Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: 30 A real issue remains in the fact that it is not always possible to know when facial recognition is being used, since taking selective samplings of data from the images of generic security cameras is also technically feasible. In 2020, students at the University of Miami accused the school’s administration of using facial recognition to identify student protesters in standard footage—a charge that the administration has denied. 31We might also point out that there are differences between the and China in terms of who has voiced dissatisfaction thus far. In the case of University, concern came from online netizens and some of the students themselves. In the American context, where higher education is split between public and private institutions, pushback hitherto has largely come from journalists, activists, and academics who are concerned about the general uses and extensions of this technology. As of today, the University of Southern California, a private institution, is one of the only institutes of higher education in the country that has openly admitted to the institutional use of facial recognition technology within their campus security systems. Upon its launch in 2020, the system sparked some heated campus discussion. 32 For most American students not enrolled at USC, the issue may not yet seem overly pressing. But if students confront enhanced uses of facial recognition on their campuses in the future, there may well be more pushback. Three: Metro SecurityIn 2019, the Government announced plans to roll out facial recognition technology at security entrance checks in metro stations throughout the city, pitched as a way to increase user convenience by reducing lines at security checkpoints. The new protocol would use facial recognition to identify known passengers and divide them into groups based on their social credit rating needing different levels of security checks. The proposal was publicly opposed by 劳东燕, professor of law at Tsinghua University, who called for a more formal legal framework for the implementation of facial recognition technology and the collection of personal data by both the government and private enterprises. In a widely circulated essay, Lao framed her argument in the following terms:Facial recognition involves the collection of biological data that is important for individuals, and relevant organizations or institutions must prove the legality of this practice before collection. …If the arbitrary adoption of internal standards to divide passengers into three, six, or nine classes and apply different security-check measures accordingly is implemented, we have reason to suspect that such a measure violates the principles of equity in the Constitution; it also violates the fundamental right to personal freedom for citizens. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing examples of the use of facial recognition technology in public security settings, such as in metro stations and at the University of Southern California. It discusses the rollout plans for facial recognition technology at metro stations to enhance security and also mentions USC's use of the technology within campus security systems, suggesting that it is indeed becoming more common in various public security contexts.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Data from social media apps are never sold to third-party companies. # questionable [SEP] Text: And if they are commercial or non-profit third parties, or even directly government funded service, does the economics make sense in the long term. We need a shift in science funding if we want to archive and manage data in the longer term. And with any market some services will rise and some will die. The money has to come from somewhere and ultimately that will always be the research funders. Until there is a stronger call from them for data preservation and the resources to back it up I don’t think we will see much interesting development. Some funders are pushing fairly hard in this direction so it will be interesting to see what develops. A lot will turn on who has the responsibility for ensuring data availability and sharing. The researcher? The institution? The funder? In the end you get what you pay for. Always worth remembering that sometimes even things that are free at point of use aren’t worth the price you pay for them. Categoriesmodel, lab book as feed, third party 10 Replies to “Third party data repositories – can we/should we trust them? ” says: February 3, 2009 at 5:16 pm The conversation about this post on Friendfeed can be found here: says: February 3, 2009 at 5:16 pm The conversation about this post on Friendfeed can be found here: says: February 3, 2009 at 7:33 pm Given the apparent catastrophic failure of Ma. gnolia recently ( just being able to get your data out is not enough, you actually have to do it and back up, back up, back up. says: February 3, 2009 at 7:33 pm Given the apparent catastrophic failure of Ma. gnolia recently ( just being able to get your data out is not enough, you actually have to do it and back up, back up, back up. says: February 3, 2009 at 8:05 pm David, absolutely. But that is true whether you are talking about something on the cloud or something under the desk in front of you. The sad truth is that most people do neither. And I’m speaking as someone who hasn’t got time machine working on my new laptop yet as well… But the need for backup is independent of the storage site I think. And good institutional systems are required to enforce (or if you prefer facilitate) good backup systems. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities surrounding funding and data management, implying that there are commercial interests (including potential third-party involvement) affecting data availability and usage. It suggests that the conversation around third parties using data is ongoing and important for understanding data sharing and preservation responsibilities, which directly challenges the assertion that data from social media apps are never sold to third parties.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: When yeast cells attached to the gold microelectrode surface pre-treated with poly-lysine solution were stimulated with the receptor ligand helional it was possible to detect conductiometric changes due to the ionic exchanges resulting from the recognition of the ligand molecule by the olfactory receptor. S. cerevisiae yeasts are more convenient than mammalian cells for olfactory receptor expression since they are much cheaper and easier to cultivate. In addition, S. cerevisiae has been successfully used for functional expression of many G protein coupled receptors including olfactory receptors (Pausch, 1997, Minic et al. , 2005a) which is one of the major difficulties in olfactory sensor development. In addition, yeasts provide a null background for mammalian G protein coupled receptors (Minic et al. , 2005a), thus allowing the correct pharmacological characterisation of receptors. Indeed, specificity, selectivity and dose-response to helional obtained with immobilized yeast carrying OR1740 receptor suggested that this conductiometric biosensor preserves the natural receptor characteristics of odorant recognition (Marrakchi et al. , 2007). It should also be noted that modified yeast cells in solution may serve as a biosensor. Functional similarities between the signal transduction cascade of olfactory receptors in mammalian neurons and the pheromonal response pathway in yeasts allows the development of the yeast cell-based biosensor for odorant screening. Such systems are easily adaptable for a high throughput format (Minic et al. , 2005a). Upon stimulation of the olfactory receptor by its odorant ligands in yeasts engineered to co-express either rat I7 or human OR 17-40 receptor and the mammalian Gα subunit, an activation of a MAP kinase signaling pathway takes place, which induces the synthesis of a functional reporter luciferase (Minic et al. , 2005b). In that way bioluminescence responses are detected upon odorant binding to the receptor. This assay enables the quantitative measurement of receptor activity, or alternately the detection of its odorant ligands. In one previous study yeasts were modified to provide odorant-dependent yeast growth on histidine-deficient or hygromycin-containing medium, respectively (Pajot-Augy et al. , 2003; Minic et al. , 2005a). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding the potential operation of olfactory receptors through quantum effects. Instead, it focuses on functional expression and characterization of olfactory receptors using yeast cells, emphasizing methods for receptor activity measurement and biosensor applications. There's no reference to quantum effects in the operation of olfactory receptors.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: 33人脸识别涉及对个人重要的生物学数据的收集，相关组织或机构在收集之前，必须证明这种做法的合法性……若是任意采取内部标准而将乘客分为三六九等，并据此采取不同的安检举措，我们有理由怀疑，这样的做法违反宪法上的平等原则，也涉嫌侵犯公民的人身自由不受侵犯的基本权利。opposed facial recognition technology within a broader critique of the seemingly endless increase in public security investments and crime prevention measures. Nonetheless, as of March 2021, the system is being rolled out across Beijing as part of a public trial to cut down on wait-times at security checkpoints. Apparently, the government believes that increased convenience for individuals will be the best way to promote the measure. 34It should be pointed out that there is widespread misunderstanding of China’s “social credit system” in the Western press. There exists no uniform credit score or nationwide integrated credit system. Instead, a variety of private point-based metrics and local government systems exist across the country. The government’s goal is to eventually link up successful private pilot programs within a national system that would ideally function as a kind of dual police record and credit score. 35 As conceived in the specific context of the Beijing metro, commuters with clean records would apply for a trial pass online and submit their facial recognition information. The plan would simply allow a fast track in metro security lines for people who have no history of bringing illegal items onto trains. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that facial recognition technology is currently being rolled out across Beijing as part of a public trial to expedite security checkpoints. This indicates that the use of facial recognition software is being integrated into public security measures, supporting the idea that it is becoming common in such contexts.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. # factual [SEP] Text: The inclusion of a reference group without COPD would not have been appropriate since control subjects exposed to physical activity would not have had the opportunity of experiencing the expected effects. We considered the possibility of dyspnoea acting as a confounder since it was not included in the final models, even though its presence was associated with both physical activity and the outcomes. The inclusion of dyspnoea in the regression models did not change the magnitude of the associations between physical activity and COPD admission or mortality (IRR for COPD admission 0. 82, 95% CI 0. 60 to 1. 11; HR for mortality 0. 80, 95% CI 0. 68 to 0. 95), with the magnitude of the potential confounding effect being virtually null. 45 In addition, since dyspnoea could also be an intermediate variable between reduced levels of physical activity and an increased risk of admission or mortality, and as dyspnoea was correlated with physical activity, its inclusion in our multivariate models was avoided. We are currently exploring the applicability of marginal structural models to disentangle the individual effects of physical activity and dyspnoea. 46 It should also be considered whether the group of subjects who reported very low physical activity represent a specific group with an unhealthy lifestyle, which could partially account for an increased risk of COPD admission and mortality. However, multivariate models already included smoking and income as covariates, and the inclusion of alcohol consumption or other sociodemographic factors (education, marital status or cohabitation) did not change the estimates for physical activity (results available from the authors). Other markers of lifestyle such as diet were not available but should be explored in future studies. The lack of a linear dose-response relationship between levels of physical activity and admission to hospital or mortality may cast some doubts on the observed estimates. However, no clear dose-response relationship between physical activity and health related outcomes has been reported for hypertension, obesity, cancer, osteoporosis, quality of life, depression and anxiety, among other disorders. 47 Whether the lack of a clear dose-response association is due to the real lack of a dose-response relationship, a lack of sensitivity in determining the dose of physical activity, or uncontrolled confounders is generally not known. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the lack of a clear dose-response relationship between physical activity and various health outcomes, including COPD admission and mortality. This suggests that the expected health benefits of physical activity, such as reduced risk of chronic diseases, might not be as straightforward as the claim implies, particularly highlighting that multiple confounding factors and the absence of a linear relationship could undermine the assertion that regular physical activity reliably reduces such risks.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Such assays are commonly used by pharmacological laboratories for ligand screenings of non-olfactory G protein coupled receptors. However, luciferase is the more convenient reporter because of its sensitivity, rapidity and easy to perform enzymatic reaction. Using whole cells as biological recognition elements in bioelectronic noses provides the opportunity to elicit full functional information since it necessarily involves the influence of the cellular signaling cascade on sensor response. Whole cell systems have, thus, possible applications in the fields of pharmacology, cell biology, toxicology and environmental measurements (Keusgen, 2002; Bousse, 1996). Advertisement 5. Bioelecronic noses based on partially purified olfactory receptors When analytical information is needed instead of functional information, it is more adequate to use isolated biological molecules as recognition parts in biosensors. This second approach allows developing specific analytical devices for fast routine measurements in many fields of analysis. Moreover, using isolated olfactory receptors instead of whole-cells enables scaling down the biosensors and their convergence with micro- and nano-technologies. The first requirement to develop such bioelectronic noses is the immobilization of receptors in a manner to preserve their function. As mentioned before, olfactory receptors are extremely hydrophobic and require a lipid or detergent environment to maintain their native conformation and function. Usually membrane receptors are expressed in heterologous cells, solubilized and purified in an adequate detergent before being reconstituted in proteoliposomes and immobilized onto the sensor (Minic et al. , 2005c). However, olfactory receptors are poorly expressed in heterologous cells and, so, their purification before reconstitution typically cannot be considered. Consequently, producing lipid vesicles by disturbing the membrane of the cells where receptors have been expressed seems to be a better strategy. In this way, the receptor remains in its native membrane environment which obviates the risk of receptor alternation or activity loss, which may occur when G protein coupled receptors are reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Sung et al. , (2006) coated the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance with crude insoluble membrane extract of E. coli expressing the ODR-10 receptor and examined its interactions with various odorant molecules. They showed linear dose-dependent responses of the piezoelectric biosensor upon the membrane extract stimulation with natural receptor ligand diacetyl. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding olfactory receptors and their potential operation through quantum effects. Instead, it discusses the methods and technologies used in the study and application of olfactory receptors in biosensors and pharmacological assays. Therefore, it is deemed irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: Since most riders fall into this category, any “good social credit” record would essentially serve to keep its holder off of a blacklist of riders with a history of problems, who might be pulled aside for heightened checks. The result is that, although framed as a way to reward good social credit, the facial recognition system would actually function more to punish those with bad social credit. Following her essay about the Beijing metro system, entered the public spotlight again a year later when she circulated posts from the group chat of her residential community, speaking up against the property management company’s decision to roll out facial recognition technology in the access control system for entrances into residential buildings. In discussions with the local community, invoked the Security Standards. This act ultimately led the managers to provide residents the choice to opt into the facial recognition system. Her protest with the property managers was disseminated online through social media and even publicized in some popular media outlets. 36 (3. )Figure 3. Top responses on Weibo to news reports about Dongyan’s protest against uses of facial recognition technology in her residential community. Lao’s standing as a professor of law at Tsinghua University—routinely ranked as China’s best institution of higher education—provided her with a distinct platform to publish and circulate her dissatisfaction with facial recognition. Out of all the cases presented here, Professor Lao’s is in some ways the most unusual, since she directly attacked the use of facial recognition by a municipal government. We understand her circumstance as unique, in that she is a powerful person at a prominent public institution of higher education who framed her critique of a local system as supporting the state by referring to the Constitution and existing law. At the same time, her critique on the metro system had no evident impact in terms of actual policy. This result further confirms both the extent to which the state remains firm on its own uses of facial recognition and the degree to which her essay was deemed unthreatening. Lao was ultimately unsuccessful in contesting the plan for the metro system undertaken by the state, she did manage to change her residential community’s “private” use of the technology on a much smaller scale. For this success, a modest number of Weibo users celebrated her efforts. 37 But we must stress that the use of facial recognition in gated residential complexes is arguably one of the most widespread and broadly popular commercial uses of the technology in China today. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by illustrating the widespread implementation of facial recognition technology, particularly in the context of public security and private residential areas in China. It discusses a specific instance where facial recognition was integrated into the access control system for residential buildings, highlighting its popularity and applicability in public surveillance contexts.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Journal of and : 2572-3278 of of of Supplementation Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Therapy for on of of Figures - Figure 1 Tables - Table 1 050. Original 10. 23937/2572-3278/1510050 "be Thy Medicine": Diet and Supplements in * Digestive and Liver Diseases, Internal Medicine, University of : The purpose of this review is to introduce options of dietary therapies and supplements as treatments for the treatment of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a common condition with heterogeneity in pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Current treatment options are targeted at symptom relief with medications. Dietary therapy for IBS has been poorly studied in the past, however newer evidence suggests the use of certain diets, such as the low (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols) diet, as an intervention in patients with IBS for symptom improvement. Other dietary strategies are frequently tried but lack quality evidence behind their use. Certain supplements, such as fiber, probiotics, and peppermint oil, have also been studied and are favored for use in IBS patients with specific caveats. pain, of therapies and supplements have a role in the management of patients with Syndrome. Current review of the evidence supports use of the Low-diet and soluble fiber supplementation, and cautious use of probiotics in certain patients. bowel syndrome is a condition which is diagnosed based on symptoms defined by the Rome IV criteria. These criteria require the presence of abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Symptoms should be present without a structural cause or any significant warning signs such as bleeding, weight loss or anemia, or nocturnal symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is becoming increasingly common and costly. It is the most commonly diagnosed condition by gastroenterologists, affecting 11% of the world population and 12% of the US population. This condition equates to significant financial burden in healthcare, accounting for almost 6 million prescriptions and $20 billion in healthcare-related costs. All-cause costs have been estimated annually at $11,182 to $13,038 per patient [1]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing that while certain supplements like fiber and probiotics may assist in managing conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), it does not imply that supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs. The text discusses the importance of dietary therapy and evidence suggesting that supplementation should be approached with caution in specific contexts, highlighting that dietary strategies are still necessary and often lack sufficient evidence.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Using a similar set-up but with the rat olfactory receptor I7 specifically captured on a quartz microbalance transducer, et al. , (2006) explored the first step toward the production of a quartz microbalance olfactory sensor. For this, a self-assembled multilayer was grafted onto the sensor surface. It was composed of a mixed MHDA - Biotinyl PE self-assembled monolayer and a biotin-avidin bridge system which allows binding of biotinylated antibodies. In the final step, the receptor specific biotinylated antibody was used to bind a membrane fraction carrying receptor I7 to the quartz crystal. In one recent study, the membrane fraction carrying human olfactory receptor 2AG1 was covalently integrated by amino-link to conducting polymer nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic acid (Yoon et al. , 2009). Nanotubes were then attached to a microelectrode array to create a field-effect transistor, which generated changes in electrical signal when odorant molecules activated the receptor protein. Through the miniaturization of the sensor, the signal was efficiently transferred to the nanotubes due to the covalent attachment. The bound receptor detected a femtomolar concentration of its natural ligand amyl butyrate. Related esters that differ from the ligand molecule by a single carbon atom (butyl and hexyl butyrates), produced no response at a billion times higher concentration. This good selectivity suggests that the receptors remain in good conformational shape after being grafted which is very promising. We developed a surface plasmon resonance bioelectronic nose in our laboratory in Jouy-en-Josas. Small membrane fragments (nanosomes), obtained from cells expressing a given olfactory receptor can be easily immobilized on commercial L1 Biacore sensorchips. We demonstrate that olfactory receptors maintain their activity in such membrane fragments (Vidic et al. , 2006). Since the surface plasma resonance signal is proportional to the molecular weight of the analyte, low-molecular weight molecules, as the majority of odorants, cannot be detected directly by the Biacore3000 system. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly regarding olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Instead, it focuses on the development and functionality of olfactory receptors in a sensor context, and their selectivity when detecting specific odorants. The lack of mention or discussion about quantum effects indicates that the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: In the end, the legitimacy of public uses was again affirmed, and the private uses were not forbidden—only restricted so as to require a degree of buy-in and acceptance from individuals. Four: A Televised ExposéThe “315 Evening Party” is a television event sponsored by Television and the Chinese government that takes place annually on March 15, the date designated by the NGO as Rights Day. The “315” tradition was started in 1991 to draw attention to business practices that harm consumers’ interests. During the 2021 event, the leading issue was the nonconsensual collection of facial information by businesses at retail locations. More than twenty domestic and international brands operating in China, including Kohler, Max Mara, and a BMW-certified car dealership, were found to have surreptitiously installed facial recognition cameras and collected their customers’ data in retail stores across China. Kohler, the American plumbing products company, was the first to be named and shamed during the Evening Party. Anonymous reporters in China had learned from one of its sales directors that facial recognition cameras were used to help the company track individual customer’s visiting history at different retail stores. 38The CCTV exposé emphasized the restrictions laid out in the noncompulsory Security Standards, categorizing facial data as “personal sensitive information,” collection of which requires the subject’s consent in advance. 39 As we have previously seen, many commercial enterprises in China currently employ facial recognition without acquiring such consent, in violation of the guidelines. Party thus served as an opportunity for the government to register popular dissatisfaction with the continued practice alongside support for the policy against it. The particular regulation cited had been updated in October of 2020, and the televised event publicized it as a leadup to the likely adoption of more specific and binding facial recognition laws in 2021. More broadly, the event may be understood as an official signal that private enterprises should be prepared to incorporate heightened data protection and user agreements into their use of facial recognition, as is already mandated or recommended by official state guidelines. (4. )Figure 4. Top responses on Weibo to news reports about the 315 exposés of businesses that illegally collected customers’ facial data. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the increasing use of facial recognition technology in various contexts, particularly in retail environments within China. It highlights that many businesses have installed facial recognition cameras to track customers' visiting history, indicating that such technology is being widely adopted. Furthermore, the mention of guidelines and discussions about facial recognition laws suggests an acknowledgment of its prevalence and significance in public security and business practices.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: The pathogenesis of IBS is multifactorial and heterogeneous among patients with alterations in motility, visceral sensation, the microbiome, brain-gut interaction via the central and enteric nervous systems, mucosal immune function, bile acid metabolism and intestinal permeability. More recent studies have turned attention to the interplay between the microbiome, immune function, gut sensation and motility. The microbiome of IBS patients has a different luminal bacterial composition with fewer Bifidobacteria, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii sp and more Lactobacillaceae, Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae [2,3]. These alterations in the microbiome have effects of increased visceral hypersensitivity with colonic distension in animal models. IBS patients have alterations in immune activation by increased toll-like receptor expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Degradation of tight junction proteins and increased intraepithelial permeability has been observed. This dysbiosis has effects on gut function and is an important player in the pathogenesis of IBS. of the heterogeneity of symptoms and multiple postulated mechanisms of disease, therapeutic options for IBS have been disappointing. Current medications for IBS target certain mechanisms such as motility or secretion or the microbiome. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), these medications offer therapeutic gains ranging from only 8-20% over placebo, making maybe less than ½ of patients better (Table 1). Table 1: Current FDA-for IBS. 1 A significant portion of patients turn to self-directed care or use "alternative" medicines for their symptoms. Nutritional components of food have been used medicinally for thousands of years. Hippocrates, the father of modern western medicine, was quoted: "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food". Medicines derived from foods or plants have become more widely available especially with online shopping and increase in health food stores. These alternative therapies such as probiotics and supplements, or medical foods are not regulated by the Food and (FDA). They are not held to the rigorous standards in clinical trials, lending to variability among trial results. Current dietary studies have been largely of poor quality with small size, lack of blinding and randomization, and significant bias. More recently certain diets and supplements have gained some momentum in research studies in IBS. Increase in dietary fiber has been recommended by physicians for IBS for decades. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that while some individuals turn to supplements and alternative therapies for IBS, these are not regulated by the FDA and are not held to the rigorous standards of clinical trials. This suggests that such supplements may not effectively meet all nutritional needs, supporting the assertion that supplements alone cannot fulfill dietary requirements.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: To overcome this problem, we took advantage of the presence of G protein in the nanosomes to monitor receptor activation by an odorant, through the departure of the Gα subunit from the preparation (Vidic et al. , 2006). The same bell-shaped concentration-dependence responses were obtained as in a whole cells, in terms of threshold concentration and concentration at the maximum, which gives evidence that this receptor functional response in the living cell indeed arises from its own behavior upon odorant stimulation, with no artefactual contribution from the cellular transduction pathway. As assessed by surface plasmon, resonance responses monitoring olfactory receptors efficiently discriminate between odorant ligands and unrelated odorants. This system can fruitfully serve to evaluate the comparative coupling efficiency of olfactory receptors to various Ga protein subunits, without the interference of cellular contribution (Vidic et al. , 2006). Furthermore, this new bioelectronic nose can be applied for the fundamental investigation of molecular mechanisms of olfaction. Indeed, it is assumed that the first event in peripheral olfactory detection involves at least 3 partners: olfactory receptor, odorants and olfactory binding protein (OBP). Whole yeast cell expressing an olfactory receptor cannot be applied for investigation of receptor-OBP interaction because their cell wall impairs OBP penetration. However, a bioelectronic nose based on nanosome expression of a given olfactory receptor was successively applied for characterization of this three-partner reaction (Vidic et al. , 2008). Interestingly, such a study showed that the presence of OBP enhanced odorant detection sensitivity of the device. Advertisement 6. SPOT-NOSED prototype of olfactory nanobiosensor In 2003, the European project SPOT-NOSED began with the aim to develop nanobiosensors based on single olfactory receptors anchored between nanoelectrodes, in order to mimic the performances of a natural olfactory system. The next step was to create arrays of nanobiosensors that could then increase odorant sensitivity and/or widen the odorant detection spectrum. For this, two model receptors, rat I7 and human OR 17-40, were expressed in S. cerevisiae yeast (Minic et al. , 2005a). Then, lipidic nanosomes bearing the olfactory receptors were prepared from the yeast. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Instead, it discusses the use of a bioelectronic nose and the sensitivity of olfactory receptors in response to odorants without any mention of quantum mechanics or related phenomena.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: Out of all the cases profiled in this study, this particular incident received the most online attention, with 19,512 “likes” for the top Weibo comment: “This kind of technology—can’t we use it for solving the trafficking of women and children? ” This comment is worth considering for a moment. It perfectly captures how public suspicion of the private, commercial applications of facial recognition technology coincides with and even seems to contribute to support for state “security” uses. As previously mentioned, the “315 Evening Party” is a state-sponsored televised event, and the public shaming of high-profile commercial enterprises drew a large and energetic audience. While a single comment cannot be taken as conclusive proof of broad trends, we might consider the possibility that the state plays a role in shaping the terms of debate through a carefully curated and sustained dialogue with popular opinion. The state appears to direct attention to private, commercial abuses of the technology while legitimatizing its own relatively unchecked use of it. This feedback loop ultimately works to support state action by aligning it with popular opinion against private bad actors who do not follow appropriate procedures. That said, it is worth pointing out that and FaceFirst have all been sued in US courts for their collection and analyses of facial data. 40 Many of these companies are actively fighting these lawsuits, and there is little evidence as of yet that the financial burden of this litigation has significantly changed their behavior, though it might in the future with additional regulation. It may well be that political motives galvanized the organizers of the “315 Evening Party” to call out a number of prominent foreign firms operating in the country. That does not mean the accusations against these companies were false; in all likelihood, they were accurate. Suing IBM in the and running a television story on BMW in China may in fact have a similar function, namely, publicly shaming companies with the aim to draw a wider audience’s attention to privacy issues and change corporate behavior. ConclusionsIt must be emphasized that these four cases do not represent a full view of the Chinese public’s views of facial recognition technologies. Like the quantitative use of small-batch anonymous surveys, our qualitative approach merely seeks to provide a snapshot of a complex and ever-changing landscape. Methodological challenges remain, due especially to limitations in the public record. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how public attention and discourse around facial recognition technology are influenced by state-sponsored events that underline its use in security contexts. For instance, the comment about using the technology for solving the trafficking of women and children reflects a societal recognition of facial recognition's application in public security. The text notes the state's role in shaping the narrative around facial recognition, suggesting that its use is becoming accepted in public security due to such organized discussions and events.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Fiber has effects on colonic secretions, motility, and the microbiome. Soluble fiber mixes with water creating a gel-like matter which is digested by bacteria and improves stool viscosity. Insoluble fiber increases stool volumes. Fiber supplementation has been adopted into practice, however studies on fiber use had poor methodology and high risk of bias. To date, there have been 15 RCTs of fiber use in IBS in 1048 patients which showed significant effect in global symptoms [4]. There was a statistically significant benefit for use of ispaghula or psyllium compared to placebo. Bran, which is an insoluble fiber, had no significant effect in IBS symptom relief. Soluble fibers such as psyllium or wheat dextran or acacia, is a reasonable low-cost intervention and recommended for patients with Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and in the gut microbiome contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS, which is also supported by symptoms of IBS developing after an infection, known as post-infectious IBS. This raises the question whether using agents to alter the microbiome improves IBS symptoms. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have emerged as agents which modify the microbiome for benefit to the host. Probiotics are live microorganisms which may confer health benefit. Prebiotics are the substrates which are utilized by the present gut microorganisms which essentially feed the microbiome. Synbiotics are a mixture of substrates (prebiotics and live organisms) which would act synergistically to promote the growth of certain beneficial organisms. There have been 18 new RCTs assessing efficacy of probiotics in IBS in the past 5 years alone [5]. Two RCTs of the prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharide versus placebo reported no significant difference in IBS symptoms with prebiotic use. One study evaluating a high-dose and low-dose prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide showed significant improvement in overall symptoms and no change in abdominal pain. The two RCTs of synbiotic use in IBS were conducted in Italy and S Korea with both trials showing positive results without statistically significant effect in reducing symptoms. Based on the current evidence, probiotics are cautiously recommended for the improvement of symptoms, particularly bloating and flatulence, in IBS patients. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations and varying effectiveness of fiber and probiotic supplements specifically in relation to treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). It mentions that while fiber supplements have been adopted, existing studies have methodological issues and high risk of bias. Moreover, it indicates that probiotics and prebiotics have emerged as agents that can modify the gut microbiome for health benefits, but their effectiveness is also variable, as seen from the results of recent RCTs reported in the text. This supports the idea that supplements cannot solely fulfill nutritional needs, as their efficacy depends on the context and the individual.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Nanosomes are small vesicles (50-100 nm in diameter). They can be obtained by cell disruption, purification of membrane microsomes and then by size homogenization and miniaturization of microsomes by extensive sonication (Vidic et al. , 2006; Casuso et al. , 2008). Each of this nanometric vesicular structure was shown to contain one or few receptors of the given type (Casuso et al. , 2008; Vidic et al. , 2007). The maintenance of nanosome homogeneity in the solution suggested that they can be used as a recognition part in an elementary nanobioelectronic sensor (Casuso et al. , 2008; Vidic et al. , 2006; Gabriel et al, 2006). Next, surface plasmon resonance was performed on nanosomes for quantitative evaluation of olfactory receptor responses to odorant stimulation. These tests strongly suggested that olfactory receptors in nanosomes retain their full activity (Vidic et al. , 2006) since they discriminated between odorant ligand and unrelated odorants, as previously shown in whole yeast cells with a reporter gene (Vidic et al. , 2006; Vidic et al. , 2008). This finding led to the use of nanosomes in nanobiosensor fabrication. Nanoelectrodes were fabricated using conventional photolithography and focused ion beam milling, with sizes in adequation with the nanosomes. In order to optimize nanosome functional immobilization on them, several immobilization methods were checked on mili- and micrometric scale. Functional responses were observed when nanosomes were simply adsorbed on the hydrophobic surface (Hou et al. , 2006; Vidic et al. , 2006; Benilova et al. , 2008; Vidic et al. , 2007) or when the receptor was captured by its specific antibody previously grafted to the sensor surface (Hou et al. , 2006; Benilova et al. , 2008). To further determinate optimal surface orientation of the receptor, various tagged OR17-40 were produced in yeast. The intensity of the specific response was particularly enhanced when nanosomes were captured via an antibody to the tag attached to the receptor C-terminal (Vidic et al. , 2007). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Instead, it discusses the characterization of nanosomes and their application in sensing olfactory receptor responses to odorants, without mentioning any quantum mechanical principles or effects.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: We have no indication of the particular experience of Uyghurs with facial recognition technology, for instance, and we have relied largely on internet users for a country where approximately three hundred million or more people still lack regular access — though that number is rapidly decreasing. 41 To be clear, even a post “liked” nearly forty thousand times represents a small drop in the bucket for a country of 1. 4 billion citizens. Furthermore, the situation is constantly changing. Anecdotally, several colleagues working in Chinese academia and industry have suggested to us that public support for the use of facial recognition for a range of uses may have increased in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. We must stress too that all four cases profiled above occurred in urban settings, and over 80 percent of the respondents to one of aforementioned surveys were college graduates. More research is needed into class divides. For instance, while facial recognition technologies have been deployed in Chinese factories to replace access cards and document work hours, there has been little discussion over how the rollout of facial recognition technologies in factories may infringe on workers’ rights. 42 These four case studies should be understood as only an incomplete window into public perceptions, reactions, and debates concerning facial recognition technology in the country today. Tentatively, we suggest that the central government may be monitoring the adoption of facial recognition technology in the commercial sector as a way to gauge the public’s reception of these technologies wholesale. Even though the bounds of what exactly constitutes “public” space is debated and negotiated case-by-case, there is a clear regulatory difference in the country between security uses of facial recognition technology by the state—which are largely not debated in online forums—and commercial uses by enterprises such as Alibaba or housing complexes, which are. That said, this divide is sometimes hard to discern, as seen in the past year, when government agencies outsourced the development of public service health code apps that involved facial data collection to the major technology firms Tencent and Alibaba. 43 There are further regulatory differences between large “private” enterprises that are required to forge close ties to the state apparatus and smaller private enterprises, like a wildlife park or a car dealership, which operate locally. And, in the spaces between, the relationship between some organizations, like a housing management company, and the local branches of state authority are not always entirely clear. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that facial recognition technologies have been deployed in various settings including public security. It mentions the potential increase in public support for the use of facial recognition following the Covid-19 pandemic and discusses the regulatory landscape surrounding its use by both the state and commercial enterprises, which suggests a broader adoption of the technology in public settings.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: They are trying different strategies to manage their symptoms and doing this without any medical guidance. A survey of 1500 Gastroenterologists across the US found that 50% of patients try a form of exclusion diet based on food triggers, and a ¼ of patients have tried a gluten-free diet (GFD) [8]. Dietary modification is ubiquitous and commonplace in clinical practice. Based on patients keep food diaries or trial exclusion diets based on triggers. When rechallenged with the foods they perceive as triggers, the majority of patients do not report exacerbation of symptoms. Certain commercially available tests are based on gut immune activation to specific foods and claim to identify food intolerances, however these tests are not validated. The tests can be quite costly (up to $1000 per panel) with poor coverage by commercial providers. IgG-based food allergy panel testing is frequently requested by patients and performed with insufficient data to support this practice. Food-related IgG4 testing is also available, but only indicates repeated exposure to foods, and does not indicate allergy, intolerance, nor hypersensitivity. IgG or IgG4 Food-allergy testing is not recommended by the GI and Allergy societies. Exclusion diet based on leukocyte antibody testing (LAT) of peripheral blood or the ALCAT test was studied in one trial in IBS patients. Fifty-eight patients randomized to an exclusion diet based on LAT or sham diet reported improvement in symptoms, however no significant difference was seen in overall quality of life and adequate relief of symptoms [9]. These results spark interest in immune activation in IBS and larger studies are needed. patients attribute their symptoms to milk or dairy intolerance. This self-reported intolerance does not correlate with objective evidence of malabsorption, such as hydrogen breath testing. Older poor-quality trials reported robust symptom response to lactose restriction. This response may be a consequence of lactase deficiency, yet a study providing lactase supplementation to IBS patients did not show improvement of their symptoms [10]. There are no blinded or controlled trials which show benefit for lactose restriction. Hence there is no high-quality evidence to support use of lactose restriction in IBS patients. Some patients attribute their IBS symptoms to gluten or wheat ingestion. Attention to gluten-related conditions, including and gluten intolerance or allergy, has increased dramatically, reflecting the marked growth of the gluten-free food industry. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various dietary modifications and approaches related to managing gastrointestinal symptoms, focusing on exclusion diets and food intolerances. It does not address the claim regarding supplements fulfilling nutritional needs, nor does it provide any evidence or information that supports or contrasts with it. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Strikingly, capturing the OR 1740 receptor via its tag attached to the N-terminus abolished functional responses upon odorant ligand stimulation. This probably originates from steric hindrances to the odorant binding due to the immobilization of the receptor N-terminus. Thus, in the final device configuration, nanosomes bearing olfactory receptors tagged on their C-terminal were specifically immobilized onto conducting substrates via a self assembled monolayer containing biotinyl groups. Biotinyl groups were used to attach neutravidin and specific anti-tag antibodies to allow receptor specific grafting (Hou et al. , 2006; Vidic et al. , 2007; Benilova et al. , 2008). The process was optimized by microcontact printing, and the anchored nanovesicles were visualized by Microscopy (Vidic et al. , 2007, Casuso et al. , 2008). Positive and negative elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane stamps were replicated from silicon-based molds elaborated using deep reactive ion etching. Pattering was performed by inking procedures of the stamps after hydrophilization with oxygen plasma in order to ensure correct surface coverage. Finally a direct electrochemical impedancemetric spectroscopy method can be employed to directly detect electrical changes produced by olfactory receptor conformational change induced by odorant binding (Hou et al. , 2006; Benilova et al. , 2008; Minic et al. , 2006a, Gomila et al. , 2006). The same method was successfully employed to characterize each step of electrode functionalization and nanosome grafting. For nano-scale measurements a transimpedance preamplifier suited for low-noise wide-bandwidth measurements was designed and fabricated to be directly connected to the nanoelectrodes. Also, a friendly interface with a specific odorant identification algorithm was developed. The biolectronic nose prototype developed during the Spot-Nosed project has shown the feasibility of an olfactory nanobioelectrical sensor. Miniaturization of structures allows integration of many sensors into arrays that may mime the animal nose and may be suitable for the screening of natural and chemical odorants as well as their combinatorial libraries. Advertisement 7. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address or provide any information related to the claim about olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Instead, it focuses on the technical aspects of olfactory receptor immobilization and detection methods, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition software is becoming common in public security. [SEP] Text: Indeed, the central government under Xi’s direction has not shied away from measures that highlight the legal system and continue a long trend toward the routinization of legal proceedings, and it seems likely that facial recognition technology will soon be taken more formally into account. 44 Law maintains a high level of sociopolitical prestige in China, and it is not quite accurate to say that the law simply exists as a top-down tool of control—though it is used in that way as well. It is remarkable that most of the opponents of specific applications of facial recognition technologies mentioned here invoked existing national laws or regulatory standards to make their points. But given the decades-long history of the development of facial recognition technologies in China, the relative lack of firm and clear regulations governing private applications of the technology through 2020 is striking. This lacuna is likely intentional. Facial recognition represents a rapidly shifting landscape—both technologically and in the court of public opinion—and the state is shaping new laws as it learns more. In some ways, the situation in China is not dissimilar to those in Europe and North America. Comprehensive legal regulations for the acquisition and use of facial data remain very much a work in progress across these regions. The unannounced collection of facial data by researchers has occurred in both China and the West, and private companies have been named and shamed for their uses of the technology in violation of personal privacy across the board. The fact that proposed and enacted laws in China and elsewhere are now seeking to ensure that consent is obtained before mining facial data is further indication that in China, Europe, and the United States, collection without consent is likely already taking place. While the scope of debate may differ among the countries, the overarching regulatory problems these countries are facing are similar in part because they are all responding to the same rapidly evolving situation on the ground. The invocation of law by both the Chinese state and popular commentators is important for another reason. While we often conceive of the law as a tool to codify existing ethical norms, law can also be employed to box out uneasy ethical questions from the scope of discussion. The successful cases presented against facial recognition technology presented here generally did not appeal to the morality or immorality of the technology, but rather to precise claims rooted in the Chinese state’s own codes and regulations. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how facial recognition technology is likely to be taken more formally into account within the legal system in China. It mentions the trend towards routinization of legal processes and highlights the ongoing discussions regarding facial recognition technology and its applications. The reference to the legal landscape adapting to the technology indicates an increasing prevalence in public safety measures.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Perhaps gut microbiota composition or VOC profiling may develop as tools to identify response to dietary restriction, however further studies are necessary. Implementation and adherence to the diet can be an arduous task for many patients. Removal of dairy products, wheat products, certain fruits and vegetables and sweeteners can make food options quite limited. Physicians lack the time and sometimes the expertise in counseling patients on diet modifications. Referral to a dietician is recommended when feasible. If the dietician visit is not covered by insurance, patients can use online support and even apps such as the app to identify foods. Recipe books and blogs by registered dieticians are available online which can guide patients on meal preparation. diet has been viewed by gastroenterologists as a primary strategy for therapy in IBS. Many GIs consider the diet as effective, if not better, than current medical treatments. College of Gastroenterology has recommended a low diet for a limited time in the guidelines for management of IBS for overall symptom improvement based on the current available data. They recommended against the use of gluten-free diet or exclusion diets based on antibody or leukocyte activation testing [16]. Personalized dietary modification, i. e. gluten or wheat avoidance or diet based on testing, still needs further study. How to identify patients with higher likelihood of response to dietary therapy is also an area of growing interest. Dietary strategies for the management of IBS are becoming more evidence-based than in earlier practice and a primary strategy for therapy in IBS, similar to other chronic disease conditions such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Conflict of is to acknowledge that Neha Patel, MD has disclosed that she does not have any financial interests or other relationships with commercial concerns related directly or indirectly to this journal. Sources of None. 460. Hai-Ning Liu, Hao Wu, Yu-Zhuo Chen, Yan-Jie Chen, Xi-Zhong Shen, et al. (2017) Altered molecular signature of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients compared with healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis 49: 331-337. (2019) Gut microbiota in Patients with irritable bowel syndrome-a systematic review. Gastroenterology 157: 97-108. (2015) The role of fiber supplementation in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 27: 1002-1010. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the complexity of dietary management and the role of dieticians in dietary modifications for patients, indicating that supplements alone may not suffice for a balanced diet. It discusses the limitations of food options when certain dietary restrictions are imposed and suggests the need for further study in personalized dietary modifications. This implies that a balanced diet cannot solely rely on supplements, as proper dietary management requires professional guidance and consideration of various food sources.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: now, no commercially available bioelectronic nose based on olfactory receptors has existed but they can be expected in the future thanks to the strong demand and a constant progress made in the field. Feasibility of bioelectronic noses based on olfactory receptors has been demonstrated. The next step is to assemble devices with an autosampler, electronic data acquisition and an odorant identification algorithm. Significant advances in bioelectronic nose fabrication are constantly being made. The development of sensor technology incorporating natural olfactory receptors provides the basis for a bioelectronic nose mimicking the animal olfactory system. Such devices can be used for qualitative and quantitative identification and monitoring of a spectrum of odorants with much higher selectivity and sensibility than the present electronic devices. Thanks to the natural combinatorial olfactory code these new bioelectronic noses should provide a platform for fingerprinting of complex mixture of odorants. I am currently involved in a research project that is developing an olfactory nanobiosensor array based on immobilized nanosomes carring olfactory receptors in order to mimic the animal nose (BOND, European project). 1. Benilova I. Chegel V. I. Ushenin Y. V. Vidic J. Soldatkin A. P. Martelet C. Pajot E. Jaffrezic-Renault N. 2008 Stimulation of human olfactory receptor 17-40 with odorants probed by surface plasmon resonance. Journal, Jul;37(6), 807-814. 2. Bousse L. 1996 Whole cell biosensors. B34 270 275. 3. Buck L. B. 2004 Olfactory receptors and odor coding in mammals. Nutritional Review, Nov;62(11 Pt 2):S184 8 discussion S224-41. 4. Casuso I. Pla-Roca M. Gomila G. Samitier J. Minic J. Persuy M. A. Salesse R. Edith-Augy Pajot. 2008 Immobilization of olfactory receptors onto gold electrodes for electrical biosensor. and Engineering: C, Jul; 28(5-6), 686 691. 5. Firestein S. 2001 How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. Nature, Sep 13;413(6852), 211 8. 6. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the development and feasibility of bioelectronic noses based on olfactory receptors, including advances in sensor technology. However, it does not mention or provide evidence related to quantum effects in relation to olfactory receptors. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim regarding quantum effects.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain technology is being tested for secure voting systems. [SEP] Text: of & Technology (IJERT) of & Technology (IJERT) Mission & Board Peer-as for – 2023-2024 (APC) Register as 06 (June 2020)Implementation of System using Blockchain DOI : 10. 17577/9IS060974 Download Full-Text PDF Cite this 2020, Implementation of System using & (IJERT) Issue 06 (June 2020), 4. 0 of System using of of Engineering and Research Pune, India AbstractIt is very challenging to build a secure voting system that offers fairness and privacy of current voting schemes. In this implementation paper, we evaluate an application of blockchain as a service to implement distributed electronic voting systems. Our objective is to provide a decentralized architecture to run and support a voting scheme that is open, fair, and independently verifiable. Our proposed solution implements the protocol which achieves fundamental e-voting properties as well as offer a degree of decentralization and allow for the voter to change/update their vote and the experimental result shows that our proposed solution is beneficial for the existing and upcoming voting system. Keywords Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; SHA-3; E- Voting; Decentralized. 1. fair and Transparent election is need for today's society according to the today's social environment. The current ballot system does not offer transparency in counting of votes. There are several threats of voting frauds, like fake voters, frauds in the polling booths etc. So, this need for establishment of secure decentralized fraud less, voting system came into existence. Decentralized voting system using blockchain can overcome all the issues in traditional voting systems. Blockchain provides various properties due to its decentralized ledger technology. Blockchain is a decentralized computational and information sharing platform which enables multiple authority domain who do not trust on each other but they cooperate and collaborate in certain decision making process. Blockchain uses add and append only strategy. We cannot delete the existing data in blockchain. Blockchain uses peer to peer network systems. Blockchain is a chain of blocks and it include all the information of user through distributed ledger technology. The concept of block interconnection was evaluated from Merkle tree by Ralph Merkle. Every node is labeled with a cryptographic hash of a block data. Thereby a non-leaf node is labeled with a cryptographic hash of labels of child nodes. As all the blocks are connected to each other,any change in blockchain can be easily detected. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the implementation of blockchain technology in developing a secure voting system. It states that the research evaluates an application of blockchain as a service for electronic voting systems, aiming to provide a decentralized architecture that is open, fair, and independently verifiable. This aligns directly with the claim that blockchain technology is being tested for secure voting.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Limiting animal protein to 0–2 servings and one serving of dairy (as a source of calcium). Consumption of red meat, saturated fats and processed foods is not encouraged and recommended to consume only sparingly. Moderate consumption of wine is now recognized as part of this diet. 2. 9 Protein sparing modified dietCombination of low carbohydrate ketogenic diet and very low calorie diet. Patients prescribed this diet are started off on a very low calorie diet (800 calories/day) for the first six months and then the calories are increased gradually. At the beginning carbohydrate intake is limited to 20-50 g/day with 1. 2–1. 5 g/Kg of proteins [19]. Successful in weight loss and lowering HbA1C and fasting glucose. However, there is a low adherence rate among patients and they may increase weight regain quickly [10]. 2. 10 Vegetarian and vegan dietBoth vegetarian and vegan diets are centered around cereal, fruits, vegetables, legume and nuts. However, vegetarian diets may include dairy products and/or eggs. It reduced body weight, but reduction of HbA1C was not significant. There is very little research on the long term effects of these diets. And it is known that patients on these diets may lack in essential nutrients [10]. 2. 11 High protein dietA major portion of the calories in this diet is protein with 30% of energy from proteins. Weight loss occurred with females losing total fat and abdominal fat mass. But total lean mass also decreased. Although it improved glucose control and decreased HbA1C (0. 28%) [20]. Low fat cottage cheese, cheese tofu, red meat, chicken, peanut butter, fish and lentils were some of the constituents of this diet. Diet should be individualized and patients must account for cardiometabolic risk and renal profile, long term effects are not known [10]. 2. 12 Other dietsBased on the knowledge about the effects of different macronutrients on circulating glucose levels many other popular diets have been introduced. These diets have not been studied using controlled trials so the outcomes are not authenticated. These diets include the Paleo diet, Atkins diet/keto diet, Nutrisystems etc. They are all focused on weight loss. It is important to account for the different macro and micronutrients on maintaining normal metabolism in the body. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing information on various diets and their potential nutritional deficiencies. For instance, it states that patients on vegetarian and vegan diets may 'lack in essential nutrients,' implying that relying solely on supplements would not suffice to meet all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. Furthermore, it highlights that many popular diets have not been studied adequately and may not provide comprehensive nutritional benefits, which undermines the notion that supplements alone can fulfill dietary requirements.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Gomila G. Casuso I. Errachid A. Ruiz O. Pajot E. Minic J. Gorojankina T. Persuy M. A. Aioun J. Salesse R. Bausells J. Villanueva G. Rius G. Hou Y. Jaffrezic N. Pennetta C. Alfinito E. Akimov V. Reggiani L. Ferrari G. et al. 2006 Advances in the production, immobilization, and electrical characterization of olfactory receptors for olfactory nanobiosensor development. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 28Jul; 116(1-2), 66-71. 7. Harper W. J. 2001 The strengths and weaknesses of the electronic nose. In: of Food and Flavors: Theory and Practice, edited by Rouseff & Cadwallader. / Plenum Publishers, New York. 8. Hou Y. Jaffrezic-Renault N. Martelet C. Zhang A. Minic-Vidic J. Gorojankina T. Persuy M. A. Pajot-Augy E. Salesse R. Akimov V. Reggiani L. Pennetta C. Alfinito E. Ruiz O. Gomila G. Samitier J. Errachid A. 2007 A novel detection strategy for odorant molecules based on controlled bioengineering of rat olfactory receptor I7. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. Feb 15;22(7), 1550-1555. 9. Keusgen M. 2002 Biosensors: new approaches in drug discovery. Naturwissenschaften. 89 433 444. 10. Lee J. Y. Ko H. J. Lee S. H. Park T. H. 2006 Cell-based measurement of odorant molecules using surface Plasmon resonance, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, July3;39(3), 375 380. 11. Liu Q. Cai H. Xu Y. Li Y. Li R. Wang P. 2006 Olfactory cell-based biosensor: a first step towards a neurochip of bioelectronic nose. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, Aug 15;22(2), 318 322. 12. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text lists various studies and advancements related to olfactory receptors, but it does not mention or support the claim regarding olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain technology is being tested for secure voting systems. [SEP] Text: To carry out a national election certain e voting system should ensure many of the security requirements. Prof. Department of of Engineering and Research Pune, can be listed as voting system should not be traceable The voting system should ensure whether the voters vote was counted & proof of vote should be provided. Voting system should not enable single entity to control systems. Only eligible individuals are allowed to participate in voting. system should not be expensive. Depending on the role election system should provide limited access to participants. The use of blockchain Technology in E-Voting system can meet all the above needs as a blockchain is tamper proof and non- alterable. Fig 1: features of Blockchain : of Typically it consist of two models : Administration module is made for the authorized person or admin of the organization. Admin has ability to handle the every function of the voter and the Candidate. can perform the functions such as Insertion of the name, Deletion of the name, updating the name and the authority to carry out the voting procedure. Admin will able to see if someone tampered the vote and he will take necessary action against it. or In this module User or voter will able to see the names of all electing Candidates and vote the candidate. proposed blockchain system we used ECC cryptography to provide security in the system. ECC cryptography contains a key pairs of two parts: (i) public key and (ii) private key. The public key is shared among everyone where anyone can view all the public details in the network. It is strongly tied with the private key for security purposes. These keys are helpful for encryption and decryption process. A private key is similar to a password and is linked with a public key. Private key is not publicly available to everyone and is not shared with anyone in order to provide security to an account. It is kept secret and known only to the account holder. The private key is used to provide authenticity actions for accounts. Unlike with normal account, to access and know the account details, or to take any important action, one must use the private key at the receiver end which is known to receiver only so that security can be provided to an account using ECC algorithm. In the graphic below one can see how public key and private key pairs work, when sender is sending a message to receiver. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of blockchain technology in e-voting systems. It mentions that blockchain is tamper-proof and non-alterable, addressing several security requirements needed for a voting system. The description of how blockchain, coupled with ECC cryptography, enhances the security of the voting process supports the assertion that blockchain technology is specifically being tested and applied in secure voting contexts.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Therefore, a carbohydrate free or a fat free diet or vegan diet can be very deleterious to health, unless there is a balance in the nutrient intake. 2. 12. 1 Paleo dietPaleo diet also referred to as the Hunter-Gatherer diet or diet became popular as the evolution of human diets was recognized from simple diets to complex highly processed diets in the modern world. diet simulates diet eaten by the humans who were hunters and collected food that was readily available in nature like meat (mainly lean), organ meats, fish, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds [21]. This diet is reported to improve insulin resistance and showed significant decrease in HbA1C, body weight and BMI is a small clinical trial [22, 23]. The main issues with this diet is that patients have low vitamin D and calcium [24]. 2. 12. 2 Atkins/keto dietdiet was promoted by Dr. Atkins, a cardiologist and recommended a low carbohydrate with high protein and fat diet. There are several modifications now available and are referred to as Keto diet. This diet shifts the energy needs of the body from carbohydrate to fats, therefore, The diet includes sources of high fat content like butter, nuts and cream [25]. The low carbohydrate diet recommends the use of 100 g/d of carbohydrates with 50–60% fat and 20–30% protein and the very low carbohydrate diet recommends <50 g/d of carbohydrates. Weight loss, low insulin levels, deceased hunger are some of the benefits reported [26, 27]. In T1DM patients the carbohydrate levels have to be adjusted to the insulin levels to maintain post prandial glucose levels and reduce hypoglycemia [28]. The preferred source of energy in the body is glucose, restricting this macronutrient forces the body to use fats for energy production. Unfortunately, when this happens many ketone bodies are produced and this is deleterious to the metabolism especially in the long run. 2. 12. 3 NutrisystemsA meal plan for losing weight was proposed by Nutrisystems. This diet is customized to individuals for three meals and snacks per day. These diets are balanced and claims to be easy to prepare. The foods used are low glycemic carbohydrates, high fiber and lean proteins with no artificial sweeteners or flavors. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various diet types and their potential deficiencies, such as low vitamin D and calcium in the Paleo diet, suggesting that solely relying on one type of dietary approach or supplements may lead to imbalances and health issues. This implies that a comprehensive dietary strategy, rather than dependence on supplements alone, is necessary for fulfilling nutritional needs.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: Lu M. Echeverri F. Moyer B. D. 2003 Endoplasmic reticulum retention, degradation, and aggregation of olfactory G-protein coupled receptors. Traffic, Jun;4(6), 416-433. 13. Marrakchi M. Vidic J. Jaffrezic-Renault N. Martelet C. Pajot-Augy E. 2007 A new concept of olfactory biosensor based on interdigitated microelectrodes and immobilized yeasts expressing the human receptor OR17-40, Journal,. Nov;36(8), 1015-1018. 14. McClintock T. S. Sammeta N. 1901 Trafficking prerogatives of olfactory receptors. Neuroreport. Aug 26;14(12), 1547-1552. 15. Minic J. Sautel M. Salesse R. Pajot-Augy E. 2005a Yeast system as a screening tool for pharmacological assessment of g protein coupled receptors, Chemistry, Jan;12(8), 961 969. 16. Minic J. Persuy M. A. Godel E. Aioun J. Connerton I. Salesse R. Pajot-Augy E. 2005b Functional expression of olfactory receptors in yeast and development of a bioassay for odorant screening. ; 272(2,)524-537. 17. Minic J. Grosclaude J. Aioun J. Persuy M. A. Gorojankina T. Salesse R. Pajot-Augy E. Hou Y. Helali S. Jaffrezic-Renault N. Bessueille F. Errachid A. Gomila G. Ruiz O. Samitier J. 2005c Immoblisation of native membrane-bound rhodopsin on biosensor surfaces. Biochimica and Biophysica Acta, 1724 324 332. 18. Mombaerts P. 2004 Genes and ligands for odorant, vomeronasal and taste receptors. Neuroscience, Apr;5(4), 263-278. 19. Pajot-Augy E. Crowe M. Levasseur G. Salesse R. Connerton I. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text presents a list of references related to olfactory receptors and their functionality but does not provide any information or evidence that supports or refutes the claim regarding olfactory receptors operating through quantum effects. Therefore, it is categorized as irrelevant.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain technology is being tested for secure voting systems. [SEP] Text: Initially the sender encrypts the message with the public key of the receiver and then sends encrypted message to the receiver safely, on the other side when this encrypted message reaches to the receiver then the receiver receives this message and decrypts that using the private key of the sender which is known to receiver only. In this way security is provided to the message using ECC cryptography. Fig 2: Public and Private key Encryption and Decryption process this system we have used decentralize network in order to store voting data in the form of blocks. Blocks are interconnected with each other to creating the chain of voting records. In the proposed system the blockchain is used for security purpose and also we have created different levels of trusted contacts. If the higher authority allows the data to get stored in blocks then only it will be store in the blockchain database. Once the data gets stored it cannot be tamper as blockchain is so much securated. The blocks will contain the information as : username, previous hash value, timestamp. The block is one transaction of blockchain, which will broadcast in the whole system when it gets verify. Whenever new block is authenticated by the system, block is added at end of the blockchain with help of hash value and this structure is looks like LinkedList. This sequence of blockchain goes on increasing as the blocks get added. The primary block in the blockchain is called as the Genesis Block. It has value as zero for previous block because genesis block does not have any previous block. The next block will have the hash value of the previous block and this way the process of adding blocks in the system take place. Fig 3 :4: algorithms for processing our proposed work are as follows. ECC(Cryptography) Generation: from Crypto. PublicKey import ECC key= ECC. generate(curve='P-256') private_key=key. export_key(format='PEM') print(private_key) public_key=key. public_key(). export_key(format="PEM") print(public_key) This will give 256 bit key pair which is of PEM(Mail) format. SHA3_256,DSS algoritm: SHA(Algorithm) is used for generating hash value. It is better than MD5 algorithm because when hash value generated from data using SHA it is not possible to get original data from that. SO it is secured. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of blockchain technology in secure voting systems. It explains that blockchain provides security for storing voting data by using a decentralized network to create blocks that are interconnected and secure from tampering. The reference to the 'proposed system' using blockchain for security purposes directly supports the claim about the application of blockchain technology in voting.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Customers are expected to pick from basic, vegetarian, uniquely your, uniquely your ultimate, basic diabetss, diabetes-uniquely yours, ultimate diabetes as well as diet for men. Customers are given the option of picking their own meals or from customized meals. A couple of small (10 and 69 participants) short term (three months) studies used a portion controlled Nutrisystem diabetic diet to determine the effects on weight loss and diabetes. They reported that obese T2DM patients may show significant improvements in weight and glycemic control [29, 30]. A slightly larger study (100 participants) conducted for six months using Nutrisystem diabetes diet reported significantly increased weight loss with statistically insignificant reduction of HbA1C [31]. As this diet is more flexible than the other diets, it may be beneficial to individuals who carefully adhere to the diet and instructions. Many other modified diets such as Diet, Zone diet, Macrobiotics, Blood group diet, Ayurvedic diets, Raw food diets, Cleansing diet, Crash diets, Calorie restricted diet are also available. These diets focus on reducing body weight and the major recommendations include decreased or no processed foods, more fiber, vegetables and fruits and decreased total fat intake [32, 33]. Care has to be taken to avoid any vitamins and mineral deficiencies. Advertisement 3. Nutritional supplementsThe use of natural products as therapy was in practice for many centuries in different parts of the world. This practice relates very well with the idea that food is medicine. Some of these practices are classified as traditional medicine. Around the world there is an increase interest in using these medicines which are categorized under complementary and alternative medicines. In developing countries, 90% of the population seek plant products as alternative treatment options [34]. The most important benefit could be that there are less or even no side effects and is cost effective. However, the main constraint for these products not being popularly recommended, is the limited scientific evidence about the efficacy, mechanism and side effects. But this is slowly changing as in the past few decades, scientific literature with information on the efficacy, side effects and mechanism of action of several natural products and their compounds has increased. Some of these different natural products that are not only implicated in controlling diabetes but also decrease other medical complications that arise due to diabetes [35]. Plant products are unique in that they have several ingredients and the active ingredient(s)/compound(s) are attributed to having the main effect. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by suggesting that while dietary supplements and natural products may help manage health conditions like diabetes, they do not replace the need for a balanced diet. The text emphasizes that different diets focus on essential components like fiber, fruits, and vegetables, and warns about the need to avoid vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which indicates that relying solely on supplements could lead to these deficiencies.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: 2003 Engineered yeasts as reporter systems for odorant detection, Journal of Recepttors and Researc, 23(2-3), 155-171. 20. Pausch M. H. 1997 G-protein-coupled receptors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: high-throughput screening assays for drug discovery. Trends in Biotechnology. Dec;15(12), 487-494. 21. Rodríguez Seguí S. Pla M. Minic J. Pajot-Augy E. Salesse R. Hou Y. Jaffrezic-Renault N. Mills C. A. Samitier J. Errachid A. Detection of olfactory receptor 7 self assembled multilayer formation and immobilization using a quartz crystal microbalance. Analytical Letters, Jul; 39(8), 1735-1745. 22. Sung J. H. Ko H. J. Park T. H. 2006 Piezoelectric biosensor using olfactory receptor protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Biosensensors & Bioelectronics, Apr15;21(10), 1981-1986. 23. Turner A. P. Magan N. 2004 Electronic noses and disease diagnostics. Microbiology, Feb;2(2),161-166. 24. Vidic J. M. Grosclaude J. Persuy M. A. Aioun J. Salesse R. Pajot-Augy E. 2006 Quantitative assessment of olfactory receptors activity in immobilized nanosomes: a novel concept for bioelectronic nose. Lab Chip. Aug; 6 8 1026 1032. 25. Vidic J. Pla-Roca M. Grosclaude J. Persuy M. A. Monnerie R. Caballero D. Errachid A. Hou Y. Jaffrezic-Renault N. Salesse R. Pajot-Augy E. Samitier J. 2007 Gold surface functionalization and patterning for specific immobilization of olfactory receptors carried by nanosomes. Analitical Chemistry, May; 79(9,)3280-3290. 26. Vidic J. Grosclaude J. Monnerie R. Persuy M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it provides a list of references related to olfactory receptors and their detection methods but does not address or suggest any quantum effects in their operation. There are no statements or evidence in the text that link olfactory receptors with quantum theory.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain technology is being tested for secure voting systems. [SEP] Text: DSS(Standard) algorithm is used to create signature for security purpose. from Crypto. Hash import SHA3_256 from Crypto. PublicKey import ECC from Crypto. Signature import DSS try: priv_key =ECC. import_key(private_key_input) hash_string= SHA3_256. new(ballot. encode('utf-8')) signature= DSS. new(priv_key,'fips-186-3'). sign(hash_string) print('\n signature: ', signature. hex()) public_key= ECC. import_key(request. user. user_public_key) verifier = DSS. new(public_key, 'fips-186-3') verifier. verify(hash_string, signature) status = 'The ballot is signed successfully. ' error = False except Exception as e: status = 'The key is not registered. ' error = True print("not matched") print(e) messages. warning(request, str(e)) return render(request, 'create_vote. html) 5. 3 Merkle Tree: Merkle tree is a fundamental part of blockchain technology. It is a structure that allows for efficient and secure verification of content in large body of data. This structure helps to verify the consistency and content of the data. import datetime from uuid import uuid4 from Crypto. Hash import SHA3_256 from Crypto. Signature import DSS from django. conf import settings from django. contrib import messages from django. contrib. auth. decorators import login_require import time from ballot. merkle. merkle_tool import MerkleTools def seal(request): if request. method == 'POST': ballot = request. POST. get('ballot_input') vote_id = request. POST. get('vote-id') ballot_byte = ballot. encode('utf-8' ballot_hash= SHA3_256. new(ballot_byte). hexdigest() # Puzzle requirement: '0' * n (n leading zeros) puzzle, pcount = settings. settings. nonce = 0 block_transactions= Vote. objects. filter(id=vote_id). order_by('timestamp') # create Merkle hash root = MerkleTools() root. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides details on algorithms and structures, such as Merkle Trees, that are fundamental to blockchain technology, indicating its application to secure voting systems. The mention of creating signatures for security purposes and verifying ballot data supports the claim that blockchain technology is being utilized for secure voting.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: This has led the pharmaceutical industry to use some of these active ingredients in currently available allopathic drugs [36]. It is important to identify these active ingredients and study their effects to understand their mechanisms of action. However, it has been observed that when these compounds are isolated, they are sometimes not as efficient when compared to the whole extracts and this maybe because the other ingredients, although in small quantities, may influence the activity of the main compound. High blood glucose can be due to several different factors apart from consumption of high levels of carbohydrates and inactivity. When the patient is diagnosed with hyperglycemia, they are advised about food intake and increasing physical activity by entering an exercise program. There are drugs and nutritional supplements that will reduce the absorption of glucose in the intestines by inhibiting enzymes such as α amylase and α glucosidase, thereby, lowering postprandial glucose [37]. However, it has been recognized that there are many other factors such as pancreatic dysfunction, insulin resistance, imbalanced rate of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and increased glucagon production result in increased production of endogenous glucose [38]. In addition, these patients may also have less insulin production with progressive β-cell dysfunction [39]. Therefore, diabetic patients may benefit more with plant products as these have multiple compounds that may affect multiple targets [40, 41, 42, 43]. Traditional medicines have been popular in different parts of the world and some of them have been traced back to thousands of years - Chinese traditional medicine and Ayurveda. Many cultures around the world such as the American Indians, Mexican, Chinese, Indian subcontinent, various parts of Europe, Africans, Australians have incorporated locally available plants to treat diabetes [36]. Chinese traditional medicine describes bitter flavor and plants that release heat as the most important factors for treating T2DM [44]. Bitter flavor can consolidate the body, remove dampness and purge heat while cold property removes heat syndrome which is seen in T2DM patients during the initial and middle stages of the condition [44]. Ayurvedic treatment uses different approaches including plant medicines incorporated in the diet, exercise, medications, massage, sunlight, controlled breathing and detoxification [45]. There are hundreds of plants that are used in different traditional medicines to treat diabetes. We have listed a few of the most promising common plants that have anti-diabetic activity in animal models and human studies with minimum side effects in Table 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding whether supplements alone can fulfill nutritional needs. Instead, it discusses the role of traditional medicines and plant products in treating diabetes, emphasizing that various compounds may work together to achieve better health outcomes. This information does not specifically corroborate or contrast the claim about supplements; hence, the text is deemed irrelevant.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Olfactory receptors may operate through quantum effects. [SEP] Text: AbstractThe intricate relationship between the dopaminergic system and olfactory associative learning in Drosophila has been an intense scientific inquiry. Leveraging the formidable genetic tools, we conducted a screening of 57 dopaminergic drivers, leading to the discovery of DAN-c1 driver, uniquely targeting the single dopaminergic neuron (DAN) in each brain hemisphere. While the involvement of excitatory D1-like receptors is well-established, the role of D2-like receptors (D2Rs) remains underexplored. Our investigation reveals the expression of D2Rs in both DANs and the mushroom body (MB) of third instar larval brains. Silencing D2Rs in DAN-c1 via microRNA disrupts aversive learning, further supported by optogenetic activation of DAN-c1 during training, affirming the inhibitory role of D2R autoreceptor. Intriguingly, D2R knockdown in the MB impairs both appetitive and aversive learning. These findings elucidate the distinct contributions of D2Rs in diverse brain structures, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing associative learning in Drosophila larvae. eLife assessment This study presents a valuable finding on the role of dopamine receptor D2R in dopaminergic neurons DAN-c1 and mushroom body neurons (Y201-GAL4 pattern) on aversive and appetitive conditioning. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid and promotes the investigation using fly larvae, which have interesting advantages in the time required for obtaining experimental animals and the use of optogenetics. The work will be of interest to researchers studying neuronal control of behaviour and learning and memory in general. of findingsvaluable: Findings that have theoretical or practical implications for a subfieldlandmarkfundamentalimportantvaluableusefulStrength of evidencesolid: Methods, data and analyses broadly support the claims with only minor weaknessesexceptionalcompellingconvincingsolidincompleteinadequateDuring the peer-review process the editor and reviewers write an eLife assessment that summarises the significance of the findings reported in the 1. On the cellular and physiological level, learning and memory is achieved by neuroplastic changes in circuits, including neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Usually distinct types of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, modulate these changes. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding olfactory receptors and quantum effects. Instead, it focuses on the role of dopamine receptors in olfactory associative learning in Drosophila, discussing neuronal mechanisms and synaptic plasticity without making any reference to quantum effects in olfactory receptors.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Facial recognition cannot misidentify individuals. [SEP] Text: 03) was marginally significant (p =. 06). None of the other differences between groups were significant. A main effect for experimental condition, F(1. 95, 200. 88) = 4. 40, p <. 05, η2 =. 04, was also identified. Post-hoc comparisons suggested that angry facial reactions were more intense in the imitation condition (M =. 104, SE =. 014) compared to the suppression (M =. 083, SE =. 014) condition (p <. 05) but did not differ from the neutral (M =. 096, SE =. 014) condition (p = 1. 00). Angry expressiveness did not differ in the neutral and suppression conditions (p =. 12). A main effect for emotions, F(4. 47, 459. 89) = 13. 83, p <. 001, η2 =. 118, was also identified, indicating that, overall, participants expressed more anger in reaction to angry facial expressions (M =. 123, SE =. 015) compared to all other stimuli presented (sad: M =. 097, SE =. 015; pain: M =. 093, SE =. 014; fear: M =. 087, SE =. 013; neutral: M =. 085, SE =. 013; and happy: M =. 081, SE =. 012; all ps <. 05). In addition, a significant condition by emotion interaction was found, F(8. 03, 827. 32) = 9. 00, p <. 001, η2 =. 08, suggesting that more anger was expressed when presented with angry facial stimuli in the imitation condition compared to the other two conditions (supplementary material 1). Fig. 2Group effect for angry facial reactions assessed with FaceReader. Angry facial expressiveness is shown for the different groups. APD = Disorder symptoms; PSY = Psychopathic personality traits (bars represent 95% confidence intervals)Full size imageReactionsThe findings from the repeated measures ANOVA regarding sad facial reactions suggested that there was a main effect for group, F(3, 103) = 2. 85, p <. 05, η2 =. 08, with the APD-only group expressing more sadness (M =. 064, SE =. 013) compared to the combined APD + PSY group (M =. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding facial recognition misidentifying individuals. It discusses emotional reactions to facial stimuli but does not provide information that corroborates or contradicts the assertion about the accuracy of facial recognition technology.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Supplements alone can fulfill all nutritional needs for a balanced diet. # questionable [SEP] Text: Alkaloids and polysaccharides present in plants may also control hyperglycemia [96]. Advertisement 4. Micronutrients4. 1 MineralsMinerals like chromium magnesium and vanadium can influence hyperglycemia and are used in medications to treat T2DM. Chromium is poorly absorbed with age and T2DM patients have decreased levels of chromium [97]. Studies have shown that chromium deficiency causes reversible insulin resistance and when supplemented improves glycemic control [57]. Another mineral that most T2DM patients show low levels is magnesium [36]. Magnesium is a cofactor for many enzymes in glucose oxidation and it modulates glucose across cell membranes. Mg deficiency causes insulin resistance. It may increase insulin secretion and increase uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues [36]. Vanadium was used in certain insulin preparations and in animal models has shown increased uptake of glucose and its metabolism. It is also reported to increase insulin sensitivity. It may modulate glucose oxidation, glycogen synthesis and hepatic glucose output modulation [98]. 4. 2 VitaminsVitamins like vitamin C and E may also help T2DM patients. can improve glycemic control [99] while vitamin E, as an anti-oxidant, may influence protein glycation, insulin sensitivity and secretion [36]. Advertisement 5. ConclusionsSeveral diets have been studied to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and to control hyperglycemia. Almost all of them focus on decreasing body weight so they reduce body fat content as well. Many of the diets are beneficial in delaying the onset of diabetes and to diabetic patients. However, some of the diets require for the patients to be monitored constantly. Many plant products used in traditional medicine around the world have been scientifically studied to determine the efficacy, mechanism and side effects with focus of their effects on hyperglycemia. Diabetes being a complicated disease, T2DM patients may benefit more if multi targeted therapy is given. In addition to diet, another important factor that will help T2DM is the level of physical activity and exercise. Any diet with exercise is more beneficial than either one alone. Mayo clinic recommends diet rich in fiber, vegetables, fruits and whole grain with low fat dairy products [100]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the importance of diet and physical activity alongside supplementation for managing conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It emphasizes that diets focusing on fiber, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are necessary for health benefits, stating that 'Any diet with exercise is more beneficial than either one alone.' This suggests that supplements alone are insufficient for achieving a balanced diet.