diff --git "a/resources/torah/torah_english.txt" "b/resources/torah/torah_english.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/resources/torah/torah_english.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,144410 @@ +THE + + +TWENTY-FOUR BOOKS + + +OF THE + + +HOLY SCRIPTURES + +CAREFULLY TRANSLATED + +ACCORDING TO THE MASSORETIC TEXT, ON THE BASIS OF THE + +ENGLISH VERSION. + +AND sri'I'MEI) WITH + +SHORT EXPLANATORY NOTES. + +BY + +ISAAC LEESER. + + +'For it shall not be forgotten out of the mouth of his seed."— Deut. xxxi. 21. + + +M + + +EDIIION + + +1891. + +FROM THE AMERICAN HEBREW I'flil.ISHINC IIOf.SK. + +THE BLOCH PUBLISHING ANH PRINTIX*; COMPANY. + +CiNriNNATI. C'lIIf Aliu. + + +L-i + + +PREFACE. + + +L\ presenting this work to the public, the transhitor wouW merely remark, that it is not a new notion +by which he was seized of late years which impelled him to the task, but a desire entertained for more than +a quarter of a century, since the day he ([uitted school in his native land to come to this country, to present +to his fellow-Israelites an English version, made by one of themselves, of the Holy Word of God. Fi-om +early infancy he was made conscious how much persons differing from us in religious ideas make use +of Scripture to assail Israel's hope and faith, by what he deems, in accordance with the well-settled +opinions of sound critics, both Israelites and others, a perverted and hence erroneous rendering of the +words of the original Bible. Therefore he always entertained the hope to be one day permitted to do for +his fellow Hebrews who use the English as their vernacular, what liad been done for the Germans by some +of the most eminent minds whom the Almighty has endowed with the power of reanimating in us the al- +most expiring desire for critical inquiry into the sacred te.xt. So much had been done by these, that the +translator's labours were rendered comparatively easy ; since he had before him the best results of the +studies of modern German Israelites, carried on for the space of eighty years, commencing with Moses +Mendelssohn, Herz Wesel, or, as he was called, Ilartog Wesscly, and Solomon of Dulmo, down to Dr. L. +Zunz,* of Berlin, whose work appeared in 183i>, Dr. Solomon Herxheinier, Rabbi of Aidialt-Bernburg, +whose woi'k was completed five years ago, and of Dr. Lewis Philippson,t Rabbi of Magdeburg in Prussian +Saxony, whose work is not yet quite conipletedj while writing this. In addition to these entire Bible trans- +lations, the translator has had access to partial versions of separate books, by Ottensosser, Heinemann, +Obernik, Ilochstiitter, Wolfson, Lciwenthal, and some anonymous writers, referred to occasionally in the notes +appended to this work ; besides which he has had the advantage of the copious notes of Dr. Philijipson's +and Dr. Herxheimer's Bibles, in which these learned men have collected the views of the investigators, +both Israelites and others, in the path of biblical criticism. The ancient versions, als( , of Onkclos, Jona- +than, and the Jerusalem Targumist have been carefully consulted ; and, wherever accessible, the comments of +the great expounders Rashi, (Rabbi Shelemoh Yizchaki,) Redak, (Rabbi David Kimchi.) Aben Ezra, (Rabbi +Abraham ben Mei'r ben Ezra,) Rashbam, (Rabbi Shelemoh ben Me'ir, the grandson of Rashi,) Ralbag, +(Rabbi Levi ben Gershom,) and Rabbenu Sa'adyah (Saadias) Gaori, as also the Michlol Yo]ihi, and the +modern Biurim, have been sedulously compared, so as to insure the utmost accuracy of which the translator +is capable. His library is not vci-y extensive; but he trusts that the foregoing catalogue of auxiliary +works will prove that he has had at hand as good materials as can be obtained anywhere to do justice to +his undertaking. It must be left to those acquainted with the subject, to decide whether he has taken due +advantage of the materials in his hand : but he trusts that the judgment will be in his favour, at least so +far, that he has been honest and faithful. + +The translator is an Israelite in faith, in the full sense of the word : he believes in the Scriptiu'cs as +they have been handed down to us ; in the truth and authenticity of prophecies and their ultimate literal +fulfilment. He has always studied the Scriptures to find a confirmation for his faith and hope ; neverthe- +less, he asserts fearlessly, that in his going through this work, he has thrown aside all bias, discarded +every preconceived opinion, and translated the text before him without regard to the result thence arising +for his creed. But no perversion or forced rendering of any text was needed to bear out liis opinions or +those of Israelites in general ; and he for one would place but little confidence in them, if he were com- +pelled to change the evident meaning of the Bible to find a support for them. He trusts, therefore, that +to those who agree with him in their religious persuasion, he has rendered an acceptable service; as they +will now have an opportunity to study a version of the Bible which has not been made by the authority + +* Dr. Zunz, whose work is often quoted in the notes, only translated the two books of Chronicles; but ho was aided by Rabbi +Chayim Arnbeim, of Glogau, with Genesis, Exodu«, Leviticus, Numbers, the Hooks of Kings, Ezekiel. Ilosoa, Obadiah, Jonah, Miclin, +Nalium, Zechariah, Proverbs, .Job, Ruth, Ecclesinstes, Esther, and Neheuiiah ; by Dr. Michael Sachs, then of Prague, but now of +Berlin, with Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, the Books of Samuel, Isaiah, Joel, Amos, H.abakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Malachi. +Psalms, the Song of Solomon, and Lamentations, (Jeremiah was translated by both conjointly:) and by Dr. Julius Fiirst, of +Leipzig, with Daniel and Ezra. Occasionally in the notes, "Zunz" is named; at other tim^, the special translators. + +f The merit of the later translators consists tlierein that tliey liave adhered to the letter of the text, and not rendered it freely, +to avoid difficulties and to improve the style, as was done by Mendelssohn apd bis immediate follo-jvefg, ^ close, literal rendering +will be found to characterize this version also. + +J Only t9 1 Chronicles vi, 16, iii + + +0505 + + +IV PREFACE. + +of churches in which they can have no confidence ; and that to those also who arc of a different persua- +sion, his hibours will not be unacceptable, as exhibiting, so far as he could do it, the progress of biblical +criticism among ancient and modern Israelites — a task utterly beyond the power of any but a Jew by +birth and conviction. + +As regards the style, it has been endeavoured to adhere closely to that of the ordinary English version, +which for simplicity cannot be surpassed ; though, upon a critical examination, it will readily be perceived +that the various translators differed materially in their method, and frequently rendered the same word +in different ways. In the present version, great care has been taken to avoid this fault ; but the translator +does not mean to assert that he has succeeded to as great an extent as he could have desired. He will not +enumerate what he has done ; but let any one who is desirous to investigate this point compare the two +translations, and he will readily convince himself that this may be called a new version, especially of the +Prophets, Psalms, and Job ; and he confidently hopes that the meaning has been rendered more clear by +the version itself, and, where this was not altogether practicable, by the notes appended at the foot of the + +He found great difficulty about coming to a satisfactory resolution with regard to tlie spelling of the +proper nouns. Any one the least acquainted with the manner they are presented in the common versions +and the languages of Western Europe, must know that they are very much corrupted ; but tliey have in +this shape become so much interwoven with the language of history and of daily conversation, that it +would have produced endless confusion to spell them after the original manner. Hence the ordinary method +had to be retained for words in constant use ; but where this was not the case, a spelling more in ac- +cordance with the original has been resorted to. The j should always be pronounced as y, to accord with +the Hebrew ; and ia as ya. A sliould be sounded as long ah ; c as long a ; i as long ec ; and u as oo. +Cli stands for the Hebrew H j where J7 occurs in the Hebrew, an apostrophe ' has been used for the +most part ; but there are no English letters to represent these sounds exactly. For instance, " Zecha- +riah," pronounce Zecharyah ; "Jehu," as Yay-lwo, &c. + +The translator will not ask that his errors and misconceptions shall be excused ; but he trusts that any +fault which may be discovered will be kindly pointed out to him, so that he may be able to make use of +all such remarks to correct his work in a future edition ; and he for his own part will not be satisfied with +what he has done, but endeavour to improve hy future experience. + +Whenever words have been supplied which are not in the text, but requisite to make the sense clear, +they have been placed in parentheses; for instance, 1 Chron. iii. 9, "(These were) all the sons of David," +where there is no equivalent in Hebrew for "these were," though no sense could be made of the phrase +without supplying these two words. The parenthesis is also used occasionally, but very seldom, to denote +a construction, where an actual parenthesis of a whole sentence, or of one or more verses, occurs. + +The whole work has been undertaken at the sole responsibility, both mercantile and literary, of the +translator. No individual has been questioned respecting the meaning of a single sentence ; and not an +English book has been considted, except Bagster's Bible, a few notes of which have been incorporated +with this. The peculiarity of the style will readily indicate them. The author's name would have been +appended, had it been known to the translator. + +Althougli about the sixth part of the contents of this volume are notes, still he did not mean to write a +commentary on the Bible, nor must the notes 1)0 regarded as any thing else tlian a mere slight aid for the +explanation of grammatical and other difficulties. For this they are ]irobably ample enough ; otherwise +they must appear very defective in quantity and manner. + +With these few remarks the translatoi' surrenders a labour in which ho has been engaged, occasionally, +for more than fifteen years, to the kindness of the public, trusting that, by the blessing of the Father of +all, it may be made instrumental in diffusing a taste for Scripture reading among the community of Is- +raelites, and be the means of a better appreciation of the great treasures of revelation to many who never +have had the ojiportunity of knowing what the Hebrews have done for niankin.atti. Vortu^iicso oouunenco veree 14. + +a Portuguese leave out It lo 20. + +I Jf Sabbiith be on tiie third day. the order is changed, + + +f Others commence x.\vi. 37. +"' On wecli days. xv. lil-xvi. 17. +ft On week day?, xv. 19-x\'i. 17. + +jj Povtufrueso "say no llaiititor.ib on Fast days' aflcrnoon. cxicpt +on itth of Ah, wlicn'they say JJoseft^iy. 2-10, and Mi<'hali vii. 18-20, + + +r- + + +C (J N T E N T S. + + +PAGE + +I'AHT I— TlIK I'KXTATI'irCII 1 + +Genesis o + +p]xci(liis (i(i + +Leviticu.s IIS + +Numbers If)!) + +Iti'Utcrnrioiiiy 21(1 + +PART IT— THE PROPHETS: + +Division I. — Tjie Earlif.r Prophets ... 255 + +Joshua 257 + +Judges 286 + +1 Samuel 315 + +2 Samuel 353 + +1 Kincs 385 + +2 Kings 423 + +Division II. — The Latkr Prophets 459 + +Isaiah 461 + +Jeremiah 522 + +Ezekiel .590 + +The Twelve iAIinor Prophets : + +Hosea 654 + +Joel 664 + +Amos 668 + + +PAOH + +The Twelve Minor Phciphet.s — contimied. + +Oliiidiah 675 + +Jonah 677 + +Micah (■)79 + +Nalniui 685 + +llal^kkiik 687 + +Zephaniah 690 + +Haggai 694 + +Zechariah 696 + +Malachi 707 + +PART III.— THE IIAGIOGRAPHA 711 + +The Psalms 713 + +The Proverbs 794 + +Job 824 + +The Song of Solomon 860 + +Ruth 864 + +Lamentations 868 + +Eccle.siastes 874 + +Esther 884 + +Daniel 893 + +Ezra 912 + +Neheuiiah 924 + +IClironieies 941 + +2 Chronicles 973 + + +D^mnm D^N^nj mm + + +THE HOLY SCRIPTURES + +PART FIRST, + + +CONTAINING + + +THE PENTATEUCH; OR, THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES. + +nvT2 ^)'^^^) + +GENESIS, n'^'Nnn exodus, mjDtr + +LEVITICUS, Nipn NUMBERS, -\21D2 + +DEUTERONOMY, OnDI- + + +THE r,OOK OF GENESIS, + +BERESlilTH,' n'u'NID, +CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND PATRIARCHS. + + +SECTION I. BERESHITH, n^:;*NnD. +CHAPTER I. + +1 In the beginning God created the heaven +and the earth. + +2 And the eai'th was withont form and +void, and darknes.'^ was upon the face of the +deep ; and the spirit of God was waving over +tlie face of the waters. + +8 And God said, Let there be light ; and +there was hght. + +4 And God saw the Hght that it was good; +and God divided between the light and the +darkness. + +5 And God called the light Day, and the +darkness he called Night. And it was even- +ing and it was morning, the first day. + +G iy And God said. Let there be an expan- +sion'' in the midst of the waters, and let it +divide between waters and waters. + +7 And God made the expan.sion, and di- +vided between the waters which were under +the expansion and the waters which were +above the expansion : and it was so. + +8 And God called the expansion Heaven. +And it was evening and it was morning, the'^ +second day. + +9 T[ And God said, Let the waters under +the heaven be gathered together unto one +|)lace, and let the dry land be visible : and it +was so. + +10 And (iod called the dry land Earth ; +and the gathering together of the waters he +called Seas: and God saw that it was "ood. + + +" This word is the D;nue of the Jirsl weekly section, also ! +of the first book of Moses, from the first word thereof, +which is Berishith, i. e. " In the beginning.'" — It must +be understood that the whole law is divided into fift3'- +foiir sections, appointed to be read during the course +of the year, so that each Sabbath one or two conjointly +are read. Each of these sections bears a natno derived +fnirn the A'/'s/ distinctive word thereof, and this will bet +found indicated throughout the Pentateuch of this edition. + +' I have preferred this term to (he usual translations, + + +11 And (Jod said, Let the earth bring forth +grass, herbs yielding seed, fruit-trees yielding +fruit after their* kind, in which its seed is +upon the earth : and it was so. + +12 And the earth brought forth grass, herbs +yielding seed after their kind, and trees yield- +ing fruit, in which its seed is after their +kind : and God saw that it was good. + +13 And it was evening ;ind it was morn- +ing, the third day.'^" + +14 ][ And God said, Let there be lights in +the expansion of the heaven to divide be- +tween the day and the night ; and let them +be lor signs, and for seasons, and for days, +and years ; + +15 And let them be for lights in the ex- +jjansion of the heaven, to give light upon the +earth : and it was so. + +IG And God made the two great lights ; +the greater light to*^ rule the day, and the +lesser light to rule the night; and the stars. + +17 And God set them in the expansion of +the heaven to give light upon the earth, + +18 And to rule by day and by night, and +! to divide between the liglit and the darkness : + +and God saw that it was good. + +19 And it was evening and it was morn- +ing, the tburth day. + +20 ^ Antl God said, Let the waters bring +i forth abundantly moving creatures that have +|| life, and fowl that may fiy above the earth in + +the open expansion of the heaven. +■ 21 And God created the great sea-mon- + +because it expresses more correctly the idea of the Hebrew +word, from |'p"i to crptuid ; therefore, the expansion of +the atmosphere, not the fixed vault of the skies. + +" Properly, "a second day," the definite article being +wanting; and so with all the otiiers, up to the fifth day. + +''Properly, "it.s kind," referring to y_j' true, collec- +tive singular, rendered here with the plural trees. + +' The stars are used to denote the verses where the por- +tions of the various sections end. + +' Hob. " fnr llie rule of." + + +GENESIS I. II. BERESHITH. + + +sters," and every living creature that moveth, +which the waters brought forth abundantly +after their kind, and every winged Ibwl after +it,s kind : and God saw that it was good. + +22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruit- +ful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the +seas, and let the fowl multiply on the earth. + +23 And it was evening and it was morn- +ing, the fifth day.* + +24 ^ And God said, Let the earth bring +forth living creatures after their kind, cattle, +and creeping things, and beasts of the earth +after their kind : and it was so. + +25 And God made the beasts of the earth +after their kind, and the cattle after their +kind, and every thing that creepeth upon +the earth after its kind : and God saw that it +was good. + +26 And God said, Let us'' make man in +our image, after our likeness ; and they shall +have dominion over the fish of the sea, +and over the fowl of the heaven, and over +the cattle, and over all the earth, and over +every creeping thing that creepeth upon the +earth . + +27 And God created man in his image, +in the image of God created he him; male +and female created he them. + +28 And God blessed them, and God said +unto them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill +the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion +over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl +of the heaven, and over every living thing +that moveth upon the earth. + +29 And God said. Behold I have given +unto you every herb bearing seed, which is +upon the face of all the earth, and every tree +on which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed ; +to you it shall be for food. + +30 And to every beast of the earth, and +to every fowl of the heaven, and to every +thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein +there is life, (I have given) every green herb +lor food : and it was so. + +.SI And God saw" every thing that he + + +* Meaning, all the greater animals that inhabit the seas, +in contradistinction to the smaller creatures afterwards +described. + +'' This phrase is employed here, as in other places, to +express the purpose of the Deity to eflcct his will. This +construction is called " the plural of majesty." + +° " Looked over;" meaning, that when all had been +completed, the Creator, so to s:iy, cast his view over all, +and then saw that there was nothing defective in the whole +4 + + +had made, and behold, it was very good. +And it was evening and it was morning, the +sixth day. + +CHAPTER n. + +1 ^ Thus were finished the heavens and the +earth, and all their host. + +2 And God had finished on the seventh +day his work which he had made, and he +rested on the seventh day from all his work +which he had made. + +3 And God blessed the seventh day, and +sanctified it ; because thereon he had rested +from all his work which God had created in +making it.*" + +4 ]y These are the generations" of the hea- +vens and of the earth when they were created, +on the day that the Lord' God made earth +and heaven. + +5 And every plant of the field was not yet +on the earth, and every herb of the field had +not yet grown ; for the Lord God had not +caused it to I'ain upon the earth, and man +was not yet there to till the ground. + +G But there went up a mist froui the +earth, and watered the whole face of the +ground. + +7 And the Lukd God formed the man of +dust from the ground, and breathed into his +nostrils the breath of life ; and the man be- +came a living being. + +8 And the Lord God planted a garden in +Eden to the eastward, and he put there the +man whom he had formed. + +9 And the Lord God caused to grow out +of the ground every tree that is i)leasant to +the sight and good for food; and the tree of +life in the midst of the gai'den, and the tree +of the knowledge of good and evil. + +10 And a river went out of Eden to water +the garden, and from there it was })arted, and +became four principal streams. + +11 The name of the first is Pishon, the +same which compasseth the wliole land of +Havilah, where there is gold. + +system of outward nature, produced by his creative power + +" After PiULiPl'soN. + +' " The history of the creation." — iMemjELSsohn. + +' The proper signification of this word is the Eternal, +which term will be used when absolutely required, but +generally the usual word will be employed; but its proper +sense will be indicated, as is customary in all the English +Bibles, by printing it in what is technically called small + +OAl'ITALS. + + +GENESIS II. III. BERESHITH. + + +12 And the gold of that land is good ; there +IS the bdellium and the onyx stone. + +13 And the name of the second r'ner is +Gihon, the same which compa.sseth the whole +land of Cush. + +14 And the name of tlie third river is Hid- +dekel, the same which tloweth towards the +east of Assyria; and the fourth river is the +Euphrates. + +15 And the Lord God took the man, and +put him into the garden of Eden, to till it, +and to keep it. + +16 And the Lord God commanded the +man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou +mayest freely eat; + +17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good +and evil, thou shalt not eat of it ; for on the day +that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. + +18 And the Lord God said. It is not good +that the man should Ijc alone; I will make +him a help suitable for him.* + +19 And the Lord God had formed out of +the ground eve r}' beast of the field, and every +fowl of the heaven, and he brought them unto +the man to see what he would call them ; and +whatsoever the man would call every living +creature, that should be its name. + +20 And the man gave names to all cattle, +and to the fowl of the heaven, and to every +beast of the field ; but for man there was not +found a help suitable for him. + +*21 And the Lord God caused a deep sleep +to fall upon the man, and he slept ; and he +took one of his ribs, and clo.sed up the fiesh +instead thereof + +22 And the Lord God formed'' the rib +which he had taken from the man into a wo- +man, and brought her unto the man. + +2o And the man said. This time'' it is bone +of my bones, and flesh of my tlesh ; this shall +be called Wouum, [Isliah.] because out of +Man [Ish] was this one taken. + +24 Therefore doth" a man leave his father +and his mother, and cleave unto his wife, and +thev become one flesh. + + +'After the Hebrew, "built." + +■* In opposition to the otber animals named before, they +being unlike man, consequently not like the woman, bone +of his bone, and flesh of his flesh. — 1'iiilippson gives it : +" This one, at this time, is," &c. + +' The Hebrew future employed in the text represents +not a command, but the habit; and, in this manner, the +future tense is frctjuently used, where a constant prnetiee +or habit is alluded to + + +25 And they were Ijotli naked, the man +and his wife, and were not ashamed. + +CHAPTER III. + +1 Now the serpent was more subtle than +any beast of the field which the Lord God +had made ; and he said luito the wonum, Ilath +God indeed said, Ye shall not eat of every +tree of the garden ? + +2 And the woman said unto the serpent, +We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the +garden ; + +3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in +the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye +shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch'' it, +lest ye die. + +4 And the serpent said luito the woman. +Ye will surd}' not die ; + +5 For God doth know, that, on the day ye +eat thereof, your eyes will be opened, and ye +will be as God, knowing good and evil. + +6 And when the woman saw that the tree +was good for food, tnid that it was pleasant to +the eyes, and the tree was desirable to make +one wise," she took of its frint, and did eat, +and gave also unto her liusliand with her, and +he did eat. + +7 And the eyes of both of them were +opened, and they felt that they were naked ; +and they sewed fig-leaves together, and made +themselves aprons. + +8 And they heard the voice of the Lord God +walking in the garden in the cool of the day; +and the man and his wife hid themselves' +from the presence of the Lord God amongst +the trees of the garden. + +9 And the Lord God called unto the man, +and said unto him, Where art thou? + +10 And he said, Th\- voice I heard in the +garden ; and I was afraid, because I am +naked; and I hid my.self. + +11 And he said, Who told thee that thou art +naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree,whereoI +I couimanded tliee that thou shoiddest not eat? + +12 And the man said. The woman whom + +•^ Here is shown the danger \ These are the generations of Shem: +I Shem. wlieii a himdred years old, begat + +Arpachshad, two years after the ftood. + +11 And Shem lived after he had begotten +Arpachshad five hundred years; and begat +sons and daughters. + +12 ]f And Arpachshad lived five and thirty +years, and begat Shelach. + +13 And Arpach.shad lived after he had be- +gotten Shelach four hundred and three" years; +and beo;at sons and dauuhters. + +14 ^j And Shelach lived thirty years, and +begat Eber. + +"from Ararat," which, though properly to the north-west of +Shinar, yet was to the east of Palestine and Egypt, where +the Israelites, and consecjuently Moses the writer of the +books of the law, lived. Others again imagine that an +emigration to the east proper may have taken place before, +and they were then journeying back to Shinar. + +" A peculiar earthy adhesive substance of that country. + +^ From Bahlal SS^ " to mingle." + +" Eemarkable decrease of the length of human life. +When before the flood the age of man reached to near a +thousand years, as was the case also with Noah : Shem + +18 + + +GENESIS XI. XII. LECH LECHA. + + +1 5 And Shelach lived after he had begotten +Eber four hundred and three years; and begat +sons and daughters. + +16 ^ And Eber lived four and thirty years, +and begat Peleg. + +17 And Eber lived after he had begotten +Peleg four hundred and thirty years ; and +begat sons and daughters. + +18 ^ And Peleg lived thirty years, and +begat Eeii. + +19 And Peleg lived after he had begotten +Eeii two hundred and nine years ; and begat +sons and daughters. + +20 ^ And Reii lived two and thirty years, +and begat Serug. + +21 And Reii lived after he had begotten +Serug two hundred and seven 3ears; and be- +gat sons and daughters. + +22 ^ And Serug lived thirty years, and +begat Nachor. + +23 And Serug lived after he had begotten +Nachor two hundred years; and begat sons +and daughters. + +24 ^ And Nachor lived nine and twenty +years, and begat Terach. + +25 And Nachor lived after he had begotten +Terach a hundred and nineteen years ; and +begat sons and daughters. + +26 ^ And Terach lived seventy years, and +begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran. + +27 Now these are the generations of Te- +rach : Terach begat Abram, Nachor, and +Haran ; and Haran begat Lot. + +28 And Haran died before his father Te- +rach in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the +Chaldees.* + +29 And Abram and Nachor took themselves +wives; the name of Abram's wife was Sarai; +and the name of Nachor's wife was Milcah, +the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, +and the father of Yiscah. + +30 But Sarai was barren ; she had no child. + +31 And Terach took Abram his son, and + +lived only six huudred yeans, and his son four Luudred +und thirty-eiglit, till Abraham reached but one hundred +and seventy-live years, and in Moses's time the years of +man were reduced to mere " threescore and ten." May +we not discover in this circumstance a wise Providence ? +If the people before the flood, trusting in their long +stay on earth, forgot their Maker, the speedy accounta- +bility in those of later times was well calculated to make +I hem reflect on their conduct. Besides this, the decrease +of human life was gradual, which would seem to be owing +to the necessity of leaving, in the first ages, life sufficiently +long to enable iiuinkiud to people the earth by degrees. +14 + + +Lot, the son of Haran, his son's son, and +Sarai his daughter-in-law, the wife of his son +Abram ; and they went forth with them from +Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of +Canaan ; and they came unto Charan, and +dwelt there. + +32 And the days of Terach were two hun- +dred and five years; and Terach died in +Charan. ' + +Haphtorah in Isaiah liv. 1-10 ; the Germans read to Iv. 5. + + +SECTION III. LECH LECHA, -[S ^S. + +CHAPTER XII. + +1 ][ Now the Lord had said unto Abram, +Get thee out of thy country, and out thy +birthplace, and from thy father's house, unto +the laud that I will show thee. + +2 And I will make of thee a great nation, +and I will bless thee, and make thy name +great ; and thou shalt be a blessing :" + +3 And I will bless those that bless thee, +and him'' that curseth thee, will I curse; and +in thee" shall all families of the earth be +blessed. + +4 So Abram departed, as the Lord had +spoken unto him, and Lot went with him ; +and Abram was seventy and five years old at +his departure out of Charan. + +5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot +his brother's son, and all their substance tliat +they had acquired, and the persons'^ that they +had obhiined in Charan ; and they went forth +to go into the land of Canaan ; and they came +into the land of Canaan. + +6 And Abram passed through the land +unto the place'' of Shechem, unto the plain of +Moreh; and the Canaanite was then in the land. + +7 And the Lord appeared unto Abram, +and said. Unto thy seed will I give this land. +And he built there an altar unto the Lord, +who had appeared unto him. + + +' "So great shall.be thy blessing and prosperity, that +thou shalt become a blessing to others ; for when a man +shall bless his .son, he will say to him, May the Lord bless +thee with Abraham's blessing." — Dubno. + +'' " In the singular ; for few would curse Abraham, +whilst many would bless him." — Idem. + +" "Through thee, for thy sake and thy merit." — Idem. + +''English version, "souls." "And the souls whom +they had subjected to the Law."^ — Onkelos. But the +simple and evident meaning is, " the servants and follow- +ers whom they have obtained control of" + +" Tluit is, " where Shechem was afterward built." + + +GENESIS XII. XIII. LECH LECHA. + + +8 And he removed from there unto the +mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched +his tent, liaving Beth-el on the west, and 'Ai +on the east; and he built there an altar unto +the Lord, and called upon the name" of the +Lord. + +9 And Abram journeyed farther, still go- +ing on toward the south. + +10 1[ And there arose a famine in the +land : and Aljram went down into Egypt'' to +sojourn there; for the ianiine was grievous in +the land. + +11 And it came to pass, when he was +come near to enter into Egypt, that he said +unto Sarai his wife. Behold now, I know that +thou art a woman of handsome appearance : + +12 And it may come to pass, when the +Egyptians shall see thee, that they will say, +This is his wife; and they may kill me, but +thee they will save alive. + +13 Say then, I pray thee, thou art my +sister, that it may go well with me for thy +sake, and my soul live because of thee.''' + +14 And it came to pass, when Abram was +come into Egypt, that the Egyptians beheld +the woman that she was very fair. + +15 The princes also of Pharaoh saw her, +and commended her to Pharaoh; and the +woman was taken into Pharaoh's house. + +16 And he did well to Abram for her +sake; and he received sheep, and oxen, and +he-asses, and men-servants, and maid-servants, +and slie-asses, and camels. + +17 But the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his +house with great plagues because of Sarai, +Abram's wife. + +18 And Pharaoh called' Abram, and said, +What is this that thou hast done unto me? +Why didst thou not tell me that she is thy +wife ? + +19 Why saidst thou. She is my sister? +and so 1 took her to me for a wife ; now there- +fore, behold, here is thy wife, take her, and +go thy way. + +20 And Pharaoh commanded some men + + +" Aben Ezra, "or, called the people together to .serve +the Lord." + +'' Because Egypt was better cultivated than Canaan, +which was generally inhabited by the nomadic tribes in +till' days of the patriarchs. + +" That is, "had him called." + +'' The south of Palestine ; for, correctly speaking, Abra- +ham travelled northward from Egypt, but still the first part +of Palestine he reached on his return was "the south" thereof, i + + +im, who accompanied +his wife, and all that he had. + + +inn + + +and + + +CHAPTER XIII. + +1 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, +and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot +with him. into the south.'* + +2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in +silver, and in gold. + +3 And he went on his journeys front the +south even to Beth-el, unto the place where +his tent had been at the beginning, between +Beth-el and 'Ai ; + +4 Unto the place of the altar, which he +had made there at the first ; and Abram called +there on the name of the Lord.* + +5 And Lot also, who went with Abram, +had flocks, and herds, and tents. + +6 And the land was not able to bear them, +that they might dwell together; for their sulj- +stance was great, so that they could not dwell +together. + +7 And there arose a strife between the +herdmen of Abram's cattle, and the herdmen +of Lot's cattle : and the Canaanite and the +Perizzite dwelled then in the land. + +8 And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be +no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, +and between my herdmen and thy herdmen ; +for we are near relatives. + +9 Is not the whole land before thee ? Sepa- +rate thyself, I pray thee, from me : if thou +wilt take the left hand, then I will go to tlie +right; or if thou depart to the right, then I +will go to the left. + +10 And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld +all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered +everywhere; before' the Lord destroyed So- +dom and Gomorrah, (it was) like the garden +of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, till thou +comest unto Zoiir. + +11 Then Lot chose himself all the plain +of Jordan ; and Lot journeyed east / and +they separated themselves the one from the +other. + +" This version, somewhat differing from the English +Bible, is according to Rashi and others, and removes the +obscurity which otherwise exists. The second part of this +verse must thus be regarded as a parathesis explaining the +character of the plain of the Jordan, which Lot chose for +his habitation. + +' The same construction again as above, xi. 2, Dlpo, " to +the east," instead of "from." + +16 + + +GENESIS Xlil. XIV. LECH LECHA. + + +1:^ Abrain dwelt in the land of Canaan; +and Lot dwelt in tlie cities of the plain, and +pitched his tents, till close to Sodom. + +LS But the men of Sodom were wicked +and sinners before the Lord exceedingly. + +14 And the Lord said nnto Abram, after +Lot was separated from him, Lift up now thy +eyes, and look from the place where thou art, +northward, and southward, and eastward, and +westward ; + +15 For all the land which thou seest, +to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for +ever. + +16 And I will make thy seed as the dust +of the earth; so that if a man can number +the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also +be numbered. + +17 Arise, walk through the land in the +length of it and in the breadth of it ; for unto +thee will I give it. + +18 Then Abram pitched his tent, and came +and dwelt in the grove" of Manire, which is in +Hebron; and he built there an altar unto the +Lord.* + +CHAPTER XIV. + +1 ^ And it came to pass, in the days of Am- +raphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, +Kedorlaomer king of Ehim, and Tidal king of +Goyim ; + +2 That these made war with Bera king +of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, +Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king +of Zeboyim, and the king of Bela, which is +Zoar. + +(J All these joined together in tlie vale of +Siddim, which is now the salt sea. + +4 Twelve years had they served Kedor- +laomer, l)ut in the thirteenth year they re- +belled. + +5 And in the fourteenth year came Kedor- +laomer, and the kings that were with him. +and they smote the Repha'im in Ashteroth- +karnayim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the +Emim in Shaveh-kiriathayim, + +G And the Horites in their mountain + +* Mcndt'I.ssnlin, after Abt^u Ezra, translates the word +]\ht< in this inauuer, siucc it is used to express "tree" in +many places. Onkelos, however, calls it "plain." + +'' The pits. Compare with Exod. xxi. 33, where noB', +like here, refers to the pit into which the animal falls; not +"there," as in the English version. + +° Brother, in Hebrew, denotes frecjiuntly a near rela- +16 + + +Se'ir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilder- +ness. + +7 And they returned, and came to En- +mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the +country of the Amalekites, and also the Emor- +ites, that dwelt in Ilazezon-tamar. + +8 And then went out the king of Sodom, +and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of +Adnudi, and the king of Zeboyim, and the +king of Bela, (the same is Zoar;) and they +joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim; + +9 With Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and +with Tidnl king of Goyim, and Amraphel +king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; +four kings with five. + +10 And the vale of Siddim was full of +slime-pits; and the kings of Sodom and Go- +morrah fled, and fell therein ;^' and they that +remained fled to the mountain. + +11 And they took all the goods of Sodom +and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went +their way. + +12 And they took Lot, Abrani's brother's +son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and +departed. + +13 And there came one that had escaped, +and told it to Abram the Hebrew; but he +dwelt in the grove of Mamre the Emorite, +brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner, and +these were confederates of Abram. + +14 And when Abram heard that his +brother" was taken captive, he armed his +trained servants, born in his own house, three +luuidred and eighteen, and pursued them unto +Dan." + +15 And he divided himself against them, +he and his servants, by night, and smote them, +and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on +the left hand of Damascus. + +IG And he brought back all the goods; +and he also brought again his brother Lot, +and his goods, and also the women, and the +people. + +17 And the king of Sodom went out to +meet him (after his return from smiting Ke- +dorlaomer, and the kings that were with him) + +tive, for above he is called, as he was, Abram's brother's +son. + +'' Perhaps another city than the ancient Laish, though +evidently in the same neighbourhood. If a conjecture +may be hazarded, it may have been a place of resort for +judgment, from tn doi), in the north, as 'En-mishpat, /. c. +"the spring of judgment," was at the south of Palestine + + +GENESIS XIY. XY. LECH LECHA. + + +at the valley of Shaveh, which i.s the kings' +(Jale. + +18 And Malkizedek king of Salem brought +I'orth breaf the midst of the overthrow, when he over- +threw the cities in the which Lot had dwelt. + +30 And Lot went up out of Zoar, and + +' "Little," from milr.di-, + +^ Eng. vor. " the siuokc! nf the country wont up," &c. + +° Not for any particular merit in Lot, although ho was + +not so corrupt as the other men in Sodom ; but because + +lie was a kinsman of Abraham; for the sake of Abraham's + +virtue was Lot spared. (See Gen. xxvi. .5; PLxod. xx. 6.) + +22 + + +dwelt in the mountain, and his two daugh- +ters with him, for he feared to dwell in Zoiir; +and he dwelt in a cave, he, and his two +daughters. + +31 And the first-born said unto the young- +er. Our father is old, and there is not a man +in the country to come in unto us after the +manner of all the earth : + +32 Come, let us make our father drink +wine, and we will lie with him, that we may +preserve seed of our firther. ' + +33 And they made their fother drink wine +that night; and the first-born went in, and +lay with her father, and he perceived not +when she la}' down, nor when she arose. + +34 And it came to pass on the morrow, +that the first-born said unto the younger, Be- + +I hold, I lay yesternight with my lather; let us +make him drink wine this night also, and go +thou in, and lie with liim, that we may pre- +serve seed of our father. + +35 And they made their father drink wine +that night also ; and the younger arose, and +lay with him, and he perceived not when she +lay down, nor when she arose. + +30 And both the daughters of Lot became +with child by their father. + +37 And the first-born bore a son, and +called his name MoJib;'' the same is the father +of the Moabites unto this day. + +38 And the younger, she also bore a son, +and called his name Ben-ammi:'' the same is +the father of the children of Ammon unto this +day. + +CHAPTER XX. + +1 \ And Abrahaui journeyed from there +toward the south country, and dwelt between +Kadesh and Sliur, and sojourned in Gerar. + +2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, +She is my sister; and Abimelech the king +of Gerar sent and took Sarah. + +3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream +by night,*^ and saiil to him. Behold, thou shalt +die for the sake of the woman whom thou hast +taken ; for she is a man's wife. + +4 But Abimelech had not come near to + + +^ " From my father," jVaiilj JNTO, from Al> 3N'. + +" " The son of my poople," Ammon poy, from Ben- +ammi 'n>' p. + +' Literally, "in a dream of the night," a species of pro- +phecy specially referred to in Numb. xii. 6; also Gen +xxxi. 11, 24, &c. + + +CxENEStS XX. XXI. \^AYERA. + + +her; and he said, Lord, wilt thou then sLay +also a righteous nation ?" + +5 Said he not unto me, She is my sister? +and she, even she herself, said. He is my +brother ; in the integrity of my heart and the +innocency of my hands have I done this. + +6 And God said unto him in the dream. +Yea, I also well know that thou hast done +this in the integrity of thy heart; therefore +did I also withhold thee from sinning against +me ; for this cau.se I suffered thee not to touch +her. + +7 And now restore the man's wife, for he +is a prophet, and he will pray for thee, that +thou mayest live ; and if thou restore her +not, know thou, that thou shalt surely die, +thou and all that are thine. + +8 And Abimelech rose early in the morn- +ing, and called all his servants, and told all +these things in their hearing; and the men +were greatly afraid. + +9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and +said unto him. What hast thou done unto us? +and in what have I oflended thee, that thou +hast brought on me and on my kingdom a +great sin ? deeds that ought not to be done +thou hast done unto me. + +10 And Abimelech said unto Abraham, +What sawest thou, that thou didst this thing? + +11 And Abraham said, Because I thought. +Surely there is no fear of God in this place,'' +and they will sLay me for the sake of my +wife. + +12 And yet indeed she is my sister, the +daugliter of my father, but not the daughter +of my mother ; and she became my wife. + +13 And it came to pass, when God° caused +me to wander from my father's house, that I +said unto her, This is thy kindness which +thou shalt show unto me ; at every place +whither we shall come, say of me. He is my +brother. + +14 And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen, +and men-servants, and women-servants, and +gave them unto Abraham, and restored to him +Sarah his wife. + +' This speech of Abimelech proves that the nations of +Palestine were acquainted with the moral laws : hence +their tra'isgressions were sinful. + +'' The beauty, therefore, of his wife would expose him +to the violence of those who might desire to possess them- +selves ol her agaiust his will. + +' Heb. D"nSx 'nx i;?nn "the Gods caused me to wan- +der," the plural of majesty. Compare above, i. 26. + + +I'j And Al)inH'lccli said. Behold, my land +is before thee: dwell where it is pleasing in +thy eyes. + +16 And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have +given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver : +behold, this is to thee a covering of the eyes'' +unto all that are with thee; and with all +others thou canst thus justify thyselt^' + +17 And Abraham prayed unto God ; and +God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his +maid-servant.s, so that they could bear chil- +dren. + +18 For the Lord had fast closed up every +womb of the house of Abimelech, because of +Sarah, Abraham's wife. + +CHAPTER XXL + +1 ^f And the Loud visited Sarah as he had +said, and the Lord did unto Sarah as he had +spoken . + +2 And Sarah conceived, and bore unto +Abi'aham a son in his old age, at the ap- +pointed time of which God had spoken to +him. + +3 And Abraham called the name of his +son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bore +to him, Isaac. + +4 And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac, +at eight days old, as God had commanded +him.''' + +5 And Abraham was a hundred years old, +when his son Isaac was born imto him. + +6 And Sarah said, God hath made me joy,' +whoever heareth it will laugh concerning me. + +7 And she said, Who would have said +unto Abraham, that Sarai should have given +children suck ? yet I have born a son in his +old age. + +8 And the child grew, and was weaned; +and Abraham made a great feast on the day +that Isaac was weaned. + +9 And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the +Egyptian, whom she had born unto Abra- +ham, mocking. + +10 Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast +out this bond-woman and her son ; for the son + +■^ That is, "avail," figurative for "justification." +' Rashi, who makes nriDJI the second person past tense +of the Niphal conjugation, which gives the best explana- +tion of this passage. Arnheim makes the word a partici- +ple, and renders the passage, " for all and each who contend +with thee." + +' Onkelos. Others render the word " laughing," thus +" Grod hath m.ado me eau.se for laughing." + +23 + + +GENESIS XXI. XXTI. VAYERA. + + +of this bond-woinan shall not be lieir with my +.son, with Isaac. + +11 And the thing was very grievous in +Abraham's eyes, because of his son. + +12 And God said unto Abraham, Let it +not be grievous in thy eyes because of the +lad, and because of thy bond-woman ; in all +that Sarah may say unto thee, hearken unto +her voice; for in Isaac" sliall thy seed be +called. + +13 And also of the son of the bond-woman +will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. + +14 And Abraham rose up early in the +morning, and took bread, and a bottle'' of water, +and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her +shoulder, and the child, and sent her away; +and she departed, and wandered astray in the +wilderness of Beer-sheba. + +15 And the water was spent from the bot- +tle, and she cast the child under one of the +shrubs. + +16 And she went, and seated herself down +at some distance, a good way off, about a bojv- +shot; for she said, I cannot look on when the +child dieih; so she sat at a distance, and +lifted up her voice, and wept. + +17 And God heard the voice of the lad; +and an angel of God called to Hagar out of +heaven, and said unto her, Wliat aileth thee, +Hagar? Pear not; for God hath heard the +voice of the lad, there where he is. + +18 Arise, lift up the lad, and lay hold on +him with thy hand; for I will make of him +a great nation. + +19 And God opened her eyes, and she saw +a well of water: and she went, and filled the +bottle with water, and gave the lad drink. + +2U And God was with the lad ; and he +grew up, and dwelt in the wilderness, and be- +came an arclier. + +21 And he dwelt in the wilderness of Pa- +ran; and his mother took hhn a wife out of +the land of Egypt.* + +22 *^\ And it came to pass at that time, that +Abimelech, and Phichol the chief captain of + +° The blessing made on a previous occasion, that all na- +tions .sliould be bless(!(l tiivoiijrh the seed of Abraham, +was to be aecouiplislied through Isaac and his descendants, +to the exclusion of Ishniael and the other children that +Abraham might have. + +^ The water-skin in which travellers carry the neces- +sary supply on their journey through the wilderness. + +" "Well of the oath." " Rashi, after the Talmud. + +• The word '' tempt" liere must be taken in the sense +24 + + +his host, spoke unto Abraham, saying, God is +with thee in all that thou doest: + +23 Now tlierefore swear unto me here by +God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, +nor with my son, nor with my son's son; (but) +according to the kindness that I have done +unto thee, shalt thou do unto me, and to +the land wherein thou hast sojourned. + +24 And Abraham said, I will swear. + +25 And Abraham reproved Abimelech be- +cause of a well of water, which Abimelech's +servants had violently taken away. + +26 And Abimelech said, I know not who +hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell +me; nor have I heard of it except this da}'. + +27 And- Abraham took sheep and oxen, +and gave them unto Abimelech ; and both of +them made a covenant. + +28 And Abraham set seven ewe-lambs of +the tlock, by themselves. + +29 And Abimelech said unto Abraham ; +What mean these seven ewe-lambs which thou +hast set by themselves ? + +30 And he said, Por these seven ewe-lambs +shalt thou take from my hand, that they may +be a witness unto me that I have dug this +well. + +31 Wherefore he called that place Beer- +sheba ;" because there they swore, both of +them. + +32 Thus they made a covenant at Beer- +sheba; then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol +the chief captain of his host, and they returned +into the land of the Philistines. + +33 And Abraham planted an orchard"" in +Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of +the Lord, the God of everlasting. + +34 And Abraham sojourned in the land of +the Philistines many daj's.* + +CHAPTER XXIL + +1 Tl And it came to pass after these things, +that God did tempt" Abraham, and he said +unto him, Abraham, and he said, Behold, +here am I. + + +ot proving, L e. God proved Abraham's constancy by the +command to sacrifice Isaac. All the other proofs of faith +hitherto demanded of him were to be crowned by the wil- +lingness to sacrifice up to the will of God his dearest hope, +the child in whom all the blessings promised him sin mid +be accomplished : still he obeyed, and did not complain +of the apparent inconsistency of the divine promise with +the present injunction of destroying the very child through +whom this blessing could alone be fulfilled. + + +GENESIS XXII. VAYERA. + + +2 And he said, Take now thy son, thy only +one, whom thou lovest, even Isaac, and get +thee into the Land of Moriah ; and offer +him there for a burnt^oflering upon one of +tiie mountains which I will tell thee of + +3 And Aljraham rose up early in the morn- +ing, and saddled his ass, and took two of his +young men with him. and Isaac his son; and +he clave the wood ft)r the burnt-offering, and +arose,'' and went unto tiie place of which God +had told him. + +4 On the third day Abraham lifted up his +eyes, and saw the place afar oflf. + +5 And Abraham said unto his young men, +Abide 3-e here with the ass, and I and the +lad will go yonder, and we will worship,'' and +then come again to you. + +6 And Abraham took the wood for the +burnt-oftering, and laid it upon Isaac his +son ; and he took in his hand the fire and +the knife ; and they went both of them to- +gether. + +7 And Isaac spoke unto Abraham his +father, and said. My fether; and he said. +Here am I, my son. And he said. Behold, +here is tlie fire and the wood ; but where is +the lamb for a burnt-offering? + +8 And Abraham said, God will provide +himself the lamb for a burnt-offering, my +son ;° so they went both of them together. + +9 And they came to the place which God +had told him of; and Abraham built there an +altar, and laid the wood in order, and bound +Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar above +the wood. + +10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, +and took the ivnife to slay his son. + +11 But the angel of the Lord called unto +him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abra- +ham ; and he said, Here am I. + +12 And he said. Lay not thy hand upon +the lad, neither do thou the least unto him; +for now I know that tliou fearest God, seeing +that thou hast not withheld thy son, thy only +one, from me. + +" This term, from the Hebrew DID " to arise," is mostly +employed when some exertion or activity is required to do +the act subsequently mentioned. + +'' Properly, "we will prostrate ourselves." + +° " Will look out and choose for himself the lamb; and +if there be no lamb, then my son, for the burnt^offering." +• — Rashi. + +^ " The Lord shall provide," from the words of Abra- + + +13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and +looked, and behold, there was a ram that +was afterward caught in a thicket by his +horns; and Abraham went and took the ram, +and offered him up for a burnt-offering in +the stead of his son. + +14 And Abraham called the name of that +place, Adonai-yireh ■.'^ as it is said to this +day," On the mount of the Lord it shall be +seen.*^ + +15 And the angel of the Lord called +unto Abraham the second time out of +heaven, + +16 And said, By myself have I sworn, saith +the Lord, since, because thou hast done this +thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thy +only one : + +17 That I will greatly bless thee, and I +will exceedingly multiply thy seed as the +stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is +upon the sea-shore ; and thy seed shall possess +the gate of his enemies ; + +18 And in thy seed shall all the nations of +the earth be blessed ; because that thou hast +obeyed my voice. + +19 And Abraham returned unto his young +men ; and they rose up, and went together to +Beer-sheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beer- +sheba.* + +20 T[ And it came to pass after these +things, that it was told to Abraham, saying. +Behold, Milcah, she also, hath born children +unto Nachor thy brother; + +21 'Uz his first born, and Buz his brother, +and Kemuel the father of Aram, + +22 And Kesed, and Chazo, and Pildash, +and Yidlaph, and Bethuel. + +23 And Bethuel begat Rebekah ; these +eight did Milcah bear to Nachor, Abraham's +brother. + +24 And his concubine, whose name was +Reiimah, she also bore Tebach, and Gacham, +and Thachash, and Maachah. + +Haphtorah, in 2d Kings iv. 1 to 37 ; but the Portuguese end +with V. 23. + + +ham to Isaac, Eloliim yireh lo liassay, " God will provide +himself the lamb." + +• " In future days, as all ' unto this day' in Scripture +must be understood ; for all coming generations, who read +this verse, will say ' unto this day' of the day in which +they are." — Rashi. + +' " Will the Lord appear" to his people. — Idem. + +26 + + +GENESIS XXIII. XXIV. CHAYE SARAH. + + +SECTION V. CHAYE SARAH, mt:' ''H. + +CHAPTER XXIII. + +1 Tl And the lifetime of Sarah was a hundred +and twenty-seven years; (these) were the +years of the life of Sarah. + +2 And Sarah died" in Kiryath-arba, the +same is Hebron in the land of Canaan : and +Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to +weep for her. + +3 And Abraham stood up from before his +dead, and spoke unto the sons of Heth, saying, + +4 A stranger and a sojourner I am with +you ; give me a possession for a burying-place +with you, that I may bury my dead out of my +sight. + +5 And the children of Heth answered +Abraham, saying unto him : + +6 Hear us, my lord ; a prince of God thou +art among us ; in the choice of our sepulchres +bury thy dead ; none of us shall withhold +from thee his sepulchre, so that thou mayest +bury thy dead. + +7 And Abraham stood up and bowed him- +self to the people of the land, to the children +of Heth. + +8 And he spoke with them, saying. If it be +your mind that I should bury my dead out of +my sight, hear me, and intercede for me with +Ephron the son of Zochar, + +9 That he may give me the cave of Mach- +pelah, which is his, which is at the end of his +field ; for as much money as it is worth he +shall give it me, for a possession as a burying- +place amongst you. + +10 And Eplinm dwelt among the children +oflletli; and Ephron the Hittite answered +Abraham in the hearing of the children of +Heth, of all tho.se that went in at the gate of +his city, saying, + +11 Nay, my lord, hear me: the field I give +to thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it +to thee; in the presence of the sons of my +peo|)le do I give it thee; bury thy dead. + +12 And Abraham bowed himself down be- +fore the people of the land. + +13 And he spoke unto Ephron in the hear- + +* It is the opinion of commentators that Sarah died in +tonsoquence of the grief she experienced when hearing +that Abraluim liad gone to sacrifice Isaac. + +'' Kpliron had protended great an.xiety to give the land +to Abraham ; but when he mentioned the value, Abra- +2(1 + + +ing of the people of the land, saying. But if +thou wouldst only hear me ; I will give the +money for the field, take it of me, and I will +bury my dead there. + +14 And Ephron answered Abraham, saying +unto him, + +15 My lord, hearken unto me : a piece of +land worth four hundred shekels of silver, +what is tliat between me and thee ? only bury +thy dead. + +16 And Abraham understood'' the meaning +of Ephron; and Aljraham weiglied out to +Ephron the silver which he had named in the +hearing of the sons of Heth, four hundred +shekels of silver, current with the merchant.* + +17 And the field of Ephron, which was in +Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the +field, and the cave which was therein, and all +the trees that wei-e in the field, that were in +all its borders round about, were made sure + +18 Unto Abraham for a bought possession +in the pre.'^ence of the children of Heth, before +all that went in at the gate of his city. + +19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah +his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah, +before Mamre, which is Hebron, in the land +of Canaan. + +20 And the field, with the cave that is +therein, was made sure unto Abraham for a +possession as a burying-j^lace by the sons of +Heth. + +CHAPTER XXIV. + +1 ^ And Abraham was old, well stricken in +years ; and the Lord had blessed Abraham in +all things. + +2 And Abraham said unto his servant, the +eldest of his house, Avho ruled over all that +he had, Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my +thigh : + +3 And I will make thee swear by the Lord, +the God of heaven, and the God of the earth, +that thou shalt not take a wife unto my son +from the daughters of the Canaanites,'" among +whom I dwell. + +4 But unto my country, and to my birth- +place shalt thou go, and take a wife unto my +son, unto Isaac. + + +ham at once understood his price, and weighed out the +amount which Ephron required. + +° That the descendants of those cursed by the father of +the new generation of man, should not mingle with those +blessed. (Gen. ix. 29.) — Dubno. + + +GENESIS XXIV. CHAYE SARAH. + + +5 And the servant said unto hini, Perad- +venture the woman will not be willing to fol- +low me unto this land : must I then bring +thy son again unto the land from which thou +earnest? + +G And Abraham said unto him, Beware +thou, that thou bring not my sou thither +again. + +7 The Lord, the God of heaven, who took +me from my fathers house, and from the land +of my birth, and who sjioke unto me, and who +swore unto me, saying. Unto thy seed will I +give this land : he will send his angel before +thee, and thou shalt take a wife unto my son +from there. + +8 But if the woman should not be willing +to follow thee, then shalt thou be clear from +this my oath : only my son thou shalt not +bring thither again. + +9 And the servant put his hand under the +thigh of Abraham his master, and swore to +him conceruiuo' this matter.* + +10 And the servant took ten camels of the +camels of his master, and departed, with all +kinds of precious things" of his master in his +hand ; and he arose, and went to Mesopota- +mia,'' unto the city of Nachor. + +11 And he made the camels to kneel down +without the city by a well of water at the +time of the evening, at the time that the +women go" out to draw water. + +12 And he said, 0 Lord, the God of my +master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good +speed this day, and deal kindly with my +master Abraham. + +13 Behold, I stand'' by the well of water; +and the daughters of the men of the city +come out to draw water : + +14 And let it come to pass, that the maiden +to whom I shall say. Let down thy pitcher, I +pray thee, that I may drink ; and she shall +say. Drink, and to thy camels also will I give +drink, be the one thou hast appointed for thy +servant Isaac ; and thereby shall I know that ' +thou hast shown kindness unto my master. + +15 And it came to pass, before he had + +* Eng. ver. " for all the goods of his master were in +his hand." Rashi explains that he took with him a +deed of gift of all Abraham's wealth unto Isaac. Others +refer it to the presents mentioned afterward : this opinion +has been adopted in this version. + +" " Aram-Naharayim," Syria of the two rivers, the Eu- +phrates and Tigris. + +° This custom still prevails. + + +yet finished speaking, that, heboid, Rebekah' +came out, who was born to Bethuel, the son +of Milcah, the wife of Nachor, Abraham's +brother, with her pitcher upon her shoulder, + +16 And the maiden was of a very^-jnd- +some appearance, a virgin, neither hai any +man known her; and she went down to the +well, and filled her pitcher, and came up. + +17 And the servant ran to meet her, and +said. Let me, I pray thee, drink a little water +out of thy pitcher. + +18 And she said, Drink, my lord : and .she +hastened, and let down her pitcher upon her +hand, and gave him to drink. + +19 And when she had finished giving him +drink, she said. Also for thy camels will I +draw water, until they have finished drinking. + +20 And she hastened, and emptied her +pitcher into the trough, and ran again unto +the well to draw water, and drew for all his +camels. + +21 And the man was wondering at her;' +remaining silent, to discover whether the +Lord had made his journey prosperous or +not. + +22 And it came to pass, as the camels had +finished drinking, that the man took a golden +ear-ring, half a shekel in weight, and two brace- +lets for her hands, ten gold shekels in weight ; + +23 And he said, Whose daughter art thou? +tell me, I pray thee ; is there room in thy +father's house for us to stay this night in ? + +24 And she said unto him, I am the +daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom +she bore unto Nachor. + +25 She said moreover unto him. We have +both straw and provender in plenty, as also +room to lodge in. + +26 And the man bowed down his head, +and prostrated himself before the Lord.* + +27 And he said, Blessed be the Lord, the +God of my master Abraham, who hath not +withdrawn his mercy and his truth from my +master ; I being on the way, which the Lord +hath led me, to the house of the brethren of +my master. + +* "I will place myself" — Arnheim and others. + +' Properly, Rihkah. + +' Meaning, he felt astonished at the remarkable verifi- +cation of the test he had proposed, and therefore remained +silent for some time, to endeavour first to find out by the +sequel whether indeed the maiden before him might truly +be the one of the family of Abraham, whom he was to +take as a wife for Isaac. + +27 + + +GENESIS XXIV. CHAYE SARAH. + + +28 And the maiden ran, and told at her +mother's house these things. + +29 And Rebelvah had a brother, and his +name was Laban ; and Laban ran out unto +the man, unto the welL + +30 And this came to pass, when he saw the +ear-ring and the bracelets upon his sister's +hands, and when he heard the words of Re- +bekah his sister, saying. Thus spoke the man +unto me ; and he came unto the man ; and, be- +hold, he was standing by the camels at the well. + +31 And he said. Come in, thou blessed of +the Lord; wherefore standest thou without? +while I have prepared"' the house and room +for the camels. + +32 And the man came into the house, and +he ungirded the camels; and he gave straw +and provender for the camels, and water to +wash his feet, and the feet of the men that +were with him. + +33 And there was set food before him to +eat ; but he said, I will not eat, until I have +spoken my w6rds. And he said. Speak on. + +34 And he said, I am Abraham's servant. + +35 And the Lord hath blessed my master +greatly ; and he is become great : and he hath +given him flocks, and herds, and silver, and +gold, and men-servants, and maid-servants, +and camels, and asses. + +36 And Sarah my master's Avife bore a son +to my master after she was become old: and +he hath given unto him all that he hath. + +37 And my master made me swear, sa^'- +ing. Thou shalt not take a wife for my son +from the daughters of the Caniianites, in +who.se land I dwell : + +38 But thou'' shalt go unto my father's +house, and to my kindred, and take a wife +unto my son. + +39 And I said unto my master, Peradven- +ture the woman will not follow me. + +40 And he said unto me. The Lord, before +whom I have walked, will send his angel with +thee, and prosper thy way; that thou mayest +take a wife ibr my son from my kindred, and +Irom my father's house. + +"Properly, "cleared out" the obstructions from the +house which might prevent the reception of guests. + +'' Some, among these Rashi, explain tliis vcr.se as a +condition, nS DX " if not," meaning that 'he should first +endeavour to obtain a wife from Abraham's family; but +" if not," then by inference to be permitted to choose one +elsewhere. + +° In the narrative, the word mi>J ndarah is found, +28 + + +41 Then shalt thou be clear from my oath, +when thou comest to my kindred; and if they +do not give thee one, (then) .shalt thou be +clear from my oath. + +42 And I came this day unto the well, and +said, 0 Lord, the God of my master Abraham, +if thou wouldst but prosper my way on which +I am going. + +43 Behold, I stand by the well of water; +and it shall be the young woman'' who cometh +forth to draw water, and I say to her. Give +me, I pray thee, a little water out of thy +pitcher to drink; + +44 And she say to me. Both drink thou, +and also for thy camels will I draw : this shall +be the wife whom the Lord hath destined for +my master's son. + +45 And before I hadyetfinished speaking to +my own heart, behold, Rebekah came forth +with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she +went down unto the well, and drew water; +and I said unto her. Let me drink, I pray +thee. + +46 And she made baste, and let down her +pitcher from her shoulder, and said, Drink, +and also to thy camels I will give drink ; and +I drank, and she made the camels drink +also. + +47 And I asked her, and said, Who.se +daughter art thou? And she said. The +daughter of Bethuel, Nachor's son, whom +Milcah bore unto him : and I put the ear- +ring upon her face,*" and the bracelets upon +her hands. + +48 And I bowed down my head, and pros- +trated myself before the Lt)RD; and I blessed +the Lord, the God of my master Abraham, +who had led me in the right way to take +the daughter of my master's brother for his +son. + +49 And now if ye will deal kindly and +truly with my master, tell me : and if not, +tell me, that I may turn to the right, or to +the left. + +50 Then Laban and Bethuel answered and +said. The thing hath proceeded from the + + +whereas Elcazer employs the term noS;' ' Almah, perhaps +then used to express a person of quality, equal to the +modern phrase, "young lady." The change of the terms +is readily accounted for by the occurrence itself. + +■^ "The nose-ring on her nose." — Mendelssohn, who +translates Dt: with "nose-ring." This is undoubtedly cor- +rect here, though in other passages it stands for ear-ring; +for instance, Exod. xxxii. 2. + + +GENESIS XXIV. XXV. CHAYE SARAH. + + +Lord; we cannot speak* unto thee bad or +good. + +51 Behold, Rebekah is before thee, take +her, and go, and let her be the wife of thy +master's son, as the Lord hath spoken. + +52 And it fame to pass, when Abraham's +servant lieai'd their words, that he prostrated ; +himself to the earth nnto the Lord.* + +53 And the servant brought forth vessels +of silver, and vessels of gold, and garments, +and gave them to Rebekah; and precious +things he gave to her brother and to her +mother. + +54 And they did eat and drink, he and the +men that were with him, and tarried the +night; and they rose up in the morning, and +he said, Send me away unto my master. + +55 And her brother and her mother said. +Let the maiden abide with us, a year or ten I +months; after that she shall go. + +56 And he said unto them, Hinder me not, +seeing the Lord hath prospered my way ; send +me away that I may go to my master. + +57 And they said. We will call the maiden, +and inquire her own decision.'' + +58 And they called Rebekah, and said +unto her. Wilt tliou go with this man ? And +she said, I will go. + +59 And thereupon they sent away Rebekah +their sister, and her nurse, and Abraham's +servant, and his men. + +60 And they blessed Rebekah, and said +unto her. Our sister, be thou" the mother of +thousands of myriads, and let thy seed pos- +sess the gate of those who hate them. + +61 And Rebekah arose with her maidens, +and they rode upon the camels, and followed +the man ; and the servant took Rebekah, and +went his way. + +62 And Isaac came from a walk to the +well Lachai-ro'i ; for he dwelt in the south +counti'v; + +6o And Isaac was gone out to meditate in +the field toward evening; and he lifted up +his eyes, and saw, and, behold, camels were +coming. + +64 And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and +she saw Isaac ; and she alighted off the camel. + +65 And she said unto the servant. Who is + + +' That is, "dissuade thee by good or bad words." +' Literally, "her mouth," figurative for what is spoken. +' b TT7} the eonstruction here employed always denotes +a trausitiou or change, almost synonymous with the Eng- + + +yonder man that walketh in the field toward +us? And the servant said. This is my mas- +ter; therefore she took a vail, and covered +herself. + +66 And the servant told Isaac all the +things that he had done. + +67 And Isaac brought her into the tent of +Sarah his mother, and took Rebekah, and she +became his wife, and he loved her; and Isaac +was comforted after his mother's death.* + +CHAPTER XXV. + +1 Then Abraham took again a wife, and +her name was Keturah. + +2 And she bore him Zimran, and Yokshan, +and Medan, and Midian, and Yishbak, and +Shuach. + +3 And Yokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. +And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and +Letushim, and Leiimmim. + +4 And the sons of Midian : Ephah, and +Epher, and Chanoch, and Abida', and El- +daah. All these were the children of Ke- +turah. + +5 And Abraham gave all that he had unto +Isaac. + +6 But unto the sons of the concubines that +Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts; and he +sent them away from Isaac his son, while +he was yet living, eastward, unto the east +country. + +7 And these are the days of the j'ears of +Abraham's life which he lived, one hundred +seventy and five years. + +8 Then Abraham departed this life, and +died in a good old age, an old man, and full +of years, and was gathered to his people. + +9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried +him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of +Ephron the son of Zochar the Hittite, which +is before Mamre; + +10 The field which Abraham purchased of +the sons of Heth : there was Abraham buried, +with Sarah his wife. + +11 And it came to pass after the death of +Abraham, that God blessed Isaac his son; +and Isaac dwelt by the well Lachai-ro'i.* + +12 T[ Now these are the generations of +Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the + +lish "to become;" thus then, "become thou thousands +of myriads," the words "mother of" being understood +and added to supply the hiatus in the sentence. + +2a + + +GENESIS XXV. TOLEDOTH. + + +Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bore unto Abra- +ham. + +13 And these are the names of the sons of +Ishmael, by their names, according to their +generations : the first-born of Ishmael, Ne- +bayoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mib- +sam, + +14 And Mishma, and Damah, and Massa, + +15 Cliadad, and Tenia, Yetur, Naphish, +and Kedemah.* + +16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and +these are their names, by their towns, and by +their castles; twelves princes according to +their nations. + +17 And these are the years of the life of +Ishmael, one hundred and thirty and seven +years : and he departed this life and died ; +and was gathered unto his people. + +18 And they dwelt from Chavilah unto +Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest to- +ward Assyria :" he dwelt in the presence of +all his brethren. + +Haphtorah in 1 Kings i. 1 to 31. + + +SECTION VI. TOLEDOTH, mSin. + +19 ][ And these are the generations of Isaac, +the son of Abraham : Abraham begat Isaac. + +20 And Isaac was forty years old when he +took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the +Syrian, of Padan-aram, the sister to Laban +the Syrian, to himself as wife. + +21 And Isaac entreated the Lord in behalf +of his wife, because she was barren : and the +Lord was entreated of him, and Rebekah his +wife conceived. + +22 And the children struggled together +within her ; and she said, If it be so, why did +I desire this ?*" And she went to inquire of +the Lord. + + +* Meaning, that Ishmael in his descendants settled him- +self along the whole extent of country occupied by all his +other brethren descended from Abraham. (See above, +ch. xvi. 12.) Arnheim gives, "he settled eastward of +all his brothers," which idea, however, is combatted as in- +correct by others, because Ishmaol's descendants lived not +eastward of all other sons of Abraham. + +^ Raslii, "Why did I desire and pray for conception?" +Abcn Ezra, "Why am I different from others?" Others +again explain it as an ellipsis: "If I suffer so, why am I +thus (in the world) ?" meaning that death would be pre- +ferable. + +° Philippson and Arnheim render DN^ with " tribe," +80 + + +23 And the Lord said unto her. Two na- +tions are in thy womb, and two manner of +people" shall be separated from thy bowels; +and one people shall be stronger than the +other people ; and the elder shall serve the +younger + +24 And when her days to be delivered +were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her +womb. + +25 And the first came out red, all over like +a hairy garment ; and they called his name +Esau." + +26 And after that came his brother out, +his hand holding on to Esau's heel; and his +name was called Jacob :" and Isaac was sixty +years old when she bore them. + +27 And the boys grew up : and Esau was +an expert huntei", a man of the field; and +Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents.^ + +28 And Isaac loved Esau, because he +did eat of his venison ; but Rebekah loved +Jacob. + +29 And Jacob at one time boiled pottage, +and Esau came from the field, and he was +faint. + +30 And Esau said to Jacob, Let me swal- +low down, I pray thee, some of that yonder +red pottage, for I am faint; therefore was his +name called Edom.^ + +31 And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy +right of first-born. + +32 And Esau said. Behold, I am going to +die ;'' and what profit then can the right of +first born be to me ? + +33 And Jacob said, Swear to me this day; +and he swore unto him : and he sold his right +of first-born unto Jacob. + +34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pot- +tage of lentiles, and he did eat and drink, and +he rose up, and went his way; thus Esau de- +spised the birthright. + + +or "branch of a nation:" the same version is given by +them in other passages. + +^ Properly, ' Emhv ; probably from nty;', participle 'IB';' +'aJixiij/, "ready," "made." Philippson derives it from an +Arabic word, .signifying "hairy." + +" Properly, "Ya'arob, from 'Akeb, 3p;?, "the heel." + +' That is, "loving home." + +s From Adorn, "red." + +'■ Probably meaning, that his life as hunter exposed +him daily to such dangers that he was almost sure to die +before his father, wherefore the birthright as the eldest of +the family would in all probability be of no use to him ; +wherefore he parted with it so lightly. + + +GENESIS XXVI. TOLEDOTH. + + +CHAPTER XXVI. + +1 ^[ And there was a famine in the land, be- +.■;ide the iirst famine that was in the days of +Abraham ; and Isaac went unto Abimelech, +the king of the PhiHstines, unto Gerar. + +2 And the Lord appeared unto hitn, and +said, Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the +land which I shall tell thee of + +3 Sojourn in this land, and I will be with +thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and +unto thy seed, will I give all the.se countries, +and I will perform the oath which I swore +unto Abraham thy fether; + +4 And I will cause thy seed to multiply as +the stars of heaven, and I Avill give unto thy +seed all these countries ; and in thy seed shall +all the nations of the earth bless themselves ; + +5 Becau.se that Abraham obe3'ed my voice, +and kept my charge,'' my commandments, my +statutes, and my laAvs.* + +6 And Isaac dwelt in Gerar. + +7 And the men of the place asked (him) +concerning his wife ; and he said, She is my +sister ; for he feared to say. She is my wife ; +lest, (said he,) the men of the place should +kill me for Rebekah, because she is of a hand- +some appearance. + +8 And it came to pass, when he had been +there a long time, that Abimelech, the king +of the Philistines, looked out at a window, +and saw, and behold, Isaac was sjwrting with +Rebekah his wife. + +9 And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, +Behold, of a surety she is thy wife : and how +saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said +unto him. Because I thought,'' Perhaps I may +die for her. + +10 And Abimelech said. What is this thou +hast done unto us ? How easily might one +of the people have lain with thy wife, and +thou wouldst have brought guiltiness upon us. + +11 And Abimelech cliarged all his people, +saying. He that toucheth this man or his +wife shall surely be put to death. + +12 Then Isaac sowed in that land, and re- + + +* " My chatye, the belief in God, for he believed in the +Unity, and kept this faith in his heart, contending with +idolaters, and publicly proclaiming the truth, to bring +many to God's service; my curamanihnciits, in whatever +he was ordered, as to go out from his land, &c. ; my sta- +tutes, to walk in the way of the Lord in the exercise of +mercy; and laws, such as circumcision and the Noachitic +irecepts." — After Ramban. + + +ceived in the same year a hundred-fold :'" so +the Lord blessed him.* + +13 And the man became great, and went +forward and grew, until he became very +great ; + +14 And he had possession of flocks, and +possession of herds, and great store of ser- +vants; and the Philistines envied him. + +15 And all the wells which his father's +servants had dug in the da3's of Abraham +his father, these the Philistines stopped, and +filled them with earth. + +16 And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go +away from us ; for thou hast become much +mightier than we. + +17 And Isaac departed thence, and pitched +his tent in the valley of Gerar, and dwelt +there. + +18 And Isaac dug again the wells of +water, which they had dug in the days of +Abraham his father, and wliich the Philistines +had stopped after the death of Abraham ; and +he called their names after the names by +which his father had called them. + +19 And the servants of Isaac dug in the +valley, and found there a well of springing +water. + +20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive +with Isaac's herdmen, saying. The water is +ours : and he called the name of the well +Essek; because they strove** with him. + +21 And they dug another well, and they +strove for that also : and he called the name +of it Sitnah." + +22 And he removed from there, and dug +another well ; and for that they strove not : +and he called the name of it Rechoboth, and +he said. For now the Lord hath made^ room +for us, and we shall increase in the land.* + +23 And he went up from there to Beer- +sheba. + +24 And the Lord appeared unto him the +same night, and said, I am the God of Abra- +ham thy father ; fear not, for I am with thee, +and I will bless thee, and multiply' thy seed +for the sake of Abraham my servant. + +" inx " to say," in Hebrew, very often refers to +thought, or speaking to oneself; so here, " I said to myself, ' +or " thought." + +" " The estimated increase a hundred-fold." — Kasiu. + +* From ptyi'nn hith 'assck, " to contend." + +' From ]a^ salonr, "to hinder." + +' Hirchih, " he hath made room." + +31 + + +GENESIS XXVI. XXVII. TOLEDOTH. + + +25 And he built there an altar, and called +upon the name of the Lord, and pitched there +his tent : and the servants of Isaac dug there +a well. + +26 Then Abimelech went to him from Ge- +rar, and Achuzzath his friend, and Phichol the +chief captain of liis army. + +27 And Isaac said unto them. Wherefore +come ye to me, seeing that ye do hate me, +and have sent me away from you? + +28 And they said, We saw clearly that +the Lord was with thee; and we said, Let +there be now an oath between us, between us +and thee ; and we will make a covenant witli +thee ; + +29 That thou shalt do us no hurt, as we +have not touched thee, and as we have done +unto thee nothing but good, and have sent +thee away in pe;ice : thou art now one blessed +of the Lord.* + +30 And he made them a feast, and they +ate and drank. + +31 And they rose up betimes in the morn- +ing, and they swore one to the other; and +Isaac sent them away, and they departed from +him in peace. + +32 And it came to pass the same day, that +Isaac's servants came, and told him concern- +ing the well" which they had dug, and they +said unto him, We have found water. + +33 And he called it Shibah : therefore is +the name of the city Beer-sheba unto this day. + +34 ][ And when Esau was forty years old +he. took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri, +the Hittite, and Bahsemath the daughter of +Elon the Hittite. + +35 And they were a giief of mind unto +Isaac and to Eebekah. + +CHAPTER XXVII. + +1 ^ And it came to i)ass, wdien Isaac was +old, and his eyes were too dim to see, that he +called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him. +My son : and he said unto him, Behold, here +am I. + +2 And he said. Behold now, T am grown +old, I know not the day of my death : + +* Perhaps the same well originally dug by Abraham's, +and which having been lest sight of, and filled up, was +now reopened by Isaac's servants. + +^ Onkelds and llaslii render this ySn with " sword," +that " wiiieh hangs by the side." + +" "Tt was liis desin? to ble.ss him, that he might obtain +the blessing of Abraham, to inherit the land, and to be +32 + + +3 Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy +weapons, thy quiver'' and thy bow, and go out +to the field, and hunt for me some venison ; + +4 And make me savoury food, such as I +love, and bring it to me, that I may eat ; that +my soul may bless thee before I die." + +5 And Eebekah heard as Isaac was speak- +ing to Esau his son. And Esau went to the +field to hunt for venison, and to bring it. + +6 And Eebekah spoke unto Jacob her son, +sajdng. Behold, I heard thy father speak unto +Esau thy brother, saying, + +7 Bring me venison, and make me savoury +food, that I may eat, and bless thee befoi'e the +Lord before my death. + +8 And now, my son, obey my voice in that +which I command thee. + +9 Go, I pray thee, to the flock, and fetch +me from there two good kids; and I will +make them savoury food for thy father, such +as he loveth : + +10 And thou shalt bring it to thy father, +that he may eat; for the sake that he may +bless thee before his death. + +11 And Jacob said to Eebekah his mother. +Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and +I am a smooth man : + +12 Peradventure my father will feel me, +and I shall then seem to him as a deceiver ; +and I would bring upon me a curse, and not a +blessing. + +13 And his mother said unto him. Upon +me be thy curse, my son; only obey my +voice, and go fetch them to me. + +14 And he w'ent, and fetched, and brought +them to his mother ; and his mother made +savoury food, such as his father loved. + +15 And Eebekah took the goodl}^ garments +of her eldest son Esau, which w^ere with her +in the house, and clothed therewith Jacob +her younger son ; + +16 And the skins of the kids she put upon +his hands, and upon the smooth j^art of his +neck ; + +17 And she gave the savoury food and +the bread, which she had prepared, into the +hand of Jacob her son. + +the one in covenant with God, because he was the first- +born; and it is probable that Rebekah had never revealed +to him the prophecy given to her before the birth of the +children, or else Isaac would certainly not have wished to +give a blessing against the will of God, whieh could thus +be of no avail. We must, however, look upon the whole +as providential." — Ka.mb.vn. + + +THii low liK OK H^UE:U A?eut. xxv. .'i, (i. + +'' Rashi ; "at tlie entrance to tlie double-spring," Aben +48 + + +15 And Judah saw her, and thought her +to be a harlot; because she had covered her +face. + +16 And he turned unto her by the way, +and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in +unto thee ; (for he knew not that she was his +daughter-in-law.) And she said. What wilt +thou give me, that thou mayest come in untti +me? + +17 And he said, I will send thee a kid +from the flock. And she said, If thou wilt +give me a pledge, till thou send it. + +18 And he said. What is the pledge which +I shall give thee ? And she said, Thy signet, +and thy scarf,*" and thy staff that is in thy +hand. And he gave them to her, and came +in unto her, and she conceived by him. + +19 And she arose, and went away, and laid +by her vail from her, and put on the garments +of her widowhood. + +20 And Judah sent the kid by the hand of +his friend the Adullamite, to take the pledge +out of the woman's hand ; but he found her +not. + +21 Then he asked the men of her place, +saying, Where is the harlot, that was at the +cross-road on the highway ? And they said, +There hath been no harlot in this neighbour- +hood. + +22 And he returned to Judah, and said, I +cannot find her; and also the men of the +place have said. There hath been no harlot +in this place. + +23 And Judah said. Let her keep it, lest +we be put to shame ; behold, I sent this kid, +and thou hast not found her. + +24 And it came to pass about three months +after, that it was told to Judah, saying, Ta- +mar thy daughter-in-law hath played the har- +lot; and also, behold, she is with child by +prostitution. And Judah said. Lead her forth, +and let her be burnt. + +25 When she was led forth, she sent to her +father-in-hiAV, saying. By the man, whose +these are, am I with child : and she said. Ac- +knowledge, I pray thee, to whom belong +these, the signet, the scarf, and stafi". + +26 And Judah acknowledged them, and +said. She hath been more righteous than I ; + +Ezra; "at the gate of 'Enayim," according to others, +thinking it identical with the 'Enaui of Joshua sv. 34; +others again, "in the open place" or "open road." + +' Kashi and Onkelos; others, simply " thy string," t". e. +)iy which the seal was hung round the neck. + + +GENESIS XXXVIII. XXXIX. VAYESIIEB. + + +because that I gave her not to Shelali m}- +sou. And he knew her not again any more. + +27 And it came to pass at the time of her +travail, that, belaold, twins were in her +womb. + +28 And it came to pass, when she tra- +vailed, that the one put out his hand : and +the midwife took and Ijound upon his hand a +scarlet thread, saying, This came out first. + +29 And it came to pass, as he drew back +his hand, that, behold his brother came out; +and she said. How hast thou broken forth? +this breach is upon thee : therefore his name +was called Perez." + +30 And afterward came out his brother, +that had the scarlet thread upon his hand : +and his name was called Zerach.'* + +CHAPTER XXXIX. + +1 ][ And Joseph was brought down to +Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, +the captain of the guards, an Egyptian, bought +him of the hands of the Ishmaelites, who had +brought him down thither. + +2 And the Lord was with Joseph, and he +was a prosperous man; and he was thus m +the house of his master the Egyptian. + +3 And when his master saw that the Lord +was ^vith him, and that the Lord caused all +that he did to prosper in his hand : + +4 Joseph found grace in his eyes, and he +served him; and he made him overseer over +his house, and all that he had he put into his +hand. + +5 And it came to pass from the time he +had made him overseer in his house, and over +all that he had, that the Lord blessed the +Egyptian's house for the sake of Joseph; and +the blessing of the Lord was upon all that he +had, in the house and in the field. + +6 And he left all that he had in Joseph's +hand; and he troubled himself not" about +aught he had, save the bread which he did +eat. And Joseph was handsome in form and +handsome in appearance.* + +7 And it came to pass after these things, + +'From -pi) parotz, "to break forth," "to make a +break." + +'' From rriT zaroach " to shine," applied to the sub, +" to rise." + +' Heb. " Knew not." + +'' This assertion of Joseph clearly proves with Scriptui-c +evidence, that the sons of Noah were prohibited the com- +mission of incest. When therefore the Canaanites became + +Q + + +that his master's wife cast her eyes upon +Joseph; and she said, Lie with me. + +8 But he refused, and said unto his mas- +ter's Avife, Behold, my master troubleth him- +self not about what is with me in the house, +and he hath committed all that he hath into +my hand; + +9 There is none greater in this house than +I ; neither hath he kept back any thing from +me but thee, because thou art his wife : how +then can I do this great evil, and sin against +God?" + +10 And it came to pass, as she spoke to +Joseph day by day, and he hearkened not +unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her; + +11 That it came to pass one particular +day, that he went into the house to do his +business; and there was none of the men of +the house there within. + +12 And she caught him by his garment, +saying, Lie with me; and he left his garment in +her hand, and fled, and ran out into the street. + +13 And it came to pass, when she saw that +he had left his garment in her hand, and was +fled forth, + +11 That she called unto the men of her +house, and spoke unto them, saying, See, he +hath brought in unto us a Hebrew man to +have his sporfwith us ; he came in unto me +to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice : + +15 And it came to pass, when he heard +that I lifted uj) my voice and cried, that he +loft his garment with me, and fled, and ran +out into the street. + +16 And she laid up his garment by her +until his lord came home. + +17 And she spoke unto him according to +these words, saying. The HebreA\' servant +whom thou hast brought unto us, came in +unto me to have his sport with me. + +18 And it came to pass, as I lifted up my +voice and cried, that he left his. garment with +me, and fled forth. + +19 And it came to pass, when his master +heard the words of his wife, which she spoke +unto him, saying. After this manner hath + +corrupt, and lived in a manner so contrary to the laws of +the Bible in this respect, they wore justly doomed to ex- +pulsion froi;i the land which they had defiled. This view +of the subject will also explain the passage in Leviticus +six. 27, 28, + +' pns "to laugh," then "to mock," and finally "to do +acts of mischief and wantonness." + + +i'J + + +GENESIS XXXIX. XL. VAYESIIEB. + + +thy servant done to mej that his wrath was +kindled. + +20 And Joseph's master took him, and put +him into the prison," tlie place where the +king's prisoners were imprisoned : and he was +there in the pi'ison. + +21 But the Lord was with Joseph, and +caused him to find kindness, and gave him +favour in the eyes of the superintendent of +the prison. + +22 And the superintendent of the prison +committed into Joseph's hand all tlie prisoners +that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they +did there, was done through him.'' + +23 The superintendent of the prison looked +not after the least that was under his hand, +because the Lord Avas with him; and that +which he did, the Lord made to prosper.'^' + +CHAPTER XL. + +1 ]] And it came to pass after these things, +that the butler of the king of Egypt and the +baker committed an ofience, against their +lord the king of Egypt. + +2 And Pharaoh was wroth against his two +officers, against the chief of the butlers, and +against the chief of the bakers. + +-3 And he put them in ward in the house +of the captain of the guards, into the prison, +the place whei'e Joseph was confined." + +4 And the captain of the guards charged +Joseph with them, and he served them; and +they continued a season'' in ward. + +5 And they dreamed a dream,both of them, +each his dream in one night, each in accord- +ance with the interpretation of his dream, the +butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, +who were confined in the prison. + +6 And Joseph came in unto them in the +morning, and looked at them, and, behold, +they were sad. + +7 And he asked the officers of Pharaoh +that were with him in ward in his lord's +house, saying. Wherefore look ye so sadly +to-day? + +8 And they said unto him, We have dream- +ed a dream, and there is none to interpret it. + +' Lit. "prison-house." + +*• Hnb. "lie was the doer thereof." + +'From 1DN, "to bind, to imprison," not ncccssrink (if tlie +river ; + +18 And, behold, there came up out of the +river seven cows, fat in flesh and good in +shape; and they fed in the meadow; + +19 And, behold, seven other cows came up +after them, poor and very ill-shaped and lean +in flesh ; I never saw any like these in all the +land of Egypt for ugliness ; + +20 And the lean and the ill-favoured cows +did eat up the first se\en fat cows ; + +21 And when they had eaten them u]),'' it +could not be known that they had eaten +them; but their appearance was still as bad +as at the beginning. And I awoke. + +22 And I saw in my dream, and, l)ehold, + + +seven ears came +good; + + +up + + +on one stalk, full and + + +23 And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, + + +° " Only on awaking he recognised that he had dreamed, +so like reality was his dream." — Arnheim. + +^ " The wisdom is not mine, but God will put an an- +swer in my mouth for the welfiire of Pharaoh." — R-\sHI. + +° Heb. "Came into their inward part." + + +GENESIS XLI. MICKETZ. + + +blasted with the east wind, sprung up after +them ; + +24 And the thin ears devoured tlie seven +good ears: and I told this unto the magi- +cians; but there was none that could tell it +to me. + +25 And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The +dream of Pharaoh is one, that which God is +about to do, lie hath told to Pharaoh. + +26 The seven good cows arc seven years; +and the seven good ears are seven years; the +dream is one. + +27 And the seven thin and ill-favoured +cows that came up after them are seven +years; and the seven empty ears, blasted +with the east wind, shall he seven years of +famine. + +28 This is the thing which I have spoken +unto Pharaoh : What God is about to do he +hath sho^vu mi to Pliaraoh. + +29 Behold, there are coming seven years of +great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt : + +30 And there shall arise seven years of +famine after them, when all the plenty shall +be forgotten in the land of Eg}pt; and the +famine shall consunie the land; + +31 And the plenty shall not be known in +the land by reason of that famine following +it; for it shall be very grievous. + +32 And as it respecteth that the dream was +doubled unto Pharaoh twice, it is because the +thing is firmly resolved on by God, and God +hasteneth to bring it to pass. + +33 Now therefore let Pharaoh* look out a +man discreet and wise, and set him over the +land of Egypt. + +34 Let Pharaoh do this, and let him ap- +point officers over the land, and take up the +fifth part (of the produce) of the land of +Egypt in the seven years of plenty. + +35 And let them gather u\) all the food of +those good years that are coming, and lay u]) + + +""This is not an advice; for who authorized him to +act as couns(dlor to the king? but it behmgs likewise to +the interpretation; therefore had God at that time also +shown him the seven years of famine, which would not +happen till after the expiration of the seven years of +plenty, in order to induce Pharaoh to look out an intelli- +gent man to heap up corn for the suppoit of the people; +ifbr if God iiad not now made him acquainted with the +famine, he would not have been induced to heap up corn, +and all would then have died in the fami)ic." — DuBNO. + +" Arnhcim leaves the Hebrew l^^x untranslated ; Ou- +kelos renders it, "This is the fatiier of the king;" but + + +corn under the hand of Pharaoh, as food in +the cities, and keep the same. + +36 And that food shall be for a store to +the land against the seven years of famine, +which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the +land be not cut ofi' through the ihmine. + +37 And the thing was good in the eyes of +Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants. + +38 And Pharaoh said unto his servants, +Can we find such a one as this, a man in +whom the spirit of God is ?'^' + +39 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Inas- +much as God hath caused thee to know all +this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou : + +40 Thou shalt be over my house, and ac- +cording to thy word shall all my people be +ruled; oidy in regard to the throne will 1 l)e +greater than thou. + +41 And Pharaoh said inito Joseph, See, 1 +have set thee over all the land of Egypt. + +42 And Pharaoh took ofl" his ring from his +hand, and put it upon Joseph's hand, and +arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put +a golden chain about his neck ; + +43 And he caused him to ride in the second +chariot which he had ; and they cried Ijefore +him. Bend the knee:'' and he placed him +(thus) over all the land of Egypt. + +44 And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I ;im +Pharaoh; but without thee shall no man lilt +up his hand or his foot in all the land of +Egypt. + +45 And Pharaoh called Joseph's name +Zaphenath-pa'neiich ;" and he gave him Asse- +nath the daughter of Poti-phera', the priest' +of On, lor wife. And Joseph went out OAcr +all the land of Egypt. + +46 And Josejiii was tliirty years old when +he stood before Pliaraoh the king of Egypt; +and Joseph went out from the presence of +Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land +of Egypt. + + +Mendelssohn, after other commentators, derives the word +from nij "the knee," and assumes it to be in the impe- +rative of the Iliphil, with the n instead of n, which would +give us the words "bend the knee." + +" "Revealer of secret things," Ramb.an : according to +others, however, the words are pure Egyptian, and mean +"Saviour of the world," or "of the century." + +■* "Lord of On," Onkelos. This place was afterwards + +called by the Greeks " IleJiopolis," the "city of the sun;" + +by the llebrew.s, " Belli Siicmesh, " the house eif the sun." + +Oil is said to bo an I'lgyptian word, signifying "light," + +i; or ''sun." + + +GENESIS XLI. XLII. MICKETZ. + + +47 And the earth brought forth iii the +seven years of plenty Ijy handfuls."' + +48 And he gatliered up all the food of the +seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, +and laid up the food in the cities : the food of +the field of the city, whicli was round about +it, laid he up in the same. + +49 i\jid Joseph heaped up corn as the sand +of the sea, very much ; until he left off num- +Ijering, for it was witliout number. + +50 And unto Joseph were born two sons +before the years of famine came, whom Asse- +nath the daughter of Poti-phera' the priest +of On, bore unto him. + +51 And Joseph called the name of the +first>born Meuasseh :'' For God (said he) hath +made me forget all my toil, and all my +father's house. + +52 And the name of the second he called +Ephraim;" For God (said he) hath caused me +to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.'" + +53 And the seven years of plenty, that +was in the land of Egy[5t, were ended. + +54 x\nd the seven years of famine began +to come, just as Joseph had said; and there +was famine in all the countries, but in all the +land of Egypt there was bread. + +55 And when all the land of Egypt also felt +hunger, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread : +and Pharaoh vsaid unto all the Egy-ptians, Go +unto Joseph ; what he saith to you. do. + +56 And the famine was over all the face +of tlie earth : and Joseph opened all the store- +houses,'' whei'ein corn was, and sold unto the +Egyptians ; for the famine grew strong in the +land of Egypt. + +57 And all the countries^ came into Egypt +to buy corn of Joseph; because the famine +was sore in all the countries. + +CHAPTER XLII. + +1 And when Jacoli saw that there was +corn in Egy|)t, Jacob said unto his sons. Why +do ye look at one another ? + + +" That is, each grain of corn produced a handful of its +kind. + +' MfiiaaJieJt, from nashoh, "to forgot." +° Ephrai/im, horn paroh, "to be fruitful." +■* Hcb. "All in which was;" the ellipses are supplied, +according to Onkelos, first with "storehouses," and +secondly, with "corn." + +' This term, which is also used in the preceding verse, +and there rendered "all the earth," evidently is an hyper- +bolical expression, and alludes to the parts of the earth + + +2 And he said, Behold, I have heard that +there is corn in Egy|)t; get you down thither, +and buy lor us provision from there, that we +may live, and not die. + +'6 And ten Ijrothers of Joseph went down +to )juy corn in Eg^'pt. + +4 But Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob +sent not with his brothers ; for he said. Lest +mischief befall him. + +5 And the sons of Israel came to buy corn +among those that came; for the famine was +in the land of Canaan. + +G And Joseph — he was the governor over +the land, it was he that sold corn to all the +people of the land ; and Joseph's brothers +came, and bowed themselves down before him +with the face to the earth. + +7 And Joseph saw his brothers, and he re- +cognised them ; but made himself strange unto +them, and spoke roughly unto them; and he +said unto them. Whence come ye? And they +said. From the land of Canaan to buy food. + +8 And Joseph recognised his brothers, but +they recognised not him. + +9 And Joseph remembered the dreams +which he had dreamed concerning them, and +he said unto them. Ye are spies; to see the +nakedness of the land are ye come. + +10 And they said unto him. No, my lord, +thy servants are only come to l)uy food. + +11 We all are sons of one man; we are +true men ; thy servants have never been +spies. + +12 And he said unto them, No! but to see +the nakedness of tlie land are ye come. + +13 And they said. We, thy servants, are +twelve brothers, sons of one man in the land +of Canaan ; and, behold, the youngest is this +day with our father, and one is no more. + +14 And Joseph said unto them, It is' as I +have spoken unto you, sa^-iug, Ye are spies ; + +15 Hereby shall ye he proved : By the life +of Pharaoh, ye shall not go forth hence, except +vour voungest brother come hither. + + +contiguous to and having commercial intercourse with +Egypt, such as Phcenicia, Palestine, and Arabia. Men- +delssohn renders "all the people from the country around;" +but Onkelos translates here ]nsn Sdi with n^'IN "T'T Sjl +" all inhabitants of the earth :" still the sense is the same. +' Joseph meant that the contradiction of which tliey +were guilty, ]>roved the truth of his suspicion. First they +were ten brothers, and immediately afterward twelve, and +thus he pretended that he could place no confidence in +their assertions. + +68 + + +GENESIS XLIi. MICKETZ. + + +16 Send oue of jou, and let him letch jour +brother, and ye shall be kept in jirison, that +your words may be proved, whether the truth +be with you; and if not, by the life of Pha^ +raoh, ye are surely spies. + +17 And he put them together into ward +three days. + +18 And Joseph said unto them on the third +day, This do, and live; I fear God.* + +19 If ye be true men, let one of your bro- +thers remain imprisoned in the house of your +confinement; but ye, go, carry home what +you have bought for the want of your house- +hold. + +20 But your youngest brother bring unto +me; so shall your words be verified, and ye +shall not die. And they did so. + +21 And they said one to another. Truly +we are guilty" concerning our brother, in that +we saw the anguish of his soul, when he be- +sought us, and we would not hear; therefore +is this distress come upon us. + +22 And Reiibeu answered them, saying, +Did I not say unto you, thus, Do not sin +against the child; and ye would not hear? +and behold, his blood also is now required. + +23 And they knew not that Joseph under- +stood them; for he spoke unto them by an +interpreter. + +24 And he turned himself away from them, +and wept; and returned to them again, and +spoke with them, and took from them Simeon, +and bound him before their eyes. + +25 And Joseph commanded to fill their +sacks with corn, and to restore every man's +money into his sack, and to give them pro- +vision for the way; and he'' did unto them +thus. + +26 And they loaded their asses with their +corn, and departed thence. + +27 And one of them opened his sack to +give his ass provender in the inn : when he +espied his money, for, behold, it was in the +mouth of his sack. + +28 And he said unto his brothers, My + + +" " Truly we suffer punishment for nur brother's sake, +whose anguish nf soul we saw," &c. — Arniieim. + +'' Probably alluding to the superintendent who is men- +tioned hereaft(ir. + +° They no doubt suspected that the restoration of the +money was not accidental ; hence they thought that it +was a new infliction of punishment for their sins. + +^ Lit. " Over me have all these events been ;" meaning, I +54 + + +money hath been restored ; and, lo, it is even +in my sack : and their heart failed them, and +they Avei'e afraid," saying one to another, What +is this that God hath done unto us ? + +29 And they came unto Jacob their father +unto the land of Canaan, and they told him +all that had befallen them ; saying, + +30 The man, the lord of the land, spoke +roughly to us, and took us as though we were +espying the country. + +31 And we said unto him, We are true +men ; we have never been spies : + +32 We are twelve brothers, sons of our +father; the one is no more, and the youngest +is this day with our father in the land of +Canaan. + +33 And the man, the lord of the country, +said unto us. Hereby shall I know that ye +are true men : leave one of your brothers here +with me, and (the food for) the want of your +households take ye and be gone; + +34 And bring your youngest brother unto +me; then shall I know that ye are no spies, +but that ye are true men ; your brother I will +give up to you, and in the land ye shall be +allowed to traffic. + +35 And it came to pass as they were +emptying their sacks, that, behold, every +man's bundle of money was in his sack : and +when they saw the bundles of their money, +they and their father, they were afraid. + +36 And Jacob their father said unto +them. Me ye have bereaved of my children : +Joseph is gone, and Simeon is gone, and +Benjamin ye will take away; all these things +are against me.'' + +37 And Reuben said unto his father, thus, +Two of my sons shalt thou slay, if I Jjring +him not to thee; deliver him into my hand, +and I will bring him back to thee. + +38 And he said, My son shall not go down +with you ; for his brother is dead, and he alone +is left: and if mischief befall him by the +way in which ye go, then will ye bi'ing down +my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. + + +alone have to suffer from all these events. Jacob perhaps +suspected that his other sons, out of some wicked feeling, +had left Joseph and Simeon to perish, and he thus up- +braids them with their indifference to his sorrows. T/i' and says, "I, +however, am either way bereaved of my children." Be +this as it may, it is an expression of resignation. (Compare +with Esther iv. IG.) + +66 + + +GENESIS XLTII. XLIV. MICKETZ. + + +24 And tlie man bi'ought the men into Jo- +seph's house; and he gave them water, and +they washed their feet, and he gave proven- +der to their asses. + +25 And they made ready the present be- +fore Joseph came home at noon ; for they had +heard that they should eat bread there. + +26 And when Joseph came home, they +brought him the present wliich was in their +hand into the house, and bowed themselves +to him to the earth. + +27 And he asked them after their welfare, +and said, Is you old father well, of whom ye +spoke ? is he yet alive ? + +28 And they answered, Thy servant, our +father, is in good health, he is yet alive. +And they bowed down their heads, and i^ro- +strated themselves. + +29 And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his +brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said, +Is this your youngest brother, of wliom ye +spoke unto me? And he said, God be gra^ +cious unto thee, my son.''" + +30 And Joseph hastened away, for his af- +fection toward his brother became enkindled, +and he sought to weep ; and he entered into +his chamber, and wejDt there. + +31 And he washed his face, and came out, +and refrained himself, and said. Set on the +bread." + +32 And they set on for him by himself, +and for them by themselves; and for the +Egyptians, who did eat with him, by them- +selves; because the Egyptians may not eat +bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomi- +nation unto the Egyptians. + +33 And they sat before him, the first-l)orn +according to his prior birth, and the youngest +according to his youth;'' and the men mar- +velled one at the otlier. + +34 And he sent portions' unto them from +before him; but Benjamin's portion exceeded +the portions of all of them fivefold. And +they drank, and were merry with him. + + +' Tn inndcrn plirase, "Put thn dinner nu tbe table." +'■ Tliore can be no doubt df the correctness of the tradi- +tion that Joseph ordered tlieni to sit down according to +their age. Hence their astonishment. Perhaps, too, he +may have pretended to divine with his silver cup, out of +which he afterward drank. + +" This custom is explained by that yet prevailing in + +Persia, where the various things to be eaten are brought + +in on a large dish at once, and one dish is placed before + +two or three guests. Before a guest of high rank, or one + +5(; + + +CHAPTER XLIV. + +1 And he commanded the supermtendent +of his house, saying. Fill the sacks of these +men with food, as much as they can carry, +and put every man's money in the mouth of +his sack. + +2 And my cup, the silver cup, thou shalt +put in the mouth of the sack of the youngest, +and the money for his corn. And he did ac- +cording to the word of Joseph which he had +spoken. + +3 As soon as the morning was light, the +men were sent away, they and their asses. + +4 They were gone out of the city, not yet +far ofl', when Joseph said unto the superin- +tendent of his house. Up, follow after the +men; and when thou hast overtaken them, +say unto them. Wherefore have ye returned +evil for good ? + +5 Is not this out of which my lord drink- +eth, and whereby indeed he divineth ? ye have +done evil in so doing. + +6 And he overtook them, and he spoke +unto them these same words. + +7 And they said unto him, Wherefore will +my lord speak such words as these ? God +forbid that thy servants should do any thing +like this. + +8 Behold the money, which we found in +the mouth of our sacks, we brought back unto +thee out of the land of Canaan : how then +should we steal out of thy lord's house silver +or gold? + +9 With whomsoever of thy servants it be +found, let him die; and we also will be bond- +men unto my lord. + +10 And he said. Now also let it be accord- +ing to your words :* he with whom it is found +shall Ije my servant; but ye shall be blame- +less. + +11 And they made haste, and every one +of them took down his sack to the ground, +and every one opened his sack. + + +whom the entertainer desires to distinguish, a particular +dish is put, upon which one after the other, up to fifteen, +different kinds of food are placed. — Philippson. + +^ " It is my wish that you prove yourselves as honest +now as on the former occasion," is the explanation of Arn- +heim, after Ab.\rbenel; but Rashi explains, "You are +right, so is the law ; you are all guilty; if a thief is found +with one of ten, they are all culpable ; but I will not act +with you in strict justice, but only make the thief my +bondman." + + +GENESIS XLIV. XLV. VAYIGGASH. + + +12 And he searclicd, at the eldest he be- +gan, and at the youngest he left ofi'; and the +cup was found in Benjamin's sack. + +13 Then they i*ent their clothes, and every +one loaded his ass, and they returned to the +city.='= + +14 And Judah and his brothers came into +Joseph's house, and he was yet there; and +they foil do-s^ai before him on the ground. + +15 And Joseph said unto them. What deed +is this that ye have done ? knew ye not that +such a man as I can certainly divine ? + +IG And Judah said, What shall we say +unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how +shall we justify ourselves? God hath found +out the iniquity of thy servants : behold we +are servants unto my lord, both Ave, as also +he in whose hand tlie cup was found. + +17 And he said, God forbid that I should +do this : the man in whose hand the cup was +found, he shall be my servant; and as for +you, go you up in peace unto your lather. + +Haphtorah in 1 Kings iii. 15 to iv. 1. + + +SECTION XI. VAYIGGASH, CTI. + +18 ^ Then Judah came near unto him, +and said, Pardon, my lord, let thy servant, I +pray thee, speak a word in my lord's ears, +and let not thy anger bum against thy ser- +vant; for thou art even as Pharaoh. + +19 My lord asked his servants, saying, +Have ye a father, or a brother? + +20 And we said unto my lord. We have an +old father, and a little" child born in his old +age ; and his brother is dead, and he alone is +left of his mother, and his father loveth him. + +21 And thou saidst unto thy servants. +Bring him down unto me, that I may set my +eye upon him. + +22 And we said unto my lord, The lad +cannot leave his father; for if he should leave +his father, he would die. + +23 And thou saidst unto thy servants. Ex- +cept your youngest brother come down with +you, ye shall not see my face any more. + +24 And it came to pass, when we came up +unto thy servant my father, that we told him +the words of my lord. + +' "Little," or "young," in comparison with his other +brothers, all older than he. + +^ " His soul is bound to his soul." — Arnheim. " His +' in ^DBfl simply con- +veys " that David fell asleep, in death, as his fathers had +done;" for he was not buried at Beth-lcchem, their native +place, but at Jerusalem. + +"^ i. c. "Iu gratitude to God." + +61 + + +GENESIS XLVIII. XLIX. VAYECHEE. + + +and Menasseh shall be unto me as Reiiben +and Simeon. + +6 And thy issue, which thou begettest +after them, shall be thine, after the name of +their brothers shall they be called in their in- +heritance. + +7 And as for me, when I came from Padan, +Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan on +the way, when yet there was some distance +to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her +there on the way of Ej)hrath, the same is +Beth-lechem. + +8 And Israel perceived the sons of Joseph, +and said, Who are these? + +9 And Joseph said unto his father. They +are my sons, whom God hath given me in +this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray +thee, unto me, and I will bless them.* + +10 Now the eyes of Israel were dim +through age, he could not see;" and he +brought them near unto him, and he kissed +them, and embraced them. + +11 And Israel said unto Joseph, To see +thy face I had not hoped; and, lo, God hath +shown me also thy seed. + +12 And Joseph brought them out from be- +tween his knees, and he bowed himself with +his face to the earth. + +13 And Joseph took them both, Ephraim +in his right hand toward Israel's left, and Me- +nasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right, +and brought them near unto him. + +14 And Israel stretched out his right hand, +and laid it upon Ejjhraim's head, who was +the younger, and his left hand upon Menas- +seh's head; he laid his hands wittingly; al- +though Menasseh was the first-born. + +15 And he blessed Joseph, and said. The +God, before whom my fathei's Abraham and +Isaac did walk, the God Avho fed'' me from my +first being unto this day, + +IG The angel" who redeemed me from all +evil, bless the lads; and let my name be +called on them, and the name of my fathers + +' This is to say, Israel could perceive dimly the pre- +sence of persons, without being able to sec distinctly. + +'' n;;in, literally, "Who fed me upon pastures," taking +this word from his own pastoral life. + +° Dubno and Sfirno think that the words "may he +send" should be supplied before "the angel;" meaning, +"May God, who hath always protected me, send his mes- +senger to bless the lads." + +^ Lit. "A fulness (if the nations," which may mean, +"whose fame shall lill the books of nations;" so Itashi; +Onkelos, "rulers of nations." +C2 + + +Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into +a multitude in the midst of the earth.* + +17 And when Joseph saw that his father +would la}' his right hand upon the head of +Ephraim, it displeased him : and he took hold +of his father's hand, to remove it from the +head of Ephraim unto the head of Menasseh. + +18 And Joseph said unto his father. Not +so, my father; for this is the first-born, put +thy right hand upon his head. + +19 And his father refused, and said, 1 +know, my son, I know, he also shall become +a j^eople, and he also shall be great; but truly +his younger brother shall be greater than he, +and his seed shall become a multitude'' of +nations. + +20 And he blessed them that day, saying, +With thee shall Israel bless, saying, God +make thee as Ephraim and Menasseh : and so +he set Ephraim before Menasseh. + +21 And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I +die ; but God will be with you, and bring you +again unto the land of your fathers. + +22 Moreover I have given unto thee one +portion above thy brothers, which I took° out +of the hand of the Emorite with my sword +and with my bow.''' + +CHAPTER XLIX. + +1 ][ And Jacob called unto his sons, and +said. Gather yourselves together, that I may +tell you that which shall befall you in the +last days. + +2 Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye +sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your +lather. + +3 Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might, +and the Ijeginning of my strength ; the excel- +lency of dignity, and the excellency of power +(should be thine). + +4 Unstable as water, thou shalt not have +the excellence; because thou wentest up to +thy father's bed; then defiledst thou the one +who ascended' my couch. + +" Philippsou renders, "Which I shall have taken," re- +ferring to the future conrjuest of I'alestine, since prophecy +looks upon future events as already past. + +' Kamban and Arnhcini arc of opinion that the third +person nSi' in the Hebrew text, refers to the speaker, +viz. Jacob. Philippson renders, "then didst thou commit +a viiiliitiou," and agrees with the English version, that +vhy yfli^ is a sort of interjection, detining the cau.se of +his displeasure, "he ascended ray couch;" but the opinion +(if iianiLiaii appears more correct. + + +GENESIS XLIX. VAYECHEE. + + +5 ]f Simeon and Levi are brethren; wea- +pons of violence are their swords.* + +6 Into their secret shall my soul not come ; +unto their assembly my spirit shall not be +united; for in their anger they slew the man, +and in their self-will they lamed the ox. + +7 Cursed be their anger, for it is tierce; +and their Avrath, for it is cruel : I will divide +them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. + +8 ^ Judah, thou art the one thy brothers +shall praise, thy hand shall be on the neck of +thy enemies; thy father's children shall bow +tlown unto thee. + +9 Lilce a lion's whelp, 0 Judah, from the +prey, my son, thou risest: he stoopeth down, +he croucheth as a lion, and as a lioness, who +shall rouse him up? + +10 Tlie sceptre^ shall not depart from Ju- +dah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet; +until Shiloh come, and uuto him shall the +gathering of the people he. + +11 He bindeth unto the vine his foal, and + +" After Kashi. + +" I have left this verse as it is in the Euglish version, +inasmuch as it is according to Onkolos and Rashi, the +firmer of whom renders nob}! "ij; 'niJ3 'JDO NliJDl, "and +the scribe from his sons' sons for ever, until," &c. But +Arnheim gives, "Till he of Shiloh cometh, and the +obedience of the tribes be turned to him," and refers "he +of Shiloh" to Achiyah, the prophet of Shiloh, who fore- +told to Jeroboam that a part of the kingdom should be +taken from Solomon and transferred to him, (1 Kings +xi. 31,) which prediction afterward came to pass, when +Rechoboam refused to redress the grievances of the people ; +and "to him," then alludes to Jeroboam, to whom the +tribes of Israel, here called D'0>',(see Gen. xlviii. •l,)were +to turn from the house of David. Mendelssohn, in giving +a simiewhat different version, refers to the same event. +Others, again, give: "The sceptre shall not depart from +Judah, nor the lawgiver from bis descendants for ever; +because Shiloh shall come, and to him shall be the gather- +ing of the nations." This version is predicated upon the +words o Hi' being separated by a disjunctive accent, and +thus stand for "for ever" and "because;" since the +Yetib is a greater disjunctive than the Pesseek in 2 Sam. +xxiii. 10. Philippson, the latest of our translators, +renders : "The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, the +ruler's staff from between his feet, even then when he +Cometh to Shiloh, and his shall be the obedience of the +nations." In his comment he says, in substance, that to +Judah is promised the rule and prominence in Israel, +which was not to depart even when Joshua, the Ephraimite, +should set up the tabernacle at Shiloh after the conquest +of Palestine; so that 'd i;' does not signify alone "until," +but includes the time beyond the period stated, "even then +when." — It is impossible in this work to go into various +versions and opinions hazarded by commentators; but +this much is certain, that Onkelos, the best translator the +Pentateuch had for a long while, and who is not yet ex- +celled, would not have added no'?;' ly if be had thought + + +to the vine-branch his ass's colt; he washeth +his garments in wine, and in the blood of +grajses his clothes; + +12 His eyes shall be red from wine, and +his teeth wliite from milk. + +13 ^ Zebulun shall dwell at the margin of +the seas; and he shall be at the haven of +ships; and his border shall be near to Zidon. + +14 ^ Issachar is a strong-boned ass, couch- +ing down between the stables. + +15 And when he saw the resting-place that +it was good, and the land that it was pleasant, +he bent his shoulder to bear, and became a +servant unto tribute. ° + +16 ^ Dan shall judge"^ his people, as one +of the tribes of Israel. + +17 Dan shall be a serpent by tlie way, an +adder on the path, that biteth the horse in +the heels, so that his rider falleth backward. + +18 For thy salvation, I ho^je, 0 Lord.* + +19 ^ Gad, troops will baud against him ; +but he shall wound their heel." + + +that it militated against the Jewish ftiith. The assump- +tion that the sceptre was taken at a particular period, +wherefore Shi/oh must have come then, is futile; since +Judah had no rule during the .second temple, and with +the blinding of Zedekiah, in the year of the world 3402, +prior to the common era .^SG years, the kingdom or .sceptre +of David became extinct; wherefore the alleged fulfilment +came five hundred and eighty-six years too late. But +believing Israelites, who confide in prophecy, do not think +the sceptre totally departed from Judah; especially are the +scribes, or those learned in the law, not lost from the as +yet latest descendants of Israel. The sceptre will return +when the Shiloh, the King Messiah, shall come, and to +him shall be both the obedience and assemblage rif peojjle +or nations, as D'0>' T\T\r>' is variously rendered. The plan +of this work prohibits us from enlarging; but the pious +and intelligent reader will have enough to satisfy all +doubts. + +' Doubtlessly Jacob here contrasts Issachar with Zebu- +lun: the latter was to be a merchant tribe, seeking for +gain upon the ocean, going in quest of wealth; the former, +on the contrary, laborious and patient, like the animal to +which he is compared, who lies down at night near the +stables when his work is done, was to prefer his beautiful +land, full of all that can make agriculture profitable. +Arnheim therefore renders the last word.s, "and yieldeth +himself to the service of the labourer." + +■^ Arnheim renders J'T with " avenge." + +"Arnheim; making lU' "shall cut," or "wound," +( Dcut. xiv. - ; ) the verse refers then to the many wars which +the border-tribe of Gad should have to wage successfully +against their faithless heathen neighbours. Onkelos +would require this version: "Those of the house of Gad +shall pass in bands in advance of their brothers (over (ho +Jordan) to the war, and with many goods shall they re- +turn to their land." Jerusalem Targum : "and return in +peace to their dwellings." + + +GENESIS XLIX. L. VAYECHEE. + + +20 Tf Out of Asher cometh fat bread, and +he shall yield royal dainties. + +21 ^ Naphtali is (like) a fleet hind; he +bringeth pleasant words.* + +22 ][ Joseph is a fruitful bough, a fruitful +bough lay a spring ; the branches of which run +over the wall. + +23 And they embittered his life, and they +shot at him, and they hated lum, the men of +the arrows. + +24 But his bow abode in strength, and his +arms and his hands remained firm ; from^ the +hands of the mighty God of Jacob, from there +thou becamest the shepherd, the stone of +Israel. + +25 From the God of thy father, who will +help thee ; and from the Almighty, who will +bless thee, with blessings of heaven above, +with blessings of the deep that coucheth +beneath, with blessings of the breasts, and +of the womb; + +26 With the blessings of thy father that +have excelled the lalessiugs of my progenitors +unto the utmost bound of the everlasting +hills : these shall be on the head of Joseph, +and on the crown of the head of him that was +se^jarated" from his brothers.'^ + +27 Benjamin shall be as a wolf that +rendeth:' in the morning he shall devour +the prey, and at evening he shall divide the +spoil. + +28 All these are the tribes of Israel, twelve +in number; and this is what their father +spoke unto them, and wherewith he blessed +them; every one according to his proper +blessing blessed he them. + +29 And he charged them and said unto +them, I am to be gathered unto my people ; +bury me near my fathers in the cave that is +in the field of Ephron the Hittite, + +30 Li the cave that is in the field of Mach- +pelah, which is before Mamr4, in the land +of Canaan, which field Abraham bought of +Ephron the Ilittite, for a possession as a bury- +ing-place, + +31 (There they buried Abraham and Sarah + + +" " He bringeth pleasant messages." — Philippson. + +'' Mendelssohn understands here, " this came to thee from +I lie liunils," &c. Arnhciin takes pN as synonymous with +"MX "rock," or " protector;" and it then means that, through +the help of Jacob's mighty God, Jose])!! became the guar- +dian and protector of Israel. I'hilippsim refers both terms +to God, and translates, "from the iiaiids of the mighty +God of Jacob, from the Sheidicrd, the Rock of Israel." +64 + + +his wife; there they buried Isaac and Eebe- +kah his wife; and there I buried Leah,) + +32 Purchasing the field and the cave +that is therein from the children of Heth. + +33 And when Jacob had made an end of +commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet +into the bed; and he departed this life, and +was gathered unto his peeple. + +CHAPTER L. + +1 And Joseph fell upon his father's face, +and wept upon him, and kissed him. + +2 And Joseph commanded his servants the +physicians to embalm his father: and the +physicians embalmed Israel. + +3 And they fulfilled for him forty days;" +for so they fulfil the days of those that are +embalmed; and the Egyptians wept for him +seventy days. + +4 And when the days of his mourning +were past, Joseph sjaoke unto the house of +Pharaoh, saying, K now I have found grace +in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of +Pharaoh, saying, + +5 My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I +die; in my grave, which I have dug''^ for me +in the laud of Canaan, there shalt thou bury +me : now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, +and I will bury my fixther, and return agahi. + +G And Pharaoh said. Go up, and bury thy +father, as he hath made thee swear. + +7 And Joseph went up to bury his father, +and there went up with him all the servants +of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all +the elders of the land of Egyi^t, + +8 And all the house of Joseph, and his +brothers, and his fiither's house ; only their +little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, +they left behind in the land of Goshen. + +9 And there went up Avith him both cha- +riots and horsemen ; and the encampment was +very great. + +10 And they came to the thrashing-floor of +Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and the}- held +there a great and very sore lamentation ; and +he made for his father a mourning of seven days. + +° Mendelssohn gives this with "crowned from among," + + +&c. + + +i. e. His prey. + + +* Meaning, the jirocoss of embalming occupied forty +days; "and they fulfilled" then is, that the cmbalmers +were for this period engaged in their labour. + +' "1 have acquired," according to some. + + +GENESIS L. VAYECHEE. + + +according + + +11 And when the inhabitants of the land, +the Canaanites, saw the mourning at the +thrashing-floor of Atad, they said, This is a +grievous mourning to the Egyptians ; where- +fore the name of it was called Abel-mizrayim," +which is beyond the Jordan.'' + +12 And his sons did unto him +as he had commanded them ; + +13 And his sons carried him into the land +of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the +field of Machpelah, which fiek? Abraham +bought for a possession, as a burying-place, of +Epliron the Hittite, before Mamre. + +14 And Joseph returned unto Egypt, he, +and his brothers, and all that were gone up +with him to bury his father, after he had +buried his father. + +15 And when Joseph's brothers saw that +their father was dead, they said, Peradven- +ture Joseph may now hate us ; and then he +would certainly requite us all the evil which +we have done unto him. + +IG And they sent word imto Joseph, say- +ing, Thy father did command before his death, +saying, + +17 So shall ye say unto Joseph, 0 forgive, +I pray thee, the trespass of thy brothers, and +their sin ; for evil have they done unto thee : +and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass +of the servants of the God of thy father ; and +Joseph wept when they spoke unto him. + +18 And his brothers also went and fell +down before him ; and they said. Behold, we +will be thy servants. + +19 And Joseph said unto them. Fear not ; +for am I in the place of God ? + +20 But as for you, though ye thought evil +against me, God meant it unto good; in order + +'' " Mourning of Egypt." + +'' According to R. Joseph Schwartz this means the +ancient hed of the river to the south of the Dead Sea, as +Joseph did not cross the present Jordan to the north of +that lake. + + +to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save +alive a numerous people.* + +21 Now therefore fear ye not, I will suj> +port you, and your little ones ; and he com- +forted them, and spoke kindly unto them. + +22 And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and +his father's house ; and Joseph lived one hun- +dred and ten years.'-' + +23 And Joseph saw of Ephraim children +of the third generation ; the children also of +Machir the son of Menasseh were brought u^) +upon Joseph's knees. + +21 And Joseph said unto his brothers, J +shall die; but God will surely visit you, and +lu'ing you up out of this land unto the land +which he hath sworn to Abraham, to Isaac, +and to Jacob. + +25 And Joseph caused the children of +Israel to swear, saying, God will surely visit +you, and then shall ye cany up my bones +from here. + +26 So Joseph died, being one hundred and +ten years old ; and they embalmed him, and +he was pirt in a coffin in Egypt. + +Haphtorah in 1 Kings ii. 1 to 12. + + +Note. — Haphtorah for the Sabliatli, if on the day before +New Moon, is in 1 Samuel xx. 18 to 42. + +Reading for Maplitere for Sabbath and New Jloon, +Numbers xsviii. 9 to 1.5. + +Haphtorah for Sabbath and New Moon in Isaiah Ivi. +1 to 24. + +Haphtorah for Sabbath Chanukkah in Zechariah ii. 14 +to iv. 7. + +Haptorah for the second Sabbath Chanukkah in 1 +Kings vii. 40 to 50. + +When cither of the above is read on any Sabbath, the +usual weekly Haphtorah is omitted. The same is the +case with all other occasional Haphtorotli, which usually +take the place of the regular ones. + +° This construction is according to Arnheim, rendering + +ityx and mBTi simply with "which field." He also ren- +ders N13:2 'J3 S;' with "east of Mamrt'." + + +«6 + + +THE BOOK OF EXODUS, + +SHEMOTH, mar, + +CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF THE ISRAELITES IN EGYPT, AND THEIR +REDEMPTION, TO THE BUILDING OF THE TABERNACLE. + + +SECTION XIII. SHEMOTH, mOC'. + +CHAPTER I. + +1 ^ Now these are the names of the children +of Israel, that came into Egypt ; with Jacob +were they come, every man and his household. + +2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, + +3 Issachar, Zel^ulun, and Benjamin, + +4 Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. + +5 And all the souls that came out of the +loins of Jacob were seventy souls; together +with Joseph who was already in Egypt. + +6 And Joseph died, with all his brothers, +aiid all that generation. + +7 And the children of Israel were fruitful, +and increased aljundantly, and multiplied, +and waxed exceedingly mighty ; and the land +was filled with them. + +8 ][ Now there rose up a new king over +Egypt, who knew not Joseph. + +9 And he said unto his people. Behold, the +people of the children of Israel is more nume- +rous and mightier than we : + +10 Come on, let us deal wisely with it; +lest it multiply, and it come to pass, that, +when there happen to be a war, it join also +unto our enemies, and fight against us, and +de])art out of the land. + +11 And they thereupon did set over it +taskmasters, to afflict it with their ))ni-den- +some labours ; and it built treasure cities, for +Pharaoh, Pitliom and Raamses. + +12 But in the measure that they afflicted +the same, so it m\iltiplied and so it spread it- +self out ; and they felt abhorrence because of +the children of Israel. + +13 And the Egyptians compelled the chil- +dren of Israel to labour with rigour : + +' D'J3X " the chair upon which women sit during child- +birth" is used for the child itself that is born. + +'' ('. r. Vigorous; whercfdrc they re(mirc not the same +care as the more feeble Egyptians ; iu consequence of + + +14 And they made their lives bitter with +hard labour, in mortar, and in bricks, and in +all manner of labour in the field; besides all + +i their other service, wherein they made them +labour with rigour. + +15 And the king of Egypt said to the He- +brew midwives, of Avhom the name of the one +was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah ; + +16 And he said, When ye do the office of +a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall +have due regard ujjon the birth :" if it be a +son, then shall ye kill him ; but if it be a +daughter, then may she live. + +17 But the midwives feared God, and they +did not as the king of Eg_)i)t had connnanded +them, but saved the men-children alive.^'' + +18 And the king of Egypt called for the +midwives, and he said unto them, Why have +ye done this thing, and have saved the men- +children alive ? + +19 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, +Because the Hebrew women are not as the +Egyptian women ; for they are lively ;'' ere the +midwife cometh in unto them they are deli- +vered. + +20 And God dealt well with the midwives ; +and the people multiplied, and waxed very +mighty. + +21 And it came to pass, because the mid- +wives feared God, that he made them houses." + +22 And Pharaoh charged all his jieople, +saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast +into the river, and every daughter ye shall +save alive. + +CHAPTER II. + +1 And there went a man of the house of +Levi, and took a daughter of Levi. + + +which it would be impossible to slay the child unperceivcd +by the mother. + +° i. e. He made them important, and founders of houses +of renown iu Israel. + + +EXODUS II. SHEMOTII. + + +2 And the woman conceived, and bore a +son; and when she saw him that he was a +goodly* child, she hid him three months. + +3 And when she could no longer hide him, +she took for him a box of bulrushes,'' and +daubed it with slime and with pitch ; and she +put the child therein, and laid it amidst the +Hags by the brink of the river. + +4 And his sister placed herself afor off, to +ascertain what would be done to him. + +5 And the daughter of Pharaoh" came +down to wash herself at the river; and her +maidens walked along by the side of the +river; and when she saw the box among the +flags, she sent her maid and fetched it. + +6 And she opened it, and saw the child, +and, behold, it was a weeping boy; and she +had compassicyi on him, and said. This is one +of the Hebrews' children. + +7 Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daugh- +ter, Shall I go and call thee a nurse of the +Hebrew women, that she may nurse for thee +the child? + +8 And Pharaoh's daughter said to lier. Go; +and the maiden went and called the mother +of the child. + +9 And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her,- +Take away this child, and nurse him for me, +and I will give thee thy wages; and the +woman took the child, and nursed him. + +10 And the child grew up, and she brought +him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he be- +came to her as a son ; and she called his name +Moses f and she said. Because out of the water +have I drawn him.* + +11 And it came to pass in those days, when +Moses was grown up, that he went out unto +his brethren, and looked on their burdensome +labours ; and he saw an Egyptian man smiting +a Hebrew man, one of his brethren. + +12 And he looked this way and that way, +and when he saw that there was no one by, +he smote^ the Egyptian, and hid him in the +sand. + +13 And when he went out the second day, + +' That is, handsome and well formed ; the word 3lD is +often used in this sense. + +" Philippson renders, "papyrus rush," out of the stems +of which boats are constructed, which attain at times im- +mense speed in their propulsinn. They were called by +Pliny papt/rarese 7iaves. See also NOJ ^'ij " vessels of +bulrushes," Eng. ver., in Isaiah xviii. 2. + +° Wonderful providence ! that the daughter of the op- +pressor should be made the instrument, through the very + + +behold, two Hebrew men were striving to- +gether; and he said unto him that was in the +wrong. Wherefore smitest thou thy fellow? + +14 And he said. Who made thee a chief and +a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as +thou hast killed the Egyptian? And Moses +feared, and said. Surely the thing is become +known. + +15 And Pharaoh heard this thing, and he +sought to slay Moses; but Moses fled from +the face of Pharaoh, and tarried in the land +of Midiau, and he sat down by a Avell. + +16 Now the priest of Midian had seven +daughters; and they came and drew water, +and filled the troughs to water their father's +flock. + +1 7 And the shepherds came and drove them +away; but Moses arose and helped them, and +watered their flock. + +18 And when they came to Eeiiel their +fatlier, he said. Wherefore are ye come home +so soon to-day? + +19 And they said. An Egyptian man de- +livered us out of the hand of the shepherds ; +and he also drew water for us, and watered +the flock. + +20 And he said unto his daughters. And +where is he ? wherefore have ye left the man ? +call him, that he may eat ])read. + +21 And Moses was content to dwell with +the man; and he gave Zipporah his daughter +to Moses. + +22 And she bore a son, and he called +his name Gershom f for he said, I ha\'e been +a stranger in a foreign land. + +23 ^ And it came to pass in this long +time, that the king of Egypt died; and the +children of Israel sighed by reason of the +bondage, and they cried ; and their complaint +came up unto God by reason of the bondage. + +24 And God heard their groaning, and +God remembered his covenant v/ith Abraham, +with Isaac, and with Jacob. + +25 And God looked upon the children of +Israel, and God took cognizance of them.*''' + +decree of exterminating the male Israelites, to educate +the future deliverer of his people. + +'' " Mosheh," fnuu nty^ nuishcJi, '• to draw forth." +" Lit. " he smote," not " he slew." +' Gfr, a " stranger ;" and sJiahm, " there." +^ " He turned his attention to them and did not nvi^rt +his eyes," Rashi ; that is, he noted their sorrows and re- +solved to redeem them. + +67 + + +EXODUS III. SHEMOTH. + + +CHAPTER Hi. + +1 ^ And Moses was keeping the flock of +Jittiro his father-in-hiw, the priest of Midian; +and he led the flock far away into the desert, +and came to the mountain of God, to Choreb. + +2 And an angel" of the Lord appeared unto +him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a +thorn-bush; and he looked, and, behold, the +thorn-bush was burning with fire, ]:)ut the +thorn-bush was not consumed. + +3 And Moses said, I must turn aside, and +see this great sight, why the tliorn-luish is not +bunit. + +4 And when tlie Lord saw that he turned +aside to see, God called unto him out of the +midst of the thorn-bush, and said, Moses, +Moses; and he said, Here am I. + +5 And he said, Draw not nigh hither ; put +oif thy shoes from off thy feet; for the place +whereon thou standest is holy ground. + +6 And he said, I am the God of thy father, +the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and +the God of Jacob ; and Moses hid his face ; for +he was afraid to look up to God. + +7 And the Lord said, I have truly seen +the alHiction of my people that is in Egypt, +and have heard its cry by reason of its task- +masters; yea, I know its sorrows; + +8 And I am come down to deliver it out +of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring it +up out of that land unto a land, good and +large, unto a land flowing with milk and ho- +ney; unto the place of the Canaanites, and +the Ilittites, and the Emorites, and the Periz- +zites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. + +9 Now therefore, behold, the cry of the +children of Israel is come unto me: and I +have also seen the oppression wherewith the +Egyptians oppress them. + +10 And now then go, and I will send thee +unto Pharaoh, and thou slialt bring Ibrth my +people the children of Israel out of Egypt. + + +* The angel who appeared to Moses does not address +liiiii: the bodily appearance of the peculiar conflagration, +was to arrest his attention ; but immediately after, when +Moses attempted to inspect it more closely, he is arrested +by the Divine word, proceeding without a mediator, and +\h'. is thus called to commence his great mission by the +Supreme himself. + +'' Arnhcim translates this passage, "I will be that I +am." It is very simple in its construction: still it is exceed- +ingly difficult to cdiivey (lie wliole force of the idea by any +words in a translation. Tlie Ijord announces iiiniself as +68 + + +11 And Moses said unto God, Who am I, +that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I +should bring forth the children of Israel out +of Egypt? + +12 And he said. Because I will be with +thee; and this shall be unto thee the token, +that I have sent thee : when thou hast +brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye +shall serve God upon this mountain. + +13 And Moses said unto God, Behold, if +I come unto the children of Israel, and say +unto them. The God of your fathers hath +sent me unto you ; and they then say to me, +What is his name? what shall I say unto +them ? + +14 And God said unto Moses, I will be +THAT I WILL BE:'' and he said, Thus shalt +thou say unto the children of Israel, I will +BE hath sent me unto you. + +15 And God said moreover unto Moses, +Thus shalt thou say unto the children of +Israel, The Everlasting One, the God of +3^our fathers, the God of Abraham, the God +of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me +unto you : this is my name for ever, and this +is my memorial" unto all generations.* + +• 16 Go, and assemble the elders of Israel, +and say unto them, The Everlasting One, the +God of 3'our fathers, the God of Abraham, of +Isaac, and of Jacob, hath appear,ed unto me, +saying, I have surely taken cognizance of you +and of that which is done to you in Egypt: + +17 And I have said, I will bring you up +out of the affliction of Egyjit, unto the land +of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the +Emorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, +and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with +milk and honey. + +18 And they will hearken to thy voice: +and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of +Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall +say unto him, The Everlasting One, the God +of the Hebrews hath met with us ; and now + + +the Being who will ever be, as he was and as he is. In +truth, the word is nothing but the future tense first person +singular of the verb rrri "to be." In the second part of +the verse, tliereforc, Arnheim gives it simply as the name +of God, without translating it: "Ehyeh hath sent me to +you." In this new name, which God assumes to denote +his eternity, we have the second revelation of his being +and quality. (See above, Gen. xvii. 1.) + +° This means, say the commentators, that God taught +IMoses how to pronounce the nam^ of four letters, which +is read Adonay, and not as it is written. + + +i + + +EXODUS III. TV. SHEMOTH. + + +let us go, we beseech thee, a three days' +journey into the wilderness, that we may +sacrifice to the Lokd our God. + +19 But I am sure that the king of Egypt +will not let you go, unless it happen through +a mighty hand." + +20 And I will stretch out my hand, and +smite Egypt with all my wonders which I +,vill do in the midst thereof; and after that +he will let you go. + +21 And I will give this people favour in +the eyes of the Egyptians; and it shall come +to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go +empty : + +22 But every woman .shall ask of her +neighbour, and of her that sojourneth in her +house, vessels of silver', and vessels of gold, +and garments; and ye shall put them upon +your sons, and upon your daughters; and ye +shall empty out Egypt. + +CHAPTER IV. + +1 And Moses answered and said, But, be- +hold, they will not believe me, nor hearken +unto my voice; for they will say. The Lord +hath not appeared unto thee. + +2 And the Lord said unto him. What is +that in thy hand? and he said, A staff. + +3 And he said, Cast it on the ground; and +he cast it on the ground, and it became a ser- +pent; and Moses tied from before it. + +4 And the Lord said unto Moses, Put forth +thy hand, and grasp it by the tail; and he +put forth his hand, and laid hold of it, and it +became a stafi' in his hand. + +5 In order that they may believe that +there hath appeared unto thee the Everlast- +ing One, the God of their fathers, the God of +Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of +Jacob. + +6 And the Lord said farthermore unto +him. Do put thy hand into thy bosom: and +he put his hand into his bosom; and when +he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, +white'' as snow. + +7 And he said. Put thy hand again into + +' Kasbi; others, after the literal text, "and not even +through a mighty hand." + +' Heb. "Leprous like snow." + +° Sips probably means "the report," to wit, which +Moses would bring of the wonders which he had seen; +hence it says properly, if tvords should not convince them, +he should show them something before their eyes. — Arn- +HEIM after Rashi. + + +thy bosom: and he put his hand again into +his bosom ; and when he pulled it out of his +bosom, behold, it was turned again as his +other flesh. + +8 And it shall come to pass, if they will +not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice" +of the first sign, that they will believe the +voice of the latter sign. + +9 And it shall come to pass, if they will +not believe also these two signs, and will not +hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take +of the water of the river, and pour it upon +the dry land: and the water which thou shalt +take out of the river shall become blood upon +the dry land. + +10 And Moses said unto the Lord, Pardon, +0 Lord, I am not a man of words, neither +yesterday, nor the day before, nor since thou +hast spoken unto thy servant; for I am heavy +of speech, and heavy of tongue. + +11 And the Lord said unto him, Who hath +given a mouth to man? or who maketh him +dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I +the Lord? + +12 Now therefore go, and I ^\•ill be -with +thy mouth, and I will teach thee what thou +shalt speak. + +1-3 And he said, Pardon, 0 Lord, send, I +pray thee, by the hand of him ^vhom thou +wouldst' send. + +14 And the auger of the Lord was kindled +against Moses, and he said. Is there not +Aaron, thy brother, the Levite? I know that +he can speak well; and also, Ixdiold, he +cometh forth to meet thee; and when he +seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart. + +15 And thou shalt speak unto him, and put +the words in his mouth : and I will l)e with +thy mouth, and with his mouth, and I will +teach you what ye shall do. + +16 And he shall speak for thee unto the +peojDle; and he shall be, yea he shall be to +thee as a mouth, and thou shalt be to him as +a god." + +17 And this staft' shalt thou take in thy +hand, wherewith thou shalt do the signs.'-' + +'' Onkelos renders, "who is worthy of being sent." +° Moses should give to Aaron instruction how to speak, +consequently he would be to him what God was to Moses, +instructor; and again, Aaron was to be the mouth of +Moses, by telling the people what had been intrusted to +him, and which he himself could not tell on account cf +his difficulty of speech. + +69 + + +EXODUS IV. V. SHEMOTH. + + +18 "H And Moses went and returned to +Jether Ids father-in-law, and said unto him, +Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my +bi'ethren that are in Egypt, and see whether +they be yet alive ; and Jithro said to Moses, +Go in peace. + +19 And the Lord said unto Moses in Mi- +dian. Go, return into Egypt; for all the men +are dead who sought thy life. + +20 And Moses took his wife and his sons, +and set them upon an ass, and he returned to +the land of Egypt; and Moses took the staff +of God in his hand. + +21 And the Lord said unto Moses, When +thou goest to return into Egypt, regard well +all the wonders which I have put in thy +hand, and do them before Pharaoh ; but I will +hai'den his heart, and he will not let the +people go. + +22 And thou shalt say unto Pharoah, Thus +hath said the Lord, My son, my first-born, +is Israel. + +23 And I said unto thee. Let my son go, +that he may serve me; and thou refusest to +let him go; so, behold, I will slay thy son, +thy first-born. + +24 And as he was on the journey in the +inn, the Lord met him, and sought to kill +him. + +25 Then took Zipporah a sharp instru- +ment,^ and cut off the foreskin of her son, +and cast it at his feet, and said. Surely a +bloody relative*" art thou to me. + +20 And then he withdi'ew from him; when +she said, A bloody relative, but only in re- +sjiect of the circumcision. + +27 ^ And the Lord said to Aaron, Go +to meet Moses, into the wilderness; and he +went and met him by the mount of God, and +kissed him. + +28 And Moses told Aaron all the words +of the Lord wherewith he had sent him, +and all the signs which he had commanded +him. + +29 And Moses and Aaron went and assem- +bled all the elders of the children ol" Israel : + +30 And Aaron spoke all the words which + + +* Aben Ezra and Kashbam ; others render, " a sharp +Btone." + +'' This was said to the child, as endangering the life of +Moses; but the blood was at length only that of circum- +cision. + +° "Prostrated themselves;" but as this was the method +70 + + +the Lord had sjjoken unto Moses; and he did +the signs before the eyes of the peojile. + +31 And the people believed: and when +they heard that the Lord had visited the chil- +dren of Israel, and that he had looked upon +their affliction, then they bowed their heads +and worshipped."* + +CHAPTER V. + +1 And after that Moses and Aaron went +in, and said unto Pharaoh, Thus hath said +the Everlasting One, the God of Israel, Let +my people go, that they may hold a feast +unto me in the wilderness. + +2 And Pharaoh said, Wlio is the Everlast- +ing, whose voice I am to obey, to let Israel +go? I know not the Everlasting, nor will I +let Israel go. + +3 And they said. The God of the Hebrews +hath met with us : let us go, we pray thee, a +three daj^s' journey into the desert, and sacri- +fice unto the Lord our God ; lest he fall upon +us with the pestilence, or with the sword. + +4 And the king of Egypt said unto them. +Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, hinder +the people from their works? get you unto +your own affairs.'' + +5 And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of +the land now are many, and ye disturb" them +in the pursuit of their labours. + +6 And Pharaoh commanded on the same +day the taskmasters of the people, and its of- +ficers, saying, + +7 Ye shall no more give the people straw +to make the bricks, as yesterday and the day +before ; they themselves shall go and gather +themselves straw. + +8 And the number of the bricks, which +they did make heretofore,*^ ye shall impose +upon them, ye shall not diminish aught +thereof; for they are idle ; therefore they cry, +saying. Let us go and sacrifice to our God. + +9 Let the work be made to lie heavily upon +the men, that they may have enough to do +therein; and that they may not pay attention +to false words. + +10 And the taskmasters of the people and + + +of worship, the word "worshipped" has been retained, as + +in the common version. +" Rasiii. + +" Lit. "Cause them to rest from their burdens." +' Heb. "Yesterday and the day before yesterday." + + +EXODUS V. VI. VAAYRAH. + + +its officers went out, and they said to the +people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoli, I will +not give j-ou any straw. + +11 Go ye, get jourselves straw from wher- +ever ye can find it ; yet not the least shall be +taken off from your work. + +12 And the j^eople scattered themselves +abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to +gather stubble instead of straw. + +13 And the taskmasters were urgent, say- +ing, Fulfil 3'our works, every day its due por- +tion, just as when there was straw. + +14 And the officex's of the children of +Israel, whom the taskmasters of Pharaoh had +set over them, were beaten, as these said, +Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in +making brick as heretofore, both yesterday +and to-day? + +15 And the officers of the children of +Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, +Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy ser- +vants ? + +16 Straw is not given unto thy servants, +and. Make bricks, say they to us: and, be- +hold, thy servants are beat«n, and thy people +are treated as sinners. + +17 But he said. Idle are ye, idle; therefore +say ye. Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord. + +18 And now go, work, and straw shall not +be given you; yet the required number of +bricks shall ye deliver. + +19 And the officers of the children of Israel +saw themselves in the evil necessity to say. +Ye shall not diminish aught from 3'our bricks, +every day of its task. + +20 And they met Moses and Aaron, stand- +ing in their way, as they came forth from +Pharaoh. + +21 And they said unto them. May the +Lord look upon you, and judge; because ye +have made our savour to be abhorred in +the eyes of Pharaoh, and the eyes of his +servants, to put a sword in their hand to +slay us.* + +22 And Moses returned unto the Lord, and + + +° Aben Ezra supplies here, "aloue," meaniug, sometimes +it was as the Almighty, while at others as the Eternal, that +God spoke to the patriarchs. Jonathan says, "And by my +name, the Lord, through the evident appearance of my +glory, (see Numb. sii. 6,) I became not known to them." +Perhaps it may mean, however, that God made himself +known to the patriarchs as the Ruler of all things, but not +as the Merciful and sure Rewarder of all deeds: they +might have recognised Him so from his bounties; but now + + +said, Lord, wherefore hast thou let so much +evil come upon this people? why is it that +thou hast sent me? + +23 For, since I came unto Pharaoh to +speak in thy name, he hath done more evil +to this people; but thou hast in nowise de- +livered thy people. + +CHAPTER VI. + +1 Then said the Lord unto Moses, Now +shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh ; for +with a strong hand shall he send them aA\'ay, +and Avith a strong liand shall he drive them +out of his land. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah xxvii. 6 to xxviii. 13, and v. 22 and 23 of +xxix. The Portuguese read Jeremiah i. 1 to ii. 3. + + +SECTION XIV. VAAYEAH, N1N1. + +2 Tl And God spoke unto Moses, and said +unto him, I am the Lord : + +3 And I appeared unto Aljraham, unto +Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God, +the Almighty, but by my name The Eter- +nal" was I not made kno-wm to them. + +4 And as I did also establish my covenant +with them, to give unto them the land of +Canaan, tlie land of their pilgrimage, wherein +they sojourned: + +5 So have I also heard the groaning of the +children of Israel, whom the Egyptians com- +pel to labour; and I have remembei'ed my +covenant. + +6 Therefore say unto the children of Israel, +I am the Eternal, and I will bring you out +from under the burdens* of the Egyptians, +and I will release you from their bondage, +and I will redeem you with an outstretched +ann, and with great judgments : + +7 And I will take you to me for a people, +and I will be to you for a God; and ye slinll +know that I am the Lord" your God, who +bringeth you out from under the burdens of +the Egyptians. + +8 And I will bring you in unto the land. + + +this knowledge was bcstoired on mankind as a new source +of hope and confidence. + +" The same word has been rendered above with "bur- +densome labour," in which sense it must be understood +throughout. + +° The reader will please to recollect what is stated in a +note to Genesis ii. 4, that the word Lord (so printed ) is +used in this version as equivalent to Eternal, to prevmt +the frequent repetition of the last term. + + +EXODUS VI. VII. VAAYRAH. + + +concerning which I did lift up my hand" to +give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; +and I Avill give it you for an heritage : I am +the Lord. + +9 And Moses sjioke thus unto the children +of Israel ; but they hearkened not unto Moses +for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. + +10 "f[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +11 Go in, speak unto Pharaoh the king +of Egypt, that he sliall let the children of +Israel go out of his land. + +12 And Moses spoke before the Lord, say- +ing, Behold, the childi'en of Israel have not +hearkened unto me : how then shall Phai'aoh +hear me, whereas I am of uncircumcised^ +lips? + +13 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the +children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh, the +king of Egy|]t, to bring forth the children of +Israel out of the land of Egypt.* + +14 Tf These are the heads of their family +divisions : The sons of Reiiben the firs1>born +of Israel: Chanoch, and Pallu, Chezron, and +Carmi; these are the families of Reuben. + +15 And the sons of Simeon : Yemuel, and +Yamin, and Ohad, and Yachin, and Zochar, +and Shaiil the son of the Canaanitish woman ; +these are the families of Simeon. + +16 And these are the names of the sons of +Levi according to their generations : Gershon, +and Kehath, and Merari; and the years of +the life of Levi were one hundred and thirty +and seven years. + +17 The sons of Gershon : Libni, and Shimi, +according to their families. + +18 And the sons of Kehath: Amram, and +Yizhar, and Chebron, and 'Uzziel; and the +years of the life of Kehath Avere one hundred +and thirty and three years. + +19 And the sons of Merari: Machli and +Mushi; these are the families of Levi accord- +ing to their generations. + +20 And Amram took himself Yochebed his +aunt for wife ; and she bore unto him Aaron" + +* That is, "I did swear," as an oath is taken by the +lifting up of the hand. + +"" The word " uncircumcised," among Israelites, denotes +always an imperfection; so "uncircumcised of lips" means +a difficulty in speaking, "uncircumcised of heart," an im- +purity of thought and a state of disobedience. Whereas +"circumcised" denotes the opposite state of pcrfectness or +purity. + +72 + + +and Moses; and the years of the life of Am- +ram were one hundred and thirty and seven +years. + +21 And the sons of Yizhar: Korach, and +Nepheg, and Zichri."* + +22 And the sons of 'Uzziel : Mishael, and +Elzajihan, and Sithri. + +23 And Aaron took himself Elisheba, +daughter of Amminadab, sister of Nachshon, +for wife; and she bore unto him Nadab, and +Abihu, Elazar, and Ithamar. + +24 And the sons of Korach: Assir, and +Elkanah, and Abiassaph; these are the fami- +lies of the Korchites. + +25 And Elazar the son of Aaron took him- +self one of the daughters of Putiel for wife; +and she bore unto him Phinehas:'' these are +the heads of the divisions of the Levites ac- +cording to their families. + +26 These are Aaron and Moses/ to whom +the Lord said. Bring forth the children of +Israel out of the land of Egypt according to +their armies. + +27 These are they that spoke to Pharaoh +the king of Egypt, to bring forth the children +of Israel out of Egypt : these are Moses and +Aaron. + +28 And it came to jDass on the day when +the Lord sjioke unto Moses m the land of +Egypt.* + +29 ^ Then spoke the Lord unto Moses, say- +ing, I am the Lord ; speak thou unto Pharaoh +the king of Egypt all that I speak unto thee. + +30 And Moses said before the Lord, Be- +hold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how +shall Pharaoh hearken unto me? + +CHAPTER VII. + +1 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, See, I +have made thee a god to Pharaoh; and Aaron +thy brother shall be thy prophet. + +2 Thou shalt speak all that I shall com- +mand thee; and Aaron thy brother shall +speak unto Pharaoh, that he send away the +children of Israel out of his land. + +3 And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, + +° Properly, "Aharon." + +^ Eng. ver. " Zithri," which is incorrect. + +' Properly, " Pincchas." + +' This genealogy is here given merely to show the de- +scent of Moses and Aaron, as they were made the special +instruments of Israel's redemption, or to exhibit, that +anion;: all cnumoratcd Moses was the most deservina to +fulfil this mission. + + +i + + +REUEKA^H AT THE WELL. + + +EXODUS VII. VAAYRAH. + + +and I will multipl}- iiiy .signs and my wonders +in the land of Egypt. + +4 And Pharaoh will not liearken nnto yon, +and I will lay my hand upon Egypt, and +bring forth my armies, my people, the chil- +dren of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by +means of great judgments. + +5 And the Egyptians shall know that I am +the LoKD. when I stretch forth my hand over +Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel +fi-om the midst of them. + +G And Moses and Aaron did so; as the +Lord connnanded them, so did the}-. + +7 And Moses was eighty years old, and +Aaron eighty and three years old, when they +spoke unto Pharaoh.'-' + +8 *I| And the Lord said unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +'.) If Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, +Show a miracle for yourselves rHhen shalt thou +say unto Aaron. Take thy staff' and cast it +down before Pharaoh; it shall become a serpent. + +10 And Moses and Aaron went in unto +Pharaoh, and they tlid so, as the Lohd had +commanded ; and Aaron cast down his stall' +beibre Pharaoh, and before his servants, asd +it became a serpent. + +11 Then Pharaoh also called for the wise +men and the sorcerers; and they also, the +magicians of Egypt, did with their secret arts +in like manner. + +12 And they cast down every man his +staff, and they became serpents; but Aaron's +staff swallowed up their staves. + +13 But the heart of Pharaoh was hard, and +he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord +had spoken. + +14 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, The +heart of Pharaoh is oljdurate, he refuseth to +let the people go. + +15 Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; +lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou +shalt place thyself opposite to him by the +Ijrink of the river; and the staff which was +turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thy +hand. + +IC And thou shalt say unto him. The Eter- + +" It must be understood that Pharaoh had refused to +listen to the demand of Moses uuder the plea that he +knew not who was the "Eternal God" in whose name the +prophet spoke. When, therefore, Moses and his brother +were sent again, it was to be expected that the king +would require some extraordinary attestation, as proof that +they who spoke thus had a power to enforce their mission, + +K + + +nal, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me +unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that +they may serve me in the wilderness : and, be- +hold, thou wouldst not hear, up to this time. + +17 Thus hath said the Lord, By this thou +shalt know that I am the Lord : behold, I +will smite with the stall' that is in my hand +upon the waters which are in the river, and +they shall be turned to blood. + +18 And the fish that is in the river shall +die, and the river shall stink; and the Egy2> +tians shall loath to drink water from the +river. + +19 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Say +unto Aaron, Take thy staff, and stretch out +thy hand over tlie waters of Egypt, over their +streams, over their rivers, and over their +ponds, and over all their pools of water, that +they become blood; and there shall be blood +throughout all the land of Egypt, also in ves- +sels of wood, and in vessels of stone. + +20 And M(jses and Aaron did so, as the +Lord had commanded; and he lifted up (his +hand) with the staff", and smote the waters +thtit were in the river, before the eyes of Pha- +raoh, and before the eyes of his servants ; and +all the waters that were in the river were +turnetl to blood. + +21 And the fish that was in the river died ; +and the river stank, and the Egyptians could +not drink water from the river ; and the blood +was throughout all the land of Egjqot. + +22 And the magicians of Egypt did so'' +with their secret arts: and the heart of Phar +raoh remained hai'dened, and he did not +hearken unto them; as the Lord had spoken. + +23 And Pharaoh turned avfiiy and went +into his house, and he did not set his heart to +this thing also. + +24 And all the Egyptians dug in the neigh- +bourhood of the river for water to drink ; for +they could not drink of the water of the +river. + +25 And full seven days elapsed, after that +the Lord had smitten the river." + +26 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Go +in unto Pharaoh, and say unto him. Thus + +if it were in reality the word and will of an unheard-of +Deity, of superior power to the gods of Egypt. + +'' "With the water, namely, which came from the newly +dug wells;" see v. 24. — Arnheim. + +" The English version ends here the seventh chapter, +but the Jlassoretio text commences chap. viii. only with +the fifth verse of the common version. + +73 + + +EXODUS VII. VIII. VAAYRAH. + + +hath said the Lord, Let my people go, that +they may serve me. + +27 And if thou refuse to let them go, be- +hold, I will smite all thy liorders" with frogs : + +28 And the river shall bring forth frogs +abundantly, and they shall go up and come +into thy house, and into thy sleeping-cham- +ber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of +thy servants, and among thy people, and into +thy ovens, and into thj' kneachng-troughs; + +29 And upon thee, and upon thy people, +and upon all thy servants, shall the frogs +come up. + +CHAPTER VIIL + +1 And the Lord said unto Moses, Say unto +Aaron, Stretch forth thy hand with thy staft' +over the streams, over tlie rivers, and over +the ponds, and cause the frogs to come up +over the land of Egypt. + +2 And Aaron stretched out his hand over +the waters of Egypt ; and the frogs came up, +and covered the land of Egypt. + +3 And the mairicians did so Avith their +secret arts, and brought up tlie frogs over the +land of Egypt. + +4 Then did Pharaoh call for Moses and +Aaron, and said. Entreat the Lord, that he +may take away the frogs from me, and from +my people ; and I will let the people go, that +they may sacrifice unto the Lord. + +5 And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Arrogate +thyself' glory over me : for what time shall I +entreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for +thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and +from thy houses, that tliey may remain in the +river only ? + +6 And he said, For to-morrow; and he said, +Be it according to thy word; in order tliat +thou inayest know that there is none like +unto the Lord our God.* + +7 And the frogs shall depart from thee, + +" i. <:, the wliole country, or that part which is enclosed +by the boundaries. + +'' iSDnn the hllhpiiel from 1X3 " to gh)rify," hence " to +assume a ghiry for oneself." IMoses meant to convey to +Pharaoh, as a proof of his divinely delegated power, that +even tlie fi.xing of a period to the plague, whether long or +short, would surely bo complied with. Hence follows the +conclusion referring to tiic greatness of the Lord. + +° As the word d:2 is only found here and in I'.salm cv. +8], its true cluiracter is not easily defined. I'liilippson +renders it with "ants," perhaps {\iq funnix nlijra. Others +make it to mean "mosquito," the culex rcplniis. T5oth +these insects are exceedingly troublesome in Kgypt. + + +and fi'om thy houses, and from thy serA'ants- +and from thy people; only in the river shall +they remain. + +8 And Moses and Aaron went out from +Pharaoh ; and Moses cried unto the Lord on +account of the frogs which he hatl inflicted on +Pharaoh. + +9 And the Lord did according to the word +of Moses ; and the frogs died out of the houses, +out of the courts, and out of the fields. + +10 And tliey gathered them together in +many heaps; and the land stank. + +11 But when Pharaoh saw that there was +a respite, he hardened his heart, and heark- +ened not unto them; as the Lord had spoken. + +12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Say +unto Aaron, Stretch out thy stafl'. and smite +the dust of the earth, and it shall become lice" +throughout all the land of Egypt. + +13 And they did so; and Aaron stretched +out his hand with his staff, and smote the +dust of the earth, and the lice were thus on +man, and on beast; all the dust of the land +became lice throughout all tlie land of Egypt. + +14 And the magicians did so with their +secret arts to bring forth the lice, but they +could not; so were the lice upon man and +upon beast. + +15 Then said the magicians unto Pharaoh, +This is a finger of God; but Pliaraoh's heart +remained hardened, and he hearkened not +unto them; as the Lord had spoken. + +16 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise +up early in the morning, and place thyself +before Pharaoh; lo, he goeth forth to the +water; and say unto him, Thus hath said +the Lord, Let my people go, that they may +serve me. + +17 For if thou wilt not let my people go, +behold, I will send against thee, and against +thy servants, and against thy people, and in- +to thy houses various'" wild beasts: and the + +'' The ancient Jewish commentators render 31ii' ' Arohr, +only found here and in Psalms, as derived from the verb +signifying "to mingle," &c., a mixture of ravenous beasts, +serpents, and scorpions. Kashbam makes it derived from +mi' ' Areh "evening," hence "the night-wolf," jackall. — +Philippsou i-enders it with " beetle," referring to the +hlattii jEiji/ptiaca, which is at times dangerous to human +life. (He quotes " De Katte's Journey to Abyssiania," p. +IIH.) The English version "swarms of flics" needs no +refutation, as the whole context shows it to be incorrect. +See especially fardicv down, verse 20. + + +EXODUS VIIT. IX. VAAYRAII. + + +houses of tlie Egyptians shall l)e full of the +wild beasts, and also the ground whereon +they dweli. + +IS And I will distinguish on that day the +land of Goshen, in which my people abideth, +so that no wild beasts shall be there; to the +end thou niayest know that I am the Lord in +the midst of the earth."* + +19 And I will put a distinction between +my people and thy people; to-morrow shall +this sign be. + +20 And the Lord did so; and there came +a grievous multitude of beasts into the +house of Pharaoh, and into the house of his +servants ; and in all the land of Egypt, the +land was laid waste by reason of the wild +beasts. + +21 And Pharaoh called for Moses and for +Aaron, and said. Go ye, sacrifice to your God +in the land. + +22 And Moses said. It is not proper to do +so; for the abomination of the Egyptians must +we sacrifice to the Eternal our God : lo, if we +should sacrifice the aljomination of the Egyp- +tians Ijefore their eyes, would they not stone us? + +23 A three days' journey will we go into +the wilderness, and sacrifice to the Lord our +God, just as he may say unto us. + +24 And Pharaoh said, I will surely let you +go, that ye may sacrifice to the Eternal your +God in the wilderness; only do not go very +far away : entreat for me. + +2-5 And Moses said, Behold, I am going out +from thee, and I w'ill entreat the Lord, and +the wild beasts shall depart from Pharaoh, +from his servants, and from liis people, to- +morrow ; oidy let not Pharaoli deal deceitfully +any more, so as not to let the people go to +sacrifice to the Lord. + +20 And Moses went out from Pharaoh, +and entreated the Lord. + +27 And the Lord did according to the +word of Moses; and he removed the wild +beasts from Pharaoh, from his servants, and +from hi-s people ; there remained not one. + +28 But Pharaoh hardened his heart at this +time also, and he did not let the people go. + +CHAPTER IX. + +1 ^ x\nd the Lord said unto Moses, Go in + +' "Land." — Arnheim. + +^ After Rashi, wlio renders [tik; with nn'-^n "lieat;" + + +unto Pharaoh, and speak to him, Thus hath +said the Eternal, the God of the Hebrews, +Let my people go, that they may serve me. + +2 For if thou refuscst to let them go, and +still boldest on to them, "~ + +3 Behold, the hand of the Lord will be +sent against thy cattle which is in the field, +against the horses, against the asses, against +the camels, against the oxen, and against the +sheep ; — a very grievous j^estilence. + +4 And the Lord will distinguish between +the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt ; +and not one head shall die of all that belong- +eth to the children of Israel. + +5 And the Lord appointed a set time, say- +ing. To-morrow will the Lord do this thing +in the land. + +6 And the Lord did this thing on the +morrow^, and all the cattle of Egypt died ; but +of the cattle of the children of Israel there +died not one. + +7 And Pliartioh sent, and, behold, there +had not died of the cattle of the Israelites +even one ; but the heart of Pliaraoh remained +hardened, and he did not let the people go. + +8 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses and unto +Aaron, Take unto yourselves your hands full +of soot of the furnace, and let Moses throw it +heavenward before tlie ej^es of Pharaoh. + +9 And it shall become small dust over all +the land of Egypt, and shall become upon +man and beast an inflammation,'' producing +toils, throughout all the land of Egypt. + +10 And they toolv the soot of the furnace, +and stood before Pharaoh ; and Moses threw +it up heavenward ; and it jjecame an infiam- +mation, producing boils, upon man, and upon +beast. + +11 And the magicians could not stand be- +fore Moses because of the inflammation ; for +the inflammation was upon the magicians, +and upon all the Egyptians. + +12 And the Lord hardened the heart of +Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; +as the Lord had spoken unto Moses. + +13 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise +up early in the morning, and place thyself +before Pharaoh, and say unto him. Thus hath +said the Eternal, the God of the Hebrews, +Let my people go, that they may serve me. + + +" a red swelling in the skin,' +boils. + + +which speedily prnducod + + +75 + + +EXODUS IX. X. BO. + + +14 For at this time I send all" my plagues +against thy heart, and against thy servants, +and against thy people; in order that thou +mayest know that there is none like me on +all the earth. + +15 For even now I might have stretched +out my hand, and I might have smitten thee +and thy people with the pestilence; and thou +wouldst have been cut off from the earth ; + +16 But for this cause have I allowed thee +to remain, in order to show thee my power; +and in order that they may proclaim my +name throughout all the earth. '=^ + +,17 If thou dost yet wantonly oppress my +people, so as not to let them go : + +18 Behold, then will I let rain, about this +time to-niuri-ow. a very grievous hail, the like +of whicli h.'itli not been in Egypt since the +day of its iuundatiun even until ncnv. + +19 And now send, and bring under shelter +thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field ; +(for) every man and beast that shall be found +in the field, and shall not be brought mto the +house, upon them shall the hail come dowij, +and they shall die. + +20 He that feared the word of the Lord +among the servants of Pharaoh made his +servants and his cattle flee into the houses : + +21 And he that regarded not the word of +the Lord left his servants and his cattle in +the field. + +22 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, +Stretch forth thy hand toward heaven, and +there shall be hail in all the land of Egypt, +upon man, and upon beast, and upon every +herb of the field, in the land of Egypt. + +23 And Moses stretched forth his staff to- +ward heaven ; and the Lord sent thunder and +hail, and the fire ran down to tlie ground; +and the Lord rained hail upon the land of +Egypt. + +21 And there was hail, and fire was flam- +ing up amidst the hail, very grievous, the +like of which had not laeen in all the land of +Egypt, since it had become a nation. + +25 And the hail smote throughout all the +land of Egypt all that was in the field, both + + +• "All my roiiiaiiiiiig plagues," Anilieira, wlio refers to a +similar construction in Exodus x.xix. 12, where mn Sj +"all the blood" relates to that which was left after the +sprinkling spoken of in the beginning of the verse. + +"" At first when Moses .spoke in the name of the new +Deity, " The Eternal, the God of the Hebrews," Pharaoh +did not recognise Him; but now under the weight of + + +man and beast; and every herb of the field +did the hail smite, and every tree of the field +did it break. + +26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the +children of Israel were, there was no hail. + +27 And Pliaraoh sent, and called for Moses +and Aaron, and he said unto them, I have +sinned this time ; the Eternal is the righte- +eous,'' and I and my people are the wicked. + +28 Entreat the Lord that there may be no +more of the thunders of God, and hail ; and I +will let you go, and ye shall no longer stay here. + +29 And Moses said unto him. As soon as I +am gone out of the city, I will spread out my +hands unto the Lord: the thunders shall +cease, and the hail shall not l^e any more ; in +order that thou mayest know liow that to the +Lord belongeth the earth. + +30 But as for thee and thy servants, I +know tliat ye are not yet afraid before the +Lord God. + +31 And the flax and the barley were smit- +ten ; for the barley was in the ear, and the +flax was boiled. + +32 But the wheat and the millet were not +smitten ; for they are late-ripening.''' + +33 And Moses went away from Pharaoh +out of the city, and spread out his hands inito +the Lord: and the thunders and hail ceased, +and the rain was not poured out upon the +earth. + +'' 34 And when Pharaoh saw that the rain +and the hail and the thunders had ceased, he +sinned yet farther, and hardened his heart, he +and his servants. + +35 And the heart of Pharaoh remained +hardened, and he did not let the children of +Israel go; as the Lord had spoken by the +hand of Moses. + +Ilaphturah in Ezckiel xxviii. 25 to xxi.x. 21. + + +SECTION XV. BO, N3. +CHAPTER X. + +1 *(\ And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in +unto Pharaoh ; for I have hardened his heart, +and the heart of his servants, in order that I + +affliction, he acknowledged Him, his justice, and his own +wickedness and the sins of the Egyptians ; hence also, not +p'lX "righteous," but the emphatic pnvn "the right- +eous," r. e., in the contest then going on, God was the +party who had justice on his side, whilst Pharaoh and his +people were those in the wrong. For the meaning of the +word ),'W\ in this sense, see above, ii. 13. + + +EXODUS X. BO. + + +might display these my signs in the midst +ol' tht'iii :'■ + +2 And in order that thon mayest tell in the +cars of thy son, and of thy son's son, the +wonders which I have wrouglit^' in Egypt, and +my signs -which I have shown among tliem; +and ye shall know how that I am the Lord. + +3 And Moses and Aaron came in nnto +Pharaoh, and said unto him. Thus saith the +Eternal, the God of the Hebrews, H(jw long +yet wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before +me ? let my people go, that they may serve me. + +4 For, if thou refusest to let my people go, +behold, 1 will l)ring to-morrow locusts into +thy boundary. + +5 And the}' shall cover the face" of the +earth, so that one shall not be able to" see the +earth ; and they shall eat the residue of that +which escaped, which hath been left unto +you from the hail, and they shall eat oft' +every tree which groweth for you out of the +field: + +6 And thy houses, and the houses of all +thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyp- +tians shall be full of them; such as neither +thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, +since the day of their being upon the earth, +until this day ; and he turned himself, and +went out from Pharaoh. + +7 And the servants of Pharaoh said unto +him. How long shall this :uau be unto us for +a snare ? let the men go, that they may serve +the Lord their God: kuowest thou not yet +that Egypt is destroyed ? + +8 And Moses was brought back with Aaron +unto Pharai^li ; and he said unto them. Go ye, +serve the Lord }our God ; who all are they +that shall go? + +9 And Moses said. With our young and +with our old will we go; with our sons and +with our daughters, with our Hocks and with +our herds will we go; for we are to h(.ild a +feast unto the Lord. + +10 And he said unto them. So Ije the Lord +with you, as I will let you go, together w4th + +' Hob. "Of hiin," I'liaranli the king standiug for the +whole people. + +'' After Onkelos. Arnheim renders, " how I have +proved myself working miracles." + +° "i' (eye) here remU-red "face"' should be given with +"the view," or "colour;" but the sense is after all the +same. + +'' " Look, for the wrong yuu purpose to do is before + + +your little ones: look, surely your intentions +are evil.'' + +11 Not so; go uow ye men," and serve the +Lord, for this you desire: and tlie^- werv; +driven out from Pharaoh's presence.''' + +12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch +out thy liand over the land of Egypt for the +locusts, and they shall come up over the land +of Egypt, and eat every herb of the earth, ;\\\ +that'the hail hath left. + +13 And Moses stretched ibrth his stall +over the land of Egypt, and the Lord urged +an east wind over the laud all that day, and +all the night; when it was morning, the east +wind bore along the locusts. + +14 And the locusts went uj) over all the +land of Egypt, and rested in all the bounda- +ries of Egypt; in very large masses; before +them there were no such locusts as they, and +after them there will not be any such. + +15 And they covered the face of the whole +earth, so that the earth was darkened; and +they ate every herb of the land, and all the +fruit of the trees which the hail had left : ;uid +thei'e was not left any green thing on the +trees, or on the herbs of the field, throughout +allth.o land of Egypt. + +10 Then made Pharaoh haste to ctdl for +Moses and Aaron ; and he said, I have s-inned +against the Lord your God, and against you. + +17 And now forgive, I pray thee, my sin +only this once, and entreat the Lord your +God, that lie may take away from me or.ly +this death. + +18 And he went out from Pharaoh, and +entreated the Lord. + +11) And the Lord turned a very strong +west wind, whicli bore away the locusts, +and cast them into the Eed Sea; there was +not left one locust in all the boundar}- of +Egypt. + +20 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, +so that he did not let the children of Isrtiel go. + +21 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch +out thy hand toward heaven, and there shall + +your face to testify against you." — Okkelos. Literally +it is thus : " See, for evil is before your face." + +" It is evident that Pharaoh in temporizing with Mo.ses +about the dismis.^al of the Israelites, had all along the +idea of letting them go but a short distance, after which +they should return ; hence he averred that the children +were of no use for such an expedition, and be therefore +desired to retain them, as ho.stages for the return of the +fathers. + +77 + + +EXODUS X. XL XII. 130. + + +be darkness over the land of Egypt, and it +shall be a darkness of the night." + +22 And Moses stretched forth his hand to- +ward heaven ; and there was a thick darkness +in all the land of Egypt three days : + +23 They saw not one another, neither did +they rise, any one from his place, for three +days; but for all the children of Israel there +was light in their dwellings.* + +2-4 And Pharaoh called for Moses, and +said. Go ye, serve the Lord ; only your flocks +and your herds shall remain behind: also +your little ones may go with you. + +25 And Moses said, Ev^en thou also must +give into our hand sacrifices and burnt^oifer- +ings, that we may sacrifice (them) unto the +Eternal, our God. + +26 And also our cattle must go with us, +there shall not be left behind a single hoof, +for thereof must we take to serve the Lord +our God; and we cannot know with what +we must serve the Lord, until we come +thither. + +27 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, +and he would not let them go. + +28 And Pharaoh said unto him. Get thee +away from me; take heed to thyself, see my +face no more ; for on the day thou seest my +face thou shalt die. + +29 And Moses said, Tliou hast spoken well, +I will not see thy face again any more. + +CHAPTER XI. + +1 *[[ And the Lord said unto Moses, Yet one +plague more will I bring upon Pharaoh, and +upon Egypt; after that he will let you go +hence: when he doth let you go, he shall +surely thrust you out altogether from here. + +2 Speak now in tlie ears of the people, and +let them ask every man of his neighbour, and +every woman of her neighbour, vessels of +silver, and vessels of gold. + +3 And the Lord gave the [)eople favour in +the eyes of the Egyptians; also the man +Moses'' was very great in the land of Egypt, + + +" Accordiug to Raslii, who renders tyo'l ;is k^dn'T and +explains " tlicrc shall (^omc over tlicni a darkness thicker +than that of the night, and the darkness of the night +shall continue into the Inllowing days." From cmedi, +"yesterday;" henee td remain over from the yesterday. + +'' Although above, eliap. x. 7, the servants of Pharaoh +sailed Moses "the snare" of Egypt, they eould not avoid +honouring the man who was so signally favoured by the +God of Israel, wliose jxiwcr (licy had felt. +78 + + +in the eyes of Pharaoh's servants, and in the +eyes of the people.* + +4 Tl And Moses said, Thus hath said the +Lord, About midnight will I go out in the +midst of Egypt: + +5 And there shall die every first-born in +the land of Egypt, from tlie first-born of Plui- +raoh that is° to sit upon his throne, even unto +the first-born of the maid-servant that is be- +hind the mill ; and every first-born of cattle. + +G And there shall be a great cry through- +out all the land of Egypt, the like of which +hath never been, and the like of which will +not be any more. + +7 But against any of the children of Israel +not a dog shall move'' his tongue, neither +against man nor beast; in order that ye may +know how that the Lord doth distinguish be- +tween the Egyptians and Israel. + +8 And all these thy servants shall come +down unto me, and bow themselves down +unto me, saying. Get thee out, and all the +people that followeth thee;'' and after that I +will go out: and he went out from Pharaoh +in a burning auger. + +9 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Pha- +raoh will not hearken unto you; in order that +my wonders may be multiplied in the land of +Egypt. + +10 And Moses and Aaron did all these +wonders before Pharaoh; and the Lord har- +dened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the +children of Israel go out of his land. + +CHAPTER XII. + +1 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, + +2 This month shall be unto you the chief +of months : the first shall it be unto 30U of +the months of the year. + +3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of +Israel, saying, On the tenth day of this month +they shall take to themselves every man a +lamb for every family,^ a lamb for every +house : + + +' "Who in future is to sit upon the throne of his king- +dom."— Onkklos. + +'' Heb. "sharpen," "point," indicative of the motion +and appearance of the dog's tongue in barking. + +° llob. "That is at thy feet," meaning, that follows +where the prophet leads. + +' ('. c. A family divided in several households. Hebrew, +"house of fatlier," or those springing frcun one an- +cestor; :iN n'3 is a subdivision of nniity:3, "main family." + + +EXODUS XII. BO. + + +4 And if the household be too ymall for a +lamb, then shall he take it with his iieigh- +boiu- who is next unto his house, according to +the number of the souls; every man accord- +ing to wliat he eateth shall ac make a count +for the lamb. + +5 A lamb without blemish, a male of the +first year shall ye have; from the sheep, or +from the goats may ye take it. + +6 And ye shall have it in keeping until +the fourteenth day of tlie same month; and +then the whole assembly of the congregation +of Israel shall kill it toward evening." + +7 And they shall take of the blood, and +put it on the two side-posts and on the upper- +door-post, in the houses, wherein thej^ shall +eat it. + +8 And they shall eat the flesh in that +night, roasted by the fire, witli unleavened +bread; together with bitter herljs shall the}- +eat it. + +9 You shall not eat of it raw, nor in any- +wise sodden with watei'; but roasted by the +fire; its head with its legs, and with its en- +trails.'' + +10 And ye shall not let any thing of it re- +main imtil morning; and that which remain- +eth of it until morning ye shall burn -with +fire. + +11 And thus shall 3'e eat it. With your +loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and +your staff in your hand ; and ^'e shall eat it +in haste, it is passover unto the Lord. + +12 And I will pass through the land of +Egj-pt in this night, and I will smite every +first-)x)rn in the land of Egypt, both man +and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt +will I execute judgments : I am the Lord.'' + +13 And the blood shall lie to you for a +token upon the houses where ye are; and +when I see the blood, I will pass over you; + +in the s.ame manner as this is in ivgard to la^B', "tribo." +n'3, "the household," or family in the narrow sense it +often has in P]nglish, is the smallest division. Several +households could thus unite to celebrate the Passover in +one domicile. This note must suffice to explain any vari- +ation in the version of the same words in the original +text, should any such occur hereafter. + +' Heb. "Between the two evenings," /. e. between the +time the sun begins to decline till sunset, or " the after- +noon," from the third hour, or the ninth after the Jewish +mode of computing time. This was the practice in the +Temple. + +'' After being washed as usual with sacrifices. (See +tixod. xxix. 17.) + + +and there shall be no plague against you to +destroy, when I smite (others) in the land of +Egypt. + +14 And this day shall be unto you for a +memorial; tind ye shall celebrate it as a feast +unto the Lord; throughout your generations, +as an ordinance for ever shall ye celebrate it. + +15 Seven days shall ye eat unlea\ened +bread ; but on the first day ye shall ha\-e put +away leaven out of your houses; for whoso- +ever eateth leavened bread, that soul shall be +cut oft' from Israel, from the first day until +the seventh day. + +16 And on the first day there shall be a +holy convocation, and on the seventh day- +there shall be a holy convocation to you; no +manner of work shall be done on them, save +what is eaten b}- every man, that only may +be prepared by yon. + +17 And ye shall observe the unleavened +bread; for on this selfsame day have I brought +forth your armies out of the land of Egypt ; +therefore shall ye observe this dny in your +generations as an ordinance for ever. + +18 In the first month, on the fourteenth +day of the month, at evening, shall ye eat im- +leavened bread, until the one and "twentieth +day of the month at evening. + +19 Seven days no leaven shall be found in +your houses; for whosoever eateth that which +is leavened, even that soul shall ))e cut oft" +from the congregation of Israel, whether he +be a stranger, or one born in the land. + +20 Nothing that is leavened shtiU ye eat; +in all your halntations shall ye eat unleavened +bread.* + +21 ]| And Moses called for all the elders +of Israel, and said unto them. Draw out and +take for yourselves lambs according to y^)ur +families, and kill the ^^assover sacrifice. + +22 And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, + + +" This vor.se is well explained thus, "I am the Lord," I +myself will do this, and not through a messenger. It +must not be lost sight of that the punishment of the +Egyptians and the redemption of the Israelites were to be +as lessons, to both the parties affected thereby, of the +greatness and irresistible power of the Lord ; hence the +slaying of the first-born was effected without the media- +torial agency of Moses even as in the other plagues; and +as Pharaoh and his wise men relied ujion the power of +their idols, these too were overthrown in the night of +the deliverance of Israel, by Israel's God. "Judgment" +stands for "judicial decrees," or punishment. + +79 + + +EXODUS XII. BO. + + +and dijD in the blood that is in the basin, and +strike the lintel and the two side-posts with +the blood that is in the basin; and none of +vou shall go out from the door of his house +until the morning. + +23 And the Lord will pass through to +smite* the Egyptians; and when he seeth the +blood upon the lintel, and on the two side- +posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and +will not sutler the destroyer to come in unto +your houses to smite. + +24 And ye shall observe this thing, as an +ordinance for thee and for thy sons for ever. + +25 And it shall come to pass, when ye be +come iiito the land which the Lord will give +you, according as he hath promised, that ye +shall keep this service. + +26 And it shall come to pass, when your +children shall say unto you, What mean ye +by this service? + +27 That ye shall say. It is the sacrifice of +the passover unto the Lord, who passed over +the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, +when he smote the Egyptians, and our houses +he spared; and the people bent the head and +bowed themselves. + +28 And the children of Israel went away, +and did as the Lord had commanded Moses +and Aaron, so did they.* + +29 T[ And it came to pass at midnight, +that the Lord smote every first-born in the +land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh +that was to sit on his throne unto the first- +born of the captive that was in the dungeon ; +and all the first-ljorn of cattle. + +30 And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, +and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; +and there was a great cry in Egypt ; for there +was not a house where there was not some +one dead. + +31 And he called for Moses and Aaron by +night, and said, Rise up, get you forth from +among ray people, both ye and the children +of Israel; and go, serve the Eternal, as ye +have spoken.'' + +32 Also your flocks and your herds take, +as ye have spoken, and be gone; and bless +me also. + +33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon + + +" njjS literally "to plague." + +' "Let all be as ye have spoken, even the cattle ye +asked of mo for sacrilices take, and only pray for me, for +I too am iirst-born." — Kaswi. +80 + + +the people, to make haste to send them away +out of the land; for they said. We are all +dying. + +34 And the people took up their dough +before it was yet leavened, their kneading- +troughs beiug bound up in their clothes upon +their sliouklers. + +35 And the children of Israel had done ac- +cording to the word of Moses ; and they had +asked of the Egyptians vessels of silver, and +vessels of gold, and garments. + +36 And the Lord had given the people +favour in the eyes of the Egyptians, so tlaat +they gave unto them what they required; +and they emptied out Egypt. + +37' ^f And the children of Israel journeyed +from Ra'meses to Succoth, about six hundred +th(,)usand men on foot, beside children. + +38 And a mixed multitude also went up +with them; and flocks, and herds, a very +large amount of cattle. + +31) And they baked of the dough, which +they had l>rought forth out of Egypt, un- +leavened cakes, for it was not leavened; be- +cause they were thrust out of Egypt, and +could not tarry, neither had they prepared +any provisions for themselves. + +40 Now the time of the residence of the +children of Israel. Avhich they dwelt in Egypt, +was four hundred and thirty years. + +41 And it came to pass at the end of the +four hundred and thirty years, and it happened +even on the selfsame day, that all the armies +of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. + +42 A night to be observed" was this unto +the Lord to luring them out from the land of +Egypt: this is that night holy to the Lord, +to be observed Ijy all the children of Israel in +their generations. + +43 *i] And the Lord said unto Moses and +Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover : +No stranger shall eat thei'eof. + +44 But every man's servant that is bought +for money, when thou hast circumcised him, +then shall he eat thereof. + +45 A resident foreigner and a hired ser- +vant shall not eat thereof. + +46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou +shalt not carry forth aught of the flesh abroad + +" " Whiob the Lord watched and looked for to fulfil his +promise to bring them out of the land of Egypt," Eashi; +otber.s explain, "Tnwbifb be watched over the Israelites to +preserve them safe amidst the plague." + + +EXODUS XII. Xin. BESHALLACH. + + +3ut of the house ; and no Ijoue shall ye break [ +in it. + +47 All the congregation of Israel shall pre- ! +pare it. + +48 And when a stranger sojourneth with +thee, and will prepare the passover to the +Lord, let all his males be circumcised, and +then let him come near and prepare it, and +he shall be as one that is born in the +laud; but no uncircumcised person" shall eat +thereof. + +49 One law shall be to him that is home- +born, and unto the stranger that sojourneth +among you. + +50 And all the children of Israel did so; as +the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, +so did they. + +51 Tf And it came to pass on the selfsame +day, that the Lord did bring fortli the children +of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their +armies.* + +CHAPTER XIII. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, + +2 Sanctify unto me all the first-born, what^ +soever openeth the womb among the children +of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is +mine. + +3 And Moses said unto the people. Re- +member this day, on which ye came out from +Egypt, out of the house of slavery ; for by +strength of hand the Lord brought you out +from here: and no leavened bread shall be +eaten. + +4 This day go ye out, in the month +of Abib.^ + +5 And it shall be, when the Lord doth +brill"- thee into the land of tlie Canaanites, +and the Hittites, and the Emorites, and the +llivites, and the Jebusites, which he hath +sworn unto thy fathers to give unto thee, a +land flowing with milk and honey, that tliou +shalt perforin this service in this month. + +G Seven days shalt thou eat unleavened +bread, and on the seventh day shall be a feast +to the Lord. + +7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten these +seven days; and there shall not be seen ^vith +thee any leavened bread, neither shall there +be seen with thee any leaven in all thy boun- +daries. + +8 And thou shalt tell thy son on that day, + +* This includes even an uncircumcised Israelite. + + +saying. This is done for the sake of that which +the Lord did unto me when I came forth out +of Egypt. + +9 And it shall be unto thee for a sign upon +thy hand, and for a memorial between thy +eyes, in order that the law of the Lord may +be in thy mouth; for with a strong hand +hath the Lord brought thee forth out of +Egypt. + +lU And thou shalt keep this ordinance in +its season, from year to year. + +11 Tl And it shall be, when the Lord doth +bring thee into the land of tlie Canaanites, as +he hath sworn unto thee and to thy fathers, +and giveth it to thee, + +12 That thou shalt set apart all that open- +eth the womb unto the Lord; and every first- +ling that cometli of a beast which thou shalt +have, the males, shall Ijelong to tlie Lord. + +Id And every firstling of an ass shalt thou +I'edeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not re- +deem it, then shalt thou break its neck : and +all the first'born of man among thy children +shalt thou redeem.* + +14 And it shall be, when thy son asketli +thee in time to come, saying. What is this? +that thou shalt say unto him. By strength of +hand the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt, +out of the house of slavery ; + +15 And it came to i)ass, when Pharaoh +obstinately refused to let us go, that the Lord +slew all the first-born in the land (jf Egypt, +both the first>born of man, and the first-born +of beast; therefore do I sacrifice to the Lord +all that openeth the womb, being males; Init +all the first-born of my children must I re- +deem. + +16 And it shall be for a sign upon thy +hand, and for frontlets between thy eyes; +that Ijy strength of hand the Lord brought us +forth out of Egypt. + +Ilaphtorah in .Jeremiah xlvi. \?> to 27 + + +SECTION XVI. BESHALLACH, nSu'3. + +17 ^ And it came to pass, when Pharaoh let +the people go, that God did not lead them the +way through the land of the Philistines, lie- +cause it was near; lor God said. Lest perad- +venture the people repent when they see war, +and return to Egypt. + +18 But God led the people about, l)y the + +*■ The month in which the grain ripens iu Kirvpt. + +si' + + +EXODUS XIII. XIV. BESHALLACH. + + +way of the mlderness to the Red sea: aud +the children of Israel went up armed out of +the land of Egypt. + +19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph +with him; for he had caused the children of +Israel to swear, saying, God will surely visit +you, and ye shall then carry up my bones +away hence with you. + +20 And they took their journey from Suc- +coth, and encamped in Etham, at the edge of +the wilderness. + +21 And the Lord went before them by day +in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; +and by night in a pillar of fire, to give light +to them; that they might go by day and by +night : + +22 He took not away the pillar of cloud +by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from +before the people. + +CHAPTER XIV + +1 Tf And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that +they turn back and encamp before Pi-hachi- +roth, between Migdol and the sea; in front +of Baal-zephon ; opposite to this shall ye en- +camp hy the sea. + +3 And Pharaoh will say of the children of +Israel, They are entangled in the land, the +wilderness hath shut" them in. + +4 And I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, +that he shall follow after them; and I will get +myself honour on Pharaoh, and on all his +host ; and the Egyptians shall know that I +am the Lord; and they did so. + +5 And it was told to the king of Egypt +that the people had Hed;*" and the heart of +Pharaoh and of his servants was changed" +with respect to the people, and they said. +What is this which we have done, tliat we +have let Israel go from serving us? + +6 And he made i-eady his cliariot, and took +his people with him. + + +' Philippson traimlates, " The wilderne.ss is closed +against tlioiii," nn-aiiiiig, tliat they had not entered the pro- +]ier distriet to effect ihm escape, but were roaming about at +random without plan or concert I'hilippson contends +that his version is correct, because they liad n<3t yet entered +the wilderness. The word "entangled" used here must +be taken in the sense of " they had lost their way," near +I lie sea-shore, without the possibility of an egress, + +'■ "Was riiaming abnut." — I'mi-II'l'SdN. + +"■ "Turned against." — English version. +Hi + + +7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots, +and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains'^ +over every one of them. + +8 And the Lord hardened the heart of +Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and he pursued +after the children of Israel ; and the children +of Israel went out with a high hand.''' + +9 And the Egyptians pursued after them, +and they overtook them encamping by the +sea, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, +and his horsemen, and his army, beside Pi- +hachiroth, before Baill-zephon. + +10 And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the chil- +dren of Israel lifted up their eyes, and be- +hold, the Egyptians were marching after +them, and they were greatly afraid; and the +children of Israel cried out unto the Lord. + +11 And they said unto Moses, Is it because +there were no graves in Egypt, that thou +hast taken us away to die in the Avildemess? +what is this which tliou hast done to us, to +bring us forth out of Egypt ? + +12 Is not this the word that we spoke unto +thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we +may serve the Egyptians? for it is better for +us to serve the Egyptians than that we should +die in the wilderness. + +13 And Moses said unto the people. Fear +ye not, stand still, and see the salvation'" of +the Lord, which he will do for you to-day; +for as ye' have seen the Egyptians to-day, ye +shall not see them again any more for ever. + +14 The Lord will fight for jou, and ye +shall hold your peace.* + +15 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, +Wherelbre criest thou unto me? speak luito +the children of Israel, that they go forward ; + +IG But do thou lift up thy staft", and +stretch out thy hand over the sea, and divide +it; and the children of Israel shall go through +the midst of the sea on dry ground. + +17 And I, behold, I will harden the heart +of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them : +and I will get myself honour on Pharaoh, + + +^ "Those that fought in chariots upon all," Arnheim; +who translates ty'^tS', Shahlish, always in the same man- +ner. + +" " Deliverance," Onkelos. "Assistance," Mendels- +sohn, and others. + +' The word ityx has been rendered, after Onkelos, as +though it were ttyxD, "in the manner that;" in this seuse +the prophecy has been literally fulfilled, which wouli' not +be, if we render it, "the Egyptians whom ye see;" thnugb +Arnheim aud others translate in tlie last manner. + + +EXODUS XIV. XV. BESHALLACH. + + +and on all his host, on his chariots, and on +his horsemen. + +18 And the Egyptians shall know that I +am the LoKU, when I have got ni^yself honour +on Pharaoh, on his chariots, and on his horse- +men. + +19 And the angel of God, that went liefore +the camp of Israel, removed and went behind +them ; and the pillar of cloud removed from +before them, and stood behind them ; + +20 And it came between the camp of the +Egyptians and the camp of Israel ; and it was +a cloud and darkness (to the first), but it +gave light by night (to these) : and the one +came not near unto the other all the night. + +21 And Moses stretched out his hand over +the sea; and the Lord drove back the sea +with a strong east wind all that night, and +made the sea dry land, and the waters were +divided. + +22 And the children of Israel went into +the midst of the sea upon the dry ground : +and the waters were a wall unto them, on +their right hand, and on their left. + +23 And the Egyptians pursued, and went +in after them, all Pharaoh's horses, his chari- +ots, and his horsemen, to the midst of the +sea. + +24 And it came to pass in the morning +watch, that the Lord looked unto the camp +of the Egyptians with the pillar of fire and +of the cloud, and brought into confusion the +camp of the Egyptians ; + +25 And he took off the wheels of their +chariots, and caused tliem to move onward +with difficulty; and the Egyptians said, Let +us flee from the face of Israel ; for the Lord +fighteth for them against the Egyptians. "'■ + +26 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, +Stretch out thy hand over the sea,, and the +waters shall return over the Egyptians, over +their chariots, and over their horsemen. + +27 And Moses sti'etched forth his hand +over the sea, and the sea returned, when the +morning appeared, to its strength; while the +Egyptians were fleeing against it; and the +Lord o\'erthrew the Eg^'ptians in the midst +of the sea. + +28 And the waters returned, and covered +the chariots, and the horsemen with all the +host of Pharaoh that came after them into +the sea : there remained of them not even one. + +20 But the children of Israel walked upon +dry ground in the midst of the sea; and the + + +waters were vnito them a Avail on their right' +hand, and on their left. + +30 Thus the Lord saved Israel on that day +out of the hand of the Egyptians ; and Israel +saw the Egyptians dead upon the shore of +the sea. + +31 And Israel saw that great jwwer whicli +the Lord had shown on the Egyptians : and +the people feared the Lord, and they believed +in the Lord, and in Moses his servant. + +CHAPTER XV. + +1 Tl Then sang Moses and the children of +Israel this song unto the Lord, and thus did +they say, I will sing unto the Lord, for he +hath triumphed gloriously : the horse and his +rider hath he thrown into the sea. + +2 My strength and song is the Lord, and +lie is become my salvation : he is my God, +and I will declare his praise," the God of my +father, and I will exalt him. + +3 The Eternal is the lord of war ; the +Eternal is his name. + +4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his host +hath he hurled into the sea; and the chosen +of his captains are sunk in the Red Sea. + +5 The depths have covered them; they +went down to the bottom as a stone. + +G Thy right hand, 0 Lord, is Ijccome glori- +ous in power; tliy right hand, 0 IjORD, hath +dashed in pieces the enenu'. + +7 And in the greatness of thy I'xcellency +hast thou overthrown those that rose up +against thee; thou didst send forth thy wrath, +it consumed them as stuliljle. + +8 And with the breatli of thy nostrils the +waters were heaped up together, the floods +stood upright as a Mall ; congealed were the +depths in the heart of the sea. + +9 The enemy said, I will piu'sue. I will +overtake, I will divide the spoil; wry desire +shall be satisfied upon them ; I will draw my +sword, my hand sliall destroy them. + +10 Thou didst Ijlow with thy wind, the sea +covered them : they sunk as lead in mighty +waters. + +11 Who is like unto thee, 0 Lord, among +the mighty? who is like unto thee, glorious +in holiness, fearful in praises, doins wonders? + +12 Thou didst stretch out thy right hand, +the earth swallowed them. + +13 Thou leadest forth in thv kindness the + + +''Others trau.slatc, "I will builJ liim a liiiMtaliini." + + +EXODUS XV. XVI. BESHALLACH. + + +"people thou hast redeemed; thou guidest it +in tliy strength unto the habitation of tliy +lioliness. + +14 Nations hear it and tremble: sorrow +seizetli the inhabitants of Palestine. + +15 Then were troubled the dukes of Edom; +the mighty men of Moab, trembling seizetli +them ; faint-hearted'' become all the inhabit' +ants of Canaan. + +IG Fear and dread shall fall upon them; +by the greatness of thy arm they shall be still +as a stone : till thy people jJ^iss over, 0 Lord, +till this jjeople pass over, which thou hast +jjurchased. + +17 Thou wilt bring them, and plant them +on the mountain of thy inheritance, the place, +0 Lord, which thou hast wrought for thy resi- +dence, the sanctuary, 0 Lord, which thy +hands have established. + +18 Tlie Lord will reign for ever and ever. + +19 For the horse of Pharaoh went in with +his chariots and with his horsemen into the +sea, and the Lord brought again upon them +the waters of the sea; but the children of +Israel went on dry ground through the midst +of the sea. + +20 ^ Then took Miriam the prophetess, +the sister of Aaron, a timbrel in her hand; +and all the women went out after her with +timbrels and with dances. + +21 And Miriam began her song to them, +Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed +gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he +thrown into the sea. + +22 ^ And Moses caused Israel to depart +from the Eed Sea, and they went out into the +wilderness of Shur ; and they went three days +in the Avilderness, and found no water. + +23 And they came to Marah; but they +could n(jt drink the waters of Marali, for they +were bitter; therefore they called its name +Marah.^ + +24 And the people nun-mured against +Moses, saying. What shall we drink ? + +25 And he cried unto the Lord; and the +Lord showed him a tree, which he cast into +the waters, and the waters were made sweet : +there he made lor them a statute and an ordi- +nance, and there lie jiroved tln'iii. + +2G And he said, If thou wilt diligently + + +" Jjit. " Tliey are lueltcd," i. e. from fear. +'' Miirnh signitic-i " liit.tor." The thvdwing in of a tree +in tliu wak'r, to cure it, was another cvideiioc of the power + + +hearken to the voice of the Lord thy God. +and wilt do that which is right in his eyes, +and wilt give ear to his commandments, and +wilt keep all his statutes : I will put none of +those diseases upon thee, which I have brought +upon the Egyptians; for I the Lord am thy +jihysician.* + +27^ And they came to Elim, and there were +twelve wells of Avater, and seventy palm-trees : +and they encamped there by the water. + +CHAPTER XVI. + +1 And they took their journey from Elim, +and all the congregation of the children of +Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which +is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth +day of the second month after their departing +out of the land of Egypt. + +2 And the whole congregation of the chil- +dren of Israel murmured against Moses and +Aaron in the wilderness : + +3 And the children of Israel said unto +them, AVould to Gt)d that we had died by the +hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when +we sat by the tiesh-pot, when we ate bread to +the full ; for ye have brought us forth into +this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly +with hunger. + +4 ^ Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, +I will let rain for you bread from heaven ; +and the people shall go out and gather a cer- +tain pcn-tion every day, in order that I may +prove it, ^vhether it will walk in my law, or +not. + +5 And it shall come to pass, on the' sixth +da}', when they prepare what they shall lui\e +brought in, that it shall be twice as much as +they shall gather daily. + +6 And Moses and Aaron said unto all the +children of Israel, At evening, then shall ye +know that it is the Lord who hath brought +•you out from the land of Egy})t : + +7 And in the morning, then shall ^e see +the glory of the Lord; since he heareth your +nuirnnn-ings against the Lord; and what are +we, that ye should murmur against us? + +8 And Moses said, When the Lord giveth +you in the evening flesh to eat, and bread in +the morning to the full; since the Lord hear- +eth your murmurings ■which ye murnuir + + +of God to jiroducc an effect with means by no means ade- +quate ; nut that tliere wa.s any special power iu the wood +itself. + + +EXODUS XVI. BESIIALLACH. + + +against liiiii : — what are Ave then? not against +us are your murmurings, but against the Lord. + +9 And Moses said unto Aaron, Say vmto +all the congregation of the children of Israel, +Come near before the Lord; for he hath heard +your murmurings. + +10 And it came to pass, as Aaron was +speaking unto the whole congregation of the +children of Israel, that they turned round to- +ward the wilderness, and, behold, the glorj- +of the Lord appeared in the cloud.''' + +11 1[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +12 1 have heard the murmurings of the +childi'en of Israel: speak imto them, saying. +Toward evening ye shall eat llesli, and in the +morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye +shall know that I am the Eternal your God. + +13 And it came to pass, that at evening +the quails came up, and covered the camp; +and in the morning there was a layer of dew +round aljout the camp. + +14 And when the layer of dew was gone +up, behold, there Avas upon the face of the +wilderness something fine in grains, small as +the hoar-frost, on the ground. + +15 And Avhen the children of Israel saw +it, they said one to another. It is manna, for +they knew not Avhat it was ; and Moses said +unto them, This is the bread Avhich the Lord +hath given j^ou to eat." + +16 This is the thing which the L(«d hath +commanded, Gather of it eA'ery man according +to his eating; an omer for CAcry head, accord- +ing to the numljer of your persons that every +may hath in his tent, shall ye take. + +17 And the children of Israel did so; and +they gathered, some much, some little. + +18 And Avhen they measured it Avith an +omer, he that had gathered much had nothing +over, and he that had gathered little had no +lack : every man according to his eating, had +they gathered. + +19 And Moses said, Let no man leave of +it till the morning. + + +' Mendelssohn, after some authorities, renders xin p +like ,sin no with " What is this ;" to -which Moses natu- +rally replies, " This is the bread," &c. But as we have +no warrant to substitute p for nn, the word has been left +as it appears at first view, "It is manna," which Arnheim +thus explains: The Israelites were acquainted with the +Arabic manna, and called this new product therefore, from +its similarity, by the same term ; either because the}' +know no better name, or because they thought it identical. + + +20 But they hearkened not unto Moses; +but some men left of it until morninoi:, and it +l)red Avorms, and stank; and Moses Avas Avroth +Avith them. + +21 And so they gathered it e\-er\' morning, +every man according to his eating; and Avhen +the sun Avaxed hot, it melted. + +22 And it came to pass on the sixth day, +that they gathered tA\'of(>ld bread, tA\'o omers +lor every one; and all the rulers of the con- +gregation came and told it to Moses. + +23 And he said unto them, This is Avhat +the Lc»rd hath spoken, A rest, a holy rest is +unto the Lord to-morroAA- : that Avliich ye Avill +Ijake bake to-day,'' and Avhat ac Avill seethe +seethe to-day; and all the remainder lay up +for you to be kept until the morning. + +24 And they laid it uji till the morning, as +Moses had bidden; and it did not stink, nor +Avas there any worm therein. + +25 And Moses said. Eat it to-da^-; for a +sabbath" is this day unto the Lord : to-daA' ye +Avill not find it in the field. + +26 Six days shall a'c gather it; but on the +seventh day, the sabbath, on it there shall be +none. + +27 And it came to pass on the seventh +day, that there Avent out some of the people +to gather ; but they found nothing. + +28 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, IIoav +long refuse ye to keep my commandments +and my laws ? + +29 See, that the Lord hath given you the +sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth +day bread for tAvo days; remain ye, every +man in his place, let no man go out of his +place on the seA'enth day. + +30 So the people rested on the seventh day. + +31 And the house of Israel called the name +thereof Manna, [Man] ; and it Avas like cori- +ander-seed, Avhite, and its taste Avas like +Avafers made AA'ith lioney. + +32 And Moses saitl, This is the thing +Avhicli the Lord hath commanded. One omer- +full of it is to be kept for your generations ; in + + +Moses, however, corrected their opinion, by saying that it +was a miraculous gift of God. Kashi gives it, " This is a +preparation of food." + +'' The word " to-day" is not in the Hebrew, but it is +implied in the impcratu-e 13N &c., which form always +refers to the action which is to be performed at once. Tlie +present version is after Onkelos and Rashi. + +" Properly, shaUiath, "a rest," from roiy, aliahotli, "to +cease;" hence "to refrain from labour," "to rest." + +85 + + +EXODUS XVI. XVII. XVIII. YITHRO. + + +order that they may sec the bread which I +gave you to eat in the wilderness, when I +brought you forth out of the land of Egypt. + +33 And Moses said unto Aaron, take a +flask, and put therein an omer-full of manna, +and lay it up before the Lord, to be kept for +your generations. + +34 As the Lord had eommanded Moses, so +did Aaron lay it uj) before the Testimony, to +be kept. + +35 And the children of Israel ate the +manna forty years, until they came to an in- +habited land ; the manna they did eat, until +they came unto the borders of the land of +Canaan. + +36 But the omer" is a tenth part of an +epliah.* + +CHAPTER XVII. + +1 ^ And all the congregation of the children +of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of +Sin, after their journeyings, by the order of +the Lord; and they encamped in Rephidim, +and there was no water for the people to +drink. + +2 And the people quarrelled with Moses, +and said. Give us water that we may drink; +and Moses said unto them, Why will ye +quarrel with me? why will ye tem2:)t the +Lord ? + +3 And tlie people thirsted there for water ; +and the people murmui'ed against Moses, and i +said, For what purpose is it that thou hast +brought us up out of Egypt, to kill me'' and +my cliildren and my cattle with thirst? + +4 And Moses cried unto the Lord, saying, +What shall I do unto this people ? but little +is wanting and they will stone me. + +5 And the Lord said unto Moses, Pass on +before the people, and take with thee some of +the eldei's of Israel ; and thy staff', wherewith +thou smotest the river, take in thy hand, and + +6 Behold, I will be standing before thee +there upon the rock at Horeb ; and thou shalt +smite the rock, and there shall come out from +it water, and the people shall drink; and + + +' The contents of an cphah is said by rabbinical autlio- +rity to bo i-Vl ogg.s; consequently an omeris43J (fowl's) + +>-'gg«- + +'' Tlic lingular is iisrd here, as in otlier ]>hices, to denote + +probably tliat one spoke for the conununity. So also in +tJenosia xxiii. G, " Hear us, my lord." +86 + + +Moses did so before the eyes of the elders of +Israel. + +7 And he called the name of the place +Massali" and Meribah ; because of the quarrel- +ling of the children of Israel, and because +they tempted the Lord, saying. Is then the +Lord among us, or not ? + +8 ^ Then came Amalek, and fought Avith +Israel in Rephidim. + +9 And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose for +us men, and go out, fight Avith Amalek ; to +morrow I will stand on the top of the hill with +the staffs of God in my hand. + +10 And Joshua did as Moses had said to +him, to fight Avith Amalek; and Moses, Aaron, +and Chur Avent up to the top of the hill. + +11 And it came to pass, Avhen Moses held +up his hand, that Israel prevailed : and when +he let doAvn his hand, that Amalek pre\'ailed. + +12 But Avhen the hands of Moses became +heavy, they took a stone, and put it under him, +and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Chur suj> +ported his hands, one on one side, and the +other on the other side; and his hands were +steady until the going doA\'n of the sun. + +13 And Joshua discomfited Anmlek and +his people Avith the edge of the sAvord.* + +14 ^\ And the Lord said unto Moses, Write +this for a memorial in the Ijook,'' and rehearse +it in the ears of Joshua; for I Avill utterly +);)lot out the remembrance of Amalek from +under the heavens. + +15 And Moses built an altar, and called its +name Adonaij Nisi-y [The Lord is my Banner]. + +16 And he said. Because'' the Lord hath +sworn on his throne, that the Lord will have +Avar Avith Amalek from generation to geftera- +tion. + +Ilaphtorah in -Judges iv. 4 to v. 31. The Portuguese com- +mence at V. 1. + + +SECTION XVIL YITHRO, Tin'. + +CHAPTER XVin. + +1 ]| And J ithro, the priest of Midian, Moses' +father-in-laAv, heard all that God had done + +° " Tempting and quarrel," from noj " to prove, to +tempt," and 311 "to contend, to quarrel." + +■^ The book of the Records of Israel, wherein doubt- +lessly all the occurrences of the nation bad been preserved. + +' Arnheim, after Ralbag, (quoted in the name of his +father,) renders, "Yea the hand on the throne of Yuh (is +stretched out) for a war with Amalek," &c. + + +EXODUS XVITI. YITIIRO. + + +for Moses, and for Israel his people, that the +Lord had brought forth Israel out of Egypt. + +2 Then took Jithro, the fiither-in-law of +Moses, Zipporah, the wife of Moses, after he +had sent her back, + +3 And her two sons ; of whom the name of +the one was Gershom; for he said, I have +been a stranger in a foreign land : + +4 And the name of the other was Eliezer;-'' +for the God of my father was my help, and +delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh. + +5 And Jithro, the father-in-law of Moses, +came with his sons and his wife unto Moses, +unto the wilderness, where he was encamped +at the mount of God. + +6 And he sent word unto Moses, I thy +father-in-law Jithro am coming imto thee, +with thy wife, and her two sons with her. + +7 And Moses went out to meet his father- +in-law, and bowed hims'elf, and kissed him; +and they asked each other after their welfare ; +and they went into the tent. + +8 And Moses told his fathei'-in-law all +which the Lord had done unto Pharaoh and +to tlie Egyptians on account of Israel ; all the +hardship which had come upon them by +the way, and how the Lord had delivered +them. + +9 And Jithi'o rejoiced over all the goodness +which the Lord had done to Israel, that** he +had delivered it out of the hand" of the +Egyptians. + +10 And Jithro said. Blessed be the Lord, +who hath delivered you out of the hand of +the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pha- +raoh, w'ho hath delivered the people from un- +der the ha«d of the Egyptians. + +11 Now I know that the Eternal is great +above all gods ; for b}' the very thing wherein +they sinned presumptuously 'was punishment +brought upon them.'' + +12 And Jithro, the father-in-law of Moses, + +' From El, " God," and rr.er, " help." + +^ Onkelos renders '\tsv. with "who had," &c., referring +to the antecedent " Lord." + +" T " Hand," has several significations iu Hebrew : first, +the hand itself; then, "power," as in this instance; or +"means," (as in Esodus ix. 35,) "As the Lord had +spoken through the hand of Moses ;" " a fixed place, the +margin of a river," (Exodus ii. 5,) and " portion," "share," +"claim," (2 Samuel xix. 44,) &e. + +'' After Onkelos. Rashi adds, " They endeavoured to +destroy the Israelites by water, and they were lost iu +water." Philippson renders, " namely therein whereby +ihey had sinned against them," meaning that God's su- + + +ofiered a burnt-oifering and sacritices unto +God; and Aaron came, with all the elders of +Israel, to eat bread with the fother-in-law of +Moses, before God.* + +13 And it came to pass on the morrow, +that Moses sat to judge the people; and the +people stood around Moses from the morning +unto the evening. + +14 And the father-in-law of Moses saw all +that he did to the people; and he said, Wliat +is this thing that thou doest to the people ? +why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the +people standeth around thee from morning +until evening? + +15 And Moses said unto his lather-in-law. +Because the people cometh unto me to inquire +of God. + +16 When they have a matter of dispute, +they come unto me; and I judge between one +and the other, and I make them know the +statutes of God, and his laws. + +17 And the father-in-law of Moses said +unto him. The thing that thou doest is not +good. + +18 Thou wilt surely wear away, Ijoth thou, +and this people that is with thee; for the +thing is too heavy for thee; thou wilt not +be able to perform it by thj-self alone. + +19 Now hearken unto my voice, I will give +thee counsel, and ma}- God be with thee, Be +thou for the people a mediator" with God, +that thou mayest bring the causes unto God. + +20 And thou shalt explain to them the +statutes and the laws; and tliou shalt make +them know the way wherein they must walk, +and the work that they must do. + +21 Moreover, thou shalt select out of all the +people able men, such as fear God, men of +truth, hating (their own) gain ;^ and place +these over them, as rulers of thousands, rulers +of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of +tens. + +periority was displayed, since the Egyptians and their +gods prevailed not in the very acts of their presumptimi +agaiust Israel. The English version seems to have adopt- +ed in some degree the same view. Arnheim, after Aben +Ezra, renders "For he punished them because they had +acted wickedl}' toward them." + +" Meaning, that 3Ioses should represent the people with +God, hear what he teaches, and then instruct those who +had sent him. + +' This means, disintere.sted men, who in hearing causes +brought before them will decide without reference whe- +ther their own advantage be secured by their judgment +or not. + +87 + + +// + + +EXODUS XVIII. XIX. YITHRO. + + +22 And let them judge the people at all +times; and it shall be, that every great mat- +ter they shall Ijring unto thee, but every +small matter they shall judge themselves: so +shall it be easier for thee, when they shall +bear with thee. + +23 If thou wilt do this thing, and God +commandeth it thee, then wilt thou be able +to endure; and also the whole of this people +will come to its place in peace.* + +24 And Moses hearkened to the voice of +his father-in-law, and did all that he had +said. + +25 And Moses chose able men out of all +Israel, and placed them as heads over the +people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hun- +dreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. + +26 And they judged the people at all +times ; any difficult cause they brought unto +Moses, but every small cause they judged +themselves. + +27 And Moses dismissed his fiither-in-law ; +and he went his way unto his own land.* + +CHAPTER XIX. + +1 ^[ In the third month, after the children of +Israel were gone forth out of the land of +Egypt, the same day they came into the +wilderness of Sinai. + +2 For they had departed from Rephidim, +and they came to the desert of Sinai, and en- +camped in the wilderness; and Israel en- +camped there opposite the mount. + +3 And Moses went np unto God, and the +Lord called unto him from the mount, saying. +Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, +and tell the children of Israel : + +4 Ye" have yourselves seen wliat I have +done unto the Egyptians, and how I bore you on +eagles' wings,*" and brought you unto myself + +5 Now therefore, if you will truly obey ray +voice, and keep my covenant, then sliall ye +be unto me a peculiar treasure abo\'e all na- +tions; for all the earth is mine: + +6 And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of +priests, and a holy nation ; these are the words +which thou shalt speak unto the children of +Israel. + + +" The things which I have done to Egypt are not a +tradition among you or brought to your notice by messen- +ger or witness ; through many sins had they been guilty +before they injured you; but I did not punish them ex- +cept for your sake. — Rasiii. + +'' " As the eagle Ijears aloft his viiiiii;, over every obsta- + + +7 And Moses came and called for the elders +of the people, and laid Itefore them all these +words which the Lord had commanded him. + +8 And all the people answered unani- +mously, and said, All that the Lord hath +spoken will we do; and Moses returned the +words of the people unto the Lord. + +9 And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold, I +will come unto thee in a thick cloud, for the +sake that the people raaj hear when I speak +with thee, and that also in thee they shall +believe" for ever: and Moses told the words +of the people unto the Lord. + +10 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go unto +the people, and sanctify them to-day and to- +morrow, and let them wash their clothes. + +11 And they shall be ready against the +third day; for on the third day will the Lord +come down, before the eyes of all the people, +upon mount Sinai. * + +12 And thou shalt set bounds unto the +people, round about, saying, Take heed to +yourselves, that yc go not up into the mount, +nor touch the border of it; whosoever touch- +eth the mount shall surely be put to death. + +13 Yet not a hand shall touch him, but he +shall surely be stoned, or shot through ; +whether it be beast or man, it shall not live; +when the trumpet soundeth long, they'^ may +come up to the mount. + +14 And Moses went down from the mount +unto the people, and sanctified the people: +and they washed their clothes. + +15 And he said unto the people. Be ready +against the third day; approach not unto a +woman. + +16 And it came to j^ass on the third day +when it was morning, that there were thun- +ders and lightnings, and a heavy cloud was +upon the mount, and the voice of the cornet +was exceedingh' loud; so that all the people +that were in the camp tremljled. + +17 And Moses brought forth the people +out of the camp to meet with God ; and they +placed themselves at the foot of the mount. + +18 And mount Sinai smoked in every part, +because the Lord had descended upon it in +fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the + +cle, and carries them even across the sea, so have I brought +you safely through the sea, and you were not injured." — +DUBNO. + +° ■/. f. Have trust or confidence in the truth of his + + +mission. +" Abci + + +i-efers tins to Aaron, his sons and the elders + + +EXODUS XIX. XX. YITHEO. + + +smoke of a furnace, ard the whole mount +quaked greatly. + +19 And the voice of the cornet A\ent on, +and waxed louder and louder; Moses spoke, +and God answered him with a loud voice.* + +20 And the Lord came down upon mount +Sinai, on the top of the mount; and the Lord +called Moses up to the top of the mount, and +Moses went up. + +21 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go +down, charge the people, lest they break +through unto the Lord to gaze, and many of +them might perish. + +22 And the priests also, who come near +to the Lord, shall sanctify themselves; lest +the Lord break forth among them. + +23 And Moses said unto the Lord, The +people cannot come up to mount Sinai; for +thou hast charged us, saying. Set bounds +about the mount and sanctify it. + +24 And the Lord said unto him. Go, get +thee down, and then shalt thou come up, +thou, and Aaron with thee; but the priests +and the people shall not break through to +come up unto the Lord, lest he Ijreak forth +among them. + +25 So Moses went down unto the people, +and spoke unto them. + +CHAPTER XX. + +1 ][ And God spoke all these words, say- +ing, + +2^1 am the Lord thy God, who have +brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of +the house of slavery.'' + +3 Thou shalt have no other gods before +me. + +4 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any +graven image, or any likeness of any thing +that is in heaven above, or that is on the +earth beneath, or that is in the water under +the earth. + +5 Thou shalt not bow thyself down to + +' Heb. "House of servants" or "slaves," and means +simply the state of bondage or slavery. According to +Jewish opinions, "I am the Lord thy God" is the Jirst +conuuandment, and enjoins on us to believe in the Eter- +nal alone, as God and Creator, who manifested himself to +us when we were bondmen in Egypt, whence he redeemed +us through the great deeds he wrought in our behalf. +" Thou shalt have," &c. commences the second command- +ment. + +'' This means, "watchful of his glory, and unwilling to +1 anion idolatry." + +• "If the children hate me." — Rashbam. Onkelos +M + + +them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy +God am a jealous*" God, visiting the iniquity +of the fiithers upon the children, unto the +third and fourth generation of them that +hate" me; + +6 And showing mercy unto the thousandth +generation of them that love me, and keep +my commandments. + +7 T[ Thou shalt not take'' the name of tlio +Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not +hold him guiltless that taketh his name in +vain. + +8 ^ Remember the sabbath day to keep it +holy.^ + +9 Six days shalt" thou labour, and do all +thy work. + +10 But the seventh day is the sabbath in +honour of the Lord thy God ; on it thou shalt +not do any woi'k, neither thou, nor thy son, +nor thy daughter*, thy man-seivant, nor thy +maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger +that is within thy gates; + +11 For in six days the Lord made the +heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that +is in them, and rested on the seventh day; +therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, +and liallowed it. + +12 ^ Honour thy father and thy mother; +in order that tliy days may be prolonged +upon the land which the Lord thy God giv- +eth thee. + +13 Tf Thou shalt not kill. + +][ Thou shalt not commit adultery. +il Thou shalt not steal. +][ Thou shalt not bear false witness against +thy neighbour. + +14 ^ Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's +house. + +Tl Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, +nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, +nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is +thy neighbour's.* + +15 T[ And all the people perceived*^ the + + +paraphrases, "if the children persevere to sin after their +fathers." + +^ This means, that we shall not utter, "bear on our +lips," the blessed Name. — "Vain" includes hoth false /j/ +and itscUsslff. + +° Others render, "mayest," or "canst:" still the sense +is the same; meaning, that whatever labour is performed +must be done in the six week-days, to the exclusion of +the sabbath. + +' The Hebrew word D'NT from riNI " to see," is evi- +dently used here in the general sense, "to perceive," "tc +become aware of." + +80 + + +EXODUS XX. XXI. MISIIPAHTIM. + + +thunders, and the lightnings, and the sound +of the cornet, and the mountain smoking ; +and when the people saw it, they removed +trembling, and stood afar off. + +16 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou j +with us, and we will hear;" but let not God +speak with us, lest we die. + +17 And Moses said unto the people. Fear +not; for in order to prove you, did God come, +and in order that his fear may be before your +faces, that ye sin not. + +18 And the people stood afar off, and +Moses drew near unto the thick darkness +where God was.* + +19 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Thus +shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, Ye +have seen that from heaven I have spoken +with you. + +20 Ye shall not make any thing with me; +gods of silver, and gods of gold ye shall not +make unto yourselves. + +21 An altar of earth shalt thou make unto +me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt^ +offerings, and thy peace-offerings, thy sheep,^ +and thy oxen ; in every place where I shall +permit my name to be mentioned, I will come +unto thee, and I will bless thee. + +22 And if thou wilt make me an altar of +stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone; +for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast +polluted it. + +23 Neither shalt thou go up by steps upon +my altar, that thy nakedness be not laid open +thereon. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah vi. 1 to 13. The Germans read to vii. +6, and add ix. 5 and 6. + + +SECT. XVIII. MISHPAHTIM, D'LDGtTO. + +CHAPTER XXI. + +1 ^ And these are the laws of justice which +thou shalt set before them. + +2 If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years + + +' Onkelos gives, " We will accept," thus signifying +their willingness to follow what might be taught them in +the name of God, whose presence they feared henceforth +to cncounlcr. 15ut Moses, in accepting this trust, assured +them that the Lord's object in showing his glory, was +merely that they might always remember this scene and +Bin not. + +'' llashi regards " thy sheep and thy oxen" as an ex- +planation of the preceding words ; thus, " thy peace-offer- +ings of thy sheep and of thy oxen." +90 + + +"shall he serve; and in the seventh he shall +go out free for nothing. + +3 If he came in by himself, he shall go out +by himself; if he was the husband of a +woman, then shall his wife go out with +him. + +4 If his master should give him a wife, and +she bear him sons or daughters: the wife +and her children shall belong to her master, +and he shall go out by himself + +5 And if the servant should plainly say, I +love my master, my wife, and my children ; +I will not go out free : + +6 Then shall his master bring him unto +the judges, and he shall bring him to the +door, or unto the door-post; and his master +shall bore his ear through with an awl; and +he shall serve him till the jubilee." + +7 ]| And if a man sell his daughter for a +maid-servant, she shall not go out as the men- +servants go out. + +8 If she please not her master, to whom +he* hath assig-ned her, then shall he aid her +to be redeemed; unto a strange nation he +shall have no power to sell her, seeing he hath +dealt faithlessly with her. + +9 And if he should assign her unto his son, +then shall he do unto her after the right +of the daughters. + +10 If he take himself another wife, her +food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, +shall he not diminish. + +11 And if he do not these three things +unto her, then shall she go out free, without +money. + +12 ][ He that smiteth a man, so that he +die, shall surely be put to death. + +13 And if he did not lie in wait, but God +let it come into his hand, then will I appoint +thee a place whither he shall flee. + +14 ^f But if a man come presumptuously +upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile, +from my altar shalt thou take him, that he +may die. + + +"Lit. "for ever;" but servitude is hereafter (Levit. +XXV. 10) limited to the Juhike, which is accordingly the +eternity of bondage, beyond wliieh it could not exist. + +'' Arnheim makes the word "man" of verse 7, the +nominative of all the verbs in verse 8, and renders the +last, "since he acteth faithlessly by her;" meaning, in +case he sell her to a foreigner who cannot marry her, by +which she becomes a bondwoman, which the children of +Israel should never be. Tiiis is a strong proof of the high +esteem females enjoyed among the early Israelites. + + +KETURN OK MOSliS KROM IVlOUNX SIKAI. + + +EXODUS XXI. XXII. MISHPAHTIM. + + +15 Tl And he that smitotli his father, or +his mother, shall surely be put to death. + +16 ^[ And he that stealeth a man, and +selleth him, and he be found" in his hand, +shall surely be put to death. + +17 ^[ And he that curseth his father, or +his mother, shall surely be put to death. + +18 ][ And if men strive together, and one +smite the other with a stone, or with the fist, +and he die not, but keepeth his bed : + +19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon +his crutch, then shall he that smote him be +quit; only he shall pay for the loss of his +time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly +healed.''' + +20 ][ And if a man smite his servant or +his maid, Avith a rod, and he die under his +hand, it shall be surely avenged. + +21 Nevertheless, if he continue alive a day +or two, it shall not be avenged; for he is his +money. + +22 ][ If men strive, and hurt a woman +with child, so that her children depart from +her, and vet no farther mischief follow: he +shall be surely punished, (with a fine,) accord- +ing as the husband of the woman will lay +upon him; and he shall pay this by the +decision of the judges. + +23 And if any mischief follow, then shalt +thou give life for life, + +24 Eye for eye,'' tooth for tooth, hand for +hand, foot for foot, + +25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, +bruise for bruise. + +26 ^ And if a man smite the eye of his sei'- +vant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish, +he shall let him go free for the sake of his +eye. + +27 And if he strike out his man-servant's +tooth, or his maid-servant's tooth, he shall let +him go free for the sake of his tooth. + +28 \ If an ox gore a man or a woman, +that he die: then shall the ox be surely +stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but +the owner of the ox shall l^e quit. + +29 But if the ox ^vere wont to gore in time +past, and warning have been given to his + + +• If witnesses have seen that he has stolen and sold +him, and he was found before the sale. — Rashi, after +Sanhedrin, 85. + +*■ According to the laws as executed in Israel, (see +Baha Kama, viii. § 1,) this injunction was understood as +applying merely to make restitution in money for the in- +jury inflicted. That this exposition is strictly conform- + + +owner, and he hath not kept him in, and he +killeth a man or a woman: the o.x shall be +stoned, twid his owner also should of right be +put to death ; + +30 But there shall be laid on him a sum +of money in atonement, and he shall give the +ransom of his life whatsoever may be laid +upon him. + +31 If he gore a son, or gore a daughter, ac- +cording to this judgment shall be done unto +him. + +32 If the ox gore a man-servant or a maid- +servant, thirty shekels of silver shall he" give +to his master, and the ox shall be stoned. + +33 ^ And if a man open a pit, or if a man +dig a pit, and do not cover it, and an ox or +an ass fall therein: + +34 The owner of the pit shall make it +good, he shall make restitution in money unto +the owner thereof; and the de.ad beast shall +be his. + +35 \ And if one man's ox hurt the ox of +another, that he die : then shall they sell the +live ox, and divide his money; and the dead +ox also they shall divide. + +36 But if it be known that tne ox was +wont to gore in time past, and his o^vner hath +not kept him in : he shall surely pay ox for +ox; and the dead shall belong to him.'' + +37 \ If a man steal an ox or a sheep, and +kill it, or sell it: five oxen shall he restore +for one ox, and four sheep for one sheep. + +CHAPTER XXII. + +1 If a thief be found while breaking in, +and be smitten so that he die, there shall no +blood be shed for him. + +2 If the sun be risen upon him, there shall +be blood shed for him; he shall make full +restitution ; if he have nothing, then shall he +be sold for his theft. + +3 If the thing stolen be actually found in +his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or +sheep, he shall restore double.* + +4 ^ If a man cause a field or vineyard to +be eaten ofi', and he let his beasts enter, and +they feed in another man's field: with the + +able to the sacred test, can be proved from the passage, +Numbers xxxv. 31, "And ye shall not take a ransom for +the life of a miu'dcrer who is guilty of death," which +clearly means "from a murderer ye shall take no ransom, +but ye may do it from one who inflicts a wound only." + +" The owner of the ox. + +^ The English version ends hero chap. xxi. + +91 + + +EXODUS XXII. MISHPAHTIM. + + +Ijest of his own field, and with best of his own +vineyard, shall he make restitution. + +5 ^ If a fire break out, and meet wdth +thorns, so that stacks of corn, or the standing +corn, or the field, be consumed thereby, he +that kindled the fire shall surely make resti- +tution. + +6 ^ If a man do deliver unto his neigh- +bour money or vessels to keep, and it be +stolen out of the man's house : if the thief be +found, he shall pay double. + +7 If the thief l^e not found, then shall the +master of the house be brought unto the +judges, (to swear) that he have not stretched +out his hand against his neighboui''s goods. + +8 For all manner of trespass, for ox, for +ass, for lamb, for raiment, or for any manner +of lost tiling, of which he" can say, This is it, +before the judges shall come the cause of +both parties, and he, whom the judges may +condemn, shall pay double unto his neigh- +bour. + +9 ^ If a mau deliver unto his neighbour +an ass, or an ox, or a lamb, or any beast, to +keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, +no man seeing it : + +10 Then shall an oath of the Lord be lie- +tween them both, that he have not stretched +out his hand against his neighbour's goods; +and the owner of it shall accept this, and he +shall not make it good. + +11 But if it be stolen from him, he shall +make restitution unto the owner thereof. + +12 K it be torn in pieces, then let him +bring it as evidence ;'' that which was torn he +shall not make good. + +13 ][ And if a man borrow aught of his +neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner +thereof not being with it, he shall surely make +it good. + +14 But if the owner thereof be with it, he +shall not make it good ; if it be a hired thing, +the loss is included in its hire." + +15 ^ And if a man seduce a virgin that is +not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall +surely endow her to be his wife. + +* " The witness," »'. e. which he can identify. — Aben +Ezra. — From 6 to 8 is considered as rehiting to a case +where the goods arc left without cliarge for keeping; but +from 9 to 12 where hire is paid for the care required. + +''Compare with Amos iii. 12. Rashi and Onkelos: +" He shall bring witnesses." + +" Meaning, tiie owner can only claim the money agreed +upon for the hire, but no farther restitution. This ver- +92 + + +16 If her father refuse to give her unto +him, he shall pay money according to the +dowry of virgins. + +17 1[ Thou shaft not suffer a witch to live. + +18 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall +surely be put to death. + +19 ^ lie that sacrificeth unto any god, +save imto the Lord only, shall be utterly de- +stroyed. + +20 And a stranger thou shalt not vex, and +shalt not oppress him ; for strangers ye were +in the land of Egypt. + +21 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or father- +less child. + +22 If thou afflict him in anj' wise;"^ (for if +he cry at all unto me, I will surely hear his +cry:) + +23 My wrath shall wax hot, and I will +slay you with the sword; and your wives +shall be widows, and your children fatherless. + +24 ^ If thou lend money to my people, to +the poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as +a lender of money ; thou slialt not lay upon +him usury. + +25 If thou take at all thy neighbour's +raiment in pledge, thou shalt restore it unto +him by the time the sun goeth do'wn ; + +26 For it is his only covei'ing, it is his +raiment for his skin; wherein shall he sleej)? +and it shall come to pass, when he crieth +unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.* + +27 ^ The judges thou shalt not revile;" +and a ruler among thy people thou shalt not +curse. + +28 The first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy +liquors, shalt thou not delay to offer; the +first-born of thy sons shalt thou give unto +me. + +29 In like manner shalt thou do with thy +ox, Avith thy sheep; seven days it shall be +with its dam; on the eighth day thou shalt +give it me. + +30 And holy men shall ye be unto me: +and fiesh that is torn of beasts in the field, +shall ye not eat; to the dogs shall ye +cast it. + + +sion is according to Ben 'Uzziel and Mendelssohn; literally, +"it comes (in) with its hire." + +* Kashi regards this as an elliptical verse, thus : "If +thou afflict him, thou shalt surely be punished, because, +should he cry unto me, I will hear his cry." + +' " This is a prohibition both against blasphemy, and +cursing tin- judges who sit in the place of God to do +justice." — Hasiii, after Saiihedrin, 67. + + +EXODUS XXIII. xMISHPAHTlM. + + +CHAPTER XXIII. + +1 ^ Thou shalt not receive a false report : +put not thy hand with tlae wicked to be an +unrighteous witness. + +2 ][ Thou slialt not follow a multitude to +do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause, +to incline after many, to wrest judgment. + +o Neither shalt thou countenance a poor +man in his cause. + +4 ]y If thou meet thy enemy's ox or his ass +going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back +to him again. + +5 T[ If thou see the ass of him that hateth +thee lying under his burden, and wouldest for- +bear to unload him, (thou must not do so, but) +thou shalt surely unload with him.* + +G ][ Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of +thy poor in his cause. + +7 Kepp thyself far from a false speech ; and +him who hath been declared innocent and +rigliteous thou shalt not slay ; for I will not +justify the wicked. + +8 And thou shalt take no bribe ; for the +bribe blindeth the clear-sighted, and per- +verteth the words of the righteous. + +9 And a stranger slialt thou not oppress ; +for ye know well the spirit of the stranger, +seeing ye yourselves were strangers in the +laud of Egypt. + +10 And six years shalt thou sow thy land, +and shalt gather in the fruits thereof; + +11 But the seventh year shalt thou let it +rest and lie still ; that the needy of thy people +may eat (of it) ; and what they leave the +beasts of the field shall eat: in like manner +shalt thou deal with thy vineyard, and with +thy olive tree. + +12 Six days shalt thou do thy work, and on +the seventh day shalt thou rest ; that thy ox +and thy ass may repose, and the son of thy +hand-maid, and tlie stranger, may be refreshed. + +13 And in all things that I have said unto +you be on your guard; and of tlie name of +other gods ye shall make no mention, it shall +not be heard out of thy mouth. + +14 Three times shalt thou keep a feast +unto me in the year. + +15 The feast of unleavened bread shalt +thou keep; seven days shalt thou eat unlea- +vened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time +appointed of the month of Abib ; for in it thou +earnest out from Egypt: and none shall ap- +pear betore me empty. + + +16 And the feast of harvest, of the first- +fruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in +thy field : and the feast of ingathering, at the +conclusion of the year, when thou gatherest +in thy labours out of the field. + +17 Three times in the year shall all thy +males appear before the Lord, the Eternal. + +18 Thou shalt not ofler the blood of my +sacrifice with leavened bread;" neither shall +the fat of my festive sacrifice remain until +morning. + +19 The first of the first^ruits of thy land +shalt thou bring unto the house of the Lord +thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its +mother's milk.'-' + +20 ^ Behold, I send an angel before thee, to +keep thee on the way, and to bring thee unto +the place which I have jjrepared. + +21 Beware of him, and obey his voice, +disobey him not ; for he will not pardon your +transgression, because my name is in him. + +22 But if thou wilt carefully hearken to +his voice, and do all that I shall speak : then +will I be an enemy unto thy enemies, and af- +flict those that afflict thee. + +23 For my angel shall go before thee, and +bring thee in unto the Emorites, and the Hit^ +tites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, +the Hivites, and the Jebusites ; and I will cut +them off. + +24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, +nor serve them, nor do after their deeds ; but +thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and com- +pletely break down their statuary images. + +25 And ye shall serve the Lord your God, +and he will bless thy bread, and thy water; +and I will remove sickness from the midst of +thee.* + +26 ^ There shall be no one casting her +children, nor a barren woman, in thy land: +the number of thy days I will make full. + +27 My terror will I send Ijefore thee, and +will l)ring in confusion all the people to which +thou shalt come ; and I will make all thy ene- +mies turn their back unto thee. + +28 And I will send hornets before thee, +and they shall drive out the Hivite, the Ca- +naanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. + +29 I will not drive them out from Ijeforc +thee in one year ; lest the land become deso- + + +" This moans that the passover-lamh shall not he slain +on the fourteenth of the first mouth, till all the kaveu +has heen previously removed. + + +EXODUS XXIV. MISHPAIITIM. + + +late, and the beast of the field multiply against +thee. + +30 Little by little will I drive them out +from before thee, until thou be increased and +canst possess the land. + +31 And T will set thy bounds from the Red +Sea unto the sea of tlie Philistines, and from +the desert unto the river; for I will deliver +into your hand the inhabitants of the land, +and thou shalt drive them out before thee. + +32 Thou shalt not make a covenant with +them, nor with their gods. + +33 They shall not dwell in thy land, lest +they cause thee to sin against me ; for thou +mightest (be led* to) serve their gods, and this +would surely be a snare unto thee. + +CHAPTER XXIV. + +1 ][ And unto Moses he said. Come up un- +to the Lord, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and +Abihu, and seventy of the eldei's of Israel; +and ye shall bow yourselves down afar off. + +2 And Moses alone shall come near unto +the Lord, but they shall not come nigh; and +the people shall not go up with him. + +3 And Moses came and told the people all +the words of the Lord, and all the laws of +justice ;'' and all the people answered with +one voice, and said. All the words which the +Lord hath spoken will we do. + +4 And Moses wrote down all the words of +the Lord, and he rose up early in the morn- +ing, and built an altar at the foot of the +mount, and twelve pillars, according to the +twelve tribes of Israel. + +5 And he then sent the young men" of the +children of Israel, and they oifered burnt- +offerings, and sacrified peace-ofierings unto +the Lord, of oxen. + +6 And Moses took the half of the blood, +and put it in basins; and the (other) half of +the blood he sprinkled on the altar. + +7 And he took the book of the covenant, + +■Mendelssohn; Rashi, however, renders, "that thou +mightest serve their gods, which," &c. + +'' Those laws according to which judgment is to be +pronounced by the judges. The word D'OStyo in this +sense, is rendered in the English version "judgments," +which is the same used for □•□■Jiy, properly "judicial pu- +nishments." + +' "The first-born." — Onkelos and Eashi. + +'' "In the vision of prophecy." (See Isaiah vi. 1.) — +Abf.n Ezra. + +'' v'7jT nnni is correctly given by Arnlu'iui, " that +under his feet," i. c. the footstool, or, there where his +04 + + +and read in the hearing of the people ; and +they said. All that the Lord hath spoken will +we do and obey. + +8 And Moses took the blood and sprinkled +it on the people, and said, Behold the blood +of the covenant, which the Lord hath made +with you concerning all these wox'ds. + +9 Then went up Moses, with Aaron, Nadab, +and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel. + +10 And they saw* the God of Israel ; and +the place" imder his feet was like a paved +work of brilliant sapphire, and like the colour +of heaven in clearness. + +11 And against the nobles of the children +of Israel he stretched not forth his hand ; and +they saw (the glory of) God, and did eat and +drink.*^ + +12 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, come +up to me to the mount, and remain there: +and I will give thee the tables of stone, with +the law, and the commandment which I have +written, to teach them. + +13 And Moses rose up, and his servant Jo- +shua ; and Moses went up to the mount of God. + +14 .And unto the elders he said, Tarry ye +for us here, until the time we come again un- +to you; and, behold, Aaron and Chur are +with you, whoever may have an}^ cause to be +decided, let him come unto them. + +15 And Moses went up to the mount, and +the cloud covered the mount.''' + +16 And the glory of the Lord abode upon +mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six +days; and he called unto Moses on the seventh +day out of the midst of the cloud. + +17 And the aj^pea ranee of the glory of the +Lord was like a devouring fire on the toji of +the mount, before the eyes of the children of +Israel. + +18 And Moses went into the midst of the +cloud, and ascended the mount; and Moses +was on the mount forty days and forty nights. + +Haphtorah in Jeremiah xxxiv. 8-22 and xxxiii. 25, 20. + +feet rested. So also the Septuagint, jtoi ra vnii roi-s Ttoia; +avtov + +' Onkelos paraphrases this verse : " And unto the chiefs +of the children of Israel there happened no injury, and +they beheld the glory of God, and they rejoiced in the +favourable reception of their sacrifices, as though they ate +and drank," Dulmo, after Ramban : " They ate the peace- +ofi'erings before tiie altar, at the foot of the mount, and +they drank, making the occasion one of joy, and a holi- +day ; for it is a duty to rejoice at the reception of the law; +see also Deuteroiiuniy xxvii. 7, ' And thou shalt slay +peace-offerings, and eat lliem there.'" + + +EXODUS XXV. TERUMAH. + + +SECTION XIX. TERUMAH, HOnn. + +CHAPTER XXV. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, that +they may bring me an oflering;" from every +man whose heart prompteth him thereto shall +ye take my ofteriug. + +3 And this is the offering which ye shall +take from them : gold, and silver, and co^^per, + +4 And blue, and j^urple, and scarlet yarn, +and linen thread, and goats' hair, + +5 And rams' skins died red, and badgers' +skins, and shittim wood,"" + +6 Oil for lighting, spices for the anointing +oil, and for the incense of spices, + +7 Onyx stones, and stones for setting, for +the ephod, and for the breastplate. + +8 And the3' shall make me a sanctuary; +and I will dwell in the midst of them. + +9 In accordance with all that I show thee, +the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern +of all the instruments thereof, even so shall +ye make it. + +10 ][ And they shall make an ark of shittim +wood; two culjits and a half shall be its +length, and a cubit and a half its breadth, +and a cubJ-t and a half its height. + +11 And thou shaft overlay it ^vith pure +gold, within and without shalt thou overlay +it; and thou slialt make upon it a crown of +gold round about. + +12 And thou shalt cast for it four rings of +gold, and put them on the four corners +thereof; namely, two rings shall be on the +one side of it, and two rings on the other side +of it. + +13 And thou slialt make staves of shittim +wood, and overlay them with gold. + +14 And thou shalt place tlie staves into the +rings, upon the sides of the ark, that the ark +may be borne with them. + + +" nann, elsewhere given with " heave-offering," is ex- +plained bj' Rashi to mean " something separated from a +mass," and it saj's here, " they shall set aside for me from +their money a free-will offering." + +" Some render this word with "acacia wood," viz. that +of the Acacia arahica, which is said to be very durable, +light, but growing dark with age. The word is of Egyp- +tian origin. — After PlllLlprsoN. + +■^ The English version, after the Vulgate and Luther, +readers mgj with "mercy-seat," no doubt deriving the + + +15 In the rings of the ark shall the staves +remain ; they shall not be removed therefrom. + +16 And thou shalt put into the ark the +testimony which I will give unto thee.* + +17 And thou shalt make a cover'' of pure +gold ; two cubits and a half shall be its length, +and a cubit and a half its breadth. + +18 And thou shalt make two cherubim of +gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, +on the two ends of the cover. + +19 And make one cherub on the one end, +and the other cherub on the other end; from +the cover itself shall ye make the cherubim +on the two ends thereof + +20 And the cherubim shall be spreading +forth their wings on iiigh, overshadowing the +cover with their wings, with their faces turned +one to the other; toward the cover shall the +faces of the cherubim be directed. + +21 And thou shalt put the cover aljove +upon the ark; aud in the ark shalt thou put +the testimony which I will give unto thee. + +22 And I will meet with tliee there, and I +will speak with thee from above the cover, +from between the two cherubim which are +upon the ark of the testimony, all that which +I will command thee unto the children of +Israel. + +23 ^ Thou shalt also make a table of shittim +wood ; two cubits shall be its length, and a cubit +its breadth, and a cubit and a half its height. + +24 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, +and make thereto a crown of gold round about. + +25 And thou shalt make unto it a rim of +a hand's breadth round about ; and thou shalt +make a golden crown on its rim round about. + +26 And thou shalt make for it four rings +of gold, and thou shalt put the rings on the +four corners that are on its four feet. + +27 Close under the rim shall the rings be; +as receptacles for the staves, to bear the table. + +28 And thou shalt make the staves of shit- +tim wood, and overlay them with gold; and +the table shall be borne with them. + + +word from 1-33 "to pardon," thus: "The place whence +pardon is obtained." The Midrash Tancliuraa agrees +with this, saying, "Why was it called msD? because it +atoned for the sins niSDO of Israel." The Septuaginf +and Japheth (the last cjuoted by Aben Ezra) combine both +ideas, "the cover of atonement." Philippson translate.^ +accordingly with " SuhnpJaltc" Rashi, however, gives +it simply 'loj "cover." In the course of this work it is +probable that " mercy-seat" may be used — as a para- +phrase, however, not as a literal version of the word. + +Bo + + +EXODUS XXV. XXVI. TERUMAII. + + +29 Aud thou shalt make its dishes, and its +spoons, and its supporters," and its purifying +tubes, wherewith (the bread) is to be covered : +of pure gold shalt thou make them. + +00 And thou shalt set upon the table show- +bread Ijefore me always.* + +31 ][ Aud thou shalt make a candlestick'' +of pure gold : of beaten work shall the candle- +stick be made; its shaft, and its branches, its +bowls, its knobs, and its flowers, shall be out +of one piece with it. + +32 And six branches shall come out of its +sides; three branches of the candlestick out +of the one side, and three branches of the +candlestick out of the other side. + +33 Three bowls, almond-shaped, shall be +on one branch, with a knob and a flower; +and three bowls almond-shaped on the other +branch, with a knob and a flower: so on the +six branches that come out of the candlestick. + +34 And on the candlestick itself shall be +four bowls, almond-shaped, (with) its knobs +and its flowers. + +35 And there shall be a knob under the +two branches that come out of the same, and a +knob under the two branches that come out of +the same, and a knob under the two branches +that come out of the same; for the six +brandies that proceed out of the candlestick. + +36 Their knobs aud their branches shall be +out of one piece with it ; all of it shall be one +piece of beaten work of pure gold. + +37 And thou shalt make its seven lamps; +and when they light its lamps, it shall +give light toward the body of it. + +38 And its tongs, and its snufl-dishes shall +be of pure gold. + +39 Out of a talent of pure gold shall he" +make it, with all these vessels. + +40 And look that thou make them after +their pattern, which thou wast shown on the +mount.* + +CHAPTER XXVI. + +1 ][ The tabernacle also shalt thou make +of ten curtains, of twisted linen thread, aud + +° " The supporters" ai-e said to have been four stakes +of gohl standing upun the floor, two on each side of the +table; they were groiived so as to receive tlic "purifying +tubes," whicli wen; placed between one loaf of the show- +bread and the other, so as to admit of a fresh ])assage of +air between them ; others reverse the onhM-, and render, +"its tubes and its supporters." + +'' More correctly, "chandelier." +96 + + +blue, and purple, aud scarlet yum, \\ith che- +rubim, of weaver's'' work shalt thou make +them. + +2 The length of each curtain shall be eight +and twenty cubits, and the breadth of each +curtain four cubits: there sliall be one mea- +sure for all the curtains. + +3 Five of the curtains shall be coupled +together, one to another; and the other +five curtains shall be coupled, one to an- +other. + +4 And thou shalt make loops of blue on +the edge of the one curtain which is on the out- +side in the (one) coupling; and the like shalt +thou make on the edge of the curtain which +is the outmost iu the second coupling. + +5 Fifty loops shalt thou make on the one +curtain, and fifty loojjs shalt thou make on +the edge of the curtain that is in the second +coupling; the loops shall be fixed opposite +each'other. + +6 And thou shalt make fifty hooks of gold; +and thou shalt couple the curtains together +one unto the other with the hooks, and the +tabernacle shall thus be one piece. + +7 And thou shalt make curtains of goats' +hair for a tent over the tabernacle; eleven +curtains shalt thou make the same. + +8 The length of each curtain shall be tliirty +cubits, and the Ijreadth of each curtain four +cubits: there shall be one measure for the +eleven curtains. + +9 And thou shalt couple five of the cur- +tains by themselves, and six of the curtains +l^y themselves; aud thou shalt doul^le the +sixth curtain towiird the front side of the +tabernacle. + +10 And thou shalt make fifty loops on the +edge of the one curtain that is the outmost in +the (one) coupling, and fifty loops on the +edge of the curtain of the second coupling. + +11 And thou shalt make fifty hooks of cop- +per; and thou shalt put the hooks into the +loops, and couple the tent together, that it +may be one piece. + +12 And the part hanging over in the excess + + +° i. e. The unknown maker, whoever he may be. This +construction is very common in Hebrew. + +'' 3tyn "weaver," is here used in contradistinction to +□pi "the embroiderer." The figures in this instance were +to be woven in, while in the other they were to be wrought +with a needle, as the "embroiderer" does. The weaver is +called 3tyn from the fact that "thought" or "art" is re- +quired ta produce the figures in the loom ; therefore, per- + + +EXODUS XXVI. TERUMAH. + + +of the curtains of the tent," the half curtain +which is over, shall hang down over the back +part of the tabernacle. + +13 And the cubit on the one side, and the +cubit on the other side in the excess in the +length of the curtains of the tent, shall be +luiniiint!; down over the sides of the tabernacle +on this side and on that side, to cover it. + +14 And thou shalt make a cover for the +tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a cover of +badgers' skins above.'-' + +15 T[ And thou shalt make the boards for +the tabernacle of shittim wood, standing up. + +16 Ten cubits shall be the length of each +board, and a cubit and a half shall be the +breadth of each one board. + +17 There shall be two tenons for every +board, fitted in, one against the other: the +like shalt thou make for all the boards of the +tabernacle. + +18 And thou shalt make the boards for the +tabernacle: twenty boards for the south side, +on the right. + +19 And forty sockets of silver shalt thou +make" under the twenty boards ; two sockets +under the one board lor its two tenons, and +two sockets under the other board for its two +tenons. + +20 And for the other side of the tabernacle, +for the north side, there shall be twent}^ +boards ; + +21 And their forty sockets of silver; two +sockets under the one board, and two sockets +under the other board. + +22 And for the back wall of the tabernar +cle, westward, thou shalt make six boards. + +23 And two boards shalt thou make for +the corners of the tabernacle in the back +wall. + +24 And they shall be closely fitting to- +gether beneath, and they shall be closely + +baps, "artificial weaver;" German, " Kunstweber;" tbe +simple artisan is called jix. + +' Tbat is : wbat exceeds tbe lengtb of tbe former or +tabernacle curtains, they being but ten, wbilo tbe tent +curtains were eleven, or forty cubits against forty-four, +shall hang trailing down at the back of the tabernacle, +while the other half, or two cubits in breadth, was to +. be doubled over and hung down in the front, over the en- +trance curtain of the sacred structure, as a species of +festoon. + +^ Meaning: the boards were wrought so as to fit quite +smoothly, one to the other; and the upper end was cut in +about an inch from each border, through which a ring, or +clamp, was inserted to hold each two together. While + +N + + +joined together on the top by means of one +ring:'' thus shall it be for both of them; for +the two corners shall they be. + +25 And so they shall be eight boards, and +their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets: two +sockets under the one board, and two sockets +under the other board. + +20 And thou shalt make bars of shittim +wood: five, for the boards of the one side of +the tabernacle; + +27 And five bars for the boards of the +other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for +the Ijoards of the side of the tabernacle, for +the back wall, westward ; + +28 And the middle bar in the midst of the +boards, passing from the one end to the other +end. + +29 And the boards thou shalt overlay with +gold, and their rings thou shalt make of gold, +as receptacles for the bars; and tliou shalt +overlay the bars with gold. + +30 And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle, +according to the fashion thereof, which thou +hast been shown on the mount.* + +31 ^ And thou shalt make a vail of blue, +and purple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted +linen, of weavers' work shall it be made, with +cherubim. + +32 And thou shalt hang'' it upon four pillars +of shittim wood overlaid Avith gold; their +hooks also shall be of gold; upon four sockets +of silver. + +33 And thou shalt hang up the vail under +the hooks;' and thou shalt bring in thither +within the vail the ark of the testimony; and +the vail shall divide unto you between the +holy place and the holy of holies. + +34 And thou shalt put the cover upon the +ark of the testimony in the holy of holies. + +35 And thou shalt set the table without +the vail, and the candlestick over against the + + +thus tbe tops of the boards were firmly joined, the bars +next described were either inserted in the rings, on the +outside of the boards, or through their centre, tlius ren- +dering the temporary structure one of great firmness. + +■= Lit. "Thou shalt place." The same is also in v. 3.3. + +'' Above we are told that the curtains, forming what i.s +called the "tabernacle," should be coupled by means of +golden hooks. This work was thrown over the boards +after they were set up ; and as it rested over the front of +the sanctuary, the books of course were at tbe end of the +twentieth cubit thereof; consequently they divided the +tabernacle proper into two unequal parts : the one of +twenty cubits was tbe holy place; the other i if ten cubits, +beyond the vail, the holy of holies. + + +EXODUS XXVI. XXVII. XXVIll. TETZAVVEH. + + +talile on the side of the tabernacle, toward the +south; and the table thou shalt put on the +north side. + +36 And thou shalt make a hanging for the +door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and +scarlet .yarn, and twisted linen ; the work of +the embroiderer. + +37 And thou shalt make for the hanging +five pillars of shittim wood, and overlap- them +with gold, their hooks also shall be of gold; +and thou shalt cast for them five sockets of +copper.* + +CHAPTER XXVII. + +1 ^ And thou shalt make the altar of +shittim wood : five cubits long, and five cubits +broad, a foursquare shall the altar be, and +three cubits shall be its height. + +2 And thou shalt make its horns on its +four corners, from itself shall its boms be; +and thou shalt overlay it with copper. + +3 And thou shalt make its pots to receive +its ashes, and its shovels, and its basins, and +its forks, and its fire-pans ; all its vessels thou +shalt make of copper. + +4 And thou shalt make for it a grating, of +a network of copper; and thou shalt make +upon the net four rings of copper, on its four +corners. + +5 And thou shalt put it under the compass* +of the altar beneath, and the net shall reach +even to the half of the altar. + +6 And thou shalt make staves for the +altar, staves of shittim wood, and overlay +them with copper. + +7 And the staves shall be put into the +riugs, and the staves shall be upon the two +sides of the altar, when they bear it.'' + +8 Hollow, of boards, shalt thou make it; +a.s it was shown to thee on the mount, so +shall they make it.* + +9 ^ And thou shalt make the court of the +tabernacle: for the south side, on the right, +the hangings for the court, of twisted linen, +shall be a hundred cubits in length, for the +one side. + +10 And its pillars shall be twenty, with +their twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of +the pillars and their fillets shall ho of silver. + +11 Aud likewise for the north side in the +length there shall be hangings one hundred + +• I. e. A sort of gallerj' running round the altar, on +which the priests stood iu ofiering. +98 + + +cubits in length, and its pillars twenty with +theii' twenty sockets of copper; the hooks of +the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver. + +12 And (for) the breadth of the court on +the west side shall be fifty cubits of hangings ; +their pillars shall be ten, and their sockets +ten. + +13 And the breadth of the court on the +' front side, eastward, shall be fifty cubits. + +! 14 And fifteen cubits of hangings shall be +on the one wing; their pillars shall be three +and their sockets three. + +15 And on the other wing shall be fifteen +cubits of hangings ; their j^iHars shall be three, +and their sockets three. + +16 And for the gate of the court shall be +a hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and pur- +ple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted linen, the +work of the embroiderer; with four pillars for +the same, and their four sockets.'^' + +17 All the pillars round about the court +shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall +be of silver, and their sockets of copper. + +18 The length of the court shall be one +hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty b_y fifty, +and the height five cubits, of twisted linen, +and the sockets for the same of copper. + +19 All the vessels of the tabernacle iu all +the service thereof, aud all its pins, and all +the pins of the court, shall be of copper. + +Haphtorah in 1 Kings v. 26 to vi. 13. + + +SECTION XX. TETZAVVEH, mvn. + +20 *(\ And tliou shalt command the chil- +dren of Israel, that they bring thee pure olive +oil, beaten out, for the lighting, to cause a +light to burn always. + +21 In the tabernacle of the congregation, +without the vail, which is before the testi- +mony, shall Aaron with his sous arrange it +(for) from the evening to the morning, be- +fore the Lord; as a statute for ever unto +their generations, on behalf of the children of +Israel. + +CHAPTER XXVIII. + +1 ^ And thou shalt let come near unto +thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with +him, from among the children of Israel, that +he may be a priest unto me; Aaron, Nadab + +'' This implies, that at other times they shall be taken +out, but from the ark they were never to be iiio\ed. + + +EXODUS XXVIII. TETZAVVJ]H. + + +and Abihu, Elazar and Ithamar, the sons of +Aai'on. + +2 And thou shalt make holy garments for +Aaron thy brother, for glory and for orna- +ment. + +3 And thou shalt speak unto all that are +■wiseheartcd, whom I have filled with the +spirit of wisdom, that they may make gar- +ments for Aaron, to sanctify him, that lie +may be a priest unto me. + +4 And these are the garments which they +shall make : a breastplate, and an ephod, and +a, robe, and a checkered coat, a mitre, and a +girdle; and they shall make holy garments +for Aaron thy brother, and for his sons, to Ije +a i^riest unto me. + +6 And they shall take the gold, and the +blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, and the +linen. + +6 ^ And they shall make the ephod, of +gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet yarn," +and twisted linen, of weaver's work. + +7 Two shoulder-pieces shall it have joined +at the two edges thereof; by which it shall +be joined together.'' + +8 And the belt for girding, which is upon +it, shall he of the same make, out of the same +piece with itself; of gold, of blue, and purple, +and scarlet yarn, and twisted hnen. + +9 And thou shalt take two onyx stones, +and engrave on them the names of the chil- +dren of Israel : + +10 Six of their names on the one stone, and +the names of the remaining six on the other +stone, according to the order of their birth. + +11 With the work of an engraver in stone, +like the engraving of a signet, shalt thou en- +grave the two stones with the names of the +children of Israel; fitted in settings of gold +shalt thou make them. + +12 And thou shalt put the two stones upon +the shoulder-pieces of the epliod as stones of +memorial unto the children of Israel; and +Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord +upon his two shoulders for a memorial.* + + +° Where this word is used in the present version, it +means "woollen" yarn; the term is not employed how- +ever in the Hebrew, which merely has always "blue, pur- +ple, and scarlet." + +*" Arnheim thinks that this means "to the breastplate," +which was, as afterward directed, joined to the ephod; +but Rashi understands it to convey that the shoulder- +pieces should be sewed on the ephod, not woven with it +iu one piece. + + +13 •[[ And thou shalt make casings of gold ; + +14 And two chains of pure gold, with +knots at the ends, of wreathed work shalt +thou make them, and thou shalt fasten the +wreathed chains to the casings. + +15 ^f And thou shalt make the breastjjlate +of judgment, of weaver's work; after tlie +work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of +gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn, +and of twisted linen, shalt thou make it. + +16 Four-square shall it be, double; a span +in length, and a span in breadth. + +17 And thou shalt set in it settings of +stones, even four rows of stones : the first row, +a sardius,'' a topaz, and an emerald ; this shall +be the first row. + +18 And the second row, a carbuncle, a +sapphire, and a diamond. + +19 And the third row, an opal, a turquoise, +and an amethyst. + +20 And the fourth row, a chrysolite, and +an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be litlcd +in golden casings when they are set in. + +21 And the stones shall be according to +the names of the children of Israel, twelve, +according to their names ; (engraved) with the +engraving of a signet, every one according to +his name, shall they be for the. twelve tribes. + +22 And thou shalt make on the breastplate +chains with knots at the ends, of wreathed +work, of pure gold. + +23 And thou shalt make ou the breast- +plate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two +rings on the two ends of the breastplate. + +24 And thou shalt put the tAvo wreathed +chains of gold in the two rings, on the ends +of the breastplate. + +25 And the (other) two ends of the two +wreathed chains thou shalt fasten on the two +casings, and put them ou the shoulder-pieces +of the ephod on the outside thereof. + +26 And thou shalt make two rings of gold, +;md thou shalt put them on the two ends of +the breastplate on its border, which is on the +opposite side of the ephod, in\\'ard. + + +' "Or ruby." The correct meaning of the names of +the jewels in the breastplate is so uncertain that both +Mendelssohn and Arnheim have left them untranslated. +They are supported in this omission by the great diversity +of opinion prevailing among commentators. The version +given in the present text must therefore be looked upon +as an approximation, developed in a note to Arnheim's +version. + +99 + + +EXODUS XXVIII. XXIX. TETZAVVEH. + + +27 And thou shalt make two more rings +of gold, and shalt put them on the two +shoulder-iaieces of the epliod underneath, to- +ward its front part, close by its seam, above +the gii'dle of the ephod, + +28 And they shall fasten the breastplate +by its rings unto the rings of the e2)hod with +a lace of blue, that it may remain on the +girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate +be not loosed from the ephod. + +29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the +children of Israel in the breastplate of judg- +ment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto +the holy jalace, for a memorial before the +Lord continually. + +30 And thou shalt put into the breastplate +of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, +and they shall be ujjon Aaron's heart, when +he goetli in before the Lord ; and Aaron shall +bear the judgment of the children of Israel +upon his heart before the Lord continually.'^' + +31 ^ And thou shalt make the robe of the +ephod altogether of blue woollen yarn. + +32 And there shall be an opening in the +top of it, in the midst thereof; it shall have +a binding of woven work, round about its +opening, as it is on the opening of an haber- +geon, so shall it be thereon, that it be not +rent. + +33 And thou shalt make on its lower hem +pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet +yarn, round about its lower hem; and bells +of gold between them round about: + +34 A golden bell and a pomegranate, a +golden bell and a pomegranate, on the lower +hem of the robe round about. + +35 And it shall be upon Aaron when he +ministereth; and his sound shall be heard +when he goeth in unto the holy place before +the Lord, and when he cometh out, that he +die not. + +3G T[ And thou shalt make a plate of pure +gold, and grave upon it, like the engraving of +a signet, Holy unto the Lord. + +37 And thou shalt fasten it on a lace of +blue, and it .^^liall be upon the mitre; upon +the front of the mitre shall it be. + +38 And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead; +and Aaron shall atone for the iniquity of the +holy things, which the children of Israel shall +hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be +upon his forelipad always, that they may be +received in iavour befcjre the Lord. + +39 And tliou .shalt make the coat of linen +100 + + +checkered, and thou shalt make a mitre of +linen, and a girdle shalt thou make of em- +broiderer's work. + +40 And for Aaron's sons shalt thou make +coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles ; +and bonnets thou shalt make for them, for +glory and for ornament. + +41 And thou shalt clothe therewith Aaron +thy brother, and his sous with him ; and thou +shalt anoint them, and consecrate" them, and +sanctify them, that they may be priests unto +me. + +42 And thou shalt make them linen +breeches to cover their nakedness ; from the +loins even unto the thighs shall they reach. + +43 And they shall be upon Aaron, and +upon his sons, when they come in unto the +tabernacle of the congregation, or when they +come near unto the altar to minister in the +holy place ; that they bear not iniquit}-, and +die ; a statute for ever shall it be for him and +for his seed after him.* + +CHAPTER XXIX. + +1 ][ And this is the thing that thou shalt do +unto them to hallow them, to become priests +unto me: Take one young bullock, and two +rams without blemish, + +2 And unleavened bread, and unleavened +cakes, mingled with oil, and unleavened +wafers, anointed with oil; of fine wheaten +flour shalt thou make them. + +3 And thou shalt put them into one basket, +and Ijring them near*" in the basket, with the +bullock and the two rams. + +4 And Aaron and his sons shalt thou bring +near unto the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation, and shalt wash them with +water. + +5 And thou shalt take the garments, and +clothe Aaron with the coat, and the robe of +the ephod, and the ephod, and the breasts +plate, and gird him with the girdle of the +ejjhod : + +C And thou shalt put the mitre upon his +head, and thou shalt fasten the holy crown +upon the mitre. + +7 Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, +and poiu' it upon his head, and anoint him. + + +* Heb. " Fill their hand ;" the consecration is to say a +gift, placed in the Land of a man, thu.s filling it with the +same. + + +EXODUS XXIX. TETZAVVEH. + + +8 And his sons shalt thou bring near, and +clothe them with coats. + +9 And thou shalt gird them with the gir- +dles, Aaron and his sons, and bind the bonnets +on them; and the priest's office shall be theirs +for a perpetual statute : and thus shalt thou +consecrate Aaron and his sons. + +10 And thou shalt cause the bullock to be +brought before the tabernacle of the congre- +gation : and Aaron and his sons shall lay their +hands upon the head of the bullock. + +11 And thou shalt kill the bullock before +the Lord, by the door of the tabernacle of +the congregation. + +12 And thou shalt take of the blood of the +bullock, and put it upon the horns of the +altar with thy finger, and all the remaining" +blood shalt thou pour out beside the bottom +of the altar. + +13 And thou shalt take all the fat that +covereth the inwards, and the midriff alcove +the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat +that is upon them, and Ijurn them upon the +altar. + +14 But the flesh of the bullock, and his +skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire, +without the camp : it is a sin-oflering. + +15 And the one ram shalt thou take; and +Aaron and his sons shall la}- their hands upon +the head of the ram. + +16 And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou +shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it upon the +altar round about. + +17 And the ram shalt thou cut in jjieces, +and wash his inwards, and his legs, and put +them with his pieces, and with his head. + +18 And thou shalt burn the whole ram +upon the altar, it is a burnt-ofltering unto the +Lord; it is a sweet savour, an offering made +by fire unto the Lord.'^ + +19 And thou shalt take the other ram ; +and Aaron and his sons shall lay their hands +upon the head of the ram. + +20 Then shalt thou kill the ram, and take +of his blood, and put it upon the tip^ of +Aaron's right ear, and upon the tip of the +right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of +their right hand, and upon the great toe of + + +* The literal rendering would be " all the blood," the +word " remaining" is supplied by Kashi, and is required +by the context, as likewise in other parallel passages. + +'' More correctly, the central prominent portion of the +ear, the anti-helix. + + +their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon +the altar round about. + +21 And thou shalt take of the Ijlood that +is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil, +and sprinkle them upon Aaron, and upon liis +garments, and upon his sons, and upon the +garments of his sons with him : and he shall +be hallowed, together with his garments, and +his sons, and the garments of his sons with +him. + +22 And thou shalt take from the ram the +fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth +the inwards, and the midriff above the liver, +and the two kidneys, and the fat that is uptm +them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram +of consecration ; + +23 And one loaf of bread, and one cake of +the oiled bread, and one wafer, out of the +basket of the unleavened bread that is before +the Lord. + +24 And thou shalt put all this upon the +hands of Aaron, and upon the hands of his +sons; and thou shalt make with them a +waving before the Lord. + +25 And thou shalt then take them from +their hands, and burn them upon the altar +upon the burnt>offering ; for a sweet savour +before the Lord, it is an offering made by fire +unto the Lord. + +26 And thou shalt take the breast of the +ram of the consecration that belongeth to +Aaron, and make therewith a waving" before +the Lord; and it shall belong to thee as thy +portion. + +27 And thou shalt sanctify the breast which +hath been waved, and the shoulder Avhich +hath been lifted up, which was waved, and +which was heaved up, of the ram of the co i- +secration, of tliat which belongeth to Aaron, +and of that which belongeth to his sons : + +28 That they shall belong to Aaron and to +his sons, as a statute forever, from the chil- +dren of Israel ; for it is a heave-offering ; and a +heave-offering it shall remain from the chil- +dren of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace- +offerings, as their heave-offering unto the Lord. + +29 And the holy garments belonging to +Aaron shall be for his sons after him, to + + +° The owner of the sacrifice placed the pieces on his +hands, and the priest put his under the other's, and they +together waved the sacrifice to the four corners of heaven, +lifted and lowered it; this is the " waving and lifting up'' +spoken of iu the text. + +101 + + +EXODUS XXIX. XXX. TETZAVVEH. + + +anoint them therein, and to consecrate them +therein. + +30 Seven days shall that one of his sons +put them on who is to be priest in his place, +who is to go into the tabernacle of the con- +gregation to minister in the sanctuary. + +31 And the ram of the consecration shalt +thou take, and seethe liis flcsli in a holy place. + +32 And Aaron with his sons shall eat the +flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the +basket, by the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +33 And they shall eat those things where- +with the atonement was made, to consecrate +them and to sanctify them; but a stranger +shall not eat thereof, because they are holy. + +34 And if aught of the flesh of the conse- +cration sacrifice, or of the bread, remain unto +the morning, then shalt thou burn the re- +mainder with fire ; it shall not be eaten, be- +cause it is holy. + +35 And thou shalt do unto Aaron, and to +his sons thus, all as I have commanded thee; +seven days shalt thou consecrate them. + +36 And a bullock shalt thou ofier every +day for a sin-offering as an atonement :" and +thou shalt cleanse the altar, in as much as +thou makest an atonement upon it ; and thou +shalt anoint it, to sanctify it. + +37 Seven days shalt thou make an atone- +ment ujjon the altar and sanctify it ; and the +altar shall be most holy; whatsoever'' toucheth +the altar shall be holy.* + +38 ^f And this is what thou shalt offer upon +the altar : Two sheep of the first year for +eveiy day, continually. + +39 The one sheep shalt thou offer in the +morning ; and the other sheep shalt thou offer +toward evening. + +40 And a tenth part of fine flour mingled +with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, +and the fourth part of a hin of wine for a +drink-offering, shall be for the one sheep. + +41 And the other sheep shalt thou offer to- +ward evening; according to the meat-offering + +. of the morning, aud according to its drink- +olli'ring shalt thou do unto it, for a sweet +savour, an offering made by fire unto the Lord. + + +" After llaslii. But Aben Ezra renders, " in addition +to the atonement," referring to the two rams mentioned +above. + +^ Aben Ezra quotes an opinion, which is partly that of +Onkelos, that this should be rendered, " whoever toucheth +102 + + +42 A cofitinual burnf^offering throughout +your generations (shall this be) at the door +of the tabernacle of the congregation before +the Lord; where I will meet with you, to +speak unto thee there. + +43 And I will meet there with the children +of Israel, and it shall be sanctified by my glory. + +44 And I will sanctify the tabernacle of +the congregation, and the altar: and both +Aaron and his sons will I sanctify, that they +may be priests unto me. + +45 And I will dwell among the children of +Israel, and I will be to them for a God. + +46 And they shall know that I am the +Eternal, their God, who brought them forth +out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell +among them : I am the Lord their God. + +CHAPTER XXX. + +1 *i\ And thou shalt make an altar to burn in- +cense upon, of shittim wood shalt thou make it. + +2 A cubit shall be its length, and a cubit +its Ijreadth. foursquare shall it be; and two +cu]:)its shall Ije its height ; from itself shall its +horns be. + +3 And thou shalt overlay it with piu'e gold, +its top, and its sides round about, and its +horns; and thou shalt make unto it a crown +of- gold round about. + +4 And two rings of gold shalt thou make +for it beneath its crown, on its two corners +shalt thou make them, ujDon both its sides; +and the_y shall be as receptacles for the staves +to bear it by means of them. + +5 Aud thou shalt make the staves of shit- +tim wood, and overlay them with gold. + +6 And thou shalt put it before the vail +that is before the ark of the testimony, before +the mercy-seat that is over the testimony, +where I will meet with thee. + +7 And Aaron sluiU burn thereon incense +of spices; every morning when he dresseth +the lamps, shall he burn it.'-' + +8 And when Aaron lighteth the lamps to +ward evening, shall he burn it; a per2)etual +incense before the Lord, throughout 3'our +generations. + +9 Ye shall not offer thereon any strange" + + +the altar must be holy," excluding those who are unclean +from touching thereon. Arnheim translates in the same + + +manner. + +° i. r. Any +after, v. 34. + + +iithor incense than that commanded liere- +(8ec also Levit. x. 1.) + + +EXODUS XXX. KI TISSAH. + + +Incense, or burnt-sacrifice, or meat-ofiering; +and a drink-ofl'ering shall yc not pour thereon. +10 And Aaron shall make au atonement +upon its horns once in a year; with the blood +of the sin-oflering of the day of atonement,' +once in the year, shall he make atonement +upon it, throughout your generations; it is +most holy unto the Lokd. + +Haphtorah in Ezokiel xliii. 10 to 27. + + +SECTION XXI. KI TISSAH, Uti'n O. + +11 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +12 When thou takest the sum of the chil- +dren of Israel of those who are to be num- +bered of them, then shall they give every +man a ransom for his soul unto the Lord, +when they number them; that there be no +plague among them, when they number them. + +13 This shall they give, every one that +passeth among those that are numbered, Half +a shekel after the shekel oi the sanctuary; +twenty gerahs to the shekel; the half of the +shekel shall be the tribute to the Lord. + +14 Every one that passeth among those +that are numbered, from twenty years old +and above, shall give the tribute unto the +Lord. + +15 The rich shall not give more, and the +poor shall not give less than the half of a +shekel, as a tribute unto the Lord, to make +an atonement for your souls. + +16 And thou shalt take the money of the +atonement from the children of Israel, and +shalt employ it for the service of the taber- +nacle of the congregation; and it shall be +unto the children of Israel as a memorial be- +fore the Lord, to make an atonement for your +souls. + +17 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +18 Thou shalt also make a laver of copper, +with its foot of copper, to wash withal : and +thou shalt set it between the tabernacle of +the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt +put therein water. + +19 And Aaron and his sons shall wash out +of it their hands and their feet. + + +' See Leviticus xvi. 18, where it is ordained that on the +Day of Atonement the Wood of a steer and a goat should +be sprinkled on this altar; at other times nothing but in- +cen.se was burnt on it. + + +20 When they go into the tabernacle of +the congregation, shall tliey wash themselves +with water, that they die not; or when they +come near to the altar to minister, to laiu-n an +offering made by fire unto the Lord. + +21 And they shall wash their hands and +their feet, that they die not; and it shall be +to them a statute for evei", even to him and +to his seed throughout their generations. + +22 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +23 And thou, take unto thj'self princi})al +spices: of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, +and of sweet cinnamon, its half' shall be two +hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet cahv +mus two hundred and fifty shekels, + +24 And of cassia five hundred shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of olive- +oil one hin. + +25 And thou shalt make of it an (jil of +holy anointing, a mixture, compounded after +the art of the apothecary: an oil of holy +anointing shall it be. + +26 And thou shalt anoint therewith the +tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of +the testimony, + +27 And tlie table and all its vessels, and +the candlestick and its vessels, and the altar +of incense, + +28 And the altar of burnt-oflering with all +its vessels, and the laver and its foot. + +29 And thou shalt sanctify them, and they +shall be most holy ; whatsoever toucheth them +shall be holy. + +30 And Aaron and his sons shalt thou +anoint, and consecrate them to be priests +unto me. + +31 And unto the children of Israel shalt +thou speak, sajing. An oil of holy anointing +shall this be unto me throughout your gene- +rations. + +32 Upon the flesh of man shall it not be +poured, and after its proportion shall ye not +make any thing like it; it is holy, and holy +shall it be unto you. + +33 Whosoever compouudeth the like of it, +or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stran- +ger, shall be cut ofi' from his people. + +34 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Take + +*■ "The half of what is brought of it shall be two hun- +dred shekels, which gives the weight of the whole e()ual +to that of the myrrh." — Talmod Keritotii. + +103 + + +EXODUS XXX. XXXI. KI TISSAH. + + +unto thee spices, balm, and 0113 eha, and gal- +banum, spices, with pure frankincense : of +each shall there be an equal" weight. + +35 And thou shalt make it an incense, a +mixture after the art of the apothecary, well +mingled'' together, pure and holy. + +36 And thou shalt pound some of it fine, +and ofier of it before the testimony in the taljer- +nacle of the congregation, where I will meet +with thee ; most holy shall it be unto you. + +37 And as for the incense which thou shalt +make, according to its proportion, shall ye +not make any unto yourselves : holy shall it + +'be unto thee for the Lord. + +38 Whosoever shall make the like of it, to +smell thereon, shall be cut off from his people. + +CHAPTER XXXI. + +1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +2 See, I have called by name Bezalel the +son of Uri, the son of Chur, of the tribe of +Judah : + +3 And I have filled him with the sjairit of +God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in +knowledge, and in all manner of workman- +ship, + +4 To devise works of art, to work in gold, +and in silver, and in copj^er, + +5 And in the cutting of stones, to set them, +and in the carving of wood, to work in all +manner of workmanship. + +6 And behold, I have also given with him +Aholialj, the son of Achissamach, of the tribe +of Dan, and in the heart of all that are wise- +hearted have I put wisdom ; and they shall +make all that I have commanded thee; + +7 The tabernacle of the congregation, and +the ai'k of the testimony, and the cover that +is thereupon, and all the vessels of the taber- +nacle; + +" After Onkelos aud Talmud ; but Aben Ezra translates, +" I'jach shall be prepared separately." + +' Abon Ezra considered nSoD as derived from nSo +"salt," thus, "salted," that is, "bestrewed with salt of +Sodnm, or nitre." Rosenmiiller, as quoted by Arnheim, +considers this kind of salt referred to under the words +"pure, holy," in contradistinction to common salt. The +use of salt of Sodom with the incense is traditional. + +° "Although I have ordered thee to charge them con- +cerning the building of the tabernacle, the Sabbath must +not be undervalued in thy eyes; for though you are busily +engaged in the labour of building, the Sabbath must on +no account be violated to do the least of this work." — • +Hash I. + +104 + + +• 8 And the table and its vessels, and the +pure candlestick with all its vessels, and the +altar of incense ; + +9 And the altar of burnt-ofiering with all +its vessels, and the laver and its foot; + +10 And the cloths of service, and the holy +garments for Aaron the priest, and the gar- +ments of his sons, to minister therein ; + +11 And the anointing oil, and the incense +of spices for the holy place: all as I have +commanded thee shall they do. + +12 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses as +foUoweth, + +13 And thou shalt speak unto the children +of Israel, saying. Above all," my sabbaths +shall ye keep; for a sign it is between me +and you throughout your generations; that +ye may know that I am the Lord who doth +sanctity you. + +14 And ye shall keep the sabbath, for it is +holy unto you; every one that defileth it +shall surely be put to death; for whosoever +doeth any work thereon, that soul shall be +cut ofl' from among his jDeople. + +15 Six days may work be done; but on +the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the +Lord : whosoever doeth any work on the sab- +bath-day, shall surely be put to death. + +16 And the children of Israel shall keep +the sabbath, to observe the sabbath through- +out their generations, for a perpetual cove- +nant. + +17 Between me and the children of Israel +it shall be a sign for ever; for in six days +the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and +on the seventh day he rested, and was re- +freshed.'^ * + +18 ^ And he gave unto Moses, when he +had finished speaking with him upon mount +Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables +of stone, inscribed with the finger of God. + + +^ This, like many other expressions in Scripture, must +be taken merely as expressing divine acts by human +words. Mendelssohn renders freely "and attained his +aim," but this is scarcely the sense of the word ty-jyi. +Philippson renders curiously, "and was by himself," i. c. +"happy in his own contemplation," rendering the word +literally as derived from n/phesh, "soul." Perhaps Men- +delssohn translated it freely as he did from the same view +of the subject. But even the word "rested" is as little +applicable as "refreshed," since the Creator has neither +labour nor fatigue; but it is all figurative. Arnheim +gives '3 in this verse with "that," and not "for," mean- +ing that the Sabbath is the token that we believe that +God created all in specific time. + + +i;X()I)US XXXII. KI TI8SAII. + + +CiiAPTElJ XXXll. + +1 And wliL'ii tlie people saw that Moses +dela3'ed to come down from the mount, the +people assembled themselves together around +Aaron, and tliey said unto him, Up, make us +gods, that shall go before us; for of this man +Moses, who hath In-ought us up out of the +land of Egypt, we know not what is become +of him. + +2 And Aaron said unto them. Take out +the golden ear-rings, which are in the ears of ' +your wives, of your sons, and of your daugh- +ters, and bring them unto me. + +'3 And all the people took out the golden +ear-rings which were in their ears, and brought +them unto Aaron. + +4 And he took them from their hand, and +fashioned it in a mould, and he made of it a +molten calf; and they said, These are thy +gods, 0 Israel, that have brought thee up out +of the land of Egypt. + +5 And when Aaron saw this, he built an +altar before it; and Aaron called out, and +said, A feast unto the Lord is to-morrow. + +6 And they rose up early on the morrow, +and oftered liurnt-ofterings, and brought near i +peace-offerings f and the people sat down to [ +eat and to drink, and rose up to play. + +7 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, Go, +get thee down; for thy people, which thou +hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, +hath become corrupt: + +8 They have turned aside quickly from the +way which I have commanded them; they +have made themselves a molten calf; and +they have bowed themselves to it, and have +sacrificed unto it, and have said. These are +thy gods, 0 Israel, that have brought thee up +out of the land of Egypt. + +9 And the Lord said unto Moses, I have +seen this people, and, behold, it is a stift- +necked people. + +10 And now let me alone, and my wrath +shall wax hot against them, and I will make + + +' In the preceding verso, Aaron is represented as telling +the people that on the morrow there should be a festival +unto the Lord, no doubt expecting the return of Moses, +which would occasion a renewed fidelity to their great +Deliverer. But early the next morning, the frantic +people assembled round the statue of their idol, j-hout- +ed, sacrificed, played, rioted, sang, in the manner of +the heathen, forgetful of the events which their own +eyes had seen. Aaron, however, must not be supposed + +0 + + +an end of them; and I will make of thee a +great nation. + +11 Thereupon Moses besought the Lord +his God, and said, Why, 0 Lord, shall thy +wrath wax hot against thy people, that thou +hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt, +with great power and with a* mighty haud";' + +12 Wherefore should the Egyptitms say +thus, For mischief did he bring them out, to +slay them in the mountains, and to destroy +them from the face of the earth ? Turn from +thy fierce wrath, and repent thee of the evil +decreed against thy people. + +13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, +th}' servants, to whom thou didst swear by +thy own self, and speak unto them, I will +multijjly your seed as the stars of heaven; +and all this land that I have spoken of will I +give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it +for ever. + +14 And the Lord bethought himself of the +evil which he had spoken to do unto his +people. + +16 ^ And Moses turned about, and went +down from the moimt with the two tables of +the testimony in his hand: tables inscribed +on both their sides; on the one side and on +the other wei'e they inscribed. + +16 And the tables were the work of God, +and the writing was the writing of God, en- +graved upon the tables. + +17 And Joshua heard the noise of the peo- +ple in its shouting, and he said unto Moses, +There is a noise of war in the camp. + +18 And he said. It is not the voice of a +shout for mastery, neither is it the Aoice of a +cry for deteat; the noise of singing do I hear. + +19 And it came to pass, when he came +nigh unto the camp, and he saw the calf, and +the dancing : that the anger of Moses waxed +hot, and he cast from his hands the tables, +and broke them at the foot of the mount. + +20 And he took the calf which the}' had +made, and burnt'' it in fire, and ground it +to a powder, and he strewed it upon the + + +as having farther participated in the sin than making +the calf + +" Arnheim adds ''partly," and supposes that the body +of the calf was a frame-work of wood, and the gold merely +a covering for it. Philippson, however, after Michlol +YoPHi, thinks that Moses melted the calf first, then re- +duced it by beating and rolling to plates of the utmost +possible thinness, which he then mixed with water, as +described in the test. + +105 + + +EXODUS XXXIT. XXXIII. KI TISSAH. + + +water, and made tlie children of Israel drink +of it. + +21 A id Moses said unto Aaron, What hath +this people done unto thee, that thou hast +brought upon it so great a sin ? + +22 And Aaron said, Let not the anger of +my lord wax hot : thou knowest the people, +that it is bent on mischief + +23 And they said unto me, Make us gods +that shall go before us ; for of this man Moses, +who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, +we know not what hath become of him. + +24 And I said unto them, Who hath any +gold ? They took it off themselves and gave +it to me, and I cast it into the fire, and there +came out this calf + +25 And Moses saw the people that it had +become unruly ; for Aaron had made it unruly +for a disgrace among their opponents. + +26 Moses then placed himself in the gate +of the camp, and said. Whoever is on the +Lord's side, let him come unto me ! and there +assembled themselves unto him all" the sons +of Levi. + +27 And he said unto tliem, Thus hath +said the Eternal, the God of Israel, Put ye +every man his sword by bis side, and go ye +hither and tliitlier, from uate to oate in the +camp, and slay ye every man his brother, +and every man his companion, and every +man his relative. + +28 And the children of Levi did according +to the word of Moses: and there fell of the +people on that day about three thousand men. + +29 And Moses said. Consecrate yourselves +to-day to the Lord, yea even every man on +his son, and on his brother; and to bestow +upon you this day a blessing. + +oO And it came to pass on the morrow, +that Moses said unto the jjeople. Ye have sin- +ned a great sin : and now I will go up unto +the Lord; peradventure I may obtain an +atonement for your sin. + +31 And Moses returned unto the Lord, + + +" Arnhc'im wishes to understand under "all" not the +whole, but the far greater majority, so as to reconcile it +with verse '2!t, which Raslii expounds as referring to step- +brothers and sons, belonging to other tribes. + +'' Klliptieal; meaning, "If thou furgivcst, it is well; +but if not," &c. This passage proves tluit no one cau be +permitted to assume the guilt of another. + +° This verse, e(|nally with the passage commencing +with verse 12, is exceedingly difficult of interpretation ; it +is therefore intended to give merely au idea of the mcan- +106 + + +and said, (_)h, this people hath sinned a great +sin, and they have made themselves gods of +gold. + +32 Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their +sin — ;* but if not, blot me out, I pray thee, +from thy book which thou hast written. + +33 And the Lord said unto Moses, Whoso- +ever hath sinned against me, him will I blot +out from my book. + +34 And now go, lead the people unto the +place of which I have spoken unto thee ; be- +hold, my angel shall go before tliee; but on +the day when I visit I will visit their sin +upon them. + +35 And the Lord sent a plague among the +people, because that they had made the calf +which Aaron made. + +CHAPTER XXXIII. + +1 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Depart, +go up from here, thou and the people that +thou hast In'ought up out of the land of Egypt, +unto the land Avhich I swore unto Abraham, +to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying. Unto thy seed +will I give it; — + +2 And I will send before thee an angel; +and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Emor- +ite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the +Hivite, and the Jebusite; — + +3 Unto a land flowing with milk and ho- +ney ; for I will not go up in the midst of thee, +because thou art a stifFnecked people; lest I +consume thee on the way. + +4 And when the people heard these evil +tidings, they mourned; and no man did put +his ornaments on him. + +5 For the Lord had said unto Moses, Say +unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiff- +necked people ; should I go" up one moment, +in the midst of thee, I would consume thee ; +now therefore jnit off thy ornaments from +thee, iiiul I shall know what I will do unto +thee. + +6 The children of Israel then stripped + +ing in this note. God had said that his own visible glory +should not go with the people on their journey, an angel, +a messenger, was all they could expect; as his own pre- +sence would consume them, should they sin again, they +being stiffnccked, or disobedient. Their ornaments should +bo laid aside as an evidence that they were under the dis- +pleasure of Heaven ; this humiliation, however, should not +save them from farther punishment; for God would know +how to make them feel in future the weight of their sin. +(See above, xxxii. ;J4.) + + +EXODUS XXXIII. XXXIV. KI TISSAH. + + +themselves of their ornaments (they wore) +from (the time they were at) Mount Horeb. + +7 And Moses took the tent, and pitched it +without the camp, afar off from the camp, and +called it, Tabernacle of the congregation ; and +it came to pass, that every one who sought +(instruction of) the Lord went out unto the +tabernacle of the congregation, which was +without the camp. + +8 And it came to pass, that when Moses +went out unto the tent, all the people would +rise up, and stand every man at the door of +his tent, and look after Moses, until he was +gone into the tent. + +9 And it came to pass, that as Moses +entered into the tent, the pillar of cloud de- +scended, and stood at the door of the tent, +and spoke with Moses. + +10 And when all the people saw the pillar +of cloud stand at the door of the tent: then +all the people rose up and prostrated them- +selves, every man at the door of his tent. + +11 And the Lord spoke unto Moses face to +face, as a man speaketh unto his friend ; and +then he returned into the camp; but his ser- +vant, Joshua the son of Nun, a young man, +departed not out of the tent. + +12 *[\ And Moses said unto the Lord, See, +thou sayest unto me. Bring up this people ; +but thou hast not let me know whom thou +wilt send with me : and yet thou hast said, I +have chosen thee by name, and thou hast also +found grace in my eyes. + +13 Now, therefore, I pray thee, if I have +found grace in thy eyes, do make me know +thy way, that I may know thee, in order that +I may find grace in thy eyes ; and consider +that this nation is thy people. + +14 And he said, My presence shall go in +advance, and I will give thee rest. + +15 And he said unto him. If thy presence +go not (with us,) carry us not up from here. + +16 For wherein shall it be known in any +wise that I have found grace in thy eyes, I +with thy people ? is it not in that thou goest +with us ? so shall we be distinguished, I and +thy people, from all the people that are upon +the face of the earth.='' + +17 Tf And the Lord said unto Moses, Also +this thhig that thou hast spoken will 1 do ; + +' Ainheim renders : " And I will proclaim before thee +the name, Eternal, and how I am gracious to whom I am +gracious, and how I have mercy on him to whom I show + + +for thou hast found grace in my eyes, and I +have chosen thee Ijy name. + +18 And he said. Let me see, I beseech +thee, thy glory. + +19 And he said, I will cause all my good- +ness to pass before thy face, and I will pro- +claim," by name, the Lord before thee ; and I +will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, +and I will show mercy to whom I will show +mercy. + +20 And he said, Thou canst not see my +face ; for no man can see me, and live. + +21 And the Lord said. Behold, there is a +place by me, and thou shalt stand upon the +rock : + +22 And it shall come to pass, while my +glory paeseth by, that I will put thee in the +cleft of the rock, and I will cover thee with +my hand, until I have passed by. + +23 And then I will take away my hand, +and thou shalt see my back parts; but my +face shall not be seen.* + +CHAPTER XXXIV. + +1 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Hew +thyself two tables of stone like unto the first; +and I A\ill write upon these tallies the words +which were on the first tables, which thou +didst break. + +2 And be ready by the morning, and come +up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and +present thjself there to me on the top of the +mount. + +3 And no man shall come up with thee, +neither let any man be seen throughout all +the mount ; neither let the flocks or herds +feed near this mount. + +4 And he hewed two tables of stone like +unto the first, and Moses rose up early in the +morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as +the Lord had commanded him ; and he took +in his hand the two tables of stone. + +5 And the Lord descended in the cloud, +and stood Avith him thei'e, and proclaimed, by +name, the Lord. + +6 And the Lord passed by before him, and +proclaimed. The Lord is the immutal^le, eter- +nal Being, the omnipotent God, merciful and +gracious, long-suffering and abundant in benefi- +cence and truth; + + +mercy;" and he explains the verse: "This is the nature +of this Divine Name, and this is also mi/ way, for the know- +ledge of which thou hast prayed." + +107 + + +EXODUS XXXIV. KI TTSSAH. + + +7 Kef'piug mercy unto the tliousandtli (ge- +neration ) forgiving iniquit}' and transgression +and sin, but who will by no means clear the +guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers +upon the children, and upon the children's +children, unto the third and to the fourth +generation. + +8 And Moses made haste, and liowed his +head toward the earth, and prostrated himself. + +9 And he said, If now I liave found grace +in thy eyes, 0 Lord, let the Lord, I i)ray thee, +go among us ; even because" it is a stiflhecked +people ; and pardon thou our iniquity and our +sin, and take us for thy heritage.''' + +10 And he said, Behold, I make a cove- +nant: before all thy people will I perform +wonders, such as have not been done on all +the earth, nor in any nation; and all the peo- +ple amongst whom thou art shall see the +work of the Lord; for it is a terrible thing +that I will do with thee. + +11 Observe thou that which I command +thee this day ; behold, I will drive out before +thee the Emorite, and the Canaanite, and the +Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and +the Jebusite. + +12 Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a +covenant with the inhabitants of the land +against which thou goest up, lest it be for a +snare in the midst of thee ; + +13 But their altars shall ye destroy, and +their statues shall ye break, and their groves +shall ye cut down. + +14 For thou shalt worship no other god; +for the Lord whose name is Watchful, is a +watchful God. + +15 Make thou then no covenant with the +inhabitants of the land ; lest that, if they go +astray after their gods, and sacrifice unto their +gods, any one call thee, and thou eat of liis +sacrifice ; + +16 And lest thou take of his daughters +unto thy sons ; and when his daughters go +astray after their gods, they make tliy sons +also go astray after their gods. + +17 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any +molten gotls. + +18 The feast of unleavened bi'ead shalt thou + + +* After Arnheiin, who comments: Moses prayed tliat +God liimself should go before them, not .send au angel, +who would inexorably punish, (.\.xiii. 21,) for he had no +power to pardon But the glory of God guiding them, +they would bo under his immediate providence, and he, +loa + + +keep ; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened +bread, as I have commanded thee, in the time +of the month of Abib ; for in the month of +Abib thou wentest forth out of Egyjjt. + +19 All that openeth the womb is mine; +and every firstling that is a male among thy +cattle, whether ox or lamb. + +20 But the firstling of an ass shalt thou re- +deem with a lamb; and if thou redeem him +not, then shalt thou break his neck ; all the +first-born of thy sons shalt thou redeem ; and +none shall appear before me empty. + +21 Six days thou mayest Avork, but on the +seventh day shalt thou rest : even in plough- +ing time and in harvest shalt thou rest. + +22 And the feast of weeks shalt thou ob- +serve, with the first-fruits of the wheat har- +vest ; and the feast of ingathering at the clos- +ing of the jear. + +2.3 Thrice in the yeav shall all thy males +appear before the Lord, the Eternal, the God +of Israel. + +24 For I will cast out nations before thee, +and enlarge thy borders ; yet shall no man +desire thy land, when thou goest up to appear +in the presence of the Lord thy God thrice in +the year. + +25 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my +sacrifice with leaven; neither shall be left +unto the morning the sacrifice of the feast of +the passover. + +26 The first of the first-fruits of thy land +shalt thou bring unto the house of the Lord +thy God: thou shalt not seethe a kid in his +mother's milk.* + +27 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, Write +thee down- these words; for after the tenor of +these words liave I made with thee a covenant +and with Israel. + +28 And he remained there with the Lord +forty days and forty nights ; bread he did not +eat, and water he did not drink ; and he +wrote upon the tables the words of the cove- +nant, the ten commandments. + +29 And it came to pass, when Moses came +down from mount Sinai, with the two tables +of the testimony in Moses' hand, when he +came down from the mount, that Moses knew + + +the Merciful, would thus forgive, according to his good- +ness and loving grace toward sinners. Rashi, however, +renders o like dn thus : " If it be a stifFuecked people, +do thou pardon." The sense in either case is still the +same. + + +EXODUS XXXIV. XXXV. VAYAKIIEL. + + +not that the skin of his lace shone," because +he had spoken with him. + +30 And Aaron and all the children of +Israel saw Moses, and, behold, the skin of +his face shone : and they were afraid'' to come | +nigh unto him. + +31 But Moses called unto them, and then +returned unto him Aaron and all the princes +of the congregation: and Moses spoke to +them. + +32 And afterward all the children of Israel +came nigh : and he commanded them all that +which the Lord had spoken with him on +mount Sinai.* + +33 And when Moses had done speaking +with them, he put a vail over his face. + +34 But when Moses went in before the +LoKD to speak with him, he took the vail off, +until he came out; and then he came out, +and spoke unto the children of Israel that +which he had been commanded. + +35 And the children of Israel saw the face +of Moses, that the skin of Moses' face shone : +and Moses put the vail again over his face, +until he went in to speak with him. + +Haohtorah i. Kings xviii. 1-39 : some commence at verse 20. + + +SECTION + + +XXII. VAYAKHEL, hnp'). + + +CHAPTER XXXV. + +1 ^ And Moses gathered together all the +conoreoation of the children of Israel, and +said unto them. These are the things which +the Lord hath commanded, that ye should do +them. + +2 Six days shall work be done, but on the +seventh day there shall be to you a holy day, +a sabjjath of rest to the Lord: whosoever +doth work thereon shall be put to death. + +3 Ye shall not kindle any fire throughout +your habitations upon the sal)l:)ath day. + +4 ]| And Moses said unto all the congreg;v +tion of the children of Israel, as followeth. +This is tlie tiling which the Lord hath com- +manded, saying, + +5 Take ye from among you an offering + +° Properly, " sent forth rays;" the skin being luminous, +and beaming. + +" '' Come and sec how groat is the power of sin. Before +they had stretched forth their hand to sin, what does the +Bible say ? ' And the glory of the Lord was like a de- +vouring fire on the top of the mount, before the eyes of , the Israelites were on their journey, as is commanded in +the children of Israel;' and they neither feared nor trem- ' the fourth chapter of Numbers. (See Kashi.) + + +unto the Lord ; whosoever is of a willing +heart, let him bring it, an offering of the +Lord : Gold, and silver, and copper, + +G And blue, and purjde, and scarlet yarn, +and linen thread, and goats' hair, + +7 And rams' skins dyed red, and badgers' +skins, and shittim wood, + +8 And oil for the lighting, and spices, for +the anointing oil, and for the incense of spices, + +9 And onyx stones, and stones for setting, +for the ephod, and for the breastplate. + +10 And all the wise-hearted among j'ou +shall come, and make all that which the +Lord hath commanded : + +11 The tabernacle, its tent, and its cover- +ing, its hooks, and its boards, its bars, its pil- +lars, and its sockets; + +12 The ark, and its staves, (with) the mercy- +seat, and the vail of the separation : + +13 The table, and its staves, and all its +vessels, and the show-bread ; + +14 And the candlestick for the lighting, and +its vessel, and its lamps, with the oil for the +lighting; + +1 5 And the altar of incense, and its staves, +and the anointing oil, and the incense of +spices, and- the hanging for the door at the +entrance of the tabernacle ; + +16 The altar of burnt^offeriug, with its +grating of copper, its staves, and all its vessels, +the laver and its foot; + +17 The hangings of the court, its pillars, +and its sockets, and the hanging for the door +of the court ; + +18 The pins of the tabei'nacle, and the pins +of the court, and their cords; + +19 The cloths" of service, to do service +therewith in the holy place, the holy gar- +ments for Aaron the priest, and the garments +of his sons, to minister in as priests. + +20 And all the congregation of the cliil- +dren of Israel deisarted from the presence of +Moses.* + +21 And they came, every man whos6 heart +stirred him up ; and e\'ery one whom his +spirit made willing, brought the Lord's +offering for the work of the taliernacle of the + +bled ; but now, since they had made the calf, ;ven before +the rays of glory of Moses they feared and tr 'mbled." — +Rashi. + +° The cloths of service were not the priestly garments, +but those used for the covering of the sacred vessels when + + +EXODUS XXXV. XXXVI. VAYAKHEL. + + +congregation, and for all its service, and for +the holy garments. + +22 And they came, the men with the wo- +men; whoever was willing-hearted, hrought +bracelets," and ear-rings, and finger-rings, and +tablets, all kinds of ornaments of gold, and +every man that offered an oflering of gold +unto the Lord. + +23 And every man, with whom was found +blue, and jjurple, and scarlet yarn, and linen +thread, and goats' hair, and rams' skins dyed +red, and badgers' skins, brought them. + +24 Every one that did offer an offering of +silver and copper brought it as the Lord's +offering ; and every one with whom was found +shittim wood for any work of the service, +brought it. + +25 And all the women that wei'e wise- +hearted spun with their hands, and they +brought that which they had spun, of the blue, +and of the purple, and of the scarlet yarn, +and of the linen thread. + +26 And all the women whose heart stirred +them up in wisdom spun the goats' hair. + +27 And the princes brought the onyx +stones, and the stones for setting, for the +ephod, and for the breastplate ; • + +28 And the spice and the oil, for lighting, +. and for the anointing oil, and for the incense + +of spices. + +29 Every man and woman, whose heart +made them willing to bring for all manner of +work, which the Lord had commanded to he +made, by the hand of Moses, even that brought +the children of Israel as a free-will offering +unto the Lord.* + +30 ][ And Moses said unto the children of +Israel, See, the Lord hath called hy name +Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Chur, of the +tribe of Judah ; + +31 And he liath filled him with the spirit +of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in +knowledge, and in all manner of workman- +sliip ; + +32 And to devise'' works of art, to work in +gold, and in silver, and in copper, + + +° Mendelssohn renders, "Ear-rings, and nose-rings, +and finger-rings, and bracelets." These words, however, +arc of somewhat doubtful signification, like many other +technical terms of but rare occurrence in Scripture. + +'' " To devise in his heart works of art, the like of which +had never been .seen; and as there are artificers in gold +who cannot work in silver, and workers in stone who can- +not work in wood, it is said of Bczalol that he was perfect +110 + + +33 And in the cutting of stones, to set +them, and in the carving of wood, to make +any manner of work of art. + +34 And to teach hath he jjut in his heart, +both to him, and to Aholiab, the son of Achis- +samach, of tlie tribe of Dan. + +35 lie hath filled them with wisdom of +heart, to execute all manner of work, of the +engraver, and of the designing weaver, and +of the embroiderer, in blue, and in j^urple, in +scarlet yarn, and in linen thread, and of the +weaver, of those that do every species of work, +and of those that devise works of art. + +CHAPTER XXXVI. + +1 And Bezalel and Aholiab, and every +wise-hearted man, in whom the Lord hath +put wisdom and understanding to know how +to do every manner of work for the service of +the sanctuary, shall make all, just as the Lord +hath commanded. + +2 And Moses called for Bezalel and Aho- +liab, and every wise-hearted man in whose +heart the Lord had put wisdom, every one +whose heart stirred him up to come near unto +the work to do it: + +3 And they received from Moses the whole +of the offering, which the children of Israel +had brought for the work of the service of the +sanctuary, to make it; and these brought +unto him yet more free-will offerings morning +after morning. + +4 And then came all the wise men, that +wrought all the work of the sanctuary, every +man from his own work which they were +doing. + +5 And they said unto Moses, thus. The +people bring more" than is required for the +service of the work, which the Lord hath +commanded to make. + +6 And Moses gave the command, and they +caused it to be proclaimed throughout the +camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman do +any more work for the offering of the sanc- +tuary: so the people were restrained from +bringing (more). + + +in all; and moreover he could teach; although there arc +many wise men who have a difficulty in instructing +others." — Aben Ezr.v. + +° A singular, though nowise uneomraon, state of the +public mind ! At first instructed by the Lord, they rebel +and worship an idol; then again convinced of the truth +■of God, they testify their renewed adherence by the dis- +play of a liberality which needed restraining for its excess + + +EXODUS XXXVI. VAYAKHEL. + + +7 And the stuff in-epared" was sufficient for +all the work to nudie it, and there was some +over.'-' + +8 T[ And all the wise-liearted men, among +those who wrought the work, made the taber- +nacle of ten curtains ; of twisted linen tlu'ead, +and blue, and purple, and scarlet yarn; with +cherubim, of weavers work, made he them. + +9 The length of each curtain was tweuty- +eiii'ht cubits, and the breadth of each curtain +four cubits: there was one measure for all +the curtains. + +10 And he coupled together five of the +curtains one to another: and the other five +curtains he coupled one to another. + +11 And he made loops of blue on the edge +of the one curtain, which Avas the outside in +the coupling : the like he made on the border +of the curtain, which was the outmost on the +second coupling. + +12 Fifty loops made he on the one curtain, +and fifty loops made he on the edge of the +curtain which was in the second coupling: +the loops were fixed opposite to each other. + +13 And he made fifty hooks of gold; and +he coupled the curtains together one unto the +other with the hooks, and the tabernacle'' be- +came thus one piece. , + +14 Tl And he made curtains of goats' hair +for a tent over the tabernacle ; eleven curtaius +made he the same. + +15 The length of each curtain was thirty +cubits, and four cubits was the breadth of each +curtain : there was one measure for the eleven +curtains. + +16 And he coupled five of the curtains by +themselves, and six of the curtains by them- +selves. + +17 And he made fifty loops on the edge of +the curtain that was the outmost in the coup- +ling, and fifty loops made he on the edge of +the curtain of the second coupling. + +18 xind he made iifty hooks of copper, to + + +' It must not be forgotten that the things brought for +the use of the workmen were at first prepared and worked +up to the proper shape in the tents of the donors. Moses, +therefore, properlj- prochiinied that the people should pre- +pare no more, and consequently should bring no more +than was already in the hands of the receivers. Otherwise +nDN'7'D might mean "property," as it is used in that j +seuse in Genesis sxxiii. 14; Exodus xxii. 10; 1 Samuel I +XV. 9. I + +'' The inner curtains, which formed the roof of the +tabcruade proper, were called technically " the taberua- + + +couple the tent together that it might be one +piece. + +19 And he made a covering for the tent of +rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of bad- +gers' skins above.'-' + +20 ^ And he made the boards for the +tabernacle, of shittim wood, standing up. + +21 Ten cubits was the length of each +board, and one cubit and a half was the +breadth of each one board. + +22 There were two tenons for every board, +fitted in, one against the other: the like +made he for all the boards of the tabernacle. + +23 And he made the boards for the taber- +nacle: twenty Vjoards for the south side, on +the right. + +24 And forty sockets of silver made he +under the twenty boards; two sockets under +the one board for its two tenons, and two +sockets under the other board for its two +tenons." + +25 And for the other side of the taber- +nacle, for the north side, he made twenty- +boards : + +26 And their forty sockets of silver; two +sockets under the one board, and two sockets +under the other board. + +27 And for the back wall of the taber- +nacle, westward, he made six boards. + +28 And two boards made he for the corners +of the tabernacle in the back wall. + +29 And they were closely fitting beneath, +and they were closely joined together on the +top, by means of one ring; thus he did to +both of them, for both the corners. + +30 And so there were eight boards, and +their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets, two +sockets under every board. + +31 And he made bars of shittim wood; +five, for the boards of the one side of the +tabernacle; + +32 And five bars for the boards of the +other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for + + +cle," as they formed an essential and visible portion of the +sacred structure; but the curtains of goats' hair were +called '-the tent," as they served merely to -irotect the +more perishable ones which they covered. + +" The boards were provided with two tenons a part of +the thickness of the boards being cut away, so that when +they were inserted in the sockets calculated to receive +them, they covered exactly the surface; the boards were +thus fixed in their sockets, which formed a continuous +row, in the same manner as the steps of a ladder arc in +the side-pieces. + +Ill + + +EXODUS XXXVI. XXXVII. VAYAKHEL. + + +the boards of the tabernacle for the back wall, +westward. + +33 And he made the middle bar to pass +through the midst of the boards from the one +end to tlie other end. + +34 And the boards he overlaid with gold, +and their rings he made of gold, as receptar +cles for the bars, and he overlaid the bars +with gold. + +35 And he made the vail of blue, and pur- +ple, and scarlet yarn, and twisted linen; of +weaver's work made he it, with cherubim. . + +36 And he made thereunto four j^iHai's of +shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold, +their hooks also were of gold; and he cast +for them four sockets of silver. + +37 And he made a hanging for the door +of the tabernacle, of blue, and purple, and +scaiiet yarn, and twisted linen ; the work of +the embroiderer; + +38 And its five pillars with their hooks: +and he overlaid their tops and made their +fillets with gold; and their five sockets were +of copper. + +CHAPTER XXXVII. + +1 Tl And Bezalel made the ark of shittim +wood: two cubits and a half was its length, +and a culait and a half its breadth, and a cubit +and a half its height. + +2 And he overlaid it with pure gold within +and without, and made for it a crown of gold +round about. + +3 And he cast for it four rings of gold, for +the four corners thereof; even two rings on +the one side of it, and two rings on the other +side of it. + +4 And he made staves of shittim wood, +and overlaid them with gold. + +5 And he put the staves into the rings +upon the sides ' "its order;" +for which reason it is rendered above, verse 4, " the order +of showbread." + +• During the week of consecration, and then only, +Moses officiated as priest, for which reason he was for the +time also bound to wash hands and feet at the laver. + +117 + + +THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS, + +VAYIKRA, Nlpn. + +CONTAINING THE ORDINANCES FOR THE SACRIFICES, SANCTUARY, + +PURIFICATIONS, FESTIVALS, &c. + + +SECTION XXIV. VAYIKRA, Klpn. + +CHAPTER L + +1 *\\ And the Lord called unto Moses, and +spoke unto liim out of the tabernacle of the +congregation, saying, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +say unto them, If any one of you wish to +bring an offering unto the Lord : of the cattle, +either of the herds, or of the flocks, shall ye +bring your offering. + +3 If his offering be a burut^sacrifice of the +herds, then shall he offer a male without ble- +mish : unto the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation shall he bring it, that it may be +favourably received for him before the Lord. + +4 And he shall lay his hand upon the head +of the burnt^offering ; and it shall be accepted +for hiin to make atonement for him. + +5 And he shall kill the young steer before +the Lord: and the sons of Aaron the priests +shall bring near the lilood, and they shall +sprinkle the lilood round about upon the altar +that is by the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +. G And he shall flay the burnt-offering, and +cut it into its pieces. + +7 And the sons of Aaron the priest shall +put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in +order upon the fii'e; + +8 And the sons of Aaron the priests shall +lay in order the ])arts, the head, and the fat,"* +upon the wood that is on the fire which is +u2)on the altar; + +9 But its inwards and its legs shall he +wash in water; and the jn-iest shall burn the + + +' Some translate mu with "midriff:" tlir word itself +is of rare occurrence, hence not of a ileeided signification; +but it is translated here according to I he old authorities. + +" AH the sacrifices called "most holy," re([uired to be +slain on the north side of the altar of burnt-sacrifices; these +are the burnt, sin, trespass, and national peace-oflFerings. +118 + + +whole on the altar, as a burnt-sacrifice, an +ofiering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto +the Lord. + +10 ^ And if his offering be of the flocks^ +of the sheep, or of the goats, tor a Ijurnt-sacri- +fice: then shall he offer a male without ble- +mish as the same. + +11 And he shall kill it on the side of the +altar, northward,'' before the Lord; and the +sous of Aaron the priests shall sprinkle its +blood upon the altar round about. + +12 And he shall cut it into its pieces, with +its head and its fat; and the priest shall lay +them in order on the wood that is on the fire +which is upon the altar; + +13 But the inwards and the legs shall he +wash with water; and the priest shall bring +near the whole, and burn it upon the altar; +it is a burnt-sacrifice, an offering made by fire, +of a sweet savour unto the Lord.* + +14 T[ And if of fowls be the burnt-sacrifice +for his oftering to the Lord : then shall he bring +his offering of turtle-doves, or of young pigeons. + +15 And the priest shall bring it near" unto +the altar, and pinch oft' its head, and burn it +on the altar; and the blood thereof shall be +wrung out on the wall of the altar. + +IG And he shall remove its crop with its +feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the +east part, at the place of the ashes. + +1 7 And he shall cleave it by its wings, but +shall not divide it asunder; and the jiriest +shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood +that is on the fire : it is a burutr-sacrifice, an +offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto +the Lord. + + +" The term 3ipn has been for the most part rendered in +this version with "to bring near," that is, to the altar +where all sacrificial rites were performed; and when simply +rendered with "bring," it has the same sense. Otherwise +the term "offer" has also been used, as it is the root of +the word pip "offering." + + +LEVITICUS II. III. VAYIKRA. + + +CHAPTER II. + +1 ^ And when any person wish to offer a +meat-offering unto the Lord: then shall his +offering be of fine flour; and he shall pour +upon it oil, and put thereon frankincense ; + +2 And he shall bring it to one of the sons +of Aaron the priest ; and he shall take there- +from his handful of its flour, and of its oil, +with all its frankincense; and the priest shall +burn tiie memorial of it upon the altar, as an +offering made by fii'e, of a sweet savour unto +the Lord. + +3 And what is left of the meat-offering +shall belong to Aaron and to his sons : it is a +most holy thing, from the fire-offerings of the +Lord. + +4 ^ And if thou bring an oblation of a +mcat>offering baked in the oven, it shall be +of fine flour, unleavened cakes mingled with +oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil. + +5 ^ And if thy oblation be a meat^oflering +baked in a pan, it shall be made of fine flour +miugled with oil, unleavened. + +G Thou shalt break it in pieces, and pour +thereon oil: it is a meat-offering.* + +7 ^ And if thy oblation be a meat-offering +baked in the deep pan, it shall be made of +fine flour with oil. + +8 And thou shalt bring the meat-offering, +which shall be made of these thmgs, unto the +Lord; and the offerer shall present it unto +the priest, who shall bring it near unto the +altar. + +9 And the priest shall take up from the +meat-offering its memorial, and shall burn it +upon the altar: it is an offering made by +fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord. + +10 And that which is left of the meat- +offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons : +it is a most holy thing, from the fire-ofterings +of the Lord. + +11 No mea1>oflering, which ye shall bring +unto the Lord, shall be prej^ared leavened; +fur of whatever is leaven, or of any honey, ye +shall not sacrifice an offering made by tire +unto the Lord. + +12 As an oblation of the firs1>fi"uits shall + + +' Arnheim renders here and elsewhere, "And that on +the," &c. + +" Others, "caul." + +° The first sacrifice ofiered daily upon the altar, was the +daily burnt-ofli'cring ; and before it had been placed ou the + + +ye ofier them unto the Lcird; but on the +altar shall they not come for a sweet savour. + +13 And every oblation of thy meat-oftering +shalt thou season with salt; and thou shalt +not sufler the salt of the covenant of th}- God +to be lacking from thy meat-offering: with all +thy offerings shalt thou ofter salt. + +14 ^ And if thou ofier a meat-offering of +the first-fruits unto the Lord : of ripe ears of +corn dried by the fire, of pounded corn out of +full ears, shalt thou ofier the meat-offering of +thy first-fruits. + +15 And thou shalt put upon it oil, and lay +thereon frankincense : it is a meat-offering. + +16 And the priest shall burn its memorial, +from its pounded corn, and from its oil, with +all its frankincense : it is an oft'ering made by +fire unto the Lord.* + +CHAPTER III. + +1 ][ And if his olilation Ijo a sacrifice of +peace-offering, if he ofier it of the herds, +whether it be a male or female, he shall +offer it without blemish before the Lord. + +2 And he shall lay his hand upon the head +of his offering, and kill it at the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation : and the sons +of Aaron the priests shall sprinkle the blood +upon the altar round about. + +3 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the +peace-offering, as a fire-oflering unto the Lord, +the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the +fat that is upon the inwards, + +4 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is +on them, which is on the flanks," and the +midriff'' above the liver, with the kidneys, +shall he remove it. + +5 And Aaron's sons shall Ijurn it on the +altar, upon the burnt-oftering," which is upon +the wood that is on the fire : it is an ofiering +made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the +Lord. + +6 ][ And if of the flocks be his ofiering for +a sacrifice of peace-oftering unto the Lord, +male or female, without blemish, shall he +ofl'er it. + +7 If he offer a sheep for his offering, then +shall he bring it near before the Lord. + + +fire, no other sacrifice could be burnt there; hence the +phrase "upon the burnt-ofiering which is upon the wood." +Rashi, however, renders h}! like '\2hr2 "besides;" still the +sense is the same in both cases. + +119 + + +LEVITICUS III. IV. VAYIKRA. + + +8 And he shall lay his hand upon the head +of his offering, and kill it before the taber- +nacle of the congregation : and the sons of +Aaron sliall sprinlvle its blood npon the altar +round aljout. + +9 And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the +peace-offering, as a fire-ofiering unto the Lord, +the best part"" thereof, the whole rump, hard +by the backbone shall he take it off; and the +fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat +that is upon the inwards; + +10 And the two kidneys, and the fat that +is upon them, which is on tlie flanks, and the +midriff' above the liver, with the kidneys, +shall he remove it. + +11 And the priest shall burn it upon the +altar: it is the food of the offering made by +fire unto the Lord. + +12 ][ And if a goat be his offering, then +sliall lie In'ing it near before the Lord. + +13 And he shall lay his hand upon its +head, and kill it before the tabernacle of the +congregation: and the sons of Aaron shall +sprinkle its blood upon the altar round about. + +14 And he shall offer thereof his offering, +as a fire-oflering unto the Lord, the fat that +covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is +upon the inwards, + +15 And the two kidneys, and the fat that +is upon them, which is on the flanks, and the +midriff above the liver, with the kidneys +shall he remove it. + +16 And the priest shall burn them upon the +altar; as the food of the ofiering made by fire +for a sweet savour, is all the fat unto the Lord. + +17 A perpetual statute shall it be for your +generations throughout all your dwellings: no +fat nor blood shall ye eat.* + +CHAPTER IV. + +1 *i\ And the Lord spolve unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying. +If any person do sin througli ignorance against +any of the prohibitions'" of the Lord which +ought not to be done, and do any of them ; + + +' This is explained by the uext word.s, "the best part, +tbat is the whole rump;" or as the. moderus have it, "the +whole fat tail," referring to the Syrian sheep, the tail of +wliich is broad and fat. + +'' IJotli the negative and positive precepts are command- +ments; wherefore the first may also bo properly called +nii'D "precepts." + +" This ia explained, that the high-priest's siu must be +120 + + +') If the anointed priest do sin to bring +guiltiness" on the people: then shall he bring +near for his sin, which he hath committed, a +young bullock without blemish, unto the +Lord, for a sin-ofitbring. + +4 And he shall bring the bullock unto the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation +before the Lord; and he shall lay his hand +upon the head of the bullock, and kill'' the +bullock before the Lord. + +5 And the anointed priest shall take some +of the bullock's blood, and binng it into the +ttxbernacle of the congregation : + +6 And the pi'iest shall dip his finger in the +blood; and he shall sprinkle of the Ijlood +seven times before the Lord, before the vail +of the sanctuary. + +7 And the priest shall put some of the +blood upon the horns of the altar of the in- +cense of spices before the Lord, which is in +the tabernacle of the congregation; and all the +(remaining) blood of the bullock shall he pour +out at the bottom of the altar of burnt-offer- +ing, which is at the door of the tabernacle of +the congregation. + +8 And all the fat of the Indlock of the sin- +offering shall he take off from the s;\me : the +fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat +that is upon the inwards, + +9 And the two kidnej's, and the flxt that +is upon them, which is on the flanks, and the +midriff above the liver, with the kidney's, +shall he remove it; + +10 As it is taken off from the bullock of +the sacrifice of peace-offering; and the priest +shall Iniru tlie same upon the altar of burnt- +offering;. + +11 And the skin of the bullock, and all his +flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and +his inwards, and his dung, + +12 Even the whole bullock, shall he carry +forth without the camp, unto a clean place, +to Avhere the ashes are poured out, and burn +him on the w^ood with fire ; upon where the +ashes are poured out shall he be burnt. + +13 ^ And if the whole congregation of + + +like the sin of the elders spoken of in the next seotiou; +/. c, that he give a wrong decision, which the people fol- +low, by which they incur guilt. + +* The word anty means not merely to kill, but to pro- +duce death by cutting the throat, as practised in Israel. +This explanations holds good wherever the word "kill" +occurs when speaking of sacrifices, or of animals slain lor +the ordinary use of the people. + + +LEVITICUS IV. VAYIKRA. + + +Israel sin tlirough ignorance, and a thing be +hidden from the eyes of the assembly," and +tliey do any one of all the prohibitions of the +Lord which ought not to be done, and they +become guilty ; + +14 When now the sin becometh known, +tlirough which they have siimed : then shall +the congregation ofler a young bullock for a +sin-oftering, and shall bring him before the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +15 And the elders of the congregation shall +lay their hands upon the head of the bullock +betbre the Lord; and they shall kill the bul- +lock before the Lord. + +16 And the anointed priest shall luring +some of the bullock's blood into the tabenia- +cle of the congregation : + +17 And the priest shall dip his fuiger in +some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times +before the Lord, before the vail. + +18 And some of the blood shall he put +upon the horns of the altar which is before +the Lord, that is in the tabernacle of the con- +gregation; and all the (remaining) blood shall +he pour out at the bottom of the altar of +burnt-oflering, which is at the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +19 And all his fat shall he take from him, +and burn it upon the altar. + +20 And he shall do with the bullock as he +did with the bullock of the sin-oflering; so +shall he do with this: and the priest shall +make an atonement for them, and it shall be +forgiven unto them. + +21 And he shall carry forth the bullock to +without the camp, and burn him as he bunit +the first bullock ; it is a sm-oflering of the +congregation. + +22 *i\ If a ruler should sin, and do any one +of the prohibitions of the Lord his God which +ought not to be done, through ignorance, aud +become guilty ;'' + +23 If now his sin, wherein he hath +sinned, come to his knowledge : he shall +bring as his oftering, a goat, a male, without +blemish ; + +24 And he shall lay his hand upon the +head of the goat, and kill it on the place + + +' This is explaiued, that the assembled judges decide +err.meously concerning any one of the acts for which +excision (ni^) is denounced, that it is permitted, aud the +people do according to this erroneous decision, thus sin- + + +where they kill the burnt-offering before the +Lord ; it is a sin-offering. + +25 And the priest shall take some of the +blood of the siu-ofiering with his finger, and +put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt- +offering; and (the remainder of) its blood +shall he pour out at the bottom of the altar +of burnt-offering. + +2C And all its fat shall he burn upon the +altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace-offer- +ing; and the priest shall make an atonement +for him concerning lais sin, and it shall be +forgiven unto him.''' + +27 T[ And if any person of the common +people should sin through ignorance, by his +doing any one of the prohibitions of the Lord, +which ought not to be done, and become +guilty; + +28 K now his sin, which he hath committed, +come to his knowledge : then shall he bring as +his offering, a goat, a female, without blemish, +for his sin which he hath committed; + +29 And he shall lay his hand upon the +head of the sin-offering, and slay the sin-offei- +iug on the place of the burnt-offering. + +30 And the priest shall take some of the +blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon +the horns of the alt;ir of burnt-offering; and +all the (remaining) blood thereof shall he pour +out at the bottom of the altar. + +31 And all the fat thereof shall he remove, +as the fat is removed from off the sacrifice of +peace-offering; and the priest shall burn it +upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the +Lord ; and the priest shall make an atonement +for him, and it sliall be forgiven unto him. + +32 ^ And if he bring a sheep for a sin- +offering, a female without blemish shall he +bring it. + +33 And he shall lay liis hand upon the +head of the sin-offering, and slay it for a sin- +offering on the place where they kill the burnt- +offering. + +34 And the priest shall take some of the +blood of the sin-offering with his finger, and +put it upon the horns of the altar of bui-nt-offer- +ing; and all the (remaining) blood thereof +shall he pour out at the bottom of the altar : + + +ning against a vital principle through ignorance, upon the +instruction of their highest religious authority. + +'' Mendelssohn translates this expression, wherever it oc- +curs, " And he becomes aware of his guilt," or as above, +"they become aware of their guilt." + +121 + + +LEVITICUS IV. V. VAYIKRA. + + +35 And all the fat thereof shall he remove, +as the fat of the sheep is removed from the +sacrifice of the peace-offering ; and the priest +shall bum the same upon the altar, upon +the offerings made by fire unto the Lord; +and the priest shall make an atonement for +him for his sin that he hath committed, and +it shall be forgiven unto him. + +CHAPTER V. + +1 *[[ And if any person sin, because he +heareth the voice of adjuration, and he is a +witness, since he liath either seen or knoweth +something ; if he do not tell it, and thus bear +his iniquity ; + +2 Or if there be a person who toucheth any +unclean thing, whether it be the carcass of an +unclean beast, or the carcass of unclean cattle, +or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing, +and it escape his recollection ; but (he becom- +eth aware that) he is unclean, and hath +(thus) incurred guilt; + +3 Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, +whatsoever unclean ness of the kind it be b}' +which he can be defiled, and it escape his re- +collection ; but he becometh aware of it, and +(that) he hath (thus) incurred guilt ; + +4 Or if any p'jrson swear, by pronouncing +with his lips" to i lo evil, or to do good (to him- +self), in whatsoever it be that a man pro- +nounceth with an oath, and it escape his +recollection ; but he becometh aware of it that +he hath incurred guilt by any one of these : + +5 And it shall be, if he have incurred guilt +by any one of these (things,) that he shall con- +fess that concerning which he hath sinned; + +G And he shall bring his trespass-offering +unto the Lord for his sin which he hath com- +mitted, a female from the flocks, a sheep or a +goat, for a sin-offering; and the priest shall +make an atonement for him concerning his +sin. + +7 And if his means be not sufficient for a +sheep, then shall he biing as his offering (for +the trespass) which he hath committed, two +turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, unto the +Lord ; one for a sin-oftering, and the other for +a burnt-offering. + +8 And he shall bring them unto the priest, +and he shall offer tliat which is for the sin- + + +" Philippson renders, " Or if a person swear thought- +lessly to do," &c. llashi .seems to assent to this construc- +(iou by commenting, "witli the lips, but not the heart." +122 + + +offering first, and pinch off its head by the +back of its neck, but shall not divide it +asunder : + +9 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood +of the sin-offering upon the wall of the altar ; +and the rest of the blood shall be wrimg +out at the bottom of the altar; it is a sin- +offering. + +10 And the second shall he prepare as a +burnt-offering, according to the prescribed +order; and the priest shall make an atone- +ment for him for his sin which he hath com- +mitted, and it shall be forgiven unto him.''' + +1 1 T[ But if his means be not sufficient for +two turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, then +shall he bring as his offering for that wliich +he hath sinned, the tenth part of ;vn ephah of +fine flour for a sin-offering; he shall not put +upon it any oil, nor shall he put thereupon +any frankincense ; for it is a sin-offering. + +12 And he shall bring it to the priest; and +the priest shall take from it his handful, as +its memoriiil, and burn it on the altar, upon +the fire-offerings of the Lord: it is a sin- +offering. + +13 And the priest shall make an atonement +for him concerning his sin that he hath com- +mitted in one of these, and it shall be for- +given unto him ; and it shall belong to the +priest, as the meat-offering. + +14 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +15 If any person commit a trespass, and +sin through ignorance, against the holy things +of the Lord: then shall he bring as his tres- +pass-offering unto the Lord a ram without +blemish out of the flocks, in value of two +shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanc- +tuary, for a trespass-offering. + +16 And that, in which he hath sinned +against the holy thing, shall he pay, and shall +add its fifth part thereto, and give it unto the +priest; and the priest shall make an atone- +ment for him with the ram of the trespass- +offering, and it shall be forgiven unto him. + +n % And if any person sin, and commit +any one of the prohibitions of the Lord which +ought not to be done; and he knoAv'' not +whether he have incurred guilt, and so bear +his iniquity : + +^ i. e. It is probable that he has unawares committed a +capital sin, without being certain whether it be so : /. e. that +both lawful and prohibited food had been before him. + + +LEVITICUS V. VI. TZAV. + + +18 Then shall he bring a ram without +blemish out of the flocks, of the usual value, +for a trespass-oftering, unto the priest; and +the priest shall make an atonement for him +concerning his sin of ignorance, wherein he +hath erred and knoweth it not, and it shall +be forgiven unto him; + +19 It is a trespass-oflering : he hath in tres- +passing trespassed against the Lord." + +20 *! And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +21 If any person sin, and commit a tres- +pass against the Lord ; if he, namely, lie unto +his neighbour in that which was delivered +to him to keep, or in a loan, or in a thing- +taken away by violence, or if he have with- +held the wages of his neighbour ; + +22 Or if he have found something which +was lost, and lie concerning it, and swear +ialsely ; in any one of all these which a man +can do, to sin thereby : _ + +23 Then shall it be, when he hath sinned, +and is conscious of his guilt, that he shall re- +store what he hath taken violently away, or +the wages which he hath withheld, or that +which was delivered to him to keep, or the +lost thing which he hath found,* + +24 Or any one thing about which he may +have sworn falsely; and he shall restoi'e it in +its principal, and the fifth part thereof shall +he add thereto; unto him to whom it apper- +taineth shall he give it, on the day when he +confesseth his trespass. + +25 And his trespass-oflering shall he bring +unto the Lord, a ram without blemish out of +the flocks, of the usual value, for a trespass- +offering, unto the priest: + +26 And the priest shall make an atone- +ment for him before the Lord, and it shall be +forgiven unto him, for any one thing of all +that he may have done to trespass thereby. + +Ilaphtorah in Isai.ah xliii. 21 to xliv. 23. + + +SECTION XXV. TZAV, IV. + +CHAPTER VI. + +1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + + +" In the Eug. ver. the fifth chapter ends here. +^ Lit. " Upon the place of burning." +" t. e. The altar. + +* This word must be so understood : the meat-offering +is brought to the altar; the greater part is given to the + + +2 Command Aaron and his sons, saj'ing, +This is the law of the burnt-oflering : It is +the burnt-ofiering, which shall be burning'' +upon the altar all night unto the morning, and +the fire of the altar shall be burning on it.° + +3 And the priest shall put on his linen +garment, and linen breeches shall he put upon +his flesh, and he shall lift up the ashes which +the fire hath made by consuming the burnt- +ofiering on the altar, and he shall place them +beside the altar. + +4 And he shall take off his garments, and +put on other garments, and carry forth tlie +ashes to without the camp, unto a clean place. + +5 And the fire upon the altar shall be +burning on it, it shall not be put out, and the +priest shall burn wood on it every morning; +and he shall lay in order upon it the burnt- +offering, and he sliall burn thereon the fat of +the peace-ofierings. + +6 A perpetual fire shall be burning upon +the altar; it shall not go out. + +7 ][ And this is the law of the meat-offering : +(one of) the sons of Aaron shall bring it near +before the Lord, in front of the altar. + +8 And he shall lift up from it his handful, +of the flour of the meat-offering, and of its oil, +and all the frankincense which is upon the +meat-oftering, and he shall burn it upon the +altar, for a sweet savour,' as its memorial,'* +unto the Lord. + +9 And what is left thereof shall Aaron and +his sons eat : unleavened shall it be eaten in a +holy place; in the court of the tabernacle of +the congregation shall they eat it. + +10 It shall not be baked leaven; as their +portion have I given it from my offerings +made by fire; it is most holy, as is the sin- +offering, and as is the trespass-offering. + +11 All the males among the children of +Aaron shall eat of it, as a fixed portion for +ever in your generations from the fire-offer- +ings of the Lord: every one that toucheth +the same shall be holy.* + +12 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +13 This is the offering of Aaron and of his +sons, which they shall offer imto the Lord on +the day when he is anointed : the tenth part + + +priest ; but the portion offered on the altar is, as it were, +that which causeth the offerer to be remembered on high. +Philippson translates the word as " the part to praise +therewith." + +123 + + +LEVITICUS VI. VII. TZAV. + + +of an ephah of fine flour for a meat-offering +perpetually; half of it in the morning, and +the other half of it in the evening. + +14 In a pan, with oil, shall it be made, well +sodden" shalt thou bring it; twice baked, a +meat-offering of broken pieces, shalt thou offer +it for a sweet savour unto the Lord. + +15 And the priest that shall be anointed +in his stead among his sons shall offer it: it +is a statute for ever, unto the Lord; it shall be +wholly burnt. + +16 And every meat-offering of a priest +shall be wholly burnt, it shall not be eaten. + +17 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +18 Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, say- +ing, This is the law of the sin-offering : On the +place where the burnt-ofiering is killed shall +the sin-offering be killed before the Lord; it +is most holy. + +19 The priest who maketh atonement with +its blood shall eat it : in a holy place shall it +be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +20 Whatsoever may touch the flesh there- +of shall be holy: and if there should be +sprinkled any of its blood upon a garment, +whatever it hath been sprinkled on shalt thou +wash out in a holy place. + +21 And any earthen vessel wherein it may +have been boiled shall be broken : and if it +have been boiled in a copper vessel, it shall +be both scoured and rinsed with water. + +22 Every male among the priests may eat +thereof: it is most holy. + +23 And every sin-ofiering whereof any of +the blood is brought into the tabernacle of the +congregation to make atonement therewith in +the holy place, shall not be eaten; it shall be +burnt in fire. + +CHAPTER VII. + +1 ^ And this is the law of the trespass- +offering: It is most holy. + +2 On the place where they kill the burnt- +offering shall they kill the trespass-offering; + + +" So Rashi explains the word n^D^D "sodden sufficient +in hot water ;" after which it was baked in an oven, broken +in pieces, and baked again in the pan. Others explain +tiiis term with " softened with oil." Hut tiiis being one +of the words wliich occur in but one passage, it is difficult +to state it« precise signification. + +'' This is variously explalMcd, so as to agree with the +121 + + +and the blood thereof shall be sprinkled upon +the altar round about. + +3 And all its ftit shall be offered up from +it; the rump, and the fit that covereth the +inwards, + +4 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is +on them, which is on the flanks, and the mid- +riff above the liver, with the kidneys shall +he remove the same : + +5 And the priest shall burn them upon the +altar for an ofiering made l)y fire unto the +Lord; it is a trespass-oftering. + +G Ever}' male among the priests may eat +thereof; in a holy place shall it be eaten : it +is most holy. + +7 As the sin-ofiering is, so is the trespass- +offering; there is one law for them: the priest +that maketh atonement therewith, his shall +it be. + +8 And the priest that offeretli any man's +burnt-ofiering, — the skin of the burnt-offering +which he hath ofiered shall belong to this +priest alone. + +9 And every meat-offering that is baked in +the oven, and all that is dressed in the deep +pan, and in the flat 2">an, shall belong to the +priest that ofl'ereth it alone.*" + +10 And every meat-offering which is min- +gled with oil, or dry, shall Ijelong to all the +sons of Aaron, to one as much as the other.'" + +11 T[ And this is the law of the sacrifice +of peace-offering, which one may happen to +ofler unto the Lord. + +12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then +shall he offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiv- +ing unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and un- +leavened wafers anointed withoil, and fine flour, +well sodden, made into cakes mingled with oil. + +13 Together with cakes of leavened bread +shall he bring his offering, with the sacrifice +of his thanksgiving peace-offering. + +14 And he shall offer tliereol' one out of +every oblation for a heave-offering unto the +Lord; to the priest that sprinkleth the blood +of the i)eace-offering — to him sludl it lielong. + +15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his + + +next verse. First, that it is the absolute property of the +officiating priest, to distribute it at his option among his +fellows; secondly, that it belongs to the family division +of the sacrificer who may have the duties to perform on +the day of the sacrifice. Arnhcim and others render +verse 10, "]5ut," &c., thus making a distinction between +the various kinds of sacrifices. + + +LEVITICUS VII. TZAV. + + +tlianksghing-peace-oifering shall be eaten the +same day that it is ofiered; he shall not leave +any of it until the morning. + +16 But if the sacrifice of his offering be a +vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten +the same day that he offereth his sacrifice: +and on the morrow also shall what is left +thereof be eaten. + +17 But what is left of the flesh of the sacri- +fice, on the third day shall it be burnt with +fire. + +18 And if the intention" was to eat of the +flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offering on +the thii'd day, it shall not be favourably re- +ceived ; to him who oflereth it shall it not be ac- +counted; it shall be an abomination, and the +person that eateth of it shall bear liis iniquity. + +19 And the flesh, that toucheth an}- unclean +thing, shall not be eaten, with fire shall it +be burnt: and as for the flesh, every one +tluvt is clean may eat thereof + +20 But the person that eateth the flesh of +the sacrifice of peace-offering, that pertaineth +unto the Lord, having his uncleanness upon +him, even that person shall be cut ofi" from +his people. + +21 And any pensoii that toucheth any un- +clean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any +unclean beast, or any abominable unclean +thing, and eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice +of peace-offering, which pertaineth unto the +Lord, even that person sliall be cut off from +his people. + +22 And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +23 Speak unto the children of Israel, say- +ing, Every manner of fat, of ox,'' or of sheep, +or of goat shall ye not eat. + +24 And the tat of a beast that dieth of +itself, and the tat of that which is torn by- +beasts, may be used for any manner of work, +but ye shall in no wise eat of it. + +25 For whosoever eateth the fat of tlie +cattle, of which one can offer an offering made +by fire unto the Lord, cacu the person that +eateth it shall be cut off from his people. + +26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of + +' After Rashi, in accordance with Zebachim, folio 28 a. +See also Wesscli's note to this verse, where he proves that +it would be incorrect to render "if any of the flesh, &c. +be eaten." + +'' These are thb species of which a sacrifice can be +brought: consequently, the fat of the deer-kind is per- +mitted. + + +blood, in any of your dwellmgs, whether it l)e +of fowl or of cattle.' + +27 Whatsoever person it be that eateth +any manner of blood, even that person shall +be cut ofl" from his people. + +28 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying,^ + +29 Speak unto the children of Israel, say- +ing, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace- +offering unto the Lord shall bring his oblation +unto the Lord from the sacrifice of his peace- +oftering. + +30 His own hands shall bring it, as the +fire-oflerings of the Lord: the fat with the +breast shall he bring, the breast that it may +be waved for a wave-offering before the Lord. + +31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon +the altar; but the breast shall belong to +Aaron and to his sons. + +32 And the right shoulder shall ye give +unto the priest for a heave-offering, of the +sacrifices of your peace-offerings. + +33 The one that offereth the blood of the +peace-offerings and the fat, among the sons +of Aaron, shall have the right shoulder for +his part. + +34 For the breast which hath been waved +and the shoulder which hath been lifted up +have I taken from the children of Israel from +the sacrifices of their peace-offerings; and I +have given them unto Aaron the priest and +unto his sons as a fixed portion* for ever from +the children of Israel. + +35 This is the portion of the anointing" of +Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, from +the fire-ofterings of the Lord, on the day +when he brought them near to become priests +unto the Lord; + +36 AVhich the Lord commanded to give +unto them, on the day that he anointed them, +from the children of Israel, as a fixed portion +for ever throughout their generations. + +37 This is the law of the burnt-offering, of +the mea<>offering, and of the sin-offering, and +of the trespass-offering, and of the consecra- +tion-offering, and of the sacrifice of the peace- +offering ; + +° The blood, however, of all four-footed animals, as well +as of birds, is interdicted, without distinction, whether the +individual be fit for sacrifice or not. + +^ The word pn, otherwise rendered "statute," is here +given, after Mendelssohn, with "fixed portion." (See +Genesis xlvii. 22.) + +' i. e. His, in consequence uf his being anointed. + +-•j + + +LEVITICUS VII. VIII. TZAV. + + +38 Which the Lord commanded Moses on +mount Sinai, on the day that he commanded +the children of Israel to offer their oblations +unto the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai.* + +CHAPTER VIII. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Take Aaron and his sons with him, and +the garments, and the anointing oil, and the +bullock for the sin-offering, and the two rams, +and the basket of unleavened bread ; + +3 And all the congregation shalt thou as- +semble together unto the door of the taber- +nacle of the congregation. + +4 And Moses did as the Lord had com- +manded him ; and the assembly came together +unto the door of the tabernacle of the con- +gregation. + +5 And Moses said unto the congregation. +This is the thing which the Lord hath com- +manded to do. + +6 And Moses brought near Aaron and his +sons, and washed them with water. + +7 And he put upon him the coat, and +girded him with the girdle, and clothed him +with the robe, and put upon him the ephod, +and he girded him with the Ijelt of the ej)hod, +and bound it unto him therewith. + +8 And he put on him the breastplate ; and +he put in the breastj)late the Urim and the +Thummim. + +9 And he put the mitre upon his head; +and he placed upon the mitre, toward the +front thereof, the golden plate, the holy +crown; as the Lord had commanded Moses. + +10 And Moses took the anointing oil, and +anointed the tabernacle and all that was +therein, and sanctified them. + +11 And he sprinkled thereof upon the +altar seven times; and he anointed the altar +and all its vessels, also the laver and its foot, +to sanctify them. + +12 And he poured of the anointing oil upon +Aaron's head, and he anointed him, to sanc- +tify him. + + +' This is the manner in which Arnheim and Wesseli +explain ontyi used here and in verses 19 and 23, it hav- +ing in all these instances a disjunctive accent. Mcndels- +siilin, however, after Torath Kohanim, both transl.ates +"and Moses slew and took the blood," and comments that +prcibalily during the week of consecration the killing of +the sacrifices was recjuired to be done by Moses, periiaps +to show the people the manner of kiUinj^ the same, as +120 + + +13 And Moses brought near the sons of +Aaron, and clothed them with coats, and +girded them with girdles, and bound the bon- +nets on them; as the Lord had commanded +Moses.* + +14 And he brought near the bullock of the +sin-offering: and Aaron and his sons laid +their hands upon the head of the bullock of +the sin-offering. + +15 And some one° slew him; and Moses +took the blood, and put it upon the horns of +the altar round about with his finger, and +purified the altar, and the (remaining) blood +he poured out at the bottom of the altar, and +sanctified it, to make henceforth atonement +upon it. + +16 And he took all the fat that was upon +the inwards, and the midrifi' of the liver, and +the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses +burnt them upon the altar. + +17 But the bullock, and his hide, and his +flesh, and his dung, he burnt with fire with- +out the camp; as the Lord had commanded +Moses. + +18 And he brought near the ram of the +burnf>of}ering ; and Aaron and his sons laid +their hands upon the head of the ram. + +19 And some one killed him; and Moses +sprinkled the blood upon the altar round +about. + +20 And the ram he'' cut into the proper +pieces; and Moses burnt the head, and the +pieces, and the fat. + +21 And he washed the inwards and the +legs in water; and Moses burnt the whole +ram upon the altar : it was a burntr-saorifice +for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire +unto the Lord; as the Lord had commanded +Moses.* + +22 And he brought near the other ram, +the ram of consecration; and Aaron and his +sons laid their hands upon the head of the +ram. + +23 And some one slew him; and Moses +took some of his blood, and put it upon the +tip of Aaron's right ear, and upon the thumb + +he performed all the other duties of the service to show +them all the laws thereof. + +'' M^^sseli and Arnheim remark that the cutting up +and the washing of the sacrifice were probably performed +by another person, as above, verse 15; as they do not +properly belong to the net of sacrificing, and could there- +fore be done liy a person not connected with the priest- +hood. + + +LEVITICUS VIII. IX. SHEMINEE. + + +of bis right hand, and upon tiio great toe of +his right foot. + +24 And he brought near Aaron's sons, and +Moses put some of the blood upon the tip of +their right ear, and upon the tliunib of their +right hand, and upon the great toe of their +right toot; and Moses sprinkled the blood +upon the altar round about. + +25 And he took the fat, and the rump, +and all the fat that was upon the inwards, +and the midriff of the liver, and the two kid- +neys, and their fat, and the right shoulder ; + +26 And out of the basket of unleavened +bread, that was before the Lord," he took one +unleavened cake, and one cake of oiled bread, +and one wafer, and he put them on the fat, +and upon the right shoulder : + +27 And he placed the whole upon the +hands of Aaron, and upon the hands of his +sons, and made with them a waving before +the Lord. + +28 And Moses then took these things from +ofl' their hands, and burnt them on the altar +upon the burnt-ofFeriug ^ they were a conse- +cration-offering for a sweet savour, a fire-offer- +ing were they unto the Lord. + +29 And Moses took the breast, and made +therewith a waving before the Lord; from +the ram of consecration was it given to Moses +as his portion; as the Lord had commanded +Moses.* + +30 And Moses took some of the anointing +oil, and of the blood which Avas ujjon the +altar, and sprinkled the same upon Aaron, +and upon his garments, and upon his sons, +and upon the garments of his sons with him ; +and he sanctified Aaron, his garments, and +his sons, and the garments of his sons with +him. + +31 And Moses said unto Aaron and to his +sons, Boil ye the flesh at the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation; and there +shall ye eat it with the bread that is in the +basket- of the consecration; as I have com- +manded, saying, Aaron and his sons shall +eat it. + +32 And that which is left of the flesh and +of the bread shall ye burn with fire.* + +33 And from the door of the tabernacle of + + +" Meaning, the basket which had been placed near the +altar, as by this means it was more in the presence of God +than in any other place. + +' Lit. "Shall he (the consecrator) fill your hand." + + +the congregation shall ye not go forth seven +days, until the days of your consecration be +at an end; for seven days shall your conse- +cration last.'' + +34 As they have done this day, so haih +the Lord commanded to do farther, to make +an atonement for 3'ou. + +35 And at the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation shall ye abide day and night +seven days, and keep the charge of the Lord, +that ye die not; for so have I been com- +manded. + +36 And Aaron aitd his sons did all the +things which the Lord had commanded jjy +the hand of Moses. + +Haphtorah in Jeremiah vii. 21 to viii. 3 and is. 22, 23. + + +SECTION XXVL SHEMINEE, 'yDC + +CHAPTER IX. + +1 Tl And it came to pass < n the eighth day +that Moses called Aaron and his sons, and +the elders of Israel ; + +2 And he said unto Aaron, Take unto thy- +self a young calf" for a sin-offering, and a ram +for a burnt-offering, without blemish, and +bring them near before the Lord. + +3 And unto the children of Israel shalt +thou speak, sajdng, Take ye a he-goat for a +sin-offering; and a calf and a sheep, both of +the first year, without blemish, for a burnt- +offering ; + +4 Also a bullock and a ram for peace-offer- +ings, to sacrifice before the Lord, and a meat- +offering mingled with oil; for this day the +Lord will appear unto you. + +5 And they brought that which Moses had +commanded before the tabernacle of the con- +gregation : and all the congregation drew near +and stood before the Lord. + +6 And Moses said. This thing which the +Lord. hath commanded shall ye do: and then +will tlie glory of the Lord appear ur to you. + +7 And Moses said unto Aaron, Draw near +unto the altar, and prepare thy sin-oflering. +and thy burnt-ofiering, and make an atone- +ment for thj'self, and lor the people ; and pre- +pare the offering of the people, and make an + + +° This phrase ip3 p Sj;? is said to mean a steer of two +years, so likewise "ram" signifies one two years old; but +when the words Sji' and n/ij "calf" and "sheep" are +used, they mean animals one year old. + +127 + + +LEVITICUS IX. X. SHEMINEE. + + +atonement for them; as the Lord hath com- +mauded. * + +8 And Aaron drew near nnto the altar; +and he slew the calf of the sin-ofiering, which +Avas for himself. + +9 And the sons of Aaron brought the +blood unto him; and he dipped his finger in +the blood, and put it upon the honis of the +altar; and the (remaining) blood he poured +out at the bottom of the altar + +10 And the fat, and the kidneys, and the +midriflf from the liver of the sin-offering, he +burnt upon the altar; tis the Lord had com- +manded Moses. + +11 And the flesh and the hide he burnt +with fire without the camp. + +12 And he slew the burnt-offering; and +the sons of Aaron presented unto him the +blood, and he sprinkled it upon the altar +round about. + +13 And the burnt-offering they presented +unto him, in its proper pieces, together with +the head: and he burnt them upon the +altar. + +14 And he washed the inwards and the +legs; and he burnt them uj^on the burnt- +offering on the altar. + +15 And he brought near the people's offer- +ing ; and he took the goat of the sin-offering +which belonged to the people, and slew it, +and made atonement" with its blood, as the +first. + +16 And he brought near the burnt-offering, +and offered it according to the prescribed +manner.* + +17 And he brought near the meat-offering, +and he filled his hand thereof, and burnt it +upon the altar, beside the burnt-sacrifice of +the morning. + +18 He slew also the bullock and the ram, +the sacrifice of peace-offering which belonged +to the people: and the sous of Aaron pre- +sented unto him the blood, and he sprinkled +it upon the altar round about, + +19 Also the fat of the bullock, and of the +ram, the rumj), and that which covereth the + +' Onkelos thus renders iDNBrri, aud views it as express- +ing that the priest made of it a siu-ofForing by sprin- +kling the blood: the word UowJ, however, is not in the +text, and is merely understood. So also above, vi. 19, +and elsewhere. + +" The guilt of the sons of Aaron (more correctly Aha- +ron) evidently consisted in their bringing incense upon a +censa' which had not been commanded, as it was merely +128 + + +inwards, and the kidneys, and the midriff of +the liver; + +20 And they put these jiieces of fot upon +the breasts, and he burnt the lat upon the +altar; + +21 And with the breasts and the right +shoulder Aaron made a waving before the +Lord; as Moses had commanded. + +22 And Aaron lifted \i\) his hands toward +the people, and blessed them ; and came down +after he had offered the sin-offering, and the +burnt-offering, and peace-offerings. + +23 And Moses and Aaron went into the +tabernacle of the congregation, and came then +out, and blessed the people : and the glory of +the Lord appeared unto all the people.* + +24 And there came forth a fire from before +the Lord, and consumed upon the altar the +burnt^offering and the fat; and when all the +people saw this, they shouted, and lell on +their faces. + +CHAPTER X. + +1 And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of +Aaron, took each his censer, and they put +therein fire, and put thereon incense: and +they brought near before the Lord a strange +fire,* which he had not commanded them. + +2 Anc\ there went out a fire from Ijefore +the Lord, and consumed them, and they died +before the Lord. + +3 Then said Moses unto Aaron. This is +what the Lord hath sjwken, saying, On those +who are near unto me will I be sanctified, +and before all the people will I be glorified: +and Aaron held his peace. + +4 And Moses called unto Mishael and El- +zaphan, the sons of 'Uzziel, the uncle of Aaron, +and said unto them, Come near, carry your +brethren from before the sanctuary to without +the camp. + +5 And they came near, and carried them +in their coats to without the camp ; as Moses +had spoken. + +6 And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto +Elazar and unto Ithamar, his sons. The hair + + +to be sacrificed on the altar which was within the sanc- +tuary, and then but twice every d.-iy. .^nd wliilo they +were engaged in this unacceptable ministry, they were +slain in the tabernach^ by the mysterious fire. The +words "consumed thciu" must, however, be understood, +not as a perfect burning, but as merely em iigh to cause +death, or else they could not have been carried forth to be +buried iu their garments. + + +LEVITICUS X. XL SHEMINEE. + + +of your head you. shall not let grow long, and +your garments you shall not rend, that ye +die not, and that he be not Avroth upon the +Avhole congregation; but your Ijrethren, the +whole house of Israel, nuxy bewail the burn- +ing which the Lord hath kindled. + +7 And from the door of the taljernacle of +the congregation shall ye not go out, lest ye +die; for the anointing oil of the Lord is upon +you ; and they did according to the word of +Moses. + +8 T[ And the Lord spoke unto Aaron, +saying, + +9 Wine or strong drink" shalt thou not +drink, neither thou, nor thy sons with thee, +when ye go in unto the tabernacle of the con- +gregation, lest 3'e die : it shall Ije a statute for +ever throughout your generations. + +10 So that ye may be able to distinguish +between Ihe lioly and the unholy, and be- +tween the unclean and the clean ; + +11 And that ye may he able to teach the +children of Israel all the statutes which the +Lord hath spoken unto them by the hand of +Moses.* + +12 ][ And Moses spoke unto Aaron, and +unto Elazar and unto Ithamar his sons, that +were left, Take ye the meat-offering that is +left of the fire-offerings of the Lord, and eat +it unleavened beside the altar ; for it is most +holy. + +13 And ye shall eat it in a holy place, be- +cause it is thy fixed portion, and the fixed +portion of thy sons, from the fire-ofierings of +the Lord; for so have I been commanded. + +14 And the breast which hath been waved +and the shoulder which hath been lifted up, +shall ye eat in a clean place, thou, and thy +sons, and thy daughtei's with thee ; for as thy +fixed portion, and the fixed portion of thy +sous, have they been given from the sacrifices +of peace-offerings of the children of Israel. + +15 The shoulder which is waved and the + +' From the fact that this section follows immediately +the one containing the death of Aaron's sons, it was the +opinion of Rabbi Ishmael, that they had entered the sanc- +tuary in a state of drunkenness; be this as it may, it is an +energetic prohibition against the use of any intoxicating +drink, by priests or judges, before they engage in their +solemn duties. + +'' Aaron uo doubt meant to exhibit to Moses, that as he +had not enumerated the sin-offering among the things to be +eaten, (verse 12,) it would have been wrong for him to eat +thereof, while his sons were yet unburied ; and he there- +fore had it burnt, as it could not lawfully be kept till the +R + + +breast which is lifted up, shall they bring with +the fat of the fire-offering, to make thei-ewith +a waving before the Lord; and then shall it +be thine, and thy sons with thee, as a fixed +portion tor ever; as the Lord hath com- +manded.* + +IG And the goat of the sin-offering Moses +sought diligently, and behold, it was burnt : +and he was angry with Elazar and Ithamar, +the sous of Aaron who had been left, and +said, + +17 Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin- +offering in the holy place, seeing that it is +most hoi}', and that he hath given it to you +to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to +make atonement for them before the Lord ? + +18 Behold, its blood was not brought with- +in the holy place : ye should then have eaten +it in the holy place, as I commanded. + +19 And Aaron spoke unto Moses, Behold, +this day have they offered their sin-offering, +and their burnt-oflcring before the Lord ; and +things as these have befallen me : and if I had +eaten the sin-ofiering to-da}',^ would it have +been pleasing in the eyes of the Lord ? + +20 And when Moses heard this, it was +pleasing in his eyes.* + +CHAPTER XI. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +to Aaron, saying unto them, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, +These are the beasts which ye may eat among +all the laeasts'' that are on the earth. + +3 Whatsoever divideth the hoof, and is +cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among +the beasts, that may ye eat. + +4 But these shall ye not eat, of those that +chew the cud, or of those that divide the +hoof: the camel ; because he cheweth the cud, +but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto + + +you. + + +5 And the conv; because he cheweth the + + +next day. And though he had concluded wrongly, still +Moses was satisfied; as he had acted from pure intentions. +— After Wesseli. + +" nrDHD in this and subsequent verses is rendered by +Arnheim " fourfonted," i. eranimals. Usually it is given +with " cattle," that is, the domestic ones, in opposition to +rrn "the beast" which roams wild. But as "beast" in +English includes both the wild and domestic animal, the +word has been used to express both rrn and n-ina, fnim +the difficulty of translating them always with the proper +synonyme. + + +LEVITICUS XL SIIEMINEE. + + +cud, but dividetli not the hoof; he is unclean +unto you. + +6 And the hare; because he cheweth the +cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean +unto you. + +7 And the swine; because he divideth the +hoof, and is cloven-footed, but he cheweth not +the cud ; he is unclean unto you. + +8 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their +carcass shall ye not touch; they ai-e unclean +unto you. + +9 These may ye eat, of all that are in the +waters: All that have fins and scales in the +waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them +may ye eat. + +10 But all that have not fins and scales in +the seas, and in the rivers, of whatever moy- +eth in the waters, and of any living thing +which is in the waters, shall be an abomina- +tion unto you : + +11 And an aliominatiou shall they remain +unto you ; of their flesh shall ye not eat, +and their carcasses ye shall liave in abomina^ +tion. + +12 Whatsoever hath not fins and scales in +the waters, shall be an abomination unto +you. + +13 And these shall ye have in abomination +among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, +they are an abomination : The eagle," and the +ossifrage, and the osprey, + +14 And the vulture, and the kite after his +kind ; + +1 5 Every raven after his kind ; + +16 And the ostrich, and the night-hawk, +and the cuckoo, and the hawk after his +kind ; + +17 And the little owl, and the cormorant, +and the great owl, + +18 And the swan, and the pelican, and the +gier-eagle, + +19 And the stork, tlie heron after his kind, +and the lapwing, and the bat. + +20 All flying insects that walk upon four +feet, shall be an ahomination unto you. + +21 Yet these may ye eat, among all the + + +' The meaning of some of the birds' names, like that of +the stones in the breastplate, are of very uncertain signi- +fication. (See also Dent. xiv. 12-18.) + +■■ All these are species of the locust — the particular +kinds are not known ; hence they are left untranslated, as +has been done by Mendelssohn and Aruheim. The same +uncertainty prevails concerning the animals nieutioncd in +Verse.-i iiU and o 1, +130 + + +flying insecis that walk on four feet, which +have spring-legs above their feet, to leap +therewith upon the earth. + +22 These of them may ^-e eat : The locust +after its kind, and the sol'am'' after its kind, +and the chargol after its kind, and the chagab +after its kind. + +23 But all flying insects, which have four +feet, shall be an abomination unto you; + +24 And through these shall ye be rendered +unclean: whosoever toucheth tlie carcass of +them shall be unclean until the evening; + +25 And who.soever beareth aught of their +carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean +imtil the evening. + +26 Every species of beast,'' which divideth +the hoof and is not cloven-footed nor cheweth +the cud, is unclean unto 30U : every one that +toucheth the same shall be unclean. + +27 And all that walk upon their paws, +among all manner of beasts that walk on four +feet, are unclean unto you ; whosoever touch- +eth their carcass shall be unclean until the +evening. + +28 And he that beareth their carcass shall +wash his clothes, and be unclean until the +evening: unclean shall they be unto 30U. + +29 ^[ And these shall be unclean unto you +among the creeping things that creep upon +the earth : The weasel, and the mouse, and the +tortoise after its kind, + +30 And the hedgehog, and the chame- +leon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the +mole. + +31 These shall be unclean to you among +all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, +when they are dead, shall be unclean until +the evening. + +32 And every thing upon which any ])art +of them, when they are dead, doth lull, shall +be unclean ; whether it be any ^'essel of Mood, +or raiment, or skin, or sack, ever^- ^■essel +wherewith any work can be done, must be put +into water, and it shall be unclean until the +evening, Avlien it shall be clean.''' + +33 And every earthen vessel whereinto + +" In this the prohibition is rendered general, that any +animal which has a hoof that is not divided tiiruugh, +though it be partially split, shall be unclean. The touch- +ing to render man unclean, refers to the carcass, not the +living animal, as appears from the wdiole tenor of the pre- +cept given here with regard to uncleanuess arising from +touching unclean animals. Verse 27 interdicts all animals +that iiayc neither niark of cleanness bci'ore given, + + +LEVITICUS XI. XII. TAZREEANG. + + +any part of them falletli, whatsoever is in it +shall be unclean; and itself shall ye break. + +34 All kinds of food which may be eaten," +on which water cometh, shall be unclean : and +all drink that may be drunk, shall be render- +ed unclean in every vessel. + +35 And every thing whereupon any part +of their carcass falleth, shall be unclean; an +oven,^ or ranges for pots, shall be broken +down, they are unclean; and unclean shall +they be unto j^ou. + +36 Nevertheless, a fountain, or pit, recepta- +cles for water, shall be clean;' but lie"* that +toucheth their carcass shall be unclean. + +37 And if any part of their carcass fall +upon any sowing-seed which hath been* sown, +it shall be clean. + +38 But if any water be ^nit upon the seed, +and any part of their carcass tall thereon, it +shall be unclean unto you. + +39 ][ And if any cattle die, which is allow- +ed to you as food : he that toucheth its car- +cass shall be unclean until the evening. + +40 And he that eateth of its carcass shall +wash his clothes, and be unclean until the +evening ; he also that beareth its carcass shall +wash his clothes, and be unclean until the +evening. + +41 And every creeping thing that creepeth +upon the earth is an abomination, it shall not +be eaten. + +42 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and +whatsoever goeth upon four feet, down to +whatsoever hath many feet among all creep- +ing things that creep upon the earth, shall ye +not eat; for they are an abomination. + +43 Ye shall not make yourselves abomina- +ble with any creeping thing that creepeth; +and ye shall not make yourselves unclean +with them, that ye should be defiled thereby. + +44 For I am the Lord 30ur God ; ye shall +therefore sanctifj' yourselves, and ye shall be +holy ; for I am holy : neither shall ye make +yourselves unclean with any manner of creep- +ing thing that creepeth upon the earth.* + +45 For I am the Lord that have Ijrought +you up out of the land of Egypt, to be }'our + +'"This refers to the preceding verse; whatever food +on wliich water has been put, as also all manner of drink +which shall happen to be in the unclean vessel, shall be +rendered unclean." — Rashi. + +' Tradition defines these to mean movable earthen +ovens and ranu-es. + + +God ; }'e shall therefore be holy, for I am +holy. + +46 This is the law of the beasts, and of +the fowl, and of every living creature that +moveth in the waters, and of every creature +that creepeth upon the earth : + +47 To distinguish between the unclean and +the clean, and between the beast that may be +eaten and the beast that may not be eaten. + +Haphtorah in 2 Samuel vi. 1 to 19. The Germans read to +vii. 3, and the Italians to verso 17. + + +SECTION XXVII. TAZREEANG, >'nrn + +CHAPTER XII. + +1 *(\ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, +If a woman have conceived seed, and born a +male child: then shall she be unclean seven +days, even as in the dajs of the separation +for her infirmity shall she be unclean. + +3 And on the eighth day shall the flesh of +his foreskin be circumcised. + +4 And thirty and three days shall she then +continue in the blood of her pui-ification ; any +thing hallowed shall she not touch, and into +the sanctuary shall she not come, initil the +days of her puinfication be at an end. + +5 But if she bear a female child, then shall +she be unclean two Aveeks, as in her separa- +tion; and sixty and six days shall she con- +tinue in the blood of the purification. + +6 And at the completion of the days of her +purification, for a son, or for a daughter, she +shall bring a sheep of the first jear lor a +burnt-oflering, and a joung pigeon, or a +turtle-dove, for a sin-ofl'ering, unto the door +of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the +priest. + +7 And he shall bring it near before the +Lord, and make an atonement for her, and +she shall be cleansed irom the issue of her +blood; this is the law for her tliat hath given +birth to a male or to a female. + +8 And if her mealis will not suffice for a + + +° " Even should a +■i " Though he be + +water." — Kasui. +' " In a way that + +Jonathan. + + +carcass lie therein." — Arniieim. +at the time in a fountain or pit of + +il call be sown in a dry state." — + +J31 + + +LEVITICUS XII. XIII. TAZREEANG. + + +lauib, then shall she take two turtle-doves, or +two young pigeons, the one for a burnt^ +offering, and the other for a sin-oftering; and +the priest shall make an atonement for her, +and she shall be clean. + +CHAPTER XIII. + +1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +2 If a man shall have in the skin of his +flesh a swelling,"' a rising, or a bright spot, +and it might become* in the skin of his flesh +the plague of leprosy : then shall he be brought +unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons +the priests. + +3 And if the priest shall see the plague +in the skin of the flesh, and the hair in the +plague be turned white, and the appearance of +the plague be deeper than the skin of his +flesh : it is a plague of leprosy ; and (so soon +as) the priest shall see him, he shall pro- +nounce him unclean. + +4 But if it be a white bright spot in the +skin of his flesh, and its appearance be not +deeper than the skin, and the hair be not +turned white : then shall the priest shut up +the plague seven days. + +5 And the priest shall see him on the +seventh day; and, behold, if the plague have +remained unchanged in its appearance, the +l^lague have not spread in the skin : then shall +the priest shut him up seven days more.* + +6 And the priest shall see him again on +the seventh day; and, behold, if the plague +be somewhat pale, and the plague have not +spread in the skin : then shall the priest pro- +nounce him clean; it is a rising, and he shall +wash his clothes, and be clean. + +7 But if the rising should spread abroad in +the skin, after he hath been seen by the priest +for his cleansing, he shall be seen again by +the priest. + +° This is according to the version of Mendelssohn. +Arnhcim renders nn3D " tetter," or a tetter-like affection. +Jonatlian gives it with 'aiSp "peeling," "scale," or ".scab." +I'hilippson translates nxw simply with "spot," and com- +ments that this is the first symptom of leprosy : this view +explains quite naturally the " depression" spoken of iu +tli(! next verse. + +'' Both Jlendelssohn and Arnheim translate rrm as +here given : it means then, that so soon as there is an ap- +pearance which might terminate iu leprosy, the patient +shall be brought to the priest fur inspection. + +° Tradition requires us to render "or," as Mendelssohn +dues. Arnheim and others give it with --and." +132 + + +8 And if the priest see that, behold, the +rising have spread abroad in the skin, then +shall the priest pronounce him unclean : it is +leprosy. + +9 ][ If the plague of leprosy happen to be +on a man, then shall he be brought unto the +priest ; + +10 And the priest shall see, and, behold, if +there be a white swelling in tlie skin, and the +hair in it have turned white, or" there be a +trace of healthy'' flesh in the swelling : + +11 It is an inveterate leprosy in the skin +of his flesh, and the priest shall pronounce +him unclean ; he shall not shut him up, for he +is unclean. + +1 2 And if the leprosy break out abroad in the +skin, and the leprosy cover all the skin of (him +that hath) the plague from his head even to +the feet, so far as the eyes of the priest can see : + +13 If now the priest should see, that, be- +hold, the leprosy nave covered all his flesh, +he shall pronounce the plague clean ; it is all +turned white, he is clean. + +14 But on the day that healthy flesh ap- +peareth therein, he shall be unclean. + +15 And the priest shall see the healthy +flesh, and pronounce him to be unclean ; the +healthy flesh is unclean, it is the lepros}'. + +16 Or if the healthy flesh turn again, and +be changed unto white, he shall come unto +the priest ; + +17 And if the priest see him, and, behold, +the plague be turned into white : then shall +the priest pronounce the j^lague'' clean, he is +clean.'-" + +18 ^ And if there be a jjerson who hath had +in his skin an inflammation, and hath been +healed, + +19 And if there be on the place of the in- +flammation a white swelling, or a white and +dark red*^ bright spot, he shall be shown to +the priest ; + +'' Others translate this with "raw flesh." +' "Plague" stands for "him who hath the plague." +' This version of " dark red" is after Mendelssohn, who +views after the Rabbins, dtdin" and Pipi' as the inten- +sives of mx and pT, therefore "dark red, dark green." +The verse should then be explained, that there be upon +the place where a wound or a sore has been in the skin a +swelling or spot not decidedly white, but intermingled +with dark red streaks, which peculiar appearance is a dis- +tinctive mark of leprosy, not of a scar of the wound, if the +other signs, the depression of the skin and the white hair, +should be present. The same ii! the case with the next +section. + + +LEVITICUS XIIT. TAZREEANG. + + +20 And if the priest see, and, behold, its +appearance be lower than the skin, and the +hair thereof have been turned white : then +shall the priest pronounce him unclean, it is +the plague of leprosy broken out in the in- +Uararaation. + +21 But if the' priest see it, and, behold, +there be no white hair therein, and if it be +not lower than the skin, and it be pale: +then shall the priest shut him up seven daj's. + +22 And if it now spread abroad in the +skin, then shall the priest pronounce him un- +clean : it is the plague (of lej^rosj) . + +23 But if the bright spot remain in its +place, and spread not, it is a scar of the in- +tlammation; and the priest shall pronounce +him clean.* + +24 ][ Or if there be a person in whose skin +there is a p.lace burnt by tire, and the mark +of the burning become a bright spot, white +and dark I'ed, or white ; + +25 And if the priest see it, and, behold, +the hair in the bright spot have been turned +white, and its appearance be deeper than the +skin : it is leprosy, broken out in the fire- +wound; and the priest shall pronounce him +unclean, it is the plague of leprosy. + +26 But if the priest see it, and, behold, +there be in the bright spot no white hair, +and it be not lower than the skin, and it be +pale : then shall the priest shut him up seven +days. + +27 And the priest shall see him on the +seventh day ; if now it have spread al^road in +the skin, then shall the priest pronounce him +unclean : it is the plague of leprosy. + +28 And if the bright spot remain in its +place, (and) it have not spread abroad in the +skin, and it be pale: it is a swelling of the +fire-wound; and the priest shall pronounce +him clean ; for it is a scar of the fire-wound.* + +29 ^ And if there be a man or woman +on whom there arise a plague, on the head or +on the beard; + +30 Then shall the priest see the plague; +and, behold, if its appearance Ije deeper than +the skin, and there be in it a yellow thin +hair: then shall the priest pronounce him +unclean, it is a dry scall, it is the leprosy of +the head or of the beard. + +31 And if the priest see the plague of the + + +' The spreading of the disorder being a sign of unelean- +ness, it is equally so whethor it happen during tlie time + + +scall, and, behold, its appearance be not +deeper than the skin, and there be no black +hair in it: then shall the priest shut up the +plague of the scall seven daj's. + +32 And the priest shall see the plague on +the seventh day; and, behold, if the scall +ha^•e not spread, and there be in it no yellow +hair, and the appearance of the scall be not +deeper than the skin : + +33 Then shall he be shaved, but the scall +he shall not shave; and the priest shall shut +up the scall seven days moi"e. + +34 And the priest shall see the scall on the +seventh day; and, behold, if the scall hiwa +not spread in the skin, and its appearance l)e +not deeper than the skin: then shall the +priest pronounce him clean, and he shall wash +his clothes, and be clean. + +35 But if the scall should spread'^ aljroad +in the skin after his being pronounced clean : + +36 Then shall the priest see him; and, be- +hold, if the scall have spread in the skin, the +priest shall not seek for the yellow hair; he +is unclean. + +37 But if the scall have remained sta- +tionary in its colour, and black hair have +grown up therein : the scall is then healed, he +is clean ; and the priest shall pronounce him +clean. + +38 ^ And if there ha a man or a woman +having in the skin of their flesh bright spots, +white bright spots; + +39 And if the priest do see, and, behold. +there are in the skin of their flesh bright +spots, pale and white : it is a freckl}' eruption +grown in the skin; he is clean.* + +40 ]| And if there be a man whose hair of +the head fall off, he is a bald head; he is +clean. + +41 And if from the side of his fiice his hair +fall off, he is forehead-bald ; he is clean. + +42 But if there be on the liald head, or the +bald forehead, an eruption, white and dark +red: it is the leprosy sprung up on his bald +head, or his bald forehead. + +43 And the priest shall see him; and, be- +hold, if the swelling of the eruption be white +and dark red on his bald head, or on his bald +forehead, like the appearance of the leprosy +on the (other parts of the) skin of the flesh : + +44 He is a leprous man, he is unclean; + + +that the leper is shut up, and before the decision of the +priest, or after he has pronounced him clean. + +l:J3 + + +LEVITICU8 XIII. XIV. xMETZORANG. + + +the priest shall pronounce him unclean; his +plague is on his head. + +45 And the lejier on whom the plague is, +his clothes shall be rent, and his head shall +be bare," and he shall cover himself up to his +upper lip, and, Unclean, unclean, shall he +call out. + +46 All the days whereon the plague which +rendereth unclean is on him, he shall be un- +clean; alone shall he dwell; without the +camp shall his habitation be. + +47 Tj And if there be a garment on which +there arise a plague of leprosy, whether it +be on a woollen garment, or on a linen gar- +ment; + +48 Whether it be on the warp,'' or on the +woof; of linen, or of woollen; whether on a +skin, or on any tiling made of skin ; + +49 And the plague be dark green or dark +red, on the garment, or on the skin, or on +the warp, or on the woof, or on any article +made of skin : it is the plague of leprosy ; and +it shall be shown unto the priest. + +50 And the priest shall see the plague, and +shut up the plague seven days. + +51 And if he see the plague on the seventh +day, that the plague have spread in the gar- +ment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or +in the skin, or in any article that is made of +skin: the plague is a corroding" leprosy; it is +unclean. + +52 And he shall then burn that garment, +whether warp or woof, in woollen or in linen, +or any article of skin, whereon the plague is; +for it is a corroding leprosy, in fire shall it be +burnt. + +53 And if the priest shall see, and, behold, +the plague have not spread on the garment, +either on the warp, or on the woof, or on any +article of skin : + +54 Then shall the priest command that +they wash the thing whereon the plague is, +and lie shall shut it up seven days niore.^-' + +55 And if the priest see, after the plague + + +' " He shall let his hair grow long." — Kashi. And +after this manner y\2 has been rendered above, x. 6; +perhaps this word includes both ideas. + +'' Philippson renders "plain woven or twilled stuif of +linen or wool." + +° In verse 49 the words "it is the plague of leprosy" +are used, without its being thereby decided whether +the garment, kc, be unclean or not, which is not the +case with human beings who are unclean, when the +leprosy is evident. Garments, however, need to be +affected with a leprosy niXOO or nnna "currosiou" or + + +hath been washed, and, behold, the plague +have not changed its colour, and the plague +have not spread: it is unclean, in fire shalt +thou burn it; it is a decay on its inside or on +its outside. + +56 And if the priest see, and, behold, the +plague have become pale after its having been +washed : then shall he tear it out from the +garment, or from the skin, or from the warp, +or from the woof."' + +57 And if it appear again on the garment, +either on the warp, or on the w^oof, or on any +instrument of skin: it is a growing plague; +with fire shalt thou burn that whereon the +plague is. + +58 And the garment, either the warp or +the woof, or every instrument of skin, which +thou shaLt wash, and the plague depart there- +from, shall be washed the second time, when +it shall be clean. + +59 This is the law of the plague of leprosy +on a garment of woollen or of linen, either in +the warp, or the woof, or any article of skin, +to pronounce it clean, or unclean. + +Haphtorah in 2 Kings iv. 42 to v. 19. + + +SECTION XXVIII. METZORANG,ni'0. + +CHAPTER XIV. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +111 O" + +2 This shall be the law of the leper on the +day of his being cleansed : He shall be brought +unto the priest. + +3 And the priest shall go forth'' to with- +out the camp; and if the priest see, and, be- +hold, the plague of leprosy be healed on the +lejier : + +4 Then shall the priest command to take +for him that is to be cleansed two healthy, +clean birds," and cedar wood, and a string of +scarlet yarn, and hyssop. + +5 And the j^riest shall command that one + +decay," before they can be pronounced unclean. — After +Arniikim. + +^ 'J'hc bringing before the priest, in the preceding verse, +is explained in this, that he is to go out of the camp to +tlie dwelling of the leper, to satisfy himself whether or not +the leper can return unto the camp after the next pre- +scribcil ccri'inonics have been performed. + +" Glean birds, means those which are permitted to be +eaten, consequently none of the prohibited kinds could be +taken, nvn is rendered here, " healthy," but not "living," +ill :iecordance with traditiuii. (^See also Exodus i. 19.) + + +LEVITICltS XIV. METZOEANG. + + +of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel +over running water. + +G As for the living l)ird. he shall take it, +and the cedar wood, and the string of scarlet +yarn, and the hyssop, and he shall dip these +and the living bird into the blood of the bird +that was killed over the rinming water: + +7 And he shall sprinkle upon him that is +to be cleansed from the lepro.^^ seven times; +and when he hath cleansed him, he shall let +the living bird tly forth into the open field. + +8 And he that is to l)e cleanse otherwise "dust," is rendered here, according to +Arnheim, with "rubbish," or the "old mortar;" and in +the next verse it is given with " mortar." + +° Tlie word NonS in the Fiel form, means, to remove +ilNOn or "sin," therefore, "to remove the sin of the +house," or simply " to atone for the house;" in this sense +it is the same with -\33h " to make an atonement," where- +fore both words have been given here with the same Eng- +lish term, 'i'he leprosy of a house was considered as a +piinislimenl for the owner; hence the atonement. + + +LEVITICUS XIV. XV. METZORANG. + + +house, two birds, and cedav wood, and a string +of scarlet yarn, and h_yssop ; + +50 And ho shall kill the one liird in an +earthen vessel over running water ; + +51 And he shall take the cedar wood, and +the hyssop, and the scarlet yarn, and the +living bird, and dip them in the blood of the +slain bird, and. in the running water, and +sprinkle on the house seven times: + +52 And he shall atone for the house with +the blood of the bird, and vnth the running +water, and with the living liird, and with the +cedar wood, and witli the hyssop, and witli +the string of scarlet yarn ; + +53 But he shall let tly forth the living bird +out of the city into the open field, and make +(thus) an atonement for the house, and it +shall be clean.* + +54 This is the law for all manner of plague +of leprosy, and scall, + +55 And for the leprosy of a garment and +of a house, + +56 And for a swelling, and for a rising, and +for a bright spot; + +57 To teach on the day when something +is unclean, and on the day when it is clean : +this is the law of the leprosy. + +CHAPTER XV. + +1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +to Aaron, saying, + +2 Speak unto the cliildren of Israel, and +say unto them. When any man have a run- +ning issue out of his flesh : because of his issue +is he unclean. + +3 And this shall be his uncleanness in his +issue : whether his flesh run with his issue, or +his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his +uncleanness. + +4 Every bed, whereon he may lie that +hath the issue, shall bo unclean : and every +vessel, whereon he may sit, shall be unclean. + +5 And any man that toucheth his bed shall +wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, +and be unclean until the evening. + +6 And he that sitteth on any vessel where- +on he that hath the issue may sit, shall wash +his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and +be unclean until the evening. + +7 And ho that toucheth the flesh of him +that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, +and bathe himself in water, and be unclean +until the evenins. + +boru males, by the +numbering of the names, from a month old +and upward, of those that were numbered of +them, were twenty and two thousand two +hundred and seventy and three. + +44 ^1" And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ino" + +45 Take the Levites instead of all the first- +born among the children of Israel, and the +cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; +and the Levites shall be mine : I am the Lord." + +46 And (for) those that are to be redeem- +ed, the two hundred and seventy and three +of the first-born of the cliildren of Israel, wdio +are more than the Levites, + +' Which Aben Ezra comments on, "beside three hun- +dred first-born among them, as these did not redeem the +fii-st-born of Israel." + +'' Mendelssohn renders "unto me the Lord;" but it +seems to be the phrase frequently found by positive enact- +ments or prohibitions, and means to declare that they are +the authoritative injunctions of the great SoYcreign, wliich +is the only reason assigned for their enactment. + +V + + +47 Thou shalt take five shekels apiece for +the poll; after the shekel of the sanctuary +shalt thou take, twenty gerahs to the shekel ; + +48 And thou shalt give unto Aaron and to +his sons the money, (lor) those who are to Ije +redeemed of those that are over the number +of them. + +49 And Moses took the redemption-money +of those that were over in number above those +who were redeemed Ity the Levites : + +50 Of the first-born of the children of Israel +did he take the money; a thousand three +hundred and sixty and five shekels, after the +shekel of the sanctuary. + +51 And Moses gave the money of those +wdio were redeemed unto Aaron and unto his +sons, by the order of the Lord; as the Lord +had commanded Moses.* + +CHAPTER IV. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +imto Aaron, saying, + +2 Take the sum of the sons of Kehath +from among the sons of Levi, after their fami- +lies, by their divisions, + +3 From thirty 3ears old and upward even +luitil fifty years old, all that are fitted for the +service,'* to do work at the taljernacle of the +congregation. + +4 This shall be the service of the sons of +Kehath at the tabernacle of the congregation: +The most holy things. + +5 And iVaron shall come with his sons, +when the camp setteth forward, and they +shall take down the vail of the separation, +and cover therewith the ark of the testimony; + +6 And the}- shall [)ut over it a covering of +badgers' skins, and they shall sjjread over all +a cloth wholly of blue (woollen yarn), and +they shall put in its staves." + +7 And over the table of the showbread +shall they spread a cloth of blue, and put +thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the +tubes, and the staves of the covering; and the +continual bread shall be thereon: + +8 And they shall spread over them a cloth + +" "Me the Lord." — Mendel.ssoun. + +''After Mendelssohn; lit., "That enter the ai'uiy" or +"host," (■. e. of those who do the service at the taber- +nacle, or those who are from thirty to fifty years ot +age. + +" L c. In the rings fitted for their reception. + +' /. (. The bread which is to be always upon the +table. + +161 + + +NUMBERS IV. NAHSSO. + + +of scarlet, and cover the same with a covering +of badgers' slvins; and they shall put in its +staves. + +9 And they shall take a cloth of 1)1 ue, and +cover the candlestick of the lighting, and its +lamps, and its tongs, and its snuft-dishes, and +all the oil-vessels thereof, wherewith they +minister by it : + +10 And they shall put it and all its vessels +within a covering of badgers' skins, and they +shall put it upon a barrow. + +11 And over the golden altar shall they +spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a +covering of badgers' skins ; and they shall put +in its staves. + +12 And they shall take all the vessels of +the service, wherewith they minister in the +sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, +and cover them with a covering of badgers' +skins; and they shall put them on a barrow. + +13 And they shall take away the ashes +from the altar, and spread over it a cloth of +purple ; + +14 And they shall put upon it all its ves- +sels, wherewith they minister upon it, the +fire-pans, the forks, and the shovels, and the +basins, all the vessels of the altar; and they +shall spread over it a covering of- badgers' +skins, and put in its staves. + +15 And when Aaron and his sons have +thus made an end of covering the sanctuarj^, +and all the vessels of the sanctuary, when the +camp is to set forward : then shall, after that, +the sons of Kehath come to carry it; but +they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they +die; these are the things which the sons of +Kehath are to carry at the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +16 And under the supervision of Elazar +the son of Aaron the jiriest shall be the oil for +the lighting, and the incense of spices, and +the daily meat-offering, and the anointing-oil ; +the supervision of all the tabernacle, and of +all that is therein, over the sanctuary, and +over its vessels.* * + +17 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +18 Do ye" not cause the tribe of the fami- +lies of the Kehathites to be cut off from among +the Levites ; + + +" This is an injunction to the chief superintendent of +thf sanctuary not to allow those who arc to be engaged in +carrying it, to touch it in any wise before it is time, for +162 + + +19 But thus do unto them, that they may +live, and not die, when they approach unto +the most holy things: Aaron and his sons +shall go in, and appoint them, every one, to +his service and to his burden ; + +20 That they may not go in to see when +the holy things are covered, and die. + +Ilaphtorah in Hosea ii. 1 to 22. + + +SECTION XXXV. NAHSSO, NCI + +21 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +lying, + +22 Take also the sum of the sons of Ger- +shon, by their divisions, after their families; + +23 From thirty years old and upward until +fifty years old shalt thou number them ; all +that are fitted for the service, to do ^\'ork in +the tabernacle of the congregation. + +24 This shall be the service of the families +of the Gershunites, to serve, and to carry : + +25 They shall carry the curtains of the +tabernacle, and of the tent of the congrega- +tion, its covering, and the covering of the bad- +gers' skins that is over it above, and the hang- +ing for the door of the tabernacle of the con- +gregation, + +20 And the hangings of the court, and the +hanging for the door of the gate of the court, +which is by the tabernacle and )jy the altar +roinid about, and their cords, and all the ves- +sels of their service; and all that is delivered'' +to them shall they perform. + +27 By the order of Aaron and his sons +shall be all the service of the sons of the Ger- +shunites, in all their carrying, and in all their +service : and ye shall designate unto them in +charge all which they have to carry. + +28 This is the service of the families of the +sons of the (iershunites at the tabernacle of +the congregation ; and their charge shall be +under the supervision of Ithamar the son of +Aaron the priest. + +29 ^[ The sons of Merari, shalt thou num- +ber after their families, by their divisions; + +30 From thirty years old and upward, e\en +until fifty years old, shalt tiiou number them, +every one that is fitted for the service, to do the +work of the tabernacle of the congregation. + +by this they would incur the penalty of death. Hence +the great care enjoined here. + +" After Onkclos, who renders ntyj?' in the sense "to be + + +NUMBEES IV. V. NAHSSO. + + +31 And this is wliat is confided to tlicm to +oarry, regarding all their service at the taber- +uable of the congregation : The boards ot tlie +tabernacle, and its bars, and its pillars, and +its sockets, + +32 And tlie pillars of the court round +about, and tlieir sockets, and their pins, and +their cords, with all tlieir instruments, and +all which belongeth thereto; and by name +shall ye designate (to them) the vessels which +are confided to them to carry. + +33 This is the service of the families of the +sons of Merari, regarding all their service, at +the tabernacle of the congregation, under the +supervision of Ithamar the son of Aaron, the +priest.* + +34 And Moses with Aaron and the princes +of the congregation numbered the sons of tlie +Kehathites after their tamilies, and after their +divisions, + +35 From thirty years old and upward, even +imtil fifty years old, every one that was fitted +for the service, for the work at the tabernacle +of the congregation. + +36 And those that were numbered of them +after their families were two thousand seven +hundred and fifty. + +37 These were they that were numbered +of the families of the Kehathites, all that +could do service at the tabernacle of the con- +gregation, whom Moses with Aaron numl^ered +by the order of the Lokd through tlie hand +of Moses.* + +38 ^ And those that were numbered of +the sons of Gershou, after their families, and +after their divisions, + +39 From thirty years old and upward, +even until fifty years old, every one that was +fitted for the service, for the work at the +tabernacle of the congregation, + +40 Even those that Avere numljered of +them, after their families, after their divi- +sions, were two thousand and six hundred +and thirty. + +41 These are they that were numbered of +the families of the sons of Gershou, all that +could do service at the tabernacle of the con- + + +made over," or "assigued." Others render, ''and what- +ever is to be done thereon." + +* Perliaps referring to the priests, for they, being Le- +vites, were also numbered with the other Kehathites. +Rashi refers it to the music- and singing, which devolved +uu the Levit/;s. Jonathan has, '• the service of watching." + + +gregation, whom Moses with Aaron numbered +by the order of the Lord. + +42 And those that were numbered of the +families of the sons of Merari. after their I'auii- +hes, after their divisions, + +43 From thirty jears old and upward, +even until fifty years old, every one that was +fitted for the service, lor the work at the +tabernacle of the congregation, + +44 Even those that were numbered of +them after their families, were three thousand +and two hundred. + +45 These are those thatw'ere numbered of +the tamilies of the sons of Meraii, whom +Moses with Aaron numbered Ijy the order of +the Lord through the hand of Moses. + +46 All those that were numbered of the +Levites, whom Moses with Aaron and the +chiefs of Israel numl)ered, after their families, +and after their divisions, + +47 From thirty years old and upward, +even until fifty years old, every one that +came to do the service of the ministry," and +the service of the carrying at the tabernacle +of the congregation, + +48 Even those that were iiuml)ered of +them, were eight thousand and five hundred +and eighty. + +49 By the order of the Lord through the +hand of Moses, did he ajjpoint'' them, every +one to his proper service, and to his proper +carrying: and they were numbered, as the +Lord had commanded Moses.* + +CHAPTER V. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +in o* + +2 Command the children of Israel, that +they send out of the camp every leper, and +every one that hath an issue, and whosoever +is defiled by tlie dead : + +3 Both male and female shall ye send out, +to without the camp shall ye send them; that +they defile nOt their camps, in the midst +whereof I dwell. + +4 And the children of Israel did so, and +they sent them out to without the camp: as + +Aben Ezra comments, "to raise the tabernacle, to make +the bread, to slay (^the sacrifices,) and to watch." + +'' The different versions of the word nps in this passage +are according to Mendelssohn; still, "appointing'' is lite- +rally a "counting off" of nil those arc to do a certain + +work together. + +16:3 + + +NUMBERS V. NAHSSO. + + +the Lord had spoken unto Moses, so did the +children of Israel. + +5 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +G Speak unto the children of Israel, If any +man or woman commit any sin against a fel- +lo\s"-mau, thereby doing a trespass against the +Lord, and this person thus become guilty : + +7 Then shall they" confess their sin which +the}^ have committed; and he shall make +restitution for his trespass with the principal +thereof, and its fifth part shall he add thereto, +and give it unto him against whom he hath +trespassed.'' + +8 But if the man have no kinsman to +whom restitution could be made for the tres- +pass, then shall the trespass which is restored +unto the Lord, belong to the priest; besides +the ram of the atonement, whereby an atone- +ment shall be made for him. + +9 And every oflering of all the holy things +of the children of Israel, which they bring +unto the priest, shall be his. + +10 And every man's hallowed things shall +be his:'^ whatsoever any man giveth to the +priest, shall Ijelong to him.* + +11 ][ And the Lord spoke imto Moses, +saying,^ + +12 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +say unto them, If the wife of any man go +aside, and commit a trespass against him, + +13 And a man lie with her carnally, and +it be hidden from the eyes of her husband, +because she hath been secretly defiled; and +there be no witness against her, and she have +not been detected in the fact; + +14 And the sjjirit of jealousy come over +him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she +have been defiled; or the spirit of jealousy +come over him, and he be jealous of his wife, +and she have not been defiled : + +15 Then shall the man bring his wife unto +the priest, and he shall bring her offering for +her, the tenth part of an ephali of barley- +meal; he shall not pour any oil upon it, nor + +^ Tlic nipid change here from the singular to the plural, +is a peculiarity in Hebrew, easily understood, and has +been noticed before. + +*' i. c. If he should be living; but if dead, to his near +relatives. This will explain the succeeding verse, where +a person is spoken of who leaves no one authorized to +claim his property. + +° A man has the right to bestow the gifts of the priest- +hood on whomsoever he pleases, although he cannot use +161 + + +put any frankincense thereupon; for it is a +meat-offering of jealousy, a meat-offering of +memorial, Ijringing iniquity to remembrance. + +16 And the jjriest shall Ijring her near, +and place her before the Lord; + +17 And the priest shall take holy water'' +in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is +on the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall +take, and put it into the water; + +18 And the priest shall jjlace the woman +before the Lord, and uncover the woman's +head, and put upon her hands the meat-offer- +ing of memorial, it is the mea1>offering of +jealousy; and in the hand of the priest +shall be the bitter waters that bring the +curse. + +19 And the priest shall charge her by an +oath, and he shall sa}' unto the woman. If no +man have lain Avith thee, and if thou hast +not gone aside to uncleanness behind thy hus- +band: then be thou free from these bitter +waters that bring the curse. + +20 But if thou hast gone aside behind thy +husband, and if thou hast been defiled, and +some man have lain with thee besides thy +husband : — " + +21 And the priest shall charge the woman +with an oath of imprecation, and the priest +shall s;i^ unto the woman, The Lord then +make thee a curse and an oath among thy +people, when the Lord doth cause thy thigh +to fall away, and thy belly to swell; + +22 And these waters that bring the curse +shall go into thy bowels, to cause the belly to +swell, and the tliigh to fall away; and the +woman shall sa}'. Amen, amen. + +23 And the priest shall write these curses +on a roll, and he shall blot them out with the +bitter waters. + +24 And he shall cause the woman to drink +the bitter waters tlmt bring the curse; and +the waters that bring the curse shall enter +into her for bitterness. + +25 And the priest shall take out of the +woman's hand the meat^olTering of jealousy, + + +them himself No individual priest has any claim on any +Israelite for the sacred things; but when once parted +with, then are they the priest's in lull riiilit. + +"" ('. ('. That which has been sanctitie(l in the laver. +The preparation of the bitter waters as here described, of +the meanest materials in a mean vessel, was to typify the +abhorrence of incest in the estimation of the Lord. + +° Here the idea breaks off, and is resumed in the next +verse at the words, "The Lord then make thee." + + +^1 + + +NUMBERS V. VI. NAHSSO. + + +and he shall wave the meat-offering before +the Lord, and bring it near to the altar: + +26 And the priest shall take a handful +from the meat-offering, as its memorial, and +burn it upon the altar, and after that shall he +cause the woman to drink the water. + +27 And when he hath made her drink the +water, then shall it come to pass, if she have +been defiled, and have committed a trespass +against her husband, that the waters that bring +the curse shall enter into her, for bitterness, +and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall +fall away ; and the woman shall become a +curse among her people. + +28 And if the woman have not been de- +fded, but be clean : then shall she remain un- +harmed, and she shall conceive seed. + +29 This is the law of jealousies, when a +woman goeth aside behind lier husl:)and, and +hath been defiled ; + +30 Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh +over liim, and he be jealous of his wife ;'' and +he shall place the woman before the Lord, +and the priest shall do unto her altogether +according to this law. + +31 And the man shall be guiltless from +iniquity; but this woman shall bear her ini- +rpiity.'' + +CHAPTER VL + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke imto Moses, say- + +2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +say unto them, "When either man or woman +pronounce an especial vow, the vow of a Na- +zarite, to be abstinent in honour of the Lord : + +3 Then shall he abstain from wine and +strong drink, vinegar of wine, or vinegar of +strong drink shall he not drink, and any +infusion of grapes shall he not drink, and +grapes, fresh or dried, shall he not eat. + +4 All the days of his abstinence shall he +eat nothing that is made of the grape-vine, +from the kernels even to the husk. + +5 All the days of the vow of his abstinence +no razor shall pass over his head : until the +days be completed, in which he abstaineth in +honour of the Lord, shall he be holy, letting +grow untouched the hair of his head. + + +' Here is evidently understood, " And she hath not +been defiled." — Arnheim. + +" Even if he should have exposed her without full +cause to the above disgraceful procedure ; since, if it was + + +6 All the days of his abstinence in honour +of the Lord shall he not come near any dead +body. + +7 On his father, or on his mother, on his +brother, or on his sister, shall he not make +himself unclean, when they die; because the +consecration of his God is upon his head. + +8 All the days of his al)stinence is he holy +unto the Lord. + +9 And if some one die very suddenly by +him, and he thus defile his consecrated head : +then shall he shave his head on the day of his +being cleansed, on the seventh day shall he +shave it. + +10 And on the eighth day shall he In-ing +two turtle-doves, or two 3'oung pigeons, to the +l)riest, to the door of the taljernacle of the +congregation : + +11 And tlie priest shall prepare the one +for a sin-offering, and the otiier for a burnt- +offering, and make an atonement for him, Iw- +cause he hatli sinned through the dead; and +he shall hallow'' his head on that same day. + +12 And he shall consecrate unto the Lord +(again) the days of his altstinence, and he +shall bring a sheep of the first year for a tres- +pass-offering ; but the prior days shall not be +counted, because his consecration liath ])een +defiled. + +13 And this is the law of tiie Nazarite : +On the day when tlie days of his abstinence +are completed, sliall he present himself at the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation ; + +14 And lie sliall luring his offering unto the +Lord, one male shcej) of the first year witli- +out blemish Ibi- a burnt-offering, and one ewe +of the first year without blemish for a sin- +offering, and one ram without blemish for a +peace-offering, + +15 And a l)asket of unleavened bread, +cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and un- +leavened wafers anointed with oil; and their +meat-offering, and their driuk-oflcrings. + +IG And the priest sliall bring them near +before the Lord, and he shall prepare his +sin-offering, and his burnt-ofteriiig: + +17 And tiie ram sliall he pi"e[>are lor a +sacrifice of peace-offering unto the Lord, with +the basket of unleavened bread; and the + + +even an improper levity of conduct, alone, by which she +has excited his jealousy, she has incurred guilt, and de- +serves a just punishment. — Arniiei.m. + +" !. r. Ooninience anew to let his hair grow. + +105 + + +NUMBERS VI. VII. NAHSSO. + + +priest shall prepare his iiieat-oft'eriiig and his +driuk-ofFering. + +18 And the Nazarite shall shave at the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation his +consecrated head ; and he shall take the hair +of his consecrated head, and put it on the fire +which is under the sacrifice of the peace- +offering. + +19 And the priest shall take the shoulder +of the ram when it is cooked, and one unlea^ +vened cake out of the basket, and one unlea- +vened wafer, and he shall put them upon the +hands of the Nazarite, after he hath shaved +his consecrated (head). + +20 And the priest shall make with them a +waving before the Lord ; it is a holy gift for +the priest, together with the breast that +was waved and the shoulder that was lifted +up :" and after that may the Nazarite drink +wine. + +21 This is the law of the Nazarite who +hath vowed ; his ofieriug unto the Lord for +his abstinence, besides that whicji he- may be +able to give : according to his vow which he +may vow, so must he do in addition to what +is required Ijy the law of his abstinence. + +22 *\\ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +23 Speak unto Aaron and unto his sons, +saying, Thus'' shall ye bless the children of +Israel, saying unto them, + +24 ^ The Lord bless thee, and preserve +thee ; + +25 ^f The Lord make his face shine unto +thee, and be gracious to thee ; + +26 ^ The Lord lift up his countenance +unto thee, and give thee peace. + +27 *\\ And they shall put my name" upon +the children of Israel : and I will bless them.* + +' As usual with other peace-offerings. + +^ You shall not bless them with a blessing of your +own, as a man says : May such a good come upon the +head of that one ; but unto me shall ye pray that I may +bless them ; as it is said here, " May the Lord bless thee;" +and F will iiear your voice and bless Israel. — R.vshbam. +The blessings, however, are not for the bestowal of worlilly +goods merely ; for they also refer to the Divine grace and +light, whicli are the greatest good unto man. + +° This eitiier means, as Rashi says, that in blessing tlie +people the priests should pronounce the most holy name +of the Lord, or that they should, as said already, refer +the issue of (ivents to God alone, who would bless as might +seem best in his wisdom. + +'' After the altar liad been duly consecrated by the cere- +monies and sacrifices detailed in their proper places, the +j)riiices of the congregation volunteered yet more than the + + +CHAPTER VII. + +1 ^ And it came to pass on the day that +Moses had finally set up the tabernacle, and +had anointed, and sanctified it, and all its ves- +sels, as also the altar and all its vessels, and +had anointed them, and sanctified them : + +2 That the princes of Israel, the heads of +their family divisions, who were tlie princes +of the tribes, tlie same who had superintended +the numbering, oftered. + +3 And they brought their ofiering befoi'e +the Lord, Six covered wagons, and twelve +oxen ; a wagon for two princes, and ;ui ox +for each one : and they presented them be- +fore the tal^ernacle. + +4 And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, + +5 Take it from them, that they may lie +used to do the service of the tabernacle of the +congregation ; and thou shalt give them unto +the Levites, to every man according to his +service. + +6 And Moses took the wagons and the +oxen, and gave them unto the Levites. + +7 Two of the wagons and four of the oxen +he gave unto the sons of Gershon, according +to their service : + +8 And four of the wagons and eight of the +oxen he gave unto the sons of Merari, accord- +ing to their service, under the supervision of +Ithamar, the son of Aaron the priest. + +9 But unto the sons of Kehath he gave +none ; because the service of the sanctuary +belonged unto them, they were to bear upon +their shoulders. + +10 The princes also offered for the dedi- +cating of the altar on the day that it was +anointed ; and the princes presented their +ofiering before the altar.'' + +large gifts bestowed by them fur the erection of the taber- +nacle, to testify their devotion for the religion which they +had received. The first offering they brouglit, consisting +of six covered wagons, with twelve draught oxen, Moses +would not accept, till he was ordered to do so, and to ap- +ply them to the use of the Levites. Now the most holy +things, as the ark, the altars, the table, and the candle- +stick, were intrusted to the sons of Keiiath ; but as all +these were to be carried upon the slioulder, no beast of +burden was assigned to tliem. Diflerent, however, was it +with those who were charged with the transportation of +the heavier articles belonging to the tabernacle, to wit, +the sons (if Gershon, and they received therefore two +wagons and four oxen, while those who carried tlio +boards, pillars, and sockets, &c., of the tabernacle and +j eiiurt, the sons of Merari, obtained four wagons and eight +I oxen to aid them in their more laborious work. In addi- + + +NUMBERS VTI. NAHSSO. + + +11 And the Lord said unto Moses, One +prince each on a given day, shall they offer +their offering, for the dedication of the +altar* + +12 T[ Anil he that offered his offering on +the first day was Nachshon the son of 'Am- +minadab, of the tribe of Judah : + +13 And his offering was one silver charger, +the weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine Hour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +14 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full +of incense ; + +15 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering; + +16 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +17 And for a sacrifice of peace-oftering, two +oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep of +the first year ; this was the offering of Nach- +shon the son of 'Amminadab. + +18 ^ On the second day Nethanel the son +of Zuiir, the prince of Issachar, did offer : + +19 He offered for his offei'ing one silver +charger, the weight whereof was a hundred +and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy +sliekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary ; +both of them full of fine fiour mingled with +oil tor a meat-offering ; + +20 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full +of incense ; + +21 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt^oftering ; + +22 One he-goat for a sin-offerinsi- ; + +23 And for a sacrifice of peace-ofiering, two +oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep of +the first year; +thanel the son of Zuiir. + +24 ^ On the third day Ehab the son of +Chelon. the prince of the children of Zebulun, +(did offer): + +25 His oflering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one siher bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of + + +tion to these presents, the princes also came charged each +with the same sacrifices and vessels for the use of the +sanctmiry ; and so well was this liberality received by the +Most High, that Moses was ordered to enjoin upon the +princes that the sacrifices should not be offered all at once, +but during a period of twelve days, and that they should use +the order in which they moved forward in their march : + + +this was the offering of Ne- + + +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +26 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full +of incense ; + +27 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering ; + +28 One he-goat for a sin-offering ; + +29 And tor a sacrifice of peace-ofiering, two +oxen, five rams, five lie-goats, five sheep of +the first year ; this was the offering of Eliab +the son of Chelon. + +30 ^ On the fourth day Elizur the son of +Shedeiir, the prince of the children of Reuben, +(did ofier): + +31 His offering was one silver charger, the +weio'ht whereof was a hundred and thirtv she- +kels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after +the shekel of the sanctuary ; both of them full of +fine flour mingled with oil for a meat-oflering ; + +32 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full +of incense ; + +33 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first }car, for a burnt-ofiering ; + +34 One he-goat for a sin-offering ; + +35 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering oi' +Elizur the son of Shedeiir. + +36 ^ On the fifth day Shelumiel the sou +of Zurishaddai, the prince of the children iif +Simeon, (did offer): + +37 His offei'ing was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirtv +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil fir a +meat-offering ; + +38 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +39 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering; + +40 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +41 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the oftering of She- +lumiel the son of Zurishaddai.* + + +Judah first, then Zebulun, Issachar, &c., ending with +Naphtali, not according to the order of the birth of the fa- +thers of the tribes. There was no difference whatever in +the gifts of the various chiefs; thus showing that all were +alike acceptable, whether descended from Leah and Kachel, +or from Zilpali and Bilhah. This is also probably the +reason why thev are all separately recorded. + +1U7 + + +NUMBERS VII. NAHSSO. + + +42 ^ On the sixth day Elyassaph the son +of Deiiel," the prince of the children of Gad, +(did offer): + +43 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +44 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +45 One young buUoclc, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering ; + +46 One he-goat for a sin-offering: + +47 And for a sacrifice of peace-oftering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Elyassapli the son of Deiiel. + +48 Tl On the seventh day Elishama the +son of 'Ammihud, the prince of the children +of Ephraim, (did offer) : + +49 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering; + +50 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +51 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering; + +52 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +53 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Elishama the son of 'Ammihud. + +54 ^ On the eighth day Gamliel the son of +Pcdahzur, the prince of the children of Me- +nasseh, (did offer): + +55 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled witli oil for a +meat-offering ; + +5G One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +57 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-oflfering; + +58 One he-goat for a sin-ofiering; + +59 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering. + + +* This name is elsewhere (ii. 14) given as Keiiel, the T +resh being substituted for T dahth. + + +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Gamliel the son of Pedahzur. + +60 ][ On the ninth day Abidan the son of +Gidoni, the prince of the children of Benja- +min, (did offer): + +61 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventv shekels. +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled Avitli oil for a +meat-offering ; + +62 One spoon often shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +63 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering ; + +64 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +65 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Abidan the son of Gidoni. + +06 ^ On the tenth day Achiezer the son +of 'Ammishaddai, the prince of the children +of Dan, (did oiler): + +67 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +68 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense : + +69 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burntroffering ; + +70 One he-goat for a sin-oftering; + +71 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Achiezer the son of 'Ammishaddai.* + +72 Tl On the eleventh day Pagiel the son +of 'Ochian, the prince of the children of +Asher, (did offer) : + +73 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +74 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, fidl of +incense ; + +75 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first 3'ear, for a burnt-offering; + +76 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +77 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, + + +NUMBERS VII. VIII. BEHANGALOTECHA. + + +two oxen, five rami!?, live he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of Pa- +giel the son of 'Ov'hran. + +78 T[ On the twelfth day Achira the son +of 'Enau, tlie prince of the children of Naph- +tali, (did ofter): + +79 His offering was one silver charger, the +weight whereof was a hundred and thirty +shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of +them full of fine tlour mingled with oil for a +meat-offering ; + +80 One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of +incense ; + +81 One young bullock, one ram, one sheep +of the first year, for a burnt-offering ; + +82 One he-goat for a sin-offering; + +83 And for a sacrifice of peace-offering, +two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, five sheep +of the first year; this was the offering of +Achira the sou of 'Enan. + +84 ^ This was the dedication-offering of +the altar, on the day when it was anointed, +from the princes of Israel: Twelve silver +chargers, twelve silver bowls, twelve golden +spoons ; + +85 A hundred and thirty shekels was the +weight of each silver charger, and seventy of +each bowl; the silver of all the vessels was +two thousand and foin- hundred shekels, after +the shekel of the sanctuary; + +86 Twelve golden spoons, full of iBcense;* +ten shekels was the weight of each spoon, +after the shekel of the sanctuary; all the gold +of the spoons was a hundred and twenty +shekels.* + +87 All the oxen for the burnf^ofFering were + + +' Rasbi, after Talmud 3Ienaclioth, remarks: "We find +no mention of incouse for an individual, nor such an ofter- +ing upon the outer altar, (('. c. that of burnt-ofi'ering,) ex- +cept in this instance, (;'. e. at the consecration of the +tabernacle.) and it was merely permitted as rii'iy nxiin a +temporary rule only for the time." In farther explana- +tion of this view, it may be added, that incense was a na- +tional offering, ordered to be burnt upon the golden altar, +before the vail, morning and evening, and to be carried +within the vail on the day of atonement. A special dis- +pensation must therefore have been granted to do as the +princes did at the consecration, though probably the mix- +ture was not identical with that prepared for the sanctuary +under the superintendence of Moses. This, however, in +no wise abolishes the force of the general prohibition, nor +can it legalize our deviating therefrom, unless by an equally +authoritative dispensation; and thus a strange incense +could on no account be offered on either altar, after the + +W + + +twelve bullocks, the rams were twelve, the +sheep of the first year twelve, with their +meat-offering ; and the he-goats for sin-offering +were twelve. + +88 And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the +peace-offerings were twenty and four bullocks, +the rams were sixty, the he-goats sixty, the +sheep of the first year sixty: this was the +dedication-offering of the altar, after it had +been anointed. + +89 And when Moses went into the taber- +nacle of the congregation to speak with Him, +then heard he the voice speaking unto him +from off the mercy-seat that was ujDon the +ark of testimony, from between the two che- +rubim: and thus he spoke unto him. + +Ilaphtorah in Judges xiii. 2 to 25. + + +SECTION XXXVI. BEHANGALO- +TECHA, "inS^HD. + +CHAPTER VIII. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say + +mg, + +2 Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, +When thou lightest the lamps,'' then shall the +seven lamps give light toward the body of the +candlestick. + +3 And Aaron did so; toward the body of +the candlestick did he light its lamps; as the +Lord had commanded Moses. + +4 And this was the workmanship of the +candlestick : It was of beaten gold, from the +shaft thereof, unto the flowers thereof, it was +beaten work; according unto the pattern + + +event under consideration. There are other instances in +Scripture, of a temporary suspension of certain precepts, +such as the officiating of Moses before Aaron's assumption +I nf the priestly office; the sacrifice of Elijah on Carmel, +against the positive order of the law not to offer any- +thing at any other place save the chosen sanctuary. But +it will always be seen that there were weighty reasons for +the suspensions, — that they were sanctioned or ordained +by the Holy Spirit; and that consequently we are from +such premises not authorized to suspend any precept by +our own authority, except there be an absolute necessity +which compels us to disobey. + +'■ The middle light, which was not on the branches, + +but on the body of the candlestick; the wicks of the six + +lamps, upon the six branches, of the three eastern, as well + +i as of the three western, were turned toward the middle + +! lamp — Rashi. In this manner the whole seven lights + +were all turned to one point. + +169 + + +NUMBERS VIII. BEHANGALOTECHA. + + +which the Lord had shown Moses, so made +he the candlestick. + +5 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, + +6 Take the Levites from the midst of the +cliildren of Israel, and cleanse them. + +7 And thus shalt thou do unto them, to +cleanse them: Sprinkle upon them water of +purification, after they have let the razor pass +over all their tlesh, and then let them wash +their clothes, and so shall they be clean. + +8 And they shall take a young bullock +with his meat-offering, fine flour mingled +with oil; and another young bullock shalt +thou take for a sin-oflbring. + +9 And thou shalt bring near the Levites +before the tabernacle of the congregation: +and tliou shalt assemble together the whole +congregation of the children of Israel. + +10 And when thou hast brought near the +Levites before the Lord, then shall the chil- +dren of Israel lay their hands upon the Le- +vites : + +11 And Aaron shall make with the Le- +vites a waving before the Lord from the chil- +dren of Israel, that they may be ready to +execute the service of the Lord. + +12 And the Levites shall lay their hands +upon the heads of the bullocks: and thou +shalt prepare the one as a sin-offering, and +the other as a burnt-offering, unto the Lord, +to make an atonement for the Levites. + +13 And thou shalt place the Levites before +Aaron and before his sons, and make with +them a waving befoi'c the Lord. + +14 Thus shalt thou separate the Levites +from the midst of the children of Israel : and +the Levites shall be mine.* + +15 And after that shall the Levites go in +to do the service of the tabernacle of the con- +gregation: after thou shalt have cleansed +them, and made with them a waving. + +16 For they are wholly given" unto me +from the midst of the children of Israel : in- +stead of every one that openeth the womb, +of every first-born of the children of Israel, +have I taken them unto me. + + +° Rashi comments on □•jnj D'jn: "they are given for +carrying, given for singing." (See, however, for a differ- +ent version, aceonling to our authorities, above, iii. 9.) + +'' /. c. At this period tliey should coninieneo to learn +the .service, which they entered on at thirty years. Rash- +bam reconciles the difficulty of iv. 3, &c., where thirty +years are named, that that limit applied only to the car- +ITU + + +17 For mine are all the first-born of the +children of Israel, both of man and beast : on +the day that I smote every first-born in the +land of Eoypt did I sanctify them unto m^•- +self + +IS And I have taken the Levites, instead +of all the first-jjorn among the children of Is- +rael. + +19 And I have given the Levites as a gift +to Aaron and to his sons from the midst of +the children of Israel, to do the service of +the children of Israel in the tabernacle of +the congregation, and to make an atonement +for the children of Israel; that there be no +plague among the children of Israel, when +the children of Israel come nigh unto the +sanctuary. + +20 And so did Moses, and Aaron, and all +the congregation of the children of Israel, to +the Levites: according unto all that the Lord +had commanded Moses concerning the Le- +vites, so did the children of Israel unto them. + +21 And the Levites purified themselves, +and they washed their clotlies; and Aaron +made with them a waving before the Lord : +and Aaron made an atonement for them to +cleanse them. + +22 And after that went the Levites in to +do their service in the tabernacle of the con- +gregation before Aaron, and before his sons: +as the Lord had commanded Moses concern- +ing the Levites, so did they unto them. + +23 ^1 And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +24 This shall be the rule for the Levites : +From twenty and five'' years old and upward +shall he 2:0 into the ranks to do the service +of the tabernacle of the congregation; + +25 And from the age of fifty years shall he +go out of the ranks of the service, and he +shall serve no more ; + +20 But he shall wait on his In-ethren in +the tabernacle of the congregation, to keep +the charge, but the service shall he not per- +form ; thus shalt thou do unto the Levites in +the discharge of their office.* + + +rying of the holy vessels and parts of the tabernacle, +which also terminated with the fiftieth year; hut that all +other Levitical functions commenced at twenty-five and +continued while the faculties lasted. Oukelos and Rashi +also render verse 2(5, "But he shall serve with his +brethren," thus also confining the excluded service t« +the carrying of the sanctuary. + + +NUMBERS IX. BEHANGALOTECIIA. + + +CHAPTER IX. + +1 •[[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses in +the wilderness of Sinai, in the second year +after their coming out of the Land of Egypt, +ill the first montli, saying. + +2 That the chikh-en of Israel shall prepare +the passover-lanib at its appointed season. + +.3 On the fourteenth day of this month, to- +ward evening, shall ye prepare it at its ap- +pointed season: according to all its ordi- +nances, and according to all its prescribed +rules, shall ye prepare it. + +4 And Moses spoke unto the children of +Israel, that they should prepare the passover- +lamb. + +5 And they prepared the passover-lamb on +the fourteenth day of the first month toward +evening in the wilderness of Sinai : according +to all that the Lord had commanded Moses, +so did the children of Israel. + +6 But there were certain men, who had +been defiled by the dead body of a man, and +they could not j^repare the passover-lamb on +that day: and they came before Moses and +before Aaron on that day. + +7 And these men said unto him. We are +defiled by the dead body of a man : where- +fore shall we be kept back, so as not to offer +the sacrifice of the Lord at its appointed sea- +son in the midst of the (other) children of +Israel ? + +8 And Moses said unto them, Wait ye, and +I will hear what the Lord will command con- +cerning you. + +9 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +10 Speak unto the children of Israel, say- +ing. If any man whatever should be unclean +by reason of a dead body, or be on a distant +journey," among you or your posterity: yet +shall he prepare the passover-lamb unto the +Lord; + +11 In the second month on the fourteenth +day toward evening shall they prepare it, +with unleavened bread and bitter herbs shall +they eat it. + +12 They shall leave none of it until morn- +ing, and no bone shall they break on it : ac- + + +° This is explained to mean any distance which pre- +vents one from being within the precincts of the temple +at the time of the slaying of the passover-lamb. + + +cording to the whole ordinance of the pass- +over-lamb shall the}' prej^are it. + +13 But the man tliat is clean, and is not +on a journey, and forbeareth to prepare the +passover-lamb, even that same soul shall be +cut ofi" from his people ; because the offering +of the Lord hath he not brought at its +appointed season, his sin shall that man +bear. + +14 And if a stranger sojourn among you, +and will prepare the passover-lamb unto the +Lord : according to the ordinance of the pass- +over-lamb, and according to its prescribed +rule, so shall he prepare it ; one statute shall +be for you, both for the stranger, and for the +native born in the laud.''- + +15 T[ And on the day that the tabernacle +was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle +of the tent of the testimony : and in the even- +ing there was upon the tabernacle as it were +the appearance of fire, until morning. + +16 So it used to be always : the cloud co- +vered it (by day), and the appearance of fire +by night. + +17 And as the cloud was taken up fi'oin +the tabernacle, then after that did the chil- +dren of Israel journey forward : and in the +place where the cloud halted, there did the +children of Israel encamp. + +18 At the order of the Lord did the chil- +dren of Israel journey forward, and at the +order of the Lord they encamped : all the +days that the cloud abode upon the taberna- +cle did they remain in camp. + +19 And when the cloud tarried upon the +tabernacle manj^ days, then did the children +of Israel keep the charge of the Lord, and +journeyed not forward. + +20 And at times it was, that the cloud re- +mained but a few days upon the tabernacle ; +at the order of the Lord they abode in camp, +and at the order of the Lord they journeyed +forward. + +21 And at times it was, that the cloud +remained from evening until morning; and +when the cloud was taken up in the morning, +they journeyed forward ; or a day and a night, +and Avhen the cloud was taken up, they jour- +neyed forward ; + +22 Or two days, or a month, or a year; so +long as the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, +to remain thereon, did the children of Israel +I'emain encamped, and journeyed not forward j + +171 + + +NUMBERS IX. X. BEHANGALOTECHA. + + +but when it was taken up, they joume3'ed +forward. + +23 At the order of the Lord they remained +in camp, and at the order of the Lord they +journeyed forward : the charge of the Lord +they kept, at the order of the Lord by the +hand of Moses. + +CHAPTER X. + +1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +2 Make unto thyself two trumpets of silver, +beaten out of one piece shalt thou make them ; +and they shall serve thee for the calling of +the congregation, and for the setting forward +of the camps. + +3 And when they shall blow" with both, +all the congregation shall assemble themselves +unto thee at the door of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +4 And if they blow'' with but one, then shall +assemble themselves unto thee the princes, the +heads of the thousands of Israel. + +5 And when ye blow an alarm, then shall +set forward the camps that encamp on the +east side. + +6 And when ye blow an alarm the second +time, then shall set forward the camps that +encamp on the south side : an alarm shall +they blow for their setting forward. + +7 But at the assembling of the assembly, +ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an +alarm. + +8 And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall +blow with the truinpets ; and they shall be +to you for an ordinance for ever throughout +your generations. + +9 And if ye go to war in your land against +the oppressor that oppresseth you, then shall +ye blow an alarm with the trumpets ; and ye +shall be remembered'' before the Lord your +God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies. + +10 And on the day of your gladness, and +on your appointed festivals, and on the begin- +nings of your months, shall ye blow with the +trumpets over your burnt-offerings, and over +the sacrifices of your peace-ofterings ; and they +shall ije to you for a memorial before your +God : I am the Lord your God. + + +• The "simple blowing" njj'pn and the "alarm" n;?nn +are the sounds now blown on the cornet in the New-Year's +festival. + +172 + + +11 T[ And it came to pass in the second +year, in the second month, on the twentieth +day of the month, that the cloud was taken +up from ofi' tlie tabernacle of the testimony. + +12 And the children of Israel set forward +on their journeys from the wildei'ness of Si- +nai, and the cloud halted in the wilderness +of Paran. + +13 And they set forward for the first time +at the order of the Lord by the hand of +Moses. + +14 And the standard of the camp of the +children of Judah set forward at the first, ac- +cording to their armies : and over their host +was Nachshon the son of 'Annninadab. + +15 And over the host of the tribe of the +children of Issachar was Nethanel the son of +Zuiir. + +16 And over the host of the tribe of the +children of Zebuluu was Eliab the son of +Chelon. + +17 And (in the mean time) the tabernacle +was taken down; and then set forward the +sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari, the +bearers of the tabernacle. + +18 Then set forward the standard of the +camp of Reuben, accoi'ding to their armies: +and over their host was Elizur the son of +Shedeiir. + +19 And over the host of the tribe of the +childi-en of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of +Zurishaddai. + +20 And over the host of the tribe of the +children of Gad was Elyassaph the son of +Deiiel. + +21 And then set forward the Kehathites, +the bearers of the sanctuary:" and the +others set up the tabernacle against they +came. + +22 Then set forward the standard of the +camp of the children of Ephraim according to +their armies: and over their host was Eli- +shama the son of 'Ammihud. + +23 And over the host of the tribe of the +children of Menasseh was Gamliel the son of +Pedahzur. + +24 And over the host of the tribe of the +children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of +Gidoni. + + +'• Obedience to Grod alone proves that those who claim +his protection are worthy of his favour. +° i. e. The holy vessels. (See iv. 4.) + + +NUMBERS X. XI. BEHANGALOTECHA. + + +25 Then set forward the standard of tlie +camp of the children of Dan, the rereward of +all the camps, according to their hosts: and +over their host was Achiezer the son of 'Am- +mishaddai. + +26 And over the host of the tril^e of the +cliildren of Asher was Pagiel the son of +'Ochran. + +27 And over the host of the trilje of the +children of Naphtali was Achira the son of +'Enan. + +28 In this order were the jourueyings of +the children of Israel according to their ar- +mies, when they set forward. + +29 T[ And Moses said unto C'hobab, the +son of Reiiel the Midianite, the flitlier-in-law +of Moses, We are journeying unto the place +of which the Lord hath said, Tliis will I give +unto you : come thou with us, and we will do +thee good; for tlie Lord hath spoken (to +bring) good upon Israel. + +30 And he said unto him, I will not go; +but to my own hmd, and to my birthplace +will I go. + +31 And he said, Do not, I pray thee, leave +us; since thou didst find out the places where +we were to encamp in the wilderness, and +thou hast* been to us instead of eyes. + +32 And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, +it shall be, that the same goodness whicli the +Lord may do unto us, will we do unto thee. + +33 And they set forward fronr the mount +of the Lord a three days' journey : and the +ark of tlie covenant of the Lord went before +them in'' the three days' journey, to search +out for them a resting-place. + +34 And the cloud of the Lord was over +them by day, wdien they set forward from the +camp."'= + +35 Tf And it came to pass, when the ark +set forward, that Moses said. Rise up. Lord, +and let thy enemies be scattered; and let +those that hate thee flee Ijefore thy face. + +36 And when it rested, he said, Return, 0 +Lord, among the myriads of the thousands of +Israel. + +CHAPTER XL + +1 T[ And it came to pass that as the people + + +" After Arnheim ; others render, "and thou wilt be," &c. +*■ Others translate, "a distance of a three days' journey." +° "The place of burning," hah'ei; from •\p2 "to burn." +" Verses 7, 8, and 9 must be taken as a parenthesis + + +complained in a manner displeasing in the +cars of the Lord, the Lord heard it, and his +anger was kindled, and the fire of the Lord +burnt among them, and consumed at tlic ut- +termost part oi' the camp. + +2 And the people then cried unto Moses; +and Moses prayed unto the Lord, and the fire +disappeared. + +3 And he called the name of tlie place +TalVerah ;'' liecause the fire of the Lord had +burnt among them. + +4 And the mixed multitude that w^as +among them felt a lustful longing: and the +children of Israel also wept again, and said. +Who will give us flesh to eat? + +5 We remember the fish, which we could +eat in Egypt for naught; the cucumbers, and +the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, +and the garlic; + +6 But now our soul is faint: there is no- +thing at all, only to the manna are our e^'es +(directed) . + +7'' But the manna was like coriander-seed, +and its colour as the colour of the bdellium. + +8 The people went about, and gathered it, +and ground it in a mill, or pounded it in a +mortar, and boiled it in a pot, or made cakes +of it : and its taste was as the taste of cakes +mixed with oil.' + +9 And when the dew fell upon the camp +in the night, the manna fell upon it. + +10 And Moses heard the people weej) ac- +cording to their families, every man at the +door of his tent : and the anger of the Lord +was kindled greatly; and in the eyes of Moses +also was it displeasing. + +11 And Moses said unto the Lord, Where- +fore hast thou done evil to thy servant? and +wherefore have I not found favour in thy +eyes, that thou layest the burden of all this +people upon nie? + +12 Was it I who have conceived all this +people? or was it I who have begotten them? +that thou shouldst say unto me, Carry them +in thy bosom, as a nursing father beareth +the sucking child, unto the land which thou +hast sworn unto their fathers? + +13 Whence shall I obtain flesh to give +unto all this people? for they weep around + +explaining the excellence of the manna which the people +despised. The narrative recommences at verse 10. + +° After Onkelos. Arnheim gives, " the marrow (^bestj +of oil." + +173 + + +NUMBERS XL BEHANGALOTECHA. + + +me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may +eat. + +14 I am not able by myself alone to bear +all this people, because it is too heavy for me. + +15 And if thou wilt thus deal with me, +then slay me, I pray thee, at once, if I have +found iavour in thy eyes ; that I may not see +my wretchedness. + +16 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, +Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of +Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders +of the people, and its officers; and take them +unto the tabernacle of the congregation, and +they shall stand there with thee. + +17 And I will come down and speak with +thee there : and I will take some of the spirit +which is upon thee, and I will put it upon +them ;" and they shall bear with thee the bui'- +den of the people, and thou shalt not bear it +by thyself alone. + +18 And unto the people shalt thou say. +Hold yourselves ready against to-morrow, that +ye may eat flesh ; for ye have wept in the +ears of the Lord, saying. Who shall give us +flesh to eat? for it was better with us in +Egypt : thus will the Lord give you flesh, +and ye shall eat. + +19 Not one day shall ye eat, nor two days, +nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days ; + +20 But up to a full month, until it come +out at your nostrils, and it become loathsome +vmto you ; Ijecause that ye have despised the +Lord who is in the midst of you, and ye have +we]it ))efore him, saying, Why did we come +forth out of Egypt? + +21 And Moses said. Six hundred thousand +men on loot is the people, in the midst of +whom I am; and yet thou hast said. Flesh will +I give them, that they may eat a whole month. + +22 Shall flocks and herds be slain for them, +that they may suffice for them ? or shall all +tlie fish of the sea be gathered together for +them, that they may suffice for them ? + +23 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, Should +the Lord's hand be too short? now shalt +thou .see whether my word shall come to pass +unto thee or not. + +21 And Moses went out, and spoke to the +[jeople the words of the Lord; and he assem- + + +' Unto what was Moses like at that hour +standing upon a candlestick, by which all +lamps, while its litilit is in nmviso diiiiinisln'il, + + +to a lamp +light their +— EA.tHI. + + +bled seventy men from the elders of the people, +and placed them round about the tabernacle. + +25 And the Lord came down in a cloud, +and sp>oke unto him; and he took some of +the spirit that was upon him, and put it upon +the seventy men, the elders : and it came to +pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, +they prophesied, but they did not so any more. + +26 And there remained two men in the +camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and +the name of the other Medad ; and the spirit +rested upon them ; and thej^ were of tliose +that were written down,'' but they had not +gone out unto the tabernacle : and they pro- +phesied in the camp. + +27 And there ran a young man, and told +to Moses, and said, Eldad and Medad are +prophesying in the camjj. + +28 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant +of Moses from his youth, answered and said. +My lord Moses, forbid them. + +2U And Moses said unto him, Art thou zeal- +ous for my sake ? And oh that one might +render all the people of the Lord prophets, +that the Lord would put his spirit ujjon +them !* + +30 And Moses retired back into the camp, +he with the elders of Israel. + +31 And a wind went forth from the Lord, +and drove up quails from the sea, and scat- +tered them over the camp, about a day's jour- +ney on this side, and about a day's journey +on the other side, round about the camj), and +about two cubits high over the face of the +earth. + +32 And the people arose all that day, anil +all that night, and all the following day, and +they gathered the quails ; he that had taken +the least, had gathered ten chomers: and they +spread them out for themselves round about +the camp. + +33 The flesh was yet between their teetli, +it was not yet chewed : when the wrath of +the Lord was kindled against the people, and +the Lord smote among the people a \ery great +{)lague. + +34 And he called the name of that place +Kil)rotii-hattaavali f because there the^' bu- +ried the people that had lustfully craved. + +'■ It is priihable that seventy-two, six from each tribe, +were first written down, wherefore two were left over. +" /. ('. " The graves of the desire." + + +174 + + +J + + +NUMBERS XI. XII. XIII. SHELACH LECHA. + + +3-3 Fi-om Kibrotli-hattaavah the people +journe3-ed unto Chazeroth; and they remain- +ed at Chazeroth. + +CHAPTER XII. + +1 ][ And Miriam and Aaron spoke against +Moses, on account of the Ethiopian woman +whom he had married ; for an Etliiopian wo- +man had he married. + +2 And they said, Hath then only with" +Moses the Lord spoken ? hath he not also +spoken with us? And the Lord heard it. + +3 (But the man Moses -was ver}- meek, +more so than any man Avho was upon the +face of the earth.) + +4 ^ And the Lord said suddenly unto +Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, +Go out 3'e three unto the tabernacle of the +congregation ; and these thi-ee went out. + +5 And the Lord came down in a pillar of +cloud, and stood at the door of the taberna- +cle; and he called Aaron and Miriam, and +both of them went out. + +6 And he said, Hear now my words : If +there be a prophet of your kind, I, the Lord, +do make myself known unto him in a vision,'' +in a dream do I speak with him. + +7 Not so is my servant Moses, in all my +house is he faithful. + +8 Mouth to mouth do I speak with him, +even evidently, and not in dark speeches ; +and the similitude of the Lord doth he Ix'hold : +wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak +against my servant, against Moses ? + +9 And the anger of the Lord was kindled +against them, and he went away. + +10 And the cloud departed from oft' the +tabernacle ; and, behold, Miriam became le- +prous, (white) as snow ; and Aaron turned +toward Miriam, and, behold, she was le- +prous. + +11 Then said Aaron unto Moses, Alas, my +lord, do not, I beseech thee, account to us as +sin that wherein we have done foolishly, and +wherein we have sinned. + +' After Onkelos. Others give " through." +^ Marah, the feminine, denotes the indistinct, dream- +like perception, followed as it is by "dream;"' march, +however, the masculine, expresses the clear perception of +Divine things. Arnbeim translates, moreover, v. 8, in +this manner: "To him I speak from mouth to mouth, +and visibly, not in riddles, that he should see only an +image of the Eternal," conceiving the word xV "not" +to be understood before 0'2" ; but the construction is too + + +12 Let her not be as a dead-burn child, of +which half the flesh is consumed, when it +cometh out of its mother's womb. + +13 And Moses cried unto the Lord, saying, +0 God! do thou heal her, I beseech thee.* + +14 T[ And the Lord said unto Moses, If her +fiither had spit in her face, would she not +be ashamed seven days? let her be shut up +seven days outside of the camp, and after that +let her be brought in again. + +15 And Miriam was shut up outside of the +camp seven da}s; and the people did not set +forward till Miriam was brought in again. + +16 And afterward the people removed from +Chazeroth, and encamped in the wilderness +of Paran. + +Haphtorah in Zechariali ii. 14 to iv. 7. + + +SECTION XXXVII. SHELACH LECHA, + +CHAPTER XIII. + +1 ][ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Send thou out some men that they may +spy out the land of Canaan, which I give +unto the children of Israel : one man each of +every tribe of their fathers shall ye send, +every one who is a prince among them. + +3 And Moses sent them out from the wil- +derness of Paran by the order of the Lord : +they all were men, (who) were heads of the +children of Israel. + +4 And these are their names : Of the tribe +of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur. + +5 Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son +of Chori. + +6 Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of +Yephunneh. + +7 Of the tribe of Issachar, Yigal the son of +Joseph. + +8 Of the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea, the son +of Nun. + + +forced, nron given in our text, as in Genesis i. 26, +with "similitude" or "likeness," refers to the higher +conception which Moses had of God's power, and of his +government of the world ; and is to be considered +merely a continuation of the preceding "and not in +dark speeches," which is, the indistinct perception which +all prophets had of what they themselves foresaw and +foretold, when compared with Moses. (See Daniel +xii. 8.j + +175 + + +NUMBERS XIII. XIV. SHELACH LECHA. + + +9 Of the tribe of Benjai'iiin, Palti the son +of Eaphu. + +10 Of the tribe of Zebuliui, Gaddiel the son +of Sodi. + +11 Of the tribe of Joseph, of the tribe of +Meuasseh, Gaddi the sou of Sus.si. + +12 Of the tribe of Dan, 'Amuiiel the son of +GemalU. + +13 Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son +of Michael. + +14 Of the trilje of Naphtali, Nachbi the +son of Vophsi. + +15 Of the tribe of Gad, Geiiel the son of +Machi. + +16 These are the names of the men whom +Moses senttospyouttheland; and Mosescalled +HosheJi the son of Nun, Joshua [Yehoshua']." + +17 And Moses seut them to spy out the +land of Canaan, and he said unto them, Go +you up this way at the south side, and go up +into the mountain; + +18 And see the land, what it is; and the +people that dwell therein, whether they be +strong or weak, whether they be few or +many ; + +19 And what the land is on which they +dwell, whether it be good or bad; and what +the cities are in which they dwell, whether in +open places, or in strongholds ; + +20 And what the land is, whether it be fat +or lean, whether there be trees therein, or + +-not; and take ye courage, and take away +some of the fruit of the land. Now the time +was the season of the first ripening of grapes.'^' + +21 And they went up, and spied out the +land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rechob, +on the road to Chamath. + +22 And they ascended on the south side, +and came unto Hebron; and there were Achi- +man, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of +'Anak; (now Hebron had been built seven +years before Zolin in Egypt.) + +23 And they came unto the valley of Esh- +col, and they cut down from there a branch +with one cluster of grapes, and the_\' bore it +upon a barrow between two; and (they took +some) of the pomegranates and of the figs. + +* Signifying, "May the Lord aid (thee.)' Some sup- +pose that this name was given to Hoshca at the time he +imtcrcd the service of Moses; others, however, that it was +bestowed at the present occasion, and is to bo viewed as a +prayer: "May the Lord save thee from the counsel of the +spies." + +176 + + +24 That place was called the valley of +Eshcol,'' on account of the cluster which the +children of Israel cut down from there. + +25 And they returned from spying out the +land at the end of forty da^s. + +26 And they went and came to Moses, and +to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the +children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Par +ran, to Kadesh ; and they brought back word +unto them, and unto all the congTegation, and +showed them the fruit of the land. + +27 And they told him, and said, We came +unto the land whither thou didst send us, +and truly doth it flow mth milk and honey;" +and this is its fruit. + +28 Nevertheless the people are strong that +dwell in the land, and the cities are very +strongly walled, and great; and the children +of 'Anak also have we seen there. + +29 The Amalekites dwell in the southern +country; and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, +and the Emorites, dwell in the mountains; +and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by +the margin of the Jordan. + +30 And Caleb stilled the people toward +Moses, and he said. We can easily go up, and +take possession of it; for we are well able to +overcome it. + +31 But the men who had gone up with +him said. We are not able to go up against +the people; for they are stronger than we. + +32 And they brought up an evil report of +the land which the\' had spied out unto the +children of Israel, saying. The land through +which we have passed to spy it out, is a land +that consumeth its inhabitants; and all the +people that we saw in it are men of a great +stature. + +33 And there we saw the giants, the sons +of Anak, of the giants' (family): and we were +in our own eyes as grasshoppers, and so were +we in their eyes. + +CHAPTER XIV. + +1 And all the congregation lifted up their +voice, and cried aloud; and the people wept +that night. + +^ Eshcol signifies "cluster." + +° To obtain credibility for their evil report, they spoke +first in praise of the products of the land; and then they +expatiated on the strength of the people, while they +averred that the unhealthiness of the climate caused the +death of the giants even. + + +VIOSES AMU A.A.KO.N tiH:Kt:)RE PHA.KA.OH. + + +NUMBERS XIV. SHELACH LECHA. + + +2 And all the people murmured against +Moses and against Aaron ; and the whole +congregation said unto them, Oh who would +grant that we had died in the land of Egypt! +or that we might hut die in this wilderness! + +3 And wherefore doth the Lord bring us +unto yonder land, to fall by the sword? that +our wives and our children may become a +prey? is it not better for us to return to +Egypt? + +4 And tliey said one to anotlier, Let us ap- +point a chief, and let us return to Eg} 2)t. + +5 Then fell Moses and Aaron on their faces +before all the assembly of the congregation of +the children of Israel. + +G And Joshua, the son of Nun, and Caleb +the son of Yephunneh, of those that had spied +out the land, rent their garments. + +7 And they said unto all the (^.ongregation +of the children of Israel, as foUoweth, The +land, through which we have passed to spy it +out, this land is exceedingly good.''" + +8 If the Lord have delight in us, then +will he bring us into this land, and give it to +us: a land which is flowing with milk and +honey. + +9 Onlj^ against the Lord do ye not rebel;" +and then ye need not fear the people of the +land; for they are our bread: their shadow'' +is departed from them, while the Lord is with +us; fear them not. + +10 But all the congi'egation said to stone +them with stones: when the glory of the +Lord appeared in the tabernacle of the con- +gregation unto all the children of Israel. + +11 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, How +long yet shall this people provoke' me? and +how long 3et will they not belie^'e in me. +with all the signs which I have shown in the +midst of them ? + +12 I will smite them with the pestilence, +and root them out, and I will make of thee a +nation greater and mightier than they. + +13 And Moses said unto the Lord, But +when the Egyptians hear, from the midst of + +° That is to say, It is rebellion only which can make +the Canaanites formidable enemies to the sous of Israel ; +since, if obedient to God, the conquest will be an easy +thing, the people being as readily overcome as bread can +be used for food. + +''"Shadow" means, in Hebrew, "protection," "secu- +rity." Ilashi therefore explains, "the .«hadow of God is +departed from them;" upon which then the next clause +follows correctly, "while the Lord is with us." + +X + + +whom thou hast brought up in thy might +this people; — + +14 And when they tell to the inhabitants +of this land, who'' have heard that thou, +Lord, art in the midst of this people, that +fiice" to face thou. Lord, art seen, and that +thy cloud standeth over them, and that in a +pillar of cloud thou goest before them by day, +and in a pillar of fire by night; — + +15 That thou hast killed this people as one +man : then will the nations that have heard +thy fame, say in this manner, + +16 That because the Lord was not aljle to +bring this people into the land which he had +sworn unto them, hath he slain them in the +wilderness. + +17 And now, I beseech thee, let tlie great- +ness of the power of the Lord be made mani- +fest, as thou hast spoken, saying, + +18 The Eternal is long-suflering, and aljun- +dant in beneficence, forgiving iniquity and +transgression; but who will by no means +clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the +fathers upon the children, upon the third +and upon the fourth generation. + +19 Pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquity ot +this people, according to the greatness of +thj' beneficence, and as thou hast been indul- +gent to this people, from Egypt even until +hitherto. + +20 And the Lord said, I have pardoned ac- +cording to thy word. + +21 But as truly as I live, and as all the +earth is filled with the glory of the Lord : — + +22 That all the men who have seen my +glory, and my signs, which I have displaced +in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have +tempted me these ten times, and have not +hearkened to my voice, + +23 Shall surely not see the land which I +have sw(n'n unto their fathers, yea all those +that have provoked me sluiU not see it. + +24 But my servant Caleb, as a reward that +he had another spirit with him, and followed +me fully, — therefore will I bring him into the + +" Reject me. — Arnheim. + +■* The word "who" is supplied, according to Onkelos. +The connection of the verses 13— l(j is given after Arnheim, +and is to be taken in this manner: "When the Egyjitians +hear, and when the inhabitants of (his land (Canaan) are +told, that God hath killed the people : then will all of +them say, that it was inability in God to accomplish his +promise." + +' Heb. "Eye in eye," ;'. c. seeing and seen. + + +NUMBERS XIV. XV. SHELACH LECHA. + + +land wherein to he went; and his seed shall +possess it. + +25 And the Amalekites and the Canaanites +dwell in the valley: to-moiTow turn you, and +.set forward into the wilderness by the way to +tlie Red Sea.* + +26 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +27 How long (shall indulgence be given) to +this evil congregation, that murmur against +me ? the murmurings of the children of Israel, +which they murmur against me, have I heard. + +28 Say unto them, As truly as I live, saith +the Lord, as ye have spoken in my ears, so +will I do to you : + +29 In this wilderness shall your carcasses +fall, and all that were numbered of you, ac- +cording to your whole number, from twenty +years old and upward; ye who have murmured +against me; + +30 Truly ye shall not come into the land, +concerning which I have lifted up my hand +to let you dwell therein; save Caleb the son +of Yephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. + +ol But your little ones of which ye said, +They would Ijecome a prey, them will I bring +in, and they shall know the land which ye +have despised. + +32 But as for you, your carcasses shall fall +in this wilderness. + +33 And your children shall wander about +in the wilderness forty years, and bear your +backslidings, until your carcasses be spent in +the wilderness. + +34 After the number of the days in which +ye spied out the land, forty days, yea, each +one day for a }'ear, shall ye bear for your ini- +quities, forty years; and ye shall experience +my withdrawal" (of protection) . + +35 1 the Lord have spoken it, surely, this +will I do unto all this evil congregation that +have asscnd^led against me : in this wilderness +shall tliey be spent, and therein shall they +die. + +3G And the men whom Moses liad sent to +spj' out the hind, and wlio returned, and +caused all Ihc congregation to murmur +against him, l)y bringing up an evil report +against the land, + +' Rashi renders, " And ye shall know that you have with- +drawn your heart from nic." Oiikelos gives more freely, +•' that ye have murmured aj^ainst me." But in the present +version, the idea of Mendelssohn, that the word " witii- +178 + + +37 Even these men, that had brought up +the evil report of the land, died'' by the plague +before the Lord. + +38 But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb +the son of Yephunneh, remained alive of those +men, wlio had gone to spy out the land. + +39 And Moses spoke these words unto all +the children of Israel ; and the people mourned +greatly. + +40 And tliey rose up early in the morning, +and went up to the top of the mountain, say- +ing, Lo, here we are, and we will go up unto +the place of which the Lord hath spoken ; for +we have sinned. + +41 And Moses said, Wherefore now do ye +transgress the order of the Lord? and it will +not prosper. + +42 Do not go up, for the Lord is not among +you ; that ye may not be smitten before your +enemies. + +43 For the Amalekites and the Canaanites +are there before you, and ye will fall by the +sword; since, because ye are turned away +from the Lord, the Lord also will not be with +you. + +44 Yet they persisted to go up unto the +top of the mountain ; but the ark of the cove- +nant of the Lord, and Moses, did not move +out of the camp. + +45 Then came down the Amalekites, and +the Canaanites that dwelt on that mountain, +and smote them, and discomfited them, even +unto Chormah. + +CHAPTER XV. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Sjjeak unto the children of Israel, and +say unto them, When ye shall have come into +the land of your habitations, which I give +unto you, + +3 And ye will prepare a fire-oflering unto +the Lord, a burnt-ofiering, or a sacrilice, in +performing a j^ronounced vow, or as a free- +will-oflering, or on your solemn feasts, to pre- +pare a sweet stivour unto the Lord, of the +herds or of the flocks : + +4 Then shall he that bringeth his offering +unto the Lord, bring as a meat-oilcring a + +drawal" refers to au act of God, has been adopted; and it +means then, that the people should experience the differ- +ence between the Divine protection and wrath. +'' i e. A sudden, unnatural death. + + +NUMBERS XV. SHELACH LPX'HA. + + +tfiitU" part of fiue flour miuglud with the +fourth of a hin of oil. + +5 And wine for a drink-offering, the fourth +of a liin, shalt thou prepare witli the burnt- +oftbring or sacrifice, for each one sheep. + +G But for a ram, shalt thou jJi'epare as a +meat-offering two tenth parts of fine flour +mingled with the third of a hin of oil. + +7 And wine for the drink-ofl'ering, the +third of a hin, shalt thou bring, for a sweet +savour unto the Lord.* + +8 And when thou preparest a bullock for a +burnt-offering, or for a sacrifice, in performing +a pronounced vow, or as a peace-oflering unto +the Lord: + +0 Then shall he brmg with the bullock as +a meat-oftering, three tenth parts of fine flour +mingled with half a hin of oil. + +10 And wine shalt thou bring for a drink- +ofl'ering, half a hin, as a fire-offering of a sweet +sa\i)ur unto the Lord. + +11 Thus shall it be done for each one bul- +lock, or for each one ram, or for a lami), be it +of the sheep or of the goats. + +12 According to the number that ye may +prepare, so shall ye do to every one according +to their number. + +13 All that are born'' in the country shall +do tlie.se things after this manner, in offering +a fire-offering of a sweet savour unto the +Lord. + +14 And if a stranger sojourn with 30U, or +whosoever may be among you in your gene- +rations, and will make an offering made hy +fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord -. as ye +do, so shall he do. + +15 Congregation!" one statute shall be lor +you, and for the stranger that sojourneth: a +statute for ever in your generations; as ye +are, so shall the stranger be Ijetbre the +Lord. + +It) One law and one code shall be for you, +and for the stranger that sojourneth with +you/'= + +17 % And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + + +' Wheuever this term is used, it means "a tenth of an +ephah." + +'' In oifering a sacrifice, nothing must be omitted which +the law requii-es, in order to make it acceptable on +high. + +" This word is merely to be taken as an addres? to the +entire people, whether native or adopted strangers. + + +18 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +say unto them. When ye come into the land +whither I bring you : + +19 Then shall it be, that, when ye eafof +the bread of the land, ye shall set aside a +heave-offering unto the Lord. + +20 As the first'' of your doughs shall ye set +aside a cake for a heave-oftering; like the +heave-oflering of the threshing-floor, so shall +ye set this aside. + +21 Of the first of your doughs shall ye give +unto the Lord a heave-oflering, in your gene- +rations. + +22 ^ And if ye err," and do not observe all +these commandments, which the Lord hath +spoken mito Moses, + +23 All that the Lord hath commanded you +by the hand of Moses, from the day that the +Lord commanded (the same) and thencefor- +ward, among your generations : + +2-4 Then shall it be, if, through inadver- +tence of the congregation, it was committed +by ignorance, that all the congregation shall +prepare one young bullock for a burut-ofler- +ing, for a sweet savour unto the Lord, with +his meat-oflering, and his drink-ofl'ering, ac- +cording to the prescribed manner, and one he- +goat for a sin-oflering. + +25 And the priest shall make an atonement +for all the congregation of the children of +Israel, and it shall be forgiven unto them; for +it is (a sin of) ignorance; and they have +brought their oflering, a sacrifice made by fire +unto the Lord, and their sin-offering before +the Lord, for their (sin of) ignorance : + +26 And it shall be forgiven unto all the +congi'egation of the children of Israel, and +unto the stranger that sojourneth among +them; for by all the people (was it done) in +ignorance.* + +27 ]| And if any person sin through igno- +rance, then shall he briuii' a she-ii'oat of the +first year for a sin-oflering. + +28 And the priest shall nutke an atonement +for the person that hath erred, in his sinning +through ignorance before the Lord; to make + + +^ " Before ye eat of your dough, you shall oiTer a por- +tion to the Lord." — Rashi. This was given to the priest, +and had no fixed proportion by the letter of the law; but +the Rabbins state, a twenty-fourth part b}' a housekeeper, +and a forty-eighth by a baker. + +' This refers to the sin of idolatry, according to our +authorities. + +179 + + +NUMBERS XV. XVI. KORACH. + + +an atonement for him, that it may be forgiven +unto him. + +29 For the native born among the children +of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth +among them: — one law shall be for jou, for +him that acteth through ignorance. + +30 But the jierson that doth aught with a +high hand," be he one born in the land, or a +stranger, the same dishonoureth the Lord ; and +that person shall be cut off from among his +people. + +31 Because the word of the Lord hath he +despised, and his commandment hath he +broken ; that person shall be cut off, his ini- +quity is upon him. + +32 ^ And while the children of Israel were +in the wilderness, they found a man gatlier- +ing*' sticks upon the sabbath-day. + +33 And they that found him gathering +sticks brought him for judgment unto Moses +and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. + +34 And they put him in ward; because it +had not been declared what should be done +to him. + +35 ][ And the Lord said unto Moses, The +man shall be put to death : all the congregar +tion shall stone him with stones without the +camp. + +36 And all the congregation brought him +forth to without the camp, and they stoned +him with stones, and he died; as the Lord +had connuanded Moses.* + +37 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, as +followeth, + +38 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +say to them, that they shall make themselves +fringes" on the corners of their garments +throughout their generations, and that thej- +shall put upon the fringe of the corner a +thread of blue : + +39 And it shall be unto you for a fringe, +that ye may look upon it, and remember all +tbe commandments of the Lord, and do them ; +and that ye seek not after (the inclination of) +your own heart and (the delight of) your + + +" 4. e. Wilfully ; and for such sin no sacrifice can avail. + +'' Arnln'im suggests, that, wti>pD may mean "making +small," "chipping," or "splitting wood;" wherefore he +committed a direct and well-defined labour on the .sab- +bath. + +" Mendelssohn and his successors have rendered nx'i" +with "schaii/dde/i," literally, " threads to be looked upon.'' +The word " fringes" has been retained here, because there +180 + + +eyes, in pursuit of which ye have been led +astray. + +40 In order that ye may remember, and +do all my commandments, and be holy unto +your God. + +41 I am the Lord your God, who brought +you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God : +I am the Lord your God. + +Haphtorah in Joshua ii. 1 to 24. + + +SECTION XXXVIII. KORACH, Hip. + +CHAPTER XVI. + +1 *(\ Now Korach, the son of Yizliar, the +son of Kehatli, the son of Levi, was presump- +tuous,* together with Datlian and Abiram, +the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, +sons of Reiiben : + +2 So that they rose up before Moses, with +certain men of the children of Israel, in num- +ber two hundred and fifty; (who were) princes +of the congregation, called to the assembly, +men of renown. + +3 And they assembled themselves against +Moses, and against Aaron, and said unto +them, Ye assume too mucli ; for the whole of +the congregation are all of them holy, and the +Lord is among them ; wherefore then will +you lift yourselves up above the congregation +of the Lord ? + +4 And when Moses heard it, he fell upon +his face : + +5 And he spoke unto Korach and unto all +his company, saying, To-morrow, — then will +the Lord make known who is his, and who is +holy, that he may cause them to come near +unto him ; and him whom he shall choose +will he cause to come near unto him. + +(1 This do ye : Take yourselves censers, +Koraoh and all his company ; + +7 And put therein fire, and put upon them +incense before the Lord, to-morrow ; and it +shall be that the man whom the Lord will + + +is no English word nearer to the true meaning, from a +root cither signifying "a lock of hair" or "something to +look on." Israelites are well acquainted with the "corner +fringe," which is to be regarded as a memento of the com- +mandments, a simple yet efficient symbol to call to mind +tlu! duty we owe to God. + +'' He presumed to .set himself apart from the conniiu- +nity to quarrel about the priesthood. — Rashi. + + +NUMBERS XVT. KORACH. + + +choose, he shall be the holy one ; you assume +too much, ye sons of Levi. + +8 And Moses said unto Korach, Hear, I +pray you, ye sons of Levi : + +9 Is it too little lor you, that the God of +Israel hath separated you from the congi'ega- +tion of Israel, to bring you near unto himself, +to do the service of the tabernacle of the Lord, +and to stand before the congregation to minis- +ter for them ? + +10 And he hath brought thee near, and all +thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee : and +now will ye seek the priesthood also ? + +11 For which cause (beware)," thou and +all thy company that are gathered together +against the Lord ; for Aaron, what is he, that +ye should murmur against him ? + +12 And Moses sent to call Dathan and +Abiram, the sons of Eliab; but they said, +We will not come up : + +13 Is it too little that thou hast brought +us up out of a land flowing with milk and +honey, to kill us in the wilderness, that thou +wilt assume to make thyself also a prince +over us ?* + +14 Moreover thou hast not brought us into +a land flowing with milk and honey, and thou +hast not*" given us inheritance of fields and +vineyards : wilt thou bore out the eyes" of +these men ? we will not come up. + +15 And this displeased Moses greatly, and +he said unto the Lord, Have no respect unto +their oftering : I have not taken awaj' an ass +of any one of them, nor have I done wrong +to any one of them. + +16 And Moses said unto Korach, Thou +and all thy company, be ye before the Lord, +thou, and they, and Aaron, to-morrow : + +17 And take ye every man his censer,"^ and +put incense upon them, and bring ye near +before the Lord every man his censer, two +hundred and fifty censers ; thou also, and +Aaron, each his censer. + +18_ And they took every man his censer, + +* After Mendelssohn, whd renders pS in the sense it is +used in Gen. iv. 15, as a threat, Philippson gives it, +"Do you therefore assemble — against the Lord?" Arn- +heim, "Surely — you assemble against the Lord." But +the n in DHi'jn favours the version in our text. + +"" After Kashi. Arnheim translates, "so that thou +couldst give us," &c. + +° i. r. " Wilt thou presume to blind the people to thy +assumption of undue power and bveaeh of promi.se ?" + + +and put fire on them, and laid incense there- +upon ; and they stood at the door of the tar +bernacle of the congregation with Moses and +Aaron. + +19 And Korach assembled against them +all the congregation unto the door of the ta^ +bernacle of the congregation ; and the glory +of the Lord then appeared unto all the con- +gregation.* + +20 ^[ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +21 Separate yourselves from the midst of +this congregation, and I will make an end of +them in a moment. + +22 And tliey fell upon their faces, and said, +0 God, the God of the spirits of all flesh," this +one man doth sin, and with all the congregar +tion wouldst thou be wroth ? + +23 ]| And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +24 Speak unto the congregation, saying. +Get you away from about the dwelling of +Korach, Dathan, and Aliiram. + +25 And Moses ro.se up and went unto Da- +than and Abiram ; and there went after him +the elders of Israel . + +26 And he spoke unto the congregation, +saying, Depart, I pray you, from the tents of +these wicked men, and touch nothing which +belongeth to them, lest ye be destroyed +through all their sins. + +27 So they got away from the dwelling ol +Korach, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side : +and Dathan and Abiram came out, standing +(boldly) at the door of their tents, with +their wives, and their sons, and their little +ones. + +28 And Moses said. Through this shall ye +know that the Lord hath sent me to do all +these deeds ; that (I have) not done them +out of my own heart. + +29 If these men die as all men die, and if +the visitation of all men be visited on them : +then hath the Lord not sent me. + + +^ This refers back to verse 5. Moses said there to +Korach, that on the following day God would declare who +was the holy and chcscn servant of the tabernacle. The +test now proposed was, that all who claimed the right to +act as priests, should come with incense before the sanc- +tuary, though it would be at great peril; since it would +be destruction to all but the one who was justly chosen +The text tells the sequel. + +• Arnheim gives this word elsewhere with "mortals." + +181 + + +NUMBERS XVI. XVII. KORACH. + + +30 But if the Lord do create" a new thing, +and the earth open her mouth, and swallow +them up, with all that appertaineth unto +them, and thej go down alive into the pit : +then shall ye understand that these men have +provoked the Lord. + +31 And it came to pass, when he had +made an end of speaking all these words, that +the ground that was under them was cloven +asunder : + +32 And the eartli opened her mouth, and +swallowed them up, and their houses, and all +the men that appertained unto Korach, and +all their goods. + +33 And they went down, they, and all +they that appertained to them, alive into the +pit; and the earth closed over them, and +they disappeared from the midst of the con- +gregation. + +34 And all Israel that were round ahout +them Heil at their cry ; for they said, Perhaps +the eartli may swallow us up (also). + +35 And tliere came out a tire from the Lord, +and consumed the two hundred and fifty men +that had ofi'ei'ed the incense. + +CHAPTER XVII. + +1'' ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +2 Speak unto Elazar the son of Aaron the +priest, that he lift up the censers out of the +burning, and throw out the fire far away ; +foi' they have been hallowed : + +3 The censei's of these sinners against their +own lives; and they shall make of them +broad plates for a covering for the altar ; for +they brought them near before the Lord, and +they have thus become hallowed ;" and they +shall serve for a sign unto the children of +Israel. + +4 And Elazar the priest took the copper +censers, which they that were burnt had +brought near ; and they beat them out for a +covering unto the altar : + +5 As a memorial unto the children of +Israel, in order that no stranger, who is not +of the seed of Aaron, should come near to +burn incense before the Lord; that he be- + +• The sudden destruction of the rebels is called a crea- +tion, and Moses appealed to such an unheard-of display +of power, as a verification of his truth. + +'' The English version commences eh. xvii. at verse 10. +182 + + +come not as Korach, and as his company ; as +the Lord had spoken to him by the hand oj' +Moses. + +6 ^ And all the congregation of the chil- +dren of Israel murmui'ed against Moses and +Aaron, on the morrow, saying. It is you* who +have caused the people of the Lord to die. + +7 And it came to pass, when the congrega- +tion assembled against Moses and against +Aaron, that they looked toward the taberna- +cle of the congregation, and, behold, the cloud +covered it; and the glory of the Lord ap +peared. + +8 And Moses came with Aaron before the +tabernacle of the congregation.* + +9 ]f And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +in o' + +10 Remove yourselves from the midst of +this congregation, that I may consume them +in a moment. And they fell upon their faces. + +11 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take the +censer, and put therein fire from off the altar, +and jnit on incense, and carry (it) quickly +unto the congregation, and make an atone- +ment for them ; lor the wrath is gone forth +from the Lord; the plague hath begun. + +12 And Aaron took as Moses had com- +manded, and he ran into the midst of the as- +sembly ; and, behold, the j^k^gue had begun +among the people : and he put on the incense, +and made an atonement for the people. + +13 And he stood between the dead and +the living; and the plague was stayed. + +14 And those who died in the plague were +foiu'teen thousand and seven hundred, besides +those that had died about the matter of +Korach. + +15 And Aaron returned unto Moses, to the +door of the tabernacle of the congregation, af- +ter the plague had been stayed.* + +1 6 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + +17 Speak unto the children of Israel, and +take from them one staft' each for a family +division, from all their princes, according to +their family divisions, twelve staves : the name +of each man shalt thou write u})on his staff. + +18 And the name of Aai'on shalt thou + + +° Although the sacrifice was in sin, still the oft'criu" +sanctified the instruments used. + +'' They ascribed the death of the elders to the agency "f +Mdses and Aaron + + +NUMBERS XVII. XVIII. KORACH. + + +write u[H)ii the staft' of Levi; for there shall +be but one stafl' for the head of their family +division. + +19 And thou shalt lay them down in the +tabernacle of the congregation l)efore the tes- +timony, where I u.sually meet with you. + +20 And it shall come to pass, that the staff +of the man whom I shall choose, shall blos- +som :" and I will alia}- from around me the +murmurings of the children of Israel, Avhich +they murmur against you. + +21 And Moses spoke unto the children of +Israel, and all their princes gave him each a +staff, one for every prince, according to their +family divisions, twelve staves : and the staft' +of Aaron was among their staves. + +22 And Moses laid down the staves be- +fore the Lord in the tabernacle of the testi- +mony. + +23 And it came to pass on the morrow, +that as Moses went into the tabernacle of the +testimony, behold, the staff of Aaron for the +house of Levi had budded ;*" and it brought +forth buds, and produced blossoms, and yielded +ripe almonds. + +24 And Moses brought out all the staves +from before the Lord unto all the children of +Israel; and they looked (at them), and took +away every one his staft'.* + +25 ^ And the Lord said unto Moses, Carry +back the staff of Aaron before the testimony, +to be kept as a token against the children of +rebellion, that there may be an end of their +murmurings from around me, and they die +not. + +26 And Moses did so ; as the Lord had +commanded him, so did he. + +27 ^ And the children of Israel said unto +Moses, thus. Behold, we perisli, we are lost, +we are all lost. + +28 Every one that cometh near at all unto +the tabernacle of the Lord must die : shall we +totally perish ?•= + +* In ths preceding narrative, the selection of Aaron was +demonstrated by the punishment of those who contended +against him. The present attestation was, however, to +be one of peace, to confirm the institution of the priest- +hood. + +'' Rashbam comments, that the evident meaning of this +in, tliat when Moses first brought out Aaron's staff to the +people it had just budded ; and it was before them that +the buds expanded, opened into blossoms, and yielded ripe +almonds. Rashi renders |"V with "the young fruit" +which appears immediately on the blossom's falling. + + +CHAPTER XVIII. + +1 ^ And the Lord said unto Aaron, Thou +and thy sons and thy father's house with thee +shall bear the iniquity'' of the sanctuary ; and +thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the +iniquity of your priesthood. + +2 And also thy brethren, the tribe of Levi, +the tribe of thy i'tither, bring thou near with +thee, that they may be joined with thee, and +minister unto thee; while thou and thy sons +witli thee shall be before the tabernacle of +the testimony. + +3 And they shall keep thy charge, and tlie +charge of all the tal)ernacle: oidy unto tJie +vessels of the sanctuar}- and unto the altar +shall they not come netir, that they may not +die, either they or 30 u. + +4 And they shall be joined unto thee, and +keep the charge of the tabernacle of the con- +gregation, respecting all the service of the ta- +bernacle : and a stranger shall not come nigh +unto you. + +• r5 And ye shall keep the charge of the +sanctuary, and the charge of the altar ; that +there be not any more wrath upon the chil- +dren of Israel. + +G And I, behold, I have taken your bre- +thren the Levites from the midst of the chil- +dren of Israel ; unto you are they given as a +gift for the Lord, to perform the service of the +tabernacle of the congregation. + +7 And tliou and thy sons with thee shall +keep your priesthood concerning e\'ery mat- +ter of the altar, and for that within the +vail, where ye shall serve : as a service of +gift do I give you your priesthood ; and the +stranger that cometh nigh shall be put t(j +death. + +8 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Aaron, Arid +I, behold, I give thee the charge of my heave- +offerings ; of all the hallowed things of the +children of Israel, unto thee have I given + +" i. c. Since every attempt to approach proves fatal. + +'' "Against the sanctuary ;" " against your priesthood." +— Arnhei.m. " On you I place the punishment of the +strangers that may commit sin through the hallowed +things which are intrusted to you (the priests and the +sons of Kehath :) — you shall sit and warn every stranger +that approaches, from touching them ; while thou and tiiy +sons the priests shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood, +because this is not intrusted to the Levites, and you shall +warn these not to interfere in your proper service." — +Rashi. + +183 + + +NUMBERS XVIII. KORACH. + + +the 01 as an official portion, and to thy sons, +as a fixed right for ever. + +9 This shall belong to thee of the most +lioly things, from the fire- (offerings) :" every +oblation of theirs, namely, every meat-offer- +ing of theirs, and every sin-offering of theirs, +and every tresjDass-offering of theirs, which +they shall render unto me, shall, as most holy +things, belong to thee and to thy sons. + +10 In a most holy place shalt thou eat it : +every male shall eat it ; holy shall it be unto +thee. + +11 And this shall be thine, as the heave- +offering of their gift, of all the wave-offerings of +the children of Israel ; unto thee have I given +them, and to thy sons and to thy daughters +with thee, as a fixed portion for ever : every +one that is clean in thy house may eat thereof + +12 All the best of oil, and all the best of +wine, and of com, the first-fruits thereof which +they shall offer unto the Lord, to thee have I +given them. + +13 The first i*ipe fruit of whatsoever is in +their land, which they may bring unto the. +Lord, shall be thine : every one that is clean +in thy house may eat thereof + +14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be +thine. + +15 Whatever openeth the womb of all +flesh, which they luring unto the Lord, be it +of men or of cattle, shall be thine : neverthe- +less thou shalt redeem the firstrborn of man, +and the firstling of the uncleau cattle shalt +thou redeem. + +16 And those that are to be redeemed from +a month old shalt thou redeem, according to +the usual estimation of five shekels of silver, +after tlie shelvel of the sanctuary, which is +twenty geralis. + +17 But tlie firstling of an ox, or tlie first- +ling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou +shalt not redeem ; they are holy : tlioir bhjod +shalt thou sprinkle upon the altar, and their +fat shalt thou burn .as a fire-offering, for a +sweet savour unto the Lord. ■ + + +' After Aben Ezra; Onkelos, Raslii, and others, "what +is left from the fire," ('. e. after the fat has been burnt. + +"■ That is, " as unvarying and unifurna as the salt, +which never beeonies corrupt or ])utrid." — After IIashi. + +'■ The priests and servants of the [iOiiu shmild not have +political ])c)vvcr through extended possessions. + +■* (". e. Wine and oil, which are produced by means of +expressing the grape and olive ; properly therefore, " with +184 + + +18 And their flesh shall be thine: as the +breast that is waved and as the right shoulde** +shall it be thine. + +19 All the heave-offei'ings of the holy things +which the children of Israel set apart unto the +Lord, I have given to thee, and to thy sons and +to tliy daughters with thee, as a fixed portion +for ever : it is a covenant of salt'' for ever before +the Lord for thee and for thy seed with thee. + +20 And the Lord said unto Aaron, In their +land shalt thou have no inheritance, and any +portion shalt thou not have among them f I +am thy portion and thy inheritance among +the children of Israel.'"' + +21 ^ And to the children of Levi, behold, I +have given every tithe in Israel, for an inhe- +ritance, in lieu of their service which they +render, the service of the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +22 And the children of Israel shall not +henceforth come nigh unto the tabernacle of the +congregation, to bear sin, to die thereby. + +23 But they of the tribe of Levi themselves +shall perform the service of the tabernacle of +the congregation, and they shall bear their +iniquity : a statute for ever shall it be through- +out your generations ; and among the children +of Israel shall they not possess any inheritance. + +24 But the tithes of the children of Israel, +which they offer as a heave-offering unto the +Lord, have I given to the Levites for an in- +heritance : therefore have I said unto them. +Among the children of Israel shall the}'' ob- +tain no inheritance. + +25 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +26 And unto the Levites shalt thou speak, +and say unto them. When ye take from the +children of Israel the tithes which I have +given you from them for your inheritance: +then shall ye separate therefrom a heave-offer- +ing of the Lord, the tenth part of the tithe. + +27 And your heave-offering shall be reck- +oned unto you, like the corn of the threshing- +floor, and as the fulness of the wine-press.'' + + +what the wine-press is filled." The verse it.self is to be +so understood : The Israelites were commanded to give +a fiftieth part of their annual product to the priests; this +gift was called a heave-offering nonn ; and the tithes be- +ing tlie Levites' threshing-floor and wine-press, that is, +their means of livelihood, they were ordered to give from +their income also a portion to the priests, before thej +could legally use it for their own purposes. + + +NUMBERS XVIII. XIX. CHUCKATH. + + +28 Thus shall ye also ofler a heave-offering +unto the Lord from all your tithes, which ye +may receive from the children of Israel ; and +ye shall give thereof the heave-off'ering of the +Lord to Aaron the priest. + +1:9 From all your gifts shall ye set apart +every heave-oftering of the Lord, from every +best part thereof, its hallowed portion there- +from.'-' + +30 And thou shalt say unto them, When +ve have separated the best thereof from it: +then shall (the remainder) be counted unto +the Levites as the produce of the threshing- +floor, and as the produce of the wine-press. + +31 And 3e may eat it in every place, ye +and your households; for it is your reward +in lieu of your service at the tabernacle of the +(-ona-regation. + +32 And ye shall not bear any sin by rea- +son of it, when ye have separated its best part +from it : and the holy things of the children +of Israel shall ye not profane, lest ye die. + +IIa|ihtorah in 1 Samuel xi. 14 to sii. 22. + + +SECTION XXXIX. CHUCKATH, HpH. + +CHAPTER XIX. + +1 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses and +unto Aaron, saying, + +2 This is the statute'* of the law which the +Lord hath commanded, saying. Speak unto +the children of Israel, that they bring unto +thee a completely red cow, on which there is +no blemish, upon which no yoke hath ever +come. + +3 And ye shall give her unto Elazar the +priest, and he shall lead her forth to without +the camp, and some one shall slay her Ijefore +his face: + +4 And Elazar the priest shall take some of +her blood with his finger; and he shall sprin- +kle in the direction of the front of the taber- +nacle of the congregation of her blood seven +times. + +5 And some one shall burn the cow before +his eyes; her skin, and her flesh, and her +blood, with her dung, shall he burn. + + +" /. e. An ordinance for which no reason is to be sought +farther than that it is the will of the Lord, who instituted +it as a test of obedience to Israel. + +" "The stranger" here signifies one that has adopted +Y + + +6 And the priest shall take cedai'-wood, +and hyssop, and a scarlet string, and cast it +into the midst of the burning of the cow. + +7 And the priest shall wash his clothes, +and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and +afterward may he come into the camp; and +the priest sliall be unclean until the even- +ing. + +8 And he that burnetii her shall wash his +clothes in water, and bathe his flesh in water ; +and he shall be unclean until the evening. + +9 And a man that is clean shall gather up +the ashes of the cow, and lay them up with- +out the camp in a clean place ; and it shall be +kept for the congregation of the children of +Israel for a water of sprinkling : it is a purifi- +cation-offering. + +10 And he that gathereth up the ashes of +the cow shall wash his clothes, and be un- +clean until the evening: and it shall be unto +the children of Israel, and unto the stranger'' +that sojourneth auiong them, for a statute +for ever. + +11 He that toucheth the dead body of any" +human person shall be unclean seven da^-s. + +12 Such a one shall purify himself with it +on the third day and on the seventh day, +when he shall be clean ; but if he purify him- +self not on the third day and on the seventh +day, he shall not be clean. + +13- Whosoever toucheth the dead body, the +person of any man that is dead, and purifieth +himself not, hath defiled the tabernacle of +the Lord; and that soul shall be cut off' from +Israel ; because the water of sprinkling was +not sprinkled upon him, he shall be unclean; +his uncleanness is yet npon him. + +14 This is the law, when a man dieth in a +tent: Every one that cometh into the tent, +and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean +seven days. + +15 And every open vessel, on which there +is not a closely fitting cover, is unclean. + +16 And whosoever toucheth in the open +field one that hath been slain with a sword, +or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a +grave, shall be unclean seven days. + +17 And they shall take for the unclean +person some of the ashes of the burnt purifi- + +the law of Israel. The same is the case whenever this +word occux's in reference to observance of religious duties. +° Meaning, whether the dead be an Israelite or gen- +tile. + +185 + + +NUMBERS XIX. XX. CHUCKATH. + + +cation-offering, and they shall put thereupon +running water in a vessel.* + +18 And a clean person shall take hyssop, +and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon +the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon +the persons that have been there, and upon +liim that hath touched the bone, or the one +slain, or the dead, or the grave : + +19 And the clean person shall sprinkle +upon the unclean on the third day and on the +seventh day; and when he hath purified him +on the seventh day, then shall he wash his +clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall +be clean at evening. + +20 But a man that is unclean, and doth +not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off +from among the congregation; because the +sanctuary of the Lord hath he defiled; the +water of sprinkling hath not been sprinkled +u^jon him ; he is unclean. + +21 And it shall be unto them for a per- +petual statute; and he that sprinkleth" the +water of sprinkling shall wash his clothes; +and he that toucheth the water of sprinkling +shall be unclean until the evening. + +22 And whatsoever the unclean person +may touch shall be unclean; and the person +that toucheth him'' shall be unclean until the + + +CHAPTER XX. + +1 ][ And the children of Israel, the whole +congregation, came into the desert of Zin in +the first month, and the people abode in Ka- +desh; and Miriam died there, and was buried +there. + +2 And there was no water for the congre- +gation; and they assembled themselves to- +gether against Moses and against Aaron. + +3 And the people quarrelled with Moses, +and said thus. Oh that we had but perished +when our brethren perished Ijefore the Lord! + +4 And why have ye brouglit the congrega- +tion of the Lord into this wilderness, to die +there, we and our cattle? + +" The wiso men expound this, that he who sprinkles +the water nf puriticatinn sliall not be rendered unclean, he +is merely to wash his garments; while all others engaged +in this sacrifiee are made unclean thereby, till evening. +Hence, in view of these peculiarities, it is pre-eminently a +statute, or a positive ordinance of the Lord, given as the +will of our Legislator. + +^ ('. e. One defiled by touching a dead body. + +* "The Scriptures here declare, that had it not been +186 + + +5 And wherefore have ye caused us to +come up out of Egypt, to britig us jn unto +this evil place ? it is no place for sowing, or +of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; and +water even there is none to drink. + +6 And Moses and Aaron went from the +presence of the assembly unto the door of the +tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell +upon their faces : and the glory of the Lord +appeared unto them.* + +7 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +in o* + +8 Take the staf!', and gather the assembly +togetlier, thou, with Aaron thy lirother, and +ye shall speak unto the rock before their eyes, +that it shall aive forth its Avater; and tliou +shalt bring forth for tliem water out of the +rock, and give drink to the congregation and +their cattle. + +9 And Moses took the staff from before the +Lord, as he had commanded him. + +10 And Moses and Aaron assembled the +congregation together before the rock, and he +said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels! shall +we out of this rock bring forth water for you? + +11 And Moses lifted up his hand, and he +smote the rock with his staff twice : and there +came out much water, and the congregation +drank, together with their cattle. + +12 ^y And the Lord said unto Moses and +Aaron, Because ye have not confided'' in me, +to sanctify me before the ej'esof the children +of Israel : therefore shall ye not bring this +congregation into the land which I have given +to them. + +13 The.se are the waters of Meribah ;'' Avhcre +the children of Israel quarrelled with the +Lord, and through which" he was sanctified.* + +14 ^ And Moses .sent messengers from Kor +desh unto the king of Edom. Thus hath said +thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the +hardship that hath befallen us. + +15 How our lathers went down into Egypt, +and we dwelt in Egypt many days; and the +Egyptians did evil to us, and to our fathers : + +for this sin, they would have entered into the land, that +it should not be said of them that they were punished for +the transgression of their generation, against whom the +decree had been pronounced, that they should not come to +Palestine." — Rashi. + +'' Mirlhah means quarrelling. (See also Exodus xvii. 7.) +" This refers to " the water," according to Rashi, who +adds, "When the Lord executes judgment upon his +saints, he becomes feared and sanctified among men.' + + +NUMBERS XX. XXI. CHUCKATH. + + +16 And we cried unto the Lord, and he +heard our voice, and he sent a messenger, +and caused us to go forth out of Egypt; and, +behold, we are in Kadesh, a city at the out- +most end of tliy border. + +17 Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy +country; we will not pass through field, or +through vineyard, and we will not drink the +water of the wells: by tlie king's highway +will we go, we will not tnrn to the right hand +nor to the left, until we have passed thy Ijorder. + +18 And Edom said unto him, Tliou shalt +not pass through my land, lest I come against +thee with the sword. + +19 And the children of Israel said unto +him. We will go by the highway : and if we +drink of thy water, I and my cattle, then will +I pay its value; I will do thee no injury," +only on foot will I pass through. + +20 And he said, Thou shalt not pass +through; and Edom came out against him +with much people, and with a strong hand. + +21 And as Edom thus refused to permit +Israel to pass through his border, Israel +turned away from him.* + +22 ^ And they set forward from Kadesh; +and the children of Israel, the whole congre- +gation,'' came unto mount Hor. + +23 And the Lord said unto Moses and +Aaron at mount Ilor, by the boundaiy of the +land of Edom, as followeth, + +24 Aaron shall be gathered unto his peo- +ple; for he shall not enter into the land which +I have given unto the children of Israel, be- +cause ye rebelled against my order at the +waters of Meribah. + +25 Take" Aaron and Elazar, his son, and +cause them to go up unto mount Hor : + +26 And cause Aaron to take off his gar- +ments, and clothe therewith Elazar his son; +and Aaron shall be gathei'ed in, and he shall +die there. + +27 And Moses did as the Lord had com- +manded ; and they went up to mount Hor be- +fore the eyes of all the congregation. + + +' After Onkelos. Arnheim, "It is not the least even +(I desire)." Philippson, "It is surelj' nothing." + +' All righteous and ready to enter Palestine; there +was none left among them of those who had the decree of +exclusion pronounced against them; for the whole of them +had already perished, and of those who then remained, it +was said, "And ye who have adhered unto the Lord your +God, are all alive this day." — Kashi. + + +28 And Moses caused Aaron to take off his +garments, and he clothed therewith Elazar +his son ; and Aaron died there on the top of +the mount; and Moses and Elazar then came +down from the mount. + +29 And when all the congregation saw that +Aaron was departed, they wept for Aaron +thirty days, even all the house of Israel. + +CHAPTER XXI. + +1 ^ And when the Canaanite, the king of +'Arad, who dwelt in the south, heard that +Israel was coming by the way of the spies :° +he made an attack on Israel, and took from +them some prisoners. + +2 And Israel made a vow unto the Lord, +and said, If thou wilt but deliver this people +into my hand, then will I devote their cities. + +3 And the Lord hearkened to the voice of +Israel, and he deliverd up the Canaanites ; +and they devoted them and their cities : and +they called the name of the place Chormah. + +4 ^ And they set forward from mount Hor +by the way to the Red Sea, to go round the +land of Edom : and the spirit of the people +became impatient because of the way.* + +5 And the people spoke against God, and +against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us +up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness ? for +there is no bread, and there is no water ; and +our soul loatheth this miserable bread. + +6 And the Lord let loose against the people +poisonous serpents, and they bit the people; +and there died much people of Israel. + +7 And the people then came to Moses, +and they said, We have sinned, for we have +spoken against the Lord, and against thee; +pray unto the Lord, that he take away from +us the serpents. And Moses praj-ed for the +people. + +8 And the Lord said unto Moses, Make +thyself a serpent," and set it upon a pole : and +it shall come to pass, that whoever is bitten +shall look at it, and he shall live. + +9 And Moses made a serpent of copper, and + + +° According to the Septuagint, onnxn is the name of +a place, " Atharim." + +^ Although, as just said, the people had been purified +by the death of the fathers, still the sons also murmured +when they themselves were yet detained from Palestine. + +° When they looked upward and subdued their heart +to their Father in heaven, they were healed; and if not. +they perished. — Yoma. + +^ *^ 187 + + +NUMBERS XXI. CHUCKATH. + + +put it upon a pole ; and it came to pass, that, +when a serpent had bitten any man, and he +looked up to the serpent of copper, he re- +mained alive.* + +10 And the children of Israel set forward, +and encamped in Oboth. + +11 And they journeyed fronr Oboth, and +encamped at 'lye-ha'abarini; in the wilder- +ness, which is before Moab, toward the rising +of the sun. + +12 From there they set forward and en- +camped in the valley'' of Zered. + +13 From there tliey set forward, and en- +camped on the other side of Anion, which is +in the wilderness, and which cometh out of +the boundary of the Emorites ; for Anion is +the border of Moab, between Moab and be- +tween the Emoi'ites. + +14 Therefore mention is made in the book +uf the wars of the Lord, of Vaheb in Supha,'' +and of the brooks of Arnon, + +15 And the descent of the brooks, that +turnetli toward Shebeth-'Ar, and leaneth upon +the border of Moiib ; + +16 And from there to the well; this is +the well where the Lord said unto Moses, +Assemble the people and I will give them +water. + +17 T[ Then did Israel sing this song, Come +up, 0 well ; sing ye unto it : + +18 Well, which the princes have dug, which +the nobles of the people have hollowed out +with the sceptre, with their staves; — and +from the wilderness to Mattanah ; + +19 And from Mattanah to Nachaliel ; and +from Nachaliel to Bamoth ; + +20 And from Bamoth to the valley, which +is in the fields of Moab, to the top of Pis- +gah, which looketh toward the desert.* + +21 ^[ And Israel sent messengers unto Si- +chon the king of the Emorites, saying, + +22 Let me pass through thy land ; we will +not turn aside into field, or into vineyard ; +we will not drink the water of a well : by the + + +* Tlio wadys, or doop valleys, in the neighbourhood of +Palestiiio, f^cnorally have a stream running thruugh them, +whieh swells greatly in the rainy season. Hence '7nj sig- +nifies both " valley" and " stream." + +■" These places, and those mentioned farther, are names +whieh occur in the book of the wars of the LtiRD, and are +unknown to us now. Arnon has several branches which +form the main stream. The descent next spoken of refers +to these rivulets, which unite and How toward the city of +18« + + +king's highway will we go along, until we +have passed thy border. + +23 But Sichon would not sufter Israel to +pass through his border ; and Sichon assem- +bled all his people together, and went out +against Israel into the wilderness ; and he +came to Yahaz, and fought against Israel. + +24 And Israel smote him with the edge of +the sword, and took possession of his land +from Anion unto Yabbok, even unto the chil- +dren of 'Amnion; for the border of the chil- +dren of 'Amnion was strong.'^ + +25 And Israel took all these cities ; and +Israel dwelt in all the cities of the Emorites, +in Cheshbon, and in all the villages thereof. + +26 For Cheshbon was the city of Sichon +the kino- of the Emorites ; and he had foimht +against the former king of Moiib, and taken +all his land out of his hand, up to the Arnon. + +27 Therefore said the poets. Come into +Cheshbon, let the city of Sichon be built tuid +established. + +28 For a fire is gone out of Cheshbon, a +flame from the city of Sichon : it hatli con- +sumed 'Ar-Moab, the men of the high places +of the Arnon. + +29 Wo to thee, Moab! thou art lost, 0 +people of Kemosh : he hath suftered his sons +to become fugitives, and his daughters to go +into Ciiptivity, unto the king of the Emorites, +Sichon. + +30 A^e have thrown them down; lost is +Cheshljon even unto Dibon, and we have laid +waste (all) up to Nophach, which reacheth +unto Medeba. + +31 Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the +Emorites. + +32 And Moses sent to spy out Ya'zer, and +they captured the villages thereof, and drove +out the Emorites that were there. + +33 And they turned and went up by the +way to Bashan; and 'Og, the king of Bash an, +went out against them, he, and all his people, +to the battle at Edrei.* + + +'Ar-Moab, here called Shebeth-'Ar, literally, "dwelling +of 'Ar;" whence the river turned to the well. Beer, which +was discovered probably in a couutry otherwise destitute +of good drink water. (Jnkelos renders, " .\nd thence was +tlu^ well given them." English version, " And from +thence they went to Beer." In this version, Arnheim'a +translation has been followed. + +° " And what was its strength 'I the prohibition of God, +who liad told them, 'Attack them not,'" &c. — Rasiii + + +NUMBERS XXI. XXII. BALAK. + + +34 And the Lord said unto Moses, Fear +him not; for into thy liand have I delivered +him, and all his people, and his laud; and +thou shalt do unto him as thou hast done +unto Siehon. the king of the Emorites, who +dwelt at Cheshbuu. + +35 And they smote him and his sons, and +all his people, until there was none left unto +him that escaped; and they took possession +of his land. + +CHAPTER XXII. + +1 And the children of Israel set forward, +and encamped in the plains of Moab, on this +side of the Jordan, opposite Jericho. + +Haphtorah in Judges xi. 1 to 33. + + +SECTION XL. BALAK, ph2. + +2 ][ And Balak the son of Zippor saw all +that Israel had done to the Emorites. + +3 And Moiib was greatly afraid of the peo- +ple, because it was numerous ; and Moitb was +horrified because of the children of Israel. + +4 And Moiib said unto the elders of Midian, +Now will this assemblage devour all that is +rouud about us, as the ox devoureth the grass +of the field ; and Balak the son of Zippor Avas +king of MoJib at that time. + +5 x\nd he sent messengers unto Bil'am" the +son of Beor to Pethor, which is by the river, +in the land of the children of his people, to +have him called; saying. Behold, there is a +people come out from Egypt ; behold, it cover- +eth the surface of the earth, and it is abiding +opposite to me: + +6 And now do but come, curse me this +people; for it is too mighty for me; perad- +venture I may be able to smite it, that I may +drive it out of the land; for I know that he +whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom +thou cursest is cursed. + +7 And the elders of Moiib and the elders +of Midian departed with the rewards'' ol' divi- +nation in their hand; and they came unto +Bifam, and spoke unto him the words of +Balak. + +• Eng. ver. "Balaam." + +'' According to Midrash Rabba, quoted by Rashi, the +translation sbould be, "with instrimieuts of divination in +their hands." + +" Bj' not stating the reasons for this refusal, the mes- +Bengers were left in doubt as regards them. Hence they + + +8 And he said unto them. Remain you +here this night, and I will bring you word +again, as the Lokd may speak unto me; and +the princes of Moiib abode with Bil'am. + +9 And God came unto Bil'am, and said, +Who are these men with thee? + +10 And Bil'am said unto God, Balak the +son of Zippor, the king of Moiib, hath sent +unto me, (saying,) + +11 Behold, there is the people that is come +out of Egypt, and covereth the foce of tlie +earth : now come, denounce it for me ; perad- +ventui'e I shall he al)le to fight against it, and +drive it away. + +12 And God said unto Bil'am, Thou slialt +not go with them : thou shalt not curse the +people; for it is blessed.* + +13 And Bil'am rose up in the morning, +and said unto the princes of Balak, Go back +to your land; for the Lord refusoth to give +me leave to go with" you. + +14 And the jirinces of Moiib rose up, and +they went unto Balak, and said, Bil'am refus- +eth to come with us. + +15 And Balak sent yet again princes, more +in number, and more honourable than those. + +IG And they caine to Bil'am, and said to +him. Thus hath said Balak the son of Zippor, +Do not suft'er thyself. I pray thee, to Ije pre- +vented from coming unto me ; + +17 For I will honour thee greatly, and +whatsoever thou mayest say unto me will I +do : and only come, I pray thee, denounce me +this people. + +18 And Bil'am answered and said unto the +servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his +house full of silver and gold, I could not +transgress the order of the Lord my God, to +do a small or a great thing. + +19 And now, I pray you, tarry ye also +here this night, that I may know what the +Lord will farther speak with me. + +20 And God came unto Bil'am at night, +and said unto him, If to call thee the men +have come, rise up, go with them ; but only +the word which I shall speak unto thee, that +shalt thou do.* + + +and the king thought, perhaps, that it was because the de- +putation had not been commensurate with the dignity of +the prophet; wherefore Balak despatched a second more +numerous and honoured deputation to call him, and +then for the first time did Bil'am reveal his powerless- +ness. + +189 + + +NUMBERS XXII. XXIII. BALAK. + + +21 And Bil'am rose up in the morning, +and saddled his ass, and went with the princes +of Moiib. + +22 And the anger of God was kindled, be- +cause he went; and an angel of the Lord +placed himself in the way to be a hindrance +to him; and he was riding upon his ass, and +his two servants were with him. + +23 And the ass saw the angel of the Lord +standing in the way, with his sword drawn in +his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the +way, and went into the field: and Bil'am +smote the ass, to make her turn into the +way. + +24 But the angel of the Lord stepped into +a path between the vineyards, (with) a wall +on this side, and a wall on that side. + +25 And when the ass saw the angel of the +Lord, she forced herself against the wall, and +pressed Bil'am's foot against the wall : and he +smote her again. + +26 And the angel of the Lord went yet +farther, and stood in a narrow place, Avhere +there was no way to turn either to the right +or to the left. + +27 And when the ass saw the angel of the +Lord, she lay down under Bil'am : whereupon +Bil'am's anger was kindled, and he smote the +ass with a stick. + +28 And the Lord opened the mouth of the +ass, and she said unto Bil'am, What have I +done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me +these three times? + +29 And Bil'am said unto the ass. Because +thou hast mocked me : had I Ijut a sword in +my hand, I would assuredly have now killed +thee. + +.^0 And the ass said unto Bil'am, Am not +I thy ass, upon which thou hast ridden from +thy commencement" unto this da_y? was I +ever wont to do so unto thee ? and he said, +No. + +31 Then the Lord opened the eyes of +Bil'am, and he saw the angel of the Lord +standing in the way, with his sword drawn in +his hand : and he bowed down his head and +prostrated himself on his face. + +32 And the angel of the Lord said unto + +* Hob. "From thy first being," which the commentator +to Mendelssohn's transhitiou explains, "from the first time +thou didst ride." + +'' Mendelssohn, after Kashi; and it means that though +permission had been given to the gentile prophet to go to +190 + + +him, Wherefore hast thou smitten thy ass +these three times? behold, I went out to be +a hindrance; because the journey which is +odious to me was too quickly begun.'' + +33 And the ass saw me, and turned aside +before me these three times; if she had not +turned aside from me, I would surely now not +only have slain thee, but saved her alive. + +34 And Bil'am said unto the angel of the +Lord, I have sinned; for'^ I knew not that +thou wast standing against me in tlie way; +but now, if it be evil in thy eyes, I will return +home again. + +35 And the angel of the Lord said unto +Bil'am, Go with the men; however, only the +word which I will speak unto thee, that shalt +thou speak :* and Bil'am went with the jjrinces +of Balak. + +36 And when Balak heard that Bil'am was +come, he went out to meet him unto 'Ir-Moab, +which is on the border of Arnon, which is at +the outmost end of the boundary. + +37 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Did I not +earnestly send unto thee to have thee called? +wherefore camest thou not unto me? in truth, +am I not able to honour thee? + +38 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Lo, I am +come unto thee; have I now any power Avhat^ +ever to speak the least? the word that God +may put in my mouth, that alone must I +speak.* + +39 And Bil'am went with Balak, and the}- +came unto Kiryath-chuzoth. + +40 And Balak slew oxen and sheep, and +sent to Bil'am, and to the princes that were +with him. + +41 And it came to pass in the morning, +that Balak took Bil'am, and brought him ujj +into the high places of Baiil, and he saw +thence a portion of the people. + +CHAPTER XXIII. + +1 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Build me +here seven altars, and prepare me here seven +bullocks and seven rams. + +2 And Balak did as Bil'am had spoken; +and Balak and Bil'am offered a IjuUock and a +ram on every altar. + + +Balak, he nevertheless showed too great and culpable an +eagerness to attempt cursing the people of God. + +" Arnheini renders o with "that;" Philippson, with +"nevertheless." + +'' Bil'am was evidently anxious to injure Israel. + + +NUMBERS XXIII. BALAK. + + +3 And Biram paid \nito Balak, Place thy- +self bv thy burnt-oflering ; and I will go, per- +adveiiture the Lord will come to meet me, +and whatsoevei- he ■ may show me I will tell +thee: and he went thoughttully alone." + +4 And God met BiFam : and he said unto +him. The seven altars have I made ready, +and I have offered a bullock and a ram upon +every altar. + +5 And the Lord put a word'' in Bil'am's +mouth, and said, Return unto Balak, and thus +shalt thou speak. + +6 And he returned unto him, and, lo, he +was standing l)y his burnt-offering, he, and all +the princes of Moiib. + +7 And he took up his parable, and said. +From Aram did Balak send for me, the king +of MoJib, out of the mountains of the east. +Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel. + +8 How shall I denounce, ^vliom God hath +not denounced? and how shall I defy, whom +the Lord hath not defied? + +9 For from the top of rocks I see him, and +from hills I behold him: lo, it is a people +that shall dwell alone, and among the nations +it shall not be reckoned. + +10 Who can count the dust of Jacob, and +number the fourth part of Israel ? May my +soul die the death of the righteous, and may +ni}- last end be like his!" + +11 And Balak said unto Bil'am, What hast +thou done unto me? to denounce my enemies +did I take thee, and, behold, thou hast even +blessed them. + +12 And he answered and said. Must I not +take heed to speak that only which the Lord +may put in my mouth?* + +13 And Balak said unto him, Come, I pray +thee, wdth me unto another place, from where +thou canst see them; nevertheless a portion +of them only wilt thou see, liut the whole of +them thou wilt not see : and denounce them +for me from there. + +14 And he brought him to the field of the +watchmen, on the top of Pisgah, and he built + + +* Mendelssohn renders, "to a mountain-top;" but On- +kelos gives tpi' "alone;" Raslii agrees with this. Arn- +hcim renders "devoutly." In the present version it has +been endeavoured to unite both these ideas. + +^ Mendelssohn, "ausvper;" Philippson, "speech." + +° i. e. The people, personified as an individual. + +'' Onkeios refers both the " wrong" and " perverseness" +to the worship of idols, and so is it rendered by Arnheim. +^Sd ni>nn is given after Onkclos. Rashij Easbbam, and, + + +seven altars, and offered a bullock and a ram +on every altar. + +15 And he s;ud unto Balak, Place thyself +here by thy burnt-offering, while I wall repair +to yonder place. + +16 And tlie Lord met Bil'am, and put a +word in his mouth, and said. Return unto +Balak, and thus shalt thou speak. + +17 And he came to him, and behold, he +was standing by his burnt-offering, and the +princes of MoJib with him; and Balak said +imto him. What hath the Lord spoken? + +18 And he took up his parable, and said. +Rise up, Balak, and hear; bend hither thy +ear unto me, son of Zippor ! + +19 God is not a man, that he should lie; +nor a son of man, that he should repent: +hath he said, and shall he not do it? and +hath he spoken, and shall he not fulfil it? + +20 Behold, to bless I have received (the +word) ; and he hath blessed, and I cannot re- +verse it. + +21 He hath not beheld any wrong'" in Ja- +cob, nor hath he seen perverseness in Israel: +the Lord his God is with him, and the glory +of the king dvvelletli among him. + +22 God, who brought them out of Egypt, +is to them like the heights" of the reem. + +23 For there is no enchantment in Jacob, +nor is there any divination in Israel : at the +proper time shall it be said to Jacol) and to +Israel, what God doth work. + +24 Behold, it is a people, that shall lise up +as a lioness, and as a lion shall it raise itself: +it will not lie down until it have eaten the +prey, and have drunk the blood of the slain. + +25 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Neither +shalt thou denounce them, nor shalt thou any +wise bless them. + +26 But Bil'am answered and said unto Ba- +lak, Have I not spoken unto thee, saying, +All that the Lord will speak, that must I +do?* + +27 And Balak said unto Bil'am, Come, 1 +pray thee, I will take thee unto anothei + +after them, Arnheim, render it with "love" or " kindness.'' +Philippson, "the joyous shout of the king." + +" Arnheim, after whom this verse is given, thinks that +it means " God is to the people a sure refuge, like the +Alpine heights are to the reem, which he supposes to be +here the chamois, where it is safe against the hunter." On- +keios translates " the strength and height are his," (God's,) +meaning that He is mightier than all. 0. does not re- +gard therefore dni as the name of an animal in this verse. +^^ 19i + + +x^UMBERS XXIII. XXIV. BALAK. + + +place . peradventure it may be pleasing in the +eyes of God that thou mayest denounce them +for me from there. + +28 And Balak took Bil'am unto the top of +Peer, that looketh toward the desert. + +29 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Build me +here seven altars, and prepare me here seven +bullocks and seven rams. + +30 And Balak did as Bil'am had said, and +he offered a Ijullock and a ram on every altar. + +CHAPTER XXIV. + +1 And when Bil'am saw that it was pleas- +ing in the eyes of the Lord to bless Israel, +he went not, as at other times, to seek for en- +chantments, but he set his face toward the +wilderness. + +2 And Bil'am lifted up his eyes, and when +he saw Israel encamped according to their +tribes, there came upon him the spirit of +God. + +3 And he took up his parable, and said, +Thus saith Bil'am the son of Beor, and thus +saith the man whose eyes are open ; + +4 Thus saith he who heareth the sayings +of God, w^ho seeth the vision of the Almighty, +falling down, with unvailed eyes : + +•5 How beautiful are thy tents, 0 Jacob, +thy dwellings, 0 Israel ! + +6 As streams" are they spread forth, as +gardens by the river's side, as aloe-trees, +which the Lord hath planted, as cedar-trees +beside the waters. + +7 Water runneth out of His** buckets, that +his seed may be moistened by abundance of +water; and exalted above Agag shall be his +king, and raised on high shall be his kingdom. + +8 God, who In'ought him forth out of +Egypt, is to him like the heights of the reem; +he will devour nations, his opi)ressors, and +their bones will he break, and pierce (them) +through with his arrows. + +9 He coucheth, he lieth down as a lion, +and as a, lioness: who shall make him rise up? +They that bless thee be blessed, and they that +curse thee be cursed. + +10 And the anger of Balak was kindled + +• Others, "valleys." + +'' Arnheim refers " his" to God, who is represented as +))lanting the trees of Israel by flowing streams, the great +fertilizers in all eountries, partieularly in warm elimates; +the buckets of '.Jod, his clouds, then send forth a con- +stant supply, that the seed of the trees spokeu of may be +102 + + +against Bil'am, and he struck his hands to- +gether : and Balak said unto Bil'am, To de- +nounce my enemies did I call thee, and, be- +hold, thou hast even blessed them these three +times. + +11 And now flee thou to thy place: I +thought to honour thee greatly ; but, lo, the +Lord hath kept thee back from honour. + +12 And Bil'am said unto Balak, Did I not +already speak to thy messengers, whom thou +sentest unto me, saying, + +13 If Balak would give me his house full +of silver and gold, I could not transgress the +order of the Lord, to do good or evil out of +my own heart : what the Lord will speak, +that must I sjjeak ?* + +14 And now, behold, I am going unto my +people : come, I will advi.se thee against what +this peojjle will do to thy people in the end +of days. + +15 And he took up his parable and said, +Thus saith Bil'am the son of Beor, and thus +saith the man whose eyes are open ; + +16 Thus saith he who heareth the sayings +of God, and knoweth the knowledge of the +Most High, who seeth the vision of the Al- +mighty, falling down, with unvailed eyes : + +17 I see him, but not now; I behold him, +but not nigh ; there steppeth forth a star out +of Jacob, and there ariseth a sceptre out of +Israel, and he pierceth the chiefs" of Moiib, and +destroyeth all the children of Sheth. + +18 And Edom shall be a conquest, and +Seir shall be a conquest for his enemies ; and +Israel shall do valiantly. + +19 And there shall rule the one from Jacob, +and he shall destroy whatever escapeth out +of the city. + +20 And he looked on Amalek, and he took +up his parable, and said, The first of nations* +is Amalek ; but his latter end shall be de- +struction" for ever. + +21 And he looked on the Kenites, and +took up his parable, and said. Strong is tliy +dwelling-place, and placed on the rock is thy +nest.*^ ■ + +22 Nevertheless the Keuite shall be wast^ + + +blessed by the abundance of the element through which +they grow. + +° After Onkelos. Arnheim and others, "corners." + +^ To war against Israel. — Onkelos. + +' Leadeth to destruction. — Arnheim. + +' i. e, The mountain-strongholds of the Kenites. + + +NUMBERS XXIV. XXV. XXVI. PINECTIAS. + + +ed : whither'' will Asshur carry thee away +captive ? + +23 And he took up liis parable, and said, +Alas, who shall live when God doth appoint +this one ?'^ + +24 But ships will come from tlie coast of +Kittim, and will afllict Asshur, and will afflict +'Eber; and he also will be given to destruction +for ever. + +25 And Bil'am rose up, and went and re- +turned to his place ; and Balak also went his +way. + +CHAPTER XXV. + +1 ]| And Israel abode in Shittim, and the +people began to commit incest with the +daughters of Moab. + +2 And they called tlie people unto the sa- +crifices of their gods : and the people did eat, +and bowed themselves down to their gods. + +3 And Israel joined themselves unto Baal- +peor; and the anger of the Lord was kindled +against Isi'ael. + +4 And the Lord said unto Moses, Take +all the heads of the people, and (cause them +to) hang'' the (guilty) up before the Lord, in +the face of the sun, that the fierce angei' of +the Lord may be turned away from Israel. + +5 And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, +Slay ye eveiy one his men that have been +joined unto Baill-peor. + +6 And, ))ehold, one of the children of Israel +came, and brought unto his brethren a Midi- +anitish woman, before the eyes of Moses, and +before the eyes of all the congregation of the +children of Israel, and these were weeping by +the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.* + +7 And when Phinehas, the son of Elazar, +the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up +from the midst of the congregation, and took +a javelin in his hand; + +8 And he went after the man of Israel into +the tent, and thrust both of them through, +the man of Israel, and the woman through +her Ijody : and the plague was stayed from +the children of Israel. + + +" Rashi. How long will it he when Asshur will, &c. +— Arnheim. + +'' i. c. When God sends Asshur to execute his will. +See Isaiah x. 5. — Philippson, "Wo! who might live, if +God dispense it!" + +'■■ And judge and slay those who deserve death. — +Onkei.os. + +Z + + +9 And those that dicil in the ])laguc were +twenty and four thousand. + +Haphtorah in ]Micab v. G tu vi. S. + + +SECTION XLI. PINECHAS, DnrS. + +10 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, +saying, + +11 Phinehas, the s; ; of +Elon, the family of the Elonites; of Yachleel, +the family of the Yachleelites. + +27 These are the families of the Zebuion- +ites according to those that were numbered of +them, sixty thousand and five hundred. + +28 T[ The sons of Joseph after their fami- +lies are Menas.seh and Ephraim. + +29 The sons of Menasseh : of Macliir. the +family t)f the Machirites ; and Machir begat +Gil'ad ; of Gil'ad, the family of the Gil'adites. + +30 These are the sons of Gil'ad : of I'ezer, +the family of the I'ezerites ; of Chelek, the +family of the Chelkites; + +31 " And of Assriel, the family of the Assri- +elites; and of Shechem, the family of the +Shichmites ; + + +" The worJs enclosed in parentheses are not in the He- +brew, as is likewise tlie ease with nearly all others marked +tiius in this version; but they are such as are absolutely +required by the context. + +' The )iunishnient inflicted on the trangressors must +always be Inoked upon as a means of guarding others +against following the i-inful cuMrsc through which the +VM + + +evil was brought upon the sinners ; hence the persons in +the text are said to have become a "sign," or, more pro- +perly, a " banner," or a signal raised up on high, as a land- +mark for those who may pass the road where tiie banner +is planted. Hashi, tiierefore, comments, " As a sign +and memorial, in order that no stranger shall iu future ap- +proach to contend about the priesthood." + + +NUMBERS XXVI. PINECHAS. + + +32 And of Shemida', the family of the She- +mida'ites; and of Chepher, the family of the +Cheph rites. + +83 And Zelophchad the son of Chepher +had no sons, hut only daughters; and the +names of the daughters of Zelophchad were +Machlah. and No' ah, Choglah", Milcah, and +Tirzah. + +34 These are the families of Menasseh ; and +those that were numbered of them were fifty +and two thousand and seven hundred. + +35 ^ These are the sons of Ephraim after +their families : of Shuthelach, the family of +the Shuthalehites ; of Becher, the family of +the Bachrites ; of Tachan, the family of the +Taehanites. + +30 And tliese are the sons of Shuthelach : +of "Eran, the i'amily of the 'Eranites. + +37 These are the families of the sons of +Ephraim according to those that were num- +bered of them, thirty and two thousand and +five hundred : these are the sons of Joseph +after their families. + +38 |[ The sons of Benjamin after their +families : of Bela', the family of the Bal'ites ; +of xVshbel, the family of the Ashbelites; of +Achiram, the family of the Achiramites ; + +39 Of Shephupham,'' the family of the +Shuphamites ; of Ohupham, the family of the +Chuphamites. + +40 And the sons of Bela' were Ard and +Na'aman : ol" Ard, the family of the Ardites ; +and of Na'aman, the family of the Na'am- +ites. + +41 These are the sons of Benjamin after +their families ; and those that were numbered +of them were forty and five thousand and six +hundred. + +42 ^ These are the sons of Dan after their +families : of Shueham, the familj^ of the Slm- +chamites ; these are the families of Dan after +their families. + +43 All the families of the Shuchamites, +according to those that were numbered of +them, were sixty and four thousand and four +hundred. + +44 ^[ The children of Asher after their +fixmilies : of Yimnah, the family of the Yim- + +' In comparing the names of the families of Israel with +those of the fathers who first came into Egypt, there will +be found considerable variation in some of them ; for in- +stance, the name in the text is i^hephupham ; in Genesis +xlvi. 21, it is Muppira ; so likewise Nemuel is in Genesis + + +nites ; of Yishvi, the family of the Yishvites ; +of Beri'ah, the family of the Beri'ites. + +45 Of the sons of Beri'ah : of Cheber, the +family of the Chebrites ; of Malkiel, the family +of the Makielites. + +46 And the name of the daughter of Aslier +was Serach. + +47 These are the families of the sons of +Asher according to those that were numbered +of them, fifty and three thousand and four +hundred. + +48 ][ The sons of Naphtali after their fami- +lies : of Yachzeel, the family of the Yachzeel- +ites ; of Guni, the family of the Gunites ; + +49 Of Yezer, the family of the Yizrites ; of +Shillem, the family of the Shillemites. + +5(J These are the families of Naphtali ac- +cording to their families ; and those that were +numbered of them were forty and five thou- +sand and four hundred. + +51 These were the numbered of the chil- +dren of Israel, six hundred thousand, and one +thousand, seven hundred and thirty. •■' + +52 ^ And the Lokd spoke unto Moses, say- +ing, + +53 Unto these shall tlie land be divided for +an inheritance according to the number of the +names. + +54 To the large tribe shall thou give the +more inheritance, and to the small shalt tliou +give the less inheritance : to each according to +those that were numbered thereof shall its in- +heritance be given. + +55 Nevertheless, through the lot shall the +land be divided : according to the names of +the tribes of their fathers shall they obtain +their inheritance. + +56 By the decision of the lot shall the in- +heritance of each be divided, according as they +ai'e many or few. + +57 *\\ And these are those tliat weie num- +bered of the Levites after their families : of +Gershon, the family of the Gerslnniites; oi' +Kehath, the family of the Kehathites ; ot' +Merari, the family of the Merarites. + +58 These are the families of Levi : the +family of the Libnites, the family of the Che- +bronites, the family of the Machlites, the + + +Yemuel; Zoehar there, is Zerach here; Yob is Yaslmb, +&c. The reason of these changes is not very ;ip|iarent : +perhaps the original founders of the family were known +by both names, or these may have become corrupted in +the process of time. + +195 + + +NUMBERS XXVI. XXVII. PINECHAS. + + +family of the Mushites, the family of the +Korciiites ; and Kehatli begat 'Amram. + +59 And the name of 'Amram's wife was +Yochebed, the daughter of Levi, whom (her +mother) bore to Levi in Egypt ; and slie bore +unto Anu-am, Aaron and Moses, and Miriam +their sister. + +00 And there were born unto Aaron, Na- +dab, and Abiliu, Elazar, and Ithamar. + +61 And Nadab and Abihu died, when they +offered a strange tire before the Lord. + +62 And those that were numbered of them +were twenty and three thousand, all the males +from a month old and upward; for they were +not numbered among the children of Israel, +because there was not given unto them ar.y +inheritance among the children of Israel. + +63 These are those that were numbered by +Moses and Elazar the priest, who numbered +the children of Israel in the plains of Moiib by +the Jordan, opposite Jericho. + +64 And among these there was not one +man of those whom Moses and Aaron the +priest had numbered, who numbered the +children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai. + +60 For the LoKij had said of them. They +shall surely die in the wilderness : and there +was not left of them one man, save Caleb the +son of Yephunneh, and Joshua the son of +Nun. + +CHAPTER XXVII. + +1 ^f And there came nigh the daughters of +Zelophchad, the son of Chepher, the son of +Cil'ad, the son of Macliir, the son of Menas- +seh, of the families of Menasseh the son of +Joseph : and these are the names of his +daughters, Machlah, No' ah, and Choglah, and +Milcah, and Tirzah. + +2 And they stood before Moses, and before +Elazar the priest, and before the princes, and +all the congregation, by the door of the taber- +nacle ol" tlie congregation, saying, + +3 Our father died in the wilderness ; but he +was n(»t among the company of those that +gathered themselves together against the Lord +in the (■(>iii])any of Korach ; but in his own +sin he died, and sons he had not. + +4 Why should the name of our father be +don(' away fi'om the midst of his family, be- + + +* Meaning, that they had omitted to sanctify God. +Mendelssohn, therefore, translates freely, " Because you +196 + + +cause he hath no son ? Give unto us a pos- +session among the brothers of our father. + +5 And Moses brought their cause before +the Lord.* + +6 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- +ing. + +7 The daughters of Zelophchad speak +rightly : thou shalt indeed give them a pos- +session as an inheritance among the brothers +of their father; and thou shalt cause the in- +heritance of their father to pass unto them. + +8 And unto the children of Israel shalt +thou speak, saying. If a man die, and have no +son, then shall ye cause his inheritance to +pass unto his daughter. + +9 And if he have no daughter, then shall +ye give his inheritance unto his brothers. + +10 And if he have no brothers, then shall +ye give his inlieritance unto his father's bi-o- +thers. + +11 And if his father have no brothers, then +shall ye give his inheritance unto his kinsman +that is next to him of his family, anil he shall +inherit it ; and it shall be unto the children +of Israel a statute of justice, as the Lord hath +commanded Moses. + +12 ]f And the Lord said unto Moses, Go +thou up unto this mount of 'Abarim, and +.see the land which I have given unto the +children of Israel. + +13 And when thou hast seen it, then shalt +thou also be gathered unto thy people, as +Aaron thy brother hath been gathered. + +14 Because ye rebelled against my order in +the desert of Zin, at the quarrelling of the +congregation, to sanctify" me through the +waters before their eyes : these are the waters +of Meribah in Kadesh, in the wilderness of +Zin. + +15 ^ And Moses spoke unto the Lord, say- +ing, + +16 Let the Lord, the God of the spirits of +all tlesh, appoint a man over tlie congregation, + +17 Who may go out before them, and who +may come in before them, and who may lead +them out, and who may bring them in; that +the congregation of the Lord be not as a tlock +which have no shepherd. + +LS And the Lord .said unto Moses. Take +to thyself Joshua the son of Nun, a man in + + +should have sanctified me, on the occasion of the water, +before their eyes." + + +NUMBERS XXVlt. XXVI 1 1. PINECHAS. + + +vnd thou shalt give him a charge" + + +U'hoin there is a spirit, and thou shalt lay thy +hand upon him ; + +19 And tlioil shalt cause him to stand ))e- +fore Elazar the priest, and before all the con- +ui-eiiiition ; +lid'ore their eyes. + +20 And thou slialt put some of thy greatr +ness upon him ; in order that all the congrega- +tion of the children of Israel may he obedient. + +21 And before Elazar the priest shall he +stand, and he shall ask of him after the judg- +ment of the Urim before the Lord: at his'' di- +rection shall they go out, and at his direction +shall they come in, he, and all the children +of Israel with liim, and all the coniireiia- +tion. + +22 And Moses did, as the Lord had com- +manded him ; and he took Joshua, and caused +him to stand before Elazar the priest, and be- +fore all the congregation ; + +2-3 And he laid his hands upon him, and +gave him a charge : as the Lord had com- +manded by the hand of Moses.* + +CHAPTER XXVin. + +1 Tl And the Lord spoke unto Moses, say- + + +2 Command the children of Israel, and say +unto them. My ofi'ering, my bread for my sa- +.crifices consumed by fire, for a sweet savour +unto me, shall ye observe to offer unto me +in its due season." + +3 And thou shalt say unto them, This is +the offering made by fire which ye shall bring +unto the Lord : Sheep of the first year with- +out blemish, two on every day, as a continual +Ijurnt^offering. + +4 The one sheep shalt thou prepare in the +morning, and the other sheep shalt thou pre- +pare toward evening; + +5 And a tenth part of an ephah of fine +flour for a meat-offering, mingled with the +fourth part of a bin of beaten oil. + +G It is a continual burnt-oftering, as it was +prepared at mount Sinai, for a sweet savour, a +sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord. + +7 And the drink-oflering thereof shall be +the fourth part of a bin for the one sheep : in +the holy place shalt thou cause the strong + + +" Give liim publicly a distinct injunction of the manner +in which he is to administer the government, exercise +justice, and be a valiant leader in battle. + +*■ That is, of fllazar. The priest invested with the + + +wine to be pouri'd out as a driid\;-()fi"ering imto +the Lord. + +8 And the other sheep shalt thou |)i'('pare to- +ward evening: as the meat-offering of the +morning, and as the drink-offering thereof, +shalt thou prepare it; an offering made Ijy +fire, for a sweet savour imto the LoitD. + +9 ^ And on the sal;)bath-day two sheep of +the first year without blemish, and two tenth +parts of fine flour for a meat-offering, mingled +with oil, and the drink-offering thereof + +10 This is the burrit-offering of the sal)])ath +on every sabbath, besides the continual buint- +offering, and its drink-oft'ering. + + +11 ][ And on the beginnings of your +months shall ye bring as a burnt-offering unto +the Lord, two young bullocks, and one ram, +seven sheep of the first 3'ear without blemish. + +12 And three tenth parts of fine flour for a +meat-oftei'ing, mingled with oil, for each one +bullock ; aiid two tenth parts of fine ffour for +a meat-offering, mingled with oil, for the one +ram ; + +13 And a tenth part of fine flour mingled +with oil for a meat-offering for every sheep : +as a burnt-offering for a sweet savour, a +sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord. + +14 And their drink-offerings shall Ix' half +of a bin of wine for each bullock, and the +third part of a hin for the ram, and a fourth +part of a hin for every sheep: this is the +burnt-offering of the new moon for every +month throughout the months of the year. + +15 And one he-goat for a sin-offering unto +the Lord: beside the continual biu'nt-oflering +shall it be prepared with its drink-offering.* + +16 T[ And in the first month, on the Ibur- +teenth day of the month, the passover-lamb +(must be offered) unto the Lord. + +17 And on the fifteenth day of this month +is the feast; seven days shall unleavened +bi-ead be eaten. + +18 On the first day is a holy convcx^ation ; +no manner of servile work shall ye do; + +19 And ye shall bring as a sacrifice made +by fire for a burnt-offering unto the Lord, two +young bullocks, and one ram, and seven sheep +of the first year ; witliout blemish shall they +be unto you; + + +knowledge derived from the judgment of the Urim, should +impart to the political chief the Divine injunctions for the +government of the people. + +° Whether on sabbath or week-days + + +NUMBERS XXVIII. XXIX. PINECHAS. + + +20 And their meat-offering shall be of fine +Hour mingled witli oil; three tenth parts for +each bullock, and two tenth parts for the ram +shall ye offer; + +21 A tenth part each shalt thou oflfer for +every sheep, of the seven sheep ; + +22 And one goat for a sin-offering, to make +an atonement for you. + +23 Besides the burnt-offering of the morn- +ing, which is for a continual burnt-offering, +shall ye prepare these. + +24 After this manner" shall ye prepare +daily, throughout the seven days, the food of +the sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour +unto the Lord: besides the continual burnt- +(jftei'ing shall it be prepared with its drink- +offering. + +25 And on the seventh day shall ye liave +a holy convocation; no servile work shall +ye do. + +26 ^f And on the day of the * first-fruits,' +when ye bring a new meat-offering unto the +Lord, after your weeks are out, shall ye have +a holy convocation; no servile work shall +ye do. + +27 And ye shall bring as a burnt-offering +for a sweet savour unto the Lord, two young +bullocks, one ram, seven sheep of the first +year; + +28 And their meat-offering of fine flour +mingled with oil, three tenth parts for each +one bullock, two tenth parts for the one ram, + +29 A tenth part each for every sheep, of +the seven sheep; + +30 One he-goat to make an atonement for +you: + +31 Besides the continual burnt^offering and +its meatoffering shall ye prepare them ; with- +out blemish shall they be unto you together +with their drink-ofterings. + +CHAPTER XXIX. + +1 ^ And in the seventh month, on the +first day of the month, shall ye have a holy +convocation; no servile work shall ye do: a + +' lie}). "Like these." + +'' The feast of weeks, which is at the end of the seven +weeks from the beginning of the harvest, or the second +day of tlie passovcr. It is called the day of first-fruits, +on account of the two loaves of the first wheat sacri- +ficed thereon. + +° Tlmugh the first day of the seventh month is an espe- +cial festival, it nevertheless is also a new-rnoon day; con- +sequently the .sacrifices ordained above (xxviii. 11—15) +198 + + +day of blowing the cornet shall it be unto +you. + +2 And ye shall prej^are as a burnt-oft'ering +for a sweet savour unto the Lord, one young +bullock, one ram, seven sheep of the first yeai +without blemish; + +3 And tlieir meat-oflering of fine flour min- +gled with oil, three tenth parts for the Ind- +lock, and two tenth parts for the ram, + +4 And one tenth part for every sheep, ot +the seven sheep; + +5 And one he-goat for a sin-ofiering, to +make an atonement for you : + +6 Besides the burnt>offering of the new- +moon," and its meatr-oftering, and the daily +burnt-offering, and its meat-oflering, and their +drink-offerings, according unto their prescrib- +ed manner; for a sweet savour, a sacrifice +made by fire unto the Lord. + +7 ][ And on the tenth day of this seventh +montli shall ye have a holy convocation ; and +3^e shall afflicf your persons; no manner of +work shall ye do. + +8 And 36 shall bring as a buint-offering +unto the Lord for a sweet savour, one 3'oung +bullock, one rain, seven sheep of the first +year; without blemish shall they be unto +you. + +9 And their meat>offei'iiig shall lje of fine +flour mingled with oil, three tenth parts for +the bullock, two tenth parts lor the one +ram, + +10 A tenth part each for every sheep, of +the seven sheep; + +11 One he-goat for a sin-offering: Ix'sides +the sin-offering of the atonement," and the +continual burnt-offering, and the meat-oflering +thereof, and their drink-offerings.'^ + +12 Tf And on the fifteenth day of the +seventh month shall ye have a holy convocar +tion; no servile work shall ye do; and ye +shall keep a feast unto the Lord seven days. + +13 And ye shall bring as a burnt-offering, +a sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour +unto the Lord, thirteen young bullocks,*^ two + +must be brought, in addition to the festivo-ofFering com- +manded in this section. + +'^ i. e. By fasting. + +° In addition to the sin-oflFerings, the blond of which +was carried into the holy of holies, tiie gout for 'x\/azel, +and the ram for a burnt-offering, menticmed in Leviticus +xvi., shall these sacrifices be made. + +' As the whole scheme of sacrifices is merely an autho- +ritative enactment of the Lord, it would be needless to + + +NUMBERS XXIX. XXX. PINECHAS. + + +rams, and foiirteen sheep of the first year; +without blemish shall they be. + +14 And their meat-oflei'iiig shall be of fine +Hour mingled with oil, three tenth parts for +every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two +tenth parts for each one ram of the two rams. + +15 And a tenth part each for every sheep +of the fourteen sheep. + +IG And one he-goat for a sin-otlering: be- +sides the continual burnt-ofi'ering, its meat- +(jffering, and its drink-offering. + +17 ^1 And on the second day, twelve young +bullocks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first +year without lileinish ; + +18 And their meat-oflering and their driuk- +ofiei'ings for the bullocks, for the rams, and +for the sheep, shall be according to their num- +ber, after tlie prescribed mannei-; + +lU And one he-goat for a sin-oflering: be- +sides the continual burnt-ofiering, and the +meat-ofiering thereof, and their drink-ofier- +ings. + +20 T[ And on the third day eleven bul- +locks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first +year without blemish; + +21 And their meat-ofiering and their drink- +oflerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and +for the sheep, shall be according to their num- +ber, after the prescribed manner; + +22 And one goat for a sin-ofi'ering: besides +the continual burnt-ofiering, and its meat^ +offering, and its drink-ofiering. + +23 ^f And on the fourth daj- ten bullocks, +two rams, fourteen sheep of the first year +without blemish ; + +24 Their meat-oifering and their drink- +offerings for the bulhjcks, ftjr the rams, and +for the sheep, shall be according to their num- +ber, after the prescribed manner; + +25 And one he-goat for a sin-offering: te- +sides the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat^ +offering, and its drink-offering. + +2G 1J And on the fifth day nyie bullocks, +two rams, fourteen sheep of the first year +without blemish; + +27 And their meat-ofiering and their drink- +ofi'erings for the bullocks, for the rams, and +for the sheep, shall be according to their num- +ber, after the prescribed manner; + + +seek f(ir any particular reason for the diver.sity in the va- +rious festivals. Only when oiFered as ordained, were burnt +and other oiferings acceptable, as acts of obedience and +submission to the supreme will of Israel's Ruler and King. + + +28 And one goat for a sin-offering: besides +the continual l)urnt^oflering, and its meat- +ofiering, and its drink-ofiering. + +29 ^ And on the sixth day eight bullocks, +two rams, fourteen sheep of tlie first year +without blemish ; + +30 And their meat-ofTering and their drink- +offerings for the bulk)cks, for the rams, and +for the sheep, sliall be according to their num- +ber, after the prescribed manner; + +31 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides +the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat-ofiering, +and its drink-offerings. + +32 ^ And on the seventh day seven bul- +locks, two rams, fourteen sheep of the first +year without blemish; + +33 And their meat-ofiering and their drink- +ofterings for the bullocks, for the rams, and +for the sheep, shall be according to their num- +ber, after their prescribed manner; + +34 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides +the continual burnt-ofiering, its meat-offering, +and its drink-oftering.'-' + +35 ^ On the eighth day shall ye htive a +solemn assembly f no servile woi'k shall ye do. + +36 And ye shall bring as a burnt-oftering, +a sacrifice made by fire, for a sweet savour +unto the Lord, one bullock, one ram, seven +sheep of the first year without blemish. + +37 Their meat-ofiering and their drink- +ofterings for the bullock, for the ram, and tor +the sheep, shall be according to their number, +after the prescribed manner ; + +38 And one goat for a sin-oftering: besides +the continual burnt-oft'ering, and its meat- +oftering, and its drink-oftering. + +39 These shall ye prepare unto the Lord +on your appointed festivals ; besides your vows, +and your freewill-offerings, consisting of your +burnt-ofterings, and of your meat offerings, +and of your drink-ofterings, and of your peace- +offerings. + +CHAPTER XXX. + +l*" And Moses said to the children of Israel +accoi'ding to all that the Lord had command- +ed Moses. + +Ilaplitorah in 1 Kiu^s xviii. 46 to xix. 12I ; but if it Ijc after tlie +17th of Tamuz, in .Jeremiah i. 1 to ii. 3. + +Hence, also, it is useless to seek for an exact solution of +the various ceremonies attcndinj; them. + +" " A conclusion feast." — Philippson. + +'' The English version commences ch. sxx. at ver. "2. + +IPO + + +NUMBERS XXX. XXXI. MATTOTH. + + +SECTION XLII. MATTOTH, ^\^Qr2. + +2 ^ And Moses spoke unto the heads of +the tribes of the children of Israel, saying. +This is the thing which the Lord hath com- +manded, + +3 If a man make a vow unto the Lord, or +he swear an oath to bind his soul with au +obligation :" he shall not profane his word; +according to all that proceedeth out of his +mouth shall he do. + +4 And if a woman make a vow unto the +Lord, and l)in(l herself by an obligation, be- +ing in her father's house in her youth ; + +5 And her father hear her vow, and her +oliligation wherewith she hath bound her +soul, and her father be silent to her: then +shall all her vows stand, and every obligation +wherewith she hath bound her soul shall +stand. + +6 But if her father disallow her on the +day that he heareth it: all her vows or her +obligations, wherewith she hath bound her +soul, shall not stand; and the Lord will for- +give her, because her father hath disallowed +her. + +7 And if she be given to a man, and have +vows upon her, or what she may have uttered +with her lips, wherewith she hath bound her +soul ; + +8 And her husbaud hear it, and be silent +to her on the day that he heareth it: then +shall her vows stand, and her obligations, +wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall +stand. + +9 But if on the day of her husband's hear- +ijig it, he disallow her: then doth he annul +her vow which is upon her, and that which +she hath uttered with her lips, wherewith she +hath bound her soul; and the Lord will for- +give her. + +10 But regarding the vow of a widow, or +of her that is divorced, all, wherewith she +liatli bound her soul, shall stand for her. + +1 1 And if she had vowed in her husband's + + +" That is, to prohibit oneself something which other- +wise is pprniittoat river, the +river Euphrates. + +S liehold I have given up the land before + + +" Properly "Yardeii." + +^ {. c. After the going (lut from Egyi't, whieh is always +the era mentioned in the Bible up to the Babylonian +captivity. + +° This verse is a parenthesis : Moses says in the pre- +ceding one that he was not able to bear all the labour of +the great multitude: and adds iiuverllieless, may it be +210 + + +3-ou: go in and take possession of the hind +which the Lord hath swoni unto your fathers, +to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give +it unto them and to their seed alter them. + +9 And I said unto you at that time, as ibl- +loweth, I am not able alone to bear you : + +10 The Lord your God hath multiplied +you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars +of heaven for multitude. + +11 May" the Lord the God of your iathers +make you a thousand times as many more as +ye are; and bless you, as he hath spoken +unto you.* + +12 How can I by myself alone bear jour +cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife? + +13 Furnish for yourselves wise and under- +standing men, and those known among your +tribes,'' and I will place them as chiefs over +you. + +14 And ye answered me, and said. The +thing which thou hast spoken is good to do. + +15 And I took the chiefs of your tribes, +wise and known men, and I set them as heads +over you, captains over thousands, and cap- +tains over hundreds, and cajitains over fifties, +and cajitains over tens, and as officers for +your trilies. + +16 And I commanded your judges at that +time, saying, Hear the causes between your +bretliren, and judge righteously, between a +man and his brother, and between his stran- +ger.^^ + +17 Ye shall not respect persons in Judg- +ment; the small as well as the great shall ye + +the will of God to add to them a thousand-fold a.s many; +and then continues with the narrative. + +'' According to the Massorah, "and those weU known, +according to j'our trilies." + +° The law knows of no distinction between the Israelite +and the fircifiiuT ; :;11 are alike brf're the Supnnir . Judge +uf the woild. + + +DEUTERONOMY I. DEBARIM. + + +heiir; ye shall not be afraid of any man; for +the judgment belongeth to God: and the +cause that is too hard for you shall ye bring +unto me, and I will hear it. + +18 And I commanded you at that time all +the things which ye should do. + +19 And we departed from Horeb, and we +went through all that great and terrilile wil- +derness, which ye have seen, by the wa^- of +the mountain of the Emorites, as the Lord +our God had commanded us; and we came +as far as Kadesh-barnea. + +20 And I said unto you, Ye are come unto +the mountain of the Emorites, which the +Lord our God doth give unto us. + +21 Behold, the Lord thy God hath given +up" the land before thee : go up and take pos- +session of it, as the Lord the God of thy +fathers hath spoken unto thee; do not fear, +and be not discouraged.* + +22 And ye alF' came near unto me and +said. Let us send out men before us, that they +may search out for us the land, and Ijring us +Avord again concerning the wa_y by which we +must go up, and the cities to which we shall +come. + +23 And the thing was pleasing in my eyes; +and I took of you twelve men, one man for +every tribe : + +21 And they turned and went up into the +mountain, and came unto the valley of Eshcol, +and spied it out. + +25 And they took in their hand some of +the fruit of the land, and brought it down +unto us ; and they brought us word again, and +said, Tlie land which the Lord our God doth +give us is good. + +26 But you would not go up, and ye re- +belled against the order of the Lord your +God; + +27 And ye murmured in your tents, and +said. On account of the hatred of the LoRi: +toward us, hath he brought us forth out of +the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand +of the Emorites, to desti'oy us. + +' Meaning, "surrendered, yielded up;" elsewhere called +"to give into the hands." + +' "Confusedly; and elsewhere (Deut. v. 20) it is said, +' The heads of your tribes, and your elders,' &c. ; that +apprciacliing was a worthy one, the young men ho- +noured the elders by letting them go in advance; and +80 did the elders to the chiefs ; but in this case you all +Ciiuie in confusion, young men pushing aside tiie ddir^ +and the elders the chiefs " — R.\t,Hl. + + +28 Whither shall we go up? our l)rethren +have made faint our heart, saying, The i)eo- +ple is greater and taller than we; the cities +are great and fortified up to heaven ; and +moreover the sons of the 'Anakim jiave we +seen there. + +29 And I said unto you. Have no dread, +nor be 36 afraid of them. + +30 The Lord your (!od who gocth hetbre +you, he it is who will fight for you; all just as +he did for you in Egypt before your eyes ; + +31 And in the wilderness which' thou hast +seen, where the Lord thy God bore thee, as a +man doth bear his son, on all the way that +ye have gone, until ye came unt(j this place. + +32 Yet in this thing do ye not believe in +the Lord your God, + +33 Who goetli before you on the way to +seek out for you a place for your encamping. +in fire by night, to cause 30U to see on the +way in which ye are to go, and in a cloud +by aay. + +34 And the Lord heard the voice of your +words; and he was Avroth, and swore, say- +in o' + +35 Surely there shall not one of these men +of this evil generation see that good land, +which I have sworn to give unto your fathers; + +36 Save Caleb the son of Yephunneh. he +shall see it, and to him will 1 give the land +upon which he hath trodden, and to his chil- +dren; because he hath whollj' followed the +Lord. + +37 Also with me was the Lord angry'' for +your sakes, saying. Also thou shalt not go in +thither. + +38 Joshua the son of Nun, who sta-ndeth +before thee, he shall go in thither : him en- +courage; for he shall cause Israel to inhe- +rit it.* + +39 And your little ones, of whom ye said. +They will become a prey, and your children +who know not this da}* either good or evil, +these shall go in thither; and unto thent will +I give it, and they shall possess it. + + +° According to Rashi, this ought to read, "Where thnu +hast seen that the Lord, &c." But in either way ihe sense +is the same. + +^ As Moses was relating the ddoni of " the generation uf +the desert," as they are called )jy our writers, he includes +also the decree which was pronounced upon him, since he +too did not pass over the Joidan. "For your sake " +nicnn^ onlv that the disobedience of the ]ieople cau.se 1 his +own transgressiou. + + +DEUTERONOxMY I. II. DEBARIM. + + +40 But as for you, turn you, and take your +j (unie}- into the wilderness by the way of the +Eed Sea. + +•41 And ye answered and said unto me, +We have sinned against the Lord; we indeed +will go up and we will fight, according to all +that the Lord our God hath commanded us; +and ye girded on every man his weapons of +Avar, and ye insisted to go up into the moun- +tain. + +42 And the Lord said unto me, Say unto +them, Go not up, and do not fight; for I am +not among you; lest ye he smitten before +your enemies. + +4.3 And I spoke unto you; but ye would +not hear; and ye rebelled against the order +of the Lord, and you were presumptuous, and +went up into the mountain. + +44 And the Emorites, who dwelt in that +mountain, came out against you, and they +pursued you, as the bees do, and they over- +threw you in Se'ir, as far as Chormah. + +45 And ye returned and wept before the +Lord; but the Lord hearkened not to your +voice, nor gave ear unto _you. + +46 And ye tarried in Kadesh many days, +according unto the days that ye tarried there. + +CHAPTER II. + +1 Then we turned, and took our journey +into the wilderness by the way of the Red +Sea, as the Lord had spoke unto me: and we +travelled around mount Se'ir many days.* + +2 ^[ And the Lord said unto me, as fol- +lowetii, + +3 Ye have travelled long enough around +this mountain ; turn yourselves northward. + +4 And the people command thou, saying, +Ye are passing ty the bcnnk-r of your brethren +the children of Esau, who dwell in Se'ir; and +they will be afraid of you; therefoix' take ye +good heed unto yourselves : + +5 Do not contend with them; for I will +not give unto you of their land, even so much +as a foot's l)readtli ; because unto Esau have I +>riven mount Seir for an inheritance. + +6 Food shall ye buy of them for money, +that ye may eat; and water also shall ye buy +ol" them I'or money, that ye may drink. + + +" Moaning, that tlicy could Iiavc no excuse for asking +favours of men, since their wealth, abundant as it was, +had been supplied by the liberal hand of their God. + +'' Hcb. I'T. "lie hath known;" a knowledge of a per- +212 + + +7 For the Lord thy God hath blessed thee +in all the works of thy hand;" he hath pro- +vided for'' thy wandering through this great +Avilderness: these forty 3'ears the Lord thy +God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked +nothing. + +8 And we passed away from our brethren +the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, iioni +the way through the plain, from Elath, and +from 'Ezjon-galjer. + +^ And we turned and passed the Avay of +the wilderness of Moab. + +9 And the Lord said unto me. Do not at- +tack the Moabites, nor contend with them in +battle; for I will not give thee from their +land any inheritance; because unto the chil- +dren of Lot have I given 'Ar for an inherits +ance. + +10 The Emim in times past dwelt therein, +a people great, and numerous, and tall as the +'Anakim; + +11 As Repha'im' were also they accounted, +equally with the 'Anakim; and the Moiibites +called the Emim. + +12 And in Se'ir dwelt the Chorim in times +past; but the children of Esau drove tlieni +out, and they destroyed them from before +them, and dwelt in their stead ; as Israel hath +done unto the land of his inheritance, which +the Lord hath given unto them. + +13 Now rise up, and get 30U over the +brook Zered; and we passed over the brook +Zered. + +14 And the time which we came from Kar +desh-barneil', until we had passed OA-er the +brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until +all the generation of the men of war A\ere +spent from out the midst of the camp, as the +Lord had sworn unto them. + +15 And also the hand of the Lokd was +against them, to destroy them from the midst +of the camp; until they were spent. + +16 So it came to pass, when all the men +of war were spent by dj'ing from the midst of +the people, + +17 ^ That the Lord spoke unto me, say- +ing, + +18 Thou art passing this day ly the bor- +der of Moiib, by 'Ar, + +son's wants being requisite, before his benefactor can fur- +nish him with the needful. + +° "Mighty ones." — Onkelos. "Giants." — EmjUsh +version. + + +DEUTEEONOMY IT. III. DEBARIM. + + +19 And tliou oomest nigh opposite the chil- +nrvu of 'Ainiiion : do not attack them, nor +contend with them; for I will not give nnto +thee of the land of the children of 'Annnon +anv inheritance; because unto the children +of Lot have I given it for an inheritance. + +20 As a land" of Rephaim was it also ac- +counteil: Re}ihaim dwelt therein in times +past; and the "Annnonites called them Zam- +zunnnim ; + +21 A people great, and lunnerous, and tall, +as the 'Anakim; but the Lohd destroyed them +before them; and they drove them out, and +dwelt in their stead : + +22 As he hath done to the children of +Esau, who dwell in Seir, from before whom +he destroyed the Cliorim; and the>' drove +them out and dwelt in their stead, even unto +this da}-. + +23 And the 'Avvim, who dwelt in open +towns,'' as far as unto Gazzah, — the Caphto- +rim, who came forth out of Caphtor, de- +stroyed them, and dwelt in their stead. + +24 Rise ye up, set forward, and pass over the +brook Anion; behold I have given into thy +hand Sichon the king of Cheshbon, the Enio- +rite, and his land : begin to drive him out, +and contend with him in l)attle. + +25 This day will I begin to put the dread +of thee and the fear of thee upon the nations +that are under the whole heaven ; whoever +will hear the report of thee, shall tremble, +and shall quake because of thee. + +26 And I sent mes!?engers out of the wil- +derness of Kedemoth unto Sichon, the king of +Cheshbon, with words of peace, saying, + +27 Let me pass through thy land : always +by the highway will I go along; I will not +turn unto the i-ight hand or unto the left. + +28 Food shalt thou sell me for money, that +I may eat; and water for money shalt thou +give me, that I may drink : only let me pass +through on foot ; + +29 (As the children of Esau who dwell in + +" Not only the land of 'Og, the king of Bashan, was +the one at times called the "giant country," Ere/^ Bi- +jiho'im ; since the people of Moiib and 'Animon also had +taken possession of two districts belonging to the same +general tribe of men. + +' Kabbi Joseph Schwarz, in his Geography of Palestine, +renders this with "the towns called Chazer," or " Chaze- +rim ;" as there were several' in the southern district hav- +ing this as a general name. + +' This must not be understood as if the Israelites had + + +Seir, and the Moiibites'" wdio dwell in 'Ar, +have" done unto me;) until that I shall [lass +over the Jordan into the layd which the Lord +our God givetli us. + +30 But Sichon, the king of Cheshbon, would +not suffer our passing Ijy him ; for the Loud +thy God had hardened his spirit, and had +made obstinate his heart, that he might de- +liver him into thy hand, as (hath happened) +this day.* + +31 ^ And the Lord said unto me. Behold, +I have begun to give up Sichon and his land +before thee: begin to drive him out. that thou +mayest inherit his land. + +32 And Sichon came out against us. he +and all his people, to the battle at Yahaz. + +33 And the Lord our God gave him up be- +fore usj and we smote him, and his sons, and +all his people. + +34 And we conquered all his cities at that +time, and devoted every inhabited cit}-, and +the women, and the little ones; we left none +tliat escaped. + +00 Only the cattle we took as booty mito +oiu'selves, and the spoil of the cities which we +had captured. + +30 From 'Aro'er, which is by the bank of +the brook of Arnon, and the city that is in +the brook, even unto Gil'atl, there was not one +city which was too strong for us; the whole +did the Lord our God give up before us. + +37 Only unto the land of the children of +'Ammon didst thou not come nigh, unto the +wdiole margin of the brook Yalibok, and the +cities in the mountain, and unto whatsoever +the Lord our God had forbidden us. + +CHAPTER in. + +1 And we turned, and went iq) the way to +Bashan; and 'Og the king of Bashan came +out against us, he and all his people, to tlie +battle at Edre'i. + +2 And the Lord said unto me. Fear him +not; for into thy hand have I given him, and + + +been permitted to pass through the countries of Jloiib +and Edom : Moses's rec[uest was twofold, to pass througli +the country and to purchase provisions. We can therefore +infer that the Edumeans and JMoiibites sold provisions to +the Israelites, while Sichon alone prepared to attack them. +But as the Moiibites were relatives of Israel, their sordid- +ness in refusing to meet them with bread and water, wait- +ing till money was offered, and their hiring Bil'am to +cur.se the people, caused them afterward to be prohibited +the right of becoming proselytes. (Dent, xxiii. 4.) + +213 + + +DEUTEEONOMY III. VAETCHANNAN. + + +all his people, and his land; and thou shalt +do unto liini as thou hast done unto Si*chon, +the kint;' of the Emorites, who dwelt at Chesh- +bon. + +3 And the Lord our God gave into our +hands also 'Og the king of Bashan, and all his +people; and we smote him until none was +left to him who escaped. + +4 And we conquered all his cities at that +time, there was not a city" which we took not +from them, sixty cities, all the region of Ar- +gob, the kingdom of 'Og in Bashan. + +5 All these were fortified cities, with high +walls, gates, and bars; besides the unwalled +towns, which were a great many. + +fi And we devoted them, as we had done +unto Sichon the king of Cheshbon, devoting +every inhabited'' city, the women, and the +little ones. + +7 But all the cattle, and the spoil of the +cities, we took as booty to ourselves. + +8 And we took at tliat time out of the +hand of the two kings of the Emoiites the +land which is on this side of the Jordan, from +tlie river of Arnon unto mount Chermon; + +9 (The Sidonians call Chermon ' Siryon ; +and the Emorites call it Senir;) + +10 All the cities of the plain, and all Gil'ad, +and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edre'i, the +cities of the kingdom of 'Og in Bashan. + +11 For only 'Og the king of Bashan had +been left of the remnant of the Rephaiui ; +behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; +lo! it is in Kabbah of the children of 'Auunon : +nine cubits is its length, and four cubits its +breadth, after the arm" of a man. + +1 2 And of this land, of which we took pos- +session at that time, from 'Aro'er, which is by +the river Anion, and half mount Gil'ad, and +the cities thereof, I gave unto the Reiibenites +and to the Gadites. + +lo And the rest of Gil'ad, and all Bashan, +the kingdom of 'Og, I gave unto the half +tribe of Menasseh: all the region of Argob, +with all Bashan, this is called the land of +Rephaim. + +" "Fortified place;." — Arniikim — who thus distin- +guishes between nnp and -\y "fortress" and "simple +city." Pcrliai).s ri'ip i.s derived from Tp "walls," "a +town fenced in by a wall." + +^ Lit. "City of men;" niid lliis means again, "The +meu who lived therein." + +° "The cubit of a man." Mendelssohn however ren- +ders " Vordcrarm," or, "the forepart of the arm," which +214 + + +14 Ya'ir the son of Menasseh took all the +region of Argob up to the border of the Ge- +shurites and the Ma'achathites; and he called +them the (land of) Bashan, after his own +name, the villages of Ya'ir,'' unto this day.'-' + +15 And unto Machir I gave Gil'ad. + +16 And unto the Reiibenites and unto the +Gadites I gave from Gil'ad even unto the +brook Arnon, the land within" the river and +that adjoining, even unto the brook Yabbok, +the border of the children of 'Amnion ; + +17 The plain also, and the Jordan, and the +adjoining land, from Kinnereth even unto the +sea of the plain, the Salt Sea, under the de- +clivities of Pisgah, eastward. + +18 And I commanded jou at that time, +saying. The Lord your God hath given you +this land to pos.sess it: armed sliall ye pass +over before your brethren the children ot +Israel, all that are fit to bear arms. + +19 But your wives, and your little ones, +and your cattle, (I know that ye have iiiucli +cattle,) shall abide in your cities which I have +given you;* + +20 Until that the Lord have given rest +unto your brethren, as well as unto you, and +they also have taken possession of the land +wliicii the Lord your God giveth them beyond +the Jordan : then shall ye return every man +unto his possession which I have given you. + +21 And Joshua also I commanded at that +time, saying, Thy own eyes have seen all +that the Lord your God hath done unto these +two kings : thus will the Lord do unto all the +kingdoms whither tliou passest. + +22 Ye shall not fear them ; for the Lord +your God it is who fighteth for you. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah i. 1 to 27. + + +SECT. XLV. VAETCHANNAN, pnnxi. + +23 ^ And I besought the Lord at that +time, saying. + +24 O Lord Eternal, thou hast begun to +show thy servant thy greatness, and thy + + +is certainly not the usual length of the cubit, which is the +entire arm. + +'' Chavvoth-yair. + +*■ Tills is rendered according to Onkelos, who has been +followed by Arnheim. "iin is in this sense a noun, signify- +ing " that within ;" and means then the land comprised +within the bed of the river ; and the banks on both sides +are comprised by the word h2i^, as Rashi explains. + + +DEUTERONOMY III. IV. VAETCHANNAN. + + +mighty hand ; for what god is there in heaven +or on earth, that can do aught Hke thy works, +and hke thy mighty deeds? + +25 Let me go over. I pray thee, that I may +see the good kind which is on the other side +of the Jordan, this goodly mountain, and the +Lebanon. + +2G But the Lord was wrotli with me for +your sakes. and he would not hear me : and +the Lord said unto me, Let it suffice thee; do +not continue to speak unto me any more of +this matter. + +27 Get thee up unto the top of Pisgah, and +lift up thy eyes, westward, and northward, +and southward, and eastward, and behold it +with thy eyes; for thou slialt not })ass over +this Jordan. + +28 And do thou charge Joshua, and strength- +en him, and encourage liim ; for he shall go +over before this people, and he shall divide +out to them the laud which thou shalt see. + +29 And we abode" in the valley opposite +Beth-peiir. + +CHAPTER IV. + +1 Tl And now, 0 Israel, hearken unto the sta- +tutes and unto the ordinances which I teach you +to do ; in order that ye may live, and go in and +take possession of the laud which the Lord, the +God of your fathers, giveth unto you. + +2 Ye shall not add unto the word which I +command you, nor shall ye diminish aught +from it ; that ye may keep the commandments +of the Lord your God which I command you. + +3 Your own eyes have seen that wdiicli the +Lord hath done because of BaiU-peor; for +every man that followed Baiil-peor,'' him tlie +Lord thy God hath destroyed from the midst +of thee.' . + +4 But ye that did cleave unto the Lord ^our +God, are alive, every one of you, this day.* + +5 See, I have taught you statutes and ordi- +nances, just as the Lord my God commanded +me; that ye may do so in the midst of the +land whither ye go to take possession of it. + + +* flovc must be supplied, "at the time that thisoccurrecl." + +° As idolatry was the prevailing sin auioug all ancient +r.ati.ons, Moses commences by culling the attention of the +pcojple pre-eminently to the consequences of their relapse +in the country of Moiib ; how that so many that trans- +gressed died, while tlnise firm in the service of God re- +iiiained alive. + +^ Others render, "in all things." + +^ " For your souls' ^ak''." — Arxheim. + + +6 Keep therefore and do them ; for this is +your wisdom and your understandiug before +the eyes of the nations, that shall hear all +these statutes, and they will say. Nothing but +a wise and understanding people is this great +nation. + +7 For what great nation is there that hath +gods so nigh unto it, as is the Lord our God +at all times" that we call upon him ? + +8 And what great nation is there that liath +statutes and ordinances so righteous as is all +this law, which I lay before you this day?* + +9 Only take heed to thyself and guard +thy soul diligently, that thou do not forget +the things which thy eyes have seen, and +that they depart not from thy heart nil the +days of thy life; but thou shalt make them +known unto thy sons, and unto thy sons' +sons ; + +10 The day that thou stoodest before the +Lord thy God at Horeb, when the Lord said +unto me, Assemble for me the people, ;md I +will cause them to hear my words, which +they shall learn, to fear me all the days that +they shall live upon the eartli, and which +they shall teach their children. + +11 And ye came near and stood at the +foot of the mount; and the mount was btu'u- +ing with fire unto the midst of the heaveu, +(from amidst) darkness, clouds, and thick +darkne.ss. + +12 And the Lord spoke unto you out of +the midst of the fire ; the sound of words ye +heard, but an}' similitude ye saw not : there +was nothing but a sound. + +13 And he told unto you his covenant, +which he commanded you to perform, the +ten commandments; and he wrote them upon +two tables of stone. + +14 And me the Lord commanded at that +time to teach you statutes and ordinances, +that ye might do them in the land wdiither +ye go over to possess it. + +15 Take ye therefore good heed of your +souls;'' for ye saw no manner of similitude" on + +" The great King of Israel did not make himself mani- +fest under any bodily shape. All on the mour.tain was +darkness and cloud. A loud voice was heard, audible +words reached the ear of all at once, one impression was +made upon all alike. Hence the energetic prohibition +against the foll^' of representing the Invisible and Incom- +prehensible under any outward shape, even the most +beautiful aud strong. All will fail of reaching him ; con- +sequently all are odious to the Deity. + + +DEUTERONOMY IV. VAETCHANNAN. + + +the day tliat the Lord spoke unto you at +Iloveb out of the midst of the fire : + +1() Tliat ye become not corrupt, and make +yourselves a graven image, the similitude of +any idol-figure, the likeness of a male or of a +lemale, + +17 The likeness of any beast that is on the +earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that +flietli in the air of heaven, + +IS The likeness of any thing that creepeth +on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is +in the waters beneath the earth ; + +11) And that thou lilt not up thy eyes unto +the heavens, and thou see the sun, and the +moon, and the stars, all the host of heaven, +and be misled to bow down to them, and to +serve them, those which the Lord thy God +hath assigned" unto all nations under the +whole heaven. + +20 But you did the Lord take, and he +brought you forth out of the iron furnace, +out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of +inlieritance, as ye are this day. + +21 Fartherraore the Lord was angry with +me for your sakes, and he swore that I sliould +not go over the Jordan, and that I should not +go in unto that good land, which the Lord +thy God giveth unto thee for an inheritance; + +22 For 1 must die in this land ; I shall not +go over the Jordan ; but ye will go over and +take possession of this good land. + +23 Take heed unto yourselves, that ye do +not forget the covenant of the Lord your God, +which he hath made with you, and make +jourselves a graven image, the likeness of any +thing, which the Lord thy God hath forbid- +den thee. + +24 For the Lord thy God is a consuming +fire, yea, a watchful God. + +25 ][ When thou begettest children, and +childreirs children, and ye shall have re- +mained long in the land, and ye become cor- +rujit, and make a graven image, tlie like- + +" "To give them light."— Talmud Megii.laii, fol. 9. +"15iit the text eviclcntly means that the Lord had not in- +terfered with the nation.s in their false worship. Witli +Israel, however, he acted otherwise, taking them fnuii +slavery tn be his people." — Rashbam. + +^ As the verse stands, it means that under the oppres- +sions of the times, many will fall off to idolatry and false +worship. This prediction has come to pass, during the +mary persecutions which have occurred. Onkelos, how- +ever, ))araphrases, "And ye shall serve there nations, + + +ness of any thing, and do the evil in the eyes +of the Lord thy God, to provoke him to +anger : + +20 I call this day the heavens and the +earth to witness against you, that ye shall soon +perish from off' the land Avhereunto ye go over +the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not remain +many days upon it, but ye shall sm-ely be de- +stroyed. + +27 And the Lord will scatter you among +the nations, and ye will be left few in number +amona- the nations, whither the Lord will lead +you. + +28 And ye will serve** there gods, the work +of man's hands, wood and stone, which neither +can see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. + +29 But thou wilt seek from there the Lord +thy God, and wilt find him, if thou apply to +him with all thy heart and with all thy +soul. + +30 When thou art in tribulation, and all +these things have overtaken thee, in the lat- +ter end of days: then wilt thou return to the +Lord thy God, and be obedient unto his voice. + +31 For a merciful God is the Lord thy +God; he will not forsake thee, nor destroy +thee ; and he will not forget the covenant of +thy fathers which he hath sworn unto them. + +32 For do but ask of former days, which +were before thee, since the day that God cre- +ated man upon the earth, and from the one +end of the heavens unto the other end of the +heavens, whether there hath Ijceii the like of +this great thing, or whether the like of it +hath lieen heard ? + +33 Hath ever a people heard the voice ul' +a° god, speaking out of the midst of the fire, +as thou hast heard, and remained alive ? + +34 Or hath a god essayed to go .to take to +himself a nation from the midst of a nation, +Ijy proofs, by signs, and l)y wonders, nnd by +war, and by a mighty hand, and b\" an out- +stretched arm, and by great terrors, bke ;iU + + +worshipping error, (idolatry,) the work of the hands of +men," conceiving, probably, as the commentator to Men- +dclssiihn observes, that to worship idols i< a sin, nut a +punishment. + +° Meaning, the gods of any other nation; did iuch ever +speak to their followers ? and so also in the si;'JCcodin»: +verse. But Onkelos, Jonathan, Aben Ezra, and others +refer God to the Supreme, and the te.\t (hen says that +the mercy which Israel^ witnessed was impartcil to no othci +people + + +DEUTERONOMY IV. V. VAETCHANNAN. + + +that which the Lord your God hath done for +you in Egypt before thy e^es"' + +35 Unto thee it was shown, that tliou +niio-htest know, that the Eternal is the God: +there is none else besides hnn. + +06 Out of the heavens he caused thee to +hear his voice, to correct thee : and upon the +eartli he caused thee to see his great fire; and +his words didst tliou liear out of the midst of +the fire. + +37 And therefore, because he loved thy +father.s, he chose their seed after them, and +brought thee out in his presence'' with his +mighty power out of Egypt; + +3 8 To dri ve out nations greater and mightier +than thou art, from before thee, to bring thee +in, to give unto thee their land for an inherits +ance, as it is this day. + +39 Know therefore this day, and reflect in +th}- heart, that the Eternal is the God in +the heavens above, and upon the earth be- +neath : there is none else. + +40 And thou shalt keep his statutes, and +his commandments, which I command thee +this day, that it may go well with thee, and +with thy children after thee; and that thou +mayest live many days upon the land which +the Lord thy God giveth thee, for all times.* + +41 "[j Then Moses set aside three cities on +this side of the Jordan, toward the rising of +the sun; + +42 That thither might flee the manslayer, +who should kill his neighbour unawares, when +he had not been an enemy to him in times +past; and that he should flee unto one of +these cities and live. + +43 Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain +country, for the Relibenites ; and Ramoth in +Gil'ad for the Gadites ; and Golan in Bashan +for the Menassites. + +44 And this is the law which Moses set +before the children of Israel : + +45 These are the testimonies, and the star +tutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spoke + +' "In his own person." — Arnheim. " With his own +word." — Onkelos ; who, by the by, frequently renders +the holy Name with ^'memera" xiO'O prefixed, as in Gen. +iii. 8, vi. 6, xv. 6, &c.; perhaps the idea of ^oyoj, cum- +mon in his time, as the mysterious creative power of the +Deity. + +'' Others render this word with " springs;" others with +"the foot ;" others with ''heights;" but it probably means +the direction which streams take in quitting a mountain, + +2C + + +unto the children of Israel, when they came +ibrtli out of P]g^q;)t, + +46 On this .side of the Jordan, in tlie valley +opposite to Beth-])eor, in the land of Sichon +the king of tlie Emorites, who dwelt at Chesli- +bon, whom Moses and the children of Israel +smote, after they were come forth out of Egj'pt ; + +47 And they took possession of his land, +and of the land of 'Og the king of Bashan, +the two kings of the Emorites, who were o^ +this side of the Jordan toward the rising of +the sun ; + +48 From 'Aro'er, which is on the bank of +the river Arnon, even unto Mount Sion, which +is Chermon, + +49 And all the jslain on this side of the +Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the +plain, under the declivities'' of Pisgah.''' + +CHAPTER V. + +1 ^ And Moses called all Israel, and +said unto them, Hear, 0 Israel, the statutes +and the ordinances which I speak in your +ears this day, that ye may learn them, and +that ye may observe to do them. + +2 The Lord our God made a covenant with +us in Horeb. + +3 Not with our fathers did the Lord make +this covenant, but with us, we who are here +all of us alive this day. + +4 Face" to face did the Lord speak with +you on the mount, out of the midst of the +fire, + +5 (F was standing between the Lord and be- +tween you at that time, to announce to you +the word of the Lord ; for ye were afraid by +reason of the fire, and ye went not up into +the mount;) saying, + +6 ][ I am the Lord thy God, who have +brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from +the house of slavery. + +7 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. + +8 Thou shalt not make unto thyself any +graven image, any likeness of any thing that + + +or the slope; here, therefore, the points where the slopes +of the Pisgah commence. (See Num. xxi. 15.) + +' I. <:. Without a mediator. — Aben Ezra. + +■* This is a parenthesis, explaining the reason why the +people would not themselves receive the couimauduients, +and of the appointment of Moses as the messenger between +God aiid the people; the word "saying" is to be understood +as though it followed immediately upon the words "of the +fire," in verse 4. + +217 + + +DEUTERONOMY V. VAETCHANNAN. + + +IS in the heavens above, or tliat is on the +earth beneath, or that is in the water under +the earth : + +9 Thou shalt not bow thyself down unto +them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy +God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity +of the lathers upon the children, and upon the +third and upon the fourth generation of them +tiiat hate me, + +10 And showing kindness unto the thou- +sandth generation of them that love me, and +keep my commandments. + +11 Tl Thou shalt not take the name of the +Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not +hold him {ruiltless that taketh his name in +vain. + +12 ^ Keep the salibath-day to sanctify it, +as the Lord thy God hath commanded" thee. + +13 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all +thy work ; + +14 But the seventh day is the sabbath in +honour of the Lord thy God ; on it thou shalt +not do any work, neither thou, nor thy son, +nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor +thy maid-servant, nor thy ox, nor thy ass, nor +any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is +within thy gates: in order that thy man-ser- +vant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as +thou. + +15 And thou shalt remember that thou +hast been a servant in the land of Egypt, and +that the Lord thy God brought thee out from +there by a might}' hand and by an out- +stretched arm ; therefore hath the Lord thy +God commanded thee to observe the sabbath- +day. + +16 ][ Honour thy father and thy mother, +as the liORD thy God hath commanded thee : +in order tliiit thy da_\s may be {irolonged, +and in order that it may go well witli thee, in +the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. + +17 Tl Thou shalt not kill. + +^1 Neither'' shalt thou commit adultery. +^1 Neither shalt thou steal. + +° " As the Lord thy God commanded thee in Marah, +before tiic giving of the law." — R.\siii. Otherwise the +piirase is merely general, referring to the institution of +the sabbath as a divine thing, and is an expression of +Moses ill his address to the peDjile, calling their attention +t(j the necessity of obedience, because it is the will of God. +Hence the iutroiliiction of the exodus from Egypt in +verse 15. See also verse U'l. where the same phrase oc- +curs again. +218 + + +^ Neither shalt thou bear false witness +against thy neighbour. + +18 ^ Neither shalt thou covet th}- neigh- +bour's wife. + +^ Neither shalt thou desire" thy neighbour's +house, nor his field, nor his man-servant, nov +his maid-servant, nor his ox. nor his ass, nor +any thing that is th}' neighbour's.* + +19 ^ These words did the Lord speak unto +all your assembly on the muiuit out of the +midst of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick +darkness, with a great voice, but he did so no +more f and he wrote them on two tajjles of +stone, and he gave them unto me. + +20 And it came to pass, when ye heard the +voice out of the midst of tiie darkness, while +the mount w'as liurning with fire, that ye +came near unto me, even all the heads of +your tribes, and your elders ; + +21 And ye said. Behold, the Lord our God +hath caused us to see his glory and his givat- +ness, and his voice have we heard out of the +midst of the fire: this day have we seen that +God can speak with man, who nevertheless +may live. + +22 But now why shoidd we die ? for this +great fire may consume us; if we continue to +hear the voice of the Lord our God any more, +then shall we die. + +23 For where is there any flesli, that hath +heard the voice of the living God speaking +out of the midst of the fire, like us, and hath +remained alive ? + +24 Do thou approach, and hear all that +the Lord our God may say ; and thou shalt +speak unto us all that the Lord our God +may speak unto thee; and we will hear and +do it. + +25 And the Lord heard the voice of yoin- +words, while ye were speaking unto me ; and +the Lord said unto me, I have heard the voice +of tlie words of this people, which they have +spoken unto thee: they have done well in all +that they have spoken + + +' The English version makes separate verses of i;ll the +commandments; so also in Exodus xx. + +" If we consider that the repetition of the Decalogue +was only to recall the general tenor thereof to the people, +the variations from the text in Exl'SO.\. + +" Here we must understand " replete with." +^ As Moses addresses all the people of Israel, he occa- +sionally employs the singular, they being but one body in +liis eyes ; and again the plural, as they are composed of in- +dividuals. Hence the frequent ciianges observable in the +text. + +" One who sees inicjuity and is ever ready to recom- +pense it with retribution. + +1>19 + + +t)EUTERONOMY VI. VII. AYKEB. + + +nients of the Lord your God, and his testimo- +nies, and his statutes, which he hath com- +manded thee. + +18 And thou shalt do that which is right +and good in the eyes of the Lord; in order +that it may be well with thee, and that thou +mayest go in and take possession of the good +land with the Lord hath sworn unto thy +fathers, + +19 To cast out all thy enemies from before +thee; as the Lord hath spoken. + +20 ^ When thy son should ask thee in +time" to come, saying, What mean the testi- +monies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, +which the Lord our God hath commanded you ? + +21 Then shalt thou say unto thy son, We +were bond-men unto Pharaoh in Egypt; and +the Lord brought us out of Egypt with a +mighty hand ; + +22 And the Lord let come signs and won- +ders, great and sore, on Egypt, on Pharaoh, +and on all his household, before our eyes; + +2.3 And us he brought out from there; in +order to bring us in, to give us the land which +he had sworn unto our fathers. + +24 And the Lord commanded us to do all +these statutes, to fear the Lord our God; that +it might be well with us at all times, and +that he might preserve us alive, as it is at +this day. + +25 And it shall be accounted righteousness +unto us, if we observe to do all this command- +ment before the Lord our God, as he hath +commanded us. + +CHAPTER VII. + +1 T[ Wlien the Lord thy God shall bring +thee into the land whither thou goest to pos- +sess it, and cast out many nations before thee, +the Ilittites, and the Girgashites, and the +Emorites, and the Canaanites, and the Periz- +zites, and the Ilivites, and the Jebusites, seven +nations, greater in number and mightier than +thou ; + +2 And when the Lord thy God shall give +them up before thee, and thou dost smite +them: thou shalt utterly destroy them; thou +slialt not mako any covenant with them, nor +shuw mercy unto them. + +' Ilcb. IITD "to-morrow," any time after to-day. +'• "Son" stands here for the entire people; therefore it +is properly followed by th(' plural in the ne.xt phrase. +" /. ('. The one who is in tr\itii (iod the Creator, while +220 + + +3 Neither shalt thou make marriages witli +them; thy daughter shalt thou not give untc +his son. and his daughter shalt thou not take +unto thy son. + +4 For he ^vould turn away thy son*" from +following me, so that they might serve other +gods; and the anger of the Lord would be +kindled against you, and he would destroy' +thee speedily. + +5 But thus shall ye do unto them : their +altars shall ye pull down, and their statues +shall ye break, and their groves shall ye cut +down, and their graven images shall ye liurn +with fire. + +6 For thou art an holy people unto the +Lord thy God; of thee the Lord thy God +hath made choice to be unto himself a special +people, above all the nations that are upon +the face of the earth. + +7 Not because ye are more in number than +all the nations, did the Lord desire you and +make choice of you; for ye are the fewest of +all the nations; + +8 But on account of the love of the Lord +for you, and because he keepeth the oath +which he hath sworn unto your fathers, hath +the Lord brought you out with a mighty +hand, and redeemed j'ou out of the house of +bond-men, out of the hand of Pharaoh the king +of Egypt.'-' + +9 Know then that the Eternal thy God, is +the" God, the faithful God, who keepeth the +covenant and the mercy with those that love +him and with those that keep his connnand- +ments to the thousandth generation; + +10 And repayeth those that hate him to +their face,"^ to desti'oy them; he will not de- +lay to him that hateth him, he will repay +him to his face. + +11 Therefore shalt thou keep the command- +ment, and the statutes, and the ordinances, +which I command thee this day, to do them. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah xl. 1 to 20. + + +SECTION XLVI. AYKEB, Dpr. + +12 ^ And it shall come to pass in reward +for that ye will hearken to these ordinances, + +the other deities are false, powerle.ss, imaginary beings, +therefore not Ood. lu this sense must the definite artiele +iu this and other instances be understood. + +^ J. f. At once, promptly, ("Arnheim, "in their life- + + +DEUTERONOMY VII. VIII. AYKEB. + + +aiul keep, and do them, that the Lord thy j +God will keep unto thee the covenant and +the kindnet^y whieh he hath sworn unto thy +fathers : + +13 And he will love thee, and bless thee, +ind multiply thee; and he will bless the +fruit of thy womb, and tlie fruit of thy land, +thy corn, and thy wine, and thy oil, the in- +crease of thy cattle, and the young of thy +flocks, in the land which he hath sworn unto +thy fathers to give unto thee. + +14 Blessed shalt thou be above all the na- +tions; there shall not be a barren male or +female among thee, nor among thy cattle. + +15 And the Lord will take away from thee +all sickness ; and all the evil diseases of Egypt, +which thou knowest, will he not put upon +thee; but he will lay them upon all those +that hate thee. + +IG And thou shalt consume all the nations +which the Lord thy God giveth unto thee; +thy eye shall not look with pity upon them : +and thou shalt not serve their gods; tor that +would be a snare unto thee. + +17 T[ If thou shouldst say in thy heart, +These nations are more numerous than I: +how shall I be able to dispossess them? + +18 Thou shalt not be afraid of them; (but) +thou shalt well remember w'hat the Lord thy +God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt; + +19 The great pi'oofs" wliich thy eyes have +seen, and the signs, and the wonders, and +the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm, +whereby the Lord thy God brought thee out : +in this wise will the Lord thy God do unto +all the people of whom thou art afraid. + +;^0 Moreover the hornet will the Lord thy +God send out against them, until they that +are left, and hide themselves from thee, be +destroyed. + +21 Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; +for the Lord thy God is in the midst of thee, +a mighty and terril;)le God. + +22 And the Lord thy God will chase out +these nations before thee, little by little : thou +shalt not be able to make an end of them + + +time,") so that the guilt be expiated in the fourth genera- +tion, while tlie righteousness of the fathers is remembered +to the thousandth of their descendants. ixiiyS means +"every one of those who hate him." + +' Onkelos renders "wonders;" Rashi and Mendelssohn, +■'temptations;" but it appears to be a.s above, iv. 34, to +denote the positive exhibitions of God's power, or wonders + + +speedily, lest the beasts of the field increase +upon thee. + +2o And the Lokij thy God will give them +up before thee, and he will bring among +them a mighty confusion, until they be de- +stroyed. + +24 And he will give their kings into thy +hand, and thou shalt destroy their name from +under the heavens: no num shall be able +to stand up before thee, until thou have de- +stroyed them. + +25 The graven images of their gods shall +ye burn with fire: thou shalt not covet the +silver or gold that is on them, so that thou +wouldst take it unto thyself, lest thou be +ensnared thereby ; for it is an abomination to +the Lord thy God. + +2G And thou shalt not bring an abomintir +tion into thy house, lest thou become accursed +like it: thou shalt utterly detest it, and thou +shalt utterly abhor it; for it is accursed. + +CHAPTER VIII. + +1 ][ All the commandment which I com- +mand thee this day shall ye observe to do; in +order that ye may live, and multiply, and go +in and take possession of the land which the +Lord hath sworn unto your fathers. + +2 And thou shalt remember all the way +which the Lord thy God hath led thee these +forty years in the wilderness, in order to afflict +thee, to prove thee, to know what is in thy +heart, whether thou wouldst keep his com- +mandments, or not. + +o And he afflicted thee, and suffered thee +to hunger, and he gave thee manna to eat, +which thou knewest not, and which thy +fathers had not known; in order that he +might make thee know that not by bread +alone man dotli live, but by e^'ery thing that +joroceedeth out of the mouth'' of the Lord +doth man live. + +4 Thy garment did not tall worn out from +thee," and thy foot did not swell,'' these Ibrty +years. + +5 And thou shalt consider in thy heart, + + +sent as proofs of the truth of the prophetic mission of +Moses. + +' i. e. Whatever is produced by the will of God. God's +word creates; hence every thing proceeds out of his +mouth. + +° After Arnhcim. + +^ i.e. From walking barefoot in the sand. + +221 + + +DEUTERONOMY VIII. IX. AYKEB. + + +that, as a man chasteneth his son," so doth +the Lord thy God chasten thee. + +6 And thou shalt keep the commandments +of the Lord, thy God, to walk in his ways, +and to fear him. + +7 For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into +a g(jod Land, a land of brooks of water, of +fountains and depths'' that spring out of val- +leys and mountains ; + +8 A land of wheat, and barley, and of the +vine, and the fig-tree, and the pomegranate; +a land of the oil-olive, and of honey ; + +9 A land wherein thou shalt eat bread +without scarceness, wherein thou shalt not +lack any thing; a land the stones whereof +are iron, and out of the mountains of which +thou canst licw copper. + +10 And when thou hast eaten and art +satisfied, then shalt thou bless the Lord thy +God for the good land which he hath given +thee.* + +11 Take" heed unto thyself that thou for- +get not the Lord thy God, so as not to keep +his commandments, and his ordinances, and +his statutes, which I command thee this day; + +12 That when thou hast eaten and art +satisfied, and hast built goodly houses, and +dwelt therein; + +13 And when tl\y herds and thy flocks +multiply, and thy silver and thy gold are +multiplied, and all that thou hast is multi- +plied : + +14 Thy heart be then not lifted up, and +thou forget the Lord thy God, who hath +brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, +from the house of slavery; + +15 Who hath led thee through the great +and terrible wilderness, wherein are snakes, +poisonous serpents, and scorpions, and drought, +where there is no water; who hath brought +forth for thee water out of the fiinty +rock ; + +16 Who hath fed thee in the wilderness +with manna, wiiicli thy fathers knew not; +in order to alllict thee, and in order to Drove +thee, to do thee good at thy latter end; + +* The father punishes the son to correct him of some +rvil habit or propensity; in the same manner did the +Lord punish tlic Israelites to cure them of their sinful- +ness. + +' "Lakes." — Aknuei.m. + +' All friini this verse to v. 17 inclusive is one sentence, +and must be so understood: Moses vfarns the people not +to imagine, after all the dangers should he passed, that it +222 + + +17 And thou say in thy heart. My power +and the strength of luy hand have gotten me +this wealth. + +18 But thou shalt remember the Lord thy +God; for it is he that giveth thee power to +get wealth ; in order that he might fulfil his +covenant which he hath sworn unto thy +fathers, as it is this day. + +19 If And it shall come to pass, that, if +thou shouldst forget the Lord thy God, and +walk after other gods, and serve them, and +bow thyself down to them, I testify against +you this day that ye shall surely perish ; + +20 Like the nations which the Lord de- +stroyeth from before you, so shall ye perish ; +in recompense of that ye would not hearken +unto the voice of the Lord your God. + +CHAPTER IX. + +1 T[ Hear, 0 Israel : Thou art to pass this +day over the Jordan, to go in to drive out +nations greater and mightier than thou, (to +conquer) cities great and fortified up to +heaven, + +2 A people great and tall, the children of +the 'Anakim, whom thou knowest, and of +whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand +before the children of 'Anak ! + +3 Understand therefore this day, that the +Lord thy God it is who goeth over before +thee, he is a consuming fire; he will destroy +them, and he will subdue them before thy +face; and thou wilt drive them out. and de- +stroy them quickly,'' as the Lord hath spoken +unto thee.* + +4 Thou must not say in thy heart, when +the Lord thy God doth cast them out from +before thee, as followeth, For my righteous- +ness hath the Lord Ijrought me in to possess +this land; and that for the wickedness of +these nations the Lord doth drive them out +from before thee. + +5 Not for thy righteousness, nor lor the +uprightness of th^y heart, dost thou go in to +possess their land ; but for the wickedness of +these nations doth the Lord thy God drive + + +was their strength which had accomplished all, but to look +upon their acquisitions as the gift of God ; man indeed must +labour, but God alone can graut success. + +■* This is no contradiction to vii. '22 ; for there it merely +says that the conquest shall be gradual ; here that, though +it take place in this way, it would still be in less time than +tiie Israelites, from their unprepared .state to cope with +their enemies, could rationally expect. + + +DEUTERONOMY IX. AYKEB. + + +them out from before thee, and in order that +he may fulfil the word which the Lorp hath +sworn unto thy fathers, to x\braham, to Isaac, +and to Jacob. + +6 And thou shalt know, that not for th}^ +riditeousness doth the Lord thy God give +unto thee this good land to possess it; for +thou art a stiff-necked people. + +7 Remember," do not forget, how thou +didst provoke the Lord thy God to wrath in +the wilderness : from the day that thou went- +est out of the land of Egypt, until ye came +unto this place, have ye been rebellious +against the Lord. + +8 Also at Horeb ye provoked the Lord to +wrath, so that the Lord was angry with you +to destroy you. + +9 When I Avas gone up into the mount to +receive the tables of stone, the tables of the +covenant which the Lord had made with you, +and 1 aljode on the mount forty days and +forty nights, Ijread did I not eat, and water +did I not drink. + +10 And the Lord gave unto ine the two +tables of stone inscribed by the finger of God ; +and on them (was written) according to all +the words, which the Lord had spoken with +you on the mount out of the midst of the fire +on the day of the assembly. + +11 And it came to pass at the end of forty +days and forty nights, that the Lord gave +unto me the two tables of stone, the tables of +the covenant. + +12 And the Lord said unto' me. Arise, get +thee down f[uickly from here; for thy people +which tliou hast brought forth out of Egypt +have become corrujited ; they have quickly +turned aside out of the way which I have +commanded them; they have made them- +selves a molten image. + +13 And the Lord said unto me, thus, I +have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stifl- +necked people: + +14 Let me alone, and I will destroy them, +and blot out their name from imder the +heavens; and I will make of thee a nation +mightier and more numerous than they. + +15 And I turned and came down from the + +* Since men are so apt to imagine all they receive as +justly their due, the prophet here impresses upon the +people, that they had deserved punishment, not the great +mercy which was and would be shown them. + +' Although Moses had already spoken of the rebellion + + +mount, and the mount was burning with fire; +and the two tables of the covenant were upon +my two hands. + +l(j And I looked, and, behold, ye had sin- +ned agaiivst the Lord your God, ye had made +yourselves a molten calf; ye had turned aside +quickly out of the way which the Lord had +commanded you. + +17 And I took hold of the two tables, and +cast them out of my two hands, and I broke +them Ijefore your ej'es. + +18 And I threw myself down before the * +Lord, as at the first, forty days and forty +nights; bread did I not eat, and water did I +not drink; on account of all your sins which +ye had committed, in doing what is evil in +the eyes of the Lord, to provoke him to +anger. + +19 For I was afraid of the anger and the +indignation, wherewith the Lord was wi-otli +against 3'ou to destroy you; but the Lord +hearkened unto me also at that time. + +20 And with Aaron was the Lord Aery +angry to destroy him; and I praved also tin- +Aaron at the same time. + +21 And your work of sin, which yo had +made, the calf, I took and burnt it in fire, +and stami^ed it, grinding it very small, until +it was as fine as dust: and I cast the dust +thereof into the brook that descendeth from +the mount. + +22 And at Taberah, and at Massah and at +Kibroth-hattalivah, have ye been provoking +the Lord to wrath. + +23 And when the Lord sent you from Ka- +desh-barnea','' saying. Go up and take posses- +sion of the land which I have given you : +then rebelled ye against the order of the Lord +your God, and ye believed not in him, and ye +hearkened not to his voice. + +24 Rel^ellious have ye been against the +Lord, from the day that I have known \on. + +2-5 And I threw myself down Ijefore the +Lord those forty days and forty nights, which +I threw myself down ; because the Lord had +said that he would destroy you. + +26 And I jsrayed unto the Lord, and said,' +0 Lord Eternal, destroy not thy people and + + +upon the occasion of the spies, he sums up here this event +also as a connected portion of their series of obdurate sin- +ning. + +° As was said above with the ten commandments, so it +is here : Moses gives merely the substance of what oc- + +223 + + +DEUTERONOMY IX. X. AYKEB. + + +thy heritao'e, which thou hast redeemed +through thy greatness, which thou hast +brought forth out of Egyj^t with a mighty +hand. + +27 Think of tliy servants, of Abraliam, of +Isaac, and of Jacob ; turn not unto the stub- +bornness of this people, nor to its wickedness, +nor to its sin : + +28 Lest (the inhabitants of) the bind +whence thou hast brought us out say, Out of +want of abihty in the Lord to bring them + +'^ into the land which he had promised them, +and out of his hatred to them, hath he +brought them out to slay them in the wilder- +ness. + +29 Whereas they are thy people and thy +heritage, whom thou hast bi'ought out by thy +mighty power and by thy outstretched arm.* + +CHAPTEE X. + +1 ^ At that time the Lord said unto me, +Hew for thyself two tables of stone like unto +the first, and come up unto me into the +mount; and make thyself an ark of wood. + +2 And I will write on the tables the words +that were on the first tables which thou hast +broken; and thou shalt put them in the ark. + +3 And I made an ark of shift im-wood, and +hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; +and I went up into the mount, with the two +tables in my hand. + +4 And he wrote on the tables, like the first +writing, the ten connnandments, which the +Lord had spoken unto you on the mount out +of the midst of the fire on the day of the as- +sembly; and the Lord gave them unto me. + +5 And I turned myself and came down +from the mount, and I put the tables in the +ark which I had made; and they have re- +mained there, as the Lord hath commanded +me. + +6 And the children of Israel took their +journey from the wells of the children of Ya'a- +kan to Mosserah : there' Aaron died, and he + + +curred, and confines himself not to the exact words which +were spoken. His object is to condense, and occasionally +to add some particulars not before dwelt upon. + +* This verse is thus explained by Abon Ezra : " Above +it is said that Moses prayed also for Aaron ; and he did +not die then, but at the end of forty years." The places +mentioned here are either divisions of Mount Hor, or +neighbiinring places thereto. The former opinion is pro- +bably the most correct. +224 + + +was buried there ; and Elazar his son became +priest in his stead. + +7 From there they journeyed unto Gudgo- +dah ; and I'rom Gudgodah to Yotbatha, a land +of brooks of waters. + +8 At that time^ did the Lord separate the +tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant +of the Lord, to stand before the Lord to +minister unto him, and to bless in his name, +unto this day. + +9 Therefore was not assigned unto Levi +any poiition or mheritance with his brethren : +the Lord is his inheritance, as tlie Lord thy +God hath spoken to him. + +10 And I stayed on the mount, like the +first days, forty days and forty nights ; and +the Lord hearkened unto me also at that +time, the Lord would not destroy thee. + +11 And the Lord said unto me, Ari.se, go +on the journey before the i)eople, that they +may go in and take possession of the land, +which I have sworn unto their fathers to give +unto them.* + +12 ^ And now, Israel, what doth the Lord +thy God require of thee, but to fear the Lord +thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love +him, and to serve the Lord thy God ^vith all +thy heart and with all thy soul, + +13 To keep the commandments of the +Lord, and his statutes, which I command thee +this day, for thy own good ? + +14 Behold, to the Lord thy God belong +the heavens and the heavens of heavens, and +the earth with' all that is thereon ; + +15 Yet only in thy fathers had the Lord +delight, to love them ; he chose, therefore, +their seed after them, namely you, from all +the nations, as it is this day. + +l(i Remove" therefore the obduracy of your +heart, and be no more stiff-neclved.'' + +17 For the Lord your God is the God of +gods, and the Lord of lords, the great, the +mighty, and the terrible God, who hath no re- +gard to persons, and talceth no bribe ; + + +' At the time first mentioned, when the golden calf was +made. + +° The phrase employed in the Hebrew is so peculiarly +idiomatic, that it has been freely rendered, more so than +any other hitherto in this version. Whatever is odious +among the Israelites is called "uncircumcised ;" hence, t +serve to do all this commandment which I +command thee this day. + +6 For the Lord thy God blesseth thee, as +he hath spoken unto thee; and thou shalt +lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not +borrow; and thou shalt rule over many na- +tions, but over thee shall they not rule. + +7 1[ If there be among thee a needy man, +au}' one of thy brethren within any of thy +gates in thy land which the Lord thy God +giveth thee; thou shalt not harden thy heart, +nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother. + +8 But thou shalt open wide thj' hand unto +him, and thou shalt surely lend him sufficient +for his need, which his want requireth. + +9 Beware that there be not a wicked +thought in thy heart, saying, Tlie seventh +year, the year of release, is at hand ; and thy +eye be thus evil against thy needy brother, so +that thou wouldst give him nought; and if +he cry concerning tliee unto the Lord, it will +be sin in thee: + +10 Thou shalt surely give him, and thy +heart shall not be grieved when thou giv .st +unto him ; for because of this thing the Lord +thy God will bless thee in all thy work, and +in all the acquisition of thy hand. + +11 For the needy will not cease out of the +land; therefore do I command thee, saying, +Thou shalt open wide thy hand unto thy +brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in +thy land. + +12 ][ If thy brother, the Hebrew, or a He- +brew woman, be sold unto thee, he shall serve +thee six years; and in the seventh year shalt +thou let him go free from thee. + +13 And when thou lettest him go out free +from thee, thou shalt not let him go away +empty : + +14 Thou shalt funiish liim liljerally out of +thy flocks, and out of thy threshing-floor, and +out of thy wine-press; wherewith the Lord +thy God hath blessed thee, that shalt thou +give unto him. + +15 And thou slialt remember that thou + + +" This verse has been rendered according to Moniicls-. +sohn; but it evidently means that the poor siiould In' very +few ; hence to relieve them will be no difEoult duty. + + +DKUTERONOMY XV. XVI. REAY. + + +hast l)<'en a bond-man in the land of Egypt, +and that tlie Lord thy God hatli redeemed +thee; therefore do I command thee this thing +to-day. + +IG And it shall be. if he say unto thee. T +will not go away from thee; because he loveth +thee and thy house, because he is well with +thee : + +17 Then shalt thou take an awl, ^and +thrust it through his ear unto the door, and +he shall be unto thee a servant for ever;* and +also unto thy maid-servant shalt thou do like- +wise. + +18 It shall not seem hard unto thee, when +thou sendest him away free from thee, that +for double the w'ages of a hired labourer hath +he served thee si.K years; and the Lord thy +God will bless thee in all that thou doest.* + +19 ^ All the first-born males that come of +thy herds and of thy flocks shalt thou sanctify +unto the Lord thv God : thou shalt do no +work with the first-born of thy bullock, and +not shear the first-bora of thy sheep. + +20 Before the Lord thv God shalt thou +eat it year by year, in the place which the +Lord will choose, thou with th}- household. + +21 And if there be any blemish thereon, +if it be lame, or blind, or have any (other) ill +blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the +Lord thy God. + +22 Within thy gates shalt thou eat it, +the unclean and the clean together, as the +roebuck, and as the hart. + +2o Only the Ijlood thereof shalt thou not +eat: upon the ground shalt thou pour it out +as water. + +CHAPTER XVL + +1 ^ Observe the month of Abib,'' and pre- +pare the passover-sacrilice unto the Lord thy +God; for in the month of Abil) did tlie Lord +thy God bring thee forth out of Egypt by +night. + +2 And thou shalt sacrifice the [)assover- +offering unto the Lord thy God of sheep and +oxen, in the place which the Lord will choose +to let Ins name dwell there. + +3 Thou shalt not eat therewith any leaven- +ed bread; seven days shalt thou eat there- +with unleavened bread, the bread of affliction; + +* i. e. Till the jubilee, when all seivltuJe terminates. +' t. e. The ripening of the grain. + + +for in haste didst thou go forth out of the +land of Egypt ; in order that thou nia} est vv.' +member the day of thy going tbith out of the +land of Egypt all the days of th}' life. + +4 And there shall not be seen with thee +any leaven in all tin* borders seven days: +neither shall there any of the flesli, which +thou sacrificedst in the evening, on the first +day, remain all night until tlie morning. + +■5 Thou mayest not slay the passover witli- +in any of thy gates, which the Lord thy God +giveth thee; + +6 But at the place which the Lord thy +God will choose to let his mime dwell in. +there shalt thou slay the passover at e\(n- +ina", a-t the going down of the sun, at the +season that thou camest forth out of Egypt. + +7 And thou shalt roast" and eat it in the +place which the Lord thy God will choose; +and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go +unto thy tents. + +8 Six days shalt thou eat unleavened +bread; and on the seventh day shall be a +solemn assembly to the Lord thy God ; thou +shalt do no work. + +9 ^ Seven weeks shalt thou nundjer unto +thyself: from the time thou beginnest to put +the sickle to the corn, shalt thou begin to +number seven weeks. + +10 And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks +unto the Lord thy God with a tribute of a +freewill-offering of thy hand, which thou shalt +give: according as the Lord tliy God shall +have blessed thee. + +11 And thou shalt rejoice Ijefore the Lord +thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daugh- +ter, and thy man-servant, and thy maid-ser- +vant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, +and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the +widow, that are in the midst of thee, in the +place which the Lord thy God will choose to +let his name dwell there. + +12 And thou shalt rememlter that tliou +hast been a bond-man in Egypt ; and thou +shalt observe and do these statutes. '=" + +13 ^ The feast of tabernacles shalt thou +hold for thyself seven days, when thou hast +gathered in the produce of thy threshing- +floor and of thy wine-press: + +14 And thou shalt rejoice on thy feast, + +° Heb. "Boil;" but the preparation of the passnver wn;" +by roa?ting. + +231 + + +DEUTERONOMY XVI. XVII. SHOPHETIM. + + +thuii, and thy son, and tli}' daughter, and thy +man-servant, and thy maid-servant, and the +Levite, and the stranger, and the fatherless, +and the widow, that are within thy gates. + +15 Seven days shalt thou Iveep a solemn +feast unto the Lord thy God in the place +which the Lokd will choose; because the +Lord thy God will bless thee in all thy pro- +duct, and in all the work of thy hands, and +thou shalt only rejoice. + +16 Three times in the year shall every one +of thy males appeAr before the Lord thy God +in the place which he will choose: on the +feast of unleavened bread, and on the feast of +weeks, and on the feast of tabernacles; and +no one shall appear before the Lord empty; + +17 Every man according to Avhat his hand +can give, according to the blessing of the Lord +thy God which he hath given thee. + +Ilanhtin-ah in Isaiah liv. 11 to Iv. 5. + + +SECTION XL VIII. SHOPHETIM, D't3£)r. + +18 ^ Judges and officers shalt thou appoint +unto thyself in all thy gates, Avhicli the Lord +thy (iod giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: +and they shall judge the people with a just +judgment. + +ill Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou +shalt not resjject persons, and thou shalt not +talvo a bribe; for tlie bril)e lilindeth the eyes +of the wise, and perverteth the words of the +righteous. + +20 Justice, (mly justice shalt thou pursue; +in order that thou niayest live, and retain +possession of the land wliich the Lord thy +God giveth thee. + +21 T[ Thou shalt not plant unto thyself a +grove, any tree, near the altar of the Lord +thy God, which thou shalt make unto thy- +self + +22 Neither shalt thou set thee up any +statue," which the Lord thv God hateth. + +CHAPTER XVn. + +1 % Tliou shalt not sacrifice unto the Lord +thy God any bullock, or lamb, whereon there + + +•Lit. " Jlonument," or ".standing stone." Single +stones wore erected by heathens for altars to idols, and +some idols even were represented by rude unseulptured +blocks; hence tie prohibition of them, and of all figures +or statues put up as monuments. + + +is a blemish, any tiling evil; for it is an alio- +mination unto the Lord thy God. + +2 ^ If there be found in the midst of thee, +within any one of thy gates, which the Lord +thy God giveth thee, a man or a woman, that +doth the wickedness in the eyes of the Lord +thy God, to transgress his covenant, + +3 And he hath gone and served other gods, +anc^ worshipped them, either the sun, or the +moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I +have prohibited; + +4 And it be told thee, and thou hearest of +it: then shalt thou inquire diligently; and, +behold, if it be true, the thing is certain, such +abomination hath been wrought in Israel : + +-3 Then shalt thou bring forth that man or +that woman, who have committed this wack- +ed thing, unto thy gates, the man or the +woman, and thou shalt stone them with +stones till they die. + +6 Upon the evidence'' of two witnesses, or +of three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of +deatli be put to death: he shall not l^e put to +death upon the evidence of one witness. + +7 The hand of the witnesses shall be first +upon him to put him to deatli. and the hand +of all the people at the last; and thou shalt +put the evil away from the midst of thee. + +8 ^ If a matter be unknown" to thee for +decision, between blood and blood, Ijetween +plea and plea, and between bodily injury and +injury, (or) matters of controversy within thy +gates: then shalt thou arise, and get thee up +unto the place which the Lord thy God v,ill +choose ; + +9 iVnd thou shalt come unto the priests, +the Levites, and unto the judge that may be in +those days, and thou shalt inquire, and they +shall inform thee of the sentence of the case ; + +10 And thou shalt do according to the sen- +tence, wdiich they may tell thee from that +place which the Lord will choose, and tliou +shalt observe to do according to all tliat they +may instruct thee; + +11 In accordance with the instruction +which they may instruct thee, and according +to the decision which they may say unto thee, +shalt thou do: thou shalt not depart from the + +' Heb. "Mouth," or that spoken by the mouth; here, +"evidence." + +" xSiJ' from xSi) "a wonder;" hence "extraordinary," +"too difficult," or "unknown." The last word has been +selected as best comprising all the shades of meaning. + + +DEUTERONOMY XVII. XVIII. SHOPHETIM. + + +sentence which they may tell thee, to the +right, or to the left. + +12 And the man that will act presump- +tuously, so as not to hearken unto the priest +that standeth to minister there before the +Lord thy God, or unto the judge, even that +man shall die ; and thou shalt put away the +evil from Israel. + +13 And all the people shall hear, and be +afraid, and not act presumptuously any more.* + +14 ]| When thou art come unto the land +which the Lord thy God giveth thee, and +thou hast taken possession of it, and dwellest +therein, and thou sayest, I wish to set a king +over me, like all the nations that are round +about me : + +15 Then mayest thou indeed set a king +over thee, the one whom the Lord thy God +will choose; (but) from the midst of thy +brethren shalt thou set a king over thee; +thou mayest not set over thee a stranger, who +is not thy brother. + +16 Only he shall not acquire for himself +many horses, so that he may not cause the +people to return to Egypt,'' in order to acquire +many horses; whereas the Lord hath said +unto you. Ye shall henceforth not return on +that way any more. + +17 Neither shall he take to himself many +wives, that his heart may not turn away; nor +shall he acquire for himself too much silver +and gold. + +18 And it shall be. when'' he sitteth upon +the throne of his kingdom, that he shall wiite +for himself a copy of this law in a book out +of (that which is) before the priests, the Le- +vi tes ; + +19 And it shall be with him, and he shall +read therein all the days of his life: in order +that he may learn to fear the Lord his God, +to keep all the words of this law and these +statutes, to do them. + +20 So that his heart- be not lifted up above +his brethren, and so that he turn not aside +from the commandment, to the right, or to + +" Egypt being the country which procluccd the best +horses. + +'' "At the commencement of his reign." — Aben Ezra. + +° Tradition fixes a sixtieth portion, and with a posses- +sion of not less than five sheep. + +'' This version of the English Bible is nearly in accord- +ance with Aben Ezra. Mendelssohn renders, " Besides his +income of his property at home which he may sell." Arn- +heim, however, refers this part of the verse back to verse + +2E + + +the left: in order that he may live many +days in his kingdom, he, and his children, in +the midst of Israel.* + +CHAPTER XVIII. + +1 T[ The priests, the Levites, and all the +tribe of Levi, shall have no portion nor in- +heritance with Israel : the fire-offerings of the +Lord, and his inheritance shall they consume. + +2 But any inheritance shall he not have +among his brethren: the Lord is his inherit- +ance, as he hath sjwken unto him. + +3 ^ And this shall be the priests' due from +the people, from them that slay an animal, +whether it be ox or lamb: then shall each +one give unto the priest the shoidder, and the +two cheeks, and the maw. + +4 The first-fruit of thy corn, of thy wine, +and of thy oil, and the first shearing" of thy +sheep, slialt thou give him. + +5 For him the Lord thy God hath chosen +out of all thy tribes, to stand to minister in +the name of the Lord, he and his sons all the +days.* + +6 ^ And if the Levite come from any one +of thy gates out of all Israel, where he so- +journeth, and come with all the longing of +his soul inito the jjlace which the Lord will +choose : + +7 Then can he minister in the name of the +Lord his God, like all his brethren the Le- +vites, who stand there before the Lord. + +8 They shall have like portions to eat, be- +sides that which cometh of the sale'' of his +patrimony. + +9 ^ When thou comest into the land which +the Lord thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not +learn to do after the abominations of those +nations. + +10 There shall not be found among thee +any one who causeth his son or his daughter +to pass through the fire, one who useth di\'i- +nation, one who is an observer of times, or an +enchanter, or a conjurer, + +11 Or a charmer, or a consulter with fa- + +1 : — The priests, the Levites, &e., shall have no property, +"except the assigned portions (see Lev. xxv. -34) which +shall remain in the family divisions;" taking i^r^-^ in the +light of "assigned portion," and ni^NH as nnND 'n3 +"family divisions," and understanding rrr before S;'. +Compare with Num. xxxvi. 12. This construction is in- +genious, but certainly too improbable, Rashi refers this +section to the priests, who are also called Levites, as they +are the only ones entitled to take part in the sacrifices. + +233 + + +DEUTERONOMY XVIII. XIX. SHOPHETIM. + + +miliar spirits, or a wizard, or who iuquireth +of the dead. + +12 For an abomination unto the Lord are +all that do these things; and on account of +these abominations the Lord thy God doth +drive them out from before thee. + +13 Perfect shalt thou be with the Lord +thy God.* + +14 For these nations, which thou art about +to dispossess, hearken unto observers of times, +and unto diviners; but as for thee, the Lord +thy God hath not assigned the like unto thee. + +15 A prophet from the midst of thee, of +thy brethren, like unto me, will the Lord thy +God raise up unto thee; unto him shall ye +hearken : + +16 According to all that thou didst desire +of the Lord thy God at Horeb on the day of +the assembly, saying, I wish no more to hear +the voice of the Lord my God, and this great +fire I wish not to see again, that I die not. + +17 And the Lord said unto me, They have +done well in wliat they have spoken. + +18 A prophet will I raise up unto them +from among their brethren, like unto thee; +and I will put my words in his mouth ; and +he shall speak unto them all that I may com- +mand him. + +19 And it shall come to pass, that if there +be a man Avho will not hearken unto my +words which he shall speak in my name, I +myself will require it of him. + +20 But the prophet, who may presume to +speak a word in my name, which I have not +commanded liim to speak, or who may speak +in the name of other gods — even that prophet +shall die. + +21 And if thou shouldst say in thy heart, +How shall we know the word which the Lord +hath not spoken ? + +22 That which the prophet speaketh in +the name of the Lord, and the thing do not j +happen and come not to pass — this is the word j +which the Lord hath not sjjoken; in pre-! +sumption hath the prophet spoken it; thou| +shalt not be afraid of him. I + +CHAPTER XIX. j + +1 *i\ When the Lord thy God shall havei +cut off the nations, whose land the Lord thy +God giveth thee, and thou hast driven them +out, and dwellest in their cities, and in their +houses : + +■18i + + +2 Then shalt thou set apart three cities for +thyself, in the midst of thy land, which the +Lord thy God giveth thee to j^ossess it. + +3 Thou shalt pat in order" for thyself the +(way to them), and divide into three parts the +territory of thy land, which the Lord thy God +will give thee to inherit, and it shall serve, +that every man-slayer may flee tliither. + +4 And this is tiae case of the man-slayer, +who shall flee thither, that he may live: +Whoso smiteth his neighbour without know- +ledge, when he hath not been an enemy to +him in time past; + +5 And he that goeth into the forest with +his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand +fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down +the tree, and the iron slippeth from the helve, +and striketh his neighbour, that he die : this +one shall flee unto one of these cities, and +live; + +6 That the avenger of the blood pursue not +the man-slayer, while his heart is hot, and +overtake him, because the way is long, and +smite him dead; whereas he deserveth not a +judgment of death, inasmuch as he was not +an enemy to him in time past. + +7 Therefore do I command thee, saying, +Three cities shalt thou set apart for tliyself. + +8 And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy +boundary, as he hath sworn unto thy lathers, +and give thee all the land which he hath +spoken to give unto thy fathers ; + +9 Because tliou dost keep all this com- +mandment to do it, which I command thee +this day, to love the Lord thy God, and to +walk in his ways all the days : then shalt thou +add for thyself thi'ee cities more, unto these +three ; + +10 That innocent blood be not shed in the +midst of thy land, which the Lord thy God +giveth thee for an inheritance, and blood- +guiltiness be brought upon thee. + +11 ][ But if any man be an enemy to his +neighbour, and he lie in wait for him, and +rise up against him, and smite him mortally so +that he die, and he flee unto one of these cities: + +12 Then shall the elders of his city send +and fetch him thence, and they shall deliver +him into the hand of the avenger of the +blood, that he may die. + +' The road was to be made level, and guide-postg put +up, so th:it the murderer might not be detained needlessly + + +DEUTERONOMY XIX. XX. SOPHETIM + + +13 Thy eye shall not look with pity on +him; but thou shalt put away the (shedding +of) innocent blood from Israel, that it may +go well with thee.''' + +14 *[] Thou shalt not remove the landmark +of thy neighbour, which they of old time have +set, in thy inheritance which thou shalt in- +herit, in the land that the Lord thy God giv- +eth thee to possess it. + +15 ^ There shall not rise up one single +witness against a man for any iniquity, or for +any sin, in any sin that he sinneth : upon the +evidence of two witnesses, or upon the evi- +dence of three witnesses, must a case be es- +tablished. + +16 If a witness of violence rise up against +any man to testify against him for any +wrong : + +17 Then shall both the men, who have the +controversy, stand before the Lord, before +the priests and the judges, who shall be in +those days; + +18 And the judges shall inquire diligently; +and, behold, if the witness be a folse witness, +he hath testified a falsehood against his bro- +ther : + +19 Then shall ye do unto him, as he had +purposed to do unto his brother; and thou +shalt put away the evil from the midst of +thee. + +20 And those who remain shall liear, and +be afraid, and shall henceforth commit no +more any such evil thing in the midst of thee. + +21 And thy eye shall have no pity; but +life (shall go) for life, eye for eye, tooth for +tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. + +CHAPTER XX. + +1 ^ When thou goest out to battle against +thy enemies, and thou seest horse, and chariot, +people more in number than thou: be not +afraid of them ; for the Lord thy God is with +thee, who bi'ought thee up out of tlie land of +Egypt. + +2 And it shall be, when ye come nigh unto +the battle, that the priest shall approach and +speak unto the people; + +3 And he shall say unto them. Hear, 0 + + +' I. e. Inhabiting it for the first time ; the first use of a +thing is called " consecration." No doubt, however, that +religious ceremonies were not omitted on such occasions, +as we owe to it the thirtieth Psalm of David. + +'' At the fourth year from the planting. + + +Israel, ye come nigh this day unto the battle +against your enemies: let not your hearts +faint, fear not, and be not downcast, and do +not tremble because of them; + +4 For the Lord your. God it is who goeth +with you, to fight for you against your ene- +mies, to help you. + +5 And the officers shall speak unto the +people, saying. What man is there who hath +built a new house, and hatli not dedicated" +it ? let him go and return unto his house, +lest he die in the battle, and another man +dedicate it. + +6 And what man is there who hath planted +a vineyard, and hath not redeemed'' it? let +him go and return unto his house, lest he die +in the battle, and another man redeem it. + +7 And what man is there that hath be- +trothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him +go and return unto his house, lest he die in +the battle, and another man take her. + +8 And the officers shall speak yet farther +unto the people, and they shall say. What +man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted ? +let him go and return unto his house, that the +heart of his brethren become not as faint as +his heart. + +9 And it shall be, when the officers have +made an end of speaking unto the people, +that they shall appoint captains of the armies +at the head of the people.*^* + +10 ][ When thou comest nigh mi to a city +to make war against it, then summon it with +words of peace. + +11 And it shall be, if it make thee an an- +swer of peace, and open (its gates) unto thee : +then shall it be, that all the people that are +found therein shall be tril^utaries unto thee, +and they shall serve thee. + +12 But if it will not make peace with thee, +and wageth war against thee; then shalt thou +besiege it; + +13 And when the Lord thy God hath de- +livered it into thy hands, thou shalt^ smite +every male thereof with the edge of the +sword ; + +14 But the women, and the little ones, and +the cattle, and all that may be in the city, all + + +" Mendelssohn renders this, " Then shall some chiefs +commence the mustering at the head of the people." + +^ It would appear from the general idea, that "shalt" +is not a command, but a mere permission, yet prohibiting +the molestation of the women and children. + +236 + + +DEUTERONOMY XX. XXI. KI TETZAY. + + +the spoil thereof, shalt thou take as booty +unto thyself; and thou shalt enjoy the spoil +of thy enemies, which the Lord thy God hath +given thee. + +15 Thus shalt th6u do unto all the cities +which are very far off from thee, which are +not of the cities of these nations. + +16 But of the cities of these people, which +the Lord thy God doth give thee for an in- +heritance, shalt thou not let live a single soul. + +17 But thou shalt utterly devote them ; +namely, the Hittites, and the Emorites, the +Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, +and the Jebusites ; as the Lord thy God hath +commanded thee; + +18 In order that they may not teach you +to do in accordance with all their abomina- +tions, which they have done unto their gods; +and ye would thus sin against the Lord your +God.' + +19 ][ When thou besiegest a city a long +time, to make war against it to capture it, +thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by +forcing an axe against them ; for of them thou +mayest eat, and thou shalt not cut them +down, (for man liveth of the trees" of the +field,) to employ them in thy siege ; + +20 Only those trees of which thou knowest +that they are not fruit-trees, thou mayest de- +stroy and cut down ; and (thus) thou can*;t +build bulwarks against the city that wageth +war with thee, until it be subdued. + +CHAPTER XXI. + +1 ^ If there be found a slain person in the +land which the Lord thy God giveth thee to +possess it, lying in the field, (and) it be not +known wlio hath slain him : + +2 Then shall thy elders and thy judges go +forth, and they shall measure unto the cities +which are round about the one that is slain. + +?i And it sliall be, that the city which is +the U'-arest unto the slain person, even the +elders of that city shall take a heifer, which +hath not been wrought with, which hath not +drawn in a yoke; + +' Onkoloa, Raslii, and Meuilelssnhn render, "Is then the +tree of tlie field like man, that thou shouldst put it in a +state of siege'/"' And Hashi adds, " Why wouldst tlio-j +destiny it'/"' Tint English version has been fidlowed in +our text, and it agrees with Aben K/,ra, Arnheiin, and the +pnininentator to Mendelssohn's translation. The last +clause may m'.d: "tv put (the eity) in siege before thee." +•J30 + + +4 And the elders of that city shall bring +down the heifer unto a rough*" valley, which +is neither tilled nor sown, and they shall +break there the neck of the heifer in the valley ; + +5 And the priests the sons of Levi shall +come near ; for them the Lord thy God hath +chosen to minister unto him, and to bless in +the name of the Lord; and after their decision +shall be done (at) every controversy and +every injury; + +6 And all the elders of that city who are +nearest unto the .slain person shall wash their +hands over the heifer, the neck of which is +broken in the valley.* + +7 And they shall commence and say. Our +hands have not shed this blood, and our eyes +have not seen it. + +8 Grant pardon unto thy people Israel, +whom thou hast redeemed, O Lord, and lay +not innocent blood in the midst of thy people +Israel: and the blood shall Ije forgiven unto +them. + +9 And thou shalt put away the (guilt of) +the innocent blood" from the midst of thee, +when thou wilt do what is right in the eyes +of the Lord. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah li. 12 to Hi. 12. + + +SECTION XLIX. KI TETZAY, NVH O. + +10 ^ When thou goest forth to war against +thy enemies, and the Lord thy God delivereth +them into thy hands, and thou takest cajatives +of them ; + +11 And thou seest among the captives a +woman of handsome form, and hast a desire +unto lier, that thou wouldst take her to thee +for wife : + +12 Then shalt thou bring her home to thy +house; and she shall shave her head, and let +grow" her nails; + +13 And she shall put off the raiment of +her captivity from her, and she shall remain +in thy house, and weep for her father and +her mother a full month ; and after that thou + +"■ Philippson, after Rambam, "rapid stream," which +does not dry up in the summer, and the bed of which can +therefore never be ploughed. + +" "If the murderer be caught after this and convicted +heis todie, notwithstanding this ceremony." — KETUBfiTH +fol. .37. + +* Others, "shall out off." + + +DEUTERONOMY XXI. XXII. KI TETZAY. + + +mayest go in unto her. and be her husband, +that she may become thy wife. + +14 And it shall be, if thou have no delight +in her, then shalt thou let her go whither she +will ; but thou shalt nowise sell her for money : +thou shalt not make a servant of her, because +thou hast humbled her. + +15 ^ If a man have two wives, one beloved, +and the other hated, and they bear him chil- +dren, both the beloved and the hated ; so that +the first-born son lie hers that is hated : + +16 Then shall it be, when he divideth as +inheritance among his sons what he hath, +that he shall not institute the son of the be- +loved as the first-born before" the son of the +hated, the tirst^born; + +17 But the first-born, the son of the hated +woman, shall he acknowledge, to gi^'e him a +double portion of all that is found in his pos- +session ; for he is the beginning of his strength ; +to him belongeth the right of the first birth. + +18 ^ If a man have a stubborn and rebel- +lious son, who hearkeneth not to the voice of +his father, or the voice of his mother, and +they chastise him, and he will not hearken +unto them : + +19 Then shall his father and his mother lay +hold on him, and bring him out unto the eld- +ers of his city, and unto the gate of his place ; + +20 And they shall say unto the elders of +his city. This our son is stubborn and rebel- +Uous, he will not hearken to our voice ; he is +a glutton, and a drunkard. + +21 And all the men of his city shall stone +him with stones, that he die; and thou shalt +put away the evil from the midst of thee; and +all Israel shall hear, and be afraid.* + +22 Tl And if a man have committed, a sin +for which there is a punishment of death, and +he be to be put to death, and thou hang him +on a tree : + +23 Then shall his body not remain all night +on the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him on +that day ; (for he that is hanged is a dishonour +of God;) and thou shalt nut defile thy land, +which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an +inheritance. + +CHAPTER XXII. + +1 \\ Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox oi + + +* "In the lifetime of," &c. — Arnheim. +' Since such a practice might easily lead to lewdness +aud thus demoralize the people. + + +his lamb go astray, and withdraw thyself +i from them : thou shalt surely bring them back +again unto thy brother. + +2 But if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, +or thou know him not: then shalt thou take +it unto thy own house, and it shall remain +with thee until thy brother inquire after it, +and then shalt thou restore it to him. + +3 In like manner shalt thou do with his +ass; and in like manner shalt thou do with +his raiment; and in like manner shalt thou +do with every lost thingof thy brother's, which +may have been lost to him, and which thou +hast found : thou art not at liberty to with- +draw tliyself + +4 ^ Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass +or his ox fallen down by the way, and with- +draw thyself from them: thou shalt surely +help him to lift them up again. + +5 T[ A woman shall not have upon her the +apparel of a man, and a man shall not put on +a woman's garment; for an abomination unto +the Lord thy God are all who do this.'' + +6 ][ If a bird's nest chance to be before +thee in the way, on any tree, or on tlie +ground, wath young ones, or with eggs, and +the mother be sitting upon the young, or upon +the eggs : thou shalt not take the mother with +the young; + +7 But thou shalt surely let the mother go, +and the young thou mayest take to thyself; +in order that it may be well with thee, and +that thou mayest live many days.* + +8 ^ When thou bulkiest a new house, thou +shalt make a battlement for thy roof; that +thou liring not blood upon thy house, if any +one were to fall from there." + +9 Thou shalt not sow thy vinej-ard with +divers seeds; that the ripe fruit of thy seed +which thou hast sown, and the fruit of the +vineyard, be not defiled. + +10 ^ Thou shalt not plough with an ox +and an ass together. + +11 Thou shalt not wear a garment of +divers sorts, of woollen and linen together. + +12 Tl Thou shalt make thyself fringes upon +the four corners of th}' vesture, wherewith +thou coverest thyself. + +13 ]| If any man take a w^ife, and go in +unto her, and hate her. + + +° We are here prohibited from being the cause througb +want of foresight, or culpable neglect, that any injury +whatever should happen to our fellow-meu. + +287 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXII. XXIII. KI TETZAY. + + +14 And he lay an accusation against her, +and spread abroad an evil name upon her, +and say, This woman I took (for wife), and +when I came near to her, I found no tokens +of virginity in her : + +15 Then shall the father of the damsel, +and her mother, take and bring forth the +tokens of the damsel's virginity unto the +elders of tlie city, to the gate. + +16 And the father of the damsel shall say +unto the elders, My daughter I gave unto +this man for wife; but he hath conceived +hatred toward her; + +17 And, lo, he hath laid an accusation +(against her), saying, I have found no tokens +of virginity in thy daughter; and yet these +are the tokens of my daughter's virginity: +and they shall spread the cloth before the +elders of the city. + +18 And the elders of that city shall take +that man and chastise him; + +19 And they shall amerce him in a hun- +dred shekels of silver, and give them unto the +father of the damsel ; because he hath spread +abroad an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: +and she shall remain his wife; he shall not +be at liberty to put her away all his days. + +20 ][ But if this thing was true, there have +not been found tokens of virginity in the +damsel : + +21 Then shall they lead out the damsel to +the door of her fother's house," and the men +of her city shall stone her with stones that +she die ; because she hath wrought a disgrace- +ful deed in Israel, to commit incest in her +father's house; and thou shalt put away the +evil from tlie midst of thee. + +22 Tl If a man be found lyhig with a wo- +man married to a husband: then shall both +of them die, the man that lieth with the wo- +man, and the woman; and thou shalt put +away the evil from Israel. + +23 ^ If a damsel that is a virgin be be- +trothed unto a man, and a man find her in +the city, and lie with her: + +24 Then shall ye lead them both out unto +the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them +with stones that they die; the damsel, because +she cried not (for aid) in the city; and the + + +' The housft wliicli she luia disgraced by her lewdness +shall be the scene (if her punishmeut; so as to strike ad- +ditional terror in others, that the sanctity of the people of +(jrod miglif, be preserved inviolate. +238 + + +man, because he hath done violence to his +neighbour's wife; and thou shalt put away the +evil from the midst of thee. + +25 T[ But if in the field the man should +find the betrothed damsel, and the man take +hold of her by force, and lie with her : then +shall the man that lay with her die alone; + +26 But unto the damsel shalt thou not do +any thing; there is in the damsel no sin +worthy of death; for as when a man riseth +against his neighbour, and striketh him dead, +even so is this matter; + +27 For in the field did he find her; had +the betrothed damsel even cried,"* there would +have been none to aid her. + +28 T[ If a man find a damsel that is a vir- +gin, who is not betrothed, and lay fast hold +on her, and he with her, and they be found : + +29 Then shall the man who lieth with her +give unto the father of the damsel fifty +shekels of silver; and she shall become his +wife, because he hath done violence to her, +he shall not be at liberty to put her away all +his days. + +CHAPTER XXIII. + +1° ^ A man shall not take his father's wife, +and he shall not uncover his father's skirt. + +2 ^ He that is wounded in the testicles, or +hath his privy member cut, shall not enter +into the congregation of the Lord. + +3 ^ One born from prohibited connections +shall not enter into the congregation of the +Lord; even the tenth generation of him shall +not enter into the congregation of the Lord. + +4 ^ An 'Ammonite and a Moabite shall +not enter into the congregation of the Lord; +even the tenth generation of them shall not +enter into the congregation of the Lord, for +ever ; + +5 For the reason, that they met you not +with bread and with water on the way, when +ye came forth out of Egypt; and because he'' +hired against thee Bil'am the son of Beor of +Pethor in Mesopotamia, to curse thee; + +6 But the Lord thy God would not hearken +unto BiFam ; and the Lord thy God changed +unto thee the curse into a blessing, because +the Lord thy God loved thee. + +*■ Others : " The betrothed damsel did cry out, but thei'fi +was none to aid her." + +° Tlie English version commences chap, sxiii. at verse 2 +■» The king of Moiib. + + +DEUTERONOMY XXIII. XXIV. KI TETZAY. + + +7 Thou phalt not seek their peace and' +their welfare all thy clays, for ever.* + +8 T[ Thou shalt not abhor" an Edomite ; +for he is thy brother : thou shalt not abhor +an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger +iu his land. + +9 The children that are born unto them in +the third generation, may enter of them +into the congregation of the Lord. + +10 Tl When thou goest forth into camp +against thy enemies, then keep thyself from +every evil thing. + +11 If there be among thee any man, that +is not clean by reason of an occurrence by +night ; then shall he go abroad to without the +camp, he shall not come within the camp; + +12 But it shall be, that toward evening +he shall bathe himself in water; and when +the sun goeth down, he may come into the +midst of the camp. + +13 And a place shalt thou have without +the camp, whither thou shalt go forth abroad : + +14 And a spade shalt thou have with thy +weapons; and it shall be, when thou sittest +abroad, that thou shalt digtherewith. andslialt +afterward cover that which cometh from thee; + +15 For the Lord thy God walketh in the +midst of thy camp, to deliver thee and to +give up thy enemies before thee ; therefore +shall thy camp be holy ; that he see no un- +seemly thing in thee, and turn away from +thee. + +16 ^ Thou shalt not deliver unto his mas- +ter the servant Avho may escape unto thee +from his master; + +17 With thee shall he dwell, in the midst +of thee, in the place which he may choose in +any one of thy gates, where it seemeth best +to him: thou shalt not oppress him. + +18 ^ There shall not be a prostitute of the +daughters of Israel, and there shall not be a +sodomite of the sons of Israel. + +19 Thou shalt not bring the hire of a har- +lot, or the price of a dog, into the house of +the Lord thy God for any vow; for both of +these are equally an abomination unto the +Lord thy God. + + +That is, we are not to refuse admission to the tliird +generation of the Edomite and Egyptian proselyte from +lutermarrying with descendants of Israel; as a probation +ot this length of time shall qualify them for a commixing +with the chosen people. + + +20 T[ Thou shalt not take interest from +thy brother, interest of money, interest of +victuals, interest of any thing that is lent upon +interest : + +21 From an alien thou mayest take inte- +rest; but from thy brother thou shalt not take +interest; in order that the Lord thy God may +bless thee in all tlie acquisition of thy hand, +in the land whither thou goest to possess it. + +22 ^ When thou makest a vow unto the +Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it; +for the Lord thy God will surely require it of +thee; and it would be sin in thee. + +23 But if thou forbear to vow, it shall be +no sin in thee. • + +21 What is gone out of thy lips shalt thou +keep and perform, as thou hast vowed unto +the L(tRD thy God voluntarily, as thou hast +spoken with thy mouth.* + +25 ^ When thou comest into thy neigh- +bours vineyai'd, thou mayest eat grapes at +thy own pleasure, till thou have enough; but +into thy vessel shalt thou not put any. + +26 ^ When thou comest into the standing +corn of thy neighbour, thou mayest pluck +ears with thy hand; but a sickle shalt thou +not move over thy neighbours standing corn. + +CHAPTER XXIV. + +1 ^ When a man hath taken a wife, and +married her, and it come to pass, that if she +find no favour in his eyes, because he hath +found some scandalous thing in her, he may +write her a Ijill of divorcement, and give it in +her hand, and sent her away out of his house ; + +2 And she shall depart out of his house ; +and if she go and become another man's wife; + +3 And the latter husband hate her. and +write her a bill of divoi'cement, and give it iu +her hand, and send her away out of his lunise; +or if the latter husband, who took her as his +wife, should die i*" + +4 Then shall her former husband, who had +sent her away, not be at liberty to take her +again to be his wife, after she hath been de- +filed; for it is abomination before the Lord; +and thou shalt not bring sin upon the land. + + +The connection of this passage has been given after li shall," &c + + +Arnheim. Blendelssohn, however, who here terminates +the first portion of the sentence, makes the whole from +verse 1 a continued condition, thus: "And he write +a bill — give it — and if she depart — and go and be- +come— and the latter husband hate her, &c. : then + + +239 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXIV. XXV. KI TETZAY. + + +which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an +inheritance.* + +5 % When a man hath taken a new wife, he +shall not go out to war, neither shall lie be +charged with any public business : he shall be +free for his house one year, and shall cheer +up his wife whom he hath taken. + +6 No man shall take to ])k'dge the nether +or the upper mill-stone ; for lie taketli a man's +life to i^ledge. + +7 Tf If a man be found stealing any one of +his brethren of the children of Israel, and he +treateth' him as a slave, and selleth liini : then +shall that thief die ; and thou shalt put the +evil away from the midst of- thee. + +8 ^ Take heed in the plague of leprosy, to +observe diligently, and to do according to all +that the priests, the Levites, may instruct +you;" as I have commanded them, so shall ye +observe to do. + +9 Remember what the Lord thy God did +untt) Miriam on the journey, at your coming +forth out of Egypt. + +10 T[ When thou dost lend thy brother any +thing as a loan, thou shalt not go into his +house to take his pledge. + +11 In the street shalt thou stand, and the +man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out +unto thee the pledge into the street. + +12 And if he be a poor man, thou shalt not +lie down with his pledge : + +13 Thou shalt punctually deliver him the +pledge again when the sun goeth down, that +he may lie under his own cover,'' and bless +thee ; and unto thee shall it be as righteous- +ness before the Lord thy God.* + +14 ][ Thou shalt not withhold the wages of +a hired man, of the poor and needy, (whether +he be) of thy brethren, or of thy strangers'' +that are in thy land within thy gfites : + +15 On the same day shalt thou give him +his wages, that the sun may not go down +upon it ; for he is poor, and his soul longeth"' +for it; so that he may not cry against thee +unto the Lord, and it be sin in thee.' + +IG ^[ Fathers shall not be put to death for +the children, neither shall children be put + + +* " He is not guilty of death, unless he have made him +labour as a slave." — Kasih. + +■■ " If he be uven a king as 'Uzziah, (hey must nut +honour him; hut he must bo locked up outside the camp, +;ind dwell solitarily, .as the priests may instruct." — After +Rash BAM. +240 + + +to death for the fathers : for his own sin shall +every man be put to death. + +17 *[[ Thou shalt not pervert the cause of +the stranger, or of the fatherless; and thou +shalt not take in pledge the raiment of a +Avidow ; + +18 But thou shalt remember that thou +wast a bond-man in Egypt, and that the Lord +thy God redeemed thee thence; therefore do +I command thee to do this tiling. + +19 ^ When thou cuttest down thy harvest +in thy field, and forgettest a sheaf in the field, +thou shalt not go back to fetch it; for the +stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow +shall it be; in order that the Lord thy God +may bless thee in all the work of thy hands. + +20 ]| When thou beatest thy olive-tree, +thou shalt not go over the boughs again ; for +the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the +Avidow shall it be. + +21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy +vineyard, thou shalt not glean the small fruit +afterward ; for the stranger, lor the fatherless, +and for the wddow shall it be. + +22 And thou shalt remember that thou +wast a bond-man in the land of Egypt; there- +fore do I command thee to do this thing. + +CHAPTER XXV. + +1 ^ If there be a controversy between +men, and they come nigh unto a court of jus- +tice, and they judge them; and they justify +the righteous, and condemn the wicked : + +2 Then shall it be, if the guilty man de- +serve to be lieaten, that the judge shall cause +him to lie down, and to be beaten before his +face, according to the degree of his fault, by a +(certain) number. + +3 Forty stripes may he give him, not +more ; so that he shall not exceed to have him +beaten above these, with too many stripes, +and thy brother be thus rendered vile before +thy eyes. + +4 Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he +thresheth out the corn. + +5 T[ If brothers dwell together, and one of +them die, and have no child : then shall the + + +° Heb. "In his raiment." + +" Lit. " Stranger." + +" Heb. " And to it he beareth his soul." + +' Those who are the weakest are the special favourites +of God, and we are therefore the more bound to regard +their wants + + +DEUTERONOMY XXV. XXVI. KI TAHBO. + + +w'lk of the dead not be married abroad, unto +a stranger; her husband's brother shall go in +unto her, and take her to himself for wife, +and perform the duty of a husband's brother +unto her. + +6 And it shall be, that the first-born whom +she may bear shall succeed in the name of his +brother who is dead ; so that his name be not +blotted out of Israel. + +7 And if the man have no desire to take +his sister-in-law : then shall his sister-in-law go +up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My +husband's brother refuseth to raise up unto +his brother a name in Israel, he will not +perform on me the duty of a husband's bro- +ther. + +8 Then shall the eldei's of his city call him, +and speak unto him; and if he persist,* and +say, I have no desire to take her : + +9 Then shall his sister-in-;law come nigh +unto him in the presence of the elders, and +pull his shoe from off his foot, and spit out +before him, and shall commence and say. +Thus shall be done unto that man that will +not build up his brother's house. + +10 And liis name shall be called in Israel, +The house of the barefooted.'' + +11 ]| When men strive together one with +the other, and the wife of the one draweth +Ucor to deliver her husband out of the hand +of him that smiteth him, and putteth forth +bt:r hand, and taketh him by the secrets : + +12 Then shalt thou cut off her hand," thy +eye shall not have pity. + +13 ]y Thou shalt not have in thy bag divers +weights, a great and a small. + +14 Thou shalt nof have m thy house +divers measures, a great and a small. + +lo A perfect and just weight shalt thou +have, a pei'fect and just measure shalt thou +have ; in order that thy days may be })rolonged +in the land which the Lord thy God giveth +thee; + +16 For an abomination of the Lord thy +God is every one that doth such things, every +me that acteth unrighteously.''' + +17 Tl Remember what 'Amalek did unto + +' Heb. " And he standeth," i. e. fixed in his mind. + +'' Ileb. "Of the one whose shoe was pulled off." + +" This is explained, that she is to pay the damages +for the insult offered : " Thy eye," &c., even if she be +uoor. + +' Another injunction against overreaching; not even to +2F + + +thee, by the way, at your coming forth out of + +Egypt; + +18 How he met thee by the way, and +smote the hindmost of thee, all that were +feeble behind thee, when thou was faint and +weary; and he feared not God. + +19 And it shall come to pass, when the +Lord thy God giveth thee rest from all thy +enemies round about, iia the land which the +Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance +to possess it, that thou shalt blot out the re- +membrance of 'Amalek from under the hea- +vens: thou shalt not forget. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah liv. 1 to 10. + + +SECTION L. KI TAHBO, N3n O. + +CHAPTER XXVI. + +1 T[ And it shall come to pass, when thou +art come in unto the land which the Lord +thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and +thou hast taken possesf^ion of it, and dwellest +therein : + +2 That thou shalt take of the first of all the +fruit of the soil, which thou shalt bring in +from thy land which the Lord thy God giveth +thee, and shalt put it in a basket; and thou +shalt go unto the place which the Lord +thy God will choose to let his name dwell +there. + +3 And thou shalt come unto the priest +that may be in those days, and thou shalt say +unto him, I give thanks this day unto the +Lord thy God, that I am come into the land +which the Lord swore unto our fathers to give +to us. + +4 And the priest shall take the basket out +of thy hand, and set it down before the altar +of the Lord thy God. + +5 And thou shalt commence and say before +the Lord thy God, A Syrian, wandering" +about, was my father, and he went down into +Egypt, and sojourned there with a fannly few +in number, and he became there a nation, +great, mighty, and numerous. + +keep any article in the house which might by chance be +unlawfully employed, can be allowed. + +° I. e. Abraham or Jacob, both of whom were residents +of Syria, and moving from place to place with their cattle; +but Onkelos and Rashi give : " A Syrian (Laban) wished +to destroy my father (Jacob)." + + +DEUTERONOMY XXVI. XXVII. KI TAHBO. + + +6 And the Egyptians treated us ill, and +afflicted us, and laid upon us hard labour; + +7 And then we cried unto the Eternal, +the God of our fathers ; and the Lord heard +our voice, and looked on our affliction, and +our trouble, and our oppression ; + +8 And the Lord l^rought us forth out of +Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an out- +stretched arm, and with great terror, and with +signs, and with wonders ; + +9 And he brought us unto this place, and +gave unto us this land, a land flowing with +milk ^nnd honey. + +10 And now, behold, I have brought the +first of the fruits of the soil, which thou hast +giveu me, 0 Lord; and thou shalt set it down +be,\n-e the Lord thy God, and prostrate thy- +self before the Lord thy God; + +11 And thou shalt rejoice with every good +thing which the Lord thy God hath given +unto thee, and unto thy liouse, thou, with the +Levite, and the stranger that is in the midst +of thee.* + +12 ^ When thou hast made an end of +giving away all the tithe of thy produce in +the third year, the year of the tithing," and +hast given it unto the Levite, to the stranger, +to the fatherless, and to the widow, and'' they +have eaten it within thy gates, and are satis- +fied: + +13- Then shalt thou say before the Lord +thy God, I have removed away the hallowed +things out of the house, and I have also given +tSieiu unto tlie Levite, and unto the stranger, +to tlie fatherless, and to the widow, according +to all thy commandment which thou hast +commanded me ; I have not deviated from thy +commandments, and I have not forgotten ; + +14 I have not eaten thereof in my mourn- +ing, neither have I removed away aught +thereof in an unclean state, nor have I given +aught thereof for the dead ; I have hearkened +to the voice of the Lord my God, I have done +all, just as thou hast commanded me. + +" In the firet two years a tithe was set aside to be eaten +at .Jerusalem ; iu the third it was given to the poor. + +'' "That they may eat," &c. — Arniieim and English +version. + +" "II'DSni niONn " There is no phrase in Scripture by +which the correct meaning of tliese words could be ascer- +tained; but to mc it app('»ts that they convey the idea of +separation and setting aside; thou hast separated him from +f'or(Mgn gods to be to thee as God, and he has separated +thee from the nations of the earth to be to him as a pecu- +242 + + +15 Look down from the habitation of thy +holiness, from the heavens, and bless thy jjeo- +ple Israel, and the soil which thou hast given +unto us, as thou hast sworn unto our fathers, +a land flowing with milk and honey.'^' + +16 T[ This day the Lord thy God com- +mandeth thee to do these statutes and ordi- +nances ; and thou shalt keep and do them with +all thy heart, and with all thy soul. + +17 Thou hast this day acknowledged'' the +Lord, that he is thy God, and that thou wilt +walk in his ways, and keep his statutes, and +his commandments, and his ordinances, and +hearken unto his voice; + +18 And the Lord hath acknowledged thee +this day, that thou art unto him a peculiar +people, as he hath spoken unto thee, and that +thou shouldst keep all his commaudments; + +19 So that he may set thee highest above +all nations that he hath made, in praise, and +in name, and in honour; and that thou may- +est be a holy people unto the Lord thy God, +as he hath spoken.* + +CHAPTER XXVII. + +1 ^ And Moses with the elders of Israel com- +manded the people, saying, Keep the whole +commandment which I command you his day. + +2 And it shall be on the day when ye pass +over the Jordan unto the land which the Lord +thy God giveth thee, that thou shalt set up for +thj-self great stones, and cover them with +plaster ; + +3 And thou shalt write upon them all the +words of this law, so soon as thou art passed +over; in order that thou mayest go in unto +the land which the Lord thy God giveth +thee, a land flowing with milk and honey; as +the Lord, the God of thy fathers, hath spoken +unto thee. + +4 And it shall be so soon as ye are gone over +the Jordan, that ye shall set up these stones, +which I command you this day, on mount +'Ebal; and thou shalt cover them with plaster. + + +liar people." — Rashi. Arnheim simply gives them with +"declared openly," " undisguisedly," "acknowledged," as +in the text. Mendelssohn translates with "given occa- +sion;" thus, "Thou hast given this day occasion unto the +LoKD (to make a covenant with thee) to be unto thee a +God," &c. Philippson after Aben Ezra, Rashbam, &c., +simply, " Thou lettcst it be told unto the Lord," and +" The Lord letteth it be told unto thee," as the causative +from "TON "to say," or "cause something to be told, said, +or answered." But the sense in each case is the same. + + +DEUTERONOMY XXVII. XXVIII. KI TAHBO. + + +5 And thou shalt build there an altar unto +the Lord thy God, an altar of stones: thou +shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them. + +6 Of whole stones shalt thou build the altar +of the Lord thy God; and thou shalt offer +thereupon burnt-offerings unto the Lord thy +God; + +7 And thou shalt slay peace-offerings, and +eat (them) there; and thou shalt rejoice be- +fore the Lord thy God. + +8 And thou shalt write upon the stones all +the words of this law, very plainly. + +• 9 T[ And Moses with the priests, the Le- +\ites, spoke unto all Israel, saying. Be atten- +tive, and hearken, 0 Israel ! this day art thou +become a people unto the Lord thy God. + +10 Thou shalt therefore hearken to the +voice of the Lord thy God, and do his com- +mandments and his statutes, which I com- +mand thee this day.* + +11 Tl And Moses commanded the people +on the same day, saying, + +12 These shall stand upon mount Gerizzim +to bless* the people, when ye are come over +the Jordan: Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, +and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin. + +13 And these shall stand for tlie sake of +the curse upon mount 'Ebal : Reuben, Gad, +and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. + +14 And the Levites shall commence, and +say unto all the men of Israel with a loud +voice, + +15 ^ Cursed be the man who maketh a +graven or molten image, the abomination of +the Lord, the work of the hands of the crafts- +man, and putteth it in a secret place ; and all +the people shall answer, and say. Amen. + +16 ^ Cursed be he that holdeth in light +esteem his father or his mother ; and all the +people shall say, Amen. + +17 ][ Cursed be he that removeth the land- +mark of his neighbour; and all the people +shall say. Amen. + +18 Tl Cursed be he that causeth the blind +to wander out of the way ; and all the people +a. all say, Amen. + +19 ]j Cursed be he that perverteth the + +' Six tribes went up to the top of mount Gerizzim, and +six to that of mount 'Ebal, while the priests, with the +Levites and the ark wore in the middle of the valley be- +low ; tha Levites thereupon turned their faces toward +Gerizzim, and commenced with the blessing: "Blessed +be t'oc map. who doth not make a graven image," &c. ; + + +cause of the stranger, of the fatherless, and +of ^he widow; and all the people shall say, +Amen. + +20 Cursed be he that lieth with his father's +wife; because he uncovereth his Other's skirt; +and all the people shall say, Amen. + +21 ][ Cursed be he that lieth with any man- +ner of beas-t; and all the j^eople shall say, +Amen. + +22 ^ Cursed be he that lieth with his si.'*- +ter, the daughter of his father, or the daugh- +ter of his mother, and all the people shall say, +Amen. + +23 T[ Cursed be he that lieth with his +mother-in-law; and all the people shall say, +Amen. + +24 ^ Cursed be he that smiteth his neigh- +bour secretly; and all the people shall say, +Amen. + +25 ^ Cursed be he that taketh a bribe to +slay a person, an innocent blood ; and all the +people shall say, Amen. + +2(3 ^ Cursed be he that executeth not the +words of this law to do them; and all the +people shall say, Amen. + +CHAPTER XXVIII. + +1 ^ And it shall come to pass, if thou wilt +hearken diligently unto the voice of the Lord +thy God, to observe to do all his command- +ments which I command thee this day, that +th'e Lord thy God will set thee highest above +all nations of the earth; + +2 And all these blessings shall conie upon +thee, and overtake thee; because thou wilt +hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God. + +3 Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and +blessed shalt thou be in the field. + +4 Blessed shall be the fruit of thy l^ody, +and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of +thy cattle, the increase of thy cattle, and the +3'oung of thy flocks. + +5 Blessed shall be thy basket and thy +kneading-trough. + +6 Blessed shalt thou be at thy coming in, +and blessed shalt thou be at thy going'' out.* + +7 The Lord will cause thy enemies that + +when both parties answered, " Amen." They then turned +their faces toward mount 'Ebal, and commenced with the +curse : " Cursed be the man," &c., and so till the last, +" that observeth not." — Mishna Sotah, vii. § 5. + +" Rashi explains, "Trat thy going out from this world +shall be like thy entrance therein, without sin." + +•J43 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. KI TAHBO. + + +rise up against thee to be smitten before thy +face : on one way sliall they come out against +thee, and on seven ways" shall they flee be- +fore thee. + +8 The Lord will command upon thee the +ble.s.sing in tliy storehouses, and in all the +acquisitions of i\\y hand ; and he will bless +thee in the land which the Lord thy God +giveth thee. + +9 The Lord will raise thee up unto him- +self as a holy people, as he hath sworn unto +thee; if thou wilt keep the commandments +of the Lord thy God, and walk in his ways. + +10 And all the nations of the earth shall +see, that thou art called by the name of the +Lord; and they shall be afraid of thee. + +11 And the Lord will make thee pre- +eminent for good, in the fruit of thy body, +and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the +fruit of thy ground, in the land which the +Lord swore unto thy fathers to give unto thee. + +12 The Lord will open unto thee his good +treasure, the heaven, to give the rain of thy +land in its season, and to bless all the work +of thy hand ; and thou shalt lend unto many +nations, l)ut thou shalt not borrow. + +13 And the Lord will constitute thee the +head, and not the tail; and thou shalt only +be uppermost, and thou shalt not be beneath; +if thou wilt hearken unto the commandments +of the Lord thy God, which I command thee +this day to observe and to do; + +14 And thou wilt not go aside from all the +words which I command thee this day, to the +right, or to the left, to go after strange gods, +to serve them. + +15 T[ But it shall come to pass, if thou +wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord +thy God, to observe to do all his command- +ments and his statutes which I command +thee this day: that all these curses shall +come upon thee, and overtake thee. + +16 Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and +cursed shalt thou be in the field. + +17 Cursed shall be thy basket and thy +kneading-trough. + +18 Cin-sed shall be the fruit of thy body, +and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy +cattle, and the young of the flocks. + + +* "Tliis is the course of those who flee hastily, that +they scatter themselves on all sides." — Rashi. + +' Mendelssohn considers these three as diseases of the +hnman system: "unnatural dryuess, wasting, and jaun- +244 + + +19 Cursed shalt thou be at thy coming in, +and cursed shalt thou be at thy going out. + +20 The Lord will send out against thee +misfortune, confusion, and failure, in all the +occupation of thy hand which thou mayest +engage in ; until thou be destroyed, and initil +thou perish quickly ; because of the wicked- +ness of thy doings, that thou hast forsaken +me. + +21 The Lord will cause the pestilence to +cleave unto thee, until it have consimied thee +from ofl' the land, whither thou goest to pos- +sess it. + +22 The Lord Avill smite thee with vol,- +sumption, and with fever, and with inflg-.d- +mation, and with extreme burning, and with +drought,'' and with blasting, and with mil- +dew; and they shall pursue thee until thou +be lost. + +23 And thy heavens that are over thy +head shall be copper, and the earth that is +under thee shall be iron. + +24 The Lord will give as the rain of thy +land powder and dust: from heaven shall +it come down upon thee, until thou be de- +stroyed. + +25 The Lord will cause thee to be smitten +before thy enemies : on one way shalt thou +go out against them, and on seven ways +shalt thou flee before them; and thou shalt +become a horror" unto all the kingdoms of +the earth. + +26 And thy carcass shall become food unto +all the fowls of the heavens, and unto the +beasts of the earth, but with no one to scare +them away. + +27 The Lord will smite thee with the in- +flammatory disease of Egypt, and with the +hemorrhoids, and with the scab, and with the +itch, whereof thou shalt not be able to be +healed. + +28 The Lord will smite thee with ma-f- +ness, and witli blindness, and with confusion +of heart ; + +29 And thou shalt grope about at noonday, +as the blind gropeth about in the darkner*, +and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways ; i.nd +thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed all +the days, but with no one to help.* + + +dice;" others, however, view them as diseases in den'aJ +to the products of the earth. + +" "An object of ill-treatment." — Philippson. + +* This pretigurates the helplessness of Israel in exile + + +DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. KI TAHBO. + + +30 A wife wilt thou betroth, and another +man shall lie with her; a house wilt thou +build, and thou shalt not dwell therein; a +vineyard wilt thou plant, and thou shalt not +redeem it. + +31 Thy ox shall be slain before th}- eyes, +and thou shalt not eat thereof; thy ass shall +be violently taken away from before thy face, +and shall not be brouglit back to thee; thy +sheep shall be given unto thy enemies, with- +out any one to help thee. + +32 Thv sons and thy daughters shall be +given unto another people, and thy eyes shall +look on, and fail with longing for them all +the day long; but without any power in thy +hand. + +33 The fruit of thy .soil, and all thy exer- +tion, shall a nation which thou knowest not +eat up ; and thou shalt only be oppressed and +crushed all the days. + +34 And thou shalt become mad from the +sight of thy eyes which thou wilt see. + +35 The Lord will smite thee with a sore +inflammation upon the knees, and upon the +legs, of which thou shalt not be able to be +healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top +of thy head. + +36 The Lord will drive thee, and thy king +whom thou wilt set over thee, unto a nation +which neither thou nor thy fathers have +known; and thou wilt serve there strange +gods, of wood and stone. + +37 And thou shalt become an astonish- +ment, a proverb, and a by-word, among all +the nations whither the Lord will lead thee. + +38 Much seed wilt thou carry out into the +field, yet but little shalt thou gather in; for +the locust shall consume it. + +39 Vineyards wilt thou plant and dress; +but wine shalt thou not drink nor lay up ; for +the worms shall eat them. + +40 Olive-trees wilt thou have throughout +all thy borders; but with the oil shalt thou +not anoint thyself; for thy olive shall cast +the fruit. + +41 Sons and daughters wilt thou beget; +but they shall not remain thine; for they +shall go into captivity. + +42 All thy trees and the fruit of thy land +shall the cricket strip bare. + +43 The stranger that is in the midst of thee +shall get up above thee higher and higher; +but thou shalt come down lower and lower; + + +44 He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt +not lend to him; he shall become the head, +and thou shalt become the tail. + +45 And there shall come upon thee all +these curses, and they shall pursue thee, and +overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because +thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the +Lord thy God, to keep his commandments +and his statutes which he hath commanded +thee; + +46 And they shall remain on thee for a +sign and for a token, and on thy seed, for +ever. + +47 For the reason that thou didst not +serve the Lord thy God with joyfulness, and +with gladness of heart, while there was an +abundance of all things; + +48 Therefore shalt thou serve thy enemies +whom the Lord will send out against thee; in +hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and +in want of every thing; and they will put a +yoke of iron upon thy neck, until they have +destroyed thee. + +49 The Lord will bring up against thee a +nation from afar, frona the end of the earth, +as the eagle rusheth down; a nation whose +tongue thou wilt not understand ; + +50 A nation of a fierce" countenance, that +will not have respect for the old^ nor show +favour to the youn'g; + +51 And it will eat the fruit of thy cattle, +and the fruit of thv .soil, until thou be de- +stroyed ; so that it will not leave unto thee +corn, wine, or oil. the increase of thy cattle, or +the 3'oung of thy Hocks, until it have ruined +thee. + +52 And it will besiege thee in all thy gates, +until thy high and strong walls come down, +wherein thou trustest, throughout all thy +land; and it Avill besiege thee in all thy +gates throughout all thy land, which the +Lord thy God hath given thee. + +53 And thou shalt eat the fruit of thy +own body, the ilesh of thy sons and of thy +daughters, whom the Lord thy God hath +given thee, in the siege, and in the strait- +ness, whei-eAvith thy enemy will distress +thee. + +54 The man that is the most tender among + + +' Lit. "Hard," or "impudent;" i. e. bold and unmer- +ciful in their conduct to pris^mers, and unreasonable in +their demands. + +245 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXVIII. XXIX. KI TAIIBO. + + +thee, and who is very delicate, — his eye +shall look enviously toward his brother, and +toward the wife of his bosom, and toward +the remnant of his children whom he may +spare ; + +55 So as not to give to any of them of +the flesh of his children which he may eat; +because there is nothing left unto him, in +the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith +thy enemy will distress thee in all thy +gates. + +56 The woman, the most tender among +thee, and. the most delicate, who hath never +adventured to set the sole of her foot upon +the ground for delicateness and tenderness, — +her eye shall look enviously toward the hus- +band of her bosom, and toward her son, and +toward her daughter, + +57 And toward her young one that is come +from between her feet, and toward her chil- +dren which she hath born; for she shall eat +them for want of every thing secretly, in the +siege and in the straitness, wherewith thy +enemy will distress thee in thy gates. + +58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the +words of this law which are written in this +book ;" to fear tins glorious and fearful name, +THE Lord thy God : + +59 Theii will the Lord render peculiar thy +plagues, and the plagues of thy seed, plagues +great, and of long continuance, and sicknesses +soi'e, and of long continuance. + +GO And he will bring back upon thee all +the diseases of Egypt, of which thou wast +afraid; and they shall cleave unto thee. + +61 Also every sickness, and every plague +which is not written in the book of this law, +will the Lord bring upon thee, until thou be +destroyed. + +62 And ye shall be left but few in num- +ber, instead of that ye once were as the stars +of heaven for multitude; because thou didst +not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy +God. + +63 And it shall come to pass, that, as the +Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and +to multiply you, so will the Lord rejoice over + + +" Tlie plagues mentioned arc not the results of any for- +tuitous oircunistaucos, nor any extraneous cause; but only +of the disobedience of the Israelites to the will of God. +It is a faitLliil udhoreuec to the law which alone could +build up our state, as the reverse is the ouly thing which +could pive our enemies tiic victory over us. +246 + + +you to bring you to nought, and to destroy +you: and ye shall be plucked from off the +land whither thou goest to possess it. + +64 And the Lord will scatter thee among +all the nations, from one end of the earth +even unto the other end of the earth; and +there M'ilt thou serve strange gods, which +neither thou nor thy fathers have known, +even wood and stone. + +65 And among these nations shalt thou +find no ease, and there shall not be any rest +for the sole of thy foot: and the Lord will +give thee there a trembling heart, and a fail- +ing of eyes, and a faintness of soul. + +66 And thy life shall hang'' in douljt before +thee; and thou shalt be in dread day and +night, and thou shalt have no confidence of +thy life; + +67 In the morning thou wilt say, Who +would but grant that it were only evening! +and at evening thou wilt say. Who would but +grant that it were only morning! from the +dread of thy heart which thou wilt experi- +ence, and from the sight of thy eyes which +thou wilt see. + +68 And the Lord will bring thee l^ack to +Egypt in ships, by the way whereof I have +spoken unto thee, Thou shalt no more see it +again: and there will ye offer yourselves;'' +for sale unto your enemies for bond-men +and bond-women, without any one to buy +you. + +69'' ]| These are the words of the covenant, +which the Lord commanded Moses to make +with the children of Israel in the land of +Moitb, besides the covenant which he had +made with them in Horeb.* + +CHAPTER XXIX. + +1 ^ And Moses called unto all Israel, and +said unto them. Ye yourselves have seen sll +that the Lord hath done before your eyes in +the land of Egypt unto Pharaoh, and unto aU. +his servants, and unto all his land; + +2 The great proofs which thy eye'? have +seen, those great signs, and miracles : + +3 Yet the Lord gave you not a heart tn + +'' Lit. "And thy life shall be hanging unto thee '.t a +distance;" ('. c. it shall be in constant danger. + +' "Ye will seek to sell yourselves, but noue will buy +for they will decree against you slaughter and destruction." +— Rashi. + +'' The ICnglish version coium;Mice.s here cLap. xxi.f + + +DEUTERONOMY XXIX. NITZABIM. + + +perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear, +until tliis day." + +4 And I have led yon forty years in the +wilderness; your clothes did not Ml worn out +from oft' you. and thy shoe did not Ml woi-n +out from oft' thy foot. + +5 Bread have ye not eaten, and wine or +strong drink have ye not drunk; in order +that ye might understand that 1 am the Lord +your God.'-' + +6 And when ye came unto this place, +Sichon the king of Cheshhon, and "Og the +king of Bashan w^ent out against us unto +Ijattle, and we smote them : + +7 And we took their land, and gave it for +an inheritance unto the Reiihenites, and to +the Gadites, and to the half tribe of the +Menassites. + +8 Keep ye therefore the words of this cove- +nant, and do them, that ye may prosper in all +that ye do. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah Ix. 1 to 22. + + +SECTION LI. NITZABIM, D'Di'J. + +9 ^ Ye are standing this day, all of you, +before the Lord your God ; your lieads of your +tribes, your elders, and your ofticers, all the +men of Israel, + +10 Your little ones, your wives, and thy +stranger that is in the midst of thy camp, +from the hewer of thy w^ood unto the drawer +of thy water: + +11 That thou shouldst enter into the +covenant of the Lord th}- God, and into his +oath of denunciation, which the Lord thy +God raaketh with thee this day.* + +12 In order to raise thee up to-day unto +himself for a people, and that he may be unto +thee a God, as he hath spoken unto thee, and + +° Despite of the many proofs of God's mercy the people +had obtained, they were yet wavering in their faith. + +'■ The reaffirmation of the covenant, with the oath of +denunciation (above, xxvii. 15-26) for transgression now +superadded, was for the purpose of impressing the more +strongly the necessity of obedience upon the people, so +that there might not be one individual or family, who, in +daring carelessness, would offend against the will of the +Lord, seeing that he himself had bound his soul with the +covenant into which he and all Israel had voluntarily en- +tered.—-This verse connects with verse 14. li + +' After Arnheim, who renders ni3D with "to appease," 'i + +to still;' Ti]'\ from the Aramaic "n "drunkenne.ss," i +"violent indulgence;" and hn-dv '-thirst," "desire;" and i| + + +as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, to Abra- +ham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. + +lo And not with you alone do I make tliis +covenant and this oath; + +14 But with him that is standing here with +us this day before the Lord our God, and +with him that is not here w'ith us this day.* + +15 (For }e know how we dwelt in the +land of Egypt; and how we passed through +the nations through Avhich ye have passed ; + +16 And ye saw their abominations, and +their idols, of wood and stone, silver and +gold, which they had with them:) + +17 So" that there may not Ije among you a +man, or a woman, or a family, or a tribe, +whose heart turneth away this day from the +Lord our God. to go to serve the gods of these +nations; that there may not be among you a +root that beareth abundantly poison and +wormwood. + +18 And it might come to pass, when he +heareth the words of this denunciation, tliat +he would Ijless himself in his heart, saying, +There will be peace unto me, though I walk +in the stubbornness of my heart; in order +that the indulgence' of the passions may ap- +•pease the thirst (for them) : + +19 The Lord will not pardon him; but +then the anger of the Lord and his jealousy +will smoke'' against that man, and there shall +rest upon him all the curse that is written in +this book; and the Lord will blot out his +name from under the heavens. + +!| 20 And the Lord will single him out unto +evil out of all the tribes of Israel, according to +all the denunciations of the covenant which + +I' is written in this book of the law. + +II 21 And the latest generation, your chil- +dren that will rise up after you, and the + +'stranger that will come from a far land, will + + +say, when they see the plagues of that land, + +means then, that he will continue to indulge in unlawful +desires, forgetful of the command of God, simply because +his own will is stubborn, and he is careless about yielding +obedience. Philippson renders mSD with ''to increase;" +thus, " so that the drunkenness should yet farther increase +the thirst; ('. r. for greater indulgence. rin'nB' Arnheim +derives for TiB' ''fast, firm," hence, "security." + +'' This expression is taken from the effects of strong +anger in a man, which is seen in the smoke coming out of +his nostrils; and is only used to personify the results of +wilful disobedience to God's will. "Jealousy" then +represents the consequence of slighted affection which the +mortal should feel for his heavenly Father, who both de- +serves and expects love and obedience from his creatures. + +247 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXIX. XXX. NITZABIM. + + +not assigned" + + +" Our religion points out to us how we are to worship ; +consequently irlolatry being interdicted, is properly a +species of worship not assigned to us by God. + +*" 11'nini from in* "more;" therefore in Hiphil, "to +make one more or greater than another," "to distinguish +one for something." (8ce also above, xxviii. 11.) +248 + + +■Mid its sufferings with which tlie Lord hath | +litten it; + +1^2 (That) the whole soil thereof is brim- +,one, and salt, and a burning waste, whicli is +lot sown, and beareth not, and in which no +kind of grass springeth up, like the overthrow +of Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, and Ze- +bojim which the Lord overthrew in his an- +ger, and in iiis wrath : — + +23 Even all the nations will say. Where- +fore hath the Lord done thus unto this land ? +whence the heat of this great anger ? + +24 Then shall men say. Because they had +forsaken the covenant of the Lord, the God +of their fathers, which he made with them +when he brought them forth out of the land +of Egypt; + +25 And they went and served other gods, +and bowed down to them, gods which they +knew not, and which he had +unto them; + +26 And the anger of the Lord was kindled +against this land, to bring upon it the entire +curse that is written in this book; + +27 And the Lord plucked them out of +their land in anger, and in wrath, and in +great indignation, and he cast them into an- +other land, as it is this day. + +28 The secret things belong unto the Lord +our God; but those things which are publicly +known belong unto us and to our children +for ever, to do all the words of this law.* + +CHAPTER XXX. + +1 ^ And it shall come to pass, when all +these things are come upon thee, the blessing +and the curse, which I liave set before thee, +and thou x'eiiectest on them in thy heart +among all the nations, whither the Lord thy +God hatli driven thee, + +2 So that thou returnest unto the Lord +thy God, and hearkenest unto his voice ac- +cording to all that I command this day, thou +and thy children, with all thy heart, and +with all thy soul : + +3 That then the Lord thy God will restore +thy captivity, and have mercy upon thee ; + + +and he will again gather thee from all the +nations, whither the Lord thy God hath scat- +tered thee. + +4 If thy outcasts be at the outmost parts +of heaven, from there will the Lord thy God +gather thee, and from there will he fetch +thee : + +5 And the Lord thy God will bring thee +into the land which thy fathers possessed, +and thou shalt possess it; and he will do +thee good, and multiply thee above thy +fathers. + +6 And the Lord thy God will circumcise +thy heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love +the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and +with all thy soul, in order that thou mayest +live.* + +7 And the Lord thy God will put all these +denunciations upon thy enemies, and on those +that hate thee, who have persecuted thee. + +8 And thou wilt return and hearken unto the +voice of the Lord, and thou wilt do all his com- +mandments which I command thee this day. + +9 And the Lord thy God will make thee +pre-eminent" in every work of thy hand, in +the fruit of thy bod}-, and in the fruit of thy +cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good; +for the Lord will again rejoice over thee for +good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers; + +10 ir thou wilt hearken unto the voice of +the Lord thy God, to keep his commandments +and his statutes which are written in this +book of the law; if thou wilt return unto the +Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all +thy soul.* + +11 T[ For this commandment which I com- +mand thee this day, is not hidden from thee, +nor is it far off. + +12 It is not in heaven; that thou shouldst +say, Who will go up for us to heaven, and +fetch it down unto us, and cause us to hear +it, that we may do it? + +13 Neither is it beyond the sea; that thou +shouldst say, Who will go over the sea for +us, and fetch it unto us, and cause us to hear +it, that we may do it? + +14 But the word is very nigh unto thee, + + +° All the blessings mast be earned by obedience in the +first instance; and when they have been forfeited by sin, +they can only be recovered through a perfect return +unto God with all the heart and all the soul. This is +the only condition pointed out to us in this beautiful +passage. + + +DEUTERONOMY XXX. XXXI. VAYELECH. + + +in tliy month, and in thy heart, tliat thou +niayest do it.* + +15 ^ See, I have set before thee this day +life and the good, death and the evil ; + +16 In that I command thee this day to love +the Loud thy God, to walk in his ways, and +to keep his commandments and his statutes +and his ordinances; that thou mayest live and +multiply; and that the Lord thy God may +bless thee in the land whither thou goest to +possess it. + +17 But if thy heart turn away, so that +thou wilt not hearken, and thou sufferest thy- +self to be dra^vn away, and thou bowest do%\7i +to other gods, and servest them :''" + +18 I aunomice unto you this day, that ye +shall surely perish ; ye shall not remain many +days upon the land, whither thou passest over +the J(jrdan to go thither to possess it. + +19 I call heaven and earth as witnesses +against you this day, that I have set before +you life' and death, the blessing and the curse ; +therefore choose thou life, in order that thou +mayest live, both thou and thy seed ; + +20 To love the Lokd thy God, to hearken +to his voice, and to cleave mi to him; for he is +thy hfe, and the length of thy days; that thou +mayest dwell in the land which the Lord +swore unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, +and to Jacob, to give unto them. + +Haphtorah in Isaiah Ixi. 10 to Ixiii. 9. + + +SECTION LII. VAYELECH, -I-"1. + +CHAPTER XXXI. + +1 ^ And Moses went and spoke these +words unto all Israel. + +2 And he said unto them, I am a hundred +and twenty years old this day; I am not able +any more to go out and come in ; for"" the Lord +hath said unto me. Thou shalt not go over +this Jordan. + +3 The Lord thy God it is who goeth over + +' Life IS the sure recompense of goodness, death that of +evil; and as God loves mercy, he counsels man to choose +goodiless, in order that he may live. + +'Literally, "and;" but Rashi explains correctly that +the reason why Moses could no longer be the leader of the +people was not physical weakness, which is contradicted +by xxxiv. 7; but the will of God that he should not go +over the Jordan. + +2Q + + +before thee; he Avill destroy these nations +fi'om before thee, and thou shalt dispossess +them: Joshua it is who goeth over before +thee, as the Lord hath spoken.* + +4 And the Lord will do unto them as he +hath done to Sichon and to 'Og, the kings of +the Emorites, and unto their land, whom he +hath destroyed. + +5 And the Lord will give them up before +you; and ye shall do unto them according +unto the whole of the commandment which I +have commanded you. + +6 Be strong and of a good courage, be not +afraid and be not dismayed on account of +them; for the Lord thy God it is that goeth +with thee; he will not let thee fail, nor forsake +thee.* + +7 ][ And Moses called imto Joshua, and +said unto him before the eyes of all Israel, Be +strong and of a good courage; for thou must +go with this people unto the land which the +Lord hath sworn unto their fathers to give +unto them ; and thou shalt divide it for them +as a possession. + +8 And the Lord it is that goeth before +thee; he will be with thee, he will not let +thee fail, nor will he forsake thee : fear not, +nor be thou discouraged. + +9 And Moses wrote down this law, and de- +livered it unto the priests the sons of Levi, +who l)ore the ark of the covenant of the Lord, +and unto all the elders of Israel.* + +10 And Moses commanded them, sajdng, +At the end of (every) seven" years, at the +fixed time of the year of release, on the feast +of tabernacles, + +11 When all Israel come to appear before +the Lord thy God in the place which he will +choose, shalt thou read this law in the pre- +sence of all Israel in their hearing. + +12 Assemble the people together, the men, +and the women, and the children, and thy +stranger that is within thy gates; in order +that they may hear, and in order that they +may learn how they are to fear the Lord + + +° At the Feast of Tabernacles succeeding the release +year, as it is explained by our authorities. It was then +that the chief of the people was to read the law in the +hearing of all ; since all had an equal interest in the same, +and all were bound to give it strict obedience. Religious +instruction should therefore in our day also be imparted to +all who belong to the house of Israel, whether they be +male or female, young or old. + +249 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXXI. VAYELECH. + + +your God, and observe to do all the words of +this law; + +13 And that their children, who have not +yet any knowledge, may hear, and learn to +fear the Lord your God, all the days which +ye li\'e iu the land whither ye go over the +Jordan to possess it.''' + +14 If And the Lord said unto Moses, Be- +hold, thy days approach that thou must die ; +call Joshua, and place yourselves in the taber- +nacle of the congregation, that I may give +him a charge:* and Moses and Joshua went, +and placed themselves in the tabernacle of the +congregation. + +15 And the Lord appeared in the taberna- +cle in a pillar of cloud ; and the pillar of cloud +stood at the door of the tabernacle. + +IC And the Lord said unto Moses, Behold, +thou shalt sleep with thy fathers: and then +will this people rise up, and go astray after +the gods of the strangers of the land, whither +they go to be iu the midst of them, and they +will forsake me, and break my covenant +which I have made with them. + +17 And my anger shall be kindled against +them on that day, and I will forsake them, +and I will hide my face from them, and they +shall be given to be devoured, and many +evils and troubles shall overtake them; and +they will say on that day, Is it not, because +my God is not in the midst of me, that these +evils have overtaken me ? + +18 But I will assuredly hide my face on +that day on account of all the evils which +they have wrought, tecause they have turned +unto other gods. + +19 Now therefore write ye for yourselves +this song, and teach it the children of Israel, +put it in their mouth; in order tluit this song +nuxy become for me a witness against the +children of Israel.* + +20 For when I shall have brought them +into the land which I have sworn unto their +fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; +and they shall have eaten and filled them- + + +" Tlii.s refers (o verso '2H, where it says, " And he gave +a charge to Jo.shu.a, &c." As Joshua was to succeed +MosCs, it was proper that the Spirit should speak with +him in the presence of his teacher; so that the people +miglit respect him. + +'' A pnjmise th;it thchiw shall never be forgotten, which +has been signally fultilied. + +' " The song shall, through the predictions it contains, +260 + + +selves, and grown fat: then will they airn +unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke +me, and break my covenant. + +21 And it shall come to pass, when irany +evils and troubles have befallen them, that +this song shall testify against them as a wit- +ness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the +mouth of tlieir seed;'' for I know their incli- +nation' which they have shown, even this +day, before I have brought them into the +land which I have sworn. + +22 And Moses wrote down this song on the +same day, and taught it the children of +Israel. + +23 And he'' gave a charge unto Joshua the +son of Nun, and said. Be strong and of a good +courage ; for thou shalt bring the children of +Israel into the land which 1 have sworn uuii +them; and I will be with thee. + +24 And it came to pass, when Moses had +made an end of writing the words of this law +in a book, until they were finished,''' + +25 That Moses commanded the Levites, the +bearers of the ark of the covenant of the Lord, +saying, + +26 Take this book of the law, and put it at +the side of the ark of the covenant of the +Lord your God, that it may remain there +against thee for a witness. + +27 For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff +neck : behold, while I am yet alive with you +this day, have ye been rebellious against +the Lord, and how much more after my +death ?* + +28 Assemble unto me all the elders of your +tribes, and your officers; and I will speak in +their ears these words, and I will call as wit- +nesses against them the heavens and the earth. + +29 For I know that after my death ye will +to a surety become corrupt, and turn aside +from the way which I have commanded you; +and that the evil will befall you in the latter +days, when ye do the evil in the eyes of the +Lord, to incense him through the work of +your hands. + +be an evidence that their sinful life was already present +before me, before they had yet taken possession of the +prdmised land." — Arniieim. Aben Ezra comments, +" For if I did not know the future, I know already whs' +they have done till now ;" taking T]\ay in its literal sense, +" to make," not as iu our version after Arnheim, " show," +which then refers to " inclination." + +■■ This refers to " God." (See above, ver:;e 14.) + + +DEUTERONOMY XXXI. XXXIl. HAAZEENU. + + +30 And Moses spoke in the ears of all the +congregation of Israel the words of this song, +until they were ended. + +Haphtorah for the Portuguese, if after Kosh Hashanah, in +Ilosea xiv. 2 to 10, and Micuh vii. 18 to 20 ; otlierwise that +o( JS'itzabim. The Germans read, in the tirst case, in Ilosea +xiv. 2 to 10, and Joel ii. 15 to 27 ; in the second, in Isaiah +Iv. 6 to Ivi. 8. + + +SECTION LIII. HAAZEENU, irrNH. + +CHAPTER XXXIL + +1 ^ Give ear, 0 ye heavens, and I will +speak; and let the earth hear the words of +my mouth. + +2 My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my +speech shall distil as the dew, as heavy rains +upon the grass, and as showers upon herbs. + +3 When I call on the name of the Lord, +ascribe ye greatness unto our God. + +4 He is the Rock, his work is perfect; for +all his ways are just: the God of truth and +without iniquity, just and upright is he. + +5 The corruption is not his," it is the de- +fect of his children, of the perverse and crook- +ed generation. + +6 Will ye thus requite the Lord, 0 people, +worthless and unwise ? is he not thy father +who hath bought thee? is it not he who hath +made thee, and established thee?* + +7 Remember the days of old, consider the +years of former generations; ask thy lather, +and he will tell thee; thy elders, and they +will say it unto thee : + +8 When the Most High divided to the na- +tions their inheritance, when he separated +the sons of man: he set the bounds of the +tribes'' according to the nurabev of the sons of +Israel. + +9 For the portion of the Lord is his people ; +Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. + +10 He found him in a desert land, and in +the waste of tlie howling of the wilderness; +he encircled him, he watched him, he guarded +him as the apple of his eye. + +11 As an eagle stirreth up his nest, flutter- +eth over his young, spreadeth abroad his + + +* The sinning of Israel is not a blemish upon the good- +ness of God : he gave them a law which would render +them happy ; but they chose sin and its subsequent sor- +rows. + + +wings, seizeth them, beareth them aloft on +his pinions: + +12 So did the Lord alone lead him, and +there was not with him a stranger god.* + +13 He caused him to stride on the high +places of the earth, and he ate the products +of the fields ; and he made him to suck honey +out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty stone ; + +14 Cream of cows, and milk of sheep, +with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of +Bashan, and goats, with the fat of the kid- +neys" of wheat ; and of the blood of the grape +thou drankest unmixed wine. + +15 Thus did Yeshurun grow fat, and he +kicked; (thou art grown fat, thick, fleshy;) +and then he forsook the God who made him, +and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvar +tion. + +16 They incensed him with strange gods, +with abominations they provoked him to +anger. + +17 They sacrificed unto evil spirits, things +that are not god, gods that they knew not, +new ones lately come up, which your fathers +dreaded not. + +18 Of the Rock that begat thee thou wast +unmindful, and foi'gottest the God that hatl +brought thee forth.* + +19 And the Lord saw this, and he was +angry; because "of the provoking of his sons +and of his daughters. + +20 And be said, I will hide my face from +them, I will see what their end will be; for +a perverse generation are they, children in +whom there is no faith. + +21 They have moved me to wTath with +things that are not god ; they have provoked +me to anger with their vanities; and I too +will move them to jealousy with those which +are not a people; I will pi'ovoke them to anger +with a worthless nation. + +22 For a fire is kindled in my anger, ar.d +it burnetii unto the lowest deejj; and it con- +sumeth the earth with her products, and it +setteth on fire the foundations of the mou;.- +tains. + +23 I will heap upon them miseries; all my +arrows will I spend upon them. + + +^ Established twelve tribes from the twelve sons o^ +Israel. + +° "An image borrowed from the shape of the vibcar. +for 'fine flour.'" + +251 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXXII. HAAZEENU. + + +24 They shall be wasted with hunger, and +devoured with burning heat, and with bitter +deadly disease ; also the tooth of beasts will I +let loose against them, with the poison of ser- +pents that crawl in the dust. + +25 Without shall the sword destroy, and +terror within the chaml^ers, both the young +man and the virgin, the suckling with the +man of gray hairs. + +26 I said, I would drive them into one +corner," I would cause their remembrance to +cease from among men : + +27 Were it not that I feared the wrath of +the enemy, lest their oppressors should mis- +talvC the truth, lest they should say, Our hand +is high, and the Lord hath not wrought all +this. + +28 For a nation void of counsel are they, +and there is no understanding in them.* + +29 If they were but wise, they would under- +stand this, they would consider their latter +end! + +30 How should one chase a thousand, and +two put ten thousand to flight, unless their +Rock had sold them, and the Lord had de- +livered them up? + +31 For not as our Rock is their rock, even +our enemies themselves being judges. + +32 For from the vine of Sodom is their +vine, and from the fields of Gomorrah; their +grapes are grapes of gaU, they bear bitter +clusters. + +33 The poison of serpents is their wine, +and the deadly*" venom of asps. + +34 Behold! this is laid up in store with +me, it is sealed up among my treasures ! + +35 Mine are vengeance and recompense, at +the time that their foot shall slip; for nigh +draweth the day of their calamity, and the +future speedeth along for them. + +36 For the Lord will espouse the cause of +his people, and bethink himself concerning his +servants: when he seeth that their power is +gone, and the guarded and fortified are no +more. + +° Kasbi ; others reader, " I would make an end of +them;" others, "scatter them." + +'' Lit. "Cruel," "unpitying;" heuce, "fatal in its +effects," here, "deadly." + +° After Rashi. Arnheim renders, "The fat of whose +sacrifices they ate, the wine of whose driuk-offerings they +drank?" + +'' Arnheim views this not as an oath, but merely as +t declaration that the display of the Divine power will +262 + + +37 Then will he say, Where are their gods +the rock in whom they trusted, + +38 They" that ate the fat of their sacrifices, +and drank the wine of their drink-ofierings? +let them arise and help you, let them be a +protection over you. + +39 See now that I, even I, am lie, and +there is no god with me : I alone kill, and 1 +make alive ; I wound, and I heal ; and no +one can deliver out of my hand.* + +40 For I lift up my hand to heaven, and +say, I live for ever.'' + +41 When I whet my glittering sword, and +my hand taketli hold on judgment:" I will +render vengeance unto my enemies, and those +that hate me will I requite. + +42 I will make my arrows drunken with +blood, and my sword shall devour flesh ; from +the blood of the slain and of the captives, +from the crushed head of the enemy. + +43 Sjoeak aloud, 0 ye nations, the praises +of his people; for he*^ will avenge the blood +of his servants, and vengeance will he render +to his adversaries, and forgive his land, and +his people.* + +44 ^ And Moses came and spoke all the +words of this song in the ears of the people, +he, and Hosheii the son of Nun. + +45 And when Moses had made an end of +speaking all these words to all Israel : + +46 He said unto them. Set your hearts +unto all the words which I testify agrinst +you this day, so that ye may command them +your children, to observe to do all the words +of this law. + +47 For it is not a vain word for you; on +the contrary, it is your' life; and through +this word shall ye live many days in the +land, whither ye go over the Jordan to pos- +sess it.* + +48 ^ And the Lord spoke unto Moses on +that self-same day, saying, + +49 Get thee up into this mountain of 'Aba- +rim, unto mount Nebo, which is in the land +of Moiib, that is in front of Jericho; and be- + + +convince the heathens that the Lord God lives for +ever. + +" Arnheim renders 03B'o "the iu.strument of punish- +ment," or that by which the judgment or sentence of the +judge is executed. + +' Aben Ezra refers "he" to people, and would give, +"It will avenge the blood of his (God's) servents and ren- +der vengeance to its enemies — and his people will atone +for his land." + + +DEUTERONOMY XXXll. XXXlll. IIABERACHAH. + + +hold the land of Canaan, which I give unto +the children of Israel for a possession; + +50 And die on the mount whither thou +goest np, and be gathered unto thy people; as +Aaron thy brother died on mount Hor, and +was gathered unto his people; + +51 Because ye trespassed against me in +the midst of the children of Israel at the +waters of contention at Kadesh, in the wil- +derness of Zin ; because ye sanctified me not +in the midst of the children of Israel. + +52 For from afar shalt thou see the land; +but thither shalt thou not go unto the land +which I give the children of Israel. + +Haphtorah, if before Kippur, for the Portuguese in Hosea +xiv. 2 to 10 and Micah vii. 18 to 20; for the Germans, instead +of the last, Joel ii. 15 to 27 ; but if after Kippur, both read in +2 Samuel xxii. 1 to 51. Some congregations read in Ezekiel +xvii. 22 to xviii 32. + + +SECT. LIV. VEZOTH HABERACHAH, + +HDiDn nxn- + +CHAPTER XXXIII. + +1 ][ And this is the blessing, wherewith +Moses, the man of God, blessed the children +of Israel before his death. + +2 And he said. The Lord came from Sinai, +and rose up from Se'ir unto them : he shone +forth from mount Paran, and he came from +among myriads of saints ; from his right hand +he gave a fiery law unto them. + +3 Yea, thou also lovedst the tribes ; all their +saints were in thy hand ; and they, prostrate +before thy feet, received thy words." + +4 " The*" law which Moses commanded us, +is the inheritance of the congregation of +Jacob." + +5 Thus became he king in Yeshurun, when +the heads of the people wei'e assembled, as +one the tribes of Israel. + +6 May Reuben live, and not die ; and may +not his men be few. + +7 ][ And this is (the blessing) of Judah, + + +' Arnheim translates this verse: "He also bore the +tribes on his bosom, all his (Israel's) saints were in thy hand ; +but they were stretched out at thy feet, and trembled at +thy word." + +" Rashi comments, that these are the words which the +people spoke. + +° After Targum and Rashi ; and it means then, that Ju- +dah may be blessed with the means of contending against +his opponents. Others, such as Abeu Ezra and the Eug- + + +and he said, Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah, +and bring him unto his people : let the power +of his hands contend" for him ; and be thou a +help to him from his adversaries.* + +8 Tl And of Levi he said. Thy Thummim" +and thy Urim are with thy holy man, whom +thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom +thou didst strive at the waters of Meril^ah ; + +9 Who said of his lather and of his mother, +I have not seen him ; and who did not ac- +knowledge his brothers, nor regarded his own +children; for they observe thy word, and thy +covenant they keep. + +10 They shall teach thy ordinances unto +Jacob, and thy law unto Israel: they shall +put incense before^ thee, and whole burnt^ +sacrifice upon thy altar. + +11 Bless, 0 Lord, his substance, and re- +ceive favourably the work of his hands : crush +the loins of those that rise up against him, +and those that hate him, that they cannot rise +again. + +12 ]f And of Benjamin he said. The be- +loved of the Lord (is he), he shall dwell in +safety by him : he will shield him all the day +long, and between his shoulders will he dwell.* + +13 ][ And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the +Lord be his land, through the precious gift +of heaven, through the dew, and through the +deep that coucheth beneath, + +14 And through the precious fruits brought +forth by the sun, and through the precious +things put forth by the moon, + +15 And through the best things of the +ancient mountains, and through the precious +things of the everlasting hills, + +16 And through the precious things of the +earth and its fulness, and through the good- +will of him that dAvelt in the thorn-l)ush : +may this blessing come upon the head of +Joseph, and upon the crown of the head of +him that was separated from his brothers. + +17 His first-born steer is adorned Avith +glory, and his horns are like the horns of +reem;' with them shall he push nations to + +lish version, translate, "let his hands be sufficient for + +him." Arnheim renders the concluding portion, "and + +may they (the hands) be a help," &c. + +■^ " Thy justice and thy light are," &c. — Arnheim lud + +Philippson. + +' Lit. "In thy nose," to wit, "as an agreeable savour." +' "Buffalo." — Philippson. But in this version it is + +Irft untranslated, from the uncertainty of the deriva + +tion. + +358 + + +DEUTERONOMY XXXIII. XXXIV. HABERACHAH. + + +getlier to tlie ends of the earth : and they are +the myriads of Ephraim, and they are the +thousands of Menasseh.* + +18 ][ And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Ze- +bulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in +thy tents. + +19 They will call the tribes unto the +mountain; there will they offer sacrifices of +righteousness; for they will suck the abun- +dance of the seas, and the treasures hid in the +sand. + +20 T[ And of Gad he said. Blessed" be he +that enlargeth Gad: like a lioness lieth he +down, and teareth off the arm with the crown +of the head. + +21 And he provided the first part for him- +self, because there is the field of the law- +giver, of the hidden ;* and he went forth at +the head of the people: he executed the jus- +tice" of the Lord, and his judgments with Is- +rael.* + +22 ^ And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's +whelp, that leapeth forth from Bashan. + +23 And of Naphtali he said, 0 Naphtali, +satisfied with favour, and full of the blessing +of the Lord, take thou possession of the west +and the south. + +24 ][ And of Asher he said. More than +(all) the children be Asher blessed : he shall +be the most favoured of his brethren, and +bathe his foot in oil. + +25 Iron and copper shall be thy bolts; and +as thy (younger) days'* so shall thy old age +be. + +26 There is none like unto the God of +Yeshurun, who rideth to help thee upon the +heavens, and in his excellency upon the +skies.* + +27 Thy refuge" is the eternal God, and +here beneath, the everlasting arms; and he +thrust out the enemy from before thee; and +he said. Destroy. + +28 And then dwelt Israel in safety, alone, +tlie fountain of Jacob; in a land of com +and wine; also its heavens shall drop down +dew. + +29 Happy art thou, 0 Israel ! who is like +unto thee, 0 people, saved by the Lord, the +Saield of th-y- help, and who is the Sword of + + +' "Ulcssed, extensive is Gad." — Arniikim. +'' i. e. Mo.^cs, who is buriod in Gad's portion. +' "The victory of the Lord and punishment, (against +the CauaarjiiCij.) he exocutoth with Israel." — Arnheim. +• After llashi. +264 + + +thy excellency! and thy enemies shall fa^vn +upon thee; and thou slialt tread ujjon their +high-places.* + +CHAPTER XXXIV. + +1 ^ And Moses went up from the plains +of MoJib unto the mount of Nebo, to the +top of Pisgah, that is before Jericho; and the +Lord showed him all the land (from) Gil'ad +unto Dan, + +2 And all Naphtali, and the land of +Ephraim, and Menasseh, and all the land of +Judah, unto the western sea. + +3 And the south, and the plain, the valley +of Jericho, the city of palm-trees, unto Zoiir. + +4 And the Lord said unto him, This is the +land which I swore unto Abraham, unto +Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying. Unto thy seed +will I give it: I have let thee see it with thy +eyes, but thither shalt thou not go over. + +5 And Moses the servant of the Lord died +there in the land of Moiib, according to the +order of the Lord. + +6 And he buried him in the valley in the +land of Moiib, opposite Beth-peor; but no man +knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day. + +7 And Moses was a hundred and twenty +years old when he died; his eye was not +dimmed, and his natural force had not abated. + +8 And the children of Israel wept for +Moses in the plaiits of Moiib thirty days ; and +then were ended the days of weeping and +mourning for Moses. + +9 And Joshua the son of Nun was full of +the spirit of wisdom ; for Moses had laid his +hands upon him ; and the childi*en of Israel +hearkened unto him, and did, as the Lord +had commanded Moses. + +10 And there arose not a prophet since +then in Israel like unto Moses, whom the +Lord knew face to face, + +11 In respect to all the signs and the won- +ders', which the Lord had sent him to do in +the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, and to all his +servants, and to all his land, + +12 And in respect to all that mighty hand, +and in all the great terrific deeds which Moses +displayed before the eyes of all Israel. + +Ilaphtorah in Joshua i. 1 to 9. The Germans read to 18. + + +' "The dwelling of the Eternal," &c. — Rashi; who +refers nj^'D to the .skies in the precedinf; verse, thus: +"The skies — which are the dwelling, etc., and beneath this +dwell all the strong of arm, whom Israel was told to +banish." + + +D^iinr)i D^N^nj mm + + +THE HOLY SCRIPTUIIES: + +PART SECOND.— DIVISION I. +CONTAINING THE EARLIER PROPHETS. + +JOSHUA, ;;Knn' judges, d'Di^ic-' + +FIEST SAMUEL, 'N Sn'IOC SECOND SAMUEL, 'dSn'IOC' +FIKST KINGS, 'N DoSo SECOND KINGS, '3 DoSs + + +THE BOOK OF JOSHUA, + +CONTAINING THE EVENTS OF JOSHUA'S LIFE AFTER THE DEATH OF MOSES. + + +CHAPTER I. + +1 ^ And it came to pass after the death +of Moses, the servant of the Lord, that the +Lord spoke unto Joshua" the son of Nun, the +minister of Moses, saying, + +2 Moses my servant is dead; now there- +fore arise, pass over this Jordan, thou, and all +this people, unto the land which I do give +to them, to the children of Israel. + +3 Every place that the sole of your foot +shall tread ujx>n, that have I given unto you, +as I said unto Moses. + +4 From'' the wilderness and this Lebanon +even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, +all the land of the Hittites, and unto the +great sea toward the going down of the sun, +shall be your Ijoundary. + +5 No man shall be able to stand up before +thee all the days of thy life; as I was with +Moses, so will I b-e with thee: I will not let +thee fail, nor forsake thee. + +6 Be strong and of a good courage; for +thou shalt divide for an inheritance unto this +people the land, which I .'^wore unto their +fathers to give to them. + +7 Only be thou strong and very courage- +ous, to observe to do according to all the law, +which Moses my servant hath commanded +thee: turn not from it to the right band or +to the left; in order that thou mayest prosper +whithersoever thou goest. + +8 This book of the law shall not depart +out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate +therein day and night, in order that thou +mayest observe to do according to all that is +written therein; for then shalt thou make + +" Properly, Ytlioshua' . + +' That is, their utmost limits should be from the Desert +of Arabia Petraea on the south, to Lebanon on the north; +and from the Euphrates on the east, to the great sea, or +2 H + + +thy way prosperous, and then shalt thou have +good success. + +9 Behold,'' I have commanded thee, Be +strong and of good courage; be not dismayed, +neither be thou discouraged; for the Lord thy +God is with thee withersoever thou goest. + +10 •[[ Then Joshua commanded the officers +of the people, saying, + +11 Pass through the midst of the camp, +and command the people, saying. Prepare +yourselves provisions; for after only three +days more ye shall pass over this Jordan, to +go in to possess the land, which the Lord +your God giveth you, to possess it. + +12 ^ And to the Reiibenites, and to the +Gadites, and to half the tribe of Menasseh, +spoke Joshua, saying, + +1.3 Remember the word which Moses the +servant of the Lord commanded you, saying, +The Lord your God hath granted you rest, +and hath given you this land; + +14 Your wives, your little ones, and your +cattle, shall remain in the land which Mo.ses +gave you on this side t)f the Jordan ; but ye +shall pass over armed before your brethren, +all the mighty men of valour, and help them ; + +15 Until the Lord shall have granted your +brethren rest, as he hath done to you, and +they also have taken possession of the land +which the Lord your God giveth them : then +shall ye return unto the land of your posses- +sion, and possess it, which Moses the servant +of the Lord gave you on this side of the Jor- +dan, toward the rising of the sun. + +16 ]| And they answered Joshua, saying. +All that thou hast commanded us will we do, +and whithersoever thou wilt send us will we go. + +the Mediterranean, on the west. The Israelites did nnt +possess the full extent of this grant till the time of ]):ivj(! + +0 "Territory." — S.VCHS, i.e. tliat within the houiidiries + +'' Lit. "Have I not couimauded theei"' + +257 + + +JOSHUA I. II. + + +17 Entirely so as we have hearkened mifo +Moses, thus will we hearken unto thee : only +the Lord thy God be with thee, as he was +with Moses. + +IS Every man that doth rebel against thy +order, and will not hearken unto thy words +in all that thou mayest command him, shall +be put to death : only be strong and of a good +courage. + +CHAPTER II. + +1 ^ And Joshua, the son of Nun, had sent" +out from Shittim two men as spies, secretly, +saying, Go ye, view the land and especially +Jericho; and they went, and came unto the +house of a woman, a harlot, whose name was +Rachab, and they lodged" there. + +2 And it was told unto the king of Jericho, +saying, Behold, men came in hither this +night, of the children of Israel, to search +out the country. + +3 And the king of Jericho sent to Rachab, +saying, Brnig forth the men who are come to +thee, who came to thy house; for, to search +out all the country are they come. + +4 But the woman had taken the two men, +and hidden them ; and she said, It is true, the +men came unto me, but I knew not whence +they were. + +5 And it came to pass, about the time of +shuttuig the gate, when it was dark, that the +men went out; I know not whither the men +are gone : pursue quickly after them, for ye +can overtake them. + +6 But she had brought them up to the +roof, and had hidden them among the stalks +of tlax, which she had laid in order upon the +roof. + +7 And the men pursued after them, by the +way to the Jordan unto the lords; and the +gate was closed, as soon as those who pursued +after thcin were gone out. + +8 But they had not yet laid themselves +down, when she came up unto them upon +the roof + +9 And she said unto the men, I know that + + +" Rashi comments that Joshua sent out the spies during +the time the peojile uiourned for Moses; these men re- +turned then before Joshua gave the cimimand contained +above, i. 11 ; wherefore the word "liad" is supplied, to +indicate tliat this account properly belongs ))cforc the con- +versation given in the concluding verses of the preceding +chapter. + +2.58 + + +the Lord hath given you the land, and that +the teri'or of you hath fallen upon us, and +that all the inhabitants of the land are be- +come faint-hearted, Ijecause of you. + +10 For we have heard, how that the Lord +dried up the waters of the Red Sea before +you, wdien ye went forth out of Egypt ; and +what ye have done unto the two kings of +the Emorites, wlw were on the other side of +the Jordan, unto Siclion and 'Og, whom ye +have utterly destroyed. + +11 And when we heard this, our heart +melted, and there remained not any more +courage in any man, because of you ; for the +Lord your God" is alone God in the heavens +above, and upon the earth beneath. + +12 And now swear, I pray you, unto me +by the Lord, because I have shown you kind- +ness, that ye will also, for your part, show +kindness, unto my father's house; and give +me a sure token, + +13 That ye will pi*eserve the life of my +father, and my mother, and my brothers, and +my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver +our lives from death. + +14 And the men said unto her. Our life +shall be (doomed) to death instead of yours, +if ye tell not this our business; and it shall +be, when the Lord giveth us the land, that +we will show thee kindness and truth. + +15 Then she let them dowm by a cord +through the window ; for her house was with- +iii the town wall, and within the wall she +dwelt. + +16 And she said unto them, Get you to +the mountain, lest the pursuers meet with +you ; and hide yourselves there three days, +until the pursuers be returned ; and afterward +ye may go your wa}'. + +17 And the men said unto her. We Avill be +blameless'^ of this thy oath which thou hast +caused us to swear. + +18 Behold, when we come into the laud, +this line of scarlet thread shalt thou bind in +the window liy which thou hast let us down; +and thy father, and thy mother, and thy + + +" Lit '•They lay down." + +" This expression, among others found in the ]?ible, +proves that the heathen nations around I'alestine had be- +come familiar with the omnipotence of the LoRl>, and +were convinced of the powerlessness of their idols. + +'' i. e. If the conditions subsequently stated should not +be complied with + + +JOSHUA II. III. + + +brothers, and all thy father's househonkl, thou +must bring together unto thee into the house. + +19 And it shall be, that whosoever will go +out of the doors of thy house into the street, +his blood shall be upon his head, and we will +be guiltless; and whosoever will remain with +thee m the house, his blood shall Ije on our +head, if a hand be laid upon him. + +20 And if thou tell this our lousiness, then +will we be free of thy oath which thou hast +caused us to swear. + +21 And she said, Accoi-ding unto your +words, so be it; and she dismissed them, and +thev departed ; and she bound the scarlet line +in tlie window. + +22 And they went, and came unto the +mountain, and they remained there three +days, until the pursuers were returned; and +the pursuers sought throughout all the way, +but found nothing. + +23 And tlie two men returned, and de- +scended from the mountain, and passed over, +and came to Joshua the sun of Nun, and re- +lated to him all the things that had befallen +them. + +24 And they said unto Joshua, Truly' the +Lord hath given up into our hand all the +country ; for all the iahal^itants of the country +are already become faint-hearted because of +us. + +CHAPTER III. + +1 ][ And Joshua rose early in the morn- +ing; and they broke up from Shittim, and +came close to the Jordan, he and all the chil- +dren of Israel ; and they lodged there before +they passed over. + +2 And it came to pass at the end of three +days, that the oflicers passed through the +midst of the camp. + +3 And they commanded the people, say- +ing. When ye see the ark of the covenant of +the Lord your God, and the priests the Le- +vites bearing it, then shall ye break up from +your place, and go after it. + +4 Nevertheless there shall be a space be- +tween you and it, of about two thousand cu- +bits by measure : come not near unto it, in + + +' Philippson translates 'a with ■' because," in accord- +ance with many commentators who regard this verse as +the end of the report which the spies brought to Joshua, +which properly concludes with their reason for supposing + + +oi'der that ye may know the way by which +ye must go; for ye have not passed this way +heretofore." + +5 ^ And Joshua said unto the people, +Sanctify joursehes;" for to-morrow will the +Lord do wonders in the midst of you. + +6 And Joshua said unto the priests, as fol- +loweth. Take up the ark of the covenant, and +pass over before the people. And they took +up the ark of the covenant, and went 'before +the people. + +7 Tl And the Lord said unto Joshua, This +day will I begin to nuike thee great in the +eyes of all Israel, that they may know that, +as I was with Moses, so will I be with thee. + +8 And thou shalt command the priests that +bear the ark of the covenant, saying. When +ye are come to the brink of the waters of the +Jordan, ye shall stand still in the Jordan. + +9 T[ And Joshua said unto tlie children of +Israel, Approach hither, and hear the words +of the Lord your God. + +10 And Joshua said, Hereby shall ye know +that the living God is in the midst of you, +and that he will without fail drive out from +before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, +and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the +Girgashites, and the Emorites, and the Jebu- +sites. + +11 Behold, the ark of the covenant of the +Lord of all the earth passeth over before you +into the Jordan. + +12 And now take yourselves twelve men +out of the tribes of Israel, one man each out of +every tribe. + +13 And it shall come to pass, tliat as soon +as the soles of the feet of the priests that bear +the ark of the Lord, the Lord of all the earth, +shall rest in the waters of the Jordan, the +waters of the Jordan shall be cut oft', namely, +the waters that come down from aljove; and +they shall stand up as a wall. + +14 ^ And it came to pass, when the people +bnjke up from their tents, to pass over the +Jordan, and the priests the bearers of the ark +of the covenant were before the people ; + +15 And as they that Ijore the ark were +come up to the Jordan, and the feet of the + + +that the conquest would be easy, both from natural causes +and the divine aid. + +" Heb. "Since yesterday and the day before yesterday." + +° '-Be ready." — Sachs". + + +259 + + +JOSHUA III. IV. + + +priests that bore the ark were dipped in +the edge of the water, (the Jordan, however, +had overflowed aU its banks all the time of +harvest,) + +16 That the waters which came down from +above stood still and rose up as a wall, very +far" from the city Adam, which is beside Zare- +than; and those that ran down toward the +sea of the plain, the salt sea, failed," were cut +ofi'; aiid the people passed over opposite to +Jericho. + +17 And the priests that bore the ark of the +covenant of the Lord stood firm" on dry +ground in the midst of the Jordan, and all +the Israelites passed over on dry ground, until +all the people had finished passing over the +Jordan. + +CHAPTER IV. + +1 And it came to pass, when all the peo- +ple had finished passing over the Jordan, + +^ That the Lord said unto Joshua, as fol- +loweth, + +2 Take yourselves twelve men out of the +people, one man each out of every tribe, + +3 And command ye them, saying, Take +yourselves hence out of the midst of the Jor- +dan, out of the place where the priests' feet +stood firmly, twelve stones, and ye shall carry +them over with you, and leave them in the +lodging-place, where ye will lodge this night. + +4 ^ Then did Joshua call the twelve men, +whom he had appointed out of the children +of Israel, one man each out of every tribe : + +5 And Joshua said unto them, Pass over +before the ark of the Lord your God into the +midst of the Jordan, and take yourselves up +evei-y man one stone upon his shoulder, accord- +ing unto the number of the tribes of the chil- +dren of Israel; + +6 In order that this may be a sign among +you, when your children ask in time to come, +saying. What mean ye liy these stones? + +7 That ye shall answer them. That the +waters of the Jordan were cut off before the +ark of the covenant of the Lord; when it +passed over the Jordan, the waters of the +Jordan were cut oft'; and these stones shall + + +be for a memorial unto the children of Israel +for ever. + +8 And the children of Israel did so as +Joshua had commanded; and they took up +twelve stones out of the midst of the Jordan, +as the Lord had spoken unto Joshua, accord- +ing to the number of the tribes of the chil- +dren of Israel ; and they carried them over +with them unto the place where they lodged, +and laid them down there. + +9 Twelve stones also did Joshua set up in +the midst of the Jordan, on the spot where +the feet of the priests who bore the ark of +the covenant had stood: and they have re- +mained there unto this day. + +10 But the priests who bore the ark +stood in the midst of the Jordan, until every +thing was finished that the Lord had com- +manded Joshua to speak unto the people, ac- +cording to all that Moses had commanded +Joshua ; and the people hastened and passed +over. + +11 And it came to pass, when all the peo- +ple had finished passing over, that the ark of +the Lord passed over with the priests in the +presence of the people.* + +12 And the children of Reiiben, and the +children of Gad, and the half tribe of Menas- +seh, passed over armed before the children +of Israel, as Moses had spoken unto them: + +13 About forty thousand ready armed for +war," did they pass over before the Lord unto +battle, to the plains of Jericho. + +14 T[ On that day the Lord made Joshua +l| great in the eyes of all Israel ; and they feared +[[ him, as they had feared Moses, all the days of + +his life. + +15 ^ And the Lord said unto Joshua, as +followeth, + +16 Command the priests that bear the ark +of the testimony, that they come up out of the +Jordan. + +17 And Joshua commanded the priests, +saying, Come ye up out of the Jordan. + +18 And it came to pass, when the priests +that bore the ark of the covenant of the Lord +were come up out of the midst of the Jordan, +the soles of the feet of the priests were lifted + + +* I. c. Very f:ir from the point of" transit. + +■^ " Disappeared entirely." — Sachs. Wliichevcr way we +render iniDJ ion it means tliat the water, haviui^ ecascd to +flow from above, left tlie bed Iielow the spot indicated +entirely dry. + +2t;o + + +" "In iz:ood order." — Jonathan and Rashi. + +* Rashi ; Redak and others, " Before the people," which +means that these waited on the shore till the priests came +up, and passed on before them. + +' Lit. "Armed for the army." + + +JOSHUA IV. V. + + +tip unto the dry land, that the waters of +tlie Jordan retiuiied unto their phxce, and +Howed over all its hanks, as on the preceding +days. + +19 And the people came up out of the Jor- +dan on the tenth day of the iirst month, and +encamped in Gilgal, on the extreme eastern +border of Jericho. + +20 And those twelve stones, which they +had taken out of the Jordan, did Joshua set +up in Gilgah + +21 And he said unto the children of Israel, +thus. When your children shall ask in time +to come their fathers, saying, What mean +these stones? + +22 Then shall ye let your children know, +saying. On dry land did Israel pass over this +Jordan ; + +23 That the Lord your God dried up the +waters of the Jordan from before you, until +ye were passed over, as the Lord your God +did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from +before us. until we were gone over; + +24 In order that all the nations of the +earth may know the hand of the Lord, that +it is mighty ; in order that ye may fear the +Lord your God all the days. + +CHAPTER V. + +1 ^ And it came to pass, when all the +kings of the Emorites, who were on the side +of the Jordan westward, and all the kings of +the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard +that the Lord had dried up the waters of the +Jordan from before the children of Israel, un- +til they were passed over, that their heart melt- +ed, and there remained no more any courage +in them, because of the cliildren of Israel. + +2 ^ At that time the Lord said unto +Joshua, Make thee sharp knives," and circum- +cise aga in' the eh i Idren of Israel the second time . + +3 And Joshua made himself sharp knives, +and circumcised the children of Israel at the +hill of 'Araloth. + +4 And this is the cause why Joshua did +circumcise: All the people that came out of +Egypt, the males, all the men of war, died in +the wilderness on the way, after their going +forth out of Egypt. + + +' Others, " knives of sharp stones." +i.r. Restore circumcision, which had been omitted for +some time. + + +5 For all the people that came out were +circumcised ; but all the people that were born +in the wilderness on the way at their going +forth out of Egypt, they had not circumcised. + +G For during forty years the children of +Israel wandered in the wilderness, till there +was an end of all the peo})le, the men of war, +who were come out of Egypt, who had not +obeyed the voice of the Lord; unto whom the +Lord had sworn that he would not let them +see the land, which the Lord had sworn unto +their fathers that he would give unto us, a +land flowing with milk and honey. + +7 But their children he raised up in their +stead: these did Joshua circumcise; for they +were uncircumcised, because they had not +circumcised them on the way. + +8 And it came to pass, when the whole +people had all been circumcised, that they +abode in their places in the camp till they +were healed. + +9 ^ And the Lord said unto Joshua, This +day have I rolled away the I'eproach of Egypt +from off you. And lie called the name of the +place Gilgal unto this day. + +10 And the children of Israel encamped in +Gilgal, and they prepared the passover-offering +on the fourteenth day of the month at evening +in the plains of Jericho. + +11 And they ate of the corn of the land on +the morrow after the jDassover-offering, un- + +! leavened cakes and parched corn, on the self- + +j same day. + +j 12 And the manna ceased on the morrow + +.after they had eaten of the corn of the land; + +j and the children of Israel had not any more +manna; but they did eat of the product of +the land of Canaan during that year. + +13 ^ And it came to pass, when Joshua +was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and +looked, and, behold, a man was standing over +against him with his sw^ord drawn in his +hand ; and Joshua went unto him, and said +to him, Art thou for us, or for our adversaries? + +14 And he said. No; for I am a captain of +the host of the Lord: now am I come. And +Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and bowed +himself, and said to him, What doth my lord +speak unto his servant? + + +° From hhi ;/