an average of 14 minutes, but there was still a temperature increase of 2 degrees (nice job, laptop pad). BUT, with the laptop pad AND the knees spread 70 degrees to give proper testicular aeration, the total increase ended up at only 1.4 degress, and a one degree increase took almost half an hour. The authors conclude that laptop use with close legs, even with a laptop pad, results in scrotal hyperthermia, and that you gotta keep those legs spread to keep the jewels cool. While this study makes for some great media fodder and is of course either intentionally or unintentionally hilarious, there are a couple of issues that Sci noticed. First, where’s the condition WITHOUT the laptop? Will a guy with closely closed legs have an increase in scrotal temperature anyway? After all, one of the causes of “increased scrotal temperature” is actually sedentary lifestyle. And while they have the 70 degree leg spread condition with the laptop pad…what about without it? With the laptop presumably balanced on one knee? And while they used two different brands of Pentium 4, there are a LOT of other laptops out there, and some heat up a LOT more than others (for example, netbooks, which Sci knows from experience can practically burn your legs if left on too long). Why didn’t they try those? And here’s another thing. Sure they assessed testicular temperature (lucky boys). And the temperature was higher. But they did NOT assess fertility. How many sperm made it? What were they like? None of this was assessed, and there is as yet no idea of how MUCH laptop exposure would be necessary to actually decrease your fertility. Maybe 30 minutes is ok, but 4 hours is not? What about acute laptop use vs chronic? So while it may be a good idea to be giving your testicles a little extra aeration during laptop use (or to use a table!), we aren’t talking huge decreases in yuppie fertility yet. Sheynkin Y, Welliver R, Winer A, Hajimirzaee F, Ahn H, & Lee K (2010). Protection from scrotal hyperthermia in laptop computer users. Fertility and sterility PMID: 21055743

We are a global platform that provides technological foresight to policy and decision makers worldwide by combining our research methodology with real-time data visualization tools. Latest public projects Envisioning defense Technology Robotics and AI enabling autonomous defense. From healthcare to infrastructure, AI and robotics are quietly, yet systematically permeating every aspect of life. And national security absolutely cannot and will not be left behind. Cryptonomy Envisioning Zero Hunger By drastically transforming how we grow, trade, consume, and dispose of food - new paradigms, behaviors, and ideologies are unfolding.We believe that it is crucial to understand and discuss how these scenarios will impact our society over the course of time.

Inspired by #GatorBoyz KB & Erv Main menu Post navigation Our #GatorBoyz Q&A with Adrian Moss What an honor to chop it up on the phone with Adrian Moss, the Senior captain of the legendary 2006 NCAA Champion University of Florida Gators. We love our 04’s, but I distinctly remember Joakim Noah saying how great it was to send their senior out with a ring. Adrian has some of the best stories I’ve ever heard and he’s got one of the most diverse tastes in music I ever encountered as well. Without further ado, here’s the official 1st Bricks & Palm Trees Q&A with our guy Adrian Moss: Moss the Boss! BPT: What’s up big fella! It’s been 7 years since your career at University of Florida ended in stylish fashion with the 06 championship. Where are you currently and where has your professional career taken you though the years? AM: I’m in Houston, Texas. Getting ready to go to South America today, I’m going to play in the Summer League in Uruguay. Then I’ll probably head back over to Europe for the season. I’ve played in Denmark, Germany, France, Spain, Switzerland, all over. I’ve got 2 more continents to hit, and then I’ll be around the world. I get to see the world, play a little ball, and make a little money. Does your international career allow you to still keep up with the #GatorBoyz? I always bump in to them! I bump into Matt Walsh, Anthony Roberson. Walsh, Brent Wright, and J-Ham (Justin Hamilton) were all on the same team in Belgium! I played against Lee Hump (Humphrey) in Germany to! I was in Argentina and they kept talking about an American who shoots all the time named “Robertson”. I’m in the lobby, I hear a voice and it’s Peep (Roberson)! I wake up at 3 in the morning if I have to, to watch the Florida games. I live and die by my Gators; I live and die by my team. That’s awesome, great to hear! With three straight Elite 8 NCAA tournament appearances, it’s safe to say that the program is returning to the excellence of those 06 & 07 teams. Let’s rewind a bit to your Gator days. What was it like playing under Billy D and the other coaches? It was an experience, a learning experience. You grow up a lot during that time. Coach Donovan and the other coaches constantly teach being a man. They teach basketball, but teach life more. They give you all the keys you need to deal with adversity. 2005 SEC Champs The 06 & 07 championship teams get a lot of attention, but I want to start one year earlier with the 05 SEC Championship team that you were a part of. 8 players on that team played in at least 1 NBA season (Lee, Walsh, Roberson, Richard, Noah, Horford, Green, Brewer). That’s incredible- what were those practices like? Practices were competitive, harder than the games. Out of all the Big’s I played against, only me andBonnell Colas didn’t make the league. And you, Bonnell & Lee Humphrey have all carved out success internationally! The very next year, you were the lone senior on that team. How was it being the Senior captain on the 06 championship team? It was a little different because there was a big age gap. I graduated at age 24, they couldn’t even drink! I love those guys; I still talk to them all the time. When Corey was on the Mavericks, it was Game 6 in Dallas, I called Corey and said “Bro, I need tickets.” He said, “They’ll be there for you Moss.” I got to go the game and then we went out that night to, had a great time. Did the team have any nicknames for you being the old guy? “Uncle Moss”, I remember “Boss”. 2006 National Champs Pretty appropriate. The 04’s (Noah, Horford, Brewer, Green) got a lot of press but I always felt that people forgot how imposing the overall frontcourt was with You, Chris Richard, Joakim and Al. Did you big guys have a special camaraderie that last season? We wanted to be known as the best Big’s in the country. When you got your chance, you came in, you did your job and then you cheered for the next guy. There was no bickering, none of that. None of that from a team with so much talent. You also played against big men like David Lee, Udonis Haslem, and Matt Bonner. Which big man during your UF days gave you most trouble during practice? All of em! Was it hard to come in as a freshman and have to play behind Udonis? Early Gator days It was crazy. You’ve got to remember, I came in with 2 McDonald’s All-Americans. My freshman year I came in with David & James White. I was used to being in the shadow a little. Those guys earned their spots and I knew I had to earn mine. This upcoming season we’ll see tremendous frontcourt depth with Pat Young, Will Yeguete, the addition of Chris Walker, and Damontre Harris and Dorian Finney-Smith becoming eligible. We’ll even throw Casey Prather in the mix because he can play the 4 in a smaller line-up and can def throw down on anybody. Big fan of Casey Prather, big fan. Do you think the inside presence will be the key for this upcoming squad? Yeah, I do. If they learn how to mesh and play together, gel and come together, the frontcourt and the backcourt, I don’t see why they can’t win it all. They will have the tools they need and they need a bit of luck. You always do, the ball to bounce their way a couple times, but I don’t see why they can’t win it all. Alright, let’s switch it up. Let’s do a lighthearted word association. We’ll say a word or phrase and you say the first word or phrase that comes to mind. Ready? Let’s go. First one, Billy Donovan. Greatest coach I’ve ever played for. Joakim Noah Motor that no on can match, great dude. Lee Humphrey Great shooter, 2nd best shooter to come through the Florida program. Who’s the first? Kenyan Weaks. Al Horford Beast. Matt Walsh Great dude, I’ve never seen a crowd ride a player like that. Corey Brewer Long. Athletic runner, jumper. Taurean Green Great dude, great point guard. Leader. David Lee Athletic! Great rebounder. Led the league in double-double’s, Cmon. University of Kentucky Hate em. Bottomline. Vanderbilt Impartial Florida State Impartial, I lost to them maybe once. Tim Tebow Defines “Winning”. Happy to see him get out of NY. That was awesome man, great job. Couple more easy questions and then we’ll let you go. How about a Headphones Check-in: What’s in your iPod that you listen to pregame to get hype? Probably some old Rage Against The Machine. Maybe some old Fiona Apple, some J Cole, Coltrane, Kanye’s first mixtape. Whatever I feel like that day. Who was your favorite player in the NBA growing up? Hakeem, being a Houston kid. Did you model your game after any specific player as you got older? I tried Tim Duncan, but that didn’t work out too good (laughter). The greatest power forward to ever play the game. Who was your favorite Gator to watch before you played for UF? Man, probably Dupay. Old Ted! Who has been one of your favorite Gators to watch after your UF career? I enjoyed watching Murphy’s (Eric) maturation the most. He has a real good shot at staying in the league a while. Adrian, we can’t thank you enough for taking the time for this Q&A. You’re a legend in our eyes, we wish you all the success in the world and we’re very thankful you are a one of the #GatorBoyz!

We love it when members decide to share their news here. And particularly thrilled to hear DSA news from Lawrence, Kansas, whose history traces the root of American dissent. — Ed. Howdy. Lawrence DSA here! We got a bus! We held a nation-wide fundraiser in the month of February and raised over $3,000 to cover the purchase and initial costs of operation of a second-hand school bus. We’ve trained up drivers and mechanics within our chapter, and we’re ready to roll. We plan to use the bus for chapter activities, community events, get-out-the-vote drives, mutual aid projects, and sending people to Topeka to yell at our elected officials. We’re also planning to coordinate with other midwest chapters to bring as many people to Atlanta this summer for the DSA National Convention. Hope to see you there!

Scientists are constantly seeking new and convenient non-destructive damage assessment techniques. In fact, a global market has developed for structural health monitoring products. Many of the currently available techniques ...

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Kerry: Foreign students 'scared' of guns in U.S. David Jackson | USATODAY Secretary of State John Kerry says foreign students are increasingly leery of studying in the United States because of gun violence. "We had an interesting discussion about why fewer students are coming to -- particularly from Japan -- to study in the United States," Kerry tells CNN. "And one of the responses I got from our officials from conversations with parents here is that they're actually scared. "They think they're not safe in the United States and so they don't come." Kerry singled out Japan, which has very restrictive gun laws. From CNN: "In 2011, Japan sent 21,290 students to study in the United States, making it the seventh largest country of origin for international scholars. That was down 14% from the previous year, according to numbers from the Institute of International Education. "Figures have shown international study is down markedly among Japanese students to all destinations, including the United States. Experts have attributed the decline to Japan's low birth rate, the expense of foreign study in a poor economy, and a desire among Japanese young people to remain at home rather than venture to other countries. "Unlike the United States, the right to private gun ownership in Japan is not guaranteed in law. Individuals wishing to possess any firearm must obtain a license and demonstrate a reason for owning the gun. "Out of a total 582 homicides in Japan in 2008, 11 were by guns."

Livid with her bowlers after the humiliating first-round exit from the Women's cricket World Cup, India captain Mithali Raj said their collective failure in the must-win group match against minnows Sri Lanka was a bolt from the blue for her. Livid with her bowlers after the humiliating first-round exit from the Women’s cricket World Cup, India captain Mithali Raj said their collective failure in the must-win group match against minnows Sri Lanka was a bolt from the blue for her. India were crushed by 138 runs, failing to chase the imposing 282/5 set by Sri Lanka last night. “All the bowlers were off colour today. We can expect one or two bowlers of colour a day but not all of them…I think honestly 280 is something I didn’t expect Sri Lanka to score against us, the kind of bowling attack we had,” Raj said after the drubbing. “Against England also, we gave extra runs in the last session of our bowling department. Even today, after the power play overs in the last 10 overs, we gave away too many runs. It is obviously a concern area,” she added. India leaked more than 94 runs in the last 10 overs against Sri Lanka, helping them to post 282/5. “The Sri Lankan batsmen scored most of their runs at square of the wicket. It shows as a bowler where you are bowling,” she explained. Asked if former captain and pace spearhead Jhulan Goswami let her down Raj said, “It is not that one player will score each and every day. Sometimes the others also have to support. She has done well against West Indies, she has done well against England. It was her off day.” “I didn’t expect the rest of the bowlers to be off too. It happens sometime that when you know one bowler is there in the side, whom you have to watch and play. And if that bowler may not get the line and length on that particular day that doesn’t mean she has let me down. “She definitely has won some amazing games for India, so one bad match for her, the position she is in, I don’t think she let me down,” she said. Goswami picked up three wickets against Sri Lanka but she wasn’t her economical best and conceded 63 runs. The team had made one change by replacing pacer Niranjana Nagrajan with Shubh Lakshmi Sharma, a move that did not work. “I think everybody knew that the wicket wouldn’t help the spinners. What I expected today was that the pacers would do a decent job. The way they started after the first wicket fell, the partnership between one down batter and opener, they played some good strokes,” Raj said. “Niranjana did get few wickets in the last two games but she was expensive as well and we thought we will get a new pacer and she will be raring to go in the form of Shubh Lakshmi,” she said. Sharma went wicket-less in her nine overs and conceded 52 runs. Raj was also critical of the India’s batting effort. “When you chase a big total, it is very important to have a good start. We lost a quick wicket and as we tried to build a little bit of partnership between me and Thirushkamini, it didn’t become big and after me when we lost Harmanpreet Kaur. “I think the top three batsmen in a span of below 50 runs, that is where I thought the match was going to be tight,” she explained. Asked if India underestimated Sri Lanka, Raj said, “I don’t think it was complacency but I had lot of faith in my bowlers. The kind of attack we had, I definitely felt 280 was a little more today.It is disappointing to be out of World Cup as a host team.” India still have a match to play when they take on Pakistan for the seventh and eighth position play off tomorrow. “Honestly I don’t know… It is the seventh and eighth position. It is very disappointing. I really can’t comment on that because I am still not in a position to think about that,” she said. “As a captain it is disappointing but as player I do realise there is always a fluctuation. It happens in sports that sometimes you are in your best of form, sometimes you really don’t take it off. That is part of sport,” said the world number one batter, who wasn’t in best of forms scoring 1, 8 and 20 in three matches. Meanwhile, Sri Lanka captain Shashikala Siriwardene was on seventh heaven receiving congratulatory messages from well wishers including President Mahinda Rajapaksa. “I can’t believe it, it’s dream come true for us. We finished eighth in the last world cup. I got a call from my home. The people are excited over there. This is the second match they have seen live. Everything is changing for us,” she said. On the President’s message, she said, “He said he has not seen a match like this for the first time. He is very happy for us. He just wanted to congratulate us. We are happy for this victory and good luck for the rest.” In their 18 meetings, India have lost to Sri Lanka for the first time having won the previous 16 times with one being a no result. The island nation has made it to the super six for the first time and Siriwardene said the team hopes to put up a good show. “This is the first time we are coming to super six, so we are hoping to do well,” she said. The 27-year old said that this could well be her last World Cup appearance. “I am super happy. This might be my last World Cup and I wanted to do something special for my team. I am happy,” she said. First Published on February 6, 2013 12:33 PM ISTLast updated on February 6, 2013 12:33 PM IST

Dr. Tim Drain (TJC Assistant Vice President Athletics and Student Life), wife Holly, and friends visit with a TJC football player as the hamburger cookout comes to an end on Sunday, August 4, 2019 at TJC. Dr. Tim Drain (TJC Assistant Vice President Athletics and Student Life), wife Holly, and friends visit with a TJC football player as the hamburger cookout comes to an end on Sunday, August 4, 2019 at TJC. Emily Raley/Staff TJC football players gather around to fix their plates at the cookout on Sunday, August 4, 2019. It was not smoke signals coming out of the Apache football camp on Sunday. It was just a friendly cookout as the Tyler Junior College football players began reporting for training camp. New TJC coach Thomas Rocco hosted the event as local supporters greeted the football players and ate a burger or two. Also, Rocco gave tours of an improved TJC field house. The new coaching staff painted the field house and Rocco’s brother, Tony Rocco, and two of his business partners helped spruce up the place and modernized the facility with TVs and new sound equipment. Tony Rocco owns Cable Guy in Scottsdale, Arizona and donated some $15,000 to upgrade the facility. There is a new sound system and TVs in the football conference room as well as the locker room. Also the old theater seats from Wise Auditorium, which is undergoing a renovation, are now installed in the Apaches’ conference room. On Sunday, the Apaches took drug tests and then got to enjoy the cookout. Fall Camp officially begins on Monday. The team will lift, go to study hall, have skill meetings and then have a walk-through Monday night. On Tuesday, basically the same schedule with the first workout set for 7 p.m. at Pat Hartley Field. Also, along with attending church on Aug. 11 and 18, Rocco has slated several guest speakers during camp. The first game is less than three weeks away. The Apaches open on Aug. 24 at Kilgore College. Kickoff is 7 p.m. TJC’s first four games are on the road. Following the KC game, which is non-conference, the Apaches play Blinn in Brenham (7 p.m., Aug. 31), meet Trinity Valley at Athens (7 p.m., Sept. 7) and take on Navarro in Corsicana (7 p.m., Sept. 14). All but the Kilgore contest is a Southwest Junior College Football Conference game. Tyler’s first home game is against Texas A&T on Sept. 21 at Christus Trinity Mother Frances Rose Stadium. Kickoff is 7 p.m. Tags I am a native Tylerite and I grew up reading the Tyler Morning Telegraph and The Tyler Courier-Times. My parents took both the morning and afternoon papers. I came to work here 35 years ago at the age of 23, right after college. Get email notifications on {{subject}} daily! Your notification has been saved. There was a problem saving your notification. {{description}} Email notifications are only sent once a day, and only if there are new matching items.

Sony WH-1000XM2 Positive Negative alaTest has collected and analyzed 306 reviews of Sony WH-1000XM2. The average rating for this product is 4.6/5, compared to an average rating of 4.0/5 for other Headphones for all reviews. People are impressed by the durability and comfort. The usability and noise isolation are also appreciated, but there are some less positive comments about the portability and price. sound, noise isolation, usability, comfort, durability price, portability We analyzed user and expert ratings, product age and more factors. Compared to other Headphones the Sony WH-1000XM2 is awarded an overall alaScore™ of 100/100 = Excellent quality. Sony WH-1000XM2 is an update over last year's 1000X. The sound is impressive, and noise cancellation is amongst the best. Although the battery life is not at par with the QC35, it's a more feature-rich and well-balanced headphone. In the WH-1000XM2, Sony has created perhaps the best noise-cancelling over-ear headphones that we've ever tested. Having put in a strong performance in the original guise, the second coming delivers a repeat performance - with a little extra. Sony WH-1000XM2 review Sony's MDR-1000X was one of our favorite noise-cancelling wireless headphones of 2016. This is the new enhanced version, the WH-1000XM2. Priced at $350, £330 or AU$499, it looks very similar to the original and also comes in beige or black, but the... The Sony WH-1000XM2 is an excellent-sounding, comfortable wireless headphone with effective noise canceling that measures up to Bose's for muffling ambient noise. Its battery life has been improved and it has some nifty extra features geared toward... It should perform a little better as a headset. Battery isn't replaceable. Sony's WH-1000XM2 may not be quite as comfortable as Bose's QuietComfort 35 II, but in some respects it's a superior headphone. Sony WH-1000XM2 review Sony's MDR-1000X was one of our favorite noise-cancelling wireless headphones of 2016. This is the new enhanced version, the WH-1000XM2. Priced at $350, £330 or AU$499, it looks very similar to the original and also comes in beige or black, but the... The Sony WH-1000XM2 is an excellent-sounding, comfortable wireless headphone with effective noise canceling that measures up to Bose's for muffling ambient noise. Its battery life has been improved and it has some nifty extra features geared toward... It should perform a little better as a headset. Battery isn't replaceable. Sony's WH-1000XM2 may not be quite as comfortable as Bose's QuietComfort 35 II, but in some respects it's a superior headphone. Sony 1000XM2 noise-cancelling headphones review: the imperfect best Here's a question to ponder: when buying noise-cancelling headphones, do you care more about the sound they produce or the noise they neutralize? Exceedingly comfortable ; Noise cancelling doesn't get any better ; Long battery life Fiddly touch controls ; Sound quality has been surpassed by better rivals ; MicroUSB charging is so very 2016 The key difference maker for me is the $299.99 price of the 1000XM2s. That’s at least $30 south of the Bose QuietComfort 35s — and I’m confident both 1000X models from Sony offer superior sound and performance than Bose — and a full $100 cheaper than... The WH-1000XM2 sounds great and can be tweaked in the EQ department according to taste. It's easy to operate, and the app gives you extra levels of control over the high quality noise cancellation circuitry. The Bose QuietComfort 35 II is still king of... Don’t sound nearly as good when used as a passive, wired pair of headphones. ; Abrupt motions can break ANC performance. ; Adaptive sound control technology isn't perfect. Sony’s WH-1000XM2 wireless ANC headphones are nothing short of exceptional. Sony’s ANC technology remains among the best I’ve tested and can toe-to-toe with the Bose QC35. However, it’s Sony’s rich, on-board technology features that really set this...

"Is it better to be loved or feared?"I was recently asked this question as I was recounting a classic Anquetil/Poulidor battle with a close friend and, well, it got me thinking. Photo by Roger Krieger. Courtesy of http://en.yellowkorner.com. It was the 1964 Tour stage finish on the Puy de Dome. The two Frenchmen – one the master, one the underdog – had ridden shoulder to shoulder for ten kilometers on roads so steep it was difficult to walk on. Although by this time he had won the Tour of Spain, Milan - San Remoand the Fleche Wallone, Poulidor's achievements were paltry compared to the man from Normandy. Nevertheless, every dog has his day; this stage was to be Poulidor's moment. To this day, Raymond Poulidor is the more popular of the two; the reason? Maybe we prefer an unpredictable story. Maybe we recognize ourselves in Poulidor, having more in common with a man who tries and often fails, rather than the character who, without apparent effort, succeeds almost every time. It was a sentiment that Eddy Merckx faced during his racing career, whereby his dominance in the peloton prompted a similar reaction on the part of the spectating public. Bernard Hinault added another wrinkle to the question of love versus fear with his own unique career. As a rider and competitor, it’s advantageous to be feared for your talents; your job is easier if opponents feel intimidated by your prowess. In terms of competition, being feared wins almost every time; all the more so if there’s an element of respect mixed in. In “real” life, the life off the bike, most cycling champions seem to want to be loved as much as the rest of us. They have little problem turning their swords back into ploughshares and finding a way to give back. Here are just two examples. Bernard Hinault founded Souffles D’Espoir, a charity helping the struggle against cancer; he regularly leads charity rides to raise money for this cause. Eddy Merckx travels as an ambassador for the Damien the Leper Society which combats leprosy around the developing world; he also funds research in Pediatric Cardiology conducted in Belgium and other charity work. Is there ego involved? The desire to remain in the public eye, or perhaps the desire, as in all of us, to be seen doing good works? I would imagine so, to a lesser or greater degree. As for me, I’ll take love every time. Love of family and friends, love of duty, doing the right thing wherever possible. Love of this understated, subtle craft that has entranced me for thirty odd years and at which I remain a willing student. Where do we get our impulses, our encouragements to pursue a path, or adopt a certain attitude to living? For me, it was my father; a man who seemed to never "work” a day in his life. Tom Jones was an experimental engineer who worked on adapting gas turbine engines for use in cars; a modest, beloved man who led by example and who was, truly, the hub around which all activity revolved. I absorbed from him the proposition that either you love what you do -- or you do something else. I digress. Fear is easy. It doesn't take much. It is, in a sense, instinctual; a path from another time.Love takes work. It takes intention. It isn't necessarily the easiest way to live. That said, I can assure you it is, absolutely, the most profound, the most engaging, and the most rewarding. I just finished William Fotheringham’s book, “Bernard Hinault and the Fall and Rise of French Cycling.” It’s a pull-no-punches look at the career of five time Tour de France winner Hinault. What a career it was! Tour de France; eight starts, five victories! Giro D’Italia; three starts, three victories! Vuelta a Espana; two starts, two victories! What makes it more remarkable was the relatively short span; he was a pro for eleven years, compared to thirteen years for Merckx, sixteen for Anquetil and twenty for Coppi. The date of his retirement would come as no surprise. Two years before, he announced he would take his leave on his thirty-second birthday. It didn’t surprise many that he did exactly as promised, although most believed he had many good years left in the tank. He had, however, witnessed great riders slowly lose their shiny feathers and fall back to earth, revealed as mere mortals at the end. For me, watching a rider command an ageing body by force of will and memory is bittersweet, tragic, and beautiful. I love him all the more for it. Monsieur Hinault differs with me on this point. That approach wasn’t for him. He would go out at a moment of his choosing, no one else's. It’s worth contrasting Hinault with Raymond Poulidor, one of France’s most beloved riders and known as the Eternal Second. The book paints a portrait of a hard-headed Breton with a reputation for making promises and standing by them. How, then, does one account for his seeming betrayal of Greg Lemond in the ’86 Tour? After all, he’d promised to return the favor after Lemond helped him in ’85. I think it’s a question of instinct. On the back of Fotheringham’s book is a quotation from Hinault himself; “As long as I breathe, I attack” That’s the key, I reckon; he just couldn’t help himself. I agree with the author that it wasn’t even the attraction of a sixth Tour victory that motivated him. His instinct was to attack at all times, if opportunity arose; otherwise, it wasn’t really racing, was it? His career was significant in another way. During the ’78 Tour, he was thrust to the front, accepting the role as spokesman in the riders strike at Valence D’Algen. He successfully voiced riders’ demands for more humane working conditions, such as limiting stages to only one per day. Up to this point, Tour organizers had thrown in a couple days when there would be two stages, thereby increasing the number of towns paying to have the race come through, or hold the stage finish. He demanded that riders be accorded a dignity and respect previously ungranted. Race organizers appeared to regard professional riders as beasts of burden, a view unchanged for eighty years. If a rising tide lifts all boats, then his time on La Vie Claire was a blessing for future pro cyclists. After witnessing Hinault’s trouncing in the ’84 Tour, La Vie Claire owner Bernard Tapie hired Greg Lemond to be Hinault’s lieutenant for the ’85 Tour; the salary was viewed as astronomical at the time, but it altered forever the pay structure for professional cycling; the signing also helped to secure Hinault’s fifth Tour, to boot. With regard to the Tour de France, he was truly the last “grand patron”. Certainly, every Tour has an alpha male, an enforcer, but Hinault’s toolkit was so much bigger; he had the drive to win and the anger to make it happen. He had the physical superiority and had perfected the art of psychological aggression, needling a competitor till he broke them. Moreover, his command lasted the entire season, be it Liege-Bastogne-Liege in April, The Tour in July, or the Tour of Lombardy in October. I can say with confidence, I will not see another Hinault in my time. If you’re looking to unravel Hinault’s story, to find the flesh and blood inside the legend, William Fotheringham’s book is a great place to start. The bicycle industry has always been sensitive to the wishes of its customers, but I think something has happened in the last thirty years that has made it even more sensitive to trends. In that time we’ve seen a huge number of new enthusiasts take to the roads (or trails) who came from other sports. They have joined our ranks because cycling is essentially kind to the body, especially the knees and hips; that’s not true of tennis or running, for example. The newcomers weren’t steeped in bicycle lore and didn’t necessarily have the same reverence for the past that the Old Timers have -- not necessarily a bad thing; cycling’s a big tent, after all. Along with their money, they also brought an openness to new materials. The new materials were coming, for sure, but these guys had seen carbon or graphite in their tennis rackets or golf clubs, so why not in a bicycle frame? The Carbon Era was born. Something interesting has happened in the last five to ten years. A pendulum swings both ways and we’ve seen a growing curiosity and appetite for componentry NOT made from carbon fiber. I share premises with Aaron Stinner, who heads Stinner Frameworks. He makes frames out of steel and titanium. Owing to demand, he struggles to keep the waiting list short. People have re-discovered the virtues of these materials. It’s a similar story with bicycle rims. I build quite a bit with carbon fiber. It’s light and comfortable; you can create a deep, aerodynamic rim profile at a weight that aluminum fails to match. However, I also construct many wheels featuring the new wave of wide alloy rims from companies such as Pacenti, Hed and Velocity. They concede to carbon in terms of aerodynamics, but have a big advantage when it comes to the internal width of the rim. This is the measurement that matters. I’ll explain in a moment, but here’s a story first. I have a set of test wheels built with Pacenti SL23 rims. The rims are 24.5mm wide and are stated to be 420 grams, but they were actually 409 grams. I weighed them before I built them up. I shod them with Schwalbe One tubeless 700x23 tires. These tires, labeled at 23mm, measured 26mm wide when installed! That’s because the internal width of this rim is 20.5 mm. It allows the tire to sit fat and wide, creating a generous contact patch that offers improved feedback and security to the rider. What’s not to like? Improved cornering, descending and braking; plenty of comfort courtesy of the tubeless tire; no need to use a 25c tire to gain a bigger contact patch, so weight savings are generated. I’ve mounted these wheels on four of my customers’ bikes in the last month; each one has purchased a pair afterwards. So, here’s a comparison with carbon rims. A carbon road rim 25mm wide does not come close to having the internal width of an alloy rim. You’re ending up with an internal width of 17mm for most of the carbon offerings out there -- the clinching edges of a carbon rim simply must be beefed up to hold the pressure. Owing to this narrower internal width, one is faced with a reduced contact patch and the reduction in all the good qualities associated with wider rims. This is oversimplified, of course. I’m just a wheel-builder, after all. But hopefully I’ve illustrated that there’s no perfect material or design out there. We’re closer than we were, but we're still working towards it. There’s much discussion these days on a subject that continues to be a technological gray area for many cyclists – tire size, width in particular. What’s the fastest size? Wide or skinny? A growing number of riders are adding their own anecdotal experience to the discussion. It largely corroborates what the wind tunnel technicians and armchair scientists have been proclaiming for years; wider tires are faster. Here are a few reasons why. 1. Wider tires offer less rolling resistance. They have a shorter contact patch resulting in less hysteretic loss. That’s a fancy way of saying that they roll over bumps better without being slowed by the impact, allowing you to go faster over less than perfect surfaces. I don’t know of any perfect surface other than a wooden velodrome track. 2.Despite their extra size, 25c tires are at least as aerodynamic as a skinnier tire when mounted on the correct rim. 3. Wider tires are more comfortable. We should not forget that comfort is a factor of efficiency. Jobst Brant, circa 1985-ish Current designs are backed up by quantifiable data proving their efficacy, but I do shake my head and chuckle when I think of how it was in the ‘70s and ‘80s. I remember magazine adverts from Avocet - featuring Jobst Brandt, no less – showing Brandt leaning into a fast corner on 19c tires! We mature riders cut our teeth on Specialized Turbo 19c and 20c clinchers. We all thought that narrower was faster; it was intuitive, wasn’t it? Well, perhaps not. A patent co-owned by Hed and Zipp dating back to the mid 90’s let the cat out of the bag; wider tires mounted on wider rims produced better airflow and were thus more aerodynamic. It should be stated, however, that “wide” rims in ’95 were not the 25-27mm wide examples we see now, but the principle was proved nonetheless. For optimum performance, a wider tire mounted on a wide rim offers less rolling resistance and gives the rider greater feedback, especially when cornering. The small increase in weight is easily mitigated the advantages of speed, comfort and control that the design offers. I see just one problem for some riders seeking this improvement; their frames don’t have enough clearance on the fork, chain stay, or both. Ahh, Progress……. If you'd like to investigate all manner of questions regarding tires, rims and rolling resistance, I recommend two places to begin your self-education. My friend Tom Anhalt runs bikeblather.blogspot.com; he has listed exhaustive data on a large variety of tires. Another place to seek enlightenment is Jan Heine’s blog, Off the Beaten Path. It’s good for lots of stuff. I recently constructed a pair of wheels featuring a pair of 28 hole Gipiemme hubs that had sat in their box for thirty years. My customer was looking for a wheel set that would complement the appearance of a classic Moser that he had purchased. The bike will be ridden at the 2016 California edition of the Eroica, in Paso Robles; no doubt it will be ridden before, as well. My customer has a fondness for the classic parts he couldn’t afford as a kid, but appreciates the progress in componentry that has been bestowed on us all. So, what rims to go with? We wanted silver, just like Merckx, Ocana and Anquetil would have used; we wanted box section, like the old Mavic MA2s, not the aero designs prevalent in the 90s and later. We wanted wide because they work better in a multitude of ways, so we opted for the H Plus Son TB14 in silver. 23mm wide? Check. Welded seam, machined brake surface, double eyelets, elegant badge on the valve hole? Check’em all. They ended up looking really crisp, a beautiful mix of retro style and efficiency. Building these wheels was not only a trip down memory lane for me, but also an occasion for realizing how much we stand on the shoulders of giants. Today, bikes handle better, stop better and climb better because of innumerable talented, passionate engineers and artists who wouldn’t stop looking for small subtle improvements. I feel blessed by their efforts.

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--- abstract: 'We investigate the time-dependent nonlinear optical absorption of a clay dispersion (Laponite) in organic dye (Rhodamine B) water solution displaying liquid-arrested state transition. Specifically, we determine the characteristic time $\tau_D$ of the nonlinear susceptibility build-up due as to the Soret effect. By comparing $\tau_D$ with the relaxation time provided by standard dynamic light scattering measurements we report on the decoupling of the two collective diffusion times at the two very different length scales during the aging of the out-of-equilibrium system. With this demonstration experiment we also show the potentiality of nonlinear optics measurements in the study of the late stage of arrest in soft materials.' author: - 'Neda Ghofraniha$^{1}$, Claudio Conti$^{2}$, Giancarlo Ruocco$^{1,2}$ and Francesco Zamponi$^{3}$' title: | Time-dependent Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility of an\ Out-of-Equilibrium Soft Material --- Light can influence matter microscopic properties providing an optical response that depends on the laser power. The nonlinear optical susceptibility of a wide variety of materials (e.g. simple liquids [@Nag03], magnetic fluids [@Alv03; @Sog07], liquid crystals [@KhooBook], polymeric thin films [@Lia05] and nano-composite layers [@delcoso04]) has been investigated by using different techniques. Time-resolved Z-scan [@Oli94] has been used to distinguish between different nonlinear effects in crystals and in liquids and transient holographic gratings [@Spi00] allowed to study the thermal diffusion of nanospheres. Nonlinear optics in soft material has been explored in diluted colloidal suspensions [@Ash82a], in metallic nanoparticles [@Gom07OL] with different chemical stabilizers [@Gom07JOSAB], in presence of nanoparticles aggregation [@Wan05] and recently in out-of-equilibrium systems [@Con06; @Gho07]. Complex fluids far from thermodynamic equilibrium are known to display [*aging*]{} [@Bou97; @Leticia], meaning that dynamical quantities such as correlations and responses depend on the time spent since the sample preparation ([*waiting time*]{} $t_w$). The same is expected for the dynamics of nonlinear optical self-action effects, like self-phase modulation and nonlinear absorption, an issue that so far remains unexplored. These effects can be used to determine the Soret coefficient and the collective diffusion coefficient of the colloidal particles moving on length scales much larger than particles size. Therefore the presented nonlinear optics experiments can be very useful to characterize dynamical properties of colloidal systems, for instance [*i)*]{} to study the dynamics of jammed systems characterized by long range interactions and [*ii)*]{} to analyze the dynamical properties of weakly turbid samples, not detectable by standard light scattering measurements. In this Letter we report on the time-dependent optical nonlinearity of a complex out-of-equilibrium system during its dynamics slowing down. The investigated soft-medium is a dye-doped clay (Laponite) dispersed in water. The suspension is prepared by solving the Laponite powder, supplied by Laporte Ltd., in a solution of Rhodamine-B (RhB) and deionized water at 0.1 mM concentration. The suspension at 1.6 wt% clay concentration is then stirred vigorously until it is cleared and filtered through $0.22\;\mu$m pore size Millipore filter. The sample is prepared in air and we take the time when the suspension is filtered as the starting aging time ($t_w=0$). Once dispersed in water Laponite platelets start to aggregate and their dynamics slows down leading to a liquid-arrested state transition  [@Ruz04PRL]. In the mentioned RhB-water-Laponite suspension all dye molecules attach to the clay particles surface [@Arb98aLang]. We estimate about 10 dye molecules per platelet, much less than the maximum allowed adsorption sites (about 500 as provided by Laporte Ltd. data-sheet). The RhB molecules absorb visible light that locally heats up the medium and the induced thermal gradient influences both water density and dielectric properties (thermal effect) [@Sin00JAP] and colloidal particle concentration (thermo-diffusive or Soret effect) [@Rus04aJOSA]. Both phenomena lead to a nonlinear optical response characterized by distinct time scales: $\sim ms$ and $\sim s$, respectively. The thermal effect is responsible of local refraction changes (thermal lens), while the Soret effect in principle can produce either absorption or refraction variations. To study this twofold effect we perform both non-linear refraction and absorption measurements. By using the Z-scan approach, for refraction experiments the light source is a CW pumped diode laser operating at wavelength $\lambda=532\, nm$ modulated by a mechanical shutter with opening time $700\mu s$. The beam is focused by a 75 mm focal-length lens providing a 35 $\mu$m beam waist radius $w$ at the sample position. A photo-detector with rise-time $14\, ns$ and an angular acceptance of $0.73^\circ$ was used to probe the light power. Being the beam spot on the detector larger than the photo-diode surface, only the light transmitted along the beam axis is collected, giving access to the nonlinear phase shift [@Bah90a]. For absorption experiments we use the same setup in addition with a $25\,mm$ focal-length lens before the detector, thus collecting the whole transmitted beam. The colloidal dispersion is syringed in a glass cuvette with transverse dimensions $10 \times 35\,mm^2$ and $1\,mm$ thickness along the beam axis. Each single measurement is the response of a different point of the sample not previously illuminated. We investigate the doped clay response at four different incident laser powers for each $t_w$, during which we consider unchanged the dynamics and structural properties of Laponite at 1.6% w/w, as inferred from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements on the same sample. Refraction measurements are aimed to distinguish between thermal and Soret time-scales. In Fig. \[fig1\] the normalized transmitted light intensity is reported displaying the two distinct times. The intensity is normalized such that its value gives $\Delta \bar n(t)/\Delta \bar n_T$, where $\Delta \bar n(t)$ is the nonlinear phase shift per unit length and unit intensity (radial integral of the bell shaped $\Delta \bar n(r,t)$, with $r$ the transversal radial coordinate) and $\Delta \bar n_T$ corresponds to the saturation of the thermal contribution. At short times the temperature gradient induces mostly water density variation, which provides a change of the index of refraction $\Delta\, n (t)<0$ (thermal lens) that broadens the input beam. Being the sample positioned before the focus of the lens (z=0, as shown in the inset of \[fig1\]), the transmitted beam gets narrower augmenting the detected light intensity. In Fig. \[fig1\] the intensity growth at large times is due to the dyed clay thermal-diffusion, that induces variation of light absorption influencing the refractivity. Z-scans experiments [@Gho07] show that the RhB-platelets diffusion drastically alters the nonlinear absorption that is considered with details in the following. In Fig. \[fig1\], at short times, the thermal effect is compared to the theoretical curve from [@Wu90JAP], calculated with our experimental parameters. From the comparison we have $t^\star=65\,ms$ as the time when the thermal gradient can be regarded as stationary. ![[**Refraction**]{}. Normalized transmitted light intensity of 0.1mM RhB-water+1.6% w/w Laponite dispersion compared to the theoretical thermal lens curve (solid line)- see text. Input power 8.3 mW. Inset: sketch of z-scan profile; the cross corresponds to the sample position.[]{data-label="fig1"}](FIG1-th.eps){width="7.5cm"} In the following nonlinear optical absorption and its evolution during the gelation of the soft material is considered. The transmitted intensity is $I(r,t)=I_0(r)\,\text{exp}[-\alpha(r,t)\,L]$ with $I_0(r)=I_0\,\text{exp}(-2r^2/w^2)$ the input, $w$ the beam waist, $I_0$ the peak value and $L$ the sample thickness. The absorption coefficient $\alpha(r,t)=\alpha_0+\Delta\alpha[I(r,t)]$ can be written as the sum of a constant term (the linear absorption coefficient) and a time and laser intensity dependent term $\Delta\alpha[I(r,t)]$ that is related to the gradient of particles mass fraction $\Delta c[I(r,t)]$ by $$\label{deltaalpha} \Delta \alpha[I(r,t)]=\left(\frac{\partial \alpha} {\partial c}\right)_{\bar c}\,\Delta c[I(r,t)],$$ where $\bar c$ is the average mass fraction. $\Delta\alpha[I(r,t)]$ is the response of the out-of-equilibrium system to the solicitation $I(r,t)$, which is proportional to the local temperature gradient responsible of the platelets diffusion. We consider the series expansion of $\Delta\alpha[I(r,t)]$ in terms of $I_0$: the first term is the susceptibility linear in theperturbation and it can be described by the linear hydrodynamics equations \[equations (\[heat\]) and (\[massflux\]) below\]. The nonlinear absorption coefficient $\Delta\alpha[I(r,t)]$ can be obtained in our experiments by writing $\Delta\alpha(r,t)=-[I(r,t)-I(r,t=t^\star)]/L\,I(r,t=t^\star)$, where $t^\star$ is the starting time of the colloid Soret effect, $I(r,t^\star)=I_0(r)\,\text{exp}[-\alpha(r,t^\star)\,L]$ and we retain the first term in the expansion $\text{exp}[-\Delta\alpha(r,t)\,L]$. In this way we examine the contribution to the nonlinear optical susceptibility $\Delta\alpha(t)$, that is only due to platelets motion and hence its dependence on the structural properties of the jelling system. In the following we scale down the response function $\Delta\alpha(r,t)$ to the input power $P_0$ as $\Delta\alpha(r,t)/P_0$. In Fig. \[fig2\] we show the output signal $S(t)=-\langle \Delta\alpha(r,t)\rangle_r\,/P_0$ at four powers and two different aging times ($\langle \Delta \alpha(r,t)\rangle_r= \int_0^\infty {\mbox d} r\,r\,e^{\frac{-2r^2}{w^2}}\,\Delta \alpha(r,t)/ \int_0^\infty {\mbox d} r\,r\,e^{\frac{-2r^2}{w^2}}$ is the radial average over the incident intensity profile). ![[**Absorption**]{}. Scaled absorption coefficient of 0.1mM RhB-water+1.6% w/w Laponite dispersion at two different aging times. The four inject power values are: 8.3 mW, 11 mW, 14 mW and 17.8 mW.[]{data-label="fig2"}](fig2.eps){width="7.5cm" height="8.5cm"} In the range $65\,ms<t<1\,s$ the signals at different input powers collapse on one curve defining the linear response regime. For $t>1\,s$ higher orders terms are relevant; these terms give direct access to the dynamical heterogeneity length scales [@Bou05] and their characterization will be reported elsewhere. In the “linear” regime ( $65\,ms<t<1\,s$) the induced particle mass fraction change $\Delta c[I(r,t)]$ is given by the solution of the heat-mass flux coupled equations  [@deGBook] $$\begin{aligned} \label{heat} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Delta T(r,t) & = & D_T \nabla^2 \Delta T(r,t) \\ \nonumber & + & \frac{D_T\,D_D\,\bar T\,\mu_c}{k}\nabla^2 \Delta c(r,t) +\frac{D_T\,\alpha_0}{k}\, I(r) \\ \label{massflux} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Delta c(r,t) & = & D_c \nabla^2 \Delta c(r,t) \\ \nonumber & + & D_c S_T \bar c (1-\bar c) \nabla^2 \Delta T(r,t) \end{aligned}$$ where $\Delta T(r,t)$ is the radial temperature variation due to the local light absorption, $D_T$ and $k$ are water thermal diffusivity and conductivity respectively, $\bar T$ is the bulk temperature $\mu_c$ is the the variation of colloid’s chemical potential in presence of a concentration gradient and $D_D$ is the Dufour coefficient; $D_c$ is the particles collective diffusion coefficient and $S_T$ is the Soret coefficient. As shown in Fig. \[fig1\] clay concentration gradient builds up once the temperature profile reaches a stationary state, this allows to neglect the Dufour effect in the heat equation and to take $\nabla^2 \Delta T(r,t)$ in (\[massflux\]) from the stationary solution of (\[heat\]). In decoupling the two effects we consider negligible the Soret feedback on the temperature profile, being $(|\alpha_2|\,I_0)/\alpha_0 \sim 10^{-5}$, where the coefficients $\alpha_0=0.86\,mm^{-1}$ and $\alpha_2=-2.8\, nm/W$ are obtained by fitting $\log[I_0/I(t=1s)]=L\,(\alpha_0+\alpha_2\,I_0)$ vs. $I_0$. In this approximation the colloidal mass fraction variation leads to $$\begin{aligned} \label{deltac} \Delta c(r,t) & = & \frac{\bar c\,S_T\,\alpha_0\,P_0}{4\pi\,k} \left[Ei\left(-\frac{2\,r^2}{w^2}\right)\right. \\ \nonumber & - & \left.Ei\left(-\frac{2\,r^2}{w^2}\frac{1}{1+2t/\tau_D}\right)\right],\end{aligned}$$ being $P_0=I_0\pi w^2$ the beam power, $\tau_D=w^2/4 D_c$ the characteristic diffusion time over the beam spot size, and $Ei$ the exponential integral function. To analyze the observed nonlinear absorption in our experiments by means of equation (\[deltac\]) we consider the output signal $$\begin{aligned} \label{radial} S(t) & = & -\langle \Delta\alpha(r,t)\rangle_r\,/P_0 \\ \nonumber & = & L\left(\frac{\partial \alpha}{\partial c}\right)_{\bar c}\, \frac{\bar c\,S_T\,\alpha_0}{4\pi\,k}\log\left(1+\frac{t}{\tau_D}\right)\end{aligned}$$ as obtained by using expressions  (\[deltaalpha\]) and (\[deltac\]). We use equation (\[radial\]) to fit the experimental results at different $t_w$ values. We show in Fig. \[fig3\] the output data with the fitting curves (solid lines) at two aging times and in Fig. \[fig4\]-a the fitted characteristic thermo-diffusion times $\tau_D$ at various $t_w$. ![[**Absorption**]{}. Scaled absorption coefficient of 0.1mM RhB-water+1.6% w/w Laponite dispersion and the fitting curves (full lines) by using expression (\[radial\]).[]{data-label="fig3"}](fig3.eps){width="7.5cm"} ![Characteristic thermo-diffusion time (a) and mean relaxation time (b) vs. $t_w$ and the fitting exponential curves (full lines). Inset: the ratio $D_c / D_M$ vs. $t_w$[]{data-label="fig4"}](fig4E.eps){width="7.5cm" height="8.5cm"} We find that this characteristic time exponentially grows during aging as the structural relaxation time $\tau_M(t_w)$ obtained from DLS measurements, which are contemporarily performed on the same sample. DLS data were fitted assuming a correlation function made by square of the sum of an exponential function with relaxation time $\tau_1$ and a stretched exponential function with relaxation time $\tau_2$ and stretching coefficient $\beta$. The mean relaxation time is defined as $\tau_M =\tau_2\,{\beta^{-1}}\,\Gamma\,\left({\beta^{-1}} \right)$ with $\Gamma(x)$ the usual Euler gamma function. Indeed we fit both $\tau_D(t_w)$ and the mean relaxation time $\tau_M(t_w)$ (representing the slow dynamics of the correlation function) with the exponential growth law $\tau=\tau_0+\tau_1\,{\mbox exp}(\mu\,t_w)$ (full lines trough data) as shown in Fig. \[fig4\]-a and Fig. \[fig4\]-b respectively. Both $\tau_D$ and $\tau_M$ describe the collective diffusion of interacting particles on different length scales: DLS probes dynamics on $1/q\simeq 50\, nm$ and nonlinear susceptibility on $w\simeq 35\,\mu m$. Although we find comparable growth rates $\mu$ from the fitting procedure, the ratio $D_c/D_M$ \[with $D_c=w^2/(4 \, \tau_D)$ and $D_M=1/(q^2 \, \tau_M)$\] reported in the inset of \[fig4\]-b as a function of $t_w$ increases of approximately one order of magnitude in the accessible waiting-time window. Moreover at very low $t_w$ the two diffusion coefficients are not the same. This behavior can be attributed to the long ranged (screened electrostatic) interactions between Laponite particles, characterized by the peculiarity of non- homogeneous surface charge distribution, that makes the system strongly interacting on relatively large length scales even at very small $t_w$ [@Ruz08]. Another possible explanation might be the deviation to the Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation (FDR) in an out-of-equilibrium glassy system [@Bou97]. Indeed the diffusion constant measured in optical absorption is related to the response of density to an external field, while the one measured in DLS is related to the correlation of density fluctuations. The mentioned discrepancy could be also related to a supradiffusive regime as shown in [@Sch06]. We finally estimate the Soret coefficient as $S_T\simeq 0.02\,K^{-1}$ from the amplitude of the fitting expression (\[radial\]), by considering ($\frac{\partial \alpha}{\partial c})_{\bar c}\simeq\alpha_0/\bar c$, and by using water thermal conductivity $k=0.58\,W/m\,K$. Notably enough the Soret coefficient, defined as $S_T=-(1/\bar c)\,{\mbox d}[\Delta c(t_w)]/{\mbox d}T$, is constant during the aging process and $S_T>0$ thus indicating that the platelets migrate from hot to cold regions being ${\mbox d}(\Delta c(t_w))/{\mbox d}T<0$. In conclusion we measured the time-dependent nonlinear optical susceptibility of a soft-material evolving toward structural arrest. We characterized the dynamics of the nonlinear absorption in terms of material parameters as the characteristic diffusion time $\tau_D$ and the Soret coefficient. We have evidence of decoupling of two different diffusion times probed on two distinct length scales signaling the existence of long ranged interactions between the colloidal particles and suggesting the violation of the FDR [@Bel01]. The nonlinear optical response can be hence used to investigate dynamical properties of colloidal gels characterized by long range interactions, especially the presented method can cover length ranges much larger than particles size, not detectable by scattering measurements; moreover it can be really useful in analyzing the dynamics of weakly turbid samples, not easily investigated by standard light scattering techniques. We thank Giovanni Bolle for helping us in the experimental set-up realization and Francesco Sciortino for useful discussions. C.C. acknowledges the ERC Grant No.201766. 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import { Directive, ElementRef, ViewContainerRef, Input, TemplateRef, HostListener } from "@angular/core"; import { DialogDirective } from "../dialog.directive"; import { DialogService } from "../dialog.service"; import { OverflowMenuPane } from "./overflow-menu-pane.component"; import { EventService } from "carbon-components-angular/utils"; /** * Directive for extending `Dialog` to create overflow menus. * * class: OverflowMenuDirective (extends DialogDirective) * * * selector: `ibmOverflowMenu` * * * ```html * <div [ibmOverflowMenu]="templateRef"></div> * <ng-template #templateRef> * <!-- overflow menu options here --> * </ng-template> * ``` */ @Directive({ selector: "[ibmOverflowMenu]", exportAs: "ibmOverflowMenu", providers: [ DialogService ] }) export class OverflowMenuDirective extends DialogDirective { /** * Takes a template ref of `OverflowMenuOptions`s */ @Input() ibmOverflowMenu: TemplateRef<any>; /** * Controls wether the overflow menu is flipped */ @Input() flip = false; /** * This specifies any vertical and horizontal offset for the position of the dialog */ @Input() offset: { x: number, y: number }; /** * Classes to add to the dialog container */ @Input() wrapperClass = ""; /** * Creates an instance of `OverflowMenuDirective`. */ constructor( protected elementRef: ElementRef, protected viewContainerRef: ViewContainerRef, protected dialogService: DialogService, protected eventService: EventService ) { super(elementRef, viewContainerRef, dialogService, eventService); dialogService.setContext({ component: OverflowMenuPane }); } updateConfig() { this.dialogConfig.content = this.ibmOverflowMenu; this.dialogConfig.flip = this.flip; this.dialogConfig.offset = this.offset; this.dialogConfig.wrapperClass = this.wrapperClass; } @HostListener("keydown", ["$event"]) hostkeys(event: KeyboardEvent) { switch (event.key) { case "Enter": case " ": event.preventDefault(); break; } } }

Is Addrena Focus Pep Review Right For You? Addrena Focus Pep is a dietary supplement that is claimed to enhance energy and mental acuity, in a natural, least intrusive way. The formula is claimed to be a nootropic that features legal, safe brain stimulants hence users may enjoy a number of different benefits including: more productive study sessions, improved workouts, better memory, concentration and alertness levels, and even weight loss, The supplement is a mixture of herbal derivates such as Bacopa Monnieri, Guarana, Yohimbe, and bitter orange which with relatively popular over the counter nootropic ingredients such as ALCAR, L-Tyrosine, Choline, Vinpocetine, or Huperzine A. Addrena LLCis the company behind the supplement which is especially known on the market for the product bearing the same name – Addrena. This is an OTC (over the counter) substitute for the even more popular Adderall, which is a prescription drug. Addrena promotes focus, energy and superior concentration capacity without any feelings of tiredness or weakness. There is little info available on company headquarters, history, background and general profile, which is always a red flag, particularly since the manufacturer’s reputation may be a strong endorser for a product.

Pages February 15, 2017 North Korean Mini Me's Pukguksong-2 missile was launched at an angle of 89 degrees; range could be 2,000km South Korea’s intelligence service told lawmakers this morning that the North’s Pukguksong-2 solid fuel ballistic missile was fired at an angle of 89 degrees. If it had been traveling on a normal trajectory of 45 degrees, the canister launched missile could have a range of 2,000km.

As more companies seek ways to assess holistic impact across the value chain, the concept of circular economy is quickly becoming the next big thing in sustainability. Now more than ever, companies are starting to take notice and are striving to close the loop, including UPS*, which is helping to bridge the gap by optimizing smarter, more sustainable logistics. Last week, UPS and GreenBiz launched a 2016 study titled The Growth of the Circular Economy, which captures insights from sustainability executives about perceptions of the circular economy, including key business drivers, barriers and opportunities. Here are five major takeaways from the study: • CIRCULAR IS HERE TO STAY: The circular economy is projected to continue to gain traction in the coming years. The majority of companies (86%) believe circular economy principles will be important to their organization in two years, a vast difference from only 47 percent two years ago. • UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION IS GROWING: Ninety percent of companies feel they have a clear definition of "circular economy" and more than half (58%) state their organization is implementing circular economy principles. Yet despite this prevalence, few companies are currently standing out as leaders. Among the few that do stand out are Interface, which has been vocal regarding its sustainability focus, and Patagonia, which has made headlines with its notable "Don't Buy This Jacket" campaign and CSR-minded policies. • LACK OF BUSINESS CASE IS THE BIGGEST BARRIER & OPPORTUNITY: The majority of respondents (38%) cited an insufficient business case as both the biggest barrier and opportunity for implementing a circular economy. Companies can help build a tangible business case by generating market demand and understanding drivers to adoption. • EASE AND INCENTIVES HELP GROW DEMAND: Companies looking to generate market demand should prioritize ease and financial incentives, as the study found cash back rebates (56%), convenience of returns (47%) and paid shipping (42%) as the top three motivators to adoption. • LOGISTICS IS A KEY DRIVER: Unsurprisingly, logistics is viewed as critical to transitioning to the circular economy: nearly unanimously, 97 percent of business leaders agree that logistics is important to driving the circular economy. However, in order to successfully make this transition, logistics will have to come full-circle, not only focusing on the "last mile," but on optimizing the "first mile" as well. As more companies look to shift beyond the traditional "make-use-dispose" model, the circular economy has the potential to provide a viable and valuable solution for businesses across the globe. As the study shows, the key factor in making the circular economy successful will be generating enough market demand to make a clear business case. If the case can be made, the circular economy has the ability to not only pose a smarter solution for our planet, but also a roadmap for better business.

Electronic gaming devices utilizing electronics and software to control game operation are a popular alternative to traditional table based gaming. As is known in the art, electronic gaming devices generally include a processor, a software storage device, a video display and software configured to interact with the processor, software storage device and display to present a game for play by a player. Traditionally, the software storage device comprised a read only memory (ROM) device, such as an EPROM, to satisfy strict gaming regulations promulgated by gaming control authorities to insure fraud free game play and prevent unwanted alteration of the gaming software. Such alteration could affect gaming odds and provide either the electronic gaming device owner or the player with an unfair advantage. To insure that the game play is fair, the software that controls game play is inspected and authorized by the gaming control authorities prior to installation of the software on the machine. At any time thereafter, the gaming software can be analyzed by the casino or the gaming control authorities to verify that the gaming software has not been altered. Thus, the gaming regulations require that means exist to verify that the software controlling the gaming device is the same software approved by the regulatory body. In the past, the traditional method to configure gaming machines to comply with gaming regulations was to submit the software to gaming regulators for approval. After the software was approved, a mathematical operation was conducted on the software code. This mathematical operation generates a value that is generally unique to the particular software code. This value was recorded by the manufacture or the gaming regulators for later use. In one embodiment this value is generated by a hash operation and is referred to as a hash value. After the software is approved the hash value is stored for future reference. The approved software may be stored by a regulator entity and also stored on a ROM. A copy of the approved ROM is eventually installed in a gaming machine. The ROM is a desirable apparatus for storage due to its general read only operation. Thereafter, if it is required to determine if the software had been altered, the ROM was removed from gaming machine for analysis by an authentication device operated under the control of the appropriate authority. This authentication device subjects the code on the ROM to the same mathematical operation as performed by the gaming regulators to generate the hash or other identifying value. This new hash value is manually compared (visually) to the previously recorded hash value. If the values match, the software code has not been altered and hence can be trusted. This operation is commonly referred to as “authentication.” While the ROM authentication process satisfied gaming regulators, it hampered advancement of game development and subjected regulators, casino operators, and gaming machine manufactures to increased costs and limitations. For example, one drawback is the limited storage capabilities of a traditional ROM, i.e. EPROMs. This prevents the game developers from integrating more features into the game and gaming device due to limitations in software storage space. Another drawback arose as a result of the use of a specialized devices for authentication. Commonly EPROMs are authenticated with an EPROM reader, such as one available from Kobetron. This authentication method required a skilled technician to remove the ROM from the socket on the electronics board and place it in a specialized reader. Not only are skilled technicians costly to employ, the pins of the ROM were often damaged during the process of removal, testing, and re-insertion. Moreover, this process resulted in the gaming device being out of service for a undesirably long period of time. Hence, casino revenues were lost. In many jurisdictions government representatives must be present when a processor board is accessed. A similar drawback arose when the game was updated or a new game installed at the machine. To update a game on a gaming machine using the ROM for game storage, the entire ROM would have to be removed and a new ROM inserted or installed. For the above reasons, this is undesirable. One proposed alternative has been to install a larger storage device than a ROM, such as a hard drive, in the gaming machine to provide additional storage for software or data. This proposed alternative is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,086 entitled, “Electronic Casino Gaming Apparatus with Improved Play Capacity, Authentication and Security” owned by Silicon Gaming. In this arrangement if the game requires updating or replacement, it may even be necessary to replace the entire hard drive. This is an expensive and labor intensive undertaking. Further, with this type of installation, it may not be possible to diagnose the gaming machine, or service the gaming machine. There exists therefore, a need for an improved method and apparatus for storage, authentication, and modification of gaming software in a manner capable of complying with gaming regulations.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT KNOXVILLE June 18, 2013 Session FRANK RAY BAGGETT v. ANNE MARIE BAGGETT Appeal from the Chancery Court for Hamilton County Nos. 12-0260 & 12-0356 W. Frank Brown, III, Chancellor No. E2012-02013-COA-R3-CV-FILED-AUGUST 26, 2013 This is the divorce case of Frank Ray Baggett (“Husband”) and Anne Marie Baggett (“Wife”). After eight years of marriage, Wife sued Husband for divorce. The following year, Husband sued Wife for wrongfully excluding him from A&F Computers, a computer sales and repair business. Husband sought his alleged share of the profits from the business, damages, and dissolution of the claimed partnership. By agreement, the two cases were consolidated for trial. The parties stipulated that grounds for divorce exist and the trial court decreed a divorce. Following the hearing, the court classified, valued, and divided the parties’ property. The court determined that A&F was a sole proprietorship and awarded it to Wife. On appeal, Husband challenges the determination and disposition of A&F and the overall property division. He argues that the court’s division is not equitable. We affirm. Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed; Case Remanded C HARLES D. S USANO, J R., P.J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which J OHN W. M CC LARTY and T HOMAS R. F RIERSON, II, JJ., joined. Grace E. Daniell, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Frank Ray Baggett. Linda B. Hall, Soddy Daisy, Tennessee, and William A. Harris, III, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellee, Anne Marie Baggett.  OPINION I. This appeal focuses on the trial court’s division of the parties’ property. In reaching its decision, the trial court was necessarily required to determine the classification and value of A&F and other assets including the parties’ real property. Trial was held over two days in July and August of 2012. We summarize the relevant proof. Husband and Wife met in 2000. They were then married to others. Husband, who was then recently retired from TVA , owned Intech, a computer sales and repair business. Wife, a high school graduate, owned a retail store. She met Husband when she purchased a computer from Intech for her store. Two years later, the parties met again. By then, Wife’s marriage, her second, had ended, and she had closed her store. Husband was going through a divorce from his first wife, Connie. The parties began seeing each other and Wife spent much time with Husband at Intech learning about computers. In April 2002, Husband’s divorce was finalized; in the settlement, his wife Connie was awarded Intech, but she did not continue the business. Husband and Wife decided to start a new computer sales and repair business. They opened A&F, utilizing the first initial in each of their first names for the company’s name. The new business was in the location of the former home of Intech. As Wife explained, Husband “took the [Intech] name down and gave [Connie] the name, and A&F opened up.” At trial, the parties agreed that it was Husband’s idea to start A&F and to obtain the business license in Wife’s name alone – Husband wanted to ensure that it was shielded from his ex-wife. He also sought to avoid any potential effect on his social security benefits. A year later, in April 2003, Husband, then 61, and Wife, then 43, were married. Throughout the marriage, both parties worked full-time as computer technicians at A&F. In addition to those duties, Wife was the one who was primarily responsible for A&F’s finances. The A&F income was reported under Wife’s social security number. Most of A&F’s business came from computer repairs that on average were billed at $100 or less. In addition, the parties took trade-ins and purchased used computers from various sources, such as government auctions, to acquire parts for refurbishing computers. Husband focused on hardware issues and built refurbished computers, while Wife focused on software, formatting and reprogramming. Wife testified that “[w]e both did pretty much everything.” Throughout the marriage, the parties shared the income they earned from A&F as well as approximately $2,200 a month that Husband received from his TVA retirement and social security. In November 2004, Husband and Wife purchased property in Soddy Daisy for their marital home. Husband renovated a detached garage on the property as the new location for -2- A&F. At the time of the marriage, Husband owned a motor home. During the marriage, it caught on fire and was destroyed. In 2006, the parties purchased a replacement motor home, a Coachman, for $46,000. They applied the insurance proceeds from the fire toward the Coachman purchase. This left a balance due on the purchase of some $20,000, which was eventually incorporated into a home equity line of credit. In addition to the burned-out motor home, Husband brought a truck, and $42,000 in a 401(k) into the marriage. He testified that shortly after the marriage, he loaned $15,000 to Wife’s sister, paid for a lengthy vacation for the parties, and invested the rest in A&F. Wife acknowledged that she owned no separate assets of any value at the time of the marriage. The proof shows that the parties shared both the income from A&F as well as Husband’s retirement income. During the marriage, Husband’s income was set up for automatic drafts for the mortgage and utilities. The expenses for operating A&F – the “shop” and its associated utilities – were paid for as a part of home mortgage and utility bills for the marital home. Income from A&F was either deposited into a jointly owned business account or kept in cash in the parties’ safe. The parties used the money to pay for purchases for themselves and the business. Husband took no direct salary from A&F, but acknowledged that he and Wife paid for food, clothing, and several lengthy vacations from income derived from A&F. The parties’ testimony regarding the receipts and profits of A&F varied widely. Wife testified to monthly receipts of $1,700 – $3,200, for an average income of approximately $2,200 a month. Husband testified to gross receipts, which he “conservatively” estimated at $200,000 a year. Husband estimated average daily gross receipts of $700, six days a week. Husband testified that “98%” of A&F’s business was cash payments for computer repairs. He said that Wife placed the cash in the couple’s safe, while the checks were deposited into their business account. Husband explained that he arrived at his estimated gross receipts of $200,000 based on his awareness of the payments, mainly in cash, that A&F took in. For her part, Wife disputed that A&F was almost exclusively a “cash-only” business, but agreed that she and Husband had always placed some of the cash they received directly into a safe to buy anything they wanted or needed. Husband said that at their separation, there was $9,000 in the safe. Wife testified there was $6,000, and that she gave half of it to Husband. On questioning by the court, Husband conceded that the parties had never filed a joint tax return reflecting $200,000 in gross receipts from A&F; he took the position that they had understated their income. Bank statements reflect that in the months before the parties’ separation, the A&F account carried a balance of approximately $1,800 a month. Up until the time of trial, the new A&F account Wife opened showed monthly balances ranging from several hundred dollars to, at most, $29,000. -3-  In February 2011, the marriage “hit the rocks.” By Wife’s account, the parties argued one day and Husband, for at least the “fifteenth time,” said he wanted a divorce. Wife suggested he go to the beach and decide if that was what he really wanted. Husband could not recall any dispute that precipitated their separation. He denied that he had ever before asked for a divorce. He denied any marital problems except to say that he and Wife were not as physically close anymore. Husband testified to agreeing that they should take a break from each other and further agreed that he went to Florida for about a week in the motor home. It was undisputed that, when he returned, Wife refused to allow him to live in the marital home due to his continued shouting at her, making false accusations, and being irrational. On his return, Husband rented a space for the motor home and lived in it. Husband insisted that he repeatedly offered to return to work at A&F, but Wife threatened to “take out a warrant” and call the police if he did. Husband said he never returned home or to work because he didn’t want to risk going to jail. Wife testified that after Husband left, she deposited every payment of any type from A&F directly into the new A&F business account. From there, she transferred money to her personal account, or vice versa, as necessary to pay the bills and continue the business. Wife’s 2011 individual tax return reflected that she was self-employed and earned a gross income of $27,107. On his 2011 tax return, Husband stated his occupation as “retired” and listed his “income” as that received from retirement and social security. The testimony indicated that the parties had filed joint tax returns during the marriage, but these returns were not put into evidence. Wife testified that she felt insecure about Husband’s behavior toward her when they first separated, but never tried to bar him from A&F. She said she did bar him from their home. For the first few months after they separated, according to Wife, Husband came to the business about once a week, but made no effort to do any work. In March 2011, Husband sent two emails to Wife regarding their bank accounts and other matters. On March 16, Husband wrote: “Annie, just to let you know I diverted my SSI and retirement checks to a new account . . . I will not touch either account anymore. You can remove me from both accounts. Also I will take no action in any other way about the house or business. The next action will be yours. Best of luck.” On March 17, Husband wrote concerning their bank account: “Annie, you’re welcome for the balances. As you are the primary owner you can add or remove anyone on the account. It doesn’t matter to me either way.” In May 2011, Wife filed for divorce. The same month, she obtained a protective order against Husband that alleged he had threatened to break into the house and harm her. At her request, the restraining order was dismissed a few weeks later. Husband continued coming around the business, but had no involvement in its operation. In September 2011, Husband -4- voluntarily agreed to a second protective order that prohibited his presence on the property and ordered the parties to have no contact with each other. In August 2011, Husband obtained a license for another computer business. With some financial assistance from his ex-wife, Husband opened another “Intech” the following month. The business was short-lived. Husband testified it was in an isolated location and had few customers. He closed Intech in December 2011, and reported an associated loss on his tax return of nearly $9,000. Around that time, the parties’ divorce case had been set for a February 2012 trial. To that point, neither Husband nor Wife had referenced A&F in their pleadings in the divorce case. Thereafter, Wife filed a motion in limine regarding A&F, and Husband responded with a motion for exclusive possession of the marital home and pets. In another motion, he requested that the home be sold. In turn, Wife asked for an injunction to prevent Husband from competing with A&F. The court denied all of the requested relief. On April 5, 2012, Husband filed the “partnership” action against Wife. He claimed that he and Wife were partners in A&F and that Wife had excluded him from the business for more than a year. Husband sought fifty percent of the profits earned during that time, an accounting and equitable division of the income and assets. He sought judicial dissolution of A&F. Wife answered as follows: “Wife admits that she and Husband formed a partnership which operated under the name of [A&F]. Wife admits that she and Husband jointly operated A&F until her separation from Husband in February of 2011” and that A&F was “operated at . . . jointly owned property, prior to its dissolution.” Wife further admitted that “she operated a computer sales and repair business under the name [A&F] after the separation of the parties and after the dissolution of the partnership with Husband.” Wife concluded that “[t]o the extent any semblance of partnership remains, Wife admits that dissolution is necessary and proper.” Shortly before trial, an inventory of A&F was completed. Husband agreed to purchase A&F’s inventory and equipment for $1,500. His offer, however, was conditioned on A&F and the marital home being awarded to him. At trial, Husband testified that he always considered himself to be a co-owner of A&F. Wife’s position was not entirely clear. She testified: “Actually the way it was, I didn’t think we were partners at all. I mean we worked together, but the business wasn’t listed as a partnership. I only know that it became a partnership after, so I don’t quite know how to answer your question.” At the time of trial, Husband was nearly 70 and Wife was 52. In the eighteen months since the separation, Wife had continued to operate A&F and pay all of the household/business expenses with the income from A&F. Wife remained in the marital home. Husband continued to live in the motor home, which he had since moved onto rent- free property owned by his ex-wife. Both parties requested that they be awarded the marital home and possession of their two dogs. -5-  Following a bench trial of the consolidated cases, the trial court determined that A&F was not a partnership, but a sole proprietorship, and awarded it to Wife. Further, the court divided the marital estate. Husband filed a timely notice of appeal. II. Husband raises the following issues for our review: 1. Whether the trial court erred in finding that the business operated by the parties known as A&F Computers is not a partnership under the Revised Uniform Partnership Act. 2. Whether the trial court erred in failing to award Husband his interest in the partnership and damages for Wife’s violation of the Revised Uniform Partnership Act. 3. Whether the trial court erred in failing to order the dissolution and winding up of the partnership. 4. Whether the trial court erred in the classification of A&F Computers as the separate property of Wife. 5. Whether the trial court erred in the valuation and division of the marital assets and liabilities of the parties.1 III. Our review of the trial court’s findings of fact is de novo upon the record of the proceedings below, accompanied by a presumption of correctness, a presumption we must honor unless the preponderance of the evidence is against those findings. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Wright v. City of Knoxville, 898 S.W.2d 177, 181 (Tenn. 1995); Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993). There is no presumption of correctness as to the trial court’s conclusions of law. Kendrick v. Shoemake, 90 S.W.3d 566, 569 (Tenn. 2002); Campbell v. Florida Steel Corp., 919 S.W.2d 26, 35 (Tenn. 1996). We give great 1 In the final paragraph of the “conclusion” section of her responsive brief, Wife asserts that Husband’s appeal is “frivolous.” Accordingly, she seeks an award of her attorney’s fees and costs on appeal. Because Wife failed to raise this “issue” in the “issues presented” section of her brief, together with appropriate argument and citations to authority, we decline to consider her request. As an aside, we would note that we do not find Husband’s appeal to be frivolous. -6- weight to a trial court’s credibility determinations. Estate of Walton v. Young, 950 S.W.2d 956, 959 (Tenn. 1997). A trial court has broad discretion in fashioning a division of marital property. Fisher v. Fisher, 648 S.W.2d 244, 246 (Tenn. 1983); Barnhill v. Barnhill, 826 S.W.2d 443, 449-50 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991). To this end, this Court has observed: Tenn. Code Ann. §36-4-121(c)[(2010)]outlines the relevant factors that a court must consider when equitably dividing the marital property without regard to fault on the part of either party. An equitable division of marital property is not necessarily an equal division, and §36-4-121(a)(1) only requires an equitable division. * * * This court will not disturb the trial court’s division of the marital estate “unless the distribution lacks proper evidentiary support or results from an error of law or a misapplication of statutory requirements or procedures.” Cradic v. Cradic, E2012-00227-COA-R3-CV, 2013 WL 672576 at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S., filed Feb. 22, 2013)(citing McHugh v. McHugh, E2009-01391-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 1526140 at *3-4 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S., filed Apr. 16, 2010)(citations omitted)). See also Manis v. Manis, 49 S.W.3d 295, 306 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) (appellate courts “ordinarily defer to the trial judge’s decision unless it is inconsistent with the factors in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121(c) or is not supported by a preponderance of the evidence”). IV. A. The thrust of Husband’s argument is essentially two-fold: (1) the trial court erred in concluding that A&F is a sole proprietorship and (2) the overall property division is inequitable. We address these issues in turn. B. Taken together, Husband’s first several issues stem from his core position that A&F is a partnership and should have been treated as such under the Revised Uniform Partnership -7- Act, Tenn. Code Ann. § 61-1-101, et seq. (2002 & Supp. 2012). In particular, Husband asserts that the proof demonstrates that A&F is an implied partnership between the parties. We quote pertinent portions of the trial court’s findings regarding A&F: [Husband] and the soon-to-be [Wife] began a new computer business, know as [A&F], while [Husband] was in divorce proceedings with his first wife. . . . This new business was put in the soon-to-be [Wife’s] name because [Husband] did not want the new company to be involved in his divorce case. Also, he did not want to report any income on his federal income tax return which might result in income tax consequences as a result of his receipt of Social Security Old Age benefits. [Husband and Wife] only filed one joint federal income tax return. * * * The parties . . . bought [the marital home] after their marriage. [Husband] did much of the work in converting a detached garage into the business location for A&F. It appears from the trial testimony that the . . . business licenses were listed in [Wife’s] name. She testified that all income of A&F was reported under her Social Security number. The parties agreed that [Husband] could purchase the inventory and equipment of A&F for $1,500.00. [Husband] contends that the business produced income of $200,000.00 per year and had large accounts receivable. [Husband] valued the accounts receivable of A&F to be $200,000.00. At trial, he agreed that A&F probably had no accounts receivable as customers had to pay for goods bought or services rendered at the time of purchase or receipt of their repaired merchandise. However, [Husband] continued to assert that A&F had generated $200,000.00 in gross receipts for the last several years before the parties’ separation. The trial court determined the ownership and value of A&F as follows: A&F Computers is the separate property of [Wife]. The court concludes that [Husband and Wife] are not partners in A&F. -8-  The only two tax returns submitted . . . were [Wife’s] 2011 federal income tax return and [Husband’s]. The returns show the computer business as her business. Trial Exhibit 17 is a loan application to Dupont Community Credit Union for the purchase of the 2007 Hyundai automobile. [Husband] is listed as retired and [Wife] is listed as the “owner of A&F Computer (self- employed).” Both parties signed . . . Exhibit 17. It is not treated as a partnership but as a proprietorship. [Husband] lists $8,795.00 in business income losses, which was due to his new[] Intech computer business, in late 2011. He listed the business[] as a sole proprietorship on his new Regions Bank Account. * * * The court is going to assign A&F to [Wife] as her separate property. There are various components to the business. There is the value of the equipment and inventory. The parties have agreed that this value is $1,500.00. [Husband] is of the opinion that the business also has considerable accounts receivable. [Wife] says there are no such accounts receivable. At trial[,] [Husband] agreed that A&F had no accounts receivable. He still maintained that A&F generated $200,000.00 per year in gross revenue. The court agrees there are no accounts receivable. The court is also going to assign A&F’s old business account at the DCCU to [Wife]. The value of that account is $61.05. Good will is not valued in a sole proprietorship. Evidently, both [parties] have a certain amount of “good will.” In support of its findings, the court expressly found that Husband’s testimony with respect to A&F was not credible. A partnership is “an association of two (2) or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business or other undertaking for profit. . . .” Tenn. Code Ann. § 61-1-101(7)(Supp. 2012). The receipt of a share of the profits of that business is prima facie evidence that a partnership exists. Tenn. Code Ann. § 61-1-106(4)(2002). The Supreme Court has explained: In determining whether one is a partner, no one fact or circumstance may be pointed to as a conclusive test, but each case must be decided upon consideration of all relevant facts, -9-  actions, and conduct of the parties. If the parties’ business brings them within the scope of a joint business undertaking for mutual profit–that is to say if they place their money, assets, labor, or skill in commerce with the understanding that profits will be shared between them-the result is a partnership whether or not the parties understood that it would be so. Bass v. Bass, 814 S.W.2d 38, 41 (Tenn. 1991)(internal citations omitted). This court has further observed that “determining what constitutes a partnership is generally a matter of law, but whether a partnership exists under conflicting evidence is a question of fact.” In re Estate of Price, 273 S.W.3d 113, 138 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2008). Absent a written partnership agreement, the burden is on the one asserting its existence to establish an implied partnership by clear and convincing evidence. Id. (citing Tidwell v. Walden, 205 Tenn. 705, 330 S.W.2d 317, 319 (1959); Kuderewski v. Estate of Hobbs, No. E2000-02515-COA-R3-CV, 2001 WL 862618 at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. E.S., filed July 30, 2001)). In the present case, the trial court expressly found that A&F was not a partnership. We respectfully disagree; however, our conclusion does not change the ultimate holdings of the trial court. We think this Court’s decision in Lyles v. Lyles, C.A. No. 03A01-9412-GS-00434, 1995 WL 324033 at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App., E.S. filed May 31, 1995), is most instructive. Therein, the husband and wife were partners in a veterinary clinic pursuant to a written partnership agreement. In their divorce, the trial court classified and distributed the partnership as a part of it division of the marital estate. On appeal, the wife challenged the trial court’s authority to “dissolve a partnership.” In affirming the judgment, we observed: We are of the opinion, however, that the provisions of the Uniform Partnership Act have no application whatever to the case at hand. The pertinent statutory power of the court is to be found in T.C.A. § 36-4-121. This section of the code gives the court in which the action for divorce is pending, wide discretion in the division of marital property. “Marital property” means all real and personal property, both tangible and intangible, acquired by either or both spouses during the course of the marriage up to the date of the final divorce hearing and owned by either or both spouses as of the date of filing of a complaint for divorce, except in the case of fraudulent conveyance in anticipation of filing, and including any property to which a right was acquired up to the date of the final divorce hearing, and valued as of a date as near as reasonably possible to the final -10-  divorce hearing date. T.C.A. § 36-4-121(b)(1)(A). There can be no genuine question but that partnership interests fall within the definition of “marital property.” The court possesses the power to effectuate its decree by divesting and reinvesting title to property, order the sale of property and order the sale of proceeds divided between the parties. There is no limitation on the type of property in question. We take the authority granted to the courts by this section (T.C.A. § 36-4-121(b)(1)(A)) to be all inclusive. Therefore, partnership interests, at least where the situs is within the State of Tennessee, may be marital property and treated as any other marital asset. In the division of marital property, if a partnership is owned exclusively by the husband and wife, as is the case here, and is a part of the marital estate and is awarded wholly to one of the parties, its value is determined in accordance with T.C.A. § 36-4-121(b)(1)(A), and an accounting as contemplated by the Uniform Partnership Act would be a futile function. The law does not require futile acts. We recognize that the present case is somewhat factually distinguishable in that Husband must first overcome the burden of proving the existence of a partnership in A&F. We think he has done this. The proof showed that while they were still dating, Husband taught Wife about computers and the computer business. Husband then suggested they open a new computer business together. They started A&F in the same location as Husband’s former Intech business. They married and continued to work side-by-side at A&F, full-time, six days a week. According to Wife, both did “everything” at A&F. Although the business was listed in Wife’s name on its license and other documents, such as a car loan application and tax returns, it is undisputed that both parties devoted their time, experience, and effort into its operation and shared in the profits. Husband took no salary for his efforts, but relied upon the money earned, as did Wife, to pay for food, clothing, and other purchases. He and Wife shared several vacations paid for by A&F monies. Although Wife held the view at trial that there was no partnership, she expressly admitted to its existence in her answer to Husband’s lawsuit. She took the position that A&F was a partnership that was essentially dissolved when Husband never returned to work after the parties separated. At their separation, Wife took half of the cash in the parties’ safe, money earned from A&F, and gave half of it to Husband. Again, “the existence of a partnership may be implied from the circumstances where it appears that the individuals involved have entered into a business -11- relationship for profit, combining their property, labor, skill, experience, or money.” Bass, 814 S.W.2d at 41. In our view, the trial court’s conclusion that A&F was not a partnership is incorrect. After the parties separated, Wife operated A&F on her own and kept all of the earnings. Husband’s emails acknowledged and agreed to Wife’s actions. We thus conclude that Husband and Wife had a partnership in A&F. As in Lyles, we further conclude, however, that domestic relations law, and not partnership law, is controlling in the context of the parties’ divorce. To this end, it is our view that the trial court properly included A&F among the parties’ assets, to be valued and distributed. As in Lyles, application of partnership law and its provisions to this case would be redundant and “futile.” We conclude that the Revised Uniform Partnership Act has no application to the case at bar. C. Husband asserts that the trial court further erred in awarding A&F to Wife as her “separate property.” He submits that whether it is determined to be a partnership or a sole proprietorship, A&F is properly classified as marital property. Husband concludes that a consideration of the relevant factors weighs heavily in favor of Husband “receiving at least 50% of the marital assets” as set forth by him in his Asset and Liability Statement. Tennessee’s divorce statutes draw a distinction between “marital” and “separate” property. Batson v. Batson, 769 S.W.2d 849, 856 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1988); Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121 (2007). Consequently, “as a first order of business, it is incumbent on the trial court to classify the property, to give each party their separate property, and then to divide the marital property equitably.” Id. In the case at bar, there is some question as to the trial court’s treatment of A&F in the context of the property division. In its findings, the court expressly determined that “[A&F] is the separate property of [Wife]” and “assigned” it to her. Within its schedule of the property allocated to each party, however, the trial court included an entry for Wife – “Plus value of marital property (A&F)” – and added A&F’s value to the other marital property awarded to Wife. Later in this opinion, we will further consider the trial court’s treatment of A&F. In all divorce cases, after classifying the parties’ property, the trial court is directed to “equitably divide, distribute or assign the marital property between the parties without regard to marital fault in proportions as the court deems just.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4- 121(a)(1). In making an equitable division of marital property, the trial court is guided by relevant factors to include: (1) The duration of the marriage; -12- (2) The age, physical and mental health, vocational skills, employability, earning capacity, estate, financial liabilities and financial needs of each of the parties; (3) The tangible or intangible contribution by one (1) party to the education, training or increased earning power of the other party; (4) The relative ability of each party for future acquisitions of capital assets and income; (5) (A) The contribution of each party to the acquisition, preservation, appreciation, depreciation or dissipation of the marital or separate property, including the contribution of a party to the marriage as homemaker, wage earner or parent, with the contribution of a party as homemaker or wage earner to be given the same weight if each party has fulfilled its role; (B) For purposes of this subdivision (c)(5), dissipation of assets means wasteful expenditures which reduce the marital property available for equitable distributions and which are made for a purpose contrary to the marriage either before or after a complaint for divorce or legal separation has been filed. (6) The value of the separate property of each party; (7) The estate of each party at the time of the marriage; (8) The economic circumstances of each party at the time the division of property is to become effective; (9) The tax consequences to each party, costs associated with the reasonably foreseeable sale of the asset, and other reasonably foreseeable expenses associated with the asset; (10) The amount of social security benefits available to each spouse; and (11) Such other factors as are necessary to consider the equities between the parties. -13- Tenn. Code Ann. §36-1-121(c). In the case at bar, the court set forth its property division as follows: WIFE Net Value Marital home $43,117.61 2007 Hyundai Accent 7,379.00 #512111 DCCU2 506.19 #488288 DCCU 144.46 #448287 DCCU 61.05 #511845 DCCU 850.79 Post-separation purchases 1,721.00 Cameras, lens 500.00 Computer & laptop 600.00 Household goods & furnishings 2,000.00 Marital Subtotal $56,880.10 Debt Assigned to Wife (Visa) 1,448.24 Net Marital $55,431.86 Plus Value of marital property (A&F) 1,500.00 Total $56,931.86 HUSBAND 2003 Coachman Motor home $29,000.00 1991 Astrovan 700.00 DCCU #2146 2,000.00 Items taken by Husband 200.00 Intech balance taken by Husband 2,108.22 Total $34,008.22 In summary, as we see it, the trial court valued the marital estate at $90,940.08 ($56,931.86 + $34,008.22). Husband was awarded $34,008.22, or 37% of the estate, while Wife received $56,931.86, or 63%. In making its property division, the trial court stated, in part: 2 The “DCCU” allocations represent the parties’ various old and new, business and personal accounts at Dupont Community Credit Union. -14-  At first blush, this appears to be an uneven allocation. Yet, the [motor home] obtained by [Husband] has been paid in full by payment of monies added on the home loan [Wife] will pay. This amount was around $10,000.00 or more. There is also the dissipation of marital assets by [Husband] of $8,795.00 on Intech in late 2011. He did not have collision on the Vespa scooter is his possession.3 He testified the Vespa scooter [was] damaged by someone backing a car over it. Evidently, [Husband] did not make a claim to recover the value of the scooter. In . . . Exhibit 35, he valued the . . . scooter at $2,000.00. The value in . . . Exhibit 9 was zero. * * * The court has made the allocation for a number of reasons. First, [Wife] needs the home more than [Husband] needs the home. She needs a residence and a place to restart her new business. [Husband] has used the [motor home] as his home for 18 months. It may have gotten “old” by now but in March 2011 everything was fine. [Husband] had another business in another location before these parties married. He also had another business, in his name, during part of the parties’ separation. Thus, he has operated two [computer] businesses at two different locations and the location of the home place is not as important to him as it is to her. This is the location of the only computer business she has owned or operated. She has been the sole worker, as between these parties, in the business since late February of 2011. She has made all of the house payments since March of 2011. She has a longer life expectancy than does [Husband] and the home is more valuable to her than him for the future. * * * [Husband] alleged that there was approximately $9,000.00 in a safe at the parties’ home when they separated. [Wife] said there was $6,000.00 in cash and she gave him $3,000.00 when he left 3 Husband testified he purchased the scooter during the marriage. -15-  to go to Florida . . . and she kept $3,000.00. The court accepts [Wife’s] version. [Husband], when he retired from TVA . . ., irrevocably elected a retirement plan whereby, at his death, Connie Baggett would be paid a portion of his retirement if he predeceased her. Shortly after his marriage to [Wife], he also made her a similar beneficiary under his retirement plan. He valued this “asset” at $300.00 per month because that amount represents the reduction of his monthly retirement to cover such an election. This is somewhat speculative as no one knows if [Wife] will survive [Husband] or not. * * * [Husband] has two sources of annual income: (1) Social Security . . . of $17,034.00, gross and $15,876.00 net after Medicare premiums and (2) TVA retirement of $11,064.26. He can start another computer business. [Wife’s] monthly income was listed at $2,200.00 with total expenses of $1,996.00, leaving a net balance of $204.00. [Husband] is receiving Social Security benefits now and [Wife] is over nine years away. . . . Finally, the court was more impressed with the credible testimony and evidence of [Wife]. [Husband] refused to answer questions at trial about what he did with personal loans he obtained. At times, he could not remember specific events. He was very detailed about claims on items [Wife] had but short on information about his own assets. He also stated high values on items he attributed to [Wife]. [Husband] did not produce records to verify his value or his positions. The court did not find his testimony about A&F to be credible. As this Court has often explained, The division of the estate is not rendered inequitable simply because it is not mathematically equal, or because each party did not receive a share of every item of marital property. In the final analysis, the justness of a particular division of the marital -16-  property and allocation of marital debt depends on its final results. Cradic, 2013 WL 672576 at *3. In the present case, the trial court explained the reasons it achieved less than a “50/50” division of the marital property. We agree with the trial court that the division is equitable. Husband assesses the overall property division as an award of “$367,842.60 + dogs + $1,000 death benefit” to Wife, and $25,620 to Husband. On our considered review of the entire record, we conclude that the evidence offers no support for Husband’s assessment. As the trial court found, Husband assigns many values in his proposed property division that are uncorroborated and appear to be inflated or clearly speculative. On appeal, for example, Husband assigns the entire appraised value of the marital home to Wife without accounting for the substantial remaining mortgage she must pay. Significantly, Husband includes in his calculations the $200,000.00 in “accounts receivable” i.e., his term for “gross receipts,” that he continues to maintain remain in A&F. At this juncture, we briefly return to consider the classification of A&F. As should be readily evident, A&F, as a partnership between Husband and Wife, is properly classified as a marital asset. The proof showed its value to include $1,500 in equipment and inventory and the remaining balance of approximately $60 in the business account the parties jointly held before their separation. In our view, the trial court’s award of A&F to Wife as her “separate property” was its way of recognizing that, for all intents and purposes, Wife alone owned and operated A&F following Husband’s departure from the marriage. At the same time, the trial court clearly included the value of A&F as “marital property” in its allocation of marital assets to Wife. In the final analysis, while we find A&F to be a marital asset, the classification of this one asset does not render the overall division inequitable. Stated otherwise, if A&F is Wife’s separate property, it was properly assigned to her alone. If it is deemed a marital asset, the attendant award of $1,500 to Wife does not render the overall property division inequitable. Either way, there is no evidence whatsoever to support Husband’s assertion that the value of A&F should include hundreds of thousands of dollars in “accounts receivable” and/or gross income. In the end, the trial court’s decision essentially left Wife with a place to live and the ability to continue to support herself using the knowledge and experience she developed during the marriage. The trial court considered that Wife has no other assets, no separate income, is years from receiving social security, and has relied upon the computer business operated at the marital home as her sole source of income before, during, and since the separation. Husband was awarded the unencumbered “home” he has lived in since the parties separated. Considering his separate income, including social security, and his relatively low expenses, it appears that Husband has the option to remain “retired” or start another business. As to ownership of the parties’ dogs, it is evident that the trial court -17- considered their needs and the ability of the parties to care for them. We find no error in this issue. In summary, we have considered the trial court’s overall property distribution in light of the various factors set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121(c). On our review, we are unable to conclude that the property distribution was inequitable or that the trial court erred in its distribution of the marital property. The evidence simply does not preponderate against the trial court’s division of the parties’ property. V. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Costs on appeal are taxed to the appellant, Frank Ray Baggett. This case is remanded, pursuant to applicable law, for enforcement of the trial court’s judgment and for collection of costs assessed by the trial court. __________________________________________ CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., PRESIDING JUDGE -18- 

Euro 'irreversible', membership not Bittersweet ECB message after 20 years by OMFIF Analysis Wed 20 Jun 2018 The euro is irreversible, but the composition of the countries in Europe's single currency is not. That was a central bittersweet message delivered to the audience at OMFIF's 18 June London seminar commemorating the 20th anniversary of the European Central Bank's establishment on 1 June 1998. Other conclusions were that debt restructuring within the euro area – including possibly for a large euro member such as Italy – was virtually inevitable at some stage; that the ECB had become increasingly politicised over the 20 years; and that the ECB was ill-prepared for a future international recession. The seminar heard considerable discussion on the rising volume of the German Bundesbank's Target-2 claims on the ECB, which reached €956bn at end-May and seem likely to pass the €1tn mark in the next few weeks. This is an indication, according to some, that economic and monetary union has already become a 'transfer union' under which creditor countries automatically channel long-term funding to debtors. A break-off from the euro area of some problem countries, although thought possible in coming years, would not be a simple task. There was a solemn warning, apposite in view of indications about possible euro departure from politicians close to the populist Italian government, that leaving the single currency would be a highly complex and damaging procedure with legal, economic, political and technical ramifications not hitherto experienced. As a result, the seminar included a discussion of whether debt restructuring might take place within the present euro area with member countries remaining intact but debt written down. This could take place under similar rules to those discussed for a sovereign debt restructuring programme by the International Monetary Fund in the early 2000s – and more recently suggested by a group of Franco-German economists. OMFIF's panel for the off-the-record discussion included Jürgen Stark and José Manuel González-Paramo, former ECB executive board members in 2006-11 and 2004-12 respectively, Lord (Adair) Turner, former chair of the UK Financial Services Authority, and John Kornblum, former US ambassador to Germany. The discussion was chaired by David Marsh. Stark was previously state secretary at the German finance ministry, where he played a key role in setting up the euro in the late 1990s, and vice-president of the Bundesbank. Stark resigned spectacularly from the ECB in 2011 after a dispute over the central bank's government bond-buying exercises to support weaker EMU members and especially its negotiations on conditionality with the Italian and Spanish governments, which he claimed infringed the bank's independence. González-Paramo is an executive board member of BBVA, the Spanish bank, while Turner is chair of the Institute of New Economic Thinking. Kornblum played a delicate role in the euro's formation when he travelled to Europe in 1997 at the behest of Lawrence 'Larry' Summers, US Treasury secretary, and Alan Greenspan, chair of the Federal Reserve, to explore thinking on the setting up of the new currency and investigate Europe's reaction to American scepticism and hostility. Here are eight highlights of the discussion: 1. Monetary andeconomic outlookThe ECB decision to leave interest rates in negative territory at least until summer 2019, at the same time as deciding to phase out its €2tn-plus quantitative easing at the end of 2018, was a relatively dovish decision. This would give the central bank less leeway to ease policy when the next world recession strikes, which could be as early as 2020. The US federal funds rate by that time may be at 3.5%, representing a massive widening of the US-European interest rate spread. Mario Draghi, the ECB president, would have been better advised to start tightening earlier. Since this has not been the case, Draghi will bequeath to his successor a somewhat accommodative policy that will be difficult to reverse sufficiently to give the ECB ammunition to cut rates when the inevitable slowdown emerges. Europe's economic situation had improved principally because of Chinese and US fiscal stimulus. High debt remained an important economic risk within the euro area, and Italy was in fundamental need of debt restructuring – but accomplishing this would be supremely difficult. 2. Potential euro departuresThe euro area was very close to losing one of its members in 2015 when Germany and other countries advocated the departure of Greece, an idea backed by some in the Athens government. The country pulled back from the brink. Greece (and even more so Italy) remains a weak link. Two speakers mentioned the need for Italian debt restructuring, or otherwise face leaving the euro. But exiting the single currency would be extraordinarily difficult and complicated. If Italy were to leave the euro, it would choose to convert all domestic wages, prices and contracts into 'new lira'. However, that would not apply to international contracts, where there would be considerable disputes: 'This would be a field day for lawyers.' There would be big differences in the treatment of lending in euros to an Italian borrower from, say, US banks' branches and subsidiaries in different European jurisdictions, and a loan by an indigenous European or Italian bank. The ECB has said that, if a member country departed, it would have to settle all outstanding balances under the Target-2 system. It is not clear how that could be done. Italy would certainly refine its Target-2 debt to the Eurosystem in devalued 'new lira' and not in euros. 3. Central banking powerThe ECB is the most powerful and effective institution in Europe – and the only institution capable of making quick decisions. There was an element of 'self-empowerment' in this, but governments had been pleased to transfer influence to the ECB since it was the only institution equipped to take decisive action. Public support had held up quite well despite the euro's difficulties – 70% of euro area citizens support the euro. An unwelcome paradox – ECB has been very successful at fulfilling its mandate, which is price stability. The ECB has now gone beyond its mandate with QE and (together with the build-up of its powers in other areas, especially banking supervision) has become the effective guarantor of the euro system. The ECB would be more effective when its mandate is kept narrow, but there is no perspective that the bank will ever retreat to its previous narrowly defined objectives. It seems likely to maintain its relatively high balance sheet and 'toolkit' of measures to influence the economy. 4. Disagreement over deflation riskThere was disagreement among the panellists of whether a risk existed in 2012-15 of malign deflation in the euro area and whether the ECB's large-scale government bond-buying programme, which started in March 2018 and is now being phased out, was justified. 'There was no risk of a downward spiral' [in prices], one panellist said, claiming that the fall in inflation was due above all to an 80% decline in the oil price. Another said unconventional monetary policies were justifiable in unusual circumstances. 5. Price of recoveryThe EU should be more proactive and not simply wait until the next crisis to enact reforms. There was agreement that the ECB had been successful in holding the euro area together, with the ECB saying that QE had added 1.9 percentage points to growth and inflation between 2016-20, but this had come at a price. The disbenefits included increased 'moral hazard' as result of the ECB's bond-buying as well as a creeping politicisation of ECB decisions in view of the expansion of the central bank's activities both as a banking supervisor and as a 'lender of last resort' to governments. 6. Low interest ratesOne important lesson of the past 10 years was that low interest rates were not a panacea for dealing with sluggish economic growth caused by a correction to unsustainable private debt and the subsequent balance sheet recession. European GDP had barely recovered from the position before the financial crisis, despite low interest rates and QE, which had led to market distortions, further skewed distribution of wealth and heightened moral hazard. Among proposals for reforming the euro area were measures to complete the banking union, further progress in banking supervision, fresh steps in forming a capital markets union, partial substitution of national issuance of debt through joint issuance in a European redemption fund as well as a euro area budget that could apply 'shock absorbers' at times of economic downturn. The Bundesbank was right in the 1990s in saying that a strong element of political union was required to make monetary union work. 7. Washington manoeuvresWashington opposed the Maastricht Treaty in 1997, where some regarded it as 'the devil's own work'. John Kornblum was sent on a mission to explore what harm the US stance was doing. He formed the impression that this policy was damaging US chances of forging a consensus in other areas, such as over Bosnia and the Balkans. He was also told that overt US opposition would strengthen Europe's determination to go ahead with the euro. Kornblum reported back to Washington and achieved success in mitigating Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers' remarks, less so with Alan Greenspan, who modified some statements but still claimed the euro was a mistake. 8. Europe and the worldOne panellist said Europe is falling behind the US and China in global influence. 'The world is moving at the speed of light and Europe is not in the frame.' Germany was said to be the one European country that understood the implications of the pace of change, but were held back by the desire of other countries for the Germans to show 'solidarity', which could end up depressing German and European economic prowess and preventing Europe from reaching the levels of China, the US and Japan.

Glenn Beck watched "Noah" last weekend, and calls it a major bust for anyone wanting a biblically sound story. He recieved the invitation to see the movie after he harshly reviewed the film on his radio show last week. Soon after he aired his thoughts on the film, Beck reports he got a phone call from a paramount executive asking him to come watch the movie before taking a position on it with his audience. "I felt like kind of a dirtball, basing my review on something that I hadn't seen, on someone else's review," Beck said on his broadcast Monday. "That's what people do to me. They don't listen or watch, then they review. It was wrong of me to do," he said about his initial comments on the film. But, alas, it seems Beck's screening of the movie did not change his feelings about the $150 million feature film. "If you are looking for a biblical movie, this is definitely not it," He said. "It's not the story of Noah that I was hoping for. If you are going for that, you will be horribly disappointed." I would love to come and report that the movie was great, but I can't," he said. "It's awful." As far as specifics go, Beck said there was a multitude of things wrong with the film. For starters, He said that none of the characters had an authentic, loving relationship with God. He said Noah never prays, unless he is thinking of killing his family.

4 comments: Pretty much your own fault for not living in Los Angeles, where we are enduring the unseasonably coolest summer ever to hit this town. Serious, it's like 75 degrees high temp every day. In August (typical is 90).

Q: What is the language code for a simplified/plain language I received a translation for a software in plain german ("einfaches deutsch"). I am really happy about this because I think accessibility is really important. However, in order to integrate it, I need a code for that language. I usually use 2-letter ISO codes for that, e.g. en or de. I already knew that you could add a territory code like en-US or de-AT. By reading RFC5646 I found out that what I am looking for is probably a variant subtag like de-simple. However, these variant subtags need to be registered with IANA. I browsed the language subtag registry there and did not find any variant subtag that matches what I was searching for. So it seems like there is no variant subtag for plain language. So I see three options here: I missed something. I just go ahead and use an unofficial language code such as de-simple. I register the simple subtag with the IANA. Which one is it? A: In the meantime, a -simple variant tag has been standardized, so now it is possible to use de-simple. See this blog post for details.

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HOA Halts Construction of Paralyzed Army Vet's Home Plans to build a new home for a paralyzed Army veteran at no cost to his family have been put on hold by the local homeowners association. The reason, said the president of the nonprofit homebuilding group, is fear that the home would drag down property values in the neighborhood. The Evans, Ga., home was to be built for Army Sgt. 1st Class Sean Gittens (left), who was struck in 2008 by an IED blast on his second tour of duty in Iraq. The trauma left him paralyzed on the right side of his body and unable to speak. It wasn't supposed to turn out this way. "This is the total opposite of what usually happens," said John Gonsalves, president and founder of Homes for Our Troops, a nonprofit that builds homes for injured veterans. "We've met every requirement they've asked for," he told AOL Real Estate during a phone interview. Construction was to begin on Friday, but Gonsalves said the homeowners association at the last minute filed a cease-and-desist order on the project, claiming that he had failed to file all the necessary paperwork. "This could have been a done deal had they just gotten us the paperwork," said Rick Trump, president of the Knob Hill Homeowners Association, during a phone interview. "Who's really to blame here? Is it that we blocked them or that they're disorganized and don't have everything they need?" While Trump maintains that the HOA's only contention is the paperwork, he said that some homeowners are concerned that the Gittens project will drag down the value of their homes, either because of the style of the home or the size. The home will include several disabled-accessible features to accommodate Gittens, who currently is bedridden. But the neighbors' major complaint, Gonsalves said, is that the home is only 2,785 square feet, while other homes in the area are in the 3,000- to 5,000-square-foot range. The discrepancy should be a moot point, though, he said, because the minimum suggested size of homes for the area is only 2,700 square feet (see the supporting document here). In reality, though, the HOA needn't have worried, according to New York appraiser Alice Palmisano. The claim that smaller houses drag down neighboring property values is unfounded, she said. "It usually works the other way around, where the smaller house typically sees a boost in home value," but there's no evidence that smaller homes hurt the value of larger ones. Given the special nature of the home, it wouldn't even be used as the basis for a "comparable property," she said. "Just because a custom home is built for a handicapped person does not mean that home can't sell to a conventional buyer," she added. "And considering the circumstances, it sounds kind of mean-spirited." But Trump argues that the dispute is simply a matter of upholding HOA guidelines, and neither he nor the association has anything against the Gittens family. "If they leave, that's the family's choice, but we're honored to have them in the neighborhood," he said. For Gittens' wife, Sharon, the message conveyed has been less hospitable. "They just don't want us here," she said during a phone interview. Gittens moved to Knob Hill with her husband and children last year and has been renting an apartment in the development. Her husband's military career began in 1988 with a tour of duty in Kuwait during Desert Storm and ended in 2010 when he was forced to take medical retirement. She says that she doesn't accept HOA members' claims that their new home is too small for the area, as there are other properties in the development that are even smaller. She took particular umbrage to the association's request that they add a second floor to the home. "My husband doesn't need that. He's wheelchair bound," she said. But no matter the outcome in the Knob Hill dispute, Gonsalves said that his organization will keep their promise and build the Gittenses a new home. "This home is about freedom and independence adapted to the Gittenses' needs," he said. "But it's also about roots. Luckily we can enjoy the [American] dream because of people like Sgt. Gittens. So who deserves it more than him?" Gonsalves expects to make an announcement on the future of the project early this week. UPDATE: Late on Monday, Homes for Our Troops issued a press statement in which Sharon Gittens confirmed that she will be leaving the Knob Hill development. The Gittenses are currently exploring other options in the area. John Gonsalves, president of Homes for Our Troops, has agreed to continue the project in a new location. Featured Comments Karen Connie, that has nothing to do with it. My father was a veteran and I understand what the homeowner"s concerns are in relation to this home. Mr. Trump is expressing the concerns of the homeowners, not necessarily his own. He needs to take care of the homeowners as well. Again, it's about location, not whether they will get a home. Build the home in a community where it will be comparable in value to the other homes in that community. It's pretty simple. 3457 Comments My husband has been in the Army for 27 years, & my father was A Vet. I am disgusted that there are people out there that are more concerned with the value of their home than the quality of life of A AMERICAN Soldier that puts his life on the line for his country each & EVERY day. I know from experience the financial difficiulties we have experienced from being paid so poorly for what we Military Families put on the line every day JUST to protect A bunch of UNGRATEFUL IDIOTS! My husband has sacrificed all the major milestones with our children, & has been gone half their lives. SHAME ON YOU! Why don't you get off your bottoms & get on the firing line for half the average American wage? That's what I thought. I am a Veteren of 20 yr's and appearently these Snobby people does not know the sacrifices that we make to defend thier sorry buts. I wish that they walk a mile ina soldiers, sailor's,airmen's,and marine's shoes as all walks of life make up the armed service. This world has too many Ostriges and too prissy these people need to get a grip on reality and get some compassion for those who have given thier all and the ultimate thier lives so these sorry ones can live in thier little castles. Maybe 911 doesen't matter to them or WWII these people should be sent to live in Afganastan and left to fight the insurgents or Taliban. edgar -- God bless you and thank you for your service. As the mom of a Sailor just off a deployment, I am totally disgusted at the treatment of these soldier by those so called Home Owner's Associations. They mean to tell me that they cannot adjust their lousy rules for our Veterans? None are worse than the other - neither the Marine who is injured for life, nor the other disabled Vet being told that he cannot fly our flag! We lived in a park that had a HOA in Florida for years and had a WW2 vet across the street from us. They tried to stop him from putting up a flag pole. What'd he do? He got an even BIGGER one!! That shut them up, but that was also in the late 1990s. They're more vicious now since 9-11 and that makes NO sense! Take care sir, and again, I thank you!! Karen,You are foolish and self centered if you think mixing sizes of homes is the core of value - finish quality is important too. Besides, they were above the written minimum square footage requirement. What you do reveal is that you, and other wealthy people with very large homes just would rather not be near people with lesser money and smaller homes. Maybe because they are black, all of the well-to-do got worried too. Future Followup: The honorable veteran will be truly welcomed as both a new homeowner and paperwork-conscious (HUD lawsuit) citizen as he lives in a dream home elsewhere. The HOA's reported pretexts are just that. Why he would to actually live there now even if he gets the "paperwork" right will be a true test of his own tolerance. Any service B.S. he may have put up with surely pales in comparison to the reported HOA position. The only thing being dragged down is any reputation the HOA may have enjoyed. Thanks for your service and sacrifice. This just makes me sick to my stomach. The price of your home is not low because a disabled army veteran lives next door. The price of your home is low because your greedy ass bought the home for twice the value of what it was actually worth and the bubble busted leaving you holding the bag. Don't blame it on someone that was trying to protect you by denying them a home. There is a special place in hell for Knob Hill Homeowners Association. Karen, I think that the issues which seem to bother homeowners were not founded according to the article the house was of a size that was above the minimum for the neighborhood. Homeowners associations can be too high handed and I am personally very glad not to have to deal with one. I think it is wise to choose a development where there is more freedom to live like an american. the more one's decisions about their property are decided by a HOA the less true ownership one has of their property. Glad I read this article. Now I know that I will never even look at a house in this development. I would bet that most of them are non-military who have never served a day defending their country. Typical type of people that believe everyone else should defend their freedom, but not them. Cowards and hypocrites.

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Tofu-phobic? This Tofu Parmigiana will change your mind! Jessie asks: What's your take on tofu? No thank you or bring it on? Really yummy, even my dad and boyfriend liked it, and they are "meat and potatoes" people. My only problem was that the bread crumbs do not stick to the tofu--but they do stick to the pan. Even with a non-stick pan, though, the bread crumbs just slide right off the tofu. Great flavor! And healthy. — Anonymous 03/30/2010 - 1:22pm BRING IT ON! I just cooked tofu for the first time today for lunch and it turned out horrible! I tried to substitute items I didn't have and I guess I messed it up royally. BUT, I am still going to learn how to cook it (the right way). I am tackling "Tofu Parmigiana" tonight for dinner. Lets see what happens! Michelle — Anonymous 05/08/2010 - 9:30pm I thought this was a great alternative to traditional Italian lasagna, especially if you grew up eating Italian food your whole life like me. While its not quite the same as good old fashioned lasagna prepared by mom, this is definitely the best your going to get using tofu. It's a little different preparing as well then regular lasagna, however using a tofu press I bought from tofuxpress was very helpful in preparation. Good recipe!! — Anonymous 02/21/2012 - 6:44pm I made this last night and had leftovers for lunch today. I could hardly wait for lunch! It was the best meal I've had all year. My bread crumbs stayed on in most spots, but I really pressed them on to tofu that had been pressed for a couple of hours (put on a plate with a plate over it and top it with something heavy to get the liquid out). The fresh basil was great. I also added some fresh rosemary. It looked and tasted great. I served with salad and had a meal at 400 calories. Add bread, and you are still at 500. I will make this again and again! — Anonymous 07/09/2012 - 12:00am This was wonderful! Have a hard to feed 40 year old male and 11 year old daughter both whom gave up meat for lent. They have never eaten tofu, and loved this dish! It's a winner in our house for sure!! — Karen_1449 02/21/2013 - 5:51pm Bring it! You just need to know how to prepare it. Press your tofu! Once i got my TofuXpress even my husband eats tofu now. — Anonymous 09/06/2013 - 11:28am This is just so good, I have made it several times & it never fails me. This recipe is so simple, no special tricks at all 'Jan

The All-22: How Suh, Maxwell, McPhee will fit on their new teams Sometimes you get Reggie White, and sometimes you get Albert Haynesworth. For every Deion Sanders in San Francisco and Dallas, there's a Deion Sanders in Washington D.C. The ability to acquire free-agent talent at the highest possible level has to do with talent, of course, but there's also scheme fit, attitude fit, and a whole lot of timing. Though none of the free-agent signings for 2015 is official yet, there's enough traction around the big names to start to wonder just how well those players will fit on their new teams. Three defenders in particular look to make significant impacts in new places, and they're going to get paid accordingly. Though J.J. Watt has been the NFL's best defensive lineman over the last two years (and he has; I think we can eliminate that debate), it's equally certain that Ndamukong Suh has been the league's best defensive tackle over the last five years. Especially as a pass-rusher, Suh has been an indefatigable presence since he was selected by the Detroit Lions with the second-overall pick out of Nebraska in the 2010 draft. Against double teams on most plays, Suh has totaled 36 sacks and 180 solo tackles in his career. His 8.5-sack total for the 2014 season was the highest he's amassed since his 10-sack rookie campaign. According to Pro Football Focus' metrics, Suh led all defensive tackles with 57 total pressures in 2014, and he's led, tied for the lead or finished second in total pressures among defensive tackles in four of his five seasons. Suh did all of that for the Lions, but if the reports are true, he'll be doing that for the Miami Dolphins in 2015 and beyond after agreeing to terms on a six-year, $114 million deal with as much as $60 million guaranteed. And in that Miami defensive front, he has a chance to be truly special. The Dolphins have two highly-regarded outside rushers in Cameron Wake and Olivier Vernon, but from a pass-rushing perspective, the inside combination of Suh and defensive tackle Randy Starks could be really exciting. Starks is 31 years old, and he's not the force he used to be against the run, but he shows enough quickness and agility as an interior pass-rusher to make some special plays. Here, against the Jets in Week 17, Starks (#94) gets low, fast and skinny on a single-team from center Dalton Freeman (#63), and it's all over pretty quickly as Geno Smith hits the dirt. And here, against the Chiefs in Week 3, he blows by fullback Anthony Sherman as a five-tech end as the right side of Kansas City's offensive line splits against a linebacker blitz. The result? Alex Smith goes down for a safety. Now, what will the addition of Suh do for Starks, or Earl Mitchell, or any other tackle in Miami's defense? Imagine every offensive line focusing on Suh out of necessity, and do the math. Even when Suh is double-teamed, his rare combination of speed, power, technique and determination allows him to wreck the play anyway. The Dolphins didn't need to see Suh in person to understand this fact, but he made it quite obvious when Miami met the Lions in Week 10. On this third-quarter play, Suh takes right guard Mike Pouncey (#51) and right tackle Dallas Thomas (#63) to the middle of the formation, forcing a fumble from running back Daniel Thomas in the process. Suh capsizes that double-team like a cannonball dropped on a toy boat. And against the pass? Suh is relentless and transcendent. This sack of Tony Romo in the Lions' wild-card playoff loss to the Cowboys is against a single-team blocker, but it's still one of my favorite Suh sacks. He takes the initial charge of rookie right guard Zack Martin (who played at a Pro Bowl level most of the year), drops Martin after a dance across the formation, and chases Romo around the pocket until the play is destroyed. There's no question that Suh will elevate Miami's defense, especially against the run. Do the Dolphins still have work to do if they're going to compete with the Patriots and the rest of the AFC's top teams? Without question. Will Suh's cap numbers hamstring them to a degree? We haven't yet seen how that will work out, but one can assume so. Still, the assumption that this could be an Albert Haynesworth-style disaster is likely incorrect. Not only is Suh moving into a defense that represents a perfect place for his skill set, but he's adding all the right attributes. CB Byron Maxwell, Philadelphia Eagles If you were looking to describe the Eagles' pass defense in 2014 with two words, "hot garbage" might be appropriate. Starting cornerbacks Bradley Fletcher and Cary Williams combined for just three interceptions with 14 touchdowns allowed, plus 117 total catches on 214 targets for 1,829 yards posted by opposing quarterbacks. Fletcher and Williams are both free agents, and neither looks to have any committees organizing their return to the team. Knowing full well that improvement was needed, the team reportedly agreed to terms with former Seahawks cornerback Byron Maxwell on a six-year deal that includes $25 million guaranteed, and an average annual salary in excess of $10 million. That's a lot to pay for the least-known member of the Legion of Boom secondary, especially if you're among those who believe that whatever he did well in Seattle was created to a large extent by the efforts of cornerback Richard Sherman and safeties Kam Chancellor and Earl Thomas. Skeptics who view Maxwell as a product of that system may wonder just what the Eagles are getting themselves into. Let's go under the hood and take a look. Maxwell was selected in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL draft out of Clemson, and didn't become a starter until Brandon Browner and Walter Thurmond III, his predecessors, were suspended for various violations of the NFL's drug policies. When he made that move, however, his presence was of immediate benefit to the team. In 2013, he allowed 23 receptions on 45 targets, 274 yards, four interceptions and two touchdowns. He had a bit of a dropoff in the postseason, but it appeared that the Seahawks once again had the Sherman bookend that Browner once had been. In 2014, Maxwell lived up to the potential of an above-average starting cornerback. He was Seattle's most-targeted defender with 71, though the idea that he was far more heavily targeted than Sherman is a canard, as Sherman was thrown at 65 times in the regular season. Maxwell allowed 45 catches on those targets for 567 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions. His 81.1 opponent passer rating was nearly twice as high as Sherman's, but Maxwell proved that he could hold things down pretty well. “He’s been a pretty legitimate starter for us for some time now," Seahawks head coach Pete Carroll said the week before Super Bowl XLIX of Maxwell's transition to starter. ‘"Maxy’ has a great personality and character about him -- he’s very flexible, and he’s pliable to situations. He handles challenges and difficulties really well, so I don’t see anything at all. He’s been fine. He’s had no problem adapting to the things that we’ve asked him to do whenever, and he’s just a regular part of our team. I don’t think that he’s gone through any kind of a big change at all.” Though all of Seattle's cornerbacks must play press, Maxwell is the best and most proficient of them all in off-coverage, various zone principles and "bail" coverage, when a defender turns his hips to the quarterback (frequently on a multi-receiver side) to try and read the quarterback's intentions. Press-bail coverage has bedeviled Sherman to varying degrees since he came into the league, but Maxwell has it on lock for the most part, as he showed against the Cardinals in Week 14. Here, he's on the strong side (top of the field) in a WR/TE set, and he stays with speedster Josh Brown all the way down the field on a deep post. From the snap, Maxwell does a great job of keeping with Brown and adjusting to the dual route concept. Watch him close on the deep ball from backup Drew Stanton: The downside of this play? Maxwell was a bit early with the physical aspect of his play, and was busted for pass interference. That was a 39-yard gain for the Cardinals. And as well as Maxwell plays the ball in those circumstances, that penalty wasn't an isolated incident. Against Arizona in Week 16, it was a different quarterback (Ryan Lindley) and a different receiver (Michael Floyd) but the same outcome. This time, Maxwell played straight-up press against Floyd on a deep boundary route to the left sideline (Seattle's staple coverage) and did a great job of tracking Floyd throughout the play. Maxwell has the hip turn, flexibility and raw speed to work against just about any receiver in the NFL. Sadly for Seattle, though, Maxwell was arm-barring Floyd near the catchpoint, and though the contact was mutual in this case, Maxwell was busted for another interference call -- a 36-yard gain this time. Are we splitting hairs on the penalties? Well, Maxwell was penalized nine times last season (10 total, one declined) for a team-high 105 yards, and six of those penalties were for defensive holding. It's something to watch, and if you're going to pay a guy this much, you want to be sure that he's not going to offset his talents with penalty liabilities. Still, it's pretty clear that Maxwell has a varied skill set, and that's about more than his physical gifts. He's become really good at reading routes and breaking to the target, as he showed in this Week 3 tackle of a Peyton Manning pass to Emmanuel Sanders. Maxwell starts the play with bail coverage on Demaryius Thomas outside, but does an absolutely tremendous job of breaking off to cover Sanders, who had flown by the slot defender. It was a 42-yard gain, but Maxwell probably saved a touchdown because he read the action and adjusted so well. Maxwell can also play the slot pretty well, though the Eagles have the right guy for that position in Brandon Boykin, and given Philly's outside coverage liabilities, one imagines their newest acquisition on the outside more than anything else. Is he worth this much cabbage based on his tape and the numbers? Perhaps. Keep in mind that Sherman was a fifth-round pick who came in to start in the middle of a season (2011) and took time to become the dominant player he has been over the last couple years. Maxwell has less than two years of starts in a demanding system, and he's risen to the challenge for the most part. While he won't have the level of teammate help in his new home, perhaps Byron Maxwell can start the Eagles' defensive rebirth. There's almost nowhere to go but up. OLB/DL Pernell McPhee, Chicago Bears The transition from situational player to full-time starter can be a daunting one, at best. Some players are built for it, and show that right away. Others quickly prove why they're only slot receivers or dime defenders or third-down ends. Perhaps the player whose exploits will be most closely watched in this regard in the 2015 season is defensive lineman Pernell McPhee, who has reportedly agreed to terms with the Chicago Bears on a five-year, $40 million deal. Like Maxwell, McPhee is a newer NFL name in a new place in desperate need of defensive enhancement. The 2014 Bears put up one of the worst season-long defensive performances in the franchise's long history. When teams weren't gashing Chicago's high-priced and oft-injured defensive line with their running games, they were making fools of the Bears' secondary. Much of that had to do with the regressive (to be kind) schemes of former defensive coordinator Mel Tucker, who at some point took the Hot Tub Time Machine back to the early 2000s, when you could get away with vanilla zone coverage against offenses that hadn't figured that out years ago. New defensive coordinator Vic Fangio, who did an absolutely fantastic job in San Francisco through the injuries and suspensions of his personnel, was summarily dismissed for his trouble, and now stands to be the biggest overall coaching upgrade in the league in his new location. One thing Fangio is known for is his multiplicity. He'll throw all kinds of things at enemy offenses in subtle ways. Through most of his time with the 49ers, he stayed with a base four-man front with a pass-rushing linebacker and a stay-at-home run defender, but if the situation called for his players to move to different gaps, Fangio was more than capable of scheming that up, too. And that's where McPhee could be so very valuable to his new team and coaches. According to Pro Football Focus's 2014 metrics, McPhee rushed the passer 75 times in 372 total passing snaps from the standard outside linebacker position; he also played 115 snaps as a defensive end on either side of the formation with his hand on the ground and 120 snaps came from other linebacker positions. In addition, McPhee rushed occasionally from a three-tech and one-tech defensive tackle positions or gaps, with a stand-up stance and with his hand on the ground. He registered 7.5 sacks, 24 quarterback hits and 40 quarterback hurries with those limited opportunities, and if you want to see him at his best, look no further than his two-sack game against the Browns in Week 17. On the first sack, he beat left tackle Joe Thomas, one of the NFL's best at his position for years, for a straight-up takedown. This came with 13:12 left in the second quarter, and featured McPhee in a wide-9 set with his hand on the ground.Thomas can barely get up and into his kickstep before McPhee is on him, and with a quick inside move, quarterback Connor Shaw is left to wonder what the heck just happened. The second sack of McPhee's day shows what happens when you leave a crossing tight end (in this case, Cleveland's Jordan Cameron) to block McPhee one-on-one. Quite simply: Bad things happen. McPhee is closing off the offensive right side, and right tackle Mitchell Schwartz (who's generally the anti-Joe Thomas from a talent perspective) pinches inside to double defensive tackle Brandon Graham. Running back Terrance West barely puts up a fight at the last line of resistance, and this does not go well for Shaw at all. Here, in Week 5 against the Colts, McPhee is lined up with his hand off the ground between center Jonotthan Harrison and right guard Hugh Thornton. At the snap, McPhee just okey-dokes Thornton into oblivion with a quick rip move, and the Colts have to re-set one sack later. So, McPhee can produce quarterback pressure from anywhere on the field. But what makes him enticing as an every-down player is his ability against the run. He had 22 run stops in 142 run plays in 2014. By comparison per PFF, Dumervil had 23 stops in 159 run plays, and Suggs had 30 stops in 308 run plays. Against the Steelers in Week 2, he takes on center MaurkicePouncey and right guard David DeCastro, fends off Pouncey's chip, and takes DeCastro to running back Le'Veon Bell's location for a two-yard gain. Pouncey and DeCastro are each excellent players, and Bell is as tough to stop as any back in the league. This kind of play should alleviate any concerns about McPhee as an every-down player in a different defense. The Ravens knew they were probably going to lose McPhee. After the season he had, he was going to get paid in a serious way, and Baltimore's loss is Chicago's gain. Pernell McPhee might just be the next Monster of the Midway. More NFL We've Got Apps Too Get expert analysis, unrivaled access, and the award-winning storytelling only SI can provide - from Peter King, Tom Verducci, Lee Jenkins, Seth Davis, and more - delivered straight to you, along with up-to-the-minute news and live scores.