{
  "name": "Basic JavaScript",
  "time": "10 hours",
  "order": 1,
  "helpRoom": "HelpJavaScript",
  "challenges": [
    {
      "id": "bd6123c9c441eddfaeb4bdef",
      "title": "Introduction to JavaScript",
      "description": [
        [
          "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/JavaScript-logo.png/480px-JavaScript-logo.png",
          "A yellow square with the letters, JS, in the bottom right to represent the JS logo",
          "JavaScript (JS) is a high-level programming language that all modern web browsers support. It is also one of the core technologies of the web, along with HTML and CSS that you may have learned previously. This section will cover basic programming concepts in JavaScript, which range from variables and arithemtic to objects and loops."
        ]
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [],
      "tests": [],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 7,
      "isRequired": false,
      "translations": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c441eddfaeb4bdef",
      "title": "Comment Your JavaScript Code",
      "description": [
        "Comments are lines of code that JavaScript will intentionally ignore. Comments are a great way to leave notes to yourself and to other people who will later need to figure out what that code does.",
        "There are two ways to write comments in JavaScript:",
        "Using <code>//</code> will tell JavaScript to ignore the remainder of the text on the current line:",
        "<blockquote>// This is an in-line comment.</blockquote>",
        "You can make a multi-line comment beginning with <code>/*</code> and ending with <code>*/</code>:",
        "<blockquote>/* This is a <br>   multi-line comment */</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Best Practice</strong><br>As you write code, you should regularly add comments to clarify the function of parts of your code. Good commenting can help communicate the intent of your code&mdash;both for others <em>and</em> for your future self.",
        "<hr>",
        "Try creating one of each type of comment."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "// Fake Comment\n/* Another Comment */"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/(\\/\\/)...../g), 'message: Create a <code>//</code> style comment that contains at least five letters.');",
        "assert(code.match(/(\\/\\*)([^\\*\\/]{5,})(?=\\*\\/)/gm), 'message: Create a <code>/* */</code> style comment that contains at least five letters.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Agrega comentarios a tu código JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Los comentarios son líneas de código que el computador ignorará intencionalmente. Los comentarios son una gran forma de dejarte notas a ti mismo y a otras personas que luego tendrán que averiguar lo que hace que el código. ",
            "Vamos a echar un vistazo a las dos maneras en las que puedes agregar tus comentarios en JavaScript.",
            "El comentario de doble barra comentará el resto del texto en la línea donde se ubica:",
            "<code>// Este es un comentario.</code>",
            "El comentario de barra-estrella-estrella-barra, comentará todo lo que haya entre los caracteres <code>/*</code> y <code>*/</code>:",
            "<code>/* Este es también un comentario */</code>",
            "Trata de crear uno de cada uno."
          ]
        },
        "fr": {
          "title": "Commentez votre code JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Les commentaires sont des lignes de code que Javascript va intentionnellement ignorer. Les commentaires sont un bon moyen de laisser des notes à votre intention ou pour d'autres personnes qui devront comprendre ce que fait votre code.",
            "Il y a deux façons d'écrire des commentaires en JavaScript.",
            "Utiliser <code>//</code> indiquera à JavaScript d'ignorer le reste du texte sur cette même ligne:",
            "<code>// Voici un commentaire sur une ligne.</code>",
            "Vous pouvez commenter plusieurs lignes en commençant par <code>/*</code> et en finissant par <code>*/</code>:",
            "<code>/*Voici un commentaire <br>   sur plusieurs lignes */</code>",
            "<strong>Conseils</strong>",
            "Lorsque vous écrivez votre code, vous devriez ajouter régulièrement des commentaires pour clarifier l'objectif de certaines parties de votre code. De bons commentaires peuvent aider les autres <em>et</em> vous-même à mieux comprendre votre code.",
            "<hr>",
            "Essayez de créer un commentaire de chaque type."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c443eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Declare JavaScript Variables",
      "description": [
        "In computer science, <dfn>data</dfn> is anything that is meaningful to the computer. JavaScript provides seven different <dfn>data types</dfn> which are <code>undefined</code>, <code>null</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>string</code>, <code>symbol</code>, <code>number</code>, and <code>object</code>.",
        "For example, computers distinguish between numbers, such as the number <code>12</code>, and <code>strings</code>, such as <code>\"12\"</code>, <code>\"dog\"</code>, or <code>\"123 cats\"</code>, which are collections of characters. Computers can perform mathematical operations on a number, but not on a string.",
        "<dfn>Variables</dfn> allow computers to store and manipulate data in a dynamic fashion. They do this by using a \"label\" to point to the data rather than using the data itself. Any of the seven data types may be stored in a variable.",
        "<code>Variables</code> are similar to the x and y variables you use in mathematics, which means they're a simple name to represent the data we want to refer to. Computer <code>variables</code> differ from mathematical variables in that they can store different values at different times.",
        "We tell JavaScript to create or <dfn>declare</dfn> a variable by putting the keyword <code>var</code> in front of it, like so:",
        "<blockquote>var ourName;</blockquote>",
        "creates a <code>variable</code> called <code>ourName</code>. In JavaScript we end statements with semicolons.",
        "<code>Variable</code> names can be made up of numbers, letters, and <code>$</code> or <code>_</code>, but may not contain spaces or start with a number.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>var</code> keyword to create a variable called <code>myName</code>.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Look at the <code>ourName</code> example if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourName;",
        "",
        "// Declare myName below this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myName !== \"undefined\"){(function(v){return v;})(myName);}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myName;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/var\\s+myName\\s*;/.test(code), 'message: You should declare <code>myName</code> with the <code>var</code> keyword, ending with a semicolon');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Declara variables en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Cuando almacenamos datos en una <code>estructura de datos</code>, la llamamos una <code>variable</code>. Estas variables no son diferentes de las variables x e y que utilizas en matemáticas. ",
            "Vamos a crear nuestra primera variable y a llamarla \"myName\".",
            "Te darás cuenta que en <code>myName</code>, no usamos un espacio, y que la \" N\"se escribe con mayúscula. Las variables en JavaScript se escriben con <code>capitalización camello (camel case)</code>. Un ejemplo de capitalización camello: capitalizacionCamello.",
            "Ahora, utiliza la palabra clave <code>var</code> para crear una variable llamada <code>myName</code>. Establecele como valor tu nombre, entre comillas dobles. ",
            "Mira el ejemplo con <code>ourName</code> si te quedas atascado."
          ]
        },
        "fr": {
          "title": "Déclarer des variables en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "En informatique, une <dfn>donnée</dfn> comporte tout ce qui peut avoir du sens pour l'ordinateur. Javascript dispose de sept <code>types de données</code> différents qui sont <code>undefined</code>, <code>null</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>string</code>, <code>symbol</code>, <code>number</code> et <code>object</code>.",
            "Par exemple, les ordinateurs font la différence entre les nombres tel que <code>12</code> et les <code>strings</code>, tels que <code>\"12\"</code>, <code>\"dog\"</code>, ou <code>\"123 cats\"</code>, qui sont des collections de caractères. Les ordinateurs peuvent faire des opérations mathématiques sur un nombre, mais pas sur une chaîne de caractères.",
            "Les <dfn>variables</dfn> permettent aux ordinateurs de stocker et manipuler les données de façon dynamique. Ils font cela en utilisant un <blockquote>label</blockquote> qui réfère à la donnée plutôt que d'utiliser la donnée elle-même. Les sept types de données peuvent être stockés dans une variable.",
            "Les <code>variables</code> sont similaires aux x et y que vous utilisez en mathématiques, ce qui veut dire que ce sont des noms simples qui représentent les données que l'on veut utiliser. Les <code>variables</code> de l'ordinateur diffèrent de celles des mathématiques car elles peuvent stocker différentes valeurs à différents moments.",
            "On peut dire à JavaScript de créer ou <code>déclarer</code> une variable en la précédant du mot-clé <code>var</code>, comme ceci:",
            "<code>var notreNom</code>;",
            "crée une <code>variable</code> appelée <code>notreNom</code>.On termine nos expressions avec un point virgule en JavaScript.",
            "Le nom d'une <code>variable</code> peut être composé de nombres, lettres et <code>$</code> ou <code>_</code>, mais ne peut contenir d'espaces ou commencer par un nombre.",
            "<hr>",
            "Utilisez le mot-clé <code>var</code> pour créer une variable appelée <code>monNom</code>",
            "<strong>Conseil</strong><br>Regardez à l'exemple de <code>notreNom</code> si vous vous êtes bloqué."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244a8",
      "title": "Storing Values with the Assignment Operator",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, you can store a value in a variable with the <dfn>assignment</dfn> operator.",
        "<code>myVariable = 5;</code>",
        "This assigns the <code>Number</code> value <code>5</code> to <code>myVariable</code>.",
        "Assignment always goes from right to left. Everything to the right of the <code>=</code> operator is resolved before the value is assigned to the variable to the left of the operator.",
        "<blockquote>myVar = 5;<br>myNum = myVar;</blockquote>",
        "This assigns <code>5</code> to <code>myVar</code> and then resolves <code>myVar</code> to <code>5</code>  again and assigns it to <code>myNum</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Assign the value <code>7</code> to variable <code>a</code>.",
        "Assign the contents of <code>a</code> to variable <code>b</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "head": [
        "if (typeof a != 'undefined') {",
        "  a = undefined;",
        "}",
        "if (typeof b != 'undefined') {",
        "  b = undefined;",
        "}"
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var a;",
        "var b = 2;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b){return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b;})(a,b);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a;\nvar b = 2;\na = 7;\nb = a;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/var a;/.test(code) && /var b = 2;/.test(code), 'message: Do not change code above the line');",
        "assert(typeof a === 'number' && a === 7, 'message: <code>a</code> should have a value of 7');",
        "assert(typeof b === 'number' && b === 7, 'message: <code>b</code> should have a value of 7');",
        "assert(/b\\s*=\\s*a\\s*;/g.test(code), 'message: <code>a</code> should be assigned to <code>b</code> with <code>=</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Almacenar valores con el operador igual",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, puedes almacenar un valor en una variable con la <dfn>asignación</dfn> o con el operador <code>igual</code> (<code>=</code>).",
            "<code>miVariable = 5;</code>",
            "Asigna el valor <code>númerico</code> de <code>5</code> a <code>miVariable</code>.",
            "La asignación siempre va de derecha a izquierda. Todo a la derecha del operador <code>=</code> es resuelto antes que el valor es asignado a la variable a la izquierda del operador.",
            "<blockquote>miVar = 5;<br>miNum = miVar;</blockquote>",
            "Asigna <code>5</code> a <code>miVar</code> y entonces resuelve <code>miVar</code> a <code>5</code> otra vez y asigna esta a <code>miNum</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Asigna el valor <code>7</code> a la variable <code>a</code>.",
            "Asigna el contenido de <code>a</code> a la variable <code>b</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244a9",
      "title": "Initializing Variables with the Assignment Operator",
      "description": [
        "It is common to <dfn>initialize</dfn> a variable to an initial value in the same line as it is declared.",
        "<code>var myVar = 0;</code>",
        "Creates a new variable called <code>myVar</code> and assigns it an initial value of <code>0</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Define a variable <code>a</code> with <code>var</code> and initialize it to a value of <code>9</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourVar = 19;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof a !== 'undefined') {(function(a){return \"a = \" + a;})(a);} else { (function() {return 'a is undefined';})(); }"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 9;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/var\\s+a\\s*=\\s*9\\s*/.test(code), 'message: Initialize <code>a</code> to a value of <code>9</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Inicializar variables con el operador igual",
          "description": [
            "Es común <dfn>inicializar</dfn> una variable a un valor inicial en la misma línea que es declarada.",
            "<code>var miVar = 0;</code>",
            "Crea una nueva variable llamada <code>miVar</code> y le asigna un valor inicial de <code>0</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Define una variable <code>a</code> con <code>var</code> e inicializala a un valor de <code>9</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244aa",
      "title": "Understanding Uninitialized Variables",
      "description": [
        "When JavaScript variables are declared, they have an initial value of <code>undefined</code>. If you do a mathematical operation on an <code>undefined</code> variable your result will be <code>NaN</code> which means <dfn>\"Not a Number\"</dfn>. If you concatenate a string with an <code>undefined</code> variable, you will get a literal <dfn>string</dfn> of <code>\"undefined\"</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Initialize the three variables <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, and <code>c</code> with <code>5</code>, <code>10</code>, and <code>\"I am a\"</code> respectively so that they will not be <code>undefined</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Initialize these three variables",
        "var a;",
        "var b;",
        "var c;",
        "",
        "// Do not change code below this line",
        "",
        "a = a + 1;",
        "b = b + 5;",
        "c = c + \" String!\";",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b,c){ return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b + \", c = '\" + c + \"'\"; })(a,b,c);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 5;\nvar b = 10;\nvar c = \"I am a\";\na = a + 1;\nb = b + 5;\nc = c + \" String!\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof a === 'number' && a === 6, 'message: <code>a</code> should be defined and evaluated to have the value of <code>6</code>');",
        "assert(typeof b === 'number' && b === 15, 'message: <code>b</code> should be defined and evaluated to have the value of <code>15</code>');",
        "assert(!/undefined/.test(c) && c === \"I am a String!\", 'message: <code>c</code> should not contain <code>undefined</code> and should have a value of \"I am a String!\"');",
        "assert(/a = a \\+ 1;/.test(code) && /b = b \\+ 5;/.test(code) && /c = c \\+ \" String!\";/.test(code), 'message: Do not change code below the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Entendiendo variables sin inicializar",
          "description": [
            "Cuando las variables de JavaScript son declaradas, ellas tienen un valor inicial de <code>undefined</code>. Si tu haces una operación matematica sobre una variable <code>undefined</code> tu resultado sera <code>NaN</code> el cual significa <dfn>\"Not a Number\"</dfn> es decir \"No es un número\". Si tu concatenas una cadena con una variable <code>undefined</code>, vas a obtener una <dfn>cadena</dfn> literal de <code>\"undefined\"</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Inicializa las tres variables <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, y <code>c</code> con <code>5</code>, <code>10</code>, y <code>\"I am a\"</code> respectivamente de manera que no sean <code>undefined</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ab",
      "title": "Understanding Case Sensitivity in Variables",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript all variables and function names are case sensitive. This means that capitalization matters.",
        "<code>MYVAR</code> is not the same as <code>MyVar</code> nor <code>myvar</code>. It is possible to have multiple distinct variables with the same name but different casing. It is strongly recommended that for the sake of clarity, you <em>do not</em> use this language feature.",
        "<h4>Best Practice</h4>",
        "Write variable names in Javascript in <dfn>camelCase</dfn>. In <dfn>camelCase</dfn>, multi-word variable names have the first word in lowercase and the first letter of each subsequent word is capitalized.",
        "<strong>Examples:</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var someVariable;<br>var anotherVariableName;<br>var thisVariableNameIsSoLong;</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the existing declarations and assignments so their names use <dfn>camelCase</dfn>.<br>Do not create any new variables."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Declarations",
        "var StUdLyCapVaR;",
        "var properCamelCase;",
        "var TitleCaseOver;",
        "",
        "// Assignments",
        "STUDLYCAPVAR = 10;",
        "PRoperCAmelCAse = \"A String\";",
        "tITLEcASEoVER = 9000;"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var studlyCapVar;\nvar properCamelCase;\nvar titleCaseOver;\n\nstudlyCapVar = 10;\nproperCamelCase = \"A String\";\ntitleCaseOver = 9000;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof studlyCapVar !== 'undefined' && studlyCapVar === 10, 'message: <code>studlyCapVar</code> is defined and has a value of <code>10</code>');",
        "assert(typeof properCamelCase !== 'undefined' && properCamelCase === \"A String\", 'message: <code>properCamelCase</code> is defined and has a value of <code>\"A String\"</code>');",
        "assert(typeof titleCaseOver !== 'undefined' && titleCaseOver === 9000, 'message: <code>titleCaseOver</code> is defined and has a value of <code>9000</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/studlyCapVar/g).length === 2, 'message: <code>studlyCapVar</code> should use camelCase in both declaration and assignment sections.');",
        "assert(code.match(/properCamelCase/g).length === 2, 'message: <code>properCamelCase</code> should use camelCase in both declaration and assignment sections.');",
        "assert(code.match(/titleCaseOver/g).length === 2, 'message: <code>titleCaseOver</code> should use camelCase in both declaration and assignment sections.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Entendiendo la distinción en variables",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript todas las variables y nombres de funciones distinguen entre mayúsculas y minúsculas. Esto significa que la capitalización importa.",
            "<code>MIVAR</code> no es lo mismo que <code>MiVar</code> o <code>mivar</code>. Esto hace posible tener múltiples variables distintas con el mismo nombre pero de diferente manera. Es fuertemente recomendado por el bien de la claridad, que tu <em>no</em> uses esta característica del lenguaje.",
            "<h4>Mejor Práctica</h4>",
            "Escribe nombres de variables en Javascript en <dfn>capitalizaciónCamello (camelCase)</dfn>. En <dfn>capitalizaciónCamello</dfn>, los nombres de variables con múltiples palabras tienen la primera palabra en minúsculas y la primera letra de cada palabra subsecuente es capitalizada.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos:</strong>",
            "<blockquote>var algunaVariable;<br>var otraVariable;<br>var esteNombreDeVariableEsMuyLargo;</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Repara las declaraciones y asignaciones de variables de manera que sus nombres usen <dfn>capitalizaciónCamello</dfn>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb3bdef",
      "title": "Add Two Numbers with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "<code>Number</code> is a data type in JavaScript which represents numeric data.",
        "Now let's try to add two numbers using JavaScript.",
        "JavaScript uses the <code>+</code> symbol as addition operation when placed between two numbers.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>myVar = 5 + 10; // assigned 15</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0</code> so that sum will equal <code>20</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var sum = 10 + 0;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'sum = '+z;})(sum);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var sum = 10 + 10;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(sum === 20, 'message: <code>sum</code> should equal <code>20</code>');",
        "assert(/\\+/.test(code), 'message: Use the <code>+</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Suma dos números con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Intentemos sumar dos números con JavaScript.",
            "JavaScript utiliza el símbolo <code>+</code> para la adición.",
            "Cambie el <code>0</code> para que la suma seá igual a <code>20</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb4bdef",
      "title": "Subtract One Number from Another with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "We can also subtract one number from another.",
        "JavaScript uses the <code>-</code> symbol for subtraction.",
        "",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>myVar = 12 - 6; // assigned 6</blockquote>",
        "",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0</code> so the difference is <code>12</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var difference = 45 - 0;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'difference = '+z;})(difference);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var difference = 45 - 33;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(difference === 12, 'message: Make the variable <code>difference</code> equal 12.');",
        "assert(/var\\s*difference\\s*=\\s*45\\s*-\\s*[0-9]*;(?!\\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+)/.test(code),'message: Only subtract one number from 45.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Resta un número de otro con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "También podemos restar un número de otro.",
            "JavaScript utiliza el símbolo <code>-</code> de sustracción",
            "Cambia el <code>0</code> para que la diferencia sea <code>12</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1231c1c11feddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Multiply Two Numbers with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "We can also multiply one number by another.",
        "JavaScript uses the <code>*</code> symbol for multiplication of two numbers.",
        "",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>myVar = 13 * 13; // assigned 169</blockquote>",
        "",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0</code> so that product will equal <code>80</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var product = 8 * 0;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'product = '+z;})(product);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var product = 8 * 10;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(product === 80,'message: Make the variable <code>product</code> equal 80');",
        "assert(/\\*/.test(code), 'message: Use the <code>*</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Multiplica dos números con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "También podemos multiplicar un número por otro.",
            "JavaScript utiliza el símbolo <code>*</code> de la multiplicación.",
            "Cambie el <code>0</code> para que el producto sea igual a <code>80</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb6bdef",
      "title": "Divide One Number by Another with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "We can also divide one number by another.",
        "JavaScript uses the <code>/</code> symbol for division.",
        "",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>myVar = 16 / 2; // assigned 8</blockquote>",
        "",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0</code> so that the <code>quotient</code> is equal to <code>2</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var quotient = 66 / 0;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'quotient = '+z;})(quotient);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var quotient = 66 / 33;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(quotient === 2, 'message: Make the variable <code>quotient</code> equal to 2.');",
        "assert(/\\d+\\s*\\/\\s*\\d+/.test(code), 'message: Use the <code>/</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Divide un número por otro con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "También podemos dividir un número por otro.",
            "JavaScript utiliza el símbolo <code>/</code> para dividir.",
            "Cambia el <code>0</code> para que el cociente sea igual a <code>2</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ac",
      "title": "Increment a Number with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "You can easily <dfn>increment</dfn> or add one to a variable with the <code>++</code> operator.",
        "<code>i++;</code>",
        "is the equivalent of",
        "<code>i = i + 1;</code>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>The entire line becomes <code>i++;</code>, eliminating the need for the equal sign.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the code to use the <code>++</code> operator on <code>myVar</code>.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Learn more about <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Increment_()\" target=\"_blank\">Arithmetic operators - Increment (++)</a>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myVar = 87;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "myVar = myVar + 1;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'myVar = ' + z;})(myVar);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myVar = 87;\nmyVar++;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myVar === 88, 'message: <code>myVar</code> should equal <code>88</code>');",
        "assert(/var\\s*myVar\\s*=\\s*87;\\s*\\/*.*\\s*myVar\\+\\+;/.test(code), 'message: <code>myVar = myVar + 1;</code> should be changed');",
        "assert(/[+]{2}\\s*myVar|myVar\\s*[+]{2}/.test(code), 'message: Use the <code>++</code> operator');",
        "assert(/var myVar = 87;/.test(code), 'message: Do not change code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Incrementa un número con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Tu puedes fácilmente <dfn>incrementar</dfn> o agregar uno a una variable con el operador <code>++</code>.",
            "<code>i++</code>",
            "es el equivalente de",
            "<code>i = i + 1;</code>",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>Toda la línea equivale a <code>i++</code>, sin necesidad del signo igual.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia el código para usar el operador <code>++</code> sobre <code>myVar</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ad",
      "title": "Decrement a Number with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "You can easily <dfn>decrement</dfn> or decrease a variable by one with the <code>--</code> operator.",
        "<code>i--;</code>",
        "is the equivalent of",
        "<code>i = i - 1;</code>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>The entire line becomes <code>i--;</code>, eliminating the need for the equal sign.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the code to use the <code>--</code> operator on <code>myVar</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myVar = 11;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "myVar = myVar - 1;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'myVar = ' + z;})(myVar);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myVar = 11;\nmyVar--;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myVar === 10, 'message: <code>myVar</code> should equal <code>10</code>');",
        "assert(/var\\s*myVar\\s*=\\s*11;\\s*\\/*.*\\s*myVar--;/.test(code), 'message: <code>myVar = myVar - 1;</code> should be changed');",
        "assert(/[-]{2}\\s*myVar|myVar\\s*[-]{2}/.test(code), 'message: Use the <code>--</code> operator on <code>myVar</code>');",
        "assert(/var myVar = 11;/.test(code), 'message: Do not change code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Decrementar un número con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Fácilmente puedes <dfn>decrementar</dfn> o disminuir una variable por uno con el operador <code>--</code>.",
            "<code>i--;</code>",
            "es el equivalente a",
            "<code>i = i - 1;</code>",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>Toda la línea equivale a <code>i--;</code>, sin necesidad del signo igual.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia el código para usar el operador <code>--</code> en <code>myVar</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1391c1c11feddfaeb4bdef",
      "title": "Create Decimal Numbers with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "We can store decimal numbers in variables too. Decimal numbers are sometimes referred to as <dfn>floating point</dfn> numbers or <dfn>floats</dfn>.",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>Not all real numbers can accurately be represented in <dfn>floating point</dfn>. This can lead to rounding errors. <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems\" target=\"_blank\">Details Here</a>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a variable <code>myDecimal</code> and give it a decimal value with a fractional part (e.g. <code>5.7</code>)."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var ourDecimal = 5.7;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){if(typeof myDecimal !== \"undefined\"){return myDecimal;}})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myDecimal = 9.9;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myDecimal === \"number\", 'message: <code>myDecimal</code> should be a number.');",
        "assert(myDecimal % 1 != 0, 'message: <code>myDecimal</code> should have a decimal point'); "
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Crea números decimales con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Podemos almacenar números decimales en variables también. Los números decimales a veces son referidos como números de <dfn>punto flotante</dfn> o <dfn>flotantes</dfn>.",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>No todos los números reales pueden ser exactamente representados en <dfn>punto flotante</dfn>. Esto puede conducir a errores de redondeo. <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_point#Accuracy_problems\" target=\"_blank\">Detalles aquí</a>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Crea una variable <code>myDecimal</code> y dale un valor decimal con una parte fraccional (p.e. <code>5.7</code>)."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7993c9c69feddfaeb7bdef",
      "title": "Multiply Two Decimals with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, you can also perform calculations with decimal numbers, just like whole numbers.",
        "Let's multiply two decimals together to get their product.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0.0</code> so that product will equal <code>5.0</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var product = 2.0 * 0.0;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y){return 'product = '+y;})(product);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var product = 2.0 * 2.5;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(product === 5.0, 'message: The variable <code>product</code> should equal <code>5.0</code>.');",
        "assert(/\\*/.test(code), 'message: You should use the <code>*</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Multiplicar dos decimales con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, también puedes realizar cálculos con números decimales, al igual que con números enteros.",
            "Vamos a multiplicar dos números decimales para obtener su producto.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia el <code>0.0</code> para que el producto sea igual a <code>5.0</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7993c9ca9feddfaeb7bdef",
      "title": "Divide One Decimal by Another with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "Now let's divide one decimal by another.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>0.0</code> so that <code>quotient</code> will equal to <code>2.2</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var quotient = 0.0 / 2.0; // Fix this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y){return 'quotient = '+y;})(quotient);"
      ],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(quotient === 2.2, 'message: The variable <code>quotient</code> should equal <code>2.2</code>');",
        "assert(/4\\.40*\\s*\\/\\s*2\\.*0*/.test(code), 'message: You should use the <code>/</code> operator to divide 4.4 by 2');",
        "assert(code.match(/quotient/g).length === 1, 'message: The quotient variable should only be assigned once');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Divide un número decimal por otro con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Ahora vamos a dividir un decimal por otro.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia el <code>0.0</code> para que tu cociente sea igual a <code>2.2</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ae",
      "title": "Finding a Remainder in JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "The <dfn>remainder</dfn> operator <code>%</code> gives the remainder of the division of two numbers.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>5 % 2 = 1 because<br>Math.floor(5 / 2) = 2 (Quotient)<br>2 * 2 = 4<br>5 - 4 = 1 (Remainder)</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Usage</strong><br>In mathematics, a number can be checked to be even or odd by checking the remainder of the division of the number by <code>2</code>.",
        "<blockquote>17 % 2 = 1 (17 is Odd)<br>48 % 2 = 0 (48 is Even)</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>The <dfn>remainder</dfn> operator is sometimes incorrectly referred to as  the \"modulus\" operator. It is very similar to modulus, but does not work properly with negative numbers.",
        "<hr>",
        "Set <code>remainder</code> equal to the remainder of <code>11</code> divided by <code>3</code> using the <dfn>remainder</dfn> (<code>%</code>) operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var remainder;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y){return 'remainder = '+y;})(remainder);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var remainder =  11 % 3;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/var\\s+?remainder/.test(code), 'message: The variable <code>remainder</code> should be initialized');",
        "assert(remainder === 2, 'message: The value of <code>remainder</code> should be <code>2</code>');",
        "assert(/\\s+?remainder\\s*?=\\s*?.*%.*;/.test(code), 'message: You should use the <code>%</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Encontrar un cociente en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "El operador <dfn>residuo</dfn> <code>%</code> da el residuo de la división de dos números.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>5 % 2 = 1 por que<br>Math.floor(5 / 2) = 2 (Cociente)<br>2 * 2 = 4<br>5 - 4 = 1 (Residuo)</blockquote>",
            "<strong>Uso</strong><br>En matemáticas, se puede comprobar si un número es par o impar revisando en residuo de la división del número por <code>2</code>.",
            "<blockquote>17 % 2 = 1 (17 es Impar)<br>48 % 2 = 0 (48 es Par)</blockquote>",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>El operador <dfn>residuo</dfn> es a veces incorrectamente referenciado como el operador \"módulo\". Este es muy parecido a módulo, pero no trabaja apropiadamente con números negativos.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Asigna <code>remainder</code> igual al residuo de <code>11</code> dividido por <code>3</code> usando el operador <dfn>residuo</dfn> (<code>%</code>)."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244af",
      "title": "Compound Assignment With Augmented Addition",
      "description": [
        "In programming, it is common to use assignments to modify the contents of a variable. Remember that everything to the right of the equals sign is evaluated first, so we can say:",
        "<code>myVar = myVar + 5;</code>",
        "to add <code>5</code> to <code>myVar</code>. Since this is such a common pattern, there are operators which do both a mathematical operation and assignment in one step.",
        "One such operator is the <code>+=</code> operator.",
        "<blockquote>var myVar = 1;<br>myVar += 5;<br>console.log(myVar); // Returns 6</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the assignments for <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, and <code>c</code> to use the <code>+=</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var a = 3;",
        "var b = 17;",
        "var c = 12;",
        "",
        "// Only modify code below this line",
        "",
        "a = a + 12;",
        "b = 9 + b;",
        "c = c + 7;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b,c){ return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b + \", c = \" + c; })(a,b,c);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 3;\nvar b = 17;\nvar c = 12;\n\na += 12;\nb += 9;\nc += 7;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(a === 15, 'message: <code>a</code> should equal <code>15</code>');",
        "assert(b === 26, 'message: <code>b</code> should equal <code>26</code>');",
        "assert(c === 19, 'message: <code>c</code> should equal <code>19</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\+=/g).length === 3, 'message: You should use the <code>+=</code> operator for each variable');",
        "assert(/var a = 3;/.test(code) && /var b = 17;/.test(code) && /var c = 12;/.test(code), 'message: Do not modify the code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Asignación con más",
          "description": [
            "En programación, es común usar asignaciones para modificar el contenido de una variable. Recuerda que todo lo de la derecha del signo igual es evaluado primero, así podemos decir que:",
            "<code>miVar = miVar + 5;</code>",
            "para agregar <code>5</code> a <code>miVar</code>. Dado que este es un patrón común, hay operadores que realizan tanto una operación matemática como una asignación en un paso.",
            "Uno de tales operadores es el operador <code>+=</code>.",
            "<code>miVar += 5;</code> añadirá <code>5</code> a <code>miVar</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte las asignaciones para <code>a</code>, <code>b</code> y <code>c</code> usando el operador <code>+=</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b0",
      "title": "Compound Assignment With Augmented Subtraction",
      "description": [
        "Like the <code>+=</code> operator, <code>-=</code> subtracts a number from a variable.",
        "<code>myVar = myVar - 5;</code>",
        "will subtract <code>5</code> from <code>myVar</code>. This can be rewritten as: ",
        "<code>myVar -= 5;</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the assignments for <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, and <code>c</code> to use the <code>-=</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var a = 11;",
        "var b = 9;",
        "var c = 3;",
        "",
        "// Only modify code below this line",
        "",
        "a = a - 6;",
        "b = b - 15;",
        "c = c - 1;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b,c){ return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b + \", c = \" + c; })(a,b,c);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 11;\nvar b = 9;\nvar c = 3;\n\na -= 6;\nb -= 15;\nc -= 1;\n\n"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(a === 5, 'message: <code>a</code> should equal <code>5</code>');",
        "assert(b === -6, 'message: <code>b</code> should equal <code>-6</code>');",
        "assert(c === 2, 'message: <code>c</code> should equal <code>2</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/-=/g).length === 3, 'message: You should use the <code>-=</code> operator for each variable');",
        "assert(/var a = 11;/.test(code) && /var b = 9;/.test(code) && /var c = 3;/.test(code), 'message: Do not modify the code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Asignación con menos",
          "description": [
            "Al igual que el operador <code>+=</code>, <code>-=</code> substrae un número de una variable.",
            "<code>miVar = miVar - 5;</code>",
            "substraerá <code>5</code> de <code>miVar</code>. Esto puede ser reescrito como: ",
            "<code>miVar -= 5;</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte las asignaciones para <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, y <code>c</code> para usar el operador <code>-=</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b1",
      "title": "Compound Assignment With Augmented Multiplication",
      "description": [
        "The <code>*=</code> operator multiplies a variable by a number.",
        "<code>myVar = myVar * 5;</code>",
        "will multiply <code>myVar</code> by <code>5</code>. This can be rewritten as: ",
        "<code>myVar *= 5;</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the assignments for <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, and <code>c</code> to use the <code>*=</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var a = 5;",
        "var b = 12;",
        "var c = 4.6;",
        "",
        "// Only modify code below this line",
        "",
        "a = a * 5;",
        "b = 3 * b;",
        "c = c * 10;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b,c){ return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b + \", c = \" + c; })(a,b,c);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 5;\nvar b = 12;\nvar c = 4.6;\n\na *= 5;\nb *= 3;\nc *= 10;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(a === 25, 'message: <code>a</code> should equal <code>25</code>');",
        "assert(b === 36, 'message: <code>b</code> should equal <code>36</code>');",
        "assert(c === 46, 'message: <code>c</code> should equal <code>46</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\*=/g).length === 3, 'message: You should use the <code>*=</code> operator for each variable');",
        "assert(/var a = 5;/.test(code) && /var b = 12;/.test(code) && /var c = 4\\.6;/.test(code), 'message: Do not modify the code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Asignación con veces igual",
          "description": [
            "El operador <code>*=</code> multiplica una variable por un número.",
            "<code>miVar = miVar * 5;</code>",
            "multiplicará <code>miVar</code> por <code>5</code>. Esto puede ser reescrito como: ",
            "<code>miVar *= 5;</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte las asignaciones para <code>a</code>, <code>b</code> y <code>c</code> usando el operador <code>*=</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b2",
      "title": "Compound Assignment With Augmented Division",
      "description": [
        "The <code>/=</code> operator divides a variable by another number.",
        "<code>myVar = myVar / 5;</code>",
        "Will divide <code>myVar</code> by <code>5</code>. This can be rewritten as: ",
        "<code>myVar /= 5;</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the assignments for <code>a</code>, <code>b</code>, and <code>c</code> to use the <code>/=</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var a = 48;",
        "var b = 108;",
        "var c = 33;",
        "",
        "// Only modify code below this line",
        "",
        "a = a / 12;",
        "b = b / 4;",
        "c = c / 11;",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b,c){ return \"a = \" + a + \", b = \" + b + \", c = \" + c; })(a,b,c);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var a = 48;\nvar b = 108;\nvar c = 33;\n\na /= 12;\nb /= 4;\nc /= 11;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(a === 4, 'message: <code>a</code> should equal <code>4</code>');",
        "assert(b === 27, 'message: <code>b</code> should equal <code>27</code>');",
        "assert(c === 3, 'message: <code>c</code> should equal <code>3</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\/=/g).length === 3, 'message: You should use the <code>/=</code> operator for each variable');",
        "assert(/var a = 48;/.test(code) && /var b = 108;/.test(code) && /var c = 33;/.test(code), 'message: Do not modify the code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Asignación con división",
          "description": [
            "El operador <code>/=</code> divide una variable por otro número.",
            "<code>miVar = miVar / 5;</code>",
            "Dividirá <code>miVar</code> por <code>5</code>. Esto puede ser reescrito como: ",
            "<code>miVar /= 5;</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte las asignaciones para <code>a</code>, <code>b</code> y <code>c</code> para usar el operador <code>/=</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c444eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Declare String Variables",
      "description": [
        "Previously we have used the code",
        "<code>var myName = \"your name\";</code>",
        "<code>\"your name\"</code> is called a <dfn>string</dfn> <dfn>literal</dfn>. It is a string because it is a series of zero or more characters enclosed in single or double quotes.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create two new <code>string</code> variables: <code>myFirstName</code> and <code>myLastName</code> and assign them the values of your first and last name, respectively."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstName = \"Alan\";",
        "var lastName = \"Turing\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myFirstName !== \"undefined\" && typeof myLastName !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myFirstName + ', ' + myLastName;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myFirstName = \"Alan\";\nvar myLastName = \"Turing\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(){if(typeof myFirstName !== \"undefined\" && typeof myFirstName === \"string\" && myFirstName.length > 0){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: <code>myFirstName</code> should be a string with at least one character in it.');",
        "assert((function(){if(typeof myLastName !== \"undefined\" && typeof myLastName === \"string\" && myLastName.length > 0){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: <code>myLastName</code> should be a string with at least one character in it.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Declara variables tipo cadena",
          "description": [
            "En el reto anterior, se utilizó el código <code>myName var = \"su nombre\"</code>. Esto es lo que llamamos una variable tipo <code>cadena</code>. No es nada más que una \"cadena\" de caracteres. Las cadenas en JavaScript siempre se encierran entre comillas. ",
            "Ahora vamos a crear dos nuevas variables tipo cadena: <code>myFirstName</code> y <code>myLastName</code> y asignarles los valores de tu nombre y tu apellido, respectivamente."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b5",
      "title": "Escaping Literal Quotes in Strings",
      "description": [
        "When you are defining a string you must start and end with a single or double quote. What happens when you need a literal quote: <code>\"</code> or <code>'</code> inside of your string?",
        "In JavaScript, you can <dfn>escape</dfn> a quote from considering it as an end of string quote by placing a <dfn>backslash</dfn> (<code>\\</code>) in front of the quote.",
        "<code>var sampleStr = \"Alan said, \\\"Peter is learning JavaScript\\\".\";</code>",
        "This signals to JavaScript that the following quote is not the end of the string, but should instead appear inside the string. So if you were to print this to the console, you would get:",
        "<code>Alan said, \"Peter is learning JavaScript\".</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <dfn>backslashes</dfn> to assign a string to the <code>myStr</code> variable so that if you were to print it to the console, you would see:",
        "<code>I am a \"double quoted\" string inside \"double quotes\".</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myStr = \"\"; // Change this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "  if(typeof myStr === 'string') {",
        "    console.log(\"myStr = \\\"\" + myStr + \"\\\"\");",
        "  } else {",
        "    console.log(\"myStr is undefined\");",
        "  }",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/\\\\\"/g).length === 4 && code.match(/[^\\\\]\"/g).length === 2, 'message: You should use two double quotes (<code>&quot;</code>) and four escaped double quotes (<code>&#92;&quot;</code>).');",
        "assert(myStr === \"I am a \\\"double quoted\\\" string inside \\\"double quotes\\\".\", 'message: Variable myStr should contain the string: <code>I am a \"double quoted\" string inside \"double quotes\".</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Escapar comillas en cadenas de texto",
          "description": [
            "Cuando estás definiendo una cadena debes iniciar y terminar con apóstrofes o comillas. ¿Qué pasa cuando necesitas una comilla: <code>\"</code> o <code>'</code> dentro de tu cadena?",
            "En JavaScript, tu puedes <dfn>escapar</dfn> unas comillas para diferenciarlas de las comillas del final de la cadena colocando una <dfn>barra invertida</dfn> (<code>\\</code>) antes de la cita.",
            "<code>var cadenaEjem = \"Alan dijo, \\\"Pedro está aprendiendo JavaScript\\\".\";</code>",
            "Esto le indica a JavaScript que la comilla siguiente no es el fin de la cadena, sino que debe aparecer dentro de la cadena. Así que si fueras a imprimir esto en la consola, tu obtendrías:",
            "<code>Alan dijo, \"Pedro está aprendiendo JavaScript\".<code>",
            "<h4>Instructiones</h4>",
            "Usa <dfn>barras invertidas</dfn>para asigar una cadena a la variable <code>myStr</code> de modo que <em>si</em> tu fueras a imprimirla en la consola, tu verías:",
            "<code>I am a \"double quoted\" string inside \"double quotes\".</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b4",
      "title": "Quoting Strings with Single Quotes",
      "description": [
        "<dfn>String</dfn> values in JavaScript may be written with single or double quotes, as long as you start and end with the same type of quote. Unlike some other programming languages, single and double quotes work the same in JavaScript.",
        "<blockquote>doubleQuoteStr = \"This is a string\"; <br/>singleQuoteStr = 'This is also a string';</blockquote>",
        "The reason why you might want to use one type of quote over the other is if you want to use both in a string. This might happen if you want to save a conversation in a string and have the conversation in quotes. Another use for it would be saving an <code>&#60;a&#62;</code> tag with various attributes in quotes, all within a string.",
        "<blockquote>conversation = 'Finn exclaims to Jake, \"Algebraic!\"';</blockquote>",
        "However, this becomes a problem if you need to use the outermost quotes within it. Remember, a string has the same kind of quote at the beginning and end. But if you have that same quote somewhere in the middle, the string will stop early and throw an error.",
        "<blockquote>goodStr = 'Jake asks Finn, \"Hey, let\\'s go on an adventure?\"'; <br/>badStr = 'Finn responds, \"Let's go!\"'; // Throws an error</blockquote>",
        "In the <dfn>goodStr</dfn> above, you can use both quotes safely by using the backslash <code>\\</code> as an escape character.",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br/>The backslash <code>\\</code> should not be be confused with the forward slash <code>/</code>. They do not do the same thing.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the provided string to a string with single quotes at the beginning and end and no escape characters.",
        "Right now, the <code>&#60;a&#62;</code> tag in the string uses double quotes everywhere. You will need to change the outer quotes to single quotes so you can remove the escape characters."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myStr = \"<a href=\\\"http://www.example.com\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">Link</a>\";",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function() { return \"myStr = \" + myStr; })();"
      ],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(!/\\\\/g.test(code) && myStr.match('\\\\s*<a href\\\\s*=\\\\s*\"http://www.example.com\"\\\\s*target\\\\s*=\\\\s*\"_blank\">\\\\s*Link\\\\s*</a>\\\\s*'), 'message: Remove all the <code>backslashes</code> (<code>\\</code>)');",
        "assert(code.match(/\"/g).length === 4 && code.match(/'/g).length === 2, 'message: You should have two single quotes <code>&#39;</code> and four double quotes <code>&quot;</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Citando cadenas con comillas simples",
          "description": [
            "Los valores de <dfn>Cadenas</dfn> en JavaScript pueden ser escritos con comillas o apóstrofes, siempre y cuando inicien y terminen con el mismo tipo de cita. A diferencia de algunos lenguajes, apóstrofes y comillas son funcionalmente identicas en JavaScript.",
            "<code>\"Esta cadena tiene \\\"comillas\\\" en esta\"</code>",
            "La ventaja de usar una o la otra tiene que ver con la necesidad de <code>escapar</code> comillas. Si tu tienes una cadena con algunas comillas, esta puede ser difícil de leer y escribir. En su lugar, usa apóstrofes:",
            "<code>'Esta cadena tiene \"comillas\" en esta. Y \"probablemente\" muchas de ellas.'</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia la cadena dada de comillas a apóstrofes y quita el escape."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b6",
      "title": "Escape Sequences in Strings",
      "description": [
        "Quotes are not the only characters that can be <dfn>escaped</dfn> inside a string. There are two reasons to use escaping characters: First is to allow you to use characters you might not otherwise be able to type out, such as a backspace. Second is to allow you to represent multiple quotes in a string without JavaScript misinterpreting what you mean. We learned this in the previous challenge.",
        "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Code</th><th>Output</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>\\'</code></td><td>single quote</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\\"</code></td><td>double quote</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\\\</code></td><td>backslash</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\n</code></td><td>newline</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\r</code></td><td>carriage return</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\t</code></td><td>tab</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\b</code></td><td>backspace</td></tr><tr><td><code>\\f</code></td><td>form feed</td></tr></tbody></table>",
        "<em>Note that the backslash itself must be escaped in order to display as a backslash.</em>",
        "<hr>",
        "Assign the following three lines of text into the single variable <code>myStr</code> using escape sequences.",
        "<blockquote>FirstLine<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\\SecondLine<br/>ThirdLine</blockquote>",
        "You will need to use escape sequences to insert special characters correctly. You will also need to follow the spacing as it looks above, with no spaces between escape sequences or words.",
        "Here is the text with the escape sequences written out.",
        "<q>FirstLine<code>newline</code><code>tab</code><code>backslash</code>SecondLine<code>newline</code>ThirdLine</q>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myStr; // Change this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "if (myStr !== undefined){",
        "console.log('myStr:\\n' + myStr);}})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myStr = \"FirstLine\\n\\t\\\\SecondLine\\nThirdLine\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(!/ /.test(myStr), 'message: <code>myStr</code> should not contain any spaces');",
        "assert(/FirstLine/.test(myStr) && /SecondLine/.test(myStr) && /ThirdLine/.test(myStr), 'message: <code>myStr</code> should contain the strings <code>FirstLine</code>, <code>SecondLine</code> and <code>ThirdLine</code> (remember case sensitivity)');",
        "assert(/FirstLine\\n/.test(myStr), 'message: <code>FirstLine</code> should be followed by the newline character <code>\\n</code>');",
        "assert(/\\n\\t/.test(myStr), 'message: <code>myStr</code> should contain a tab character <code>\\t</code> which follows a newline character');",
        "assert(/\\SecondLine/.test(myStr), 'message: <code>SecondLine</code> should be preceded by the backslash character <code>\\\\</code>');",
        "assert(/SecondLine\\nThirdLine/.test(myStr), 'message: There should be a newline character between <code>SecondLine</code> and <code>ThirdLine</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Secuencias de escape en cadenas",
          "description": [
            "Las comillas no son el único caracter que puede ser <dfn>escapado</dfn> dentro de una cadena. Aquí ahí una tabla de secuencias de escape comunes:",
            "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Código</th><th>Salida</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>\\'</td><td>apostrofe</td></tr><tr><td>\\\"</td><td>comilla</td></tr><tr><td>\\\\</td><td>barra invertida</td></tr><tr><td>\\n</td><td>nueva línea</td></tr><tr><td>\\r</td><td>retorno de carro</td></tr><tr><td>\\t</td><td>tabulación</td></tr><tr><td>\\b</td><td>retroceso</td></tr><tr><td>\\f</td><td>salto de página</td></tr></tbody></table>",
            "<em>Nota que la barra invertida por si misma tiene que ser escapada con el fin de mostrarse como una barra invertida.</em>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Codifica la siguiente secuencia, separada por espacios:<br><q>FirstLine<code>nueva línea</code><code>tabulación</code><code>barra invertida</code>SecondLine<code>nueva línea</code>ThirdLine</q>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b7",
      "title": "Concatenating Strings with Plus Operator",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, when the <code>+</code> operator is used with a <code>String</code> value, it is called the <dfn>concatenation</dfn> operator. You can build a new string out of other strings by <dfn>concatenating</dfn> them together.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>'My name is Alan,' + ' I concatenate.'</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>Watch out for spaces. Concatenation does not add spaces between concatenated strings, so you'll need to add them yourself.",
        "<hr>",
        "Build <code>myStr</code> from the strings <code>\"This is the start. \"</code> and <code>\"This is the end.\"</code> using the <code>+</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourStr = \"I come first. \" + \"I come second.\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var myStr;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "  if(typeof myStr === 'string') {",
        "    return 'myStr = \"' + myStr + '\"';",
        "  } else {",
        "    return 'myStr is not a string';",
        "  }",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourStr = \"I come first. \" + \"I come second.\";\nvar myStr = \"This is the start. \" + \"This is the end.\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myStr === \"This is the start. This is the end.\", 'message: <code>myStr</code> should have a value of <code>This is the start. This is the end.</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/([\"']).*([\"'])\\s*\\+\\s*([\"']).*([\"'])/g).length > 1, 'message: Use the <code>+</code> operator to build <code>myStr</code>');",
        "assert(/var\\s+myStr/.test(code), 'message: <code>myStr</code> should be created using the <code>var</code> keyword.');",
        "assert(/myStr\\s*=/.test(code), 'message: Make sure to assign the result to the <code>myStr</code> variable.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Concatenar cadenas con el operador más",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, cuando el operador <code>+</code> es usado con un valor de <code>Cadena</code>, este es llamado el operador <dfn>concatenación</dfn>. Tu puedes construir una nueva cadena de otras cadenas <dfn>concatenandolas</dfn> juntas.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>'Mi nombre es Alan,' + ' Yo concateno.'<blockquote>",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>Cuidado con los espacios. La concatenación no agrega espacios entre cadenas concatenadas, así que necesitarás agregarlos tu mismo.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Construye <code>myStr</code> con las cadenas <code>\"This is the start. \"</code> y <code>\"This is the end.\"</code> usando el operador<code>+</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b8",
      "title": "Concatenating Strings with the Plus Equals Operator",
      "description": [
        "We can also use the <code>+=</code> operator to <dfn>concatenate</dfn> a string onto the end of an existing string variable. This can be very helpful to break a long string over several lines.",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>Watch out for spaces. Concatenation does not add spaces between concatenated strings, so you'll need to add them yourself.",
        "<hr>",
        "Build <code>myStr</code> over several lines by concatenating these two strings: <code>\"This is the first sentence. \"</code> and <code>\"This is the second sentence.\"</code> using the <code>+=</code> operator. Use the <code>+=</code> operator similar to how it is shown in the editor. Start by assigning the first string to <code>myStr</code>, then add on the second string."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourStr = \"I come first. \";",
        "ourStr += \"I come second.\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var myStr;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "  if(typeof myStr === 'string') {",
        "    return 'myStr = \"' + myStr + '\"';",
        "  } else {",
        "    return 'myStr is not a string';",
        "  }",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourStr = \"I come first. \";\nourStr += \"I come second.\";\n\nvar myStr = \"This is the first sentence. \";\nmyStr += \"This is the second sentence.\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myStr === \"This is the first sentence. This is the second sentence.\", 'message: <code>myStr</code> should have a value of <code>This is the first sentence. This is the second sentence.</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\w\\s*\\+=\\s*[\"']/g).length > 1 && code.match(/\\w\\s*\\=\\s*[\"']/g).length > 1, 'message: Use the <code>+=</code> operator to build <code>myStr</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Concatenar cadenas con el operador mas igual",
          "description": [
            "Nosotros también podemos usar el operador <code>+=</code> para <dfn>concatenar</dfn> una cadena al final de una variable de cadena existente. Esto puede ser muy útil para romper una cadena larga sobre varias líneas.",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>Cuidado con los espacios. La concatenación no agrega espacios entre cadenas concatenadas, así que necesitarás añadirlos tu mismo.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Construye <code>myStr</code> sobre varias líneas concatenando estas dos cadenas:<br><code>\"This is the first sentence. \"</code> y <code>\"This is the second sentence.\"</code> usando el operador <code>+=</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244b9",
      "title": "Constructing Strings with Variables",
      "description": [
        "Sometimes you will need to build a string, <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs\" target=\"_blank\">Mad Libs</a> style. By using the concatenation operator (<code>+</code>), you can insert one or more variables into a string you're building.",
        "<hr>",
        "Set <code>myName</code> to a string equal to your name and build <code>myStr</code> with <code>myName</code> between the strings <code>\"My name is \"</code> and <code>\" and I am well!\"</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourName = \"freeCodeCamp\";",
        "var ourStr = \"Hello, our name is \" + ourName + \", how are you?\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "var myName;",
        "var myStr;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "  var output = [];",
        "  if(typeof myName === 'string') {",
        "    output.push('myName = \"' + myName + '\"');",
        "  } else {",
        "    output.push('myName is not a string');",
        "  }",
        "  if(typeof myStr === 'string') {",
        "    output.push('myStr = \"' + myStr + '\"');",
        "  } else {",
        "    output.push('myStr is not a string');",
        "  }",
        "  return output.join('\\n');",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myName = \"Bob\";\nvar myStr = \"My name is \" + myName + \" and I am well!\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myName !== 'undefined' && myName.length > 2, 'message: <code>myName</code> should be set to a string at least 3 characters long');",
        "assert(code.match(/[\"']\\s*\\+\\s*myName\\s*\\+\\s*[\"']/g).length > 0, 'message: Use two <code>+</code> operators to build <code>myStr</code> with <code>myName</code> inside it');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Construir cadenas con variables",
          "description": [
            "A veces necesitarás construir una cadena, al estilo <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs\" target=\"_blank\">Mad Libs</a>. Mediante el uso del operador concatenación (<code>+</code>), puedes insertar una o más variables dentro de una cadena que estés construyendo.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Asigna <code>myName</code> a una cadena igual a tu nombre y construye <code>myStr</code> con <code>myName</code> entre las cadenas <code>\"My name is \"</code> and <code>\" and I am well!\"</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ed",
      "title": "Appending Variables to Strings",
      "description": [
        "Just as we can build a string over multiple lines out of string <dfn>literals</dfn>, we can also append variables to a string using the plus equals (<code>+=</code>) operator.",
        "<hr>",
        "Set <code>someAdjective</code> and append it to <code>myStr</code> using the <code>+=</code> operator."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var anAdjective = \"awesome!\";",
        "var ourStr = \"freeCodeCamp is \";",
        "ourStr += anAdjective;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var someAdjective;",
        "var myStr = \"Learning to code is \";",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){",
        "  var output = [];",
        "  if(typeof someAdjective === 'string') {",
        "    output.push('someAdjective = \"' + someAdjective + '\"');",
        "  } else {",
        "    output.push('someAdjective is not a string');",
        "  }",
        "  if(typeof myStr === 'string') {",
        "    output.push('myStr = \"' + myStr + '\"');",
        "  } else {",
        "    output.push('myStr is not a string');",
        "  }",
        "  return output.join('\\n');",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var anAdjective = \"awesome!\";\nvar ourStr = \"freeCodeCamp is \";\nourStr += anAdjective;\n\nvar someAdjective = \"neat\";\nvar myStr = \"Learning to code is \";\nmyStr += someAdjective;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof someAdjective !== 'undefined' && someAdjective.length > 2, 'message: <code>someAdjective</code> should be set to a string at least 3 characters long');",
        "assert(code.match(/myStr\\s*\\+=\\s*someAdjective\\s*/).length > 0, 'message: Append <code>someAdjective</code> to <code>myStr</code> using the <code>+=</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Anexando variables a cadenas",
          "description": [
            "Al igual que podemos construir una cadena en múltiples líneas a partir de cadenas <dfn>literales</dfn>, nosotros podemos ademas anexar variables a una cadena usando el operador más igual (<code>+=</code>).",
            "<h4>Instructiones</h4>",
            "Asigna <code>someAdjective</code> y anexalo a <code>myStr</code> usando el operador <code>+=</code>."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/appending-variables-to-strings"
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c448eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Find the Length of a String",
      "description": [
        "You can find the length of a <code>String</code> value by writing <code>.length</code> after the string variable or string literal.",
        "<code>\"Alan Peter\".length; // 10</code>",
        "For example, if we created a variable <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code>, we could find out how long the string <code>\"Charles\"</code> is by using the <code>firstName.length</code> property.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>.length</code> property to count the number of characters in the <code>lastName</code> variable and assign it to <code>lastNameLength</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstNameLength = 0;",
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";",
        "",
        "firstNameLength = firstName.length;",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var lastNameLength = 0;",
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "lastNameLength = lastName;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof lastNameLength !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return lastNameLength;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var firstNameLength = 0;\nvar firstName = \"Ada\";\nfirstNameLength = firstName.length;\n\nvar lastNameLength = 0;\nvar lastName = \"Lovelace\";\nlastNameLength = lastName.length;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(){if(typeof lastNameLength !== \"undefined\" && typeof lastNameLength === \"number\" && lastNameLength === 8){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: <code>lastNameLength</code> should be equal to eight.');",
        "assert((function(){if(code.match(/\\.length/gi) && code.match(/\\.length/gi).length >= 2 && code.match(/var lastNameLength \\= 0;/gi) && code.match(/var lastNameLength \\= 0;/gi).length >= 1){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: You should be getting the length of <code>lastName</code> by using <code>.length</code> like this: <code>lastName.length</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Comprueba la propiedad longitud (length) de una variable tipo cadena",
          "description": [
            "Las <code>estructuras de datos</code> tienen <code>propiedades</code>. Por ejemplo, las <code>cadenas</code> tienen una propiedad llamada <code>.length </code> que te dirá cuántos caracteres hay en la cadena.",
            "Por ejemplo, si creamos una variable <code>var firstName=\"Charles\"</code>, podemos averiguar la longitud de la cadena \"Charles\" usando la propiedad <code>firstName.length</code>. ",
            "Usa la propiedad <code>.length</code> para contar el número de caracteres en el variable <code>lastName</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c549eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Use Bracket Notation to Find the First Character in a String",
      "description": [
        "<code>Bracket notation</code> is a way to get a character at a specific <code>index</code> within a string.",
        "Most modern programming languages, like JavaScript, don't start counting at 1 like humans do. They start at 0. This is referred to as <dfn>Zero-based</dfn> indexing.",
        "For example, the character at index 0 in the word \"Charles\" is \"C\". So if <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code>, you can get the value of the first letter of the string by using <code>firstName[0]</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <dfn>bracket notation</dfn> to find the first character in the <code>lastName</code> variable and assign it to <code>firstLetterOfLastName</code>.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Try looking at the <code>firstLetterOfFirstName</code> variable declaration if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstLetterOfFirstName = \"\";",
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";",
        "",
        "firstLetterOfFirstName = firstName[0];",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var firstLetterOfLastName = \"\";",
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "firstLetterOfLastName = lastName;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(v){return v;})(firstLetterOfLastName);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var firstLetterOfLastName = \"\";\nvar lastName = \"Lovelace\";\n\n// Only change code below this line\nfirstLetterOfLastName = lastName[0];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(firstLetterOfLastName === 'L', 'message: The <code>firstLetterOfLastName</code> variable should have the value of <code>L</code>.');",
        "assert(code.match(/firstLetterOfLastName\\s*?=\\s*?lastName\\[.*?\\]/), 'message: You should use bracket notation.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usa la notación de corchetes para encontrar el primer carácter de una cadena",
          "description": [
            "La <code>notación de corchetes</code> es una forma de obtener el caracter en un <code>índice</code> específico de una cadena.",
            "Los computadoras no empiezan a contar desde 1 como hacen los humanos. Comienzan en 0 ",
            "Por ejemplo, el caracter en el índice 0 en la palabra \"Charles \" es \"C\". Entonces si <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code>, puedes obtener la primera letra de la cadena usando <code>firstName[0]</code> .",
            "Usa la <code>notación de corchetes</code> para encontrar el primer caracter en la variable <code>lastName</code> y asignarlo a <code>firstLetterOfLastName</code>.",
            "Si te atascas intenta mirar la declaración de la variable <code>firstLetterOfFirstName</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ba",
      "title": "Understand String Immutability",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, <code>String</code> values are <dfn>immutable</dfn>, which means that they cannot be altered once created.",
        "For example, the following code:",
        "<blockquote>var myStr = \"Bob\";<br>myStr[0] = \"J\";</blockquote>",
        "cannot change the value of <code>myStr</code> to \"Job\", because the contents of <code>myStr</code> cannot be altered. Note that this does <em>not</em> mean that <code>myStr</code> cannot be changed, just that the individual characters of a <dfn>string literal</dfn> cannot be changed. The only way to change <code>myStr</code> would be to assign it with a new string, like this:",
        "<blockquote>var myStr = \"Bob\";<br>myStr = \"Job\";</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Correct the assignment to <code>myStr</code> so it contains the string value of <code>Hello World</code> using the approach shown in the example above."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myStr = \"Jello World\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "myStr[0] = \"H\"; // Fix Me",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(v){return \"myStr = \" + v;})(myStr);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myStr = \"Jello World\";\nmyStr = \"Hello World\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myStr === \"Hello World\", 'message: <code>myStr</code> should have a value of <code>Hello World</code>');",
        "assert(/myStr = \"Jello World\"/.test(code), 'message: Do not change the code above the line');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Comprender la inmutabilidad de cadenas",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, los valores de las <code>Cadenas</code> son <dfn>inmutables</dfn>, lo cual significa que ellos no pueden ser alterados una vez creados.",
            "Por ejemplo, el siguiente código:",
            "<blockquote>var miCad = \"Bob\";<br>myCad[0] = \"J\";</blockquote>",
            "no puede cambiar el valor de <code>miCad</code> a \"Job\" porque el contenido de <code>miCad</code> no puede ser alterado. Nota que esto <em>no</em> significa que <code>miCad</code> no puede ser cambiado, solo que los valores individuales de una <dfn>cadena literal</dfn> no pueden ser cambiados. La única manera de cambiar <code>miCad</code> sería asignandola a una nueva cadena, como esta:",
            "<blockquote>var miCad = \"Bob\";<br>miCad = \"Job\";</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Corrige la asignación de <code>myStr</code> para lograr el efecto deseado."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c450eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Use Bracket Notation to Find the Nth Character in a String",
      "description": [
        "You can also use <dfn>bracket notation</dfn> to get the character at other positions within a string.",
        "Remember that computers start counting at <code>0</code>, so the first character is actually the zeroth character.",
        "<hr>",
        "Let's try to set <code>thirdLetterOfLastName</code> to equal the third letter of the <code>lastName</code> variable using bracket notation.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Try looking at the <code>secondLetterOfFirstName</code> variable declaration if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";",
        "var secondLetterOfFirstName = firstName[1];",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var thirdLetterOfLastName = lastName;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(v){return v;})(thirdLetterOfLastName);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";\nvar thirdLetterOfLastName = lastName[2];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(thirdLetterOfLastName === 'v', 'message: The <code>thirdLetterOfLastName</code> variable should have the value of <code>v</code>.');",
        "assert(code.match(/thirdLetterOfLastName\\s*?=\\s*?lastName\\[.*?\\]/), 'message: You should use bracket notation.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usar la notación de corchetes para encontrar el n-ésimo caracter en una cadena",
          "description": [
            "También puede usar <code>notación de corchetes</code> para obtener el caracter en otras posiciones dentro de una cadena.",
            "Recuerda que los computadores empiezan a contar a 0, por lo que el primer caracter es en realidad el caracter cero.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Vamos a tratar de asignar a <code>thirdLetterOfLastName</code> la <code>tercera letra</code> de la variable <code>lastName</code>.",
            "<strong>Pista</strong><br>Si te atascas intenta mirar la declaración de la variable <code>secondLetterOfFirstName</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c451eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Use Bracket Notation to Find the Last Character in a String",
      "description": [
        "In order to get the last letter of a string, you can subtract one from the string's length.",
        "For example, if <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code>, you can get the value of the last letter of the string by using <code>firstName[firstName.length - 1]</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <dfn>bracket notation</dfn> to find the last character in the <code>lastName</code> variable.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Try looking at the <code>lastLetterOfFirstName</code> variable declaration if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";",
        "var lastLetterOfFirstName = firstName[firstName.length - 1];",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var lastLetterOfLastName = lastName;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(v){return v;})(lastLetterOfLastName);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";\nvar lastLetterOfFirstName = firstName[firstName.length - 1];\n\nvar lastName = \"Lovelace\";\nvar lastLetterOfLastName = lastName[lastName.length - 1];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(lastLetterOfLastName === \"e\", 'message: <code>lastLetterOfLastName</code> should be \"e\".');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\.length/g).length === 2, 'message: You have to use <code>.length</code> to get the last letter.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usa notación de corchetes para encontrar el último caracter de una cadena",
          "description": [
            "Con el fin de conseguir la última letra de una cadena, puedes restar uno a la longitud de la cadena.",
            "Por ejemplo, si <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code>, se puede obtener la última letra usando <code>firstName[firstName.length - 1]</code>. ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Utiliza <code>notación de corchetes</code> para encontrar el último caracter de la variabel <code>lastName</code>.",
            "Si te atascas intenta mirando la declaración de la variable <code>lastLetterOfFirstName</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c452eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Use Bracket Notation to Find the Nth-to-Last Character in a String",
      "description": [
        "You can use the same principle we just used to retrieve the last character in a string to retrieve the Nth-to-last character.",
        "For example, you can get the value of the third-to-last letter of the <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code> string by using <code>firstName[firstName.length - 3]</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <dfn>bracket notation</dfn> to find the second-to-last character in the <code>lastName</code> string.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Try looking at the <code>thirdToLastLetterOfFirstName</code> variable declaration if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";",
        "var thirdToLastLetterOfFirstName = firstName[firstName.length - 3];",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var lastName = \"Lovelace\";",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "var secondToLastLetterOfLastName = lastName;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(v){return v;})(secondToLastLetterOfLastName);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var firstName = \"Ada\";\nvar thirdToLastLetterOfFirstName = firstName[firstName.length - 3];\n\nvar lastName = \"Lovelace\";\nvar secondToLastLetterOfLastName = lastName[lastName.length - 2];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(secondToLastLetterOfLastName === 'c', 'message: <code>secondToLastLetterOfLastName</code> should be \"c\".');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\.length/g).length === 2, 'message: You have to use <code>.length</code> to get the second last letter.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usa notación de corchetes para encontrar el n-ésimo último caracter de una cadena",
          "description": [
            "Puede utilizar el mismo principio utilizamos para recuperar el último caracter de una cadena para recuperar el n-ésimo último caracter.",
            "Por ejemplo, se puede obtener el valor de la tercera última letra de la cadena <code>var firstName = \"Charles\"</code> utilizando <code>firstName[firstName.length - 3]</code> ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa <code>notación de corchete</code> para encontrar el segundo último caracter de la cadena en <code>lastName</code>.",
            "<strong>Pista</strong><br>Si te atascas intenta mirando la declaración de la variable <code>thirdToLastLetterOfFirstName</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244bb",
      "title": "Word Blanks",
      "description": [
        "We will now use our knowledge of strings to build a \"<a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs' target='_blank'>Mad Libs</a>\" style word game we're calling \"Word Blanks\". You will create an (optionally humorous) \"Fill in the Blanks\" style sentence. Here's an example of an incomplete sentence.",
        "In a \"Mad Libs\" game, you are provided sentences with some missing words, like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. You then fill in the missing pieces with words of your choice in a way that the completed sentence makes sense.",
        "Consider this sentence - \"It was really <strong>____</strong>, and we <strong>____</strong> ourselves <strong>____</strong>\". This sentence has three missing pieces- an adjective, a verb and an adverb, and we can add words of our choice to complete it. We can then assign the completed sentence to a variable as follows:",
        "<blockquote>var sentence = \"It was really\" + \"hot\" + \", and we\" + \"laughed\" + \"ourselves\" + \"silly.\";</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "In this challenge, we provide you with a noun, a verb, an adjective and an adverb. You need to form a complete sentence using words of your choice, along with the words we provide.",
        "You will need to use the string concatenation operator <code>+</code> to build a new string, using the provided variables: <code>myNoun</code>, <code>myAdjective</code>, <code>myVerb</code>, and <code>myAdverb</code>. You will then assign the formed string to the <code>result</code> variable.",
        "You will also need to account for spaces in your string, so that the final sentence has spaces between all the words. The result should be a complete sentence."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function wordBlanks(myNoun, myAdjective, myVerb, myAdverb) {",
        "  // Your code below this line",
        "  var result = \"\";",
        "",
        "  // Your code above this line",
        "  return result;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change the words here to test your function",
        "wordBlanks(\"dog\", \"big\", \"ran\", \"quickly\");"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "var test1 = wordBlanks(\"dog\", \"big\", \"ran\", \"quickly\");",
        "var test2 = wordBlanks(\"cat\", \"little\", \"hit\", \"slowly\");"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function wordBlanks(myNoun, myAdjective, myVerb, myAdverb) {\n  var result = \"\";\n\n  result = \"Once there was a \" + myNoun + \" which was very \" + myAdjective + \". \";\n  result += \"It \" + myVerb + \" \" + myAdverb + \" around the yard.\";\n\n  return result;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof wordBlanks(\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\") === 'string', 'message: <code>wordBlanks(\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\")</code> should return a string.');",
        "assert(/\\bdog\\b/.test(test1) && /\\bbig\\b/.test(test1) && /\\bran\\b/.test(test1) && /\\bquickly\\b/.test(test1),'message: <code>wordBlanks(\"dog\", \"big\", \"ran\", \"quickly\")</code> should contain all of the passed in words separated by non-word characters (and any additional words in your madlib).');",
        "assert(/\\bcat\\b/.test(test2) && /\\blittle\\b/.test(test2) && /\\bhit\\b/.test(test2) && /\\bslowly\\b/.test(test2),'message: <code>wordBlanks(\"cat\", \"little\", \"hit\", \"slowly\")</code> should contain all of the passed in words separated by non-word characters (and any additional words in your madlib).');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Espacios en blanco de palabras",
          "description": [
            "Ahora usaremos nuestro conocimiento de cadenas para construir un juego de palabras estilo \"<a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs' target='_blank'>Mad Libs</a>\" que llamaremos \"Espacios en Blanco de Palabras\". Vas a crear unas oraciones estilo (opcionalmente graciosa) \"Llena los espacios en blanco\".",
            "Necesitarás usar operadores de cadenas para construir una nueva cadena <code>result</code>, usando las variables previstas: <code>myNoun</code>, <code>myAdjective</code>, <code>myVerb</code> y <code>myAdverb</code>.",
            "Además, necesitarás proporcionar cadenas adicionales, las cuales no cambiarán entre las palabras proporcionadas.",
            "Nosotros hemos proporcionado un marco de referencia para probar tus resultados con diferentes palabras. La prueba correrá tu función con varias palabras diferentes para asegurarse  que todas las palabras proporcionadas aparezcan en la salida, así como en tus cadenas adicionales."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7993c9c69feddfaeb8bdef",
      "title": "Store Multiple Values in one Variable using JavaScript Arrays",
      "description": [
        "With JavaScript <code>array</code> variables, we can store several pieces of data in one place.",
        "You start an array declaration with an opening square bracket, end it with a closing square bracket, and put a comma between each entry, like this: ",
        "<code>var sandwich = [\"peanut butter\", \"jelly\", \"bread\"]</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the new array <code>myArray</code> so that it contains both a <code>string</code> and a <code>number</code> (in that order).",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Refer to the example code in the text editor if you get stuck."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [\"John\", 23];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var myArray = [];",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return z;})(myArray);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [\"The Answer\", 42];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myArray == 'object', 'message: <code>myArray</code> should be an <code>array</code>.');",
        "assert(typeof myArray[0] !== 'undefined' && typeof myArray[0] == 'string', 'message: The first item in <code>myArray</code> should be a <code>string</code>.');",
        "assert(typeof myArray[1] !== 'undefined' && typeof myArray[1] == 'number', 'message: The second item in <code>myArray</code> should be a <code>number</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Almacena múltiples valores en una variable utilizando vectores en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Con las variables tipo <code>vector</code> (o en inglés <code>array</code>) podemos almacenar diversos datos en un solo lugar.",
            "Empiezas la declaración de un vector con un corchete de apertura, y terminas con un corchete de cierre, y pones una coma entre cada entrada, así: <code>var sandwich = [\"mantequilla de maní\", \"jalea\" , \"pan\"]</code>. ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Ahora vamos a crear un nuevo vector llamado <code>myArray</code> que contenga una <code>cadena</code> y un <code>número</code> (en ese orden).",
            "Consulta el código comentado en el editor de texto si te atascas."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb7bdef",
      "title": "Nest one Array within Another Array",
      "description": [
        "You can also nest arrays within other arrays, like this: <code>[[\"Bulls\", 23], [\"White Sox\", 45]]</code>. This is also called a <dfn>Multi-dimensional Array<dfn>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a nested array called <code>myArray</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [[\"the universe\", 42], [\"everything\", 101010]];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var myArray = [];",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[1,2,3]];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(Array.isArray(myArray) && myArray.some(Array.isArray), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should have at least one array nested within another array.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Anida un vector dentro de otro vector",
          "description": [
            "También puedes anidar vectores dentro de otros vectores, como este: <code>[[\"Bulls\", 23], [\"White Sox\", 45]]</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Ahora vamos a crear un vector anidado llamado <code>myArray</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392ca",
      "title": "Access Array Data with Indexes",
      "description": [
        "We can access the data inside arrays using <code>indexes</code>.",
        "Array indexes are written in the same bracket notation that strings use, except that instead of specifying a character, they are specifying an entry in the array. Like strings, arrays use <dfn>zero-based</dfn> indexing, so the first element in an array is element <code>0</code>.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var array = [50,60,70];<br>array[0]; // equals 50<br>var data = array[1];  // equals 60</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>There shouldn't be any spaces between the array name and the square brackets, like <code>array [0]</code>. Although JavaScript is able to process this correctly, this may confuse other programmers reading your code.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a variable called <code>myData</code> and set it to equal the first value of <code>myArray</code> using bracket notation."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [50,60,70];",
        "var ourData = ourArray[0]; // equals 50",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [50,60,70];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\" && typeof myData !== \"undefined\"){(function(y,z){return 'myArray = ' + JSON.stringify(y) + ', myData = ' + JSON.stringify(z);})(myArray, myData);}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [50,60,70];\nvar myData = myArray[0];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(){if(typeof myArray !== 'undefined' && typeof myData !== 'undefined' && myArray[0] === myData){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: The variable <code>myData</code> should equal the first value of <code>myArray</code>.');",
        "assert((function(){if(code.match(/\\s*=\\s*myArray\\[0\\]/g)){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: The data in variable <code>myArray</code> should be accessed using bracket notation.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Accede a los datos de un vector mediante índices",
          "description": [
            "Podemos acceder a los datos dentro de los vectores usando <code>índices</code>.",
            "Los índices del vector se escriben en la misma notación con corchetes usado con cadenas, excepto que en lugar de especificar un caracter, especifican un elemento del vector.",
            "Por ejemplo:",
            "<code>var array = [1,2,3];</code>",
            "<code>array[0]; //es igual a 1</code>",
            "<code>var data = array[1];</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Crea una variable llamada <code>myData</ ​​code> y asignale el primer valor del vector <code>myArray</code>."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl": "https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/access-array-data-with-indexes"
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb8bdef",
      "title": "Modify Array Data With Indexes",
      "description": [
        "Unlike strings, the entries of arrays are <dfn>mutable</dfn> and can be changed freely.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [50,40,30];<br>ourArray[0] = 15; // equals [15,40,30]</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>There shouldn't be any spaces between the array name and the square brackets, like <code>array [0]</code>. Although JavaScript is able to process this correctly, this may confuse other programmers reading your code.",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the data stored at index <code>0</code> of <code>myArray</code> to a value of <code>45</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [18,64,99];",
        "ourArray[1] = 45; // ourArray now equals [18,45,99].",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [18,64,99];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [18,64,99];\nmyArray[0] = 45;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(){if(typeof myArray != 'undefined' && myArray[0] == 45 && myArray[1] == 64 && myArray[2] == 99){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should now be [45,64,99].');",
        "assert((function(){if(code.match(/myArray\\[0\\]\\s*=\\s*/g)){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: You should be using correct index to modify the value in <code>myArray</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Modifica datos de un vector usando índices",
          "description": [
            "También podemos modificar los datos almacenados en vectores usando índices.",
            "Por ejemplo:",
            "<code>var ourArray = [3,2,1];</code>",
            "<code>ourArray[0] = 1; // equals [1,2,1]</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Ahora establece el dato almacenado en el índice 0 de <code>myArray</code> para que sea el valor 3."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56592a60ddddeae28f7aa8e1",
      "title": "Access Multi-Dimensional Arrays With Indexes",
      "description": [
        "One way to think of a <dfn>multi-dimensional</dfn> array, is as an <em>array of arrays</em>. When you use brackets to access your array, the first set of brackets refers to the entries in the outer-most (the first level) array, and each additional pair of brackets refers to the next level of entries inside.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var arr = [<br>    [1,2,3],<br>    [4,5,6],<br>    [7,8,9],<br>    [[10,11,12], 13, 14]<br>];<br>arr[3]; // equals [[10,11,12], 13, 14]<br>arr[3][0]; // equals [10,11,12]<br>arr[3][0][1]; // equals 11</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>There shouldn't be any spaces between the array name and the square brackets, like <code>array [0][0]</code> and even this <code>array [0] [0]</code> is not allowed. Although JavaScript is able to process this correctly, this may confuse other programmers reading your code.",
        "<hr>",
        "Using bracket notation select an element from <code>myArray</code> such that <code>myData</code> is equal to <code>8</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9], [[10,11,12], 13, 14]];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var myData = myArray[0][0];",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return \"myData: \" + myData + \" myArray: \" + JSON.stringify(myArray);})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6], [7,8,9], [[10,11,12], 13, 14]];\nvar myData = myArray[2][1];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myData === 8, 'message: <code>myData</code> should be equal to <code>8</code>.');",
        "assert(/myArray\\[2\\]\\[1\\]/g.test(code) && !/myData\\s*=\\s*(?:.*[-+*/%]|\\d)/g.test(code), 'message: You should be using bracket notation to read the correct value from <code>myArray</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a vectores multi-dimensionales con índices",
          "description": [
            "Una manera de pensar un vector <dfn>multi-dimensional</dfn>, es como un <em>vector de vectores</em>. Cuando usas corchetes para acceder a tu vector, el primer conjunto de brackets se refiere a las entradas en el vector más externo y cada nivel subsecuente de brackets se refiere al siguiente nivel de vectores internos.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>var vec = [<br>    [1,2,3],<br>    [4,5,6],<br>    [7,8,9],<br>    [[10,11,12], 13, 14]<br>];<br>vec[0]; // es igual [1,2,3]<br>vec[1][2]; // es igual 6<br>vec[3][0][1]; // es igual 11</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Lee de <code>myArray</code> usando la notación corchete de modo que myData sea igual a <code>8</code>"
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl": "https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/access-array-data-with-indexes"
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392cb",
      "title": "Manipulate Arrays With push()",
      "description": [
        "An easy way to append data to the end of an array is via the <code>push()</code> function.",
        "<code>.push()</code> takes one or more <dfn>parameters</dfn> and \"pushes\" them onto the end of the array.",
        "<blockquote>var arr = [1,2,3];<br>arr.push(4);<br>// arr is now [1,2,3,4]</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Push <code>[\"dog\", 3]</code> onto the end of the <code>myArray</code> variable."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [\"Stimpson\", \"J\", \"cat\"];",
        "ourArray.push([\"happy\", \"joy\"]); ",
        "// ourArray now equals [\"Stimpson\", \"J\", \"cat\", [\"happy\", \"joy\"]]",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"cat\", 2]];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return 'myArray = ' + JSON.stringify(z);})(myArray);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"cat\", 2]];\nmyArray.push([\"dog\",3]);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(d){if(d[2] != undefined && d[0][0] == 'John' && d[0][1] === 23 && d[2][0] == 'dog' && d[2][1] === 3 && d[2].length == 2){return true;}else{return false;}})(myArray), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should now equal <code>[[\"John\", 23], [\"cat\", 2], [\"dog\", 3]]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Manipula vectores con push()",
          "description": [
            "No sólo se pueden sacar datos del final de un vector con <code>pop()</code>, también puedes empujar (<code>push()</code>) datos al final del vector.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Empuja <code>[\"dog\", 3]</code> al final de la variable <code>myArray</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392cc",
      "title": "Manipulate Arrays With pop()",
      "description": [
        "Another way to change the data in an array is with the <code>.pop()</code> function.",
        "<code>.pop()</code> is used to \"pop\" a value off of the end of an array. We can store this \"popped off\" value by assigning it to a variable. In other words, <code>.pop()</code> removes the last element from an array and returns that element.",
        "Any type of entry can be \"popped\" off of an array - numbers, strings, even nested arrays.",
        "<blockquote><code>var threeArr = [1, 4, 6];<br> var oneDown = threeArr.pop();<br> console.log(oneDown); // Returns 6<br> console.log(threeArr); // Returns [1, 4]</code></blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>.pop()</code> function to remove the last item from <code>myArray</code>, assigning the \"popped off\" value to <code>removedFromMyArray</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [1,2,3];",
        "var removedFromOurArray = ourArray.pop(); ",
        "// removedFromOurArray now equals 3, and ourArray now equals [1,2]",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"cat\", 2]];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var removedFromMyArray;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y, z){return 'myArray = ' + JSON.stringify(y) + ' & removedFromMyArray = ' + JSON.stringify(z);})(myArray, removedFromMyArray);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"cat\", 2]];\nvar removedFromMyArray = myArray.pop();"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(d){if(d[0][0] == 'John' && d[0][1] === 23 && d[1] == undefined){return true;}else{return false;}})(myArray), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should only contain <code>[[\"John\", 23]]</code>.');",
        "assert(/removedFromMyArray\\s*=\\s*myArray\\s*.\\s*pop\\s*(\\s*)/.test(code), 'message: Use <code>pop()</code> on <code>myArray</code>');",
        "assert((function(d){if(d[0] == 'cat' && d[1] === 2 && d[2] == undefined){return true;}else{return false;}})(removedFromMyArray), 'message: <code>removedFromMyArray</code> should only contain <code>[\"cat\", 2]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Manipula vectores con pop()",
          "description": [
            "Otra forma de cambiar los datos en un vector es con la función <code>.pop()</code>.",
            "<code>.pop()</code> se utiliza para \"sacar\" el valor final de un vector. Podemos almacenar el valor \"sacado\" asignando <code>pop</code> a una variable por ejemplo durante su declaración.",
            "Todo tipo de datos puede ser \"sacado\" de un vector --números, cadenas, incluso los vectores anidadas.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa la función <code>.pop()</code> para sacar el último elemento de <code>myArray</code> y asigna ese valor \"sacado\" a <code>removedFromMyArray </code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392cd",
      "title": "Manipulate Arrays With shift()",
      "description": [
        "<code>pop()</code> always removes the last element of an array. What if you want to remove the first?",
        "That's where <code>.shift()</code> comes in. It works just like <code>.pop()</code>, except it removes the first element instead of the last.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>.shift()</code> function to remove the first item from <code>myArray</code>, assigning the \"shifted off\" value to <code>removedFromMyArray</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [\"Stimpson\", \"J\", [\"cat\"]];",
        "removedFromOurArray = ourArray.shift();",
        "// removedFromOurArray now equals \"Stimpson\" and ourArray now equals [\"J\", [\"cat\"]].",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"dog\", 3]];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "var removedFromMyArray;",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y, z){return 'myArray = ' + JSON.stringify(y) + ' & removedFromMyArray = ' + JSON.stringify(z);})(myArray, removedFromMyArray);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"dog\", 3]];\n\n// Only change code below this line.\nvar removedFromMyArray = myArray.shift();"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(d){if(d[0][0] == 'dog' && d[0][1] === 3 && d[1] == undefined){return true;}else{return false;}})(myArray), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should now equal <code>[[\"dog\", 3]]</code>.');",
        "assert((function(d){if(d[0] == 'John' && d[1] === 23 && typeof removedFromMyArray === 'object'){return true;}else{return false;}})(removedFromMyArray), 'message: <code>removedFromMyArray</code> should contain <code>[\"John\", 23]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Manipula vectores con shift()",
          "description": [
            "<code>pop()</code> siempre elimina el último elemento de un vector. ¿Qué pasa si quieres quitar el primero?",
            "Ahí es donde entra <code>.shift()</code>. Funciona igual que <code>.pop ()</code>, excepto que elimina el primer elemento en lugar del pasado. ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa la función <code>.shift()</code> para eliminar el primer elemento de <code>myArray</code>, y el elemento que saques asignalo a <code>removedFromMyArra</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392ce",
      "title": "Manipulate Arrays With unshift()",
      "description": [
        "Not only can you <code>shift</code> elements off of the beginning of an array, you can also <code>unshift</code> elements to the beginning of an array i.e. add elements in front of the array.",
        "<code>.unshift()</code> works exactly like <code>.push()</code>, but instead of adding the element at the end of the array, <code>unshift()</code> adds the element at the beginning of the array.",
        "<hr>",
        "Add <code>[\"Paul\",35]</code> to the beginning of the <code>myArray</code> variable using <code>unshift()</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [\"Stimpson\", \"J\", \"cat\"];",
        "ourArray.shift(); // ourArray now equals [\"J\", \"cat\"]",
        "ourArray.unshift(\"Happy\"); ",
        "// ourArray now equals [\"Happy\", \"J\", \"cat\"]",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"dog\", 3]];",
        "myArray.shift();",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(y, z){return 'myArray = ' + JSON.stringify(y);})(myArray);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [[\"John\", 23], [\"dog\", 3]];\nmyArray.shift();\nmyArray.unshift([\"Paul\", 35]);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(d){if(typeof d[0] === \"object\" && d[0][0] == 'Paul' && d[0][1] === 35 && d[1][0] != undefined && d[1][0] == 'dog' && d[1][1] != undefined && d[1][1] == 3){return true;}else{return false;}})(myArray), 'message: <code>myArray</code> should now have [[\"Paul\", 35], [\"dog\", 3]].');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Manipula vectores con unshift()",
          "description": [
            "No sólo se puedes <code>correr</code> (shift) elementos del comienzo de un vector, también puedes <code>descorrerlos</code> (unshift) al comienzo.",
            "<code>unshift()</code> funciona exactamente igual que <code>push()</code>, pero en lugar de añadir el elemento al final del vector, <code>unshift()</code> añade el elemento al comienzo del vector. ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Añade <code>\"Paul\"</code> al comienzo de la variable <code>myArray</code> usando <code>unshift()</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244bc",
      "title": "Shopping List",
      "description": [
        "Create a shopping list in the variable <code>myList</code>. The list should be a multi-dimensional array containing several sub-arrays.",
        "The first element in each sub-array should contain a string with the name of the item. The second element should be a number representing the quantity i.e.",
        "<code>[\"Chocolate Bar\", 15]</code>",
        "There should be at least 5 sub-arrays in the list."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myList = [];",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "var count = 0;",
        "var isArray = false;",
        "var hasString = false;",
        "var hasNumber = false;",
        "(function(list){",
        "  if(Array.isArray(myList)) {",
        "    isArray = true;",
        "    if(myList.length > 0) {",
        "      hasString = true;",
        "      hasNumber = true;",
        "      myList.forEach(function(elem) {",
        "        if(typeof elem[0] !== 'string') {",
        "          hasString = false;",
        "        }",
        "        if(typeof elem[1] !== 'number') {",
        "          hasNumber = false;",
        "        }",
        "      });",
        "    }",
        "    count = myList.length;",
        "    return JSON.stringify(myList);",
        "  } else {",
        "    return \"myList is not an array\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "})(myList);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myList = [\n  [\"Candy\", 10],\n  [\"Potatoes\", 12],\n  [\"Eggs\", 12],\n  [\"Catfood\", 1],\n  [\"Toads\", 9]\n];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(isArray, 'message: <code>myList</code> should be an array');",
        "assert(hasString, 'message: The first elements in each of your sub-arrays must all be strings');",
        "assert(hasNumber, 'message: The second elements in each of your sub-arrays must all be numbers');",
        "assert(count > 4, 'message: You must have at least 5 items in your list');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Lista de compras",
          "description": [
            "Crea una lista de compras en la variable <code>myList</code>. La lista tiene que ser un vector multidimensional conteniendo varios sub-vectores.",
            "El primer elemento en cada sub-vector debe contener una cadena con el nombre del elemento. El segundo elemento debe ser un número representando la cantidad i. e.",
            "<code>[\"Barra de Chocolate\", 15]</code>",
            "Tiene que haber por lo menos 5 sub-vectores en la lista."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392cf",
      "title": "Write Reusable JavaScript with Functions",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, we can divide up our code into reusable parts called <dfn>functions</dfn>.",
        "Here's an example of a function:",
        "<blockquote>function functionName() {<br>  console.log(\"Hello World\");<br>}</blockquote>",
        "You can call or <dfn>invoke</dfn> this function by using its name followed by parentheses, like this:",
        "<code>functionName();</code>",
        "Each time the function is called it will print out the message <code>\"Hello World\"</code> on the dev console. All of the code between the curly braces will be executed every time the function is called.",
        "<hr>",
        "<ol><li>Create a function called <code>reusableFunction</code> which prints <code>\"Hi World\"</code> to the dev console.</li><li>Call the function.</li></ol>"
      ],
      "head": [
        "var logOutput = \"\";",
        "var originalConsole = console",
        "function capture() {",
        "    var nativeLog = console.log;",
        "    console.log = function (message) {",
        "        if(message && message.trim) logOutput = message.trim();",
        "        if(nativeLog.apply) {",
        "          nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments);",
        "        } else {",
        "          var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' ');",
        "          nativeLog(nativeMsg);",
        "        }",
        "    };",
        "}",
        "",
        "function uncapture() {",
        "  console.log = originalConsole.log;",
        "}",
        "",
        "capture();"
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "function ourReusableFunction() {",
        "  console.log(\"Heyya, World\");",
        "}",
        "",
        "ourReusableFunction();",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "uncapture();",
        "",
        "if (typeof reusableFunction !== \"function\") { ",
        "  (function() { return \"reusableFunction is not defined\"; })();",
        "} else {",
        "  (function() { return logOutput || \"console.log never called\"; })();",
        "}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function reusableFunction() {\n  console.log(\"Hi World\");\n}\nreusableFunction();"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof reusableFunction === 'function', 'message: <code>reusableFunction</code> should be a function');",
        "assert(\"Hi World\" === logOutput, 'message: <code>reusableFunction</code> should output \"Hi World\" to the dev console');",
        "assert(/^\\s*reusableFunction\\(\\)\\s*;/m.test(code), 'message: Call <code>reusableFunction</code> after you define it');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Escribe código JavaScript reutilizable con funciones",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, podemos dividir nuestro código en partes reutilizables llamadas funciones.",
            "He aquí un ejemplo de una función:",
            "<code>function nombreDeFuncion(a, b) {</code>",
            "<code>& nbsp; & nbsp; return a + b;</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "Después de escribir las líneas anteriores en nuestro código, podemos pasar valores a nuestra función y el resultado que sigue a la instrucción <code>return</code> será retornado.",
            "Por ejemplo, podemos pasar los números <code>4</code> y <code>2</code> al \"llamar\" la función más adelante en nuestro código, así: <code>nombreDeFuncion(4, 2)</ code >. ",
            "En este ejemplo, la función devolverá el número <code>6</code>, ya que es el resultado de <code>4 + 2</code>.",
            "Crea y llama una función de nombre <code>myFunction</code> que devuelva la suma de <code>a</code> y <code>b</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244bd",
      "title": "Passing Values to Functions with Arguments",
      "description": [
        "<dfn>Parameters</dfn> are variables that act as placeholders for the values that are to be input to a function when it is called. When a function is defined, it is typically defined along with one or more parameters. The actual values that are input (or <dfn>\"passed\"</dfn>) into a function when it is called are known as <dfn>arguments</dfn>.",
        "Here is a function with two parameters, <code>param1</code> and <code>param2</code>:",
        "<blockquote>function testFun(param1, param2) {<br>  console.log(param1, param2);<br>}</blockquote>",
        "Then we can call <code>testFun</code>:",
        "<code>testFun(\"Hello\", \"World\");</code>",
        "We have passed two arguments, <code>\"Hello\"</code> and <code>\"World\"</code>. Inside the function, <code>param1</code> will equal \"Hello\" and <code>param2</code> will equal \"World\". Note that you could call <code>testFun</code> again with different arguments and the parameters would take on the value of the new arguments.",
        "<hr>",
        "<ol><li>Create a function called <code>functionWithArgs</code> that accepts two arguments and outputs their sum to the dev console.</li><li>Call the function with two numbers as arguments.</li></ol>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "head": [
        "var logOutput = \"\";",
        "var originalConsole = console",
        "function capture() {",
        "    var nativeLog = console.log;",
        "    console.log = function (message) {",
        "        if(message) logOutput = JSON.stringify(message).trim();",
        "        if(nativeLog.apply) {",
        "          nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments);",
        "        } else {",
        "          var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' ');",
        "          nativeLog(nativeMsg);",
        "        }",
        "    };",
        "}",
        "",
        "function uncapture() {",
        "  console.log = originalConsole.log;",
        "}",
        "",
        "capture();"
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "function ourFunctionWithArgs(a, b) {",
        "  console.log(a - b);",
        "}",
        "ourFunctionWithArgs(10, 5); // Outputs 5",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "uncapture();",
        "",
        "if (typeof functionWithArgs !== \"function\") { ",
        "  (function() { return \"functionWithArgs is not defined\"; })();",
        "} else {",
        "  (function() { return logOutput || \"console.log never called\"; })();",
        "}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function functionWithArgs(a, b) {\n  console.log(a + b);\n}\nfunctionWithArgs(10, 5);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof functionWithArgs === 'function', 'message: <code>functionWithArgs</code> should be a function');",
        "if(typeof functionWithArgs === \"function\") { capture(); functionWithArgs(1,2); uncapture(); } assert(logOutput == 3, 'message: <code>functionWithArgs(1,2)</code> should output <code>3</code>');",
        "if(typeof functionWithArgs === \"function\") { capture(); functionWithArgs(7,9); uncapture(); } assert(logOutput == 16, 'message: <code>functionWithArgs(7,9)</code> should output <code>16</code>');",
        "assert(/^\\s*functionWithArgs\\s*\\(\\s*\\d+\\s*,\\s*\\d+\\s*\\)\\s*;/m.test(code), 'message: Call <code>functionWithArgs</code> with two numbers after you define it.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Pasando valores a funciones con argumentos",
          "description": [
            "Los <dfn>parámetros</dfn> son variables que actúan como marcadores de lugar para los valores que han de ser entrada para una función cuando esta es llamada. Cuando una función es definida, es típicamente definida con uno o más parámetros. Los valores actuales que son entrada (or <dfn>\"pasados\"</dfn>) dentro de una función cuando esta es llamada son concidos como <dfn>argumentos</dfn>.",
            "Aquí hay una función con dos parámetros, <code>param1</code> y <code>param2</code>:",
            "<blockquote>function testFun(param1, param2) {<br>  console.log(param1, param2);<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Entonces nosotros podemos llamar <code>testFun</code>:",
            "<code>testFun(\"Hello\", \"World\");</code>",
            "Nosotros hemos pasado dos argumentos, <code>\"Hello\"</code> y <code>\"World\"</code>. Dentro de la función, <code>param1</code> será igual a \"Hello\" y <code>param2</code> será igual a \"World\". Nota que puedes llamar <code>testFun</code> otra vez con argumentos diferentes y los parámetros asumirían el valor de los nuevos argumentos.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "<ol><li>Crea una función llamada <code>functionWithArgs</code> que acepte dos argumentos y da salida a su suma en la consola.</li><li>Llama la función.</li></ol>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244be",
      "title": "Global Scope and Functions",
      "description": [
        "In JavaScript, <dfn>scope</dfn> refers to the visibility of variables. Variables which are defined outside of a function block have <dfn>Global</dfn> scope. This means, they can be seen everywhere in your JavaScript code.",
        "Variables which are used without the <code>var</code> keyword are automatically created in the <code>global</code> scope. This can create unintended consequences elsewhere in your code or when running a function again. You should always declare your variables with <code>var</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Using <code>var</code>, declare a <code>global</code> variable <code>myGlobal</code> outside of any function. Initialize it with a value of <code>10</code>.",
        "Inside function <code>fun1</code>, assign <code>5</code> to <code>oopsGlobal</code> <strong><em>without</em></strong> using the <code>var</code> keyword."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "head": [
        "var logOutput = \"\";",
        "var originalConsole = console",
        "function capture() {",
        "    var nativeLog = console.log;",
        "    console.log = function (message) {",
        "        logOutput = message;",
        "        if(nativeLog.apply) {",
        "          nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments);",
        "        } else {",
        "          var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' ');",
        "          nativeLog(nativeMsg);",
        "        }",
        "    };",
        "}",
        "",
        "function uncapture() {",
        "  console.log = originalConsole.log;",
        "}",
        "var oopsGlobal;",
        "capture();"
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Declare your variable here",
        "",
        "",
        "function fun1() {",
        "  // Assign 5 to oopsGlobal Here",
        "  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Only change code above this line",
        "function fun2() {",
        "  var output = \"\";",
        "  if (typeof myGlobal != \"undefined\") {",
        "    output += \"myGlobal: \" + myGlobal;",
        "  }",
        "  if (typeof oopsGlobal != \"undefined\") {",
        "    output += \" oopsGlobal: \" + oopsGlobal;",
        "  }",
        "  console.log(output);",
        "}"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "fun1();",
        "fun2();",
        "uncapture();",
        "(function() { return logOutput || \"console.log never called\"; })();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "// Declare your variable here\nvar myGlobal = 10;\n\nfunction fun1() {\n  // Assign 5 to oopsGlobal Here\n  oopsGlobal = 5;\n}\n\n// Only change code above this line\nfunction fun2() {\n  var output = \"\";\n  if(typeof myGlobal != \"undefined\") {\n    output += \"myGlobal: \" + myGlobal;\n  }\n  if(typeof oopsGlobal != \"undefined\") {\n    output += \" oopsGlobal: \" + oopsGlobal;\n  }\n  console.log(output);\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myGlobal != \"undefined\", 'message: <code>myGlobal</code> should be defined');",
        "assert(myGlobal === 10, 'message: <code>myGlobal</code> should have a value of <code>10</code>');",
        "assert(/var\\s+myGlobal/.test(code), 'message: <code>myGlobal</code> should be declared using the <code>var</code> keyword');",
        "assert(typeof oopsGlobal != \"undefined\" && oopsGlobal === 5, 'message: <code>oopsGlobal</code> should be a global variable and have a value of <code>5</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Alcance global y funciones",
          "description": [
            "En JavaScript, <dfn>alcance</dfn> se referiere a la visibilidad de variables. Las variables que definas fuera de un bloque de una función tienen alcance <dfn>Global</dfn>. Esto significa que ellas pueden ser vistas en todas partes en tu código JavaScript.",
            "Las variables que pueden ser usadas sin la palabra clave <code>var</code> son automáticamente creadas en el alcance <code>global</code>. Esto puede tener consecuencias no deseadas en otras partes de tu código o cuando se ejecuta una función de nuevo. Tu siempre deberías declarar tus variables con <code>var</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Declara a variable <code>global</code> <code>myGlobal</code> fuera de cualquier función. Inicializala para tener un valor de <code>10</code> ",
            "Dentro de la función <code>fun1</code>, asigna <code>5</code> a <code>oopsGlobal</code> <strong><em>sin</em></strong> usar la palabra clave <code>var</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244bf",
      "title": "Local Scope and Functions",
      "description": [
        "Variables which are declared within a function, as well as the function parameters have <dfn>local</dfn> scope. That means, they are only visible within that function.",
        "Here is a function <code>myTest</code> with a local variable called <code>loc</code>.",
        "<blockquote>function myTest() {<br>  var loc = \"foo\";<br>  console.log(loc);<br>}<br>myTest(); // logs \"foo\"<br>console.log(loc); // loc is not defined</blockquote>",
        "<code>loc</code> is not defined outside of the function.",
        "<hr>",
        "Declare a local variable <code>myVar</code> inside <code>myLocalScope</code>. Run the tests and then follow the instructions commented out in the editor.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Refreshing the page may help if you get stuck."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "head": [
        "var logOutput = \"\";",
        "var originalConsole = console",
        "function capture() {",
        "  var nativeLog = console.log;",
        "  console.log = function (message) {",
        "    logOutput = message;",
        "    if(nativeLog.apply) {",
        "      nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments);",
        "    } else {",
        "      var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' ');",
        "      nativeLog(nativeMsg);",
        "    }",
        "  };",
        "}",
        "",
        "function uncapture() {",
        "  console.log = originalConsole.log;",
        "}",
        ""
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function myLocalScope() {",
        "  'use strict'; // you shouldn't need to edit this line",
        "  ",
        "  console.log(myVar);",
        "}",
        "myLocalScope();",
        "",
        "// Run and check the console",
        "// myVar is not defined outside of myLocalScope",
        "console.log(myVar);",
        "",
        "// Now remove the console log line to pass the test",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "typeof myLocalScope === 'function' && (capture(), myLocalScope(), uncapture());",
        "(function() { return logOutput || \"console.log never called\"; })();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function myLocalScope() {\n  'use strict';\n  \n  var myVar;\n  console.log(myVar);\n}\nmyLocalScope();"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myVar === 'undefined', 'message: No global <code>myVar</code> variable');",
        "assert(/var\\s+myVar/.test(code), 'message: Add a local <code>myVar</code> variable');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Alcance local y funciones",
          "description": [
            "Las variables que son declaradas dentro de una función, así como los parámetros de la función tienen alcance <dfn>local</dfn>. Eso significa que solo son visibles dentro de esa función.",
            "Aquí está una función <code>myTest</code> con una variable local llamada <code>loc</code>.",
            "<blockquote>function myTest() {<br>  var loc = \"foo\";<br>  console.log(loc);<br>}<br>myTest(); // \"foo\"<br>console.log(loc); // \"undefined\"</blockquote>",
            "<code>loc</code> no está definida fuera de la función.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Declara una variable local <code>myVar</code> dentro de <code>myLocalScope</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c0",
      "title": "Global vs. Local Scope in Functions",
      "description": [
        "It is possible to have both <dfn>local</dfn> and <dfn>global</dfn> variables with the same name. When you do this, the <code>local</code> variable takes precedence over the <code>global</code> variable.",
        "In this example:",
        "<blockquote>var someVar = \"Hat\";<br>function myFun() {<br>  var someVar = \"Head\";<br>  return someVar;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "The function <code>myFun</code> will return <code>\"Head\"</code> because the <code>local</code> version of the variable is present.",
        "<hr>",
        "Add a local variable to <code>myOutfit</code> to override the value of <code>outerWear</code> with <code>\"sweater\"</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var outerWear = \"T-Shirt\";",
        "",
        "function myOutfit() {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return outerWear;",
        "}",
        "",
        "myOutfit();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var outerWear = \"T-Shirt\";\nfunction myOutfit() {\n  var outerWear = \"sweater\";\n  return outerWear;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(outerWear === \"T-Shirt\", 'message: Do not change the value of the global <code>outerWear</code>');",
        "assert(myOutfit() === \"sweater\", 'message: <code>myOutfit</code> should return <code>\"sweater\"</code>');",
        "assert(/return outerWear/.test(code), 'message: Do not change the return statement');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Alcance global vs. local en funciones",
          "description": [
            "Es posible tener variables <dfn>locales</dfn> y <dfn>globales</dfn> con el mismo nombre. Cuando tu haces esto, la variable <code>local</code> toma precedencia sobre la variable <code>global</code>.",
            "En este ejemplo:",
            "<blockquote>var algunaVar = \"Sombrero\";<br>function miFun() {<br>  var algunaVar = \"Cabeza\";<br>  return algunaVar;<br>}</blockquote>",
            "La función <code>miFun</code> regresará <code>\"Cabeza\"</code> porque la versión <code>local</code> de la variable tiene precedencia.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega una variable local a <code>myOutfit</code> para sobreescribir el valor de <code>outerWear</code> con <code>\"sweater\"</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c2",
      "title": "Return a Value from a Function with Return",
      "description": [
        "We can pass values into a function with <dfn>arguments</dfn>. You can use a <code>return</code> statement to send a value back out of a function.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>function plusThree(num) {<br>  return num + 3;<br>}<br>var answer = plusThree(5); // 8</blockquote>",
        "<code>plusThree</code> takes an <dfn>argument</dfn> for <code>num</code> and returns a value equal to <code>num + 3</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a function <code>timesFive</code> that accepts one argument, multiplies it by <code>5</code>, and returns the new value. See the last line in the editor for an example of how you can test your <code>timesFive</code> function."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "function minusSeven(num) {",
        "  return num - 7;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "",
        "",
        "console.log(minusSeven(10));"
      ],
      "tail": [],
      "solutions": [
        "function timesFive(num) {\n  return num * 5;\n}\ntimesFive(10);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof timesFive === 'function', 'message: <code>timesFive</code> should be a function');",
        "assert(code.match(/timesFive\\(\\s*\\d+\\s*\\)/g), 'message: function <code>timesFive</code> should be called with a number');",
        "assert(timesFive(5) === 25, 'message: <code>timesFive(5)</code> should return <code>25</code>');",
        "assert(timesFive(2) === 10, 'message: <code>timesFive(2)</code> should return <code>10</code>');",
        "assert(timesFive(0) === 0, 'message: <code>timesFive(0)</code> should return <code>0</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Retorna un valor desde una función con return",
          "description": [
            "Podemos pasar valores a una función mediante los <dfn>argumentos</dfn>. Puedes usar una sentencia <code>return</code> para enviar un valor de vuelta de una función.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>function masTres(num) {<br>  return num + 3;<br>}<br>var respuesta = masTres(5); // 8</blockquote>",
            "<code>masTres</code> toma un <dfn>argumento</dfn> que es <code>num</code> y retorna un valor igual a <code>num + 3</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Crea una función <code>timesFive</code> que acepte un argumento, lo multiplique por <code>5</code> y retorne el nuevo valor."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "598e8944f009e646fc236146",
      "title": "Understanding Undefined Value returned from a Function",
      "description": [
        "A function can include the <code>return</code> statement but it does not have to. In the case that the function doesn't have a <code>return</code> statement, when you call it, the function processes the inner code but the returned value is <code>undefined</code>.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var sum = 0;<br>function addSum(num) {<br>  sum = sum + num;<br>}<br>var returnedValue = addSum(3); // sum will be modified but returned value is undefined</blockquote>",
        "<code>addSum</code> is a function without a <code>return</code> statement. The function will change the global <code>sum</code> variable but the returned value of the function is <code>undefined</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a function <code>addFive</code> without any arguments. This function adds 5 to the <code>sum</code> variable, but its returned value is <code>undefined</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "August 11, 2017",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var sum = 0;",
        "function addThree() {",
        "  sum = sum + 3;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "",
        "",
        "// Only change code above this line",
        "var returnedValue = addFive();"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "var sum = 0;",
        "function addThree() {sum = sum + 3;}",
        "addThree();",
        "addFive();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function addFive() {\n sum = sum + 5;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof addFive === 'function', 'message: <code>addFive</code> should be a function');",
        "assert(sum === 8, 'message: <code>sum</code> should be equal to 8');",
        "assert(addFive() === undefined, 'message: Returned value from <code>addFive</code> should be <code>undefined</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/(sum\\s*\\=\\s*sum\\s*\\+\\s*5)|(sum\\s*\\+\\=\\s*5)/g).length === 1, 'message: Inside of your functions, add 5 to the <code>sum</code> variable');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c3",
      "title": "Assignment with a Returned Value",
      "description": [
        "If you'll recall from our discussion of <a href=\"storing-values-with-the-assignment-operator\" target=\"_blank\">Storing Values with the Assignment Operator</a>, everything to the right of the equal sign is resolved before the value is assigned. This means we can take the return value of a function and assign it to a variable.",
        "Assume we have pre-defined a function <code>sum</code> which adds two numbers together, then: ",
        "<code>ourSum = sum(5, 12);</code>",
        "will call <code>sum</code> function, which returns a value of <code>17</code> and assigns it to <code>ourSum</code> variable.",
        "<hr>",
        "Call the <code>processArg</code> function with an argument of <code>7</code> and assign its return value to the variable <code>processed</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var changed = 0;",
        "",
        "function change(num) {",
        "  return (num + 5) / 3;",
        "}",
        "",
        "changed = change(10);",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var processed = 0;",
        "",
        "function processArg(num) {",
        "  return (num + 3) / 5;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){return \"processed = \" + processed})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var processed = 0;\n\nfunction processArg(num) {\n  return (num + 3) / 5;\n}\n\nprocessed = processArg(7);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(processed === 2, 'message: <code>processed</code> should have a value of <code>2</code>');",
        "assert(/processed\\s*=\\s*processArg\\(\\s*7\\s*\\)\\s*;/.test(code), 'message: You should assign <code>processArg</code> to <code>processed</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Asignación con un valor retornado",
          "description": [
            "Si recuerdas de nuestra discusión de <a href=\"waypoint-storing-values-with-the-equal-operator\" target=\"_blank\">Almacenar Valores con el Operador Igual</a>, todo a la derecha del signo igual es resuelto antes que el valor sea asignado. Esto significa que nosotros podemos tomar el valor de retorno de una función y asignarlo a una variable.",
            "Supongamos que tenemos una función pre-definida <code>suma</code> la cual suma dos números, entonces: ",
            "<code>nuestraSuma = suma(5, 12);</code>",
            "llamará la función <code>suma</code>, la cual retornará un valor de <code>17</code> y lo asignará a la variable <code>nuestraSuma</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Llama la función <code>processArg</code> con un argumento <code>7</code> y asigna su valor de retorno a la variable <code>processed</code>."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/assignment-with-a-returned-value"
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c6",
      "title": "Stand in Line",
      "description": [
        "In Computer Science a <dfn>queue</dfn> is an abstract <dfn>Data Structure</dfn> where items are kept in order. New items can be added at the back of the <code>queue</code> and old items are taken off from the front of the <code>queue</code>.",
        "Write a function <code>nextInLine</code> which takes an array (<code>arr</code>) and a number (<code>item</code>) as arguments.",
        "Add the number to the end of the array, then remove the first element of the array.",
        "The <code>nextInLine</code> function should then return the element that was removed."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "head": [
        "var logOutput = [];",
        "var originalConsole = console",
        "function capture() {",
        "    var nativeLog = console.log;",
        "    console.log = function (message) {",
        "        logOutput.push(message);",
        "        if(nativeLog.apply) {",
        "          nativeLog.apply(originalConsole, arguments);",
        "        } else {",
        "          var nativeMsg = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments).join(' ');",
        "          nativeLog(nativeMsg);",
        "        }",
        "    };",
        "}",
        "",
        "function uncapture() {",
        "  console.log = originalConsole.log;",
        "}",
        "",
        "capture();"
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function nextInLine(arr, item) {",
        "  // Your code here",
        "  ",
        "  return item;  // Change this line",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Test Setup",
        "var testArr = [1,2,3,4,5];",
        "",
        "// Display Code",
        "console.log(\"Before: \" + JSON.stringify(testArr));",
        "console.log(nextInLine(testArr, 6)); // Modify this line to test",
        "console.log(\"After: \" + JSON.stringify(testArr));"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "uncapture();",
        "testArr = [1,2,3,4,5];",
        "(function() { return logOutput.join(\"\\n\");})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var testArr = [ 1,2,3,4,5];\n\nfunction nextInLine(arr, item) {\n    arr.push(item);\n    return arr.shift();\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert.isNumber(nextInLine([],5), 'message: <code>nextInLine([], 5)</code> should return a number.');",
        "assert(nextInLine([],1) === 1, 'message: <code>nextInLine([], 1)</code> should return <code>1</code>');",
        "assert(nextInLine([2],1) === 2, 'message: <code>nextInLine([2], 1)</code> should return <code>2</code>');",
        "assert(nextInLine([5,6,7,8,9],1) === 5, 'message: <code>nextInLine([5,6,7,8,9], 1)</code> should return <code>5</code>');",
        "nextInLine(testArr, 10); assert(testArr[4] === 10, 'message: After <code>nextInLine(testArr, 10)</code>, <code>testArr[4]</code> should be <code>10</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Hacer cola",
          "description": [
            "En Ciencias de la Computación una <dfn>cola</dfn> es una <dfn>Estructura de Datos</dfn> abstracta donde los elementos son mantenidos en orden. Nuevos elementos pueden ser agregados en la parte trasera de la <code>cola</code> y los elementos viejos son quitados desde el frente de la <code>cola</code>.",
            "Escribe una función <code>nextInLine</code> la cual toma un vector (<code>arr</code>) y un número (<code>item</code>) como argumentos. Agrega el número al final del vector, entonces retira el primer elemento del vector. La función nextInLine debe entonces devolver el elemento que se ha eliminado."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bd7123c9c441eddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Understanding Boolean Values",
      "description": [
        "Another data type is the <dfn>Boolean</dfn>. <code>Booleans</code> may only be one of two values: <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>. They are basically little on-off switches, where <code>true</code> is \"on\" and <code>false</code> is \"off.\"  These two states are mutually exclusive.",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br><code>Boolean</code> values are never written with quotes. The <code>strings</code> <code>\"true\"</code> and <code>\"false\"</code> are not <code>Boolean</code> and have no special meaning in JavaScript.",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the <code>welcomeToBooleans</code> function so that it returns <code>true</code> instead of <code>false</code> when the run button is clicked."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function welcomeToBooleans() {",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "return false; // Change this line",
        "",
        "// Only change code above this line.",
        "}"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "welcomeToBooleans();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function welcomeToBooleans() {\n  return true; // Change this line\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof welcomeToBooleans() === 'boolean', 'message: The <code>welcomeToBooleans()</code> function should return a boolean &#40;true/false&#41; value.');",
        "assert(welcomeToBooleans() === true, 'message: <code>welcomeToBooleans()</code> should return true.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Entiende los valores booleanos",
          "description": [
            "En informática las <code>estructuras de datos</code> son cosas que contienen datos. JavaScript tiene siete de estas. Por ejemplo, la estructura de datos <code>Número</code> contiene números. ",
            "Vamos a aprender acerca de la estructura de datos más básica de todas: el <code>Boolean</code>. Los booleanos sólo puede contener el valor verdadero o el valor falso. Son básicamente pequeños interruptores de encendido y apagado. ",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Vamos a modificar nuestra función <code>welcomeToBooleans</code> para que devuelva <code>true</code> en lugar de <code>false</code> cuando se pulse el botón de ejecución."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c12feddfaeb3bdef",
      "title": "Use Conditional Logic with If Statements",
      "description": [
        "<code>If</code> statements are used to make decisions in code. The keyword <code>if</code> tells JavaScript to execute the code in the curly braces under certain conditions, defined in the parentheses. These conditions are known as <code>Boolean</code> conditions and they may only be <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>.",
        "When the condition evaluates to <code>true</code>, the program executes the statement inside the curly braces. When the Boolean condition evaluates to <code>false</code>, the statement inside the curly braces will not execute.",
        "<strong>Pseudocode</strong>",
        "<blockquote>if (<i>condition is true</i>) {<br>  <i>statement is executed</i><br>}</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>function test (myCondition) {<br>  if (myCondition) {<br>     return \"It was true\";<br>  }<br>  return \"It was false\";<br>}<br>test(true);  // returns \"It was true\"<br>test(false); // returns \"It was false\"</blockquote>",
        "When <code>test</code> is called with a value of <code>true</code>, the <code>if</code> statement evaluates <code>myCondition</code> to see if it is <code>true</code> or not. Since it is <code>true</code>, the function returns <code>\"It was true\"</code>. When we call <code>test</code> with a value of <code>false</code>, <code>myCondition</code> is <em>not</em> <code>true</code> and the statement in the curly braces is not executed and the function returns <code>\"It was false\"</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Create an <code>if</code> statement inside the function to return <code>\"Yes, that was true\"</code> if the parameter <code>wasThatTrue</code> is <code>true</code> and return <code>\"No, that was false\"</code> otherwise."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "function ourTrueOrFalse(isItTrue) {",
        "  if (isItTrue) { ",
        "    return \"Yes, it's true\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"No, it's false\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "function trueOrFalse(wasThatTrue) {",
        "",
        "  // Only change code below this line.",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line.",
        "",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "trueOrFalse(true);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function trueOrFalse(wasThatTrue) {\n  if (wasThatTrue) {\n    return \"Yes, that was true\";\n  }\n  return \"No, that was false\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof trueOrFalse === \"function\", 'message: <code>trueOrFalse</code> should be a function');",
        "assert(typeof trueOrFalse(true) === \"string\", 'message: <code>trueOrFalse(true)</code> should return a string');",
        "assert(typeof trueOrFalse(false) === \"string\", 'message: <code>trueOrFalse(false)</code> should return a string');",
        "assert(trueOrFalse(true) === \"Yes, that was true\", 'message: <code>trueOrFalse(true)</code> should return \"Yes, that was true\"');",
        "assert(trueOrFalse(false) === \"No, that was false\", 'message: <code>trueOrFalse(false)</code> should return \"No, that was false\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usa lógica condicional con instrucciones if y else",
          "description": [
            "Podemos usar instrucciones <code>if</code> (\"if\" es \"si\" en español) en JavaScript para ejecutar código sólo cuando cierta condición se cumpla.",
            "Las instrucciones <code>if</code> requieren evaluar algún tipo de condición booleana.",
            "Por ejemplo:",
            "<code>if (1 === 2) {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;return true;</code>",
            "<code>} else {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;return false;</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "Vamos a usar la instrucción <code>if</code> con <code>else</code> (\"else\" puede traducirse como \"de lo contrario\") para hacer un juego de cara o sello.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Crea una instrucción <code>if</code> con <code>else</code> que retorne la cadena <code>\"heads\"</code> si la variable <code>flip</code> es cero, o bien que retorne <code >\"tails\"</code> si la variable <code>flip</code> no es cero. "
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d0",
      "title": "Comparison with the Equality Operator",
      "description": [
        "There are many <dfn>Comparison Operators</dfn> in JavaScript. All of these operators return a boolean <code>true</code> or <code>false</code> value.",
        "The most basic operator is the equality operator <code>==</code>. The equality operator compares two values and returns <code>true</code> if they're equivalent or <code>false</code> if they are not. Note that equality is different from assignment (<code>=</code>), which assigns the value at the right of the operator to a variable in the left.",
        "<blockquote>function equalityTest(myVal) {<br>  if (myVal == 10) {<br>     return \"Equal\";<br>  }<br>  return \"Not Equal\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "If <code>myVal</code> is equal to <code>10</code>, the equality operator returns <code>true</code>, so the code in the curly braces will execute, and the function will return <code>\"Equal\"</code>. Otherwise, the function will return <code>\"Not Equal\"</code>.",
        "In order for JavaScript to compare two different <code>data types</code> (for example, <code>numbers</code> and <code>strings</code>), it must convert one type to another. This is known as \"Type Coercion\". Once it does, however, it can compare terms as follows:",
        "<blockquote>   1   ==  1    // true<br>   1   ==  2    // false<br>   1   == '1'   // true<br>  \"3\"  ==  3    // true</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>equality operator</code> to the indicated line so that the function will return \"Equal\" when <code>val</code> is equivalent to <code>12</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function testEqual(val) {",
        "  if (val) { // Change this line",
        "    return \"Equal\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"Not Equal\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testEqual(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testEqual(val) {\n  if (val == 12) {\n    return \"Equal\";\n  }\n  return \"Not Equal\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testEqual(10) === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testEqual(10)</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testEqual(12) === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testEqual(12)</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(testEqual(\"12\") === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testEqual(\"12\")</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/==/g) && !code.match(/===/g), 'message: You should use the <code>==</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador de igualdad",
          "description": [
            "Hay muchos <dfn>Operadores de Comparación</dfn> en JavaScript. Todos estos operadores retornan un valor booleano <code>true</code>(verdadero) o <code>false</code>(falso).",
            "El operador más básico es el operador de igualdad <code>==</code>. El operador de igualdad compara dos valores y retorna <code>true</code> si son equivalentes o <code>false</code> si no lo son. Nota que la igualdad es diferente de la asignación (<code>=</code>), la cual asigna el valor a la derecha del operador a la variable en la izquierda.",
            "<blockquote>function pruebaIgualdad(miVal) {<br>  if (miVal == 10) {<br>     return \"Igual\";<br>  }<br>  return \"No Es Igual\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Si <code>miVal</code> es igual a <code>10</code>, el operador de igualdad retornará <code>true</code>(verdadero), así el código entre llaves será ejecutado y la función retornará <code>\"Equal\"</code>. De otra manera, la función retornará <code>\"Not Equal\"</code>.",
            "Para que JavaScript pueda comparar dos <code>tipos de datos</code> diferentes (por ejemplo, <code>números</code> y <code>cadenas de texto</code>), debe convertir un tipo a otro. Una vez que lo hace, sin embargo, puede comparar términos de la siguiente manera:",
            "<blockquote>   1   ==  1    // true<br>   1   ==  2    // false<br>   1   == '1'   // true<br>  \"3\"  ==  3    // true</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el <code>operador de igualdad</code> a la línea indicada de manera que la función retornará \"Equal\" cuando <code>val</code> sea equivalente a <code>12</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d1",
      "title": "Comparison with the Strict Equality Operator",
      "description": [
        "Strict equality (<code>===</code>) is the counterpart to the equality operator (<code>==</code>). However, unlike the equality operator, which attempts to convert both values being compared to a common type, the strict equality operator does not perform a type conversion.",
        "If the values being compared have different types, they are considered unequal, and the strict equality operator will return false.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>3 === 3   // true<br>3 === '3' // false</blockquote>",
        "In the second example, <code>3</code> is a <code>Number</code> type and <code>'3'</code> is a <code>String</code> type.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the strict equality operator in the <code>if</code> statement so the function will return \"Equal\" when <code>val</code> is strictly equal to <code>7</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function testStrict(val) {",
        "  if (val) { // Change this line",
        "    return \"Equal\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"Not Equal\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testStrict(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testStrict(val) {\n  if (val === 7) {\n    return \"Equal\";\n  }\n  return \"Not Equal\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testStrict(10) === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrict(10)</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testStrict(7) === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrict(7)</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(testStrict(\"7\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrict(\"7\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/(val\\s*===\\s*\\d+)|(\\d+\\s*===\\s*val)/g).length > 0, 'message: You should use the <code>===</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador de estricta igualdad",
          "description": [
            "Igualdad estricta (<code>===</code>) es la contraparte del operador de igualdad (<code>==</code>). Diferente al operador de igualdad, igualdad estricta prueba los <code>tipos de datos</code> y el valor de los elementos comparados.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote>3 === 3   // true<br>3 === '3' // falso</blockquote>",
            "En el segundo ejemplo, <code>3</code> es de tipo <code>Número</code> y <code>'3'</code> es de tipo <code>Cadena</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa el operador de igualdad estricta en la sentencia <code>if</code> de manera que la función retorne \"Equal\" cuando <code>val</code> es estrictamente igual a <code>7</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "599a789b454f2bbd91a3ff4d",
      "title": "Practice comparing different values",
      "description": [
        "In the last two challenges, we learned about the equality operator (<code>==</code>) and the strict equality operator (<code>===</code>). Let's do a quick review and practice using these operators some more.",
        "If the values being compared are not of the same type, the equality operator will perform a type conversion, and then evaluate the values. However, the strict equalty operator will compare both the data type and value as-is, without converting one type to the other.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>3 == '3'  // returns true because JavaScript performs type converstion from string to number<br>3 === '3' // returns false because the types are different and type conversion is not performed</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>In JavaScript, you can determine the type of a variable or a value with the <code>typeof</code> operator, as follows:",
        "<blockquote>typeof 3   // returns 'number'<br>typeof '3' // returns 'string'</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "The <code>compareEquality</code> function in the editor compares two values using the <code>equality operator</code>. Modify the function so that it returns \"Equal\" only when the values are strictly equal."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "August 21, 2017",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function compareEquality(a, b) {",
        "  if (a == b) { // Change this line",
        "    return \"Equal\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"Not Equal\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "compareEquality(10, \"10\");"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function compareEquality(a,b) {\n  if (a === b) {\n    return \"Equal\";\n  }\n  return \"Not Equal\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(compareEquality(10, \"10\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>compareEquality(10, \"10\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(compareEquality(\"20\", 20) === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>compareEquality(\"20\", 20)</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/===/g), 'message: You should use the <code>===</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d2",
      "title": "Comparison with the Inequality Operator",
      "description": [
        "The inequality operator (<code>!=</code>) is the opposite of the equality operator. It means \"Not Equal\" and returns <code>false</code> where equality would return <code>true</code> and <em>vice versa</em>. Like the equality operator, the inequality operator will convert data types of values while comparing.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>1 != 2      // true<br>1 != \"1\"    // false<br>1 != '1'    // false<br>1 != true   // false<br>0 != false  // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the inequality operator <code>!=</code> in the <code>if</code> statement so that the function will return \"Not Equal\" when <code>val</code> is not equivalent to <code>99</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function testNotEqual(val) {",
        "  if (val) { // Change this line",
        "    return \"Not Equal\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"Equal\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testNotEqual(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testNotEqual(val) {\n  if (val != 99) {\n    return \"Not Equal\";\n  }\n  return \"Equal\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testNotEqual(99) === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testNotEqual(99)</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(testNotEqual(\"99\") === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testNotEqual(\"99\")</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(testNotEqual(12) === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testNotEqual(12)</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testNotEqual(\"12\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testNotEqual(\"12\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testNotEqual(\"bob\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testNotEqual(\"bob\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/(?!!==)!=/), 'message: You should use the <code>!=</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador de desigualdad",
          "description": [
            "El operador de desigualdad (<code>!=</code>) es el opuesto al operador de igualdad. Esto significa \"No Igual a\" y retorna <code>false</code> cuando igualdad retornaría <code>true</code> y <em>viceversa</em>. Como el operador de igualdad, el operador de desigualdad convertirá tipos de datos mientras compara.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote>1 != 2      // true<br>1 != \"1\"    // false<br>1 != '1'    // false<br>1 != true   // false<br>0 != false  // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el operador de desigualdad <code>!=</code> en la sentencia <code>if</code> de manera que la función retorne \"Not Equal\" (No igual a) cuando <code>val</code> no es equivalente a <code>99</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d3",
      "title": "Comparison with the Strict Inequality Operator",
      "description": [
        "The strict inequality operator (<code>!==</code>) is the logical opposite of the strict equality operator. It means \"Strictly Not Equal\" and returns <code>false</code> where strict equality would return <code>true</code> and <em>vice versa</em>. Strict inequality will not convert data types.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>3 !== 3   // false<br>3 !== '3' // true<br>4 !== 3   // true</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>strict inequality operator</code> to the <code>if</code> statement so the function will return \"Not Equal\" when <code>val</code> is not strictly equal to <code>17</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function testStrictNotEqual(val) {",
        "  // Only Change Code Below this Line",
        "  ",
        "  if (val) {",
        "",
        "  // Only Change Code Above this Line",
        "",
        "    return \"Not Equal\";",
        "  }",
        "  return \"Equal\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testStrictNotEqual(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testStrictNotEqual(val) {\n  if (val !== 17) {\n    return \"Not Equal\";\n  }\n  return \"Equal\";\n}"
      ],
      "MDNlinks": [
        "Strict Inequality Operator"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testStrictNotEqual(17) === \"Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrictNotEqual(17)</code> should return \"Equal\"');",
        "assert(testStrictNotEqual(\"17\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrictNotEqual(\"17\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testStrictNotEqual(12) === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrictNotEqual(12)</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(testStrictNotEqual(\"bob\") === \"Not Equal\", 'message: <code>testStrictNotEqual(\"bob\")</code> should return \"Not Equal\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/(val\\s*!==\\s*\\d+)|(\\d+\\s*!==\\s*val)/g).length > 0, 'message: You should use the <code>!==</code> operator');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador de estricta desigualdad",
          "description": [
            "El operador de estricta desigualdad (<code>!==</code>) es el opuesto al operador de estricta igualdad. Esto significa \"Estrictamente no Igual\" y retorna <code>false</code>(falso) donde igualdad estricta retornaría <code>true</code>(verdadero) y <em>viceversa</em>. Estricta desigualdad no convertirá tipos de datos.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote>3 !== 3   // false<br>3 !== '3' // true<br>4 !== 3   // true</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el <code>operador de estricta desigualdad</code> a la sentencia <code>if</code> de manera que la función retorne \"Not Equal\" cuando <code>val</code> no es estrictamente igual a <code>17</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d4",
      "title": "Comparison with the Greater Than Operator",
      "description": [
        "The greater than operator (<code>&gt;</code>) compares the values of two numbers. If the number to the left is greater than the number to the right, it returns <code>true</code>. Otherwise, it returns <code>false</code>.",
        "Like the equality operator, greater than operator will convert data types of values while comparing.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote> 5 > 3   // true<br> 7 > '3' // true<br> 2 > 3   // false<br>'1' > 9  // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>greater than</code> operator to the indicated lines so that the return statements make sense."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testGreaterThan(val) {",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Over 100\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Over 10\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  return \"10 or Under\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testGreaterThan(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testGreaterThan(val) {\n  if (val > 100) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Over 100\";\n  }\n  if (val > 10) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Over 10\";\n  }\n  return \"10 or Under\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testGreaterThan(0) === \"10 or Under\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(0)</code> should return \"10 or Under\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(10) === \"10 or Under\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(10)</code> should return \"10 or Under\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(11) === \"Over 10\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(11)</code> should return \"Over 10\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(99) === \"Over 10\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(99)</code> should return \"Over 10\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(100) === \"Over 10\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(100)</code> should return \"Over 10\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(101) === \"Over 100\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(101)</code> should return \"Over 100\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterThan(150) === \"Over 100\", 'message: <code>testGreaterThan(150)</code> should return \"Over 100\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/val\\s*>\\s*('|\")*\\d+('|\")*/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use the <code>&gt;</code> operator at least twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador mayor que",
          "description": [
            "El operador mayor que (<code>&gt;</code>) compara los valores de dos números. Si el número a la izquierda es mayor que el número a la derecha, este returna <code>true</code>(verdadero). De otra manera, este retorna <code>false</code>(falso).",
            "Al igual que el operador de igualdad, el operador mayor que convertirá tipos de datos de valores mientras los compara.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote> 5 > 3   // true<br> 7 > '3' // true<br> 2 > 3   // false<br>'1' > 9  // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el operador <code>mayor que</code> para las líneas indicadas de manera que las sentencias retornadas tengan sentido."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d5",
      "title": "Comparison with the Greater Than Or Equal To Operator",
      "description": [
        "The <code>greater than or equal to</code> operator (<code>&gt;=</code>) compares the values of two numbers. If the number to the left is greater than or equal to the number to the right, it returns <code>true</code>. Otherwise, it returns <code>false</code>.",
        "Like the equality operator, <code>greater than or equal to</code> operator will convert data types while comparing.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote> 6  >=  6  // true<br> 7  >= '3' // true<br> 2  >=  3  // false<br>'7' >=  9  // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>greater than or equal to</code> operator to the indicated lines so that the return statements make sense."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testGreaterOrEqual(val) {",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"20 or Over\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"10 or Over\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  return \"Less than 10\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testGreaterOrEqual(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testGreaterOrEqual(val) {\n  if (val >= 20) {  // Change this line\n    return \"20 or Over\";\n  }\n  \n  if (val >= 10) {  // Change this line\n    return \"10 or Over\";\n  }\n\n  return \"Less than 10\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(0) === \"Less than 10\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(0)</code> should return \"Less than 10\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(9) === \"Less than 10\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(9)</code> should return \"Less than 10\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(10) === \"10 or Over\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(10)</code> should return \"10 or Over\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(11) === \"10 or Over\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(11)</code> should return \"10 or Over\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(19) === \"10 or Over\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(19)</code> should return \"10 or Over\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(100) === \"20 or Over\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(100)</code> should return \"20 or Over\"');",
        "assert(testGreaterOrEqual(21) === \"20 or Over\", 'message: <code>testGreaterOrEqual(21)</code> should return \"20 or Over\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/val\\s*>=\\s*('|\")*\\d+('|\")*/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use the <code>&gt;=</code> operator at least twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador mayor o ogual",
          "description": [
            "El operador <code>mayor o igual </code> (<code>&gt;=</code>) compara los valores de dos números. Si el número de la izquierda es mayor o igual a el número de la derecha, este retorna <code>true</code>(verdadero). De otra manera, este retorna <code>false</code>(falso).",
            "Como el operador de igualdad, el operador <code>mayor o igual</code> convertirá tipos de datos mientras está comparando.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote> 6  >=  6  // true<br> 7  >= '3' // true<br> 2  >=  3  // false<br>'7' >=  9  // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el operador <code>mayor o igual</code> a las líneas indicadas de manera que las sentencias de retorno tengan sentido."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d6",
      "title": "Comparison with the Less Than Operator",
      "description": [
        "The <dfn>less than</dfn> operator (<code>&lt;</code>) compares the values of two numbers. If the number to the left is less than the number to the right, it returns <code>true</code>. Otherwise, it returns <code>false</code>. Like the equality operator, <dfn>less than</dfn> operator converts data types while comparing.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>  2 &lt; 5  // true<br>'3' &lt; 7  // true<br>  5 &lt; 5  // false<br>  3 &lt; 2  // false<br>'8' &lt; 4  // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>less than</code> operator to the indicated lines so that the return statements make sense."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testLessThan(val) {",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Under 25\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Under 55\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  return \"55 or Over\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testLessThan(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testLessThan(val) {\n  if (val < 25) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Under 25\";\n  }\n  \n  if (val < 55) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Under 55\";\n  }\n\n  return \"55 or Over\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testLessThan(0) === \"Under 25\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(0)</code> should return \"Under 25\"');",
        "assert(testLessThan(24) === \"Under 25\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(24)</code> should return \"Under 25\"');",
        "assert(testLessThan(25) === \"Under 55\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(25)</code> should return \"Under 55\"');",
        "assert(testLessThan(54) === \"Under 55\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(54)</code> should return \"Under 55\"');",
        "assert(testLessThan(55) === \"55 or Over\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(55)</code> should return \"55 or Over\"');",
        "assert(testLessThan(99) === \"55 or Over\", 'message: <code>testLessThan(99)</code> should return \"55 or Over\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/val\\s*<\\s*('|\")*\\d+('|\")*/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use the <code>&lt;</code> operator at least twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador menor que",
          "description": [
            "El operador <dfn>menor que</dfn> (<code>&lt;</code>) compara los valores de dos números. Si el número a la izquierda es menor que el número de la derecha, este retorna <code>true</code>(verdadero). De otra manera, este retorna <code>false</code>(falso). Como el operador de igualdad, el operador <dfn>menor que</dfn> convierte tipos de datos mientra compara.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote>  2 &lt; 5  // true<br>'3' &lt; 7  // true<br>  5 &lt; 5  // false<br>  3 &lt; 2  // false<br>'8' &lt; 4  // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agregar el operador <code>menor que</code> a las líneas indicadas de modo que las sentencias de retorno tengan sentido."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d7",
      "title": "Comparison with the Less Than Or Equal To Operator",
      "description": [
        "The <code>less than or equal to</code> operator (<code>&lt;=</code>) compares the values of two numbers. If the number to the left is less than or equal to the number to the right, it returns <code>true</code>. If the number on the left is greater than the number on the right, it returns <code>false</code>. Like the equality operator, <code>less than or equal to</code> converts data types.",
        "<strong>Examples</strong>",
        "<blockquote>  4 &lt;= 5  // true<br>'7' &lt;= 7  // true<br>  5 &lt;= 5  // true<br>  3 &lt;= 2  // false<br>'8' &lt;= 4  // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Add the <code>less than or equal to</code> operator to the indicated lines so that the return statements make sense."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testLessOrEqual(val) {",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val) {  // Change this line",
        "    return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  return \"More Than 24\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testLessOrEqual(10);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testLessOrEqual(val) {\n  if (val <= 12) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\";\n  }\n  \n  if (val <= 24) {  // Change this line\n    return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\";\n  }\n\n  return \"More Than 24\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(0) === \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(0)</code> should return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(11) === \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(11)</code> should return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(12) === \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(12)</code> should return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 12\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(23) === \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(23)</code> should return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(24) === \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(24)</code> should return \"Smaller Than or Equal to 24\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(25) === \"More Than 24\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(25)</code> should return \"More Than 24\"');",
        "assert(testLessOrEqual(55) === \"More Than 24\", 'message: <code>testLessOrEqual(55)</code> should return \"More Than 24\"');",
        "assert(code.match(/val\\s*<=\\s*('|\")*\\d+('|\")*/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use the <code>&lt;=</code> operator at least twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador menor o igual",
          "description": [
            "El operador <code>menor o igual</code> (<code>&lt;=</code>) compara los valores de dos números. Si el número a la izquierda es menor o igual que el número de la derecha, este retorna <code>true</code>(verdadero). Si el número a la izquierda es mayor que el número de la derecha, este retorna <code>false</code>(falso). Al igual que el operador de igualdad, <code>menor o igual</code> convierte tipos de datos.",
            "<strong>Ejemplos</strong>",
            "<blockquote>  4 &lt;= 5  // true<br>'7' &lt;= 7  // true<br>  5 &lt;= 5  // true<br>  3 &lt;= 2  // false<br>'8' &lt;= 4  // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega el operador <code>menor o igual</code> a las líneas indicadas de modo que las sentencias de retorno tengan sentido."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d8",
      "title": "Comparisons with the Logical And Operator",
      "description": [
        "Sometimes you will need to test more than one thing at a time. The <dfn>logical and</dfn> operator (<code>&&</code>) returns <code>true</code> if and only if the <dfn>operands</dfn> to the left and right of it are true.",
        "The same effect could be achieved by nesting an if statement inside another if:",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 5) {<br>  if (num < 10) {<br>    return \"Yes\";<br>  }<br>}<br>return \"No\";</blockquote>",
        "will only return \"Yes\" if <code>num</code> is greater than <code>5</code> and less than <code>10</code>. The same logic can be written as:",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 5 && num < 10) {<br>  return \"Yes\";<br>}<br>return \"No\";</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Combine the two if statements into one statement which will return <code>\"Yes\"</code> if <code>val</code> is less than or equal to <code>50</code> and greater than or equal to <code>25</code>. Otherwise, will return <code>\"No\"</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testLogicalAnd(val) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "  if (val) {",
        "    if (val) {",
        "      return \"Yes\";",
        "    }",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return \"No\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testLogicalAnd(10);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testLogicalAnd(val) {\n  if (val >= 25 && val <= 50) {\n    return \"Yes\";\n  }\n  return \"No\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/&&/g).length === 1, 'message: You should use the <code>&&</code> operator once');",
        "assert(code.match(/if/g).length === 1, 'message: You should only have one <code>if</code> statement');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(0) === \"No\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(0)</code> should return \"No\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(24) === \"No\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(24)</code> should return \"No\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(25) === \"Yes\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(25)</code> should return \"Yes\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(30) === \"Yes\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(30)</code> should return \"Yes\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(50) === \"Yes\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(50)</code> should return \"Yes\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(51) === \"No\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(51)</code> should return \"No\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(75) === \"No\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(75)</code> should return \"No\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalAnd(80) === \"No\", 'message: <code>testLogicalAnd(80)</code> should return \"No\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador lógico y",
          "description": [
            "A veces necesitarás probar más de una cosa a la vez. El operador <dfn>lógico y</dfn> (<code>&&</code>) retorna <code>true</code>(verdadero) si y solo si los <dfn>operandos</dfn> a la izquierda y derecha de este son verdaderos.",
            "El mismo efecto podría lograrse anidando una sentencia if dentro de otro if:",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 5) {<br>  if (num < 10) {<br>    return \"Yes\";<br>  }<br>}<br>return \"No\";</blockquote>",
            "solo retornará \"Yes\" si <code>num</code> está entre <code>6</code> y <code>9</code> (6 y 9 incluidos). La misma lógica puede ser escrita como:",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 5 && num < 10) {<br>  return \"Yes\";<br>}<br>return \"No\";</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Combina las dos sentencias if dentro de una sentencia la cual retornará <code>\"Yes\"</code> si <code>val</code> es menor o igual a <code>50</code> y mayor o igual a <code>25</code>. De otra manera, retornará <code>\"No\"</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244d9",
      "title": "Comparisons with the Logical Or Operator",
      "description": [
        "The <dfn>logical or</dfn> operator (<code>||</code>) returns <code>true</code> if either of the <dfn>operands</dfn> is <code>true</code>. Otherwise, it returns <code>false</code>.",
        "The <dfn>logical or</dfn> operator is composed of two pipe symbols (<code>|</code>). This can typically be found between your Backspace and Enter keys.",
        "The pattern below should look familiar from prior waypoints:",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 10) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>if (num < 5) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>return \"Yes\";</blockquote>",
        "will return \"Yes\" only if <code>num</code> is between <code>5</code> and <code>10</code> (5 and 10 included). The same logic can be written as:",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 10 || num < 5) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>return \"Yes\";</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Combine the two <code>if</code> statements into one statement which returns <code>\"Outside\"</code> if <code>val</code> is not between <code>10</code> and <code>20</code>, inclusive. Otherwise, return <code>\"Inside\"</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testLogicalOr(val) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "  if (val) {",
        "    return \"Outside\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  if (val) {",
        "    return \"Outside\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return \"Inside\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testLogicalOr(15);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testLogicalOr(val) {\n  if (val < 10 || val > 20) {\n    return \"Outside\";\n  }\n  return \"Inside\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/\\|\\|/g).length === 1, 'message: You should use the <code>||</code> operator once');",
        "assert(code.match(/if/g).length === 1, 'message: You should only have one <code>if</code> statement');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(0) === \"Outside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(0)</code> should return \"Outside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(9) === \"Outside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(9)</code> should return \"Outside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(10) === \"Inside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(10)</code> should return \"Inside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(15) === \"Inside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(15)</code> should return \"Inside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(19) === \"Inside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(19)</code> should return \"Inside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(20) === \"Inside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(20)</code> should return \"Inside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(21) === \"Outside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(21)</code> should return \"Outside\"');",
        "assert(testLogicalOr(25) === \"Outside\", 'message: <code>testLogicalOr(25)</code> should return \"Outside\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "La comparación con el operador lógico o",
          "description": [
            "El operador <dfn>lógico o</dfn> (<code>||</code>) retorna <code>true</code>(verdadero) si cualquiera de los <dfn>operandos</dfn> es <code>true</code>(verdadero). De otra manera, este retorna <code>false</code>(falso).",
            "El patrón de abajo debería ser familiar de los puntos de referencia anteriores:",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 10) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>if (num < 5) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>return \"Yes\";</blockquote>",
            "retornará \"Yes\" solo si <code>num</code> está entre <code>5</code> y <code>10</code> (5 y 10 incluidos). La misma lógica puede ser escrita como:",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 10 || num < 5) {<br>  return \"No\";<br>}<br>return \"Yes\";</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Combina las dos sentencias <code>if</code> dentro de una sentencia la cual retorne <code>\"Outside\"</code> si <code>val</code> no está entre <code>10</code> y <code>20</code>, inclusive. De otra manera, retorna <code>\"Inside\"</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244da",
      "title": "Introducing Else Statements",
      "description": [
        "When a condition for an <code>if</code> statement is true, the block of code following it is executed. What about when that condition is false?  Normally nothing would happen. With an <code>else</code> statement, an alternate block of code can be executed.",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 10) {<br>  return \"Bigger than 10\";<br>} else {<br>  return \"10 or Less\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Combine the <code>if</code> statements into a single <code>if/else</code> statement."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testElse(val) {",
        "  var result = \"\";",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  if (val > 5) {",
        "    result = \"Bigger than 5\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val <= 5) {",
        "    result = \"5 or Smaller\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return result;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testElse(4);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testElse(val) {\n  var result = \"\";\n  if(val > 5) {\n    result = \"Bigger than 5\";\n  } else {\n    result = \"5 or Smaller\";\n  }\n  return result;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/if/g).length === 1, 'message: You should only have one <code>if</code> statement in the editor');",
        "assert(/else/g.test(code), 'message: You should use an <code>else</code> statement');",
        "assert(testElse(4) === \"5 or Smaller\", 'message: <code>testElse(4)</code> should return \"5 or Smaller\"');",
        "assert(testElse(5) === \"5 or Smaller\", 'message: <code>testElse(5)</code> should return \"5 or Smaller\"');",
        "assert(testElse(6) === \"Bigger than 5\", 'message: <code>testElse(6)</code> should return \"Bigger than 5\"');",
        "assert(testElse(10) === \"Bigger than 5\", 'message: <code>testElse(10)</code> should return \"Bigger than 5\"');",
        "assert(/var result = \"\";/.test(code) && /return result;/.test(code), 'message: Do not change the code above or below the lines.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Introducción de las sentencias else",
          "description": [
            "Cuando una condición de una sentencia <code>if</code> es verdadera, el siguiente bloque de código es ejecutado. ¿Y cuando esa condición es falsa? Normalmente nada pasaría. Con una sentencia <code>else</code>(además), un bloque alternativo de código puede ser ejecutado.",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 10) {<br>  return \"Más grande que 10\";<br>} else {<br>  return \"10 o Menos\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Combina las sentencias <code>if</code> dentro de una sola sentencia <code>if/else</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244db",
      "title": "Introducing Else If Statements",
      "description": [
        "If you have multiple conditions that need to be addressed, you can chain <code>if</code> statements together with <code>else if</code> statements.",
        "<blockquote>if (num > 15) {<br>  return \"Bigger than 15\";<br>} else if (num < 5) {<br>  return \"Smaller than 5\";<br>} else {<br>  return \"Between 5 and 15\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the logic to use <code>else if</code> statements."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testElseIf(val) {",
        "  if (val > 10) {",
        "    return \"Greater than 10\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  if (val < 5) {",
        "    return \"Smaller than 5\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  return \"Between 5 and 10\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testElseIf(7);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testElseIf(val) {\n  if(val > 10) {\n    return \"Greater than 10\";\n  } else if(val < 5) {\n    return \"Smaller than 5\";\n  } else {\n    return \"Between 5 and 10\";\n  }\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/else/g).length > 1, 'message: You should have at least two <code>else</code> statements');",
        "assert(code.match(/if/g).length > 1, 'message: You should have at least two <code>if</code> statements');",
        "assert(testElseIf(0) === \"Smaller than 5\", 'message: <code>testElseIf(0)</code> should return \"Smaller than 5\"');",
        "assert(testElseIf(5) === \"Between 5 and 10\", 'message: <code>testElseIf(5)</code> should return \"Between 5 and 10\"');",
        "assert(testElseIf(7) === \"Between 5 and 10\", 'message: <code>testElseIf(7)</code> should return \"Between 5 and 10\"');",
        "assert(testElseIf(10) === \"Between 5 and 10\", 'message: <code>testElseIf(10)</code> should return \"Between 5 and 10\"');",
        "assert(testElseIf(12) === \"Greater than 10\", 'message: <code>testElseIf(12)</code> should return \"Greater than 10\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Introducción de las sentencias else if",
          "description": [
            "Si tienes múltiples condiciones que deben abordarse, puedes encadenar sentencias <code>if</code> juntas con sentencias <code>else if</code>.",
            "<blockquote>if (num > 15) {<br>  return \"Más grande que 15\";<br>} else if (num < 5) {<br>  return \"Más pequeño que 5\";<br>} else {<br>  return \"Entre 5 y 15\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte la lógica para usar sentencias <code>else if</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5690307fddb111c6084545d7",
      "title": "Logical Order in If Else Statements",
      "description": [
        "Order is important in <code>if</code>, <code>else if</code> statements.",
        "The function is executed from top to bottom so you will want to be careful of what statement comes first.",
        "Take these two functions as an example.",
        "Here's the first:",
        "<blockquote>function foo(x) {<br>  if (x < 1) {<br>    return \"Less than one\";<br>  } else if (x < 2) {<br>    return \"Less than two\";<br>  } else {<br>    return \"Greater than or equal to two\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "And the second just switches the order of the statements:",
        "<blockquote>function bar(x) {<br>  if (x < 2) {<br>    return \"Less than two\";<br>  } else if (x < 1) {<br>    return \"Less than one\";<br>  } else {<br>    return \"Greater than or equal to two\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "While these two functions look nearly identical if we pass a number to both we get different outputs.",
        "<blockquote>foo(0) // \"Less than one\"<br>bar(0) // \"Less than two\"</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the order of logic in the function so that it will return the correct statements in all cases."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function orderMyLogic(val) {",
        "  if (val < 10) {",
        "    return \"Less than 10\";",
        "  } else if (val < 5) {",
        "    return \"Less than 5\";",
        "  } else {",
        "    return \"Greater than or equal to 10\";",
        "  }",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "orderMyLogic(7);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function orderMyLogic(val) {\n  if(val < 5) {\n    return \"Less than 5\";            \n  } else if (val < 10) {\n    return \"Less than 10\";\n  } else {\n    return \"Greater than or equal to 10\";\n  }\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(orderMyLogic(4) === \"Less than 5\", 'message: <code>orderMyLogic(4)</code> should return \"Less than 5\"');",
        "assert(orderMyLogic(6) === \"Less than 10\", 'message: <code>orderMyLogic(6)</code> should return \"Less than 10\"');",
        "assert(orderMyLogic(11) === \"Greater than or equal to 10\", 'message: <code>orderMyLogic(11)</code> should return \"Greater than or equal to 10\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Orden lógico en sentencias else if",
          "description": [
            "El orden es importante en las sentencia <code>if</code> y <code>else if</code>.",
            "El ciclo es ejecutado de arriba hacia abajo por lo que tendrás que ser cuidadoso de cual sentencia va primero.",
            "Toma estas dos funciones como ejemplo.",
            "Aquí está la primera:",
            "<blockquote>function foo(x) {<br>  if (x < 1) {<br>    return \"Menor que uno\";<br>  } else if (x < 2) {<br>    return \"Menor que dos\";<br>  } else {<br>    return \"Mayor o igual a dos\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Y el segundo solo cambia el orden de las sentencias:",
            "<blockquote>function bar(x) {<br>  if (x < 2) {<br>    return \"Menor que dos\";<br>  } else if (x < 1) {<br>    return \"Menor que uno\";<br>  } else {<br>    return \"Mayor o igual a dos\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Mientras esas dos funciones parecen casi idénticas, si nosotros pasamos un número a ambas obtendremos diferentes salidas.",
            "<blockquote>foo(0) // \"Menor que uno\"<br>bar(0) // \"Menor que dos\"</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia el orden de la lógica en la función de manera que esta retorne las sentencias correctas en todos los casos."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244dc",
      "title": "Chaining If Else Statements",
      "description": [
        "<code>if/else</code> statements can be chained together for complex logic. Here is <dfn>pseudocode</dfn> of multiple chained <code>if</code> / <code>else if</code> statements:",
        "<blockquote>if (<em>condition1</em>) {<br>  <em>statement1</em><br>} else if (<em>condition2</em>) {<br>  <em>statement2</em><br>} else if (<em>condition3</em>) {<br>  <em>statement3</em><br>. . .<br>} else {<br>  <em>statementN</em><br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Write chained <code>if</code>/<code>else if</code> statements to fulfill the following conditions:",
        "<code>num &lt;   5</code> - return \"Tiny\"<br><code>num &lt;  10</code> - return \"Small\"<br><code>num &lt; 15</code> - return \"Medium\"<br><code>num &lt; 20</code> - return \"Large\"<br><code>num >= 20</code>  - return \"Huge\""
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function testSize(num) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  return \"Change Me\";",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "testSize(7);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function testSize(num) {\n  if (num < 5) {\n    return \"Tiny\";\n  } else if (num < 10) {\n    return \"Small\";\n  } else if (num < 15) {\n    return \"Medium\";\n  } else if (num < 20) {\n    return \"Large\";\n  } else {\n    return \"Huge\";\n  }\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/else/g).length > 3, 'message: You should have at least four <code>else</code> statements');",
        "assert(code.match(/if/g).length > 3, 'message: You should have at least four <code>if</code> statements');",
        "assert(code.match(/return/g).length >= 1, 'message: You should have at least one <code>return</code> statement');",
        "assert(testSize(0) === \"Tiny\", 'message: <code>testSize(0)</code> should return \"Tiny\"');",
        "assert(testSize(4) === \"Tiny\", 'message: <code>testSize(4)</code> should return \"Tiny\"');",
        "assert(testSize(5) === \"Small\", 'message: <code>testSize(5)</code> should return \"Small\"');",
        "assert(testSize(8) === \"Small\", 'message: <code>testSize(8)</code> should return \"Small\"');",
        "assert(testSize(10) === \"Medium\", 'message: <code>testSize(10)</code> should return \"Medium\"');",
        "assert(testSize(14) === \"Medium\", 'message: <code>testSize(14)</code> should return \"Medium\"');",
        "assert(testSize(15) === \"Large\", 'message: <code>testSize(15)</code> should return \"Large\"');",
        "assert(testSize(17) === \"Large\", 'message: <code>testSize(17)</code> should return \"Large\"');",
        "assert(testSize(20) === \"Huge\", 'message: <code>testSize(20)</code> should return \"Huge\"');",
        "assert(testSize(25) === \"Huge\", 'message: <code>testSize(25)</code> should return \"Huge\"');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Encadenamiento de sentencias else if",
          "description": [
            "Las sentencias <code>if/else</code>(si/de lo contrario) pueden ser encadenadas juntas por una lógica compleja. Aquí está el <dfn>pseudocódigo</dfn> de múltiples sentencias <code>if</code> / <code>else if</code> encadenadas:",
            "<blockquote>if (<em>condicion1</em>) {<br>  <em>sentencias1</em><br>} else if (<em>condicion2</em>) {<br>  <em>sentencias2</em><br>} else if (<em>condicion3</em>) {<br>  <em>sentencias3</em><br>. . .<br>} else {<br>  <em>sentenciasN</em><br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Escribe sentencias <code>if</code>/<code>else if</code> encadenadas para cumplir las siguientes condiciones:",
            "<code>num &lt;   5</code> - retorna \"Tiny\"<br><code>num &lt;  10</code> - retorna \"Small\"<br><code>num &lt; 15</code> - retorna \"Medium\"<br><code>num &lt; 20</code> - retorna \"Large\"<br><code>num >= 20</code>  - retorna \"Huge\""
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5664820f61c48e80c9fa476c",
      "title": "Golf Code",
      "description": [
        "In the game of <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf\" target=\"_blank\">golf</a> each hole has a <code>par</code> meaning the average number of <code>strokes</code> a golfer is expected to make in order to sink the ball in a hole to complete the play. Depending on how far above or below <code>par</code> your <code>strokes</code> are, there is a different nickname.",
        "Your function will be passed <code>par</code> and <code>strokes</code> arguments. Return the correct string according to this table which lists the strokes in order of priority; top (highest) to bottom (lowest):",
        "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Strokes</th><th>Return</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>\"Hole-in-one!\"</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;= par - 2</td><td>\"Eagle\"</td></tr><tr><td>par - 1</td><td>\"Birdie\"</td></tr><tr><td>par</td><td>\"Par\"</td></tr><tr><td>par + 1</td><td>\"Bogey\"</td></tr><tr><td>par + 2</td><td>\"Double Bogey\"</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;= par + 3</td><td>\"Go Home!\"</td></tr></tbody></table>",
        "<code>par</code> and <code>strokes</code> will always be numeric and positive. We have added an array of all the names for your convenience."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var names = [\"Hole-in-one!\", \"Eagle\", \"Birdie\", \"Par\", \"Bogey\", \"Double Bogey\", \"Go Home!\"];",
        "function golfScore(par, strokes) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  return \"Change Me\";",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change these values to test",
        "golfScore(5, 4);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function golfScore(par, strokes) {\n  if (strokes === 1) {\n    return \"Hole-in-one!\";\n  }\n  \n  if (strokes <= par - 2) {\n    return \"Eagle\";\n  }\n  \n  if (strokes === par - 1) {\n    return \"Birdie\";\n  }\n  \n  if (strokes === par) {\n    return \"Par\";\n  }\n  \n  if (strokes === par + 1) {\n    return \"Bogey\";\n  }\n  \n  if(strokes === par + 2) {\n    return \"Double Bogey\";\n  }\n  \n  return \"Go Home!\";\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(golfScore(4, 1) === \"Hole-in-one!\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 1)</code> should return \"Hole-in-one!\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 2) === \"Eagle\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 2)</code> should return \"Eagle\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(5, 2) === \"Eagle\", 'message: <code>golfScore(5, 2)</code> should return \"Eagle\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 3) === \"Birdie\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 3)</code> should return \"Birdie\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 4) === \"Par\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 4)</code> should return \"Par\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(1, 1) === \"Hole-in-one!\", 'message: <code>golfScore(1, 1)</code> should return \"Hole-in-one!\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(5, 5) === \"Par\", 'message: <code>golfScore(5, 5)</code> should return \"Par\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 5) === \"Bogey\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 5)</code> should return \"Bogey\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 6) === \"Double Bogey\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 6)</code> should return \"Double Bogey\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(4, 7) === \"Go Home!\", 'message: <code>golfScore(4, 7)</code> should return \"Go Home!\"');",
        "assert(golfScore(5, 9) === \"Go Home!\", 'message: <code>golfScore(5, 9)</code> should return \"Go Home!\"');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Código de golf",
          "description": [
            "En el juego de <a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf' target='_blank'>golf</a> cada hoyo tiene un <dfn>par</dfn> promedio para el número de <dfn>golpes</dfn> necesarios para meter la pelota. Dependiendo de que tan lejos por encima o por debajo del <code>par</code> estén tus <code>golpes</code>, habrá un sobrenombre diferente.",
            "Tu función pasará un <code>par</code> y el número de <code>golpes</code>, y retornará una cadena de acuerdo a esta tabla (basada en el orden de prioridad - arriba (lo más alto) hacia abajo (lo más bajo)):",
            "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Golpes</th><th>Retorna</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>\"Hole-in-one!\"</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;= par - 2</td><td>\"Eagle\"</td></tr><tr><td>par - 1</td><td>\"Birdie\"</td></tr><tr><td>par</td><td>\"Par\"</td></tr><tr><td>par + 1</td><td>\"Bogey\"</td></tr><tr><td>par + 2</td><td>\"Double Bogey\"</td></tr><tr><td>&gt;= par + 3</td><td>\"Go Home!\"</td></tr></tbody></table>",
            "Tanto <code>par</code> como <code>golpes</code> siempre serán numéricos y positivos."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244dd",
      "title": "Selecting from Many Options with Switch Statements",
      "description": [
        "If you have many options to choose from, use a <code>switch</code> statement. A <code>switch</code> statement tests a value and can have many <code>case</code> statements which define various possible values. Statements are executed from the first matched <code>case</code> value until a <code>break</code> is encountered.",
        "Here is a <dfn>pseudocode</dfn> example:",
        "<blockquote>switch(num) {<br>  case value1:<br>    statement1;<br>    break;<br>  case value2:<br>    statement2;<br>    break;<br>...<br>  case valueN:<br>    statementN;<br>    break;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<code>case</code> values are tested with strict equality (<code>===</code>). The <code>break</code> tells JavaScript to stop executing statements. If the <code>break</code> is omitted, the next statement will be executed.",
        "<hr>",
        "Write a switch statement which tests <code>val</code> and sets <code>answer</code> for the following conditions:<br><code>1</code> - \"alpha\"<br><code>2</code> - \"beta\"<br><code>3</code> - \"gamma\"<br><code>4</code> - \"delta\""
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function caseInSwitch(val) {",
        "  var answer = \"\";",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line  ",
        "  return answer;  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "caseInSwitch(1);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function caseInSwitch(val) {\n  var answer = \"\";\n\n  switch(val) {\n    case 1:\n      answer = \"alpha\";\n      break;\n    case 2:\n      answer = \"beta\";\n      break;\n    case 3:\n      answer = \"gamma\";\n      break;\n    case 4:\n      answer = \"delta\";\n  }\n  return answer;  \n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(caseInSwitch(1) === \"alpha\", 'message: <code>caseInSwitch(1)</code> should have a value of \"alpha\"');",
        "assert(caseInSwitch(2) === \"beta\", 'message: <code>caseInSwitch(2)</code> should have a value of \"beta\"');",
        "assert(caseInSwitch(3) === \"gamma\", 'message: <code>caseInSwitch(3)</code> should have a value of \"gamma\"');",
        "assert(caseInSwitch(4) === \"delta\", 'message: <code>caseInSwitch(4)</code> should have a value of \"delta\"');",
        "assert(!/else/g.test(code) || !/if/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>if</code> or <code>else</code> statements');",
        "assert(code.match(/break/g).length > 2, 'message: You should have at least 3 <code>break</code> statements');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "MDNlinks": [
        "Switch Statement"
      ],
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Seleccionar desde diferentes opciones con la sentencia switch",
          "description": [
            "Si tienes varias opciones para elegir, usa una sentencia <code>switch</code>. Una sentencia <code>switch</code> prueba un valor y puede tener varias sentencias <code>case</code> las cuales definen varios posibles valores. Las sentencias son ejecutadas desde el primer valor <code>case</code> igualado hasta que se encuentr un <code>break</code>.",
            "Aquí hay un <dfn>pseudocódigo</dfn> de ejemplo:",
            "<blockquote>switch(num) {<br>  case valor1:<br>    sentencia1;<br>    break;<br>  case valor2:<br>    sentencia2;<br>    break;<br>...<br>  case valorN:<br>    sentenciaN;<br>    break;<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Los valores <code>case</code> son probados con estricta igualdad (<code>===</code>). El <code>break</code> le dice a JavaScript que pare la ejecución del bloque de sentencias en el que está. Si se omite <code>break</code>, se ejecutará la siguiente sentencia.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Escribe una sentencia <code>switch</code> que pruebe <code>val</code> y establezca <code>answer</code> para las siguientes condiciones:<br><code>1</code> - \"alpha\"<br><code>2</code> - \"beta\"<br><code>3</code> - \"gamma\"<br><code>4</code> - \"delta\""
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244de",
      "title": "Adding a Default Option in Switch Statements",
      "description": [
        "In a <code>switch</code> statement you may not be able to specify all possible values as <code>case</code> statements. Instead, you can add the <code>default</code> statement which will be executed if no matching <code>case</code> statements are found. Think of it like the final <code>else</code> statement in an <code>if/else</code> chain.",
        "A <code>default</code> statement should be the last case.",
        "<blockquote>switch (num) {<br>  case value1:<br>    statement1;<br>    break;<br>  case value2:<br>    statement2;<br>    break;<br>...<br>  default:<br>    defaultStatement;<br>    break;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Write a switch statement to set <code>answer</code> for the following conditions:<br><code>\"a\"</code> - \"apple\"<br><code>\"b\"</code> - \"bird\"<br><code>\"c\"</code> - \"cat\"<br><code>default</code> - \"stuff\""
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function switchOfStuff(val) {",
        "  var answer = \"\";",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line  ",
        "  return answer;  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "switchOfStuff(1);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function switchOfStuff(val) {\n  var answer = \"\";\n\n  switch(val) {\n    case \"a\":\n      answer = \"apple\";\n      break;\n    case \"b\":\n      answer = \"bird\";\n      break;\n    case \"c\":\n      answer = \"cat\";\n      break;\n    default:\n      answer = \"stuff\";\n  }\n  return answer;  \n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(switchOfStuff(\"a\") === \"apple\", 'message: <code>switchOfStuff(\"a\")</code> should have a value of \"apple\"');",
        "assert(switchOfStuff(\"b\") === \"bird\", 'message: <code>switchOfStuff(\"b\")</code> should have a value of \"bird\"');",
        "assert(switchOfStuff(\"c\") === \"cat\", 'message: <code>switchOfStuff(\"c\")</code> should have a value of \"cat\"');",
        "assert(switchOfStuff(\"d\") === \"stuff\", 'message: <code>switchOfStuff(\"d\")</code> should have a value of \"stuff\"');",
        "assert(switchOfStuff(4) === \"stuff\", 'message: <code>switchOfStuff(4)</code> should have a value of \"stuff\"');",
        "assert(!/else/g.test(code) || !/if/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>if</code> or <code>else</code> statements');",
        "assert(switchOfStuff(\"string-to-trigger-default-case\") === \"stuff\", 'message: You should use a <code>default</code> statement');",
        "assert(code.match(/break/g).length > 2, 'message: You should have at least 3 <code>break</code> statements');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Agregar una opción por omisión (default) en una sentencia switch",
          "description": [
            "En una sentencia <code>switch</code> puede que no seas capaz de especificar todos los posibles valores en las sentencias <code>case</code>. En su lugar, puedes agregar la sentencia <code>default</code> la cual será ejecutada si no es encontrada ninguna coincidencia con alguna sentencia <code>case</code>. Piensa en esto como la última sentencia <code>else</code> en una cadena <code>if/else</code>.",
            "Una sentencia <code>default</code> debería ser el último caso.",
            "<blockquote>switch(num) {<br>  case valor1:<br>    sentencia1;<br>    break;<br>  case valor2:<br>    sentencia2;<br>    break;<br>...<br>  default:<br>    sentenciaDefault;<br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Escribe una sentencia switch para establecer <code>answer</code> para las siguientes condiciones:<br><code>\"a\"</code> - \"apple\"<br><code>\"b\"</code> - \"bird\"<br><code>\"c\"</code> - \"cat\"<br><code>default</code> - \"stuff\""
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/adding-a-default-option-in-switch-statements"
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244df",
      "title": "Multiple Identical Options in Switch Statements",
      "description": [
        "If the <code>break</code> statement is omitted from a <code>switch</code> statement's <code>case</code>, the following <code>case</code> statement(s) are executed until a <code>break</code> is encountered. If you have multiple inputs with the same output, you can represent them in a <code>switch</code> statement like this:",
        "<blockquote>switch(val) {<br>  case 1:<br>  case 2:<br>  case 3:<br>    result = \"1, 2, or 3\";<br>    break;<br>  case 4:<br>    result = \"4 alone\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "Cases for 1, 2, and 3 will all produce the same result.",
        "<hr>",
        "Write a switch statement to set <code>answer</code> for the following ranges:<br><code>1-3</code> - \"Low\"<br><code>4-6</code> - \"Mid\"<br><code>7-9</code> - \"High\"",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>You will need to have a <code>case</code> statement for each number in the range."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function sequentialSizes(val) {",
        "  var answer = \"\";",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line  ",
        "  return answer;  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "sequentialSizes(1);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function sequentialSizes(val) {\n  var answer = \"\";\n  \n  switch(val) {\n    case 1:\n    case 2:\n    case 3:\n      answer = \"Low\";\n      break;\n    case 4:\n    case 5:\n    case 6:\n      answer = \"Mid\";\n      break;\n    case 7:\n    case 8:\n    case 9:\n      answer = \"High\";\n  }\n  \n  return answer;  \n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(sequentialSizes(1) === \"Low\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(1)</code> should return \"Low\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(2) === \"Low\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(2)</code> should return \"Low\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(3) === \"Low\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(3)</code> should return \"Low\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(4) === \"Mid\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(4)</code> should return \"Mid\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(5) === \"Mid\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(5)</code> should return \"Mid\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(6) === \"Mid\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(6)</code> should return \"Mid\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(7) === \"High\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(7)</code> should return \"High\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(8) === \"High\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(8)</code> should return \"High\"');",
        "assert(sequentialSizes(9) === \"High\", 'message: <code>sequentialSizes(9)</code> should return \"High\"');",
        "assert(!/else/g.test(code) || !/if/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>if</code> or <code>else</code> statements');",
        "assert(code.match(/case/g).length === 9, 'message: You should have nine <code>case</code> statements');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Múltiples opciones idénticas en una sentencias switch",
          "description": [
            "Si la sentencia <code>break</code> es omitida de una sentencia <code>case</code> de un <code>switch</code>, las siguientes sentencias <code>case</code> son ejecutadas hasta que sea encontrado un <code>break</code>. Si tienes multiples entradas con la misma salida, puede representarlas en una sentencia <code>switch</code> así:",
            "<blockquote>switch(val) {<br>  case 1:<br>  case 2:<br>  case 3:<br>    result = \"1, 2, or 3\";<br>    break;<br>  case 4:<br>    result = \"4 alone\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Los casos 1, 2, y 3 producirán el mismo resultado.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Escribe una sentencia <code>switch</code> para establecer <code>answer</code> para los siguientes rangos:<br><code>1-3</code> - \"Low\"<br><code>4-6</code> - \"Mid\"<br><code>7-9</code> - \"High\"",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>Necesitarás tener una sentencia <code>case</code> por cada número en el rango."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244e0",
      "title": "Replacing If Else Chains with Switch",
      "description": [
        "If you have many options to choose from, a <code>switch</code> statement can be easier to write than many chained <code>if</code>/<code>else if</code> statements. The following:",
        "<blockquote>if (val === 1) {<br>  answer = \"a\";<br>} else if (val === 2) {<br>  answer = \"b\";<br>} else {<br>  answer = \"c\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "can be replaced with:",
        "<blockquote>switch(val) {<br>  case 1:<br>    answer = \"a\";<br>    break;<br>  case 2:<br>    answer = \"b\";<br>    break;<br>  default:<br>    answer = \"c\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the chained <code>if</code>/<code>else if</code> statements into a <code>switch</code> statement."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function chainToSwitch(val) {",
        "  var answer = \"\";",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  if (val === \"bob\") {",
        "    answer = \"Marley\";",
        "  } else if (val === 42) {",
        "    answer = \"The Answer\";",
        "  } else if (val === 1) {",
        "    answer = \"There is no #1\";",
        "  } else if (val === 99) {",
        "    answer = \"Missed me by this much!\";",
        "  } else if (val === 7) {",
        "    answer = \"Ate Nine\";",
        "  }",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line  ",
        "  return answer;  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "chainToSwitch(7);",
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function chainToSwitch(val) {\n  var answer = \"\";\n\n  switch(val) {\n    case \"bob\":\n      answer = \"Marley\";\n      break;\n    case 42:\n      answer = \"The Answer\";\n      break;\n    case 1:\n      answer = \"There is no #1\";\n      break;\n    case 99:\n      answer = \"Missed me by this much!\";\n      break;\n    case 7:\n      answer = \"Ate Nine\";\n  }\n  return answer;  \n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(!/else/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>else</code> statements anywhere in the editor');",
        "assert(!/if/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>if</code> statements anywhere in the editor');",
        "assert(code.match(/break/g).length >= 4, 'message: You should have at least four <code>break</code> statements');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(\"bob\") === \"Marley\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(\"bob\")</code> should be \"Marley\"');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(42) === \"The Answer\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(42)</code> should be \"The Answer\"');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(1) === \"There is no #1\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(1)</code> should be \"There is no #1\"');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(99) === \"Missed me by this much!\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(99)</code> should be \"Missed me by this much!\"');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(7) === \"Ate Nine\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(7)</code> should be \"Ate Nine\"');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(\"John\") === \"\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(\"John\")</code> should be \"\" (empty string)');",
        "assert(chainToSwitch(156) === \"\", 'message: <code>chainToSwitch(156)</code> should be \"\" (empty string)');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Reemplazar cadenas if else con switch",
          "description": [
            "Si tienes varias opciones para elegir, una sentencia <code>switch</code> puede ser más fácil de escribir que varias sentencias <code>if</code>/<code>if else</code> anidadas. Lo siguiente:",
            "<blockquote>if (val === 1) {<br>  respuesta = \"a\";<br>} else if (val === 2) {<br>  respuesta = \"b\";<br>} else {<br>  respuesta = \"c\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "puede ser reemplazado con:",
            "<blockquote>switch(val) {<br>  case 1:<br>    respuesta = \"a\";<br>    break;<br>  case 2:<br>    respuesta = \"b\";<br>    break;<br>  default:<br>    respuesta = \"c\";<br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia las sentencias <code>if</code>/<code>if else</code> anidadas dentro de una sentencia <code>switch</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5679ceb97cbaa8c51670a16b",
      "title": "Returning Boolean Values from Functions",
      "description": [
        "You may recall from <a href=\"waypoint-comparison-with-the-equality-operator\" target=\"_blank\">Comparison with the Equality Operator</a> that all comparison operators return a boolean <code>true</code> or <code>false</code> value.",
        "Sometimes people use an if/else statement to do a comparison, like this:",
        "<blockquote>function isEqual(a,b) {<br>  if (a === b) {<br>    return true;<br>  } else {<br>    return false;<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "But there's a better way to do this. Since <code>===</code> returns <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, we can return the result of the comparison:",
        "<blockquote>function isEqual(a,b) {<br>  return a === b;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Fix the function <code>isLess</code> to remove the <code>if/else</code> statements."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function isLess(a, b) {",
        "  // Fix this code",
        "  if (a < b) {",
        "    return true;",
        "  } else {",
        "    return false;",
        "  }",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change these values to test",
        "isLess(10, 15);"
      ],
      "tail": [
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function isLess(a, b) {\n  return a < b;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(isLess(10,15) === true, 'message: <code>isLess(10,15)</code> should return <code>true</code>');",
        "assert(isLess(15, 10) === false, 'message: <code>isLess(15,10)</code> should return <code>false</code>');",
        "assert(!/if|else/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use any <code>if</code> or <code>else</code> statements');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Retornar valores booleanos desde funciones",
          "description": [
            "Tal vez recuerdes de <a href=\"waypoint-comparison-with-the-equality-operator\" target=\"_blank\">La comparación con el operador de igualdad</a> que todos los operadores de comparación retornan un valor booleano <code>true</code> (verdadero) o <code>false</code> (falso).",
            "Un <dfn>anti-patrón</dfn> común es usar una sentencia <code>if/else</code> para hacer una comparación y entonces retornar <code>true</code> o <code>false</code>:",
            "<blockquote>function sonIguales(a,b) {<br>  if (a === b) {<br>    return true;<br>  } else {<br>    return false;<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Ya que <code>===</code> returna <code>true</code> (verdadero) o <code>false</code> (falso), podemos simplemente retornar el resultado de la comparación:",
            "<blockquote>function sonIguales(a,b) {<br>  return a === b;<br>}</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Arregla la función <code>isLess</code> para remover las sentencias <code>if/else</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c4",
      "title": "Return Early Pattern for Functions",
      "description": [
        "When a <code>return</code> statement is reached, the execution of the current function stops and control returns to the calling location.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>function myFun() {<br>  console.log(\"Hello\");<br>  return \"World\";<br>  console.log(\"byebye\")<br>}<br>myFun();</blockquote>",
        "The above outputs \"Hello\" to the console, returns \"World\", but <code>\"byebye\"</code> is never output, because the function exits at the <code>return</code> statement.",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the function <code>abTest</code> so that if <code>a</code> or <code>b</code> are less than <code>0</code> the function will immediately exit with a value of <code>undefined</code>.",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Remember that <a href='http://www.freecodecamp.org/challenges/understanding-uninitialized-variables' target='_blank'><code>undefined</code> is a keyword</a>, not a string."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function abTest(a, b) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "",
        "  return Math.round(Math.pow(Math.sqrt(a) + Math.sqrt(b), 2));",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change values below to test your code",
        "abTest(2,2);"
      ],
      "tail": [
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function abTest(a, b) {\n  if(a < 0 || b < 0) {\n    return undefined;\n  } \n  return Math.round(Math.pow(Math.sqrt(a) + Math.sqrt(b), 2));\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof abTest(2,2) === 'number' , 'message: <code>abTest(2,2)</code> should return a number');",
        "assert(abTest(2,2) === 8 , 'message: <code>abTest(2,2)</code> should return <code>8</code>');",
        "assert(abTest(-2,2) === undefined , 'message: <code>abTest(-2,2)</code> should return <code>undefined</code>');",
        "assert(abTest(2,-2) === undefined , 'message: <code>abTest(2,-2)</code> should return <code>undefined</code>');",
        "assert(abTest(2,8) === 18 , 'message: <code>abTest(2,8)</code> should return <code>18</code>');",
        "assert(abTest(3,3) === 12 , 'message: <code>abTest(3,3)</code> should return <code>12</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Retornar un patrón temprano para funciones",
          "description": [
            "Cuando se alcanza una sentencia <code>return</code>, la ejecución de la presente función se detiene y el control la retorna a la ubicación de la llamada.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>function miFuncion() {<br>  console.log(\"Hola\");<br>  return \"Mundo\";<br>  console.log(\"chaochao\")<br>}<br>miFuncion();</blockquote>",
            "Esta presenta en consola \"Hola\", retorna \"Mundo\", pero <code>\"chaochao\"</code> nunca se presenta, porque la función sale con la sentencia <code>return</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Modifica la función <code>abTest</code> de manera que si <code>a</code> o <code>b</code> son menores que <code>0</code> la función saldrá inmediatamente con un valor <code>undefined</code>.",
            "<strong>Pista</strong><br>Recuerda que <a href='http://www.freecodecamp.org/challenges/understanding-uninitialized-variables' target='_blank'><code>undefined</code> es una palabra clave</a>, no una cadena."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "565bbe00e9cc8ac0725390f4",
      "title": "Counting Cards",
      "description": [
        "In the casino game Blackjack, a player can gain an advantage over the house by keeping track of the relative number of high and low cards remaining in the deck. This is called <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_counting' target='_blank'>Card Counting</a>.",
        "Having more high cards remaining in the deck favors the player. Each card is assigned a value according to the table below. When the count is positive, the player should bet high. When the count is zero or negative, the player should bet low.",
        "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Count Change</th><th>Cards</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td>2, 3, 4, 5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>7, 8, 9</td></tr><tr><td>-1</td><td>10, 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A'</td></tr></tbody></table>",
        "You will write a card counting function. It will receive a <code>card</code> parameter, which can be a number or a string, and increment or decrement the global <code>count</code> variable according to the card's value (see table). The function will then return a string with the current count and the string <code>Bet</code> if the count is positive, or <code>Hold</code> if the count is zero or negative. The current count and the player's decision (<code>Bet</code> or <code>Hold</code>) should be separated by a single space.",
        "<strong>Example Output</strong><br><code>-3 Hold</code><br><code>5 Bet</code>",
        "<strong>Hint</strong><br>Do NOT reset <code>count</code> to 0 when value is 7, 8, or 9.<br>Do NOT return an array.<br>Do NOT include quotes (single or double) in the output."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var count = 0;",
        "",
        "function cc(card) {",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  return \"Change Me\";",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Add/remove calls to test your function.",
        "// Note: Only the last will display",
        "cc(2); cc(3); cc(7); cc('K'); cc('A');"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var count = 0;\nfunction cc(card) {\n  switch(card) {\n    case 2:\n    case 3:\n    case 4:\n    case 5:\n    case 6:\n      count++;\n      break;\n    case 10:\n    case 'J':\n    case 'Q':\n    case 'K':\n    case 'A':\n      count--;\n  }\n  if(count > 0) {\n    return count + \" Bet\";\n  } else {\n    return count + \" Hold\";\n  }\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(2);cc(3);cc(4);cc(5);var out = cc(6); if(out === \"5 Bet\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 should return <code>5 Bet</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(7);cc(8);var out = cc(9); if(out === \"0 Hold\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 7, 8, 9 should return <code>0 Hold</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(10);cc('J');cc('Q');cc('K');var out = cc('A'); if(out === \"-5 Hold\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 10, J, Q, K, A should return <code>-5 Hold</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(3);cc(7);cc('Q');cc(8);var out = cc('A'); if(out === \"-1 Hold\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 3, 7, Q, 8, A should return <code>-1 Hold</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(2);cc('J');cc(9);cc(2);var out = cc(7); if(out === \"1 Bet\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 2, J, 9, 2, 7 should return <code>1 Bet</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(2);cc(2);var out = cc(10); if(out === \"1 Bet\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 2, 2, 10 should return <code>1 Bet</code>');",
        "assert((function(){ count = 0; cc(3);cc(2);cc('A');cc(10);var out = cc('K'); if(out === \"-1 Hold\") {return true;} return false; })(), 'message: Cards Sequence 3, 2, A, 10, K should return <code>-1 Hold</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Contar cartas",
          "description": [
            "En el juego de casino Blackjack, un jugador puede conseguir ventaja sobre la casa manteniendo un registro del número relativo de cartas altas y bajas restantes en la baraja. Esto es llamado <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_counting' target='_blank'>Conteo de Cartas</a>.",
            "Tener más cartas altas restantes en la baraja favorece al jugador. A cada carta se le asigna un valor de acuerdo a la tabla de abajo. Cuando el conteo es positivo, el jugador debe apostar alto. Cuando el conteo es cero o negativo, el jugador debe apostar bajo.",
            "<table class=\"table table-striped\"><thead><tr><th>Valor</th><th>Cartas</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>+1</td><td>2, 3, 4, 5, 6</td></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>7, 8, 9</td></tr><tr><td>-1</td><td>10, 'J', 'Q', 'K','A'</td></tr></tbody></table>",
            "Vas a escribir una función de conteo de cartas. Esta recibirá un parametro <code>card</code> (carta) e incrementa o decrementa la variable <code>count</code> (conteo) global de acuerdo al valor de la carta (ver tabla). La función retornará entonces una cadena con el presente conteo y la cadena <code>Bet</code> si el conteo es positivo o <code>Hold</code> si el conteo es cero o negativo. El presente conteo y la desición del jugador (<code>Bet</code> o <code>Hold</code>) deben quedar separada por un único espacio.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo de Salida</strong><br><code>-3 Hold<br>5 Bet</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392d0",
      "title": "Build JavaScript Objects",
      "description": [
        "You may have heard the term <code>object</code> before.",
        "Objects are similar to <code>arrays</code>, except that instead of using indexes to access and modify their data, you access the data in objects through what are called <code>properties</code>.",
        "Objects are useful for storing data in a structured way, and can represent real world objects, like a cat.",
        "Here's a sample cat object:",
        "<blockquote>var cat = {<br>  \"name\": \"Whiskers\",<br>  \"legs\": 4,<br>  \"tails\": 1,<br>  \"enemies\": [\"Water\", \"Dogs\"]<br>};</blockquote>",
        "In this example, all the properties are stored as strings, such as - <code>\"name\"</code>, <code>\"legs\"</code>, and <code>\"tails\"</code>. However, you can also use numbers as properties. You can even omit the quotes for single-word string properties, as follows:",
        "<blockquote>var anotherObject = {<br>  make: \"Ford\",<br>  5: \"five\",<br>  \"model\": \"focus\"<br>};</blockquote>",
        "However, if your object has any non-string properties, JavaScript will automatically typecast them as strings.",
        "<hr>",
        "Make an object that represents a dog called <code>myDog</code> which contains the properties <code>\"name\"</code> (a string), <code>\"legs\"</code>, <code>\"tails\"</code> and <code>\"friends\"</code>.",
        "You can set these object properties to whatever values you want, as long <code>\"name\"</code> is a string, <code>\"legs\"</code> and <code>\"tails\"</code> are numbers, and <code>\"friends\"</code> is an array."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Camper\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"]",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "var myDog = {",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "};"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return z;})(myDog);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myDog = {\n  \"name\": \"Camper\",\n  \"legs\": 4,\n  \"tails\": 1,\n  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"]  \n};"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert((function(z){if(z.hasOwnProperty(\"name\") && z.name !== undefined && typeof z.name === \"string\"){return true;}else{return false;}})(myDog), 'message: <code>myDog</code> should contain the property <code>name</code> and it should be a <code>string</code>.');",
        "assert((function(z){if(z.hasOwnProperty(\"legs\") && z.legs !== undefined && typeof z.legs === \"number\"){return true;}else{return false;}})(myDog), 'message: <code>myDog</code> should contain the property <code>legs</code> and it should be a <code>number</code>.');",
        "assert((function(z){if(z.hasOwnProperty(\"tails\") && z.tails !== undefined && typeof z.tails === \"number\"){return true;}else{return false;}})(myDog), 'message: <code>myDog</code> should contain the property <code>tails</code> and it should be a <code>number</code>.');",
        "assert((function(z){if(z.hasOwnProperty(\"friends\") && z.friends !== undefined && Array.isArray(z.friends)){return true;}else{return false;}})(myDog), 'message: <code>myDog</code> should contain the property <code>friends</code> and it should be an <code>array</code>.');",
        "assert((function(z){return Object.keys(z).length === 4;})(myDog), 'message: <code>myDog</code> should only contain all the given properties.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Construye objetos en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Es posible que haya oído el término <code>objeto</code> antes.",
            "Los objetos son similares a los <code>vectores</code>, excepto que en lugar de utilizar los índices para acceder y modificar sus datos, pueden accederse mediante lo que se llama <code>propiedades</code>.",
            "Esto es un objeto de ejemplo:",
            "<code>var cat = {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"name\": \"Whiskers\",</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"legs\": 4,</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"tails\": 1,</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"enemies\": [\"Water\", \"Dogs\"]</code>",
            "<code>};</code>",
            "Los objetos son útiles para almacenar datos de manera estructurada, y pueden representar objetos del mundo real, como un gato.",
            "Vamos a tratar de hacer un objeto que representa un perro, lo llamaremos <code>mydog</code> y contendrá las propiedades <code>\"name\"</code> (una cadena con el nombre), <code>\"legs\"</code> (piernas), <code>\"tails\"</code> (colas) y <code>\"friends\" (amigos)</code>. ",
            "Podrás establecer estas propiedades del objeto en los valores que desees, siempre y cuando <code>\"name\"</code> sea una cadena, <code>\"legs\"</code> y <code>\"tails\"</code> sean números, y <code>\"friends\"</code> sea un vector."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c7",
      "title": "Accessing Object Properties with Dot Notation",
      "description": [
        "There are two ways to access the properties of an object: dot notation (<code>.</code>) and bracket notation (<code>[]</code>), similar to an array.",
        "Dot notation is what you use when you know the name of the property you're trying to access ahead of time.",
        "Here is a sample of using dot notation (<code>.</code>) to read an object's property:",
        "<blockquote>var myObj = {<br>  prop1: \"val1\",<br>  prop2: \"val2\"<br>};<br>var prop1val = myObj.prop1; // val1<br>var prop2val = myObj.prop2; // val2</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Read in the property values of <code>testObj</code> using dot notation. Set the variable <code>hatValue</code> equal to the object's property <code>hat</code> and set the variable <code>shirtValue</code> equal to the object's property <code>shirt</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var testObj = {",
        "  \"hat\": \"ballcap\",",
        "  \"shirt\": \"jersey\",",
        "  \"shoes\": \"cleats\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var hatValue = testObj;      // Change this line",
        "var shirtValue = testObj;    // Change this line"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b) { return \"hatValue = '\" + a + \"', shirtValue = '\" + b + \"'\"; })(hatValue,shirtValue);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var testObj = {\n  \"hat\": \"ballcap\",\n  \"shirt\": \"jersey\",\n  \"shoes\": \"cleats\"\n};\n\nvar hatValue = testObj.hat;  \nvar shirtValue = testObj.shirt;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof hatValue === 'string' , 'message: <code>hatValue</code> should be a string');",
        "assert(hatValue === 'ballcap' , 'message: The value of <code>hatValue</code> should be <code>\"ballcap\"</code>');",
        "assert(typeof shirtValue === 'string' , 'message: <code>shirtValue</code> should be a string');",
        "assert(shirtValue === 'jersey' , 'message: The value of <code>shirtValue</code> should be <code>\"jersey\"</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/testObj\\.\\w+/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use dot notation twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a propiedades de objetos con el operador punto",
          "description": [
            "Hay dos maneras de acceder a las propiedades de un objeto: con el operador punto (<code>.</code>) y con la notación corchete (<code>[]</code>), similar al caso de un vector.",
            "El operador punto es el que usas cuando de antemano sabes el nombre de la propiedad que estás intentando acceder.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo del uso del operador punto (<code>.</code>) para leer una propiedad de un objeto:",
            "<blockquote>var miObj = {<br>  prop1: \"val1\",<br>  prop2: \"val2\"<br>};<br>var prop1val = miObj.prop1; // val1<br>var prop2val = miObj.prop2; // val2</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Lee los valores de propiedades de <code>testObj</code> usando notación punto. Asigna la variable <code>hatValue</code> igual a la propiedad objeto <code>hat</code> y asigna la variable <code>shirtValue</code> igual a la propiedad objeto <code>shirt</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c8",
      "title": "Accessing Object Properties with Bracket Notation",
      "description": [
        "The second way to access the properties of an object is bracket notation (<code>[]</code>). If the property of the object you are trying to access has a space in its name, you will need to use bracket notation.",
        "However, you can still use bracket notation on object properties without spaces.",
        "Here is a sample of using bracket notation to read an object's property:",
        "<blockquote>var myObj = {<br>  \"Space Name\": \"Kirk\",<br>  \"More Space\": \"Spock\",<br>  \"NoSpace\": \"USS Enterprise\"<br>};<br>myObj[\"Space Name\"]; // Kirk<br>myObj['More Space']; // Spock<br>myObj[\"NoSpace\"];    // USS Enterprise</blockquote>",
        "Note that property names with spaces in them must be in quotes (single or double).",
        "<hr>",
        "Read the values of the properties <code>\"an entree\"</code> and <code>\"the drink\"</code> of <code>testObj</code> using bracket notation and assign them to <code>entreeValue</code> and <code>drinkValue</code> respectively."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var testObj = {",
        "  \"an entree\": \"hamburger\",",
        "  \"my side\": \"veggies\",",
        "  \"the drink\": \"water\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var entreeValue = testObj;   // Change this line",
        "var drinkValue = testObj;    // Change this line"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(a,b) { return \"entreeValue = '\" + a + \"', drinkValue = '\" + b + \"'\"; })(entreeValue,drinkValue);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var testObj = {\n  \"an entree\": \"hamburger\",\n  \"my side\": \"veggies\",\n  \"the drink\": \"water\"\n};\nvar entreeValue = testObj[\"an entree\"];\nvar drinkValue = testObj['the drink'];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof entreeValue === 'string' , 'message: <code>entreeValue</code> should be a string');",
        "assert(entreeValue === 'hamburger' , 'message: The value of <code>entreeValue</code> should be <code>\"hamburger\"</code>');",
        "assert(typeof drinkValue === 'string' , 'message: <code>drinkValue</code> should be a string');",
        "assert(drinkValue === 'water' , 'message: The value of <code>drinkValue</code> should be <code>\"water\"</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/testObj\\s*?\\[('|\")[^'\"]+\\1\\]/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use bracket notation twice');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a las propiedades de objetos con la notación corchete",
          "description": [
            "La segunda manera de acceder a las propiedades de un objeto es con la notación corchete (<code>[]</code>). Si el nombre de la propiedad del objeto que estás intentando acceder tiene un espacio, necesitarás usar la notación corchete.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo del uso de la notación corchete para leer una propiedad de un objeto:",
            "<blockquote>var miObj = {<br>  \"Nombre con espacio\": \"Kirk\",<br>  \"Mas espacio\": \"Spock\"<br>};<br>miObj[\"Nombre con espacio\"]; // Kirk<br>miObj['Mas espacio']; // Spock</blockquote>",
            "Nota que los nombres de propiedades con espacios tienen que estar entre comillas (apóstrofes o comillas).",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Lee los valores de las propiedades <code>\"an entree\"</code> y <code>\"the drink\"</code> de <code>testObj</code> usando la notación corchete."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl": "https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/accessing-objects-properties-with-bracket-notation"
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244c9",
      "title": "Accessing Object Properties with Variables",
      "description": [
        "Another use of bracket notation on objects is to access a property which is stored as the value of a variable. This can be very useful for iterating through an object's properties or when accessing a lookup table.",
        "Here is an example of using a variable to access a property:",
        "<blockquote>var dogs = {<br>  Fido: \"Mutt\",\n  Hunter: \"Doberman\",\n  Snoopie: \"Beagle\"<br>};<br>var myDog = \"Hunter\";<br>var myBreed = dogs[myDog];<br>console.log(myBreed); // \"Doberman\"</blockquote>",
        "Another way you can use this concept is when the property's name is collected dynamically during the program execution, as follows:",
        "<blockquote>var someObj = {<br>  propName: \"John\"<br>};<br>function propPrefix(str) {<br>  var s = \"prop\";<br>  return s + str;<br>}<br>var someProp = propPrefix(\"Name\"); // someProp now holds the value 'propName'<br>console.log(obj[someProp]); // \"John\"</blockquote>",
        "Note that we  do <em>not</em> use quotes around the variable name when using it to access the property because we are using the <em>value</em> of the variable, not the <em>name</em>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>playerNumber</code> variable to look up player <code>16</code> in <code>testObj</code> using bracket notation. Then assign that name to the <code>player</code> variable."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var testObj = {",
        "  12: \"Namath\",",
        "  16: \"Montana\",",
        "  19: \"Unitas\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line;",
        "",
        "var playerNumber;       // Change this Line",
        "var player = testObj;   // Change this Line"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof player !== \"undefined\"){(function(v){return v;})(player);}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var testObj = {\n  12: \"Namath\",\n  16: \"Montana\",\n  19: \"Unitas\"\n};\nvar playerNumber = 16;\nvar player = testObj[playerNumber];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof playerNumber === 'number', 'message: <code>playerNumber</code> should be a number');",
        "assert(typeof player === 'string', 'message: The variable <code>player</code> should be a string');",
        "assert(player === 'Montana', 'message: The value of <code>player</code> should be \"Montana\"');",
        "assert(/testObj\\s*?\\[.*?\\]/.test(code),'message: You should use bracket notation to access <code>testObj</code>');",
        "assert(!code.match(/player\\s*=\\s*\"|\\'\\s*Montana\\s*\"|\\'\\s*;/gi),'message: You should not assign the value <code>Montana</code> to the variable <code>player</code> directly.');",
        "assert(/testObj\\s*?\\[\\s*playerNumber\\s*\\]/.test(code),'message: You should be using the variable <code>playerNumber</code> in your bracket notation');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a propiedades de objetos con variables",
          "description": [
            "Otro uso de la notación corchete sobre objetos es usar una variable para acceder a una propiedad. Esto puede ser muy útil en iteraciones sobre la lista de propiedades de un objetos o para hacer operaciones de búsqueda.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo del uso de una variable para acceder a una propiedad:",
            "<blockquote>var algunaProp = \"propNombre\";<br>var miObj = {<br>  propNombre: \"Algún valor\"<br >}<br>miObj[algunaProp]; // \"Algún valor\"</blockquote>",
            "Aquí hay uno más:",
            "<blockquote>var miPerro = \"Cazador\";<br>var perros = {<br>  Fido: \"Mutt\",\n  Cazador: \"Doberman\",\n  Snoopie: \"Beagle\"<br >}<br>var raza = perros[miPerro]; // \"Cazador\"<br>console.log(raza)// \"Doberman\"</blockquote>",
            "Nota que <em>no</em> usamos comillas alrededor del nombre de la variable (<code>miPerro</code>) cuando la usamos para acceder a la propiedad (<code>perros[miPerro]</code> porque estamos usando el <em>valor</em> de la variable y no su <em>nombre</em>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa la variable <code>playerNumber</code> para buscar y asignar a <code>player</code> el jugador <code>16</code> de <code>testObj</code>, usa la notación corchete."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/accessing-objects-properties-with-variables"
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392d1",
      "title": "Updating Object Properties",
      "description": [
        "After you've created a JavaScript object, you can update its properties at any time just like you would update any other variable. You can use either dot or bracket notation to update.",
        "For example, let's look at <code>ourDog</code>:",
        "<blockquote>var ourDog = {<br>  \"name\": \"Camper\",<br>  \"legs\": 4,<br>  \"tails\": 1,<br>  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"]<br>};</blockquote>",
        "Since he's a particularly happy dog, let's change his name to \"Happy Camper\". Here's how we update his object's name property:",
        "<code>ourDog.name = \"Happy Camper\";</code> or",
        "<code>ourDog[\"name\"] = \"Happy Camper\";</code>",
        "Now when we evaluate <code>ourDog.name</code>, instead of getting \"Camper\", we'll get his new name, \"Happy Camper\".",
        "<hr>",
        "Update the <code>myDog</code> object's name property. Let's change her name from \"Coder\" to \"Happy Coder\". You can use either dot or bracket notation."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Camper\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"]",
        "};",
        "",
        "ourDog.name = \"Happy Camper\";",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Coder\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"]",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return z;})(myDog);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myDog = {\n  \"name\": \"Coder\",\n  \"legs\": 4,\n  \"tails\": 1,\n  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"]\n};\nmyDog.name = \"Happy Coder\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/happy coder/gi.test(myDog.name), 'message: Update <code>myDog</code>&apos;s <code>\"name\"</code> property to equal \"Happy Coder\".');",
        "assert(/\"name\": \"Coder\"/.test(code), 'message: Do not edit the <code>myDog</code> definition');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Actualiza las propiedades de un objeto en JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Después de que hayas creado un objeto de JavaScript, puedes actualizar sus propiedades en cualquier momento, tal y como harías con cualquier otra variable.",
            "Por ejemplo, echemos un vistazo a <code>ourDog</code>:",
            "<code>var ourDog = {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"name\": \"Camper\",</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"legs\": 4,</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"tails\": 1,</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;\"friends\": [\"everything!\"]</code>",
            "<code>};</code>",
            "Dado que es un perro particularmente feliz, vamos a cambiar su nombre a \"Happy Camper\". Así es como actualizamos la propiedad nombre del objeto: ",
            "<code>ourDog.name = \"Happy Camper\";</code>",
            "Ahora, cuando ejecutemos <code>return ourDog.name</code>, en lugar de obtener \"Camper\", vamos a recibir su nuevo nombre, \"Happy Camper\".",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Vamos a actualizar la propiedad del objeto <code>mydog</code>. Cambiemos su nombre de \"Coder\" a \"Happy Coder\"."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392d2",
      "title": "Add New Properties to a JavaScript Object",
      "description": [
        "You can add new properties to existing JavaScript objects the same way you would modify them.",
        "Here's how we would add a <code>\"bark\"</code> property to <code>ourDog</code>:",
        "<code>ourDog.bark = \"bow-wow\";</code> ",
        "or",
        "<code>ourDog[\"bark\"] = \"bow-wow\";</code>",
        "Now when we evaluate <code>ourDog.bark</code>, we'll get his bark, \"bow-wow\".",
        "<hr>",
        "Add a <code>\"bark\"</code> property to <code>myDog</code> and set it to a dog sound, such as \"woof\". You may use either dot or bracket notation."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Camper\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"]",
        "};",
        "",
        "ourDog.bark = \"bow-wow\";",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Happy Coder\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"]",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return z;})(myDog);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myDog = {\n  \"name\": \"Happy Coder\",\n  \"legs\": 4,\n  \"tails\": 1,\n  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"]\n};\nmyDog.bark = \"Woof Woof\";"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(myDog.bark !== undefined, 'message: Add the property <code>\"bark\"</code> to <code>myDog</code>.');",
        "assert(!/bark[^\\n]:/.test(code), 'message: Do not add <code>\"bark\"</code> to the setup section');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Añade nuevas propiedades a un objeto JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Puedes añadir nuevas propiedades a objetos existente de la misma forma que usarías para modificarlos.",
            "Así es como añadimos una propiedad <code>\"bark\"</code> (ladra) a nuestro objeto <code>ourDog</code>:",
            "<code>ourDog.bark = \"bow-wow\";</code>",
            "Ahora, cuando ejecutemos <code>return ourDog.bark</code>, vamos a recbir su ladrido, \" bow-wow \".",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Vamos a añadir una propiedad <code>ladra</code> a <code>myDog</code> y a ponerle un sonido de perro, tal como \"woof\"."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56bbb991ad1ed5201cd392d3",
      "title": "Delete Properties from a JavaScript Object",
      "description": [
        "We can also delete properties from objects like this:",
        "<code>delete ourDog.bark;</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Delete the <code>\"tails\"</code> property from <code>myDog</code>. You may use either dot or bracket notation."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Camper\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"],",
        "  \"bark\": \"bow-wow\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "delete ourDog.bark;",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myDog = {",
        "  \"name\": \"Happy Coder\",",
        "  \"legs\": 4,",
        "  \"tails\": 1,",
        "  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"],",
        "  \"bark\": \"woof\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(z){return z;})(myDog);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourDog = {\n  \"name\": \"Camper\",\n  \"legs\": 4,\n  \"tails\": 1,\n  \"friends\": [\"everything!\"],\n  \"bark\": \"bow-wow\"\n};\nvar myDog = {\n  \"name\": \"Happy Coder\",\n  \"legs\": 4,\n  \"tails\": 1,\n  \"friends\": [\"freeCodeCamp Campers\"],\n  \"bark\": \"woof\"\n};\ndelete myDog.tails;"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof myDog === \"object\" && myDog.tails === undefined, 'message: Delete the property <code>\"tails\"</code> from <code>myDog</code>.');",
        "assert(code.match(/\"tails\": 1/g).length > 1, 'message: Do not modify the <code>myDog</code> setup');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Elimina propiedades de un objeto JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "También podemos eliminar propiedades de los objetos de esta manera:",
            "<code>delete ourDog.bark;</code>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Borremos la propiedad <code>\"tails\"</code> de <code>myDog</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244ca",
      "title": "Using Objects for Lookups",
      "description": [
        "Objects can be thought of as a key/value storage, like a dictionary. If you have tabular data, you can use an object to \"lookup\" values rather than a <code>switch</code> statement or an <code>if/else</code> chain. This is most useful when you know that your input data is limited to a certain range.",
        "Here is an example of a simple reverse alphabet lookup:",
        "<blockquote>var alpha = {<br>  1:\"Z\",<br>  2:\"Y\",<br>  3:\"X\",<br>  4:\"W\",<br>  ...<br>  24:\"C\",<br>  25:\"B\",<br>  26:\"A\"<br>};<br>alpha[2]; // \"Y\"<br>alpha[24]; // \"C\"<br><br>var value = 2;<br>alpha[value]; // \"Y\"</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Convert the switch statement into an object called <code>lookup</code>. Use it to look up <code>val</code> and assign the associated string to the <code>result</code> variable."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "function phoneticLookup(val) {",
        "  var result = \"\";",
        "",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  switch(val) {",
        "    case \"alpha\": ",
        "      result = \"Adams\";",
        "      break;",
        "    case \"bravo\": ",
        "      result = \"Boston\";",
        "      break;",
        "    case \"charlie\": ",
        "      result = \"Chicago\";",
        "      break;",
        "    case \"delta\": ",
        "      result = \"Denver\";",
        "      break;",
        "    case \"echo\": ",
        "      result = \"Easy\";",
        "      break;",
        "    case \"foxtrot\": ",
        "      result = \"Frank\";",
        "  }",
        "",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return result;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change this value to test",
        "phoneticLookup(\"charlie\");"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function phoneticLookup(val) {\n  var result = \"\";\n\n  var lookup = {\n    alpha: \"Adams\",\n    bravo: \"Boston\",\n    charlie: \"Chicago\",\n    delta: \"Denver\",\n    echo: \"Easy\",\n    foxtrot: \"Frank\"\n  };\n\n  result = lookup[val];\n\n  return result;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"alpha\") === 'Adams', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"alpha\")</code> should equal <code>\"Adams\"</code>');",
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"bravo\") === 'Boston', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"bravo\")</code> should equal <code>\"Boston\"</code>');",
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"charlie\") === 'Chicago', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"charlie\")</code> should equal <code>\"Chicago\"</code>');",
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"delta\") === 'Denver', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"delta\")</code> should equal <code>\"Denver\"</code>');",
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"echo\") === 'Easy', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"echo\")</code> should equal <code>\"Easy\"</code>');",
        "assert(phoneticLookup(\"foxtrot\") === 'Frank', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"foxtrot\")</code> should equal <code>\"Frank\"</code>');",
        "assert(typeof phoneticLookup(\"\") === 'undefined', 'message: <code>phoneticLookup(\"\")</code> should equal <code>undefined</code>');",
        "assert(code.match(/return\\sresult;/), 'message: You should not modify the <code>return</code> statement');",
        "assert(!/case|switch|if/g.test(code), 'message: You should not use <code>case</code>, <code>switch</code>, or <code>if</code> statements'); "
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Usar objetos para búsquedas",
          "description": [
            "Los objetos pueden ser considerados como un almacenamiento llave/valor, como un diccionario. Si tienes datos tabulados, puedes almacenarlos en un objeto para después \"buscar\" valores, en lugar de emplear una sentencia <code>switch</code> o una secuencia de <code>if/else</code>. Esto es más útil cuando sabes que tus datos de entrada son limitados a un cierto rango.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo de una simple búsqueda inversa de alfabeto:",
            "<blockquote>var alfa = {<br>  1:\"Z\",<br>  2:\"Y\",<br>  3:\"X\",<br>  4:\"W\",<br>  ...<br>  24:\"C\",<br>  25:\"B\",<br>  26:\"A\"<br>};<br>alfa[2]; // \"Y\"<br>alfa[24]; // \"C\"<br><br>var valor = 2;<br>alfa[valor]; // \"Y\"</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Convierte la sentencia switch en una tabla de búsqueda llamada <code>lookup</code>. Usala para buscar <code>val</code> y asigna la cadena asociada a la variable <code>result</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "567af2437cbaa8c51670a16c",
      "title": "Testing Objects for Properties",
      "description": [
        "Sometimes it is useful to check if the property of a given object exists or not. We can use the <code>.hasOwnProperty(propname)</code> method of objects to determine if that object has the given property name. <code>.hasOwnProperty()</code> returns <code>true</code> or <code>false</code> if the property is found or not.",
        "<strong>Example</strong>",
        "<blockquote>var myObj = {<br>  top: \"hat\",<br>  bottom: \"pants\"<br>};<br>myObj.hasOwnProperty(\"top\");    // true<br>myObj.hasOwnProperty(\"middle\"); // false</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify the function <code>checkObj</code> to test <code>myObj</code> for <code>checkProp</code>. If the property is found, return that property's value. If not, return <code>\"Not Found\"</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myObj = {",
        "  gift: \"pony\",",
        "  pet: \"kitten\",",
        "  bed: \"sleigh\"",
        "};",
        "",
        "function checkObj(checkProp) {",
        "  // Your Code Here",
        "  ",
        "  return \"Change Me!\";",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Test your code by modifying these values",
        "checkObj(\"gift\");"
      ],
      "tail": [
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myObj = {\n  gift: \"pony\",\n  pet: \"kitten\",\n  bed: \"sleigh\"\n};\nfunction checkObj(checkProp) {\n  if(myObj.hasOwnProperty(checkProp)) {\n    return myObj[checkProp];\n  } else {\n    return \"Not Found\";\n  }\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(checkObj(\"gift\") === \"pony\", 'message: <code>checkObj(\"gift\")</code> should return  <code>\"pony\"</code>.');",
        "assert(checkObj(\"pet\") === \"kitten\", 'message: <code>checkObj(\"pet\")</code> should return  <code>\"kitten\"</code>.');",
        "assert(checkObj(\"house\") === \"Not Found\", 'message: <code>checkObj(\"house\")</code> should return  <code>\"Not Found\"</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Probar si un objeto tiene cierta propiedad",
          "description": [
            "A veces es útil revisar si cierta propiedad existe o no en un objeto dado. Podemos usar el método de objetos <code>.hasOwnProperty(nomprop)</code> para determinar si un objeto tiene la propiedad <code>nomprop</code>. <code>.hasOwnProperty()</code> retorna <code>true</code> o <code>false</code> si la propiedad es encontrada o no.",
            "<strong>Ejemplo</strong>",
            "<blockquote>var miObj = {<br>  arriba: \"sombrero\",<br>  abajo: \"pantalones\"<br>};<br>miObj.hasOwnProperty(\"arriba\");    // true<br>miObj.hasOwnProperty(\"medio\"); // false</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Modifica la función <code>checkObj</code> que prueba si <code>myObj</code> tiene la propiedad <code>checkProp</code>. Si la propiedad es encontrada, retorna el valor de esa propiedad. Si no, retorna <code>\"Not Found\"</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244cb",
      "title": "Manipulating Complex Objects",
      "description": [
        "Sometimes you may want to store data in a flexible <dfn>Data Structure</dfn>. A JavaScript object is one way to handle flexible data. They allow for arbitrary combinations of <dfn>strings</dfn>, <dfn>numbers</dfn>, <dfn>booleans</dfn>, <dfn>arrays</dfn>, <dfn>functions</dfn>, and <dfn>objects</dfn>.",
        "Here's an example of a complex data structure:",
        "<blockquote>var ourMusic = [<br>  {<br>    \"artist\": \"Daft Punk\",<br>    \"title\": \"Homework\",<br>    \"release_year\": 1997,<br>    \"formats\": [ <br>      \"CD\", <br>      \"Cassette\", <br>      \"LP\"<br>    ],<br>    \"gold\": true<br>  }<br>];</blockquote>",
        "This is an array which contains one object inside. The object has various pieces of <dfn>metadata</dfn> about an album. It also has a nested <code>\"formats\"</code> array. If you want to add more album records, you can do this by adding records to the top level array.",
        "Objects hold data in a property, which has a key-value format. In the example above, <code>\"artist\": \"Daft Punk\"</code> is a property that has a key of <code>\"artist\"</code> and a value of <code>\"Daft Punk\"</code>.",
        "<a href='http://www.json.org/' target=_blank>JavaScript Object Notation</a> or <code>JSON</code> is a related data interchange format used to store data.",
        "<blockquote>{<br>  \"artist\": \"Daft Punk\",<br>  \"title\": \"Homework\",<br>  \"release_year\": 1997,<br>  \"formats\": [ <br>    \"CD\",<br>    \"Cassette\",<br>    \"LP\"<br>  ],<br>  \"gold\": true<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>You will need to place a comma after every object in the array, unless it is the last object in the array.",
        "<hr>",
        "Add a new album to the <code>myMusic</code> array. Add <code>artist</code> and <code>title</code> strings, <code>release_year</code> number, and a <code>formats</code> array of strings."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var myMusic = [",
        "  {",
        "    \"artist\": \"Billy Joel\",",
        "    \"title\": \"Piano Man\",",
        "    \"release_year\": 1973,",
        "    \"formats\": [ ",
        "      \"CD\",",
        "      \"8T\",",
        "      \"LP\"",
        "    ],",
        "    \"gold\": true",
        "  }",
        "  // Add record here",
        "];",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(x){ if (Array.isArray(x)) { return JSON.stringify(x); } return \"myMusic is not an array\"})(myMusic);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myMusic = [\n  {\n    \"artist\": \"Billy Joel\",\n    \"title\": \"Piano Man\",\n    \"release_year\": 1973,\n    \"formats\": [ \n      \"CS\", \n      \"8T\", \n      \"LP\" ],\n    \"gold\": true\n  }, \n  {\n    \"artist\": \"ABBA\",\n    \"title\": \"Ring Ring\",\n    \"release_year\": 1973,\n    \"formats\": [ \n      \"CS\", \n      \"8T\", \n      \"LP\",\n    \"CD\",\n  ]\n  }\n];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(Array.isArray(myMusic), 'message: <code>myMusic</code> should be an array');",
        "assert(myMusic.length > 1, 'message: <code>myMusic</code> should have at least two elements');",
        "assert(typeof myMusic[1] === 'object', 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should be an object');",
        "assert(Object.keys(myMusic[1]).length > 3, 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should have at least 4 properties');",
        "assert(myMusic[1].hasOwnProperty('artist') && typeof myMusic[1].artist === 'string', 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should contain an <code>artist</code> property which is a string');",
        "assert(myMusic[1].hasOwnProperty('title') && typeof myMusic[1].title === 'string', 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should  contain a <code>title</code> property which is a string');",
        "assert(myMusic[1].hasOwnProperty('release_year') && typeof myMusic[1].release_year === 'number', 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should contain a <code>release_year</code> property which is a number');",
        "assert(myMusic[1].hasOwnProperty('formats') && Array.isArray(myMusic[1].formats), 'message: <code>myMusic[1]</code> should contain a <code>formats</code> property which is an array');",
        "assert(myMusic[1].formats.every(function(item) { return (typeof item === \"string\")}) && myMusic[1].formats.length > 1, 'message: <code>formats</code> should be an array of strings with at least two elements');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Manipula objetos complicados",
          "description": [
            "Los objetos Javascript son flexibles porque permiten <dfn>Estructuras de Datos</dfn> con combinaciones arbitrarias de <dfn>cadenas</dfn>, <dfn>números</dfn>, <dfn>booleanos</dfn>, <dfn>vectores</dfn>, <dfn>funciones</dfn>, y <dfn>objetos</dfn>.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo de un objeto complicado:",
            "<blockquote>var nuestraMusica = [<br>  {<br>    \"artista\": \"Daft Punk\",<br>    \"titulo\": \"Homework\",<br>    \"año_publicacion\": 1997,<br>    \"formatos\": [ <br>      \"CD\", <br>      \"Cassette\", <br>      \"LP\" ],<br>    \"oro\": true<br>  }<br>];</blockquote>",
            "Este es un vector de objetos con diversos <dfn>metadatos</dfn> acerca de un álbum musical. Además tiene anidado un vector <code>formatos</code>. En el vector de nivel superior, pueden añadirse otros registros del álbum.",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>En vectores que tengan más de un objeto, necesitarás separar un objeto de otro mediante comas.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Agrega un nuevo álbum al objeto <code>myMusic</code>. Agrega las cadenas <code>artist</code> y <code>title</code>, el número <code>release_year</code> y un vector de cadenas <code>formats</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244cc",
      "title": "Accessing Nested Objects",
      "description": [
        "The sub-properties of objects can be accessed by chaining together the dot or bracket notation.",
        "Here is a nested object:",
        "<blockquote>var ourStorage = {<br>  \"desk\": {<br>    \"drawer\": \"stapler\"<br>  },<br>  \"cabinet\": {<br>    \"top drawer\": { <br>      \"folder1\": \"a file\",<br>      \"folder2\": \"secrets\"<br>    },<br>    \"bottom drawer\": \"soda\"<br>  }<br>};<br>ourStorage.cabinet[\"top drawer\"].folder2;  // \"secrets\"<br>ourStorage.desk.drawer; // \"stapler\"</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Access the <code>myStorage</code> object and assign the contents of the <code>glove box</code> property to the <code>gloveBoxContents</code> variable. Use bracket notation for properties with a space in their name."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myStorage = {",
        "  \"car\": {",
        "    \"inside\": {",
        "      \"glove box\": \"maps\",",
        "      \"passenger seat\": \"crumbs\"",
        "     },",
        "    \"outside\": {",
        "      \"trunk\": \"jack\"",
        "    }",
        "  }",
        "};",
        "",
        "var gloveBoxContents = undefined; // Change this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(x) { ",
        "  if(typeof x != 'undefined') { ",
        "    return \"gloveBoxContents = \" + x;",
        "  }",
        "  return \"gloveBoxContents is undefined\";",
        "})(gloveBoxContents);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myStorage = {  \n  \"car\":{  \n    \"inside\":{  \n      \"glove box\":\"maps\",\n      \"passenger seat\":\"crumbs\"\n    },\n    \"outside\":{  \n      \"trunk\":\"jack\"\n    }\n  }\n};\nvar gloveBoxContents = myStorage.car.inside[\"glove box\"];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(gloveBoxContents === \"maps\", 'message: <code>gloveBoxContents</code> should equal \"maps\"');",
        "assert(/=\\s*myStorage\\.car\\.inside\\[\\s*(\"|')glove box\\1\\s*\\]/g.test(code), 'message: Use dot and bracket notation to access <code>myStorage</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a objetos anidados",
          "description": [
            "Las sub-propiedades de los objetos pueden ser accesadas mediante encadenamiento de la notación punto o corchete.",
            "Aquí está un objeto anidado:",
            "<blockquote>var nuestroAlmacen = {<br>  \"escritorio\": {<br>    \"cajon\": \"grapadora\"<br>  },<br>  \"armario\": {<br>    \"cajón superior\": { <br>      \"legajador1\": \"un archivo\",<br>      \"legajador2\": \"secretos\"<br>    },<br>    \"cajón inferior\": \"gaseosa\"<br>  }<br>}<br>nuestroAlmacen.armario[\"cajón superior\"].legajador2;  // \"secretos\"<br>nuestroAlmacen.escritorio.cajon; // \"grapadora\"</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Accede al objeto <code>myStorage</code> para recuperar el contenido de <code>glove box</code>. Usa notación corchete para las propiedades con un espacio en su nombre."
          ]
        }
      },
      "urlGuide":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/accessing-nested-objects-in-json"
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244cd",
      "title": "Accessing Nested Arrays",
      "description": [
        "As we have seen in earlier examples, objects can contain both nested objects and nested arrays. Similar to accessing nested objects, Array bracket notation can be chained to access nested arrays.",
        "Here is an example of how to access a nested array:",
        "<blockquote>var ourPets = [<br>  {<br>    animalType: \"cat\",<br>    names: [<br>      \"Meowzer\",<br>      \"Fluffy\",<br>      \"Kit-Cat\"<br>    ]<br>  },<br>  {<br>    animalType: \"dog\",<br>    names: [<br>      \"Spot\",<br>      \"Bowser\",<br>      \"Frankie\"<br>    ]<br>  }<br>];<br>ourPets[0].names[1]; // \"Fluffy\"<br>ourPets[1].names[0]; // \"Spot\"</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Retrieve the second tree from the variable <code>myPlants</code> using object dot and array bracket notation."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myPlants = [",
        "  { ",
        "    type: \"flowers\",",
        "    list: [",
        "      \"rose\",",
        "      \"tulip\",",
        "      \"dandelion\"",
        "    ]",
        "  },",
        "  {",
        "    type: \"trees\",",
        "    list: [",
        "      \"fir\",",
        "      \"pine\",",
        "      \"birch\"",
        "    ]",
        "  }  ",
        "];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "var secondTree = \"\"; // Change this line",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(x) { ",
        "  if(typeof x != 'undefined') { ",
        "    return \"secondTree = \" + x;",
        "  }",
        "  return \"secondTree is undefined\";",
        "})(secondTree);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myPlants = [\n  { \n    type: \"flowers\",\n    list: [\n      \"rose\",\n      \"tulip\",\n      \"dandelion\"\n    ]\n  },\n  {\n    type: \"trees\",\n    list: [\n      \"fir\",\n      \"pine\",\n      \"birch\"\n    ]\n  }  \n];\n\n// Only change code below this line\n\nvar secondTree = myPlants[1].list[1];"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(secondTree === \"pine\", 'message: <code>secondTree</code> should equal \"pine\"');",
        "assert(/=\\s*myPlants\\[1\\].list\\[1\\]/.test(code), 'message: Use dot and bracket notation to access <code>myPlants</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Acceder a vectores anidados",
          "description": [
            "Como hemos visto en ejemplos anteriores, los objetos pueden contener objetos anidados y vectores anidados. De forma similar a acceder a objetos anidados, la notación corchete en vectores puede ser encadenada para acceder a vectores anidados.",
            "Aquí está un ejemplo de como acceder a un vector anidado:",
            "<blockquote>var nuestrasMascotas = { <br>  \"gatos\": [<br>    \"Maullador\",<br>    \"Blandito\",<br>    \"Kit-Cat\"<br>  ],<br>  \"perros\": [<br>    \"Mancha\",<br>    \"Bowser\",<br>    \"Frankie\"<br>  ]<br>};<br>nuestrasMascotas.cats[1]; // \"Blandito\"<br>nuestrasMascotas.dogs[0]; // \"Mancha\"</blockquote>",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Recupera el segundo arbol de la variable <code>myPlants</code> usando notación punto para objetos y notación corchete para vectores."
          ]
        }
      },
      "guideUrl":"https://guide.freecodecamp.org/certificates/access-array-data-with-indexes"
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244cf",
      "title": "Record Collection",
      "description": [
        "You are given a JSON object representing a part of your musical album collection. Each album has several properties and a unique id number as its key. Not all albums have complete information.",
        "Write a function which takes an album's <code>id</code> (like <code>2548</code>), a property <code>prop</code> (like <code>\"artist\"</code> or <code>\"tracks\"</code>), and a <code>value</code> (like <code>\"Addicted to Love\"</code>) to modify the data in this collection.",
        "If <code>prop</code> isn't <code>\"tracks\"</code> and <code>value</code> isn't empty (<code>\"\"</code>), update or set the <code>value</code> for that record album's property.",
        "Your function must always return the entire collection object.",
        "There are several rules for handling incomplete data:",
        "If <code>prop</code> is <code>\"tracks\"</code> but the album doesn't have a <code>\"tracks\"</code> property, create an empty array before adding the new value to the album's corresponding property.",
        "If <code>prop</code> is <code>\"tracks\"</code> and <code>value</code> isn't empty (<code>\"\"</code>), push the <code>value</code> onto the end of the album's existing <code>tracks</code> array.",
        "If <code>value</code> is empty (<code>\"\"</code>), delete the given <code>prop</code> property from the album.",
        "<strong>Hints</strong><br>Use <code>bracket notation</code> when <a href=\"accessing-objects-properties-with-variables\" target=\"_blank\">accessing object properties with variables</a>.",
        "Push is an array method you can read about on <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push\" target=\"_blank\">Mozilla Developer Network</a>.",
        "You may refer back to <a href=\"manipulating-complex-objects\" target=\"_blank\">Manipulating Complex Objects</a> Introducing JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) for a refresher."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var collection = {",
        "    \"2548\": {",
        "      \"album\": \"Slippery When Wet\",",
        "      \"artist\": \"Bon Jovi\",",
        "      \"tracks\": [ ",
        "        \"Let It Rock\", ",
        "        \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" ",
        "      ]",
        "    },",
        "    \"2468\": {",
        "      \"album\": \"1999\",",
        "      \"artist\": \"Prince\",",
        "      \"tracks\": [ ",
        "        \"1999\", ",
        "        \"Little Red Corvette\" ",
        "      ]",
        "    },",
        "    \"1245\": {",
        "      \"artist\": \"Robert Palmer\",",
        "      \"tracks\": [ ]",
        "    },",
        "    \"5439\": {",
        "      \"album\": \"ABBA Gold\"",
        "    }",
        "};",
        "// Keep a copy of the collection for tests",
        "var collectionCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(collection));",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "function updateRecords(id, prop, value) {",
        "  ",
        "  ",
        "  return collection;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Alter values below to test your code",
        "updateRecords(5439, \"artist\", \"ABBA\");",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        ";(function(x) { return \"collection = \\n\" + JSON.stringify(x, '\\n', 2); })(collection);"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var collection = {\n    2548: {\n      album: \"Slippery When Wet\",\n      artist: \"Bon Jovi\",\n      tracks: [ \n        \"Let It Rock\", \n        \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" \n      ]\n    },\n    2468: {\n      album: \"1999\",\n      artist: \"Prince\",\n      tracks: [ \n        \"1999\", \n        \"Little Red Corvette\" \n      ]\n    },\n    1245: {\n      artist: \"Robert Palmer\",\n      tracks: [ ]\n    },\n    5439: {\n      album: \"ABBA Gold\"\n    }\n};\n// Keep a copy of the collection for tests\nvar collectionCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(collection));\n\n// Only change code below this line\nfunction updateRecords(id, prop, value) {\n  if(value === \"\") delete collection[id][prop];\n  else if(prop === \"tracks\") {\n    collection[id][prop] = collection[id][prop] || [];\n    collection[id][prop].push(value);\n  } else {\n    collection[id][prop] = value;\n  }\n  \n  return collection;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "collection = collectionCopy; assert(updateRecords(5439, \"artist\", \"ABBA\")[5439][\"artist\"] === \"ABBA\", 'message: After <code>updateRecords(5439, \"artist\", \"ABBA\")</code>, <code>artist</code> should be <code>\"ABBA\"</code>');",
        "assert(updateRecords(5439, \"tracks\", \"Take a Chance on Me\")[5439][\"tracks\"].pop() === \"Take a Chance on Me\", 'message: After <code>updateRecords(5439, \"tracks\", \"Take a Chance on Me\")</code>, <code>tracks</code> should have <code>\"Take a Chance on Me\"</code> as the last element.');",
        "updateRecords(2548, \"artist\", \"\"); assert(!collection[2548].hasOwnProperty(\"artist\"), 'message: After <code>updateRecords(2548, \"artist\", \"\")</code>, <code>artist</code> should not be set');",
        "assert(updateRecords(1245, \"tracks\", \"Addicted to Love\")[1245][\"tracks\"].pop() === \"Addicted to Love\", 'message: After <code>updateRecords(1245, \"tracks\", \"Addicted to Love\")</code>, <code>tracks</code> should have <code>\"Addicted to Love\"</code> as the last element.');",
        "assert(updateRecords(2468, \"tracks\", \"Free\")[2468][\"tracks\"][0] === \"1999\", 'message: After <code>updateRecords(2468, \"tracks\", \"Free\")</code>, <code>tracks</code> should have <code>\"1999\"</code> as the first element.');",
        "updateRecords(2548, \"tracks\", \"\"); assert(!collection[2548].hasOwnProperty(\"tracks\"), 'message: After <code>updateRecords(2548, \"tracks\", \"\")</code>, <code>tracks</code> should not be set');",
        "assert(updateRecords(1245, \"album\", \"Riptide\")[1245][\"album\"] === \"Riptide\", 'message: After <code>updateRecords(1245, \"album\", \"Riptide\")</code>, <code>album</code> should be <code>\"Riptide\"</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Colección de registros",
          "description": [
            "Se te da un objeto que representa (una pequeña parte de) tu colección de grabaciones. Cada álbum es identificado por un número id único y tiene varias propiedades. No todos los álbumes tienen la información completa.",
            "Escribe una función que reciba un <code>id</code>, una propiedad (<code>prop</code>) y un valor (<code>value</code>).",
            "Para el <code>id</code> dado, en la colección <code>collection</code>:",
            "Si el valor <code>value</code> no está en blanco (<code>value !== \"\"</code>) y <code>prop</code> no es <code>\"tracks\"</code> entonces actualiza o establece el valor de la propiedad <code>prop</code>.",
            "Si la propiedad <code>prop</code> es <code>\"tracks\"</code> y <code>value</code> no está en blanco, empuja (<em>push</em>) el valor <code>value</code> al final del vector <code>tracks</code>.",
            "Si el valor <code>value</code> está en blanco, elimina esa <code>prop</code>.",
            "Siempre retorna el objeto <code>collection</code> entero.",
            "<strong>Nota</strong><br>No olvides usar <code>notación corchete</code> cuando <a href=\"accessing-objects-properties-with-variables\" target=\"_blank\">accedes a propiedades de objetos con variables</a>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb1bdef",
      "title": "Iterate with JavaScript While Loops",
      "description": [
        "You can run the same code multiple times by using a loop.",
        "The first type of loop we will learn is called a \"<code>while</code>\" loop because it runs \"while\" a specified condition is true and stops once that condition is no longer true.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>var i = 0;<br>while(i &#60; 5) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "Let's try getting a while loop to work by pushing values to an array.",
        "<hr>",
        "Push the numbers 0 through 4 to <code>myArray</code> using a <code>while</code> loop."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [];\nvar i = 0;\nwhile(i < 5) {\n  myArray.push(i);\n  i++;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/while/g), 'message: You should be using a <code>while</code> loop for this.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [0,1,2,3,4], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Iterar con JavaScript con ciclos while",
          "description": [
            "Puede ejecutar el mismo código varias veces mediante el uso de un ciclo.",
            "Otro tipo de ciclo de JavaScript se llama un ciclo \"while\", ya que se ejecuta, \"mientras que\" algo sea cierto y se detiene una vez que ya no sea así.",
            "<code>var ourArray = [];</code>",
            "<code>var i = 0;</code>",
            "<code>while(i < 5) {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;ourArray.push(i);</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;i++;</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "Intentemos que un ciclo <code>while</code> empuje valores en un vector.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Empuja los números de 0 a 4 para <code>myArray</code> utilizando un ciclo <code>while</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb5bdef",
      "title": "Iterate with JavaScript For Loops",
      "description": [
        "You can run the same code multiple times by using a loop.",
        "The most common type of JavaScript loop is called a \"<code>for loop</code>\" because it runs \"for\" a specific number of times.",
        "For loops are declared with three optional expressions separated by semicolons:",
        "<code>for ([initialization]; [condition]; [final-expression])</code>",
        "The <code>initialization</code> statement is executed one time only before the loop starts. It is typically used to define and setup your loop variable.",
        "The <code>condition</code> statement is evaluated at the beginning of every loop iteration and will continue as long as it evaluates to <code>true</code>. When <code>condition</code> is <code>false</code> at the start of the iteration, the loop will stop executing. This means if <code>condition</code> starts as <code>false</code>, your loop will never execute.",
        "The <code>final-expression</code> is executed at the end of each loop iteration, prior to the next <code>condition</code> check and is usually used to increment or decrement your loop counter.",
        "In the following example we initialize with <code>i = 0</code> and iterate while our condition <code>i &#60; 5</code> is true. We'll increment <code>i</code> by <code>1</code> in each loop iteration with <code>i++</code> as our <code>final-expression</code>.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>for (var i = 0; i &#60; 5; i++) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<code>ourArray</code> will now contain <code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use a <code>for</code> loop to work to push the values 1 through 5 onto <code>myArray</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [];",
        "",
        "for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {",
        "  ourArray.push(i);",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if (typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourArray = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n  ourArray.push(i);\n}\nvar myArray = [];\nfor (var i = 1; i < 6; i++) {\n  myArray.push(i);\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/for\\s*\\(/g).length > 1, 'message: You should be using a <code>for</code> loop for this.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [1,2,3,4,5], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[1,2,3,4,5]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Iterar en JavaScript con ciclos for",
          "description": [
            "Puede ejecutar el mismo código varias veces mediante el uso de un ciclo.",
            "El tipo más común de bucle de JavaScript se llama \"ciclo for\"porque se ejecuta \"por\" (for) un número específico de veces.",
            "Los ciclos for se declaran con tres expresiones opcionales separadas por punto y coma:",
            "<code>for ([inicialización]; [condición]; [expresión-final])</code>",
            "La <code>inicialización</code> se ejecuta sólo una vez antes de que empiece el ciclo. Normalmente se utiliza para definir e inicializar su variable de ciclo. ",
            "La expresión <code>condición</code> se evalúa al principio de cada iteración del ciclo y continuará en el ciclo siempre y cuando sea verdadera (<code>true</code>). Cuando la <code>condición</code> sea falsa (<code>false</code>) al comienzo de la iteración, se detendrá la ejecución del ciclo.  Esto significa que si la <code>condición</code> inicia en el valor falso <code>false</code>, el ciclo no se ejecutará. ",
            "La <code>expresión final</code> se ejecuta al final de cada repetición del ciclo, antes del siguiente chequeo de la <code>condición</code> y se utiliza generalmente para aumentar o disminuir el contador del ciclo.",
            "En el siguiente ejemplo inicializamos con <code>i = 0</code> e iteramos mientras nuestra condición <code>i <5</code> sea verdadera.  Vamos a incrementar <code>i</code> en <code>1</code> en cada iteración del ciclo con <code>i++</code> como nuestra <code>expresión final</code>. ",
            "<code>var ourArray = [];</code>",
            "<code>for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;ourArray.push(i);</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "<code>ourArray</code> ahora contendrá <code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code>.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Vamos a utilizar un ciclo <code>for</code> para empujar los valores del 1 al 5 en <code>myArray</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56104e9e514f539506016a5c",
      "title": "Iterate Odd Numbers With a For Loop",
      "description": [
        "For loops don't have to iterate one at a time. By changing our <code>final-expression</code>, we can count by even numbers.",
        "We'll start at <code>i = 0</code> and loop while <code>i &#60; 10</code>. We'll increment <code>i</code> by 2 each loop with <code>i += 2</code>.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>for (var i = 0; i &#60; 10; i += 2) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<code>ourArray</code> will now contain <code>[0,2,4,6,8]</code>.",
        "Let's change our <code>initialization</code> so we can count by odd numbers.",
        "<hr>",
        "Push the odd numbers from 1 through 9 to <code>myArray</code> using a <code>for</code> loop."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [];",
        "",
        "for (var i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {",
        "  ourArray.push(i);",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourArray = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {\n  ourArray.push(i);\n}\nvar myArray = [];\nfor (var i = 1; i < 10; i += 2) {\n  myArray.push(i);\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/for\\s*\\(/g).length > 1, 'message: You should be using a <code>for</code> loop for this.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [1,3,5,7,9], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[1,3,5,7,9]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Itera por los números pares con un ciclo for",
          "description": [
            "Los ciclos <code>for</code> no siempre iteran incrementado de a uno. Cambiando nuestra <code>expresión final</code>, podemos contar los números pares.",
            "Vamos a empezar con <code>i = 0</code> e iterar mientras <code>i <10</code>.  Vamos a incrementar <code>i</code> de a 2 en cada iteración <code>i + = 2</code>. ",
            "<code>var ourArray = [];</code>",
            "<code>for (var i = 0; i < 10; i += 2) {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;ourArray.push(i);</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "<code>ourArray</code> ahora contendrá <code>[0,2,4,6,8]</code>.",
            "Vamos a cambiar nuestra <code>inicialización</code> y <code>expresión final</code> para que podamos contar los números impares.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Empuja los números impares del 1 al 9 en <code>myArray</code> utilizando un ciclo <code>for</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56105e7b514f539506016a5e",
      "title": "Count Backwards With a For Loop",
      "description": [
        "A for loop can also count backwards, so long as we can define the right conditions.",
        "In order to count backwards by twos, we'll need to change our <code>initialization</code>, <code>condition</code>, and <code>final-expression</code>.",
        "We'll start at <code>i = 10</code> and loop while <code>i &#62; 0</code>. We'll decrement <code>i</code> by 2 each loop with <code>i -= 2</code>.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>for (var i=10; i &#62; 0; i-=2) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<code>ourArray</code> will now contain <code>[10,8,6,4,2]</code>.",
        "Let's change our <code>initialization</code> and <code>final-expression</code> so we can count backward by twos by odd numbers.",
        "<hr>",
        "Push the odd numbers from 9 through 1 to <code>myArray</code> using a <code>for</code> loop."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArray = [];",
        "",
        "for (var i = 10; i > 0; i -= 2) {",
        "  ourArray.push(i);",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourArray = [];\nfor (var i = 10; i > 0; i -= 2) {\n  ourArray.push(i);\n}\nvar myArray = [];\nfor (var i = 9; i > 0; i -= 2) {\n  myArray.push(i);\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/for\\s*\\(/g).length > 1, 'message: You should be using a <code>for</code> loop for this.');",
        "assert(code.match(/myArray.push/), 'message: You should be using the array method <code>push</code>.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [9,7,5,3,1], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[9,7,5,3,1]</code>.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Cuenta hacia atrás con un ciclo for",
          "description": [
            "Un ciclo también puede contar hacia atrás, siempre y cuando definamos las condiciones adecuadas.",
            "Para contar hacia atrás de dos en dos, tendremos que cambiar nuestra <code>inicialización</code>, la <code>condición</code> y la <code>última-expresión</code>.",
            "Vamos a empezar con <code>i = 10</code> e iteraremos mientras <code>i > 0</code>.  Vamos a decrementar <code>i</code> de a 2 por cada iteración con <code>i -= 2</code>. ",
            "<code>var ourArray = [];</code>",
            "<code>for (var i = 10; i > 0; i -= 2) {</code>",
            "<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;ourArray.push(i);</code>",
            "<code>}</code>",
            "<code>ourArray</code> ahora contendrá <code>[10,8,6,4,2]</code>.",
            "Vamos a cambiar nuestra <code>inicialización</code> y la <code>expresión final</code> para que podamos contar hacia atrás de dos en dos pero números impares.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Empuja los números impares del 9 a 1 en <code>myArray</code> utilizando un ciclo <code>for</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5675e877dbd60be8ad28edc6",
      "title": "Iterate Through an Array with a For Loop",
      "description": [
        "A common task in JavaScript is to iterate through the contents of an array. One way to do that is with a <code>for</code> loop. This code will output each element of the array <code>arr</code> to the console:",
        "<blockquote>var arr = [10,9,8,7,6];<br>for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {<br>   console.log(arr[i]);<br>}</blockquote>",
        "Remember that Arrays have zero-based numbering, which means the last index of the array is length - 1. Our <dfn>condition</dfn> for this loop is <code>i < arr.length</code>, which stops when <code>i</code> is at length - 1.",
        "<hr>",
        "Declare and initialize a variable <code>total</code> to <code>0</code>. Use a <code>for</code> loop to add the value of each element of the <code>myArr</code> array to <code>total</code>."
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "var ourArr = [ 9, 10, 11, 12];",
        "var ourTotal = 0;",
        "",
        "for (var i = 0; i < ourArr.length; i++) {",
        "  ourTotal += ourArr[i];",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Setup",
        "var myArr = [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){if(typeof total !== 'undefined') { return \"total = \" + total; } else { return \"total is undefined\";}})()"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var ourArr = [ 9, 10, 11, 12];\nvar ourTotal = 0;\n\nfor (var i = 0; i < ourArr.length; i++) {\n  ourTotal += ourArr[i];\n}\n\nvar myArr = [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];\nvar total = 0;\n\nfor (var i = 0; i < myArr.length; i++) {\n  total += myArr[i];\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/var.*?total\\s*=\\s*0.*?;/), 'message: <code>total</code> should be declared and initialized to 0');",
        "assert(total === 20, 'message: <code>total</code> should equal 20');",
        "assert(code.match(/for\\s*\\(/g).length > 1 && code.match(/myArr\\s*\\[/), 'message: You should use a <code>for</code> loop to iterate through <code>myArr</code>');",
        "assert(!code.match(/total[\\s\\+\\-]*=\\s*(\\d(?!\\s*[;,])|[1-9])/g), 'message: Do not set <code>total</code> to 20 directly');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Iterar a través de un vector con un ciclo for",
          "description": [
            "Una tarea común en JavaScript es iterar a traves del contenido de un vector. Una manera de hacerlo es con un ciclo <code>for</code>. Este código imprimirá cada elemento del vector <code>arr</code> en la consola:",
            "<blockquote>var arr = [10,9,8,7,6];<br>for (var i=0; i < arr.length; i++) {<br>   console.log(arr[i]);<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Recuerda que los vectores tienen numeración que comienza en cero, la cual significa que el último índice del vector es su longitud - 1. Nuestra <dfn>condición</dfn> para este ciclo es <code>i < arr.length</code>, que lo detendrá cuando <code>i</code> sea la longitud - 1.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Declara e inicializa una variable <code>total</code> en <code>0</code>. Usa un ciclo <code>for</code> para añadir el valor de cada elemento del vector <code>myArr</code> a <code>total</code>."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "56533eb9ac21ba0edf2244e1",
      "title": "Nesting For Loops",
      "description": [
        "If you have a multi-dimensional array, you can use the same logic as the prior waypoint to loop through both the array and any sub-arrays. Here is an example:",
        "<blockquote>var arr = [<br>  [1,2], [3,4], [5,6]<br>];<br>for (var i=0; i &lt; arr.length; i++) {<br>  for (var j=0; j &lt; arr[i].length; j++) {<br>    console.log(arr[i][j]);<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "This outputs each sub-element in <code>arr</code> one at a time. Note that for the inner loop, we are checking the <code>.length</code> of <code>arr[i]</code>, since <code>arr[i]</code> is itself an array.",
        "<hr>",
        "Modify function <code>multiplyAll</code> so that it multiplies the <code>product</code> variable by each number in the sub-arrays of <code>arr</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 1, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function multiplyAll(arr) {",
        "  var product = 1;",
        "  // Only change code below this line",
        "  ",
        "  // Only change code above this line",
        "  return product;",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Modify values below to test your code",
        "multiplyAll([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6,7]]);",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        ""
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function multiplyAll(arr) {\n  var product = 1;\n  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    for (var j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {\n      product *= arr[i][j];\n    }\n  }\n  return product;\n}\n\nmultiplyAll([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6,7]]);"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(multiplyAll([[1],[2],[3]]) === 6, 'message: <code>multiplyAll([[1],[2],[3]])</code> should return <code>6</code>');",
        "assert(multiplyAll([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6,7]]) === 5040, 'message: <code>multiplyAll([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6,7]])</code> should return <code>5040</code>');",
        "assert(multiplyAll([[5,1],[0.2, 4, 0.5],[3, 9]]) === 54, 'message: <code>multiplyAll([[5,1],[0.2, 4, 0.5],[3, 9]])</code> should return <code>54</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Anidar ciclos for",
          "description": [
            "Si tienes una matriz multi-dimensional, puedes usar la misma lógica del punto anterior para iterar a través de un vector y cualquier sub-vector. Aquí está un ejemplo:",
            "<blockquote>var arr = [<br>  [1,2], [3,4], [5,6]<br>];<br>for (var i=0; i &lt; arr.length; i++) {<br>  for (var j=0; j &lt; arr[i].length; j++) {<br>    console.log(arr[i][j]);<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
            "Esto imprime cada sub-elemento en <code>arr</code> uno a la vez. Nota que en el ciclo interior, estamos comprobando la longitud <code>.length</code> de <code>arr[i]</code>, ya que <code>arr[i]</code> es por si mismo un vector.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Modifica la función <code>multiplyAll</code> de manera que esta multiplique la variable <code>product</code> por cada número en los sub-vectores de <code>arr</code>"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5a2efd662fb457916e1fe604",
      "title": "Iterate with JavaScript Do...While Loops",
      "description": [
        "You can run the same code multiple times by using a loop.",
        "The next type of loop you will learn is called a \"<code>do...while</code>\" loop because it first will \"<code>do</code>\" one pass of the code inside the loop no matter what, and then it runs \"<code>while</code>\" a specified condition is true and stops once that condition is no longer true. Let's look at an example.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = [];<br>var i = 0;<br>do {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>} while (i < 5);</blockquote>",
        "This behaves just as you would expect with any other type of loop, and the resulting array will look like <code>[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]</code>. However, what makes the <code>do...while</code> different from other loops is how it behaves when the condition fails on the first check. Let's see this in action.",
        "Here is a regular while loop that will run the code in the loop as long as <code>i < 5</code>.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = []; <br>var i = 5;<br>while (i < 5) {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>}</blockquote>",
        "Notice that we initialize the value of <code>i</code> to be 5. When we execute the next line, we notice that <code>i</code> is not less than 5. So we do not execute the code inside the loop. The result is that <code>ourArray</code> will end up with nothing added to it, so it will still look like this <code>[]</code> when all the code in the example above finishes running.",
        "Now, take a look at a <code>do...while</code> loop.",
        "<blockquote>var ourArray = []; <br>var i = 5;<br>do {<br>  ourArray.push(i);<br>  i++;<br>} while (i < 5);</blockquote>",
        "In this case, we initialize the value of <code>i</code> as 5, just like we did with the while loop. When we get to the next line, there is no check for the value of <code>i</code>, so we go to the code inside the curly braces and execute it. We will add one element to the array and increment <code>i</code> before we get to the condition check. Then, when we get to checking if <code>i < 5</code> see that <code>i</code> is now 6, which fails the conditional check. So we exit the loop and are done. At the end of the above example, the value of <code>ourArray</code> is <code>[5]</code>.",
        "Essentially, a <code>do...while</code> loop ensures that the code inside the loop will run at least once.",
        "Let's try getting a <code>do...while</code> loop to work by pushing values to an array.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change the <code>while</code> loop in the code to a <code>do...while</code> loop so that the loop will push the number 10 to <code>myArray</code>, and <code>i</code> will be equal to <code>11</code> when your code finishes running."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Setup",
        "var myArray = [];",
        "var i = 10;",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "while (i < 5) {",
        "  myArray.push(i);",
        "  i++;",
        "}",
        ""
      ],
      "tail": [
        "if(typeof myArray !== \"undefined\"){(function(){return myArray;})();}"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var myArray = [];\nvar i = 10;\ndo {\n  myArray.push(i);\n  i++;\n} while (i < 5)"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(code.match(/do/g), 'message: You should be using a <code>do...while</code> loop for this.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(myArray, [10], 'message: <code>myArray</code> should equal <code>[10]</code>.');",
        "assert.deepEqual(i, 11, 'message: <code>i</code> should equal <code>11</code>');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "5688e62ea601b2482ff8422b",
      "title": "Profile Lookup",
      "description": [
        "We have an array of objects representing different people in our contacts lists.",
        "A <code>lookUpProfile</code> function that takes <code>name</code> and a property (<code>prop</code>) as arguments has been pre-written for you.",
        "The function should check if <code>name</code> is an actual contact's <code>firstName</code> and the given property (<code>prop</code>) is a property of that contact.",
        "If both are true, then return the \"value\" of that property.",
        "If <code>name</code> does not correspond to any contacts then return <code>\"No such contact\"</code>",
        "If <code>prop</code> does not correspond to any valid properties of a contact found to match <code>name</code> then return <code>\"No such property\"</code>"
      ],
      "releasedOn": "January 8, 2016",
      "challengeSeed": [
        "//Setup",
        "var contacts = [",
        "    {",
        "        \"firstName\": \"Akira\",",
        "        \"lastName\": \"Laine\",",
        "        \"number\": \"0543236543\",",
        "        \"likes\": [\"Pizza\", \"Coding\", \"Brownie Points\"]",
        "    },",
        "    {",
        "        \"firstName\": \"Harry\",",
        "        \"lastName\": \"Potter\",",
        "        \"number\": \"0994372684\",",
        "        \"likes\": [\"Hogwarts\", \"Magic\", \"Hagrid\"]",
        "    },",
        "    {",
        "        \"firstName\": \"Sherlock\",",
        "        \"lastName\": \"Holmes\",",
        "        \"number\": \"0487345643\",",
        "        \"likes\": [\"Intriguing Cases\", \"Violin\"]",
        "    },",
        "    {",
        "        \"firstName\": \"Kristian\",",
        "        \"lastName\": \"Vos\",",
        "        \"number\": \"unknown\",",
        "        \"likes\": [\"Javascript\", \"Gaming\", \"Foxes\"]",
        "    }",
        "];",
        "",
        "",
        "function lookUpProfile(name, prop){",
        "// Only change code below this line",
        "",
        "// Only change code above this line",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change these values to test your function",
        "lookUpProfile(\"Akira\", \"likes\");"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var contacts = [\n    {\n        \"firstName\": \"Akira\",\n        \"lastName\": \"Laine\",\n        \"number\": \"0543236543\",\n        \"likes\": [\"Pizza\", \"Coding\", \"Brownie Points\"]\n    },\n    {\n        \"firstName\": \"Harry\",\n        \"lastName\": \"Potter\",\n        \"number\": \"0994372684\",\n        \"likes\": [\"Hogwarts\", \"Magic\", \"Hagrid\"]\n    },\n    {\n        \"firstName\": \"Sherlock\",\n        \"lastName\": \"Holmes\",\n        \"number\": \"0487345643\",\n        \"likes\": [\"Intriguing Cases\", \"Violin\"]\n    },\n    {\n        \"firstName\": \"Kristian\",\n        \"lastName\": \"Vos\",\n        \"number\": \"unknown\",\n        \"likes\": [\"Javascript\", \"Gaming\", \"Foxes\"]\n    },\n];\n\n\n//Write your function in between these comments\nfunction lookUpProfile(name, prop){\n    for(var i in contacts){\n      if(contacts[i].firstName === name) {\n        return contacts[i][prop] || \"No such property\";\n      }\n    }\n   return \"No such contact\";\n}\n//Write your function in between these comments\n\nlookUpProfile(\"Akira\", \"likes\");"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(lookUpProfile('Kristian','lastName') === \"Vos\", 'message: <code>\"Kristian\", \"lastName\"</code> should return <code>\"Vos\"</code>');",
        "assert.deepEqual(lookUpProfile(\"Sherlock\", \"likes\"), [\"Intriguing Cases\", \"Violin\"], 'message: <code>\"Sherlock\", \"likes\"</code> should return <code>[\"Intriguing Cases\", \"Violin\"]</code>');",
        "assert(typeof lookUpProfile(\"Harry\", \"likes\") === \"object\", 'message: <code>\"Harry\",\"likes\"</code> should return an array');",
        "assert(lookUpProfile(\"Bob\", \"number\") === \"No such contact\", 'message: <code>\"Bob\", \"number\"</code> should return \"No such contact\"');",
        "assert(lookUpProfile(\"Bob\", \"potato\") === \"No such contact\", 'message: <code>\"Bob\", \"potato\"</code> should return \"No such contact\"');",
        "assert(lookUpProfile(\"Akira\", \"address\") === \"No such property\", 'message: <code>\"Akira\", \"address\"</code> should return \"No such property\"');"
      ],
      "type": "checkpoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Búsqueda de perfiles",
          "description": [
            "Tenemos un vector de objetos que representan diferentes personas en nuestra lista de contactos.",
            "Una función <code>lookUp</code> que recibe el nombre (<code>firstName</code>) y una propiedad (<code>prop</code>) como argumentos ya ha sido escrita previamente para ti.",
            "La función debe comprobar si <code>firstName</code> es un nombre (<code>firstName</code>) de algún contacto y si la propiedad dada (<code>prop</code>) es una propiedad de ese contacto.",
            "Si ambos son verdaderos, entonces retorna el valor (<code>value</code>) de esa propiedad.",
            "Si <code>firstName</code> no corresponde a ningun contacto entonces retorna <code>\"No such contact\"</code>",
            "Si <code>prop</code> no corresponde a ninguna propiedad válida entonces retorna <code>\"No such property\"</code>",
            ""
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c11feddfaeb9bdef",
      "title": "Generate Random Fractions with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "Random numbers are useful for creating random behavior.",
        "JavaScript has a <code>Math.random()</code> function that generates a random decimal number between <code>0</code> (inclusive) and not quite up to <code>1</code> (exclusive). Thus <code>Math.random()</code> can return a <code>0</code> but never quite return a <code>1</code>",
        "<strong>Note</strong><br>Like <a href='storing-values-with-the-assignment-operator' target='_blank'>Storing Values with the Equal Operator</a>, all function calls will be resolved before the <code>return</code> executes, so we can <code>return</code> the value of the <code>Math.random()</code> function.",
        "<hr>",
        "Change <code>randomFraction</code> to return a random number instead of returning <code>0</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function randomFraction() {",
        "",
        "  // Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "  return 0;",
        "",
        "  // Only change code above this line.",
        "}"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){return randomFraction();})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function randomFraction() {\n  return Math.random();\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof randomFraction() === \"number\", 'message: <code>randomFraction</code> should return a random number.');",
        "assert((randomFraction()+''). match(/\\./g), 'message: The number returned by <code>randomFraction</code> should be a decimal.');",
        "assert(code.match(/Math\\.random/g).length >= 0, 'message: You should be using <code>Math.random</code> to generate the random decimal number.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Generar fracciones al azar con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Los números aleatorios son útiles para crear un comportamiento aleatorio.",
            "JavaScript tiene una función <code>Math.random()</code> que genera un número decimal aleatorio.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Cambia <code>randomFraction</code> para que devuelva un número al azar en lugar de devolver <code>0</code>.",
            "Ten en cuenta que puedes retornar lo retornado por una función, igual que harías para devolver una variable o valor."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c12feddfaeb1bdef",
      "title": "Generate Random Whole Numbers with JavaScript",
      "description": [
        "It's great that we can generate random decimal numbers, but it's even more useful if we use it to generate random whole numbers.",
        "<ol><li>Use <code>Math.random()</code> to generate a random decimal.</li><li>Multiply that random decimal by <code>20</code>.</li><li>Use another function, <code>Math.floor()</code> to round the number down to its nearest whole number.</li></ol>",
        "Remember that <code>Math.random()</code> can never quite return a <code>1</code> and, because we're rounding down, it's impossible to actually get <code>20</code>. This technique will give us a whole number between <code>0</code> and <code>19</code>.",
        "Putting everything together, this is what our code looks like:",
        "<code>Math.floor(Math.random() * 20);</code>",
        "We are calling <code>Math.random()</code>, multiplying the result by 20, then passing the value to <code>Math.floor()</code> function to round the value down to the nearest whole number.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use this technique to generate and return a random whole number between <code>0</code> and <code>9</code>."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "var randomNumberBetween0and19 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 20);",
        "",
        "function randomWholeNum() {",
        "",
        "  // Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "  return Math.random();",
        "}"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "(function(){return randomWholeNum();})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "var randomNumberBetween0and19 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 20);\nfunction randomWholeNum() {\n  return Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(typeof randomWholeNum() === \"number\" && (function(){var r = randomWholeNum();return Math.floor(r) === r;})(), 'message: The result of <code>randomWholeNum</code> should be a whole number.');",
        "assert(code.match(/Math.random/g).length > 1, 'message: You should be using <code>Math.random</code> to generate a random number.');",
        "assert(code.match(/\\s*?Math.random\\s*?\\(\\s*?\\)\\s*?\\*\\s*?10[\\D]\\s*?/g) || code.match(/\\s*?10\\s*?\\*\\s*?Math.random\\s*?\\(\\s*?\\)\\s*?/g), 'message: You should have multiplied the result of <code>Math.random</code> by 10 to make it a number that is between zero and nine.');",
        "assert(code.match(/Math.floor/g).length > 1, 'message: You should use <code>Math.floor</code> to remove the decimal part of the number.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Genera números aleatorios enteros con JavaScript",
          "description": [
            "Es muy bueno que podamos generar números decimales al azar, pero es aún más útil si lo utilizamos para generar números enteros aleatorios.",
            "En primer lugar, vamos a usar <code>Math.random()</code> para generar un decimal aleatorio.",
            "Entonces vamos a multiplicar este decimal azar por 20.",
            "Por último, vamos a usar otra función, <code>Math.floor()</code> para redondear el número hasta su número entero más próximo.",
            "Esta técnica nos da un número entero entre 0 y 19.",
            "Tenga en cuenta que debido a que estamos redondeando, es imposible obtener 20.",
            "Poniendo todo junto, así es como se ve nuestro código:",
            "<code>Math.floor(Math.random() * 20);</code>",
            "¿Ves como <code>Math.floor</code> toma <code>(Math.random() * 20)</code> como su argumento? Así es - puedes pasar el resultado de un función como argumento de otra función.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "Usa esta técnica para generar y devolver un número entero aleatorio entre 0 y 9."
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cf1111c1c12feddfaeb2bdef",
      "title": "Generate Random Whole Numbers within a Range",
      "description": [
        "Instead of generating a random number between zero and a given number like we did before, we can generate a random number that falls within a range of two specific numbers.",
        "To do this, we'll define a minimum number <code>min</code> and a maximum number <code>max</code>.",
        "Here's the formula we'll use. Take a moment to read it and try to understand what this code is doing:",
        "<code>Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min</code>",
        "<hr>",
        "Create a function called <code>randomRange</code> that takes a range <code>myMin</code> and <code>myMax</code> and returns a random number that's greater than or equal to <code>myMin</code>, and is less than or equal to <code>myMax</code>, inclusive."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "// Example",
        "function ourRandomRange(ourMin, ourMax) {",
        "",
        "  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (ourMax - ourMin + 1)) + ourMin;",
        "}",
        "",
        "ourRandomRange(1, 9);",
        "",
        "// Only change code below this line.",
        "",
        "function randomRange(myMin, myMax) {",
        "",
        "  return 0; // Change this line",
        "",
        "}",
        "",
        "// Change these values to test your function",
        "var myRandom = randomRange(5, 15);"
      ],
      "tail": [
        "var calcMin = 100;",
        "var calcMax = -100;",
        "for(var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {",
        "  var result = randomRange(5,15);",
        "  calcMin = Math.min(calcMin, result);",
        "  calcMax = Math.max(calcMax, result);",
        "}",
        "(function(){",
        "  if(typeof myRandom === 'number') {",
        "    return \"myRandom = \" + myRandom;",
        "  } else {",
        "    return \"myRandom undefined\";",
        "  }",
        "})();"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "function randomRange(myMin, myMax) {\n  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (myMax - myMin + 1)) + myMin;\n}"
      ],
      "tests": [
        "assert(calcMin === 5, 'message: The lowest random number that can be generated by <code>randomRange</code> should be equal to your minimum number, <code>myMin</code>.');",
        "assert(calcMax === 15, 'message: The highest random number that can be generated by <code>randomRange</code> should be equal to your maximum number, <code>myMax</code>.');",
        "assert(randomRange(0,1) % 1 === 0 , 'message: The random number generated by <code>randomRange</code> should be an integer, not a decimal.');",
        "assert((function(){if(code.match(/myMax/g).length > 1 && code.match(/myMin/g).length > 2 && code.match(/Math.floor/g) && code.match(/Math.random/g)){return true;}else{return false;}})(), 'message: <code>randomRange</code> should use both <code>myMax</code> and <code>myMin</code>, and return a random number in your range.');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {
        "es": {
          "title": "Genera números aleatorios enteros dentro de un rango",
          "description": [
            "En lugar de generar un número aleatorio entre cero y un número dado como lo hicimos antes, podemos generar un número aleatorio que caiga dentro de un rango de dos números específicos.",
            "Para ello, vamos a definir un número mínimo <code>min</code> y un número máximo <code>max</code>.",
            "He aquí la fórmula que utilizaremos. Tómate un momento para leer y tratar de entender lo que el código está haciendo: ",
            "<code>Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min</code>",
            "Definir dos variables: <code>myMin</code> y <code>myMax</code>, y asignales valores enteros.",
            "<h4>Instrucciones</h4>",
            "A continuación, crea una función llamada <code>myFunction</code> que devuelva un número aleatorio mayor o igual a <code>myMin</code>, y menor o igual a <code>myMax</code>. "
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "587d7b7e367417b2b2512b23",
      "title": "Use the parseInt Function",
      "description": [
        "The <code>parseInt()</code> function parses a string and returns an integer. Here's an example:",
        "<code>var a = parseInt(\"007\");</code>",
        "The above function converts the string \"007\" to an integer 7. If the first character in the string can't be converted into a number, then it returns <code>NaN</code>.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <code>parseInt()</code> in the <code>convertToInteger</code> function so it converts the input string <code>str</code> into an integer, and returns it."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function convertToInteger(str) {",
        "  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "convertToInteger(\"56\");"
      ],
      "tail": [],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/parseInt/g.test(code), 'message: <code>convertToInteger</code> should use the <code>parseInt()</code> function');",
        "assert(typeof(convertToInteger(\"56\")) === \"number\", 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"56\")</code> should return a number');",
        "assert(convertToInteger(\"56\") === 56, 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"56\")</code> should return 56');",
        "assert(convertToInteger(\"77\") === 77, 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"77\")</code> should return 77');",
        "assert.isNaN(convertToInteger(\"JamesBond\"), 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"JamesBond\")</code> should return NaN');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "translations": {},
      "releasedOn": "February 17, 2017"
    },
    {
      "id": "587d7b7e367417b2b2512b22",
      "title": "Use the parseInt Function with a Radix",
      "description": [
        "The <code>parseInt()</code> function parses a string and returns an integer. It takes a second argument for the radix, which specifies the base of the number in the string. The radix can be an integer between 2 and 36.",
        "The function call looks like:",
        "<code>parseInt(string, radix);</code>",
        "And here's an example:",
        "<code>var a = parseInt(\"11\", 2);</code>",
        "The radix variable says that \"11\" is in the binary system, or base 2. This example converts the string \"11\" to an integer 3.",
        "<hr>",
        "Use <code>parseInt()</code> in the <code>convertToInteger</code> function so it converts a binary number to an integer and returns it."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function convertToInteger(str) {",
        "  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "convertToInteger(\"10011\");"
      ],
      "tail": [],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/parseInt/g.test(code), 'message: <code>convertToInteger</code> should use the <code>parseInt()</code> function');",
        "assert(typeof(convertToInteger(\"10011\")) === \"number\", 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"10011\")</code> should return a number');",
        "assert(convertToInteger(\"10011\") === 19, 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"10011\")</code> should return 19');",
        "assert(convertToInteger(\"111001\") === 57, 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"111001\")</code> should return 57');",
        "assert.isNaN(convertToInteger(\"JamesBond\"), 'message: <code>convertToInteger(\"JamesBond\")</code> should return NaN');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "releasedOn": "February 17, 2017",
      "translations": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "587d7b7e367417b2b2512b24",
      "title": "Use the Conditional (Ternary) Operator",
      "description": [
        "The <dfn>conditional operator</dfn>, also called the <dfn>ternary operator</dfn>, can be used as a one line if-else expression.",
        "The syntax is:",
        "<code>condition ? statement-if-true : statement-if-false;</code>",
        "The following function uses an if-else statement to check a condition:",
        "<blockquote>function findGreater(a, b) {<br>  if(a > b) {<br>    return \"a is greater\";<br>  }<br>  else {<br>    return \"b is greater\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "This can be re-written using the <code>conditional operator</code>:",
        "<blockquote>function findGreater(a, b) {<br>  return a > b ? \"a is greater\" : \"b is greater\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Use the <code>conditional operator</code> in the <code>checkEqual</code> function to check if two numbers are equal or not. The function should return either true or false."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function checkEqual(a, b) {",
        "  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "checkEqual(1, 2);"
      ],
      "tail": [],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/.+?\\s*?\\?\\s*?.+?\\s*?:\\s*?.+?/gi.test(code), 'message: <code>checkEqual</code> should use the <code>conditional operator</code>');",
        "assert(checkEqual(1, 2) === false, 'message: <code>checkEqual(1, 2)</code> should return false');",
        "assert(checkEqual(1, 1) === true, 'message: <code>checkEqual(1, 1)</code> should return true');",
        "assert(checkEqual(1, -1) === false, 'message: <code>checkEqual(1, -1)</code> should return false');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "releasedOn": "February 17, 2017",
      "translations": {}
    },
    {
      "id": "587d7b7e367417b2b2512b21",
      "title": "Use Multiple Conditional (Ternary) Operators",
      "description": [
        "In the previous challenge, you used a single <code>conditional operator</code>. You can also chain them together to check for multiple conditions.",
        "The following function uses if, else if, and else statements to check multiple conditions:",
        "<blockquote>function findGreaterOrEqual(a, b) {<br>  if(a === b) {<br>    return \"a and b are equal\";<br>  }<br>  else if(a > b) {<br>    return \"a is greater\";<br>  }<br>  else {<br>    return \"b is greater\";<br>  }<br>}</blockquote>",
        "The above function can be re-written using multiple <code>conditional operators</code>:",
        "<blockquote>function findGreaterOrEqual(a, b) {<br>  return (a === b) ? \"a and b are equal\" : (a > b) ? \"a is greater\" : \"b is greater\";<br>}</blockquote>",
        "<hr>",
        "Use multiple <code>conditional operators</code> in the <code>checkSign</code> function to check if a number is positive, negative or zero."
      ],
      "challengeSeed": [
        "function checkSign(num) {",
        "  ",
        "}",
        "",
        "checkSign(10);"
      ],
      "tail": [],
      "solutions": [],
      "tests": [
        "assert(/.+?\\s*?\\?\\s*?.+?\\s*?:\\s*?.+?\\s*?\\?\\s*?.+?\\s*?:\\s*?.+?/gi.test(code), 'message: <code>checkSign</code> should use multiple <code>conditional operators</code>');",
        "assert(checkSign(10) === 'positive', 'message: <code>checkSign(10)</code> should return \"positive\". Note that capitalization matters');",
        "assert(checkSign(-12) === 'negative', 'message: <code>checkSign(-12)</code> should return \"negative\". Note that capitalization matters');",
        "assert(checkSign(0) === 'zero', 'message: <code>checkSign(0)</code> should return \"zero\". Note that capitalization matters');"
      ],
      "type": "waypoint",
      "challengeType": 1,
      "releasedOn": "February 17, 2017",
      "translations": {}
    }
  ]
}
