Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Rooftop farms do not face any environmental constraints, such as wind or pollution. [SEP] Text: For instance, according to the studies, distance from wind turbines, locals’ engagement in the planning and implementation process, perceived benefits, equity, fairness (see Ellis & Ferraro, 2016 for a review), and community co-ownership (Musall & Kuik, 2011) can effectively attenuate resistance. Acceptance of wind farms is further determined by socio-political, environmental, and personal attitudes (Huijts et al. , 2012; Kempton et al. , 2005). Thus, factors affecting the acceptance of wind power technologies are manifold. According to Assefa and Frostell (2007), lay people are not well equipped with relevant information about climate change or renewable energy sources. They constantly seek the balanced information (Dütschke & Wesche, 2015). This underlines the importance of studies checking which aspects (do not) lead to acceptance problems. Moreover, the fact that enhancing knowledge about renewable energy can improve acceptance (Liu et al. , 2013) may be indirect evidence that uncertainties about this innovative technology underlie the local resistance. Citizens might not feel affected by fluctuation in the supply as other sources of electricity can compensate (Vivas et al. , 2018; Association, 2020). Future studies might test whether we can also count on robust levels of acceptance when the costs of this strategy are made transparent. Importantly, fluctuation in supply can place strong incentives on consumers and industry to flexibly shift the use of energy towards peaks in supply. Thus, charting the economic and ecologic potential of flexible energy usage might substantially increase the acceptance of renewable energy sources. The current work used an experimental approach optimized to secure that differences between conditions (or lack of differences) could be attributed to the impact (or lack of impact) of the independent variable (cf. Shadish et al. , 2002): participants were randomly assigned in a blind way. We secured (see Fig. 4) that they attentively processed the data graph material so that we can be sure that they took notice of the high variability in wind energy. Thus, this manipulation check secured that the independent variable was varied successfully. Together with the high statistical power (large sample), this makes us quite confident to conclude that varying information on fluctuation in wind energy has indeed no effect on acceptance. Furthermore, the generalizability of the findings is likely high given that we tested an age- heterogeneous sample of students most of whom are working. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various factors that affect the acceptance of wind power technologies, highlighting the influence of environmental constraints such as wind. It mentions that acceptance of these technologies is determined by socio-political and environmental attitudes, which implies that environmental factors do indeed play a role in the acceptance and implementation of renewable energy sources, thereby indirectly suggesting that rooftop farms, facing similar environmental factors, would not be free from constraints.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: e smoking only n = 60, drinking only n = 219, and both smoking and drinking n = 143) using a common baseline comparison group (a no smoking and low drinking group n = 198) from the HCP dataset. (A) shows the distribution of t values of all the links for all AAL2 areas for the three comparisons. A positive t value indicates a stronger FC in a substance use group compared to the control group. For B-D, only the significantly different links identified in the HCP dataset as shown in Figure 3 are considered. (B) shows that all these links are decreased in the smoking only group. (C) shows that all these links are higher in the drinking only group. (D) shows that there are both higher and lower links in the group that both smokes and drinks. Figure 4—source data 1 For the FC links identified as involved in smoking: comparison of functional connectivity between three groups: smoking only; drinking only; and both smoking and drinking. Download elife-40765-fig4-data1-v2. docx Figure 4—source data 2 For the FC links identified as involved in drinking: comparison of functional connectivity between three groups: smoking only; drinking only; and both smoking and drinking. Download elife-40765-fig4-data2-v2. docx Figure 5 Download asset Open asset Correlation between the strength of functional connectivity and the amount of substance use behavior. (A) Comparison of the mean strength of all functional connectivities in subgroups that smoked for different numbers of times. The error bars show the standard error of the mean (SEM) in this and other Figures. The mean strength of all functional connectivities in the regular smoking group is significantly lower than in the non-smoking group (p=0. 026). The correlation between the strength of FC links and the amount of substance use behavior are shown in the lower right corner (same for other figures). (B) Comparison of the mean strength of significantly different functional connectivities in subgroups who had smoked for different numbers of times. The mean strength of significantly different functional connectivities of the regular smoking group is significantly lower than for the non-smoking group (p=0. 031). (C) Comparison of the mean strength of all functional connectivities in subgroups with different amounts of drinking. (D) Comparison of the mean strength of significantly different functional connectivities in subgroups with different amount of drinking. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses functional connectivity comparisons related to substance use, but it does not address advanced algorithms predicting emotions based on brain scans. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: 2010; Jinek et al. 2012). In 2011, E. Charpentier and team (Deltcheva et al. 2011) discovered (tracrRNA) while performing RNA sequencing on S. pyogenes, which has a Cas9 protein. She presented that tracrRNA creates a duplex with (crRNA), which guides Cas9 to its targets (Abbott 2016). Meanwhile, Siksnys and colleagues cloned Type II system of -Cas loci of S. thermophilus and expressed that in E. coli the result was the ability of this strain to provide plasmid resistance. This experiments proved that systems are independent functioning sequences (Sapranauskas et al. 2011). In 2012, Jinek et al. (2012) first in vitro experiment showed, could be designed for targeted DNA cleavage. In 2013, first application of based editing in human and mouse cell lines was reported by Cong et al. (2013) and Mali et al. (2013). Finally, one of the pioneers of could modified -Cas9 for genome editing in human and mouse cell lines. They used two different Cas9 proteins (S. thermophilus and S. pyogenes) and performed cleavage in targeted DNA of these eukaryotic cells. Their experiments show it is possible to edit -Cas system and use it for different targets of the same genome (Cong et al. 2013). Before 2018, PubMed had published over 5000 -Cas 9. has made the great progress in transcriptional regulation, this allows several genes to be set simultaneously (Hasty and Montagna 2014; Gerlinger et al. 2014). Recently, the development of nuclease-dead Cas molecules (dCas9 and dCas12a) as a new comprehensive toolbox has offered an additional platform for scientists to regulate the genome function and to control cellular behaviors without using for genome editing (Xu and Qi 2019). Chronic granulomatous disease is caused by a single intronic mutation in the CYBB gene. Flynn et al. (2015), have usedCas9D10A, nickase and donor-mediated HR in iPS of skin fibroblast for In vitro differentiated macrophage function. Barth syndrome is a result of 1 bp deletion on chromosome. Wang et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing multiple instances of CRISPR technology being used for targeted DNA manipulation. Specifically, it mentions that researchers have shown that Cas9 can be designed for targeted DNA cleavage, and it describes the application of CRISPR in editing human and mouse cell lines, indicating the precise editing capabilities of this technology.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Rooftop farms do not face any environmental constraints, such as wind or pollution. [SEP] Text: The current work can serve as a basis for addressing questions on the acceptance of energy change in studies using panel data from representative samples including more information on the economic and sociodemographic background of the participants. ConclusionOverall, results of the present study suggest that showing how fluctuating the wind energy supply can be, does not affect whether or not participants accept wind energy farms. Thus, fluctuation in wind energy supply can be directly addressed without compromising acceptance. As the successful implementation of wind energy systems, which is one of the most promising sources of renewable energy, highly depends on public acceptance (Devine-Wright, 2007), it is crucial for climate change mitigation to investigate factors facilitating acceptance of wind energy. Availability of data and materials All raw data and the study related material can be found at: NotesGroup 1—M age = 36. 31, SD = 12. 31 (n = 71; 77% female; 82% native German speakers). Group 2—M age = 35. 14, SD = 12. 69 (n = 74; 65% female; 86% native German speakers). Group 3—M age = 31. 51, SD = 10. 18 (n = 73; 81% female; 86% native German speakers). 6075. P. (2007). Reconsidering public attitudes and public acceptance of renewable energy technologies: A critical review. In M. Grubb, T. Jamasb, & M. Pollitt (Eds. ), Delivering a low carbon electricity system: technologies, economics and policy (63. G. , & Ferraro, G. (2016). The social acceptance of wind energy: Where we stand and the path ahead. JRC Science for policy report. European Commission, Brussels P. , Ramaswamy, V. , Artaxo, P. , Berntsen, T. , Betts, R. & Fahey, D et al. (2008). Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Change 2007: Science Basis. Contribution of I to the Report of the IPCC. Accessed 20 Sept 2020. Gielen, D. , Boshell, F. , Saygin, D. , Bazilian, M. D. , Wagner, N. , & Gorini, R. (2019). The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Reviews, 24(1), 38–50. W. , Firestone, J. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the acceptance of wind energy and the variability of wind energy supply. It indicates that fluctuating wind energy supply is a consideration necessary for the acceptance of wind energy systems, which implies that wind, an environmental factor, indeed plays a role in the operational acceptance of energy technologies, contradicting the assertion that rooftop farms do not face environmental constraints.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: The relation between the strength of the different FCs and the smoking history (E) and the amount of drinking (F). The FCs are those that are significantly different between the substance use and control groups as shown in Figures 2 and 3. * indicates p<0. 05, **p<0. 005 and ***p<0. 0005. Figure 6 Download asset Open asset Correlation between the strength of functional connectivity and temporal discounting behavior (impulsivity). (A, B) The delay discounting score for different subgroups with different frequencies of smoking. A low score reflects choices for immediate reward as compared with longer term reward. The delay discounting scores are significantly lower in the regular smoking group compared with the non-smoker group. The correlations between the delay discounting scores and the amount of substance use behavior are shown in the top right corner (with the same for the other figures). The error bars show the standard error of the mean (SEM) in this and other Figures. (C, D) The delay discounting scores for subgroups with different amounts of drinking. The delay discounting scores are significantly lower in the high drinking group compared with the low drinking group. (E, F) The canonical correlation between the delay discounting score and the strength of the significantly different links in the smoking dataset. The scatter plot shows the delay discounting score versus the functional connectivity weights, with one point per participant. The high correlation shown here indicates a significant co-variation between the FCs and the delay discounting score. (G, H) The same for the drinking group. (* indicates p<0. 05, **p<0. 005 and ***p<0. 0005). Figure 7 Download asset Open asset Cross-validation and causality analysis using the dataset. (A) The distribution of t values of all brain links in the three datasets (i. e. HCP, and at age 14 and 19) for smoking. (B) The same for the drinking group. The overall change pattern identified in the HCP dataset, that is decreased FC in smoking and increased FC in drinking, is consistent in the dataset. This is useful cross-validation. (C) The correlation between the t values of the contrasts for the drinking and smoking groups involving all links in the brain. (D) The distribution of t values of the significant links identified in the HCP dataset for all three datasets (i. e. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the correlation between functional connectivity (FC) and behaviors related to smoking and drinking rather than addressing any claims about algorithms predicting emotions from brain scans. It focuses on statistical results and figures related to substance use rather than emotional assessment.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: (2014a, b) have used iPS of skin fibroblast and appliedCAS9, PiggyBac and donor-mediated HR for In vitro differentiated cardiomyocyte and muscle contraction. Similarly, β-Thalassemia is A/G and TCTT deletion or C > T mutation in HBB gene, and studies have shown that modification ofCAS9, PiggyBac, and donor-mediated HR using iPS fibroblast could be used for In vitro hematopoietic differentiation and Gene expression (Xu et al. 2015; Xie et al. 2014). In another study on conducted by Park et al. , researchers used iPS; urine cells of patients and Cas9 protein, gRNA and DNA plasmid were transferred using a microporator system. The results were demonstrated in vivo differentiated endothelial cells and transplanted into a hemophilia mouse for correction of gene inversion 140 kb and 160 kb from intron 1–22 (Park et al. 2015). Cystic fibrosis is another mutation-based condition on CFTR F508 deletion,CAS9 and donor-mediated HR, using no iPS cells. Only 3D intestinal organ culture has shown interesting results for In vitro differentiated intestinal organoids (Schwank et al. 2013; Hastings et al. 2009). In 2019, report has shown promise in a clinical trial application in patients with Sickle cell anemia (Humbert et al. 2019), hematopoietic stem cells of patient was targeted for editing. Researchers used -based technique to edit the antigens of CD90 and boost the regenerating this cells with normal function in blood. Application of as a tool to treat Dystrophy in miceIn 2017 Bengtsson and colleagues used genome-editing tools to treat Dystrophy (DMD) in mice (Bengtsson et al. 2017). Muscular Dystrophy, defective DMD gene is unable to code for the protein dystrophin, and there is no known cure for DMD. Bengtsson et al. , used to remove the defective DMD gene in mice, which has allowed the mice to produce major dystrophin proteins in the muscles cells. The results of the study were promising and considered as the first application of in the treatment of genetic disease in mice with DMD. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various studies that utilize CRISPR technology, particularly mentioning the use of CAS9 for gene editing in different contexts, such as β-Thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. It highlights the precise editing of specific genes through methods like donor-mediated HR and the significant results achieved, thus supporting the assertion that CRISPR technology enables precise gene editing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: Impact of vegetable crop agriculture on anopheline agressivity and malaria transmission in urban and less urbanized settings of the South region of access Published: 28 May 2015 Impact of vegetable crop agriculture on anopheline agressivity and malaria transmission in urban and less urbanized settings of the South region of Ntonga Akono1, Mbida Mbida1, Calvin Tonga1, Philippe Belong2, Ngo Hondt1, Gaëlle Tamdem Magne1, Peka3 & …Lehman1 Show authors Parasites & Vectors 2012. For three consecutive days each month, captures were performed on volunteers in hydro-agricultural and river bank sites of Akonolinga and Yaoundé. Physico-chemical characteristics of mosquito breeding sites were recorded. Molecular alongside morpho-taxonomic techniques were used for the identification of mosquito species; ELISA test was used to reveal Plasmodium falciparum infected mosquitoes through the detection of CSP. Mosquito diversity, aggressivity and malaria transmission in sites and settings were determined and compared. ResultsBiting rates were higher in hydro-agricultural sites of less urbanized and urban settings (31. 8 b/p/n and 28. 6 b/p/n respectively) than in river banks sites (6. 83 b/p/n and 3. 64 b/p/n respectively; p < 0. 0001). Physico-chemical parameters of breeding sites were not fundamentally different. Five anopheline species were identified; An. gambiae, An. funestus s. s. , An. moucheti s. s. , An. hancocki and An. nili s. s. In hydro-agricultural sites 2 species were captured in the urban setting versus 4 in the less urbanized setting, meanwhile in river bank sites, 3 species were captured in the urban setting versus 4 species in the less urbanized setting. An. nili s. s. was found in river banks only. An. hancocki was not found to insure Plasmodium falciparum Welch transmission. EIR in hydro-agricultural sites varied from 1. 86 ib/p/n (urban area) to 2. 13 ib/p/n (less urbanized area) with higher rates in April/May and August. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of crop types grown in urban settings. It specifically highlights variations in mosquito species captured in hydro-agricultural sites in urban environments versus less urbanized settings, indicating that not all crops (and their related effects) can effectively thrive in urban agriculture conditions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: at age 14 and 19) for smoking. (E) The same for the drinking group. (F) The results for impulsivity at age 14 from the dataset. This shows that the 14 year olds who will smoke at age 19 (n = 421) have higher impulsivity than those who will not smoke at 19 (n = 184) (t = −3. 72, p=2. 20 × 10−4). The 14 year olds who will drink at age 19 (n = 527) have higher impulsivity than those who will not drink at 19 (n = 298) (t = −3. 67, p=2. 60 × 10−4). ***p<0. 001. 1 Top 30 links with t and p values for Smoking and Drinking. A negative t value indicates reduced FC relative to the control group. SmokingFunctional connectivityp valuet valueFunctional connectivityp valuet valueFrontal_Sup_2_LOFCmed_R9. 63E-06-4. 464Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LRolandic_Oper_R6. 60E-05-4. 019Frontal_Sup_2_LFrontal_Mid_2_R1. 23E-05-4. 409Parietal_Sup_RPrecuneus_L6. 74E-05-4. 014Frontal_Sup_2_LFrontal_Inf_Oper_R1. 57E-05-4. 354Frontal_Sup_2_LParietal_Sup_R7. 11E-05-4. 001Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LTemporal_Sup_R1. 85E-05-4. 317Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LOccipital_Mid_R7. 60E-05-3. 984Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LSupraMarginal_R2. 02E-05-4. 297Frontal_Sup_2_RFrontal_Inf_Oper_R7. 75E-05-3. 980Frontal_Inf_Oper_RFrontal_Inf_Tri_L2. 26E-05-4. 271Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LInsula_R7. 95E-05-3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on the results from a dataset correlating impulsivity with smoking and drinking among adolescents. There is no mention of advanced algorithms or emotion prediction based on brain scans, which is the central aspect of the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: can delete the incorrect exon, therefore the duplicator system can generate a smaller amount of dystrophin protein as effective as its natural form and sgRNA. Modified Cas9 were delivered by using unique viral career; adenovirus into mouse muscle cells; and system was applied to delete the incorrect exon (Long et al. 2014; Nelson et al. 2016; Ousterout et al. 2015). In another study, the Li et al. (2015) group used iPS fibroblast andCas9 for 75484 bp deletion, including exon 44 of Dystrophin gene, the results of which were used for in vitro differentiated skeletal muscle cells and evaluating the gene expression. system and gene-editing in cancersystem has inclusive potential for a variety of applications in epigenetic cancer therapy, in gene regulation of oncogenes in cells, multiscale cancer modeling, proteomics methods for drug discovery and protein–protein interactions (PPI) as therapeutic targets in cancer focused studies (Dar et al. 2018; Sachdeva et al. 2015; Martínez et al. 2012), or chromosomal rearrangements in cancers that involve a single balanced fusion, or in combination with one or more fusions that disrupt this balance (Maresch et al. 2016). It has been studied in details cancer cells accumulate multiple mutations in genes that, can cause development of cancer cells, progression and distant metastasis (Shi et al. 2015; Weber et al. 2015; Sánchez-Rivera and Jacks 2015; Khan et al. 2016). system could possibly cure the disorders caused by these generating mutations by switching off the respective oncogenes or by switching on the tumor suppressor genes in activation or suppression of telomeres as another potential application in cancer therapy (Harley 2008; Annunziato et al. 2016; Torres-Ruiz and Rodriguez-Perales 2015; Yoo and Jones 2006; Chiba et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2017). In a study by oncologist Lu You, the T-cells were obtained from the patient’s blood of Non-small cell lung cancer and gene PD as a part of immune checkpoint were disabled by use of. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing applications of CRISPR technology in gene editing. It discusses how the system can 'delete the incorrect exon' and mentions the use of Cas9 for gene deletions, showcasing the precise editing capabilities of CRISPR. Additionally, the text references studies that utilize CRISPR for various gene-related applications, further supporting the claim about CRISPR's precision in gene editing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: Overall, EIR was higher in less urbanized areas (p < 0. 0001) but the difference was nullified with the practice of vegetable crop agriculture (p = 0. 2). ConclusionThese results highlight the need for specific preventive measures that take into account the ecological peculiarities related to vegetable crop agriculture on hydro-agricultural lands, in order to protect inhabitants from malaria. BackgroundWithin the past 20 years, demographic growth has been one of the most striking phenomena in tropical countries, with subsequent rural exodus [1]. From less than 500,000 inhabitants each in 1970, the populations of Douala and Yaoundé, the two main cities in Cameroon are nowadays higher than 2,500,000 inhabitants [2]. Population growth in urban settings has resulted in increased demand for food supply. A solution to the problem has been the development of inland valley swamps into hydro-agricultural lands. In Cameroon, inland valley swamps in urban settings are state properties. For some years, local authorities have liberalized the use of these bottomlands. Thus the development of inland valley swamps in Douala and Yaoundé into hydro-agricultural lands leading to an increase in crop production. This is also the case in less urbanized settings such as Foumbot, Obala and Akonolinga, which supply highly urbanized cities in vegetables and food crops. Pea nuts, maize, tomatoes, pineapple and vegetables are some of the products of hydro-agricultural lands of the southern part of Cameroon; they are highly appreciated for their nutritional value. Though hydro-agricultural lands contribute to food security by increasing crop production, they may have a deep influence on malaria transmission, due to the creation of breeding sites for mosquitoes [3]. In many urban settings of East and West Africa, these hydro-agricultural lands serve mostly for the cultivation of rice. The impact of rice paddies on mosquito fauna has been assessed in many towns, their influence on malaria transmission being variable [4–8]. On the reverse, in most urban or less urbanized settings as is the case in Cameroon, hydro-agricultural lands are mostly occupied by vegetable crops. Depending on the level of urbanization, the development of hydro-agricultural lands may cause important ecological changes with possible effects on malaria vectors and malaria transmission dynamics. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while certain crops, particularly vegetable crops, can be effectively grown in urban settings such as hydro-agricultural lands in Cameroon, there are specific ecological considerations and limitations to agricultural practices. The text notes that hydro-agricultural lands are primarily used for certain crops, like rice and vegetables, and there may be ecological changes that affect their viability based on the level of urbanization, hence suggesting that not every type of crop may thrive effectively in urban agriculture.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: 973Caudate_LPallidum_L2. 42E-05-4. 255Caudate_RPutamen_R7. 99E-05-3. 972Caudate_LPutamen_L2. 87E-05-4. 216Frontal_Mid_2_LFrontal_Inf_Oper_R8. 07E-05-3. 970Hippocampus_LTemporal_Sup_L3. 37E-05-4. 179Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_RParietal_Sup_L8. 59E-05-3. 955Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LParietal_Sup_R3. 78E-05-4. 152Amygdala_RTemporal_Sup_R8. 94E-05-3. 945Frontal_Med_Orb_RParietal_Sup_R3. 86E-05-4. 147Frontal_Inf_Oper_LOFClat_R9. 31E-05-3. 935Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LTemporal_Sup_L4. 59E-05-4. 106Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LRolandic_Oper_L9. 37E-05-3. 933Frontal_Inf_Tri_LSupraMarginal_R4. 90E-05-4. 090Frontal_Inf_Tri_LPrecuneus_R9. 54E-05-3. 929OFCmed_RParietal_Sup_R5. 11E-05-4. 080Frontal_Inf_Oper_LCingulate_Ant_R1. 01E-04-3. 914Frontal_Inf_Orb_2_LAmygdala_R5. 41E-05-4. 067Frontal_Sup_2_RFrontal_Mid_2_R1. 02E-04-3. 912 DrinkingFunctional connectivityp valuet valueFunctional connectivityp valuet valuePrecentral_LOFCmed_L6. 02E-043. 445Cingulate_Ant_LPostcentral_L3. 42E-043. 598Precentral_ROFCmed_L2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding advanced algorithms predicting emotions from brain scans. Instead, it consists of statistical data related to brain regions, p-values, and t-values without providing any context or support for the claim. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: The PD-1 gene naturally serves as an “off switch” to prevent T-cells from damaging normal cells, however several types of cancer cells seize the pathway to escape detection by the immune system and grow abandoned. In this prospective trial, the edited PD-1 knockout T-cells were transferred back into the patient and were able to recognize and evade the Non-small cell lung cancer cell (You et al. 2019). /Cas9 advancement is also playing an important role in revolutionizing the current he diagnostic methods and available treatment for breast cancer (Yang et al. 2018). An invasive lobular breast carcinoma is taken as an example for this diagnosis andCas9 mediated tool is used for modification of somatic cell in putative cancer driver genes. For therapeutic approaches, the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation is accomplished by adapting a dominant negative mutation generated by theCas9-targetting of HER 2 (Annunziato et al. 2016). Another promising application, T-cells of patient is extracting and after gene modification using re-programmed cells infusing back into the patient to fight the Leukemia and Lymphoma cancer cells (Graham et al. 2018). Multiscale of cancer modelling is another application of the system, via the stimulation of tumor suppressor genes and the suppression of oncogenes. Traditionally, in murinae cancer modelling, genetic modification of transgenes or homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells were required (Yao et al. 2015). These models could predict one or two mutations in the model and were often very expensive methods; (Jin and Li 2016) however, using the system could generate the same information in less than a few weeks and was cost-effective (Nishimasu et al. 2014; Driehuis and Clevers 2017). Another application of the system the use of epigenetic factors of some cancers. Generally, methylation is a major epigenetic factor for gene expression and regulation in eukaryotic cells (Driehuis and Clevers 2017). CpG islands are typically located in the promoter region and during epigenetics events, methylation process will lead the repression of gene expression. DNA methylation in cells is extremely well regulated by a family of enzymes called DNMTs: DNMT1, DNMT2 DNMT3a and DNMT3b. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of Cas9, a key component of CRISPR technology, in modifying specific genes such as PD-1 and HER2, which are involved in cancer treatment. It details how gene editing via Cas9 can lead to therapeutic modifications and improvements in treatment effectiveness for various cancers, thereby supporting the assertion that CRISPR technology enables precise gene editing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: However, data on the impact of the development of inland valley swamps into hydro-agricultural lands on mosquito fauna and malaria transmission are scarce in the literature. In Yaoundé and Akonolinga, South of Cameroon, vegetable crop farms occupy 40 and 130 ha respectively; to date, no entomological data is available for these areas. This study reports on the development of inland valley swamps into hydro-agricultural lands for vegetable crops agriculture and its impact on mosquito fauna and malaria transmission in Akonolinga and Yaoundé, equatorial areas of degraded forest South of Cameroon, with different levels of urbanization. This will help for the design of better vector control strategies. MethodsDescription of the study areaThe study was conducted in Akonolinga (3°46’N, 12°15’E) and Yaoundé (3° 51’N, 11°30’E), in the forest area South of Cameroon. The climate is equatorial (Guinean type) with two rainy seasons (September to November and March to June) alternating with two dry seasons (December to February and July to August) [9]. Rainfalls are abundant and the mean annual temperature was 25. 7 °C in Akonolinga and 26. 06 °C in Yaoundé. Yaoundé is a city of 2. 5 million inhabitants with highly degraded vegetation as a consequence of urbanization. Akonolinga is a less urbanized setting located a hundred kilometers East of Yaoundé and less populated (74,000 inhabitants) [2]. The hydrographic network is dense and consists in many streams and swampy inlands. The river Mefou runs through the southern part of Yaoundé meanwhile the river Nyong runs through Akonolinga, East to West (Fig. 1). For more than two decades, swampy inland valleys have gradually been transformed into hydro-agricultural lands in order to meet food needs of the growing populations. These lands generally receive one crop cycle in the year, from November to March, the period during which they receive appropriate irrigation. Fig. 1Map of the study areaFull size image In each of the towns, entomological surveys were carried out in two different ecological sites: a vegetable crop cultivation site and a river bank site. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations and specific conditions of vegetable crop agriculture in urban areas, such as the hydro-agricultural lands in Akonolinga and Yaoundé, where only one crop cycle can be grown per year due to irrigation conditions. This implies that not every type of crop can be effectively grown in urban agriculture settings, particularly given the distinct challenges of urbanization and ecological factors illustrated in the text.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: 41E-043. 689Cingulate_Mid_LPostcentral_L1. 86E-043. 756Rolandic_Oper_ROFCmed_L1. 28E-043. 851OFCmed_LPostcentral_R4. 73E-043. 511Olfactory_LOFCmed_L4. 35E-054. 112Cingulate_Ant_LPostcentral_R2. 72E-043. 658Rectus_ROFCmed_L3. 25E-043. 611Cingulate_Mid_LPostcentral_R1. 94E-043. 745Frontal_Mid_2_ROFCmed_R6. 10E-043. 442Cingulate_Ant_LSupraMarginal_R5. 47E-043. 472OFCmed_LOFCpost_L4. 25E-043. 540OFCmed_LHeschl_L1. 36E-043. 834Precentral_LCingulate_Ant_L4. 52E-043. 523Cingulate_Ant_LHeschl_L1. 55E-043. 803Precentral_RCingulate_Ant_L2. 50E-043. 680Cingulate_Mid_LHeschl_L5. 02E-043. 495Rolandic_Oper_LCingulate_Ant_L4. 44E-043. 528Cingulate_Mid_RHeschl_L4. 19E-043. 544Rolandic_Oper_RCingulate_Ant_L1. 45E-043. 819SupraMarginal_RHeschl_L2. 68E-043. 661Insula_RCingulate_Ant_L5. 27E-043. 481SupraMarginal_RHeschl_R3. 72E-043. 575Rolandic_Oper_RCingulate_Ant_R5. 22E-043. 484Cingulate_Ant_LTemporal_Sup_L1. 49E-043. 812OFCmed_LCingulate_Ant_R5. 34E-043. 478Cingulate_Ant_RTemporal_Sup_L5. 61E-043. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text lists various brain regions and associated numerical values but does not discuss or support the idea that advanced algorithms predict emotions based on brain scans. Thus, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: If DNMTs are dysfunctional in cancer cells, they deactivate the cancer suppressor genes or activate oncogenes (Moore et al. 2013). system could target the desired genes and engineer their functions to generate mutations in enzymes associated with epigenetic regulation (Adli 2018). Similarly, the system has the potential to change the genome of somatic cells. In 2015, Singh et al. , induced several organized mutations in a mice by using the system concomitantly. Numerous parameters involved in the diverse types of cancers were predicted (Singh et al. 2015). Bak et al. , used two lentiviruses associated with each other to express all the of relevant factors in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). The absence of functional mutations produced in these cells may led to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in mice (Heckl et al. 2014; Tothova et al. 2017). However, well-designed experiments in mouse of human genetic variants, e. g. ; SNPs involved by genome-wide association (GWA) findings, have been thought-provoking. Currently, however, practically any change mirroring human coding variants could be initiated in the mice genome. system provided a platform of opportunities for specific genome engineering in humanized mice (Birling et al. 2017; Fujihara and Ikawa 2014). system equips mouse geneticists with a powerful, quicker, improved, and cheaper genetic toolbox, exclusively capable of testing human disease-related issues in mouse research (Wu et al. 2013; Yoshimi et al. 2014). application to develop resistance against malaria by editing DNA of mosquitoScientists have used the system to create mosquitoes which can transfer resistance to malaria within the same species. For this, was used to modify the DNA by injecting it into female Anopheles mosquitoes, which is one of the major parasite carriers in tropical areas and most notoriously in the regions of sub-and Asia. The transmitted DNA is programmed with edited antibodies that could attack the malaria parasites (Gantz et al. 2015). This technique is still very new and requires further analyses and experimental designs before application. It is important to validate all the risk factors before its extensive use in nature. Once safely tested, it would be a great tool in the fight against fatal malaria. This application has shown 99. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various applications of CRISPR technology, such as engineering functions to generate mutations in genes related to cancer and modifying the DNA of mosquitoes to develop resistance against malaria. It highlights that the system provides a platform for specific genome engineering and a powerful toolbox for testing human disease-related issues, which aligns with the assertion that CRISPR can precisely edit specific genes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: Though physico-chemical characteristics (dissolved oxygen, TDS, pH, concentrations of nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, potassiums and phosphates) are similar in hydro-agricultural and river bank sites, there is a difference in mosquito abundance that might be related to the temperature of the water found in breeding sites [26], and the presence or not of aquatic plants as well as aquatic macro-invertebrates and vertebrates; these animals may behave as predators for mosquito larvae. Hydro-agricultural sites offer highly diversified ecosystems with multiple permanent breeding sites resulting from ridge furrows made during the planting season. The permanence of these breeding sites owes to the irrigation system set by farmers. Mosquito abundance recorded here may be due to the absence of shading plants resulting in highly sunlit breeding sites, favorable for the development of An. gambiae larvae, known to be a heliophilic species [19, 27]. Temperature between 28 and 30 °C may be favorable for rapid development of An. gambiae larvae [28]. The proliferation of anopheles mosquitoes in hydro-agricultural sites may also be caused by the use of fertilizers and chemicals by farmers. These chemicals may eliminate potential predators, therefore favoring the proliferation of An. gambiae larvae that are resistant to many of these chemicals [29]. On the reverse, river bank sites are rich with aquatic plants, mostly Pistia sp. These plants retain sunlight, resulting in lower temperature of breeding sites. Low temperatures are known to slow down the growth of the micro-organisms An. gambiae larvae feed on in their natural environment [30]. The low abundance of anopheles mosquitoes may also be due to the presence of larvivorous fish species such as Gambusia affinis (Guppy) found in river bank sites of less urbanized settings. A study carried out in fish paddies in India have shown that Gambusia affinis (Guppy) can cause up to 88 % reduction of the population of anopheles larvae. [31]. Moreover, presence of tadpoles, aquatic insects of the order Coleoptera and Hemiptera could also contribute to the reduction of anopheles larvae in river banks breeding sites. These animals exert predation on anopheles larvae or compete for food [32]. Fluctuations of aggressive anopheline mosquito density appear to depend on the regularity of crop irrigation, sunshine and rainfall. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific ecological conditions, particularly the interaction between hydro-agricultural sites and mosquito populations. It indicates that ecological factors such as temperature, presence of aquatic plants, and the use of fertilizers can significantly influence agricultural outcomes in these urban settings. These factors suggest that not all types of crops may thrive effectively due to environmental challenges present in urban agriculture, rather than simply asserting that all crops can grow there without any considerations of the ecological context.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: 464Precentral_RCingulate_Mid_L5. 75E-043. 458Cingulate_Mid_RTemporal_Sup_L4. 55E-043. 521 Table 2 The demographic characteristics of participants. Basic information Age (year)Gender (Male/Female)HandednessRace (White/Others)Education (years)BMIHead motionBPDiastolic28. 781±3. 696368/46365. 842±43. 911617/21414. 917±1. 79826. 513±5. 2380. 352±0. 13576. 641±10. 512BPSystolicTotal gray matter volumeDDisc_AUC_200DDisc_AUC_40KTotal white matter. 702±14. 013684867. 9±65398. 20. 254±0. 2010. 499±0. 287444066. 8±55413. 1Smoking informationSSAGA_TB_Smoking__TB_Yrs__TB_Yrs__FTND__HSI__TB_ Age_1 st__TB_Reg__TB_Hvy_CPD 461/37013. 834±4. 00613. 83±4. 012. 063±1. 8711. 571±1. 36916. 337±2. 30310. 098±6. 16312. 439±7. 253Drinking informationSSAGA_Alc_12_Drinks_Per__Alc_12__Alc_12_Frq__Alc_12_Max__Alc_Hvy__Alc_D4_Dp__Alc_D4_Ab__Alc_Hvy_ Drinks_Per_Day2. 271±1. 5804. 351±1. 5303. 114±0. 8632. 830±1. 8173. 438±1. 7770. 518±0. 7991. 593±1. 4223. 367±1. 745informationSSAGA_Mj_Use (No/Yes)SSAGA_Mj_Ab_Dep (No/Yes)SSAGA_Mj_Age_1 st__Mj_Times_Used379/452750/812. 612 ± 0. 9351. 398 ± 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides demographic and smoking/drinking information related to a study but does not address or provide any information about advanced algorithms predicting emotions based on brain scans. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: 5% promise of in vitro mattings between modified and unmodified mosquitoes (Ghorbal et al. 2014; Hammond et al. 2016). Application of in the treatment of HIV infectionLiang et al. (2016) of in Montreal, Canada applied to delete the viral DNA that had been integrated into the human host cell by repair mechanisms. These studies have shown promises that genetically repaired tissue could be generated to prevent viral DNA function. Khalili et al. (2017) of in Philadelphia have used similar approaches by targeting multiple sites to reduce any chance for virus escape or the emergence of virus resistance to the primary treatment. Results of gene-editing system to eliminate the HIV genome from the eukaryotic cells lines and success in the results have provided the potential of and promising strategies in treating HIV infection (Khalili et al. 2017; Ebina et al. 2013; Liao et al. 2015; Hu et al. 2014). Often when viral genome is edited, it could lyse the viruses, while in the other cases this manipulations could have the reverse effect by exacerbation of the viral infection in host cells (Lee and Lee 2019). On the contrary, if the viral repaired DNA takes an altered form, the cannot identify and attack the host any more. This system could attack on various segments of viral genome and cause further alteration resulting development of higher resistance to available treatments (Wang et al. 2016). Alternatively, simultaneous the -Cas9 system has been used for editing of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and considered it an hypothetically safe and promising approach to achieve treatment by protecting CD4(+) cells from HIV-1 infection (Liu et al. 2017; Allen et al. 2018; Kaminski et al. 2016). Particularly, few of current introduced systems may provide the opportunities and alternative potentials in current viral gene editing. A profound example of application in human embryo was done by He et al. (Unpublished). He used 16 embryos with and implanted 11 edited embryos into the wombs of women to attempt to create a viable twin pregnancy (Unpublished). He aimed to edit the gene to prevent the HIV in unborn twins (Lee 2019; Li et al. 2019). Medical applications of for personalized useAnother potential application of the technology could be in personal medical use, e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing various applications of gene-editing techniques, specifically mentioning CRISPR and its use in targeting multiple sites to reduce viral resistance and manipulating genes in embryos. It highlights the precision of gene editing in contexts such as HIV treatment and genetic manipulation of embryos, which aligns with the claim that CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of specific genes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: On the reverse, in the less urbanized setting of Akonolinga, overall EIR appeared to be lower in the hydro-agricultural site than in the river bank site. Thus, the development of inland valley swamps into hydro-agricultural lands has resulted in an increase in the anopheline biting rate and EIR in the urban area; in less urbanized areas, this resulted only in an increase of anopheline biting rate. ConclusionsThese results call for African leaders to define new orientations aimed at reducing the creation of mosquito breeding sites in the course of the development of inland valley swamps into hydro-agricultural lands both in urban and less urbanized settings. Similar investigations should be conducted in many other African cities where vegetable crops are part of the urban landscape, in order to collect entomological baseline data needed for the design of effective control strategies, adapted to eco-climatic characteristics of each urban site. Abbreviationsb/p/n: Bites/person/night CSP: Circumsporozoïtic protein EIR: Entomological inoculation rate ELISA: Enzyme linked immunobsorbent assay ib/p/n: Infective bites/person/night ib/p/y: Infective bites/person/year PCR: Reaction 2001. 2010. Accessed 20 May 2010. Effect of irrigation and large dams on the burden of malaria on a global and regional scale. Hyg. 2005;72:392–406. PubMed 6. CAS 6. CAS 33. CAS PubMed 1988. 1991. 1979. 1941. 1968. 55. Johannesburg, South Africa: Institute of Medical Research; 1987. 8. CAS PubMed 45. 4. 5. CAS 74. 82. 31. B. Aspect of malaria vector research in Africa. Mond Santé. 1956;15:847–51. 53. CAS 6. 34. 210. 151. 35. . Les Anophèles de l’ouest de l’Afrique. Mond Santé. 1956;15:565–72. 196. 64. 63. 65. 84. PubMed 7. 20. CAS 8. 78. CAS 10. 4. 0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the implications of developing hydro-agricultural lands in urban and less urbanized settings. It indicates that urban environments face specific challenges, such as an increase in mosquito breeding sites, which suggests that not every type of crop may thrive effectively given the unique eco-climatic characteristics and challenges present in urban agriculture settings.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: 693The comparison of demographic characteristics of different sub-groupsNon-smokerRegular SmokerStatistic*/p valueLow DrinkerHigh DrinkerStatistic*/p valueNumber of participants417203/311470/Age28. 50 ± 3. 7029. 62 ± 3. 58−3. 57/0. 000429. 28 ± 3. 6328. 49 ± 3. 702. 94/0. 0034Gender (male/female)162/255105/989. 23/0. 002497/214249/22136. 01 < 0. 0001Handedness67. 42 ± 41. 6464. 19 ± 45. 920. 88/0. 38167. 77 ± 43. 8664. 34 ± 44. 261. 06/0. 288Race (white/others)301/116163/404. 77/0. 029219/92369/1016. 59/0. 010SSAGA_Educ15. 23 ± 1. 6614. 15 ± 1. 917. 21 < 0. 000115. 17 ± 1. 7414. 79 ± 1. 832. 91/0. 004BMI26. 65 ± 5. 4626. 57 ± 4. 730. 19/0. 85226. 19 ± 5. 5426. 77 ± 4. 92−1. 52/0. 129Head Motion0. 087 ± 0. 0310. 095 ± 0. 038−2. 63/0. 0090. 085 ± 0. 0320. 090 ± 0. 033−1. 09/0. 057BPDiastolic76. 42 ± 10. 2077. 14 ± 10. 42−0. 82/0. 41075. 45 ± 10. 6277. 61 ± 10. 15−2. 86/0. 004BPSystolic122. 8 ± 13. 88125. 5 ± 13. 86−2. 26/0. 024121. 9 ± 13. 34125. 2 ± 13. 99−3. 33/0. 0009DDisc_AUC_2000. 264 ± 0. 1990. 202 ± 0. 1663. 83/0. 00010. 274 ± 0. 2100. 232 ± 0. 1862. 90/0. 0039DDisc_AUC_40K0. 510 ± 0. 2860. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it provides statistical data and demographic comparisons without addressing or discussing advanced algorithms or their potential to predict emotions from brain scans.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: ; embryonic stem cells would be engineered with the system, and then, modified ES cells would be re-injected into the patient. For this, prospective patients are characterized based on their genotype and presence or absence of targeted faulty genes. These studies are very preliminary and are largely depends on the first testing or whether this is safe for the patient. For example, RuvC domain recognizes and cleavage the double-stranded DNA that is not complementary to gRNA, then active site catalyzes the single-stranded DNA following general two-ion of HJs (Sundaresan et al. 2017). By designing a mutation in the the RuvC Nuclease domains of the system, scientists are planning to construct a engineered enzyme with lack of endonuclease activity and this, will be applied simply to facilitate identifying other targeted enzymes (Chen and Doudna 2017). Mutated Cas9 causes the target protein to lose its endonuclease property but reserve its capability to recognize its DNA in a desired targeted region to bind to the excising sgRNA sequences. While technology will be used to enhance the binding of more enzymes to Cas9, to bind this complex to the desired target site-Cas9, an increase in enzymatic activity will be occurred to eliminate the cleaving of the sequence (Safari et al. 2019). Scientists are also looking for more clues to whether they might be helping patients in need since new Cas9-based tools are still poorly explored. In a study conducted on SpCas9, the results of a modified Cas9 show that improvement of protein functions over domain fusion or splitting, rational scheme, and directed evolution is promising. Such protein engineering approaches proved to be more dynamic in the manipulation of DNA of organisms of the most interest, with safer precision, more accurate interaction with stimuli, and reduced or lack of toxicity, and more efficient application. In addition to engineered Cas9, sgRNA engineering has been developed to improve application, and both techniques have enhanced the tailored Cas9 tool applications. Cas9 could be used for simple or multiplex approaches for different genome editing and gene therapy. Epigenetic studies have shown reversible property of epigenetic correction, comprising DNA methylation, which has been now being used in cancer therapy for altering the epigenetic field (Shalem et al. 2014). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of CRISPR technology, specifically the application of modified Cas9 and sgRNA for targeted genome editing. It explains how engineered enzymes can precisely engage with specific DNA sequences, which aligns with the notion of 'precise editing of specific genes'. Additionally, it highlights how the manipulation of DNA through these advancements provides more efficient and accurate gene therapy, further supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: Selectivity of weed harrowing with sensor technology in cereals in derivation of weed densities from images for site-specific weed management Assessment of a ground-based weed mapping system in maize Evolution of agricultural machinery: the third way Mass flow sensor for combines with bucket conveyors Automated, low-cost yield mapping of wild blueberry fruit Development and first tests of a farm monitoring system based on a client-server technology Agri yield management: practical solutions for profitable and sustainable agriculture based on advanced technology Flow behaviour analysis of a RFID-Tracer for traceability of grain On-the-go measurement of soil gamma radiation Combined sensor system for mapping soil properties Reproducibility of different composite sampling schemes for soil phosphorus The capability of non-destructive geophysical methods in precision agriculture to capture subsoil mechanical strength Comparison of different EC-mapping sensors Comparison of directional semi-variograms for mouldboard plough and field cultivator draught Mapping traffic patterns for soil compaction studies using GIS Searching for the cause of variability Delineation of site-specific management zones using geostatistics and fuzzy clustering analysis Mapping spatial variation in growing willow using small UAS iSOIL: exploring the soil as the basis for sustainable crop production and precision farming The economic potential of precision farming: an interim report with regard to nitrogen fertilization Optimal path planning for field operations Combined coverage and path planning for field operations From sensor values to a map: accuracy of spatial modelling methods in agricultural machinery works Field-scale model of the spatio-temporal vine water status in a viticulture system Hydropedology and pedotransfer functions A multi agent simulation approach to assess agronomic income sources in the Plain: case study for Sensitivity to climate change with respect to agriculture production in and the temporal stability of landscape defined management zones: a time series analysis Bioclimatic modelling of the future ranges of crop species: an analysis of propagated uncertainty A framework for motion coordination of small teams of agricultural robots Model-based loading of agricultural trailers Procedures of soil farming allowing to reduce compaction Parallel guidance system for tractor-trailer system with active joint A vision-guided mobile robot for precision agriculture An imaging system to characterise the mechanical behaviour of fertilisers in the context of centrifugal spreading New high speed image acquisition system and image processing techniques for fertiliser granule trajectory determination Simulating the physiological dynamics of winter wheat after grazing Modelling competition for below-ground resources and light within a [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various advanced agricultural technologies and methods but does not support the idea that every type of crop can be effectively grown in urban settings. The mention of precision agriculture and site-specific management emphasizes the variability and specificity needed in agricultural practices, suggesting that some crops may not be suitable for urban agriculture.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: 438 ± 0. 2782. 95/0. 00330. 516 ± 0. 2910. 480 ± 0. 2801. 75/0. 081SSAGA_TB_Smoking_History (never/used)417203/113/98251/21921. 91 < 0. 0001SSAGA_TB_Yrs_Smoked/13. 87 ± 3. 98/13. 20 ± 4. 7014. 15 ± 3. 61−1. 56/0. 119SSAGA_Alc_12_Drinks_Per_Day1. 978 ± 1. 4782. 842 ± 1. 756−6. 41 < 0. 00010. 823 ± 0. 3823. 223 ± 1. 320−31. 2 < 0. 0001SSAGA_Alc_12_Frq4. 717 ± 1. 3563. 980 ± 1. 6685. 88 < 0. 00015. 03 ± 1. 293. 91 ± 1. 5110. 73 < 0. 0001SSAGA_Mj_Use (never/used)256/16129/74122. 0 < 0. 0001173/138162/30834. 21 < 0. 0001SSAGA_Mj_Times_Used0. 779 ± 1. 2732. 783 ± 1. 800−15. 97 < 0. 00011. 016 ± 1. 4581. 777 ± 1. 791−6. 245 < 0. 0001 Values are n or mean ± SD. The fractions provided in the some rows show the numbers of individuals who did not had the property shown in the column/the number who did. *: A group difference (independent samples t test or χ2 test). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely numerical and statistical in nature, presenting data on substance use and associated measurements, without addressing any claims related to advanced algorithms predicting emotions through brain scans. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: Epigenetic editing at specific loci is another great approach for gene expression, and theCas9-based approach has been developed for a precise DNA methylation, comprised of dCas9 nuclease and catalytic domain of the DNMT3A. This tool targets gRNA of DNA and consists of CpG methylation segment. Once gRNA targets the dCas9-DNMT3A, several adjacent sites will be created, which enables methylation to increase in larger amounts and results in promoting greater increase of the direct DNA methylation in the sequence region of the target loci IL6ST and BACH2, eventually decreasing their expression (Vojta et al. 2016; Lei et al. 2018; Josipovic et al. 2019) (Fig. 3). Fig. 3Timeline of key events in discovery and application of systemFull size imageEthical factors for therapeutic application of and gene surgery could be a valuable approach in germline editing, these technologies grow more in scope. Since changes to germline could be passed on to the next generations, using the tool has raised several social and ethical interests over its application, and these powerful tools deserve greater considerations (Walani and Biermann 2017; Brokowski 2018; Colnaghi et al. 2011). It is a fact that seven million children are born with lethal genetic disorders every year (Liu et al. 2015). The promising use of as a tool for gene editing to treat defective unborn children, involving the success and accessibility of diagnosis and design, the treatment has generated debates among researchers to propose ethical guidelines for approval of this approach in preclinical settings (Curtis 2011). A survey conducted in 2018 of over 2500 Americans (Montoliu et al. 2018) showed general knowledge and acceptance of the idea for gene surgery in human embryos. While the vast majority of the USA population are not in favor of vaccination, blood transfusion, in vitro fertilization and organ transplant to save lives, it is difficult to press the issue to support the potential application of in mankind to treat serious diseases. The public’s general knowledge is highly influenced by media, the idea of “barcoded humans, supper soldiers, or designer babies” does not represent the extensive clinical research in this field and requires clear vision for public (Silverman 2018; Jasanoff and Hurlbut 2018). Scientists equipped with this powerful technique should not use it as an enhancement tool for different human characteristics. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing a technique involving dCas9 and DNMT3A for precise epigenetic editing at specific loci, which illustrates the capabilities of CRISPR technology in targeting and modifying specific genes. The description of targeting gRNA and the ability to induce increased methylation at specific genetic sites provides evidence of CRISPR's precision in gene editing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: Skip to Content eLife home page your research Search by keyword or author Reset form my search to 10. 7554/eLife. 35103 Open access Copyright information Version of RecordMay 24, 2018 Open annotations (there are currently 0 annotations on this page). 4,107 views 498 downloads 47 5103. Copy to clipboard Download BibTeX Download. RIS Full text Figures and data Peer review Side by side Peer review process Decision letter Author response Peer review process This 2005. [Editors’ note: what now follows is the decision letter after the authors submitted for further consideration. ] Thank you for resubmitting your work entitled "Plant diversity promotes biocontrol services, reduces insecticide use and increases rice yield in urban agriculture" for further consideration at eLife. Your revised 10. 7554/eLife. 35103. 037 Author response [Editors’ note: the author responses to the first round of peer review follow. ] We thank the editors for their comments and suggestions, which helped us greatly to improve the quality of the manuscript. We have carefully studied the reviews and revised our manuscript accordingly. Reviewer #1: As mentioned at the pre-submission stage, I find this study potentially very relevant and interesting for a broad readership because it shows that farm-level plant diversity may increase crop protection by encouraging predators of pests such that less chemical pest control will be necessary without yield losses. My problems with the full submission remain, namely that the authors do not clearly enough explain the lack of randomization in the 15-year study (was it their choice not to randomize or was it because they met a "natural experiment" that had been started by others with lack of knowledge about statistical design) and use inappropriate, simple statistics. The first problem may be resolved by explaining in more detail who prepared the study and why it was not randomized. We thank the editor for these important comments. We now explain fully the origin and background of the study, and the nature of the data. The answers to the question are found in the revised manuscript: “To test our hypothesis, we refer to monitoring data collected from 34 community farms in 9 districts in suburbs of Shanghai, and we conducted two more controlled experiments for further verification. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a specific study on plant diversity in urban agriculture that implies not all crops may benefit equally from urban settings. It mentions challenges like the lack of randomization in the study and how the research is based on monitoring data from community farms, which suggests variations in crop suitability and effectiveness in such environments.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: BPDiastolic: – Systolic; BPSystolic: – Diastolic; DDisc_AUC_200: Delay Discounting: the Curve (AUC) for Discounting of $200; DDisc_AUC_40K: Delay Discounting: the Curve for Discounting of $40,000; PMAT24_A_CR: Matrices: Number of Correct Responses; PMAT24_A_RTCR: Matrices: Time for Correct Responses; Flanker_AgeAdj: and Attention Test: Age-Score; ListSort_AgeAdj: : Age-Score; PicSeq_AgeAdj: : Age-Score; SCPT_TP: Test: = Sum of CPN_TP and CPL_TP; SSAGA_TB_Smoking_History: Smoking history: never smoked (0), experimented 1–19 times (1), experimented 20–99 times (2), regular smoker (3); SSAGA_TB_Yrs_Smoked: Years smoked (1–5 years = 5; 6–10 = 10; 11–15 = 15; 16+ = 18); SSAGA_FTND_Score: Fagerstrom FTND (test for nicotine dependence) score: 4 + indicative of dependence;>6 recoded as 6); SSAGA_HSI_Score: Fagerstrom HSI Score: HSI measure of tobacco dependence; SSAGA_TB_Age_1 st_Cig: For regular smokers, age first smoked a cigarette (even a puff); SSAGA_TB_Reg_CPD: Cigarettes per day when smoking regularly; SSAGA_TB_Hvy_CPD: Cigarettes per day during heaviest period; SSAGA_Alc_12_Drinks_Per_Day: Drinks consumed per drinking day in past 12 months: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5–6 = 5, 7+ = 6; SSAGA_Alc_12_Frq: Frequency of any alcohol use in past 12 months; SSAGA_Alc_12_Frq_Drk: Frequency drunk in past 12 months; SSAGA_Alc_12_Max_Drinks: Max drinks in a single day in past 12 months; SSAGA_Alc_Hvy_Fr [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely a list of abbreviations and descriptions related to various assessments and measurements, such as blood pressure and smoking history, without any reference to advanced algorithms, predictions, emotions, or brain scans. Therefore, it does not provide relevant information to support or rebut the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: CRISPR technology allows precise editing of specific genes. [SEP] Text: Scientific communities, advocates, and ethicists should review ethics diligently, (Jiankui et al. 2018; Brenner 2002) based on personal ethics, religious beliefs, cultural values and public-health challenges. This requires debating and developing exclusive national and international safe guidelines for its unique applications in clinical trials (Silverman 2018; Regalado 2015; Nelson et al. 2016; Brokowski 2018). ConclusionPreviously, genome manipulation of humans was a theoretical concept; now, however, with the technique we are taking noticeable steps to make that dream a reality. The evolution of every cutting-edge tools and technologies is crucial for scientific advancement. Nobel laureate is quoted as saying, “Progress in science depends on new techniques, new discoveries and new ideas, probably in that order” (Mollanoori and Teimourian 2018). It’s incredible to see how rapidly research development has progressed, and this fascinating progress in the development of diverse range of -based approches in just 20 years has shown promise in therapeutic applications, which is exciting for biomedical researchers (Baltimore et al. 2015). technology makes it promising to change genomes of nearly every organism under any conditions and continues to improve in a very precise, programmable platform in science for different biological and translational applications. It has become more convenient, cost effective, and well adapted in labs and biotechnology companies. has increased our knowledge of DNA regulation and organization in every living cells across diverse species and continues to transform molecular biology, medicine, and biotechnology (Doench 2018; Funk and Hefferon 2018). For scientists in the field of research, development of this system has led to the transformation of genome editing and has provide the great opportunities for therapeutic uses. Research labs are finding new applications in biomedical the engineering field and are exploring more purposes compared with other technologies. Progress in the development and understanding of has revolutionized the field of medicine by specifying the demand for this technology in the prevention or the treatment of majority of genetic diseases (Hsu et al. 2014). medical applications are developing and focus on treatment of cancer, HIV and other genetic disorders are on top list of clinical researchers, e. g. eradicating genetic defects in human embryos by using the technique (Regalado 2015). The major obstacle for therapeutic use of in humans would be the correct delivery of editing reagents for effective gene correction in vivo or in stem cells that could be exploited to re-introduced into patients (Park 2016). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how CRISPR technology has transformed genome editing, allowing for precise alterations in nearly every organism's genome. It mentions that the technology is 'a very precise, programmable platform' and emphasizes its role in 'the transformation of genome editing.' Additionally, it references the application of this technology for therapeutic uses, which further supports the claim of its precision in editing specific genes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: […] Since the diverse and mono-rice farms were located in different areas of the city, group members from the of supplemented the monitoring data with two controlled experiments, in which both treatments were performed at two locations over two years in a complete random design. ” The second problem can be easily resolved by requesting the help of someone who knows how to properly analyze data from such experiments as the authors carried out. One possible statistical model for the 15-year study is: y ~ farm type + farm identity within farm type + year linear contrast + year as factor + farm type x linear year + farm identity x linear year + farm type x factorial year Here "farm identity within farm type" is a random-effects term and must be included in the model to serve as an error term for "farm type" (which is now tested wrongly against the residual). Similarly, "farm identity x linear year" can be used as error term to test "farm type x linear year" if the authors decide to make this probably useful linear contrast. It seems the authors also used t-tests in which they used the year-averages of y for the two farm types. However, this is not allowed because those are repeated measures of the same set of control and treatment farms. It is like comparing the height of a single tree given nutrients with that of a single control tree, using 15 years of growth data as replicates to test if there are significant effects of nutrients on tree height in more than the two particular tree individuals. The model suggested by the reviewer has formed the basis of the re-analyses we had carried out. An appropriate statistical model for testing the farm-type effect should account for two design aspects of the 15-year monitoring studies: that farm identity is nested within farm type, and that there are longitudinal repeated measurements within each farm identity across the 15-year study period. To this end, we have re-analyzed the monitoring data based on the following model: yijk=β0+β1farmTypei+β2yearFactorialj+β12farmTypei×yearFactorialj+μijk μijk=b0,ik+b1,ikyearj+b2,ikyearj2+b3,ikyearj3+ϵijk, i nested within farm type i. Finally, ϵijk is the random noise term for each individual measurement. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific complexities involved in analyzing agricultural data and the limitations of experimental designs used in farming research. It suggests that there are significant factors, such as farm type and identity, and the nature of monitoring metrics, that need to be considered, implying that not every type of crop can be effectively grown under all conditions in urban agriculture.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: q: Frequency of any alcohol use, heaviest 12 month period; SSAGA_Alc_D4_Dp_Sx: Number of DSM4 Criteria Endorsed; SSAGA_Alc_D4_Ab_Dx: DSM4 Criteria Met; SSAGA_Alc_Hvy_Drinks_Per_Day: Drinks per day in heaviest 12 month period; SSAGA_Mj_Use: Ever used marijuana: no = 0; yes = 1; SSAGA_Mj_Ab_Dep: Participant meets DSM criteria for Marijuana Dependence; SSAGA_Mj_Age_1 st_Use: Age at first marijuana use:<=14 = 1; 15–17 = 2; 18–20 = 3;>=21 = 4; SSAGA_Mj_Times_Used: Times used marijuana: never used = 0; 1–5 = 1; 6–10 = 2; 11–25 = 3; 26–50 = 3; 51–100 = 3; 101–999 = 4; 1000–2000 = 5;>2000 = 5. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides a list of data points related to substance use and does not address or relate to the claim regarding advanced algorithms predicting emotions from brain scans. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing has shown promise in treating genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. [SEP] Text: Fifteen trials compared dornase alfa to placebo (a dummy treatment with no active medication) or no dornase alfa treatment (2447 people); two compared daily dornase to hypertonic saline (32 people); one compared daily dornase alfa with hypertonic saline and alternate day dornase alfa (48 people); and one compared dornase alfa to mannitol and the combination of both drugs (38 people). People from all age groups (infants through to adults) took part in the trials which lasted from six days to three years. Key results The review found evidence that dornase alfa improves lung function within one month when compared to a placebo or no treatment and this improvement was also seen in longer trials lasting from six months to two years; there were also fewer flare ups of the condition in these longer trials. One trial found that the cost savings from dornase alfa offset 18% to 38% of the medication costs. The results from trials comparing dornase alfa to hypertonic saline or mannitol were mixed. One trial showed a greater improvement in lung function with dornase alfa compared to hypertonic saline, and three trials found no difference between medications. In the only trial to assess the combination of dornase alfa with another medication compared to dornase alfa alone, there was no benefit seen with the combination of dornase alfa and mannitol. Overall, no serious side effects were reported, with only rash and a change in voice seen more frequently in those people taking dornase alfa. However, it is not definitively clear from the current evidence if dornase alfa is better than other medications such as hypertonic saline or mannitol. Quality of the evidence The quality of evidence from the trials comparing dornase alfa to placebo or no treatment was moderate to high for lung function results, but only one trial reported any changes in quality of life so the evidence for this outcome is limited. Also, there were few trials comparing different treatment schedules of dornase alfa (e. g. once a day versus twice a day) or comparing dornase alfa to other medications which help with clearing secretions, so current evidence from these trials is limited and of low quality. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses clinical trials related to dornase alfa, a treatment for cystic fibrosis, but it does not provide any information about gene editing. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast the claim regarding gene editing, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every type of crop can be grown effectively in urban agriculture settings. [SEP] Text: The depth of the network model is at least 17 layers and up to 44 layers, and the downsampling ranges from 8X to 32X, which properly avoids the problem of network degradation and reduces the difficulty of network training. TBS block Although the residual structure (He et al. , 2016b) solves the problem of network degradation very well, the Identity map makes the effective perception field smaller (Luo et al. , 2016). To overcome the problem of receptive field degradation, TbsNet draws lessons from the success of Residual block and Inception in structure, adopts a double-branch structure similar to Residual block, studies and improves the Identity map and Bottleneck units in Residual block (Fig. 1). Figure 1: The design of the TBS block (thin-branch structure block). (A) Is the TBS block we designed. (B) Is the stack unit of the TBS block which is based on pointwise Conv1×1, depthwise Conv3×3, SE (squeeze and expand), and Asymmetric Conv. (C) Is the bottleneck block of ResNets. (D) Is a simple stacking of Conv3×3 to elevate the receptive field. Download full-size image DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 1429/fig-1 Improvements on the shortcut In the residual block of ResNet (He et al. , 2016b, 2016a), the function of the shortcut is identity mapping. We improve the shortcut branch and try to replace Conv1×1 with Conv3×3 to obtain richer advanced feature information and make it have better feature alignment ability (Fig. 1). Compared with the Residual block (Fig. 1), the function of the shortcut is aligning features rather than preventing network degradation. Design of stack unit In Fig. 1, we replace a Bottleneck module by stacking three Conv3×3 to improve the receptive field. This method is similar to the reparameterization of RepVgg (Ding et al. , 2021), with the drawback of increasing params and FLOPs (Fig. 1D). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses technical aspects of deep learning network models, specifically focusing on improvements to the TBS block, residual structures, and feature alignment. It does not address urban agriculture or the effectiveness of growing crops in that context, thus failing to corroborate or contrast the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Certain claims suggest that advanced algorithms might predict emotions based on brain scans. [SEP] Text: For more details for each term, it is available on the website: Additional files Supplementary file 1 The anatomical regions defined in each hemisphere and their label in the automated anatomical labelling atlas AAL2. Column four provides a set of possible abbreviations for the anatomical descriptions. Download elife-40765-supp1-v2. docx Supplementary file 2 The demographic characteristics of participants from the dataset. Download elife-40765-supp2-v2. docx Transparent reporting form Download elife-40765-transrepform-v2. docx Download links A two-part list of links to download the 0765. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it provides information about supplementary files and anatomical regions without mentioning advanced algorithms, emotions, or predictions based on brain scans.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing has shown promise in treating genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. [SEP] Text: No drug was lost to the environment with the Halolite® while 600 mcg were lost to the environment with the Pari LC plus® (Devadason 2001) Nebuliser systems for delivering other aerosolised medications Six studies are included in this intervention (Devadason 1997; Kastelik 2002; Köhler 2003; Marshall 1994; Newman 1988; Thomas 1991). Conventional versus conventional system Three studies are compared different conventional systems (Devadason 1997; Marshall 1994; Newman 1988). Devadason compared four different conventional nebuliser systems in a cross‐over study and we are unable to present these data in the meta‐analysis; instead they are presented in the additional tables (Table 1). Open in table viewerTable 1. Comparison of four conventional nebulisers for administering salbutamol (Devadson 1997) Outcome MA MA&time (min) 10. 8 (3. 2) 10. 2 (2. 3) 11. 8 (3. 0) 10. 0 (2. 2) Deposition (%) 9. 35 (2. 74) 13. 85 (5. 45) 17. 2 (6. 83) 19. 2 (5. 78) P5. 56 (0. 21) 6. 19 (0. 13) 3. 57 (0. 07) 5. 5 (0. 17) Medication remaining (%) 54. 5 (18. 2) 55. 7 (7. 0) 56. 3 (13. 5) 57. 9 (7. 4) All data are presented as means (standard deviations) MA: II® MA&M: II® with miser PLC: Pari LC Plus® VS: Ventstream® Primary outcomes 1. Treatment time Only the single‐dose four‐arm study by Devadason assessed this outcome (Devadason 1997). When administering salbutamol, Devadason found for the Pari LC Plus® to be quickest mean (SD) treatment time of 10. 0 (2. 2) minutes and the Ventstream® to be slowest at 11. 8 (3. 0) minutes (Table 1). 3. three studies reported on this outcome (Devadason 1997; Marshall 1994; Newman 1988). Devadason used filter deposition to assess drug delivery to participants (Devadason 1997). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various nebulizer systems for delivering medication and compares treatment outcomes related to salbutamol, but it does not address gene editing or its effectiveness in treating genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis. Therefore, it neither corroborates nor contrasts the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain ensures transparency by recording every transaction in a secure ledger. [SEP] Text: MQTT is a network protocol that requires minimal bandwidth and consumes very low memory. IoT devices or the sensors will read data like temperature, humidity, and light exposure from the environment, and that data needs to be shared across the whole system eventually to the users. MQTT protocol provides such functionality that enables us to do that. MQTT provides a subscription and publishes based model. The system will have several topics on the MQTT server, and the clients will subscribe to specific topics for looking into the data and publishing data frequently to the server under that topic. Implementation and testing We used an Ethereum, blockchain-based environment to implement and test the mechanism of blockchain. For writing smart contracts, we selected Solidity. environment was used for creating and testing the core implementation of the proposed system. Building the whole system is not the purpose of our interest. However, an architecture directive approach is demonstrated throughout our paper. In this section, we shall discuss the implementation in detail and also show the testing results. objective of our work is to show the applicability and opportunity of blockchain in the field of agriculture while ensuring traceability. The fundamental goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the use of blockchain and smart contracts can trace the agricultural products from field level production and continue tracing until the product reaches the consumer base. The system also monitors the pricing along the process. Figures 4, 5 and 7 shows clear interaction among the system components and actors. We considered the process into segments, the pre-harvesting period, and the post-harvest period. The working procedure in both segments is discussed below. A. Pre-harvest In the pre-harvest period, the system monitors the storage condition that directly impacts the quality of seed, that is, temperature, humidity, and light exposure. Smart contract can execute self-checks for these values and perform a violation trigger. Self-check follows the algorithm below. Algorithm 1: Self check algorithms. Result: Smart contract conducts a periodical self checks. Data: value read by IoT device. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not provide information directly supporting, contrasting, or being relevant to the claim about blockchain ensuring transparency through secure ledger transactions. Instead, it discusses the MQTT protocol and its functionality in an IoT context, along with the implementation of a blockchain in agricultural traceability, without mentioning the transparency aspect of transactions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some theorists argue that mapping cognitive functions will unlock the secrets of artificial consciousness. [SEP] Text: Printable page A deep learning model to unlock secrets of animal movement and behaviour Cédric Sueur based on reviews by and 1 anonymous reviewer A recommendation of: MoveFormer: a Transformer-based model for step-selection animal movement modelling Ondřej Cífka, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, (2023), bioRxiv, ver. 4, peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Ecology Read preprint in preprint server Data used for results Codes used in this study Scripts used to obtain or analyze results -CN Submission: posted 22 March 2023, validated 22 March 2023Recommendation: posted 29 September 2023, validated 29 September 2023 Cite this recommendation as:Sueur, C. (2023) A deep learning model to unlock secrets of animal movement and behaviour. in Ecology, 100531. 10. 24072/pci. ecology. 100531 study of animal movement is essential for understanding their behaviour and how ecological or global changes impact their routines [1]. Recent technological advancements have improved the collection of movement data [2], but limited statistical tools have hindered the analysis of such data [3–5]. Animal movement is influenced not only by environmental factors but also by internal knowledge and memory, which are challenging to observe directly [6,7]. Routine movement behaviours and the incorporation of memory into models remain understudied. Researchers have developed ‘MoveFormer’ [8], a deep learning-based model that predicts future movements based on past context, addressing these challenges and offering insights into the importance of different context lengths and information types. The model has been applied to a dataset of over 1,550 trajectories from various species, and the authors have made the MoveFormer source code available for further research. Inspired by the step-selection framework and efforts to quantify uncertainty in movement predictions, MoveFormer leverages deep learning, specifically the Transformer architecture, to encode trajectories and understand how past movements influence current and future ones – a critical question in movement ecology. The results indicate that integrating information from a few days to two or three weeks before the movement enhances predictions. The model also accounts for environmental predictors and offers insights into the factors influencing animal movements. Its potential impact extends to conservation, comparative analyses, and the generalisation of uncertainty-handling methods beyond ecology, with open-source code fostering collaboration and innovation in various scientific domains. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a deep learning model for understanding animal movement and behavior, rather than addressing cognitive functions or artificial consciousness. The focus is on ecological data and predictions related to animal trajectories, without any connection to theories about consciousness.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing has shown promise in treating genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. [SEP] Text: Although AAV is not known to cause disease in humans, the group from of London and St. Jude Children’s has reported that at least four out of six participants of the trial who received the higher dose of the viral vector, had a transient increase in their markers of liver inflammation (Nathwani 2011; Nathwani 2014; NCT00979238). Similar transient elevation of liver enzymes, which resolved with prophylactic steroid therapy was also reported in another study using a different serotype of AAV (NCT02396342; Miesbach 2016). Recently a phase 1 study (NCT02695160) that utilizes a novel gene editing technique using zinc finger nucleases has also started recruiting participants. If successful, this technique will be a promising alternative to the approach of introducing a transgene to cure haemophilia, as discussed above. A single phase 1/2 clinical trial studying the efficacy and safety of escalating doses of BMN270, an AAV gene therapy product for haemophilia A recently concluded enrolling participants (NCT02576795). In their preliminary results, the investigators reported up to more than 150% factor VIII activity correction with a single infusion of the viral vector (Pas 2016). This is the first report of a successful gene therapy product for haemophilia A in humans. Despite this initial success of these techniques long‐term safety of these methods is yet to be ascertained. As a new paradigm in the treatment of haemophilia, gene therapy will first need to undergo long‐term follow‐up studies to demonstrate sustained efficacy and affordability. Long‐term safety of the gene therapy vectors in terms of insertional mutagenesis or host immune response and tolerance, will have to be demonstrated before gene therapy becomes widely used. Availability of newer factor concentrates, with much longer half‐lives, requiring less frequent infusions as compared to the existing factor concentrates, are changing the standard of patient care already (Carcao 2014; Konkle 2015; Young 2015; Powell 2013; Santagostino 2016). New drugs have been developed which have shown promise in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy by preventing premature termination of gene translation due to nonsense mutations (which produce premature stop codons) (NCT00803205; NCT00847379). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by mentioning that new drugs have shown promise in the treatment of cystic fibrosis by preventing premature termination of gene translation due to nonsense mutations. This indicates that gene editing techniques may be beneficial in treating genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Blockchain ensures transparency by recording every transaction in a secure ledger. [SEP] Text: , 2020; Hiromoto, Haney & Vakanski, 2017; Abdel-Basset, Manogaran & Mohamed, 2018; Ben-Daya, Hassini & Bahroun, 2019). Though our system tries to avoid dubious conditions by implementing smart regulatory contracts, there are still some flaws in the system. As blockchain is still in its inception stage, there’s an issue of optimizing it for real world systems (Casino, Dasaklis & Patsakis, 2019). Table 1 show a comparison analysis of our system with recent works in the field of agriculture using blockchain. The challenges and advantages represent the analysis of our system. A gas cost analysis has also been attached in Table 2. Table 1: System comparison with existing methods. (2017) Caro et al. (2018) Kim et al. (2018) Lin et al. (2018) Devi et al. (2019) Salah et al. (2019) Umamaheswari et al. (2019) Kamble, Gunasekaran & Sharma (2020) Bumblauskas et al. (2020) Shahid et al. (2020) Provide system implementation ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ Traceability ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Control over the system (Smart Contract) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Enable informed purchase decision ability of customers ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ Real-time data ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ Reduce fraud ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ Remove third party ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Fair pricing ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓ DOI: 10. 7717/peerj-cs. 407/table-1 Table 2: Gas costs of different operations. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by noting that, despite blockchain's potential for transparency, there are still challenges associated with its implementation, including flaws in the system and optimization for real-world applications. The mention of 'dubious conditions' and the system being in its 'inception stage' indicates that blockchain may not yet fully secure complete transparency in transactions as suggested in the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some theorists argue that mapping cognitive functions will unlock the secrets of artificial consciousness. [SEP] Text: Indeed, this method could be applied to analyse other kinds of movements, such as arm movements during tool use [9], pen movements, or eye movements during drawing [10], to better understand anticipation in actions and their intentionality. 1. Méndez, V. ; Campos, D. ; Bartumeus, F. in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, in Synergetics; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; ISBN 978-3-642-39009-8. 2. Fehlmann, G. ; King, A. J. Bio-Logging. Curr. Biol. 2016, 26, R830-R831. 3. Jacoby, D. M. ; Freeman, R. Emerging Network-in Movement Ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2016, 31, 301-314. 4. Michelot, T. ; Langrock, R. ; Patterson, T. A. moveHMM: Package for the of. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2016, 7, 1308-1315. 5. Wang, G. for Behavior from Location and Movement Data. Ecol. Inform. 2019, 49, 69-76. 6. Noser, R. ; Byrne, R. W. Analysis of Insights into of Wild Baboons. Am. J. Primatol. 2014, 76, 399-409. 7. Fagan, W. F. ; Lewis, M. A. ; Auger‐Méthé, M. ; Avgar, T. ; Benhamou, S. ; Breed, G. ; LaDage, L. ; Schlägel, U. E. ; Tang, W. ; Papastamatiou, Y. P. . Ecol. Lett. 2013, 16, 1316-1329. 8. Cífka, O. ; Chamaillé-Jammes, S. ; Liutkus, A. MoveFormer: A Transformer-for Step-Movement Modelling. bioRxiv 2023, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by in Ecology. 9. Ardoin, T. ; Sueur, C. of Stone-in. 2023, 10. Martinet, L. ; Pelé, M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding cognitive functions and artificial consciousness. Instead, it discusses the application of methods to analyze movements for understanding anticipation and intentionality, which is unrelated to the claim about cognitive mapping and artificial consciousness.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing has shown promise in treating genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. [SEP] Text: Nine trials were conducted in children (Amin 2016; Balinotti 2015; Brown 2010; Donaldson 2013; NCT01619657; NCT02378467; Nenna 2017; Palacio 2014; 2018) and three in adults (Corcoran 2017; Hofmann 1997; NCT01355796) and three in mixed age groups (Dwyer 2013; NCT00928135; NCT01377792; NCT03391414). Ongoing studies There are three ongoing trials identified from trials registries (NCT02276898; NCT02343445; NCT02950883). All three were described as randomised controlled trials, two of parallel design (NCT02343445; NCT02950883) and one of cross‐over design (NCT02276898). Duration of the three trials was a single administration (NCT02276898), 15 days (NCT02343445) and 48 weeks (NCT02950883). Two trials used hypertonic saline 7% (NCT02276898; NCT02950883) and one trial compared P‐1037 solution for inhalation in hypertonic saline (4. 2%) to P‐1037 solution for inhalation in 0. 17% isotonic saline (NCT02343445). The long‐term trial was in children only (NCT02950883), but the remaining two trials recruited both children and adults (NCT02276898; NCT02343445). Risk of bias in included studies Please refer to the risk of bias figure (Figure 1). Open in figure viewer Figure 1 Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. of the randomisation sequence No details of the randomisation process were provided by 10 trials (Adde 2004; Cardinale 2003; Chadwick 1997; Laube 2009; Mainz 2015; Robinson 1996; Robinson 1997; Robinson 1999; Suri 2001; Weller 1980). For nine of these we judged the risk of bias to be unclear; however, additional data received from confirmed that a random numbers table was used to generate the randomisation sequence (Adde 2004), as such we judged this trial to have a low risk of bias. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various trials related to treatments involving gene therapy for different age groups, including children and adults. Although it does not explicitly confirm the efficacy of gene editing for cystic fibrosis, the mention of conducted trials in the context of treating genetic disorders provides indirect support that research into gene therapies is ongoing and thus suggests potential promise in addressing conditions like cystic fibrosis.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptocurrencies are entirely immune to fraud and hacking. [SEP] Text: & & & & &Aa : español español& & caption full caption right caption left caption center &A expert &A expert 1 Slide 2 Slides 3 Slides 4 Slides 5 Slides 6 Slides 7 full width center : NIH/NIAID (CC-BY-4. 0) Human natural killer cells (one shown in this false-colored scanning electron micrograph) are one type of immune cell that UCSF’s and his colleagues are engineering for therapeutic use. Health & Disease Q&A — Synthetic biologist Hacking the immune system How the body’s own defense cells can be turned into tiny, programmable assassins to battle cancers and other disorders Underwood 02. 13. 2018 sound science and smart storiesHelp us make scientific knowledge accessible to allDonate today The immune system is an essential sentinel: It attacks foreign pathogens and destroys our own cells when they become a threat. It runs seamlessly most of the time, but it can also make mistakes, failing to root out cancer cells or waywardly attacking healthy tissues. The immune system’s power and perils have inspired scientists’ quickening efforts to genetically “hack” it, using viruses and other gene editing technology to endow existing immune cells with new abilities. The goal is to make cells that can be deployed like minuscule commandos to seek and destroy tumors, subdue inflammation and self-destruct on command. : (CC BY-ND)Synthetic and cell biologist Wendell LimUniversity of California, San FranciscoThere’s a long way to go before engineered immune cells achieve that level of precision. Yet the approach, part of a booming branch of medicine called immunotherapy, has already achieved some stunning successes. In cancer treatment, for example, white blood cells engineered to kill cancer cells — known as CAR T cells — have been shown to effectively treat some blood cancers, including the most common form of childhood leukemia. But such cells can also have dangerous — even deadly — side effects and aren’t yet effective against solid tumors such as colorectal and breast cancer. Researchers hope to eventually use engineered immune cells to treat a range of illnesses, not only cancers but also autoimmune diseases such as diabetes and neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Synthetic biologist of the University of California, San Francisco, studies how immune cells process information and make decisions, and how to harness those abilities for medicine. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim because it does not address the security of cryptocurrencies at all. Instead, it discusses the immune system and advancements in immunotherapy, which are unrelated to the potential vulnerabilities of cryptocurrencies to fraud and hacking. By failing to mention any characteristics of cryptocurrencies, the text implies that they are not immune, as it does not provide evidence to support the idea of their security.