Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results indicate that those in the control group perceived more the components of the surrounding environment except X1 (creation of vegetable garden), X7 (community space) and X8 (experience & exhibition space). These results were similar to the results of Kim (2013) that activities of growing plants in vegetable gardens or communicating with others through community spaces provided opportunity for urban residents to be satisfied with the surrounding environment of residences and have emotional stability, but they did not coincide with the conclusion of Hwang (2018) that highlighted the importance of components of alley gardens, indicating that there are differences in the importance of components of the surrounding environment between residential areas. Settlement and community spirit in different surrounding environments Internal consistency analysis of individual community spirit items in different surrounding environments A reliability analysis was conducted to examine the internal consistency of each component of community spirit in different surrounding environments, and as shown in Table 5, all the analyzed components showed a high internal consistency between activities (Cronbach’s a =. 952). Settlement and community spirit The settlement and community spirit of the control and experimental groups were analyzed as shown in Table 6. First, in the experimental group, the score of ‘I want to continue to live in my neighborhood’ was the highest (3. 77), followed by ‘I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood’ (3. 71), ‘I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood’ (3. 57), and ‘I frequently interact with neighbors’ (3. 51). Meanwhile, in the control group, the score of ‘I want to continue to live in my neighborhood’ was the highest (3. 33), followed by ‘I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood’ (3. 27), ‘I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood’ (3. 20), ‘The atmosphere of my neighborhood is lively’ (2. 93), ‘I frequently interact with neighbors’ (2. 73), ‘I am interested in what is happening in my neighborhood’ (2. 37), and ‘I actively suggest my opinion on and participate in neighborhood issues’ (2. 13). While the experimental group showed a high satisfaction level (3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that there are differences in the perceived benefits of community gardens among different groups of urban residents. Specifically, while mentioning that the experimental group rated their community spirit and satisfaction levels higher than the control group, it suggests that the benefits of community gardens are not equally distributed among all urban residents. The results referenced do not support the notion of uniform benefit but rather indicate variances in experience and satisfaction according to the different surrounding environments.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The collected liver and skin tissues were snap-frozen and stored at -80 °C for subsequent RNA extraction. Gene expression analysisFrozen liver and skin tissues were homogenized in liquid nitrogen using mortar and pestle. Next, we purified the total RNA from the homogenized tissues using a Trizol-based RNA extraction protocol. Approximately 100 mg of the ground tissue was combined with 1 ml of ice-cold TRIzol reagent (Scientific, #15596018). After thorough mixing, 0. 2 ml of chloroform was added to the TRIzol tissue cocktail, mixed well, and incubated at room temperature for 3 mins. We separated the different phases of the mixture through centrifugation at 12,000 g for 15 mins. The aqueous phase (top layer) was carefully collected and transferred to a new tube. To precipitate the RNA, an equal volume of isopropanol was added to the collected aqueous phase and mixed by inverting. After a 10-minute incubation at room temperature, the samples were subjected to another round of centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, and the RNA pellet was washed three times with 70% ice-cold ethanol. Subsequently, the RNA pellet was air dried for 5-10 mins and dissolved in 20 μl of ddH2O. To assess the quantity and quality of the extracted RNA, we utilized NanoDrop® 2000 Spectrophotometer, measuring the light absorbance at 260, 280 and 230 nm. Following the RNA purification step, we treated the RNA samples with DNase-I (Biolabs, #M0303S), and synthesized complementary DNA (cDNA) using TaqMan™ Reagents (Scientific, #N8080234). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed using PerfeCTa® SYBR® with ROX™ (Quantabio, #95055-500) in a StepOnePlus™ Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems™). The RT-PCR reaction included denaturation (3 minutes at 95 °C) and 40 PCR cycles (15 sec at 95 °C and 1 minute at 60 °C). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about the health effects of shift work and circadian rhythm misalignment. Instead, it details a laboratory protocol for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis, which does not provide any information related to shift work or health effects.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: VR therapy is being studied for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. [SEP] Text: CT-PTSD has been delivered to patients experiencing a range of trauma, including traumatic loss, and has been evaluated in several RCTs (Ehlers et al. , and Mayou2003; Ehlers et al. , and Fennell2005; Ehlers et al. , and Clark2014; Ehlers et al. , Reference Ehlers, Wild, Warnock-Parkes, Grey, Murray, Kerr and Clark2020) as well as in routine clinical practice (Duffy, Gillespie and Clark, Reference Duffy, Gillespie and Clark2007; Ehlers et al. , and Clark2013; Ehlers et al. , Reference Ehlers, Grey, Warnock-Parkes, Wild, Stott and Clark2023) and is associated with high rates of recovery. However, to determine the efficacy associated with the different components of CT-PTSD as delivered for traumatic bereavement, a dismantling study is required or a study of an experimental design in which the procedures are evaluated in isolation. Qualitative feedback from patients who have had CT-PTSD for traumatic bereavement suggests it is a powerful process that, when the worst has happened resulting in unimaginable suffering, leads to a lasting and, as the patient quoted at the beginning of this paper says, ‘…a really good result’. people will face loss in their lives, whether it is loss of a loved one through trauma, illness, geographical distance or the end of a relationship. CT-PTSD suggests the way forward is to move forward with loss, to spot the meaning of what has been lost and to bring that meaning back into patients’ lives whilst recognising what has not been lost. In doing this, the therapy creates a new relationship to loss. It is no longer about letting go or saying good-bye. It is about acknowledging that the patient can take their loved one forward in an abstract and meaningful way. In this way, CT-PTSD creates a sense of continuity today with what has been lost in the past. By conceptualising loss like this, the treatment frees patients from the fear and despair associated with loss trauma, rooting them in what matters most – the meaning they give their lives and the relationships in them. Key practice points (1) CT-PTSD can be successfully applied to PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing CT-PTSD, a therapy specifically addressing PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement. It highlights that CT-PTSD has been delivered to patients with trauma and evaluated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs), thereby indicating its effectiveness in treating PTSD, which aligns with the broader investigation into therapies like VR for similar conditions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 0 or higher on average), the control group showed a satisfaction level lower than the average in most of the surveyed components except Y1 (I want to continue to live in my neighborhood), Y2 (I feel attached to and proud of being a member of my neighborhood) and Y3 (I want to recommend others to live in my neighborhood). These results were similar to the results of Im (2011) that cutoff from neighbors due to the absence of spaces for communication between community members, and cutoff from the nature due to lack of green spaces in desolate outdoor environments resulted in a low satisfaction level, and also coincided with the results of Hwang (2018) that as residents voluntarily participated in the creation of alley gardens, their attachment to and pride of their community increased. Activities related to community gardens seem to be an important element for increasing exchanges between residents and their sense of belonging to their community and improving surrounding environments. Changes in overall satisfaction with residences and community spirit Factors that affect satisfaction with residences To identify factors that affect respondents’ overall satisfaction with their residences as a dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was conducted (Table 7), and their satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences, participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens and gender were found to affect their overall satisfaction with residences. The variable that has the biggest impact on their overall satisfaction with residences was the surrounding environment of residences, and it was found that the higher the satisfaction with the surrounding environment, the higher the overall satisfaction with residences. In addition, the group of residents who participated in the program of creating community gardens tended to show a higher satisfaction level with residences, and females’ overall satisfaction with residences was higher than that of males. These results were similar to the results of Hwang (2018), indicating that activities related to community vegetable gardens improved the surrounding environment of residences and thus increased residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment. Factors that affect community spirit To identify factors that affect respondents’ community spirit as a dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was conducted (Table 8), and their satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens were found to affect changes in their community spirit. The variable that has the biggest impact on their community spirit was the surrounding environment of residences, followed by their participation in the creation of community vegetable gardens, and it was found that the group of residents who participated in the program of creating community vegetable gardens tended to show higher community spirit. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by suggesting that not all urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. It highlights that factors such as the surrounding environment and participation in community garden activities affect residents' overall satisfaction with their residences and community spirit. Specifically, it mentions that those who participated in community garden programs showed higher satisfaction levels, implying that benefits are not uniformly experienced by all urban residents. Additionally, it notes variation in satisfaction based on gender, indicating differing levels of benefit among residents.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The expression level of each clock gene was normalized to the geometric mean expression of two housekeeping genes,32 Actb and Ppib using the ΔCt method. Subsequently, the data were scaled to the sample with the highest expression level (ΔΔCt) for the time course analysis. Missing values in the raw data files resulting from technical issues with the qPCR plate were excluded from analysis. We specifically measured the expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in both liver and skin tissues using validated primers. To ensure the accuracy of the PCR amplification, the primers were validated using cDNA template serial dilution, and their efficiency was calculated based on the slope value33 (Table 1). The primer design for this study was performed using Primer3 (v. 0. 4. 0), a widely used primer design tool. Table 1. Primers used for measuring mRNA expression of canonical clock genes. Gene(5′ to 3′)(3′ to 5′)21231252rhythm analysisTo analyze the differences in circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in animals exposed to both control and simulated shift-work light conditions, we utilized the standard parameters of the Circapackage with a 24 hour fixed period. 34 Circadian time, CT0 was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. This alignment allowed us to effectively compare and assess the variations in circadian rhythms between control and simulated shift-work light conditions. We applied a p-value cut-off of <0. 05 to determine the presence or absence of rhythms and to evaluate significant differences in phase, amplitude, and the Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR). Sample resolution is a critical factor in circadian analysis as it directly affects the precision of phase estimates. 35 In our study, we used four-hour sample resolution, therein phase differences were only considered if they were at least four hours apart. This approach was implemented to ensure the accuracy of our results. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the expression analysis of clock genes and differences in circadian rhythms related to shift-work light conditions. However, it does not directly support or contradict the claim regarding the adverse health effects of shift work, thus making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: VR therapy is universally effective for all patients, regardless of individual needs. [SEP] Text: L3 neurons (magenta) express myr::GFP (anti-GFP) driven by 9–9 GAL4 (Nern et al. , 2008). Asterisks in (B) indicate dFezf-expressing lamina neurons (green + blue) that are most likely L3 neurons that have yet to turn on GAL4 expression (youngest L3 neurons). (E–N) MARCM + STaR experiments in adult flies. and methods section for a detailed description. Scale bars when shown are five microns with the exception of the scale bar shown in (E), which is twenty microns. L3 clones (green) expressed myr::tandem Tomato (tdTomato) and were visualized using a DsRed antibody. (E) Broad view (confocal image) of the morphologies of wild type L3 clones (green) in the lamina and medulla, which are indicated by R1-R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). Boxed regions indicate examples of the regions shown in confocal images in F-I, M and N. (F–I) Confocal images of terminals from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons (green), within the outer medulla (M1-M6), defined by R7 and R8 axons (magenta, mAB24B10). (J) quantification. N is the total number of neurons counted per genotype. 10 brains were analyzed for each genotype. (K, L) Confocal images show L3 clones (magenta) within the outer medulla and, within L3 terminals, Brp (green) expression and localization. Brp expressed from its native promoter within a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) was selectively tagged with smFPV5 in L3 MARCM clones, and visualized using an anti-V5 antibody. N-Cadherin (CadN) immunostaining (blue) serves as a neuropil marker. All dFezf1 L3 neurons displayed Brp puncta in their terminals. At least five brains were analyzed for each genotype. (M and N) Morphologies of dendrites from wild type or dFezf1 L3 neurons in the lamina. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address VR therapy or its effectiveness for patients. It discusses scientific findings related to L3 neurons and does not provide any information that corroborates or contrasts the claim regarding the universality of VR therapy.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results were similar to the results of Hwang (2018) that activities related to community vegetable gardens improved the surrounding environment of residences and thus increased the satisfaction with the surrounding environment, indicating that residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment and participation in activities related to community vegetable gardens are major variables that increase their community spirit. problems raised by the concentration of population in urban areas have caused problems such as deteriorated infrastructure in original downtown areas and those related to transportation and environmental pollution. Residents in original downtown areas have also moved to other areas, and urban regeneration has emerged as an alternative to address such problems. Under the assumption that creating community vegetable gardens is effective in imp roving not only cities’ physical environment but also revitalizing cities considering their social and cultural environments, this study conducted frequency and descriptive analyses on 35 residents (experimental group) who participated in activities related to community gardens and 30 residents (control group) who did not participate in the activities in Jungnosong-dong, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do to examine differences in the components of the surrounding environment of residences, and their settlement and community spirit between the two groups. An independent two sample t-test and regression analysis were conducted to examine changes in their community spirit after creating community gardens. The demographic characteristics of respondents were empirically analyzed. The share of females in the experimental group was higher than males, while the share of males and females in the control group was the same. The overall share of females was higher. The share of those aged over 70 years was the highest both in the two groups, and the share of homemakers was the highest (40%). The share of those who lived with spouse was the highest (36. 9%), and the share of those whose average monthly income was less than 1 million won was the highest (32. 3%). The results of a survey on respondents’ perception of the surrounding environment of residences showed that the score of the experimental group was in overall higher than that of the control group, indicating that those in the experimental group perceived the surrounding environment more. In terms of settlement and community spirit, the satisfaction level of the experimental group was higher than the average, while that of the control group was lower than the average. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that there are differences in the benefits experienced by residents involved with community gardens and those who are not. It suggests that participation in community vegetable gardens leads to increased satisfaction with the surrounding environment and community spirit, as evidenced by the higher scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. This suggests that not all urban residents benefit equally from community gardens, as those who participate experience greater improvements in satisfaction and community spirit.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2015 Jul 20; 25(14): 1932–1937. Pub| Text 13. Davidson AJ, Castanon-Cervantes O, Leise TL, et al. : Visualizing jet lag in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral circadian timing system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2009 Jan; 29(1): 171–180. Pub| Text 14. : Light-and Lesion Phenotypes. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2021 Jan 19; 10(2): e018151. Epub 2021/01/07. Pub| Text | Text 15. :. Cell Metab. 2016 Aug 9; 24(2): 324–331. Pub| Text | Text 16. : Disrupting circadian homeostasis of sympathetic signaling promotes tumor development in mice. PLoS One. 2010 Jun 7; 5(6): e10995. Epub 2010/06/12. Pub| Text | Text 17. : of Suppresses Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2016 Dec 12; 30(6): 909–924. Pub| Text | Text 18. : Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation. Sci. Adv. 2020 Oct; 6(42). Epub 2020/10/16. Pub| Text | Text 19. : Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014 Oct 23; 159(3): 514–529. Pub| Text 20. : Glucose tolerance in mice exposed to light-dark stimulus patterns mirroring dayshift and rotating shift schedules. Sci. Rep. 2017 Jan 12; 7: 40661. Epub 2017/01/13. Pub| Text | Text 21. : A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2018 Dec 1; 315(6): G932–G942. Pub| Text 22. : The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. . 2020 Feb; 34(2): 3347–3358. Pub| Text | Text 23. : The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 15; 399: 115040. Epub 20200515. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided consists primarily of references to various research articles and does not directly address the claim about shift work affecting health due to circadian rhythm misalignment. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3727101/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractThe delivery and management of clean water are crucial for the long-term growth of Smart Cities. However, controlling water quality and delivery in a smart city is a difficult and time-consuming process. In this work, we suggest a unique solution for smart water quality monitoring and distribution in that combines Internet of Things (IoT) with blockchain technology. We describe a system based on that provides safe and efficient data gathering, authentication, preservation, and smart contract execution. A continuous monitoring of water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, is achieved using the proposed IoT system. The collected data is stored on a secure blockchain ledger using Hyperledger Fabric, ensuring transparency, immutability, and security. Smart contracts are used to automate the water distribution process, enabling the system to efficiently allocate water resources based on demand and quality. Furthermore, the use of blockchain technology ensures that water quality data cannot be tampered with, providing a high degree of trust and accountability in the system. Overall, the proposed system represents a significant step towards a sustainable and secure future for water management in cities. This technology can revolutionize the way we manage and distribute water resources, ensuring safe and clean drinking water for future generations. cloud computingdigital waterindustrial IoTsmart citysmart water networkswater supply chainwireless communicationFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 81. IntroductionThe smart city has several difficulties. Water management is one of them. This issue is considered essential for humans and the environment. (WQ) is a measure of quality over time and at a specific place. Around 250 million incidences of illness infections are recorded worldwide each year as a result of water contamination. Smart water management systems that integrate blockchain and IoT help enhance sustainability, compliance, and consumption management [1]. Human well-being and economic growth must have access to clean and safe water. To determine the quality and purity of water, a set of biological, physical, and chemical properties are used. Due to factors including population increase, urbanization, and climate change, water supplies are being strained more and more in many cities. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the integration of IoT devices in smart water management systems within smart cities. It highlights the use of IoT for continuous monitoring of water quality parameters and the efficient allocation of water resources based on demand and quality, which aligns with the idea of implementing IoT devices for monitoring usage in smart cities.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: These results indicated that cutoff from neighbors due to the absence of spaces for communication between community members and cutoff from the nature due to lack of green spaces in desolate outdoor environments resulted in a low satisfaction level, and that creating community vegetable gardens has a positive impact on improving residents’ community spirit. Lastly, to verify the hypothesis set in this study, a multiple regression analysis was conducted, and residents’ satisfaction with the surrounding environment of residences and participation in activities related to community gardens were found to affect dependent variables including their overall satisfaction with residences and community spirit. As such, vegetable gardens, as spaces not only for doing physical activities but also as shared conversation topics, can be actively utilized in improving urban environments by creating social networks, inducing changes in residents’ perception through natural communication and exchanges between neighbors, improving their shared community spirit and encouraging residents to actively participate in the management of communities. Based on the results of this study, it will be necessary to continuously conduct studies on strategies and policies to more conveniently approach urban regeneration as social and environmental functions by developing new types and models that utilize vegetable gardens as spatial media for vitalizing communities. study was supported by the research program of the Administration (PJ01507602). Fig. 1 Research model. Fig. 2 Nosong-dong area information. A = a map showing the location of Nosong-dong; B = green ratio in Jeonju-si and Nosong-dong; C = population percent of Nosong-dong, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do by age group; D = radar chart for local status of Jeonju-si and Nosong-dong. Table 1 Organization of survey items Survey No. of items Reference DV1 – DV5 The respondent’s demographic characteristics 5 - V1_1 – V1_10 Importance of components related to living environment 10 Hwang(2018), Kim(2013) V2_1 – 2_3V Settlement about environment around residential area 3 Hwang(2018) V2_4 – V2_7 Community spirit 4 Hwang(2018) Table 2 The respondent’s demographic characteristics Item Frequency(%) Male 15(50. 0) 14(40. 0) 29(44. 6) Female 15(50. 0) 21(60. 0) 36(55. 4) Total 30(100. 0) 35(100. 0) 65(100. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by suggesting that not all urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. It highlights that the presence of community gardens can lead to improved community spirit and satisfaction, but it implies that there are barriers such as lack of communication spaces and green areas which may affect how different residents experience these benefits. This indicates a disparity in the advantage gained by residents based on their surrounding environment and social connectivity.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Pub| Text 24. : Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron. 2001 May; 30(2): 525–536. Pub| Text 25. : in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 115–124. Pub| Text 26. : Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105): 349–354. Pub| Text | Text 27. : Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb; 9(2): e1000595. Epub 2011/03/03. Pub| Text | Text 28. Reinke H, Asher G: Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019 Apr; 20(4): 227–241. Pub| Text 29. : Population-level rhythms in human skin with implications for circadian medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12313–12318. Pub| Text | Text 30. Plikus MV, Andersen B: Skin as a window to body-clock time. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Nov 27; 115(48): 12095–12097. Pub| Text | Text 31. Wang H, van Liu Q, et al. : Time-Shifts the Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep. 2017 Aug 1; 20(5): 1061–1072. Pub| Text | Text 32. : Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002 Jun 18; 3(7): 0034. Epub 2002/08/20. Pub| Text | Text 33. : How good is a PCR efficiency estimate: Recommendations for precise and robust qPCR efficiency assessments. Biomol. Detect Quantif. 2015 Mar; 3: 9–16. Pub| Text | Text 34. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text primarily consists of references to various scientific articles about circadian rhythms and their biological impact. However, it does not directly address the relationship between shift work and health or the effects of circadian rhythm misalignment as stated in the claim. Thus, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: It is becoming increasingly necessary to develop advanced systems for managing water quality and distributing water to urban populations to address these challenges. In addition to enhancing public trust, IoT and blockchain can facilitate informed decisions and optimize water use [2]. This paper proposes a Hyperledger Fabric-based system for smart water quality management and distribution using blockchain and IoT. The system aims to provide a secure, transparent, and efficient solution for monitoring water quality and ensuring the delivery of safe and clean water to future cities. Data management problems and evaluations of management techniques for improving WQ are handled globally using the Index (WQI). The internet has powered a variety of technology and services that have made our life feasible. IoT is a collection of recently created digital and information technologies that work collectively. Monitoring and managing water quality with IoT is now possible using a variety of new technologies. The immutable blocks in a blockchain facilitate peer-to-peer transactions without the need for third-party authentication. Blockchain is the appropriate architecture for establishing confidence in public water transactions due to global water shortage and the geographical dispersion of water resources. The suggested method for water management was created to address the water problem. WQ is vital for human health, water resources, and the environment. The need for clean, safe, and sufficient fresh water by billions of people on the earth encouraged researchers to involved in water quality modeling to meet this universal problem. Smart cities are infused with IoT, which has transformed people's daily lives. Blockchain technology has been developed as a promising technology for tracking assets and recording transactions in a distributed ledger, which makes it more secure and private [3]. Several sensitive factors should be identified to establish the overall state of WQ. WQI is created in response to this need to turn a large data collection into a single index. Over the last two decades, a blockchain has gained traction in managing smart assets as well as creating and managing smart contracts. In water quality management, WQI measures the effectiveness of strategies. It is mainly focused on identifying the number of sensitive parameters that are needed to properly assess the water quality. After a transaction has been completed, a new block must be processed to be added to the chain. This is known as mining. Blocks must be approved by the participating nodes before they can be added to the chain [4]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the role of IoT in managing water quality and optimizing water usage in urban environments. It states that 'Smart cities are infused with IoT,' which indicates that the deployment of IoT devices is a fundamental aspect of smart city infrastructure related to monitoring resources such as water.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All urban residents benefit equally from community gardens. [SEP] Text: 083 Environment around residential area 0. 725 0. 581 6. 278. 000 0. 938 1. 066 Participation status 0. 404 0. 285 3. 077. 003 0. 938 1. 066 R2=. 501, Adjusted R2=. 485 F=31. 168, p<. 001 3 (Constant) 0. 844 2. 683. 009 Environment around residential area 0. 792 0. 635 6. 954. 000 0. 887 1. 128 Participation status 0. 417 0. 294 3. 307. 002 0. 937 1. 068 Gender −0. 320 −0. 225 −2. 524. 014 0. 936 1. 069 R2=. 549, Adjusted R2=. 526, F=24. 703, p<. 001 Table 8 Multiple regression analysis for community spirit β t p Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 1. 156 2. 872. 006 Environment around residential area 0. 779 0. 550 5. 222. 000 1. 000 1. 000 R2=. 302, Adjusted R2=. 291, F=27. 273, p<. 001 2 (Constant) 1. 174 3. 077. 003 Environment around residential area 0. 675 0. 477 4. 628. 000 0. 938 1. 066 Participation status 0. 475 0. 294 2. 857. 006 0. 938 1. 066 R2=. 383, Adjusted R2=. 363, F=19. 267, p<. 001 2016. A study on local revitalization measures through underused space regeneration from an urban regeneration perspective. Doctoral dissertation. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. . 2018. Analysis of urban agricultural effects by factors according to the urban citizens income level: Socially sustainable effect, negative effect, and economically sustainable effect. J Environ. 21(6):461-471. Hwang, ML 2018. The effect of the alley garden on the residents’ awareness and satisfaction. Master’s thesis. University, Daegu, Korea. Im, MJ 2011. A perception survey on the users of urban gardens for local community vitalization. Master’s thesis. Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Korea. Jang, KS 2016. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides multiple regression analyses indicating various factors, such as participation status and environment around the residential area, that affect community spirit and potentially the benefits derived from community gardens. The mention of urban citizens' income levels influencing the analysis suggests that not all urban residents benefit equally. The implication of different effects based on participation and social factors contrasts with the claim that all urban residents enjoy equal benefits from community gardens.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: : CircaCompare: a method to estimate and statistically support differences in mesor, amplitude and phase, between circadian rhythms. Bioinformatics. 2020 Feb 15; 36(4): 1208–1212. Pub| Text 35. : Guidelines for Genome-of Biological Rhythms. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2017 Oct; 32(5): 380–393. Pub| Text | Text 36. : Hypotheses for mechanisms linking shiftwork and cancer. Med. Hypotheses. 2011 Sep; 77(3): 430–436. Pub| Text 37. : Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science. 2002 Dec 13; 298(5601): 2213–2216. Pub| Text 38. : Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015 Oct 20; 112(42): 13093–13098. Pub| Text | Text 39. : Neuropsin (OPN5) Light-of Genes and in Skin. Curr. Biol. 2019 Oct 21; 29(20): 3478–3487. e4. Pub| Text | Text 40. : Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 1; 14(23): 2950–2961. Pub| Text | Text 41. : Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 2001 Jan 19; 291(5503): 490–493. Pub| Text 42. : Defining the Independence of the Clock. Cell. 2019 May 30; 177(6): 1448–1462. e14. Pub| Text | Text 43. : The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2020 Sep; 36(5): 329–338. Pub| Text | Text 44. : DNA damage shifts circadian clock time via Hausp-dependent Cry1 stabilization. elife. 2015 Mar 10; 4. Epub 20150310. Pub| Text | Text 45. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly. It lists various studies related to circadian rhythms and their mechanisms without any explicit connection to the adverse health effects of shift work. Therefore, the text is deemed irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: A variety of blockchain platforms can be used to implement blockchain technology, some of which use major platforms like Ethereum or Hyperledger and others that use smaller custom platforms. Without water quality monitoring, determining which bodies of water and sources are safe to consume would be impossible. Water quality monitoring with IoT is extremely important for long-term development. The availability of safe drinking water for humans is a key component of the sustainable development objective. Blockchain technology could enhance transparency for auditors and regulators by providing a record of all transactions on the chain and discouraging speculation in the water trade. [5]. IoT and blockchain technologies are highlighted in this literature as smart systems for urban water management. Using advanced digital technology and the IoT, we can monitor and collect information on water consumption and distribution in the urban environment. Water systems with smart technologies can have impacts that go beyond maximizing resource efficiency. Smart water technology integrates various detecting devices and intelligent systems based on the needs of a community. A major benefit of Blockchain technology from the point of view of the financial industry is the facilitation of collaboration between counterpart organizations and the elimination of manual checks and reconciliations. can be used to solve the authorization issue by assigning a unique owner ID number to each water account, thus resolving ownership issues. Data collection through smart contracts is also an effective way to capture volume data. A real-time view of water market volume would be available in the future when combined with historical volume data. IoT-based sensors deployed throughout the water distribution system continuously monitor pH, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen levels. The collected data is then encrypted using a secure cryptographic algorithm and saved on the blockchain network for verification and storage. is an enterprise-grade blockchain platform that provides a highly secure and scalable solution for building decentralized applications. The platform's consensus algorithm and ledger structure ensure that the collected data is verified and tamper-proof, providing a high degree of trust and transparency in the system. The proposed system offers several benefits over traditional water quality management systems. First of all, the system offers real-time monitoring of water quality indicators, enabling proactive identification of possible concerns and prompt response. Secondly, the use of blockchain technology ensures the integrity and authenticity of the collected data, preventing tampering and fraud. Finally, the system's efficient data management and secure data storage provide a reliable foundation for smart water quality management and distribution [6]. The design of intelligent water management and planning systems has been proposed by scientists for various applications. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting the use of IoT technology in urban water management, particularly in monitoring various water quality indicators such as pH, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen levels. It explicitly mentions that 'using advanced digital technology and the IoT, we can monitor and collect information on water consumption and distribution in the urban environment,' which aligns closely with the claim regarding the implementation of IoT devices in smart cities.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: Could yeast and bacteria replace fossil fuels? What if yeast and bacteria could replace fossil fuels? Goddard and his team are working on the MeMBrane Project, which aims to find ways of using microbes to make environmentally-friendly bioproducts such as biofuel We are all aware of the potentially cataclysmic effect of continuing to rely on fossil fuels. While we might recycle our plastic, use electric cars or walk to school, efforts are being made to reduce our reliance in surprising quarters. One area where efficiency and a move away from fossil fuels is being considered is that of the use of microbes. Fossil fuel-based chemical production has been a historical tendency for some time and, while it has helped advance the field of biochemistry, it has had the unfortunate effect of releasing enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. As we all now well know, these ‘non-renewable’ production methods are affecting the world’s climate. Now, there is a concerted effort to move away from such methods and instead look for alternatives that are cleaner, greener and more efficient, including biofuels. Based at in the UK, Goddard leads the MeMBrane project, which focuses on the production of what he and his team call cell factories. “Microbial cells can be grown on a variety of ‘foods’ including sugars, plant waste and even wood pulp,” explains Alan. “These sources of carbon are renewable and therefore more environmentally friendly. Bio-based routes to chemical production can also lead to purer products. ” – a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment – a living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye YEAST – a group of single-celled fungi that may reproduce by budding, i. e. when a bud detaches and forms into a new fungus – a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism – a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities – an area of chemistry focused on designing products and processes that minimise or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances – a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions ’? Alan and his team work with strains of Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing alternatives to fossil fuels, specifically emphasizing the role of microbes in creating biofuels. It suggests that while efforts are being made to reduce reliance on fossil fuels through means such as biofuels, it does not support the idea that energy storage alone is sufficient to completely replace fossil fuels. Instead, it implies the need for multiple approaches, including the development of environmentally-friendly bioproducts rather than just energy storage solutions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding shift work and its adverse health effects related to circadian rhythm misalignment. Instead, it focuses on methodological concerns in research and the details required for circadian rhythm analysis without explicitly linking these aspects to shift work or health outcomes.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: In this model, water supply costs are reduced when the amount of water required is constrained. Using a decentralized blockchain network, this proposes a distributed water management system. In our final section, we discuss the advantages and challenges associated with implementing blockchain technology in water management. 2. Related workThe creation of the IoT framework needs a literature study, evaluation, and experiment. Considerable research has been conducted on water quality and supply management systems. Some of the important scientific research are presented in this section. Oberascher et al. [7] described the network-based urban water infrastructure (UWI) applications, which are distinguished by geographical and statistical resolutions of observation and regulatory data. The results of this research suggest that UWI networks require cooperation between planned applications and acceptable communication technologies to operate effectively. This 3. Blockchain-based IoT Architecture for Management and (WQMDS)This section explores the water architecture, the IoT, and a sensor-based framework for smart water management. The evaluation uses a genuine water distribution system established in Pashighat to show practical application. The project focuses mainly on using IoT to regulate water supply, but it has been extended to scale for other devices and metrics in every household. The framework broadens the scope of application to numerous industries and standardizes the various components in various areas, with a focus on the technical infrastructure layer. The sensor unit detects water pollution depending on the parameters specified and uploads the information to the cloud. The sensor unit not only monitors water pollution but also performs other duties essential to the system's operation. All sensor units send data to the gateway unit. Before sending data to the cloud, the gateway unit conducts protocol translation. The gateway unit receives signals from the LoRa-enabled sensor unit and over the Internet to a cloud server. The cloud server is in charge of storing and analyzing data uploaded by the sensor unit. It may be monitored and operated via a cloud-based application. Sensor nodes equipped with LoRa can communicate sensory data to the gateway unit across the proposed system design. The gateway device collects signals from the LoRa-enabled sensor unit and sends them to a cloud server through the internet. This is one of the most important aspects of IoT architecture, and this 1. The water management system is divided into three tiers in this architecture. A function module can be selected according to the permission level of a management unit. Data storage distributed among nodes prevents one-sided decisions by allowing each node to share global data. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the application of IoT in 'smart water management' systems, which clearly indicates the use of IoT devices to regulate water supply. It describes the role of sensor units in detecting water pollution and uploading data to the cloud, showcasing how IoT technology is being utilized in managing resources effectively, which aligns with the concept of smart cities monitoring water usage.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: Saccharomyces is a yeast that feeds on sugars and can be found on fruit, such as on the skin of grapes. Interestingly, this yeast has been domesticated to make the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewers’ or bakers’ yeast. Propionibacterium are present in a wide variety of environments. Alan and his team are most interested in are those found in dairy products such as cheese. Ultimately, Alan and his team are interested in finding a means of overcoming our reliance on fossil fuels and are therefore investigating microbes as an alternative. “In our projects, Saccharomyces is used for the production of ethanol, whether that be for wine or for biofuels,” explains Alan. “Propionibacterium makes propionic acid, which can be used to keep yeast fermentations free from bacterial contamination. ” ’? The most obvious challenge is the production of ethanol by yeast. The hand gels we use in hospitals all contain ethanol, which helps to kill microbes – the ethanol breaks down the thin membrane around cells and kills them. This is something that Alan and his team are battling with. “When the yeast produces the ethanol, it is killed at an alcohol content of 15%-16%, which explains why wine doesn’t ferment to a higher concentration,” explains Alan. “We would like to have yeast that is able to tolerate higher concentrations, both for the production of biofuels in a more cost-effective manner and also to add into fermentations, such as the secondary fermentation that champagne undergoes in the bottle. ” ’? Yes! The team has been working on a variety of different stresses that affect the cell membrane and they now understand the effects that ethanol and butanol, another type of alcohol, have on membranes at the molecular level. This allows the team to design strains that have the potential to be more resistant – these will be tested later this year, which could lead to some exciting results in the near future. ? The short answer is soon and everywhere! points out, for decades, microbes were used to produce compounds such as butanol before fossil fuels took over. In many ways, the work of biochemists is to get back to where we once were, but the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that while there is ongoing research into using microbes and fermentation processes as alternatives to fossil fuels, it acknowledges the significant challenge in matching the efficiency of fossil fuels. Alan's statement that 'the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels' directly counteracts the claim that energy storage alone is sufficient to replace fossil fuels.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses methodological comments and responses related to experiments focusing on circadian rhythm and gene expression but does not directly address the impact of shift work on health or the misalignment of circadian rhythms. It mainly concerns the experimental design and approach to studying light intensity and circadian rhythms without linking them to health outcomes.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: Information is maintained consistently through the consensus mechanism. Hash algorithms provide high security, and asymmetric encryption prevents tampering. Smart contracts ensure that each node's water management works automatically, resulting in a highly efficient system. 3. 1 Physical Layer: This layer contains all the necessary items of the water system, such as sources, pumps, transmission pipelines, treatment stations, and the distribution system. The water storage tank is also equipped with IoT devices that measure pipe pressure and volume. It links a sensor and actuator network to a gateway. The gateway may be built using or Arduino. This layer provides an application program interface (API) for programming the engine, which packages all acquired data into messages and transmits them to the IoT Layer [16]. This layer integrates real-time water resource data with existing databases by using the monitoring system to collect and transmit real-time data. 3. 2 Network Layer: This layer offers services for storing, analyzing, processing, and managing communication between the physical and application layers. This layer is made up of three primary components. The first component gets data from sensors [17]. The event is processed by the second component, which uses established criteria to find a pattern of interest. This notifies the system operator at the Application layer as soon as it identifies a pattern. When the criterion is met, the pattern is identified. A message is then sent out to the Application layer consumers, which is stored in the message queue [18]. The third component is in charge of keeping track of the data throughout time. Data can be valuable for studying trends, for example. WQMDS-DB is a component that keeps track of all data gathered in the Physical layer. A block of nodes stores data about water resources and evaluates the results. Data is uploaded and exchanged between nodes, data queries are sent between nodes and smart contract rules are developed at the blockchain network layer. It also manages who has access to this data, ensuring that everyone has the same level of access. This block can also be used to record business operations related to water resource management. Water sector management is facilitated by integrating blockchain service functions with internet providers. 3. 3 Application Layer: A logical business operation should define the policies for managing the new smart system at the physical layer. The architecture enables a variety of applications, such as performance indicator dashboards and web applications for water quality and supply system administration [19]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the use of IoT devices within a water management system. It describes how IoT devices are employed to measure pipe pressure and volume, which is integral to monitoring water usage. The discussion of the various layers of the system highlights the role of IoT in enabling real-time data collection and management, thereby supporting the idea that smart cities utilize IoT devices for effective resource monitoring.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: “One consideration is cost but reducing toxicity should help with this and as people become increasingly environmentally conscious this should help drive government policy,” explains Alan. “There is a lot of amazing work going on to get microbes to make chemicals they wouldn’t normally make, and this broadens their uses significantly. ” in BiochemistryProteins and Lipids (AMPL): : Alan’s work is focused on investigating Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria with a view to improving the tolerance of microbes. The team hopes to improve efficiency and product yield of engineered cell-based factories. : UK Research and 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions Download the 10. 33424/50 Link to the activity sheet 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 cells viewed under a microscope. Yeast grown on an agar plate ready for testing. Testing yeast for ethanol tolerance. A molecular model of a cell membrane showing the individual lipids (fats) that make it up. The MeMBrane team at a recent meeting in York. We are all aware of the potentially cataclysmic effect of continuing to rely on fossil fuels. While we might recycle our plastic, use electric cars or walk to school, efforts are being made to reduce our reliance in surprising quarters. One area where efficiency and a move away from fossil fuels is being considered is that of the use of microbes. Fossil fuel-based chemical production has been a historical tendency for some time and, while it has helped advance the field of biochemistry, it has had the unfortunate effect of releasing enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. As we all now well know, these ‘non-renewable’ production methods are affecting the world’s climate. Now, there is a concerted effort to move away from such methods and instead look for alternatives that are cleaner, greener and more efficient, including biofuels. Based at in the UK, Goddard leads the MeMBrane project, which focuses on the production of what he and his team call cell factories. “Microbial cells can be grown on a variety of ‘foods’ including sugars, plant waste and even wood pulp,” explains Alan. “These sources of carbon are renewable and therefore more environmentally friendly. Bio-based routes to chemical production can also lead to purer products. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of fossil fuel reliance and emphasizing the need for alternatives, such as microbial approaches to chemical production. While energy storage is not explicitly mentioned, the text indicates that fossil fuel-based methods have significant environmental impacts, thereby suggesting that merely relying on energy storage is insufficient without addressing the broader need for cleaner production methods and alternative resources.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern on this 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed. Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding the adverse health effects of shift work due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. It primarily discusses methodological aspects related to gene quantification and experimental design in the context of clock genes and housekeeping genes. While it mentions circadian rhythms, it does not provide evidence or arguments that directly support or contradict the claim about shift work or its health impacts.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: This layer is likewise managed by the rule engine, which interprets declarative business procedures outlining water management regulations [20]. Water supply dispatching functions require additional data on water quality and quantity of the source water as well as water supply and quality from waterworks. This layer implements the system and provides an integration platform and information portal [21]. The design of WQMDS must be changed to operate with other smart city systems. 4. 4. 1 Scenario: This 4. 2 Hardware and Software Design: The suggested system is made up of several sensors, a controller, and a cloud for storing data [22]. The data collected can be seen through a web interface from anywhere in the city. The system's benefit is that it provides an appropriate water supply of excellent quality water to each household, factory, and other location. The proposed approach is integrated into a smart city. A Raspberry PI is used for controlling the other sensors, including pH, water flow, and water level sensors. A crucial and substantial role has been played by modeling and prediction in lab analysis of water quality. Water supply monitoring data are used to compare with water supply scheme requirements. These systems support Wi-Fi, fourth-generation (4G), and long-range (LoRA), which are efficient data transfer techniques [23]. Microcontroller, sensor, and communication are the three hardware components of an IoT cyber-physical system. Sensor data is processed by the microprocessor before being sent to the cloud via a wireless module [24]. The sensor unit collects data and communicates with the microcontroller via a variety of interfaces, including analog input, and digital input. Sensing units gather and transmit information to the Internet. The microcontroller is used to manage these tasks. The gathered data is analyzed, visualized, and mineralized via web services. Near-field communication (NFC) and radio frequency identification (RFID) are two identifying techniques that may be applied to IoT systems. When choosing where to install the water monitoring system, it is crucial to take the cost into account [25]. Water monitoring systems are now becoming possible because low-cost sensors are now available. Furthermore, a variety of wireless communication options are available for data transfer of the gathered data [26]. Smart meters, energy management, and agricultural irrigation are all examples of CEP (Processing). Each CEP rule specifies an actual water management policy in this work [27]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by outlining how a proposed water quality management system is integrated into a smart city framework, utilizing IoT devices such as sensors and controllers for monitoring water supply and quality. It explicitly states that 'the suggested system is made up of several sensors...and a cloud for storing data,' highlighting the role of IoT in managing water resources, which aligns with the claim about smart cities implementing IoT devices for resource monitoring.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: ” – a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment – a living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye YEAST – a group of single-celled fungi that may reproduce by budding, i. e. when a bud detaches and forms into a new fungus – a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism – a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities – an area of chemistry focused on designing products and processes that minimise or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances – a renewable energy source, made from organic matter or wastes, that can play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions ’? Alan and his team work with strains of Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria. Saccharomyces is a yeast that feeds on sugars and can be found on fruit, such as on the skin of grapes. Interestingly, this yeast has been domesticated to make the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as brewers’ or bakers’ yeast. Propionibacterium are present in a wide variety of environments. Alan and his team are most interested in are those found in dairy products such as cheese. Ultimately, Alan and his team are interested in finding a means of overcoming our reliance on fossil fuels and are therefore investigating microbes as an alternative. “In our projects, Saccharomyces is used for the production of ethanol, whether that be for wine or for biofuels,” explains Alan. “Propionibacterium makes propionic acid, which can be used to keep yeast fermentations free from bacterial contamination. ” ’? The most obvious challenge is the production of ethanol by yeast. The hand gels we use in hospitals all contain ethanol, which helps to kill microbes – the ethanol breaks down the thin membrane around cells and kills them. This is something that Alan and his team are battling with. “When the yeast produces the ethanol, it is killed at an alcohol content of 15%-16%, which explains why wine doesn’t ferment to a higher concentration,” explains Alan. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim, as it discusses the limitations of using yeast to produce ethanol as a biofuel, highlighting that while yeast can be used for fuel production, there are significant challenges. Specifically, it states, 'the ethanol breaks down the thin membrane around cells and kills them,' indicating that the production of ethanol using yeast is not straightforward and that the alcohol content poses a challenge. Therefore, this implies that energy storage technologies and biofuels derived from fermentation may not be sufficient to completely replace fossil fuels.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly about shift work and its health effects due to circadian rhythm misalignment. Instead, it discusses methodological comments related to research on circadian rhythms and light intensity in experiments. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: This study uses CEP rules in addition to water management rules to recognize unwanted conditions, such as fast reductions in the water level [28]. 4. 3 : The smart city idea is linked to several methods aimed at addressing the most critical city issues with the help of computer science. There are many buildings in a Smart city. The amount of water used in each home depends upon the needs of the residents. Water use varies according to the season. During the summer, there is a higher need for water. Water is utilized less in the winter and during the rainy season [29]. of Things is now being used in a variety of monitoring activities. In addition, IoT is used in agricultural contexts. Water quality is essential in agricultural processes and has a major impact on agricultural ecosystem production and efficiency. IoT solutions for water quality improvement allow for the storage and comparison of water quality data to assist agricultural plant management [30]. Figure 3 depicts a flow diagram for the proposed system. 5. Model ImplementationA good water supply and quality are the objectives of this module. A subsystem with pumps and tanks is modeled in the scenario. To govern the real system, the system uses the following rules. Water supply plans are optimized using optimization algorithms, knowledge reasoning, and other technologies based on real-time water level information [31]. At the start of the process, all pumps are turned off. After a certain interval, it checks the tank level. The first action is to check the tank level in which the system will switch on or off all pumps based on the results of this activity. It is an infinite loop that will only come to an end if anything outside of the model is done. We saw a considerable influence on the complexity of the imperative process during the modeling phase when any of the following simplifications are not applied. Even the same rules in the descriptive process do not affect the complexity of the process. Figure 4 depicts the framework for the suggested technique. A smart city will be able to control its water supply using sensors controlled by the Corporation. A water dispatching strategy will be impacted by the source water in addition to quantity and quality. IoT devices in smart cities can detect problems with the pipeline, such as leaking, overflowing, or the supply of water, and send a message to the user's phone [32]. IoT devices are used to check for leaks in pipelines. Water flow for the drinking water and sour water tanks is also controlled by an IoT gadget. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting the use of IoT devices in smart cities to monitor water supply and detect issues such as leaks in pipelines. It states that 'IoT devices in smart cities can detect problems with the pipeline' and that these devices are utilized to 'control its water supply using sensors'. This clearly aligns with the claim regarding the implementation of IoT devices in the context of monitoring resources.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Energy storage alone can completely replace fossil fuels. [SEP] Text: “We would like to have yeast that is able to tolerate higher concentrations, both for the production of biofuels in a more cost-effective manner and also to add into fermentations, such as the secondary fermentation that champagne undergoes in the bottle. ” ’? Yes! The team has been working on a variety of different stresses that affect the cell membrane and they now understand the effects that ethanol and butanol, another type of alcohol, have on membranes at the molecular level. This allows the team to design strains that have the potential to be more resistant – these will be tested later this year, which could lead to some exciting results in the near future. ? The short answer is soon and everywhere! points out, for decades, microbes were used to produce compounds such as butanol before fossil fuels took over. In many ways, the work of biochemists is to get back to where we once were, but the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels. “One consideration is cost but reducing toxicity should help with this and as people become increasingly environmentally conscious this should help drive government policy,” explains Alan. “There is a lot of amazing work going on to get microbes to make chemicals they wouldn’t normally make, and this broadens their uses significantly. ” in BiochemistryProteins and Lipids (AMPL): : Alan’s work is focused on investigating Saccharomyces and Propionibacteria with a view to improving the tolerance of microbes. The team hopes to improve efficiency and product yield of engineered cell-based factories. : UK Research and 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions is about understanding the chemical processes that occur within all living things. While this obviously concerns humans, plants and animals, it is also focused on viruses and bacteria, or even the chemistry of digestion and bodily fluids. The term biochemistry was coined in 1903 by a German scientist named Carl Neuberg. He is frequently referred to as the ‘father of modern biochemistry’ and pioneered research on fermentation. Much of his most important work is centred on examining and clarifying the metabolic complexities associated with a fermentation enzyme, known as zymase. Since then, there have been great leaps in the field of biochemistry. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating, 'the only way of doing that is to match the effectiveness and efficiency of fossil fuels.' It implies that energy storage solutions, such as those relying on microbes, must achieve effectiveness comparable to fossil fuels rather than suggesting that energy storage alone can fully replace them.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The study consisted of self administered questionnaires completed by participants to provide information on the following items: (i) age, (ii) smoking habits, (iii) medical history for co-morbid illnesses (anemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and Parkinson's disease), (iv) consumption history of the drugs which are known to aggravate or induce RLS (antidepressants, sedating antihistamines, dopamine receptor antagonists including anti-emetic and antipsychotic medications), (v) working history, including the number of years employed as a worker in this factory and work schedule. To assess the existence of RLS we used the four minimal clinical criteria, provided in the Background section, as a screening tool in this paper. All the participants who fulfilled the criteria were also asked to fill in a form that included questions for assessing the existence of PLMs, history of RLS in their first degree relatives, sleep disturbance of their bed partners due to RLS and the rating scale [16]. Severity of RLS can be classified as mild (≤10 in rating scale), moderate (11-20), severe (21-30) and very severe (31-40). Data analysis For statistical analysis, we used SPSS 11. 5 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. Differences between mean values of continuous variables (age and years of service) were tested using t tests, while proportions for dichotomous variables were calculated with chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Association of RLS with working schedule was examined by binary logistic regression. Odds ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjustment for Age and drug consumption. A P-value of less than 0. 05 was considered to be significant. participants did not completely fill in the questionnaire, and their data were not included in the analyses. The analysed dataset included 260 workers assigned to group A, 258 shift workers assigned to group B, and 250 shift workers assigned to group C. Overall prevalence of RLS among the workers was 12. 8% (n = 98). Among workers classified as having RLS, 69 (70. 4%) reported having PLMs, and 19 (19. 4%) had family history of RLS in their first degree relative. In addition to health problems associated with RLS, existence of RLS also affected the quality of life of the individual's bed partner. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it provides detailed information about a study on restless legs syndrome (RLS) related to working schedules without discussing the adverse effects of shift work on health due to circadian rhythm misalignment. Although the text mentions different working schedules and health implications like RLS, it does not directly address or support the claim about circadian rhythm effects. Therefore, it does not confirm or challenge the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: Inputs: Requesting party identification (ID) Requesting party authentication credentials (creds) Resource ID (res_ID) Requested action (action) Outputs: Access granted or denied (grant) Steps: Verify that the requesting party has valid identification using the following formula: If ID = valid, then proceed to step 2 Else, grant = denied and end Authenticate the requesting party using the following formula: If creds = valid, then proceed to step 3 Else, grant = denied and end Determine if the requesting party is authorized to access the requested resource using the following formula: If action is authorized for res_ID, then grant = granted and end Else, grant = denied and end Encrypt the access decision using the following formula: Encrypt(grant, requesting party public key) Log the access request and decision using the following formula: Log(requesting party ID, res_ID, action, grant) End. 6. Results and DiscussionsTo evaluate the department of water supply and sanitation's utility, we carried out a study to ascertain how many water supplies were supplied by that organization. The established framework is scalable to many houses, and the IoT structure remains unchanged. The tank size changes depending on the household's needs, and this is addressed in the software part. Assigning the tank's radius is a one-time task that must be completed when the system is installed. An id supplied during the installation is used to identify each specific residence. Water use was found to exceed our threshold throughout the night, but there was no consistency. Such fluctuation is to be anticipated because humans use water on purpose at times, although the volume is usually relatively modest, and huge volumes are similarly unpredictable over time. Even though large volumes of usage are seen, it is still classified as human use owing to inconsistency. This projection can assist the water supply authority in forecasting future water resource requirements and planning appropriately. Consumers may use the information to forecast and track their water consumption. Leakage monitoring was also done in combination with the usage. In the test areas, the above technique for detecting leaks was applied. The threshold is determined only based on speculation, and it may be computed by analyzing various leakages once data from many homes have been generated. Figure 5 illustrates the pH and conductivity of the water sample received at different temperatures. A highly interoperable smart water metering solution was described by Alvisi et al. [35]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of IoT devices to monitor water usage in a study conducted by the department of water supply and sanitation. It mentions how the established framework is scalable and includes features like tracking water consumption and leakage monitoring. These functionalities of IoT align with the idea of smart cities implementing technology to optimize resource management.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every household will soon have the capability to fully store its own energy. [SEP] Text: On the contrary, ethologists, starting with (1903–1989), have challenged this claim: the great researcher Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1928–2018), by studying similar behaviour in populations of very different cultures, has been able to describe in detail a large number of innate human patterns (Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1989). The reason for such skills lies in the history of the species: phylogeny, in addition to providing morphological solutions that are strikingly suited to a species’ adaptive challenges, is a process of information build-up through standardised patterns of expression. These patterns provide the subject with “operational tools” already designed to deal with the most common survival problems. It is clear that the organisation process of such displays takes much longer than an individual’s ability to learn, but for this very reason these skills appear extremely refined. Innate knowledge gives individuals an initial advantage in facing the challenges of life, and this will then be followed by the experiential processes that they will develop through the particular circumstances with which they will be confronted. This knowledge is a fundamental asset for all living things: it results from natural selection, the mechanism highlighted by (1809–1882) that represents the cardinal explanatory principle in biology. If we consider each character as the result of a slow refinement process, lasting millions of years and carried out over many generations—going beyond the species dimension—then we can understand the origin of such skills. We fall into error, however, when we attribute relevance and performative effectiveness to the occasional and specific response of the individual’s ingenuity. The reason for this distortion is easily explained: we are accustomed to believing that intelligence is manifested in performance responsiveness and success, and that every solution results from individual work. There is no doubt, moreover, that the performative collection of the animal world is a veritable of Records: think of the surgical meticulousness of actions, the inflexible sequence of flow charts, the precision with which time frames are respected, the convergence of organs, functions and practises. It is no surprise that we should feel wonder and tend to attribute these masterpieces either to an omniscient deity or to the skills of the individual. theory is counterintuitive in many respects, because man struggles to understand the idea of a knowledge built up over millions of years through competition in the reproductive process (Dawkins 1986). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by arguing that there are complex biological and evolutionary processes at play that complicate the simplistic view of individual agency and capability. It suggests that skills and knowledge are built over millions of years through natural selection, rather than being readily accessible or fully developed in individuals, which implies that the concept of every household having full energy storage capability may overlook the nuances of such evolutionary processes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In our study 60 out of 98 (61. 2%) patients reported sleep disturbance of their bed partners. According to the severity scale, 62 out of 98 (63. 3%) subjects indicated a severe or very severe RLS (rating scales greater than or equal to 21). The percentages of current cigarette smokers, chronic disorders, and drug consumption were higher in RLS patients compared with subjects who did not have RLS, but the differences were not statistically significant for cigarette smoking and chronic disorders. Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics of RLS patients and control group (non-RLS workers) are shown in Table 1. Workers in neither group reported having Parkinson's disease. Table 1 Comparison of some variables between Syndrome (RLS) patients and control subjects VariableRLS (n = 98)Control (n = 670)PTotal (n = 768)Age (year) Mean (SD)35. 2 (5. 9)32. 7 (5. 8)<0. 00133 (5. 9) Range24-5020-5820-58Work experience (year) Mean (SD)11. 8 (5. 3)8. 9 (4. 7)<0. 0019. 3 (4. 9) Range2-250. 5-270. 5-27Current smokers, n (%)19 (19. 4)87 (12. 9)0. 115106 (13. 8)Chronic disorders, n (%) Anemia6 (6. 1)24 (3. 6)0. 25830 (3. 9) Diabetes mellitus4 (4. 1)18 (2. 7)0. 5122 (2. 9) Chronic kidney disease1 (1)2 (0. 3)0. 3363 (0. 4) Total11 (11. 2)44 (6. 6)0. 09755 (7. 2)Drug consumption, n (%) Antihistamines16 (16. 3)29 (4. 32)<0. 00145 (5. 85) Antidepressants6 (6. 1)23 (3. 43)0. 24829 (3. 77) Dopamine antagonist2 (2)15 (2. 23)1. 017 (2. 21) Total24 (24. 4)67 (10)<0. 00191 (11. 8) The prevalence of RLS was 8. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about shift work and its effects on health related to circadian rhythms. Instead, it discusses the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients and compares various demographic and clinical characteristics between RLS patients and non-RLS workers. There is no mention of shift work or circadian rhythms, making the text irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart cities often implement IoT devices to monitor energy and water usage. [SEP] Text: The results show that middleware is successful in decreasing waste in the water distribution network. Security problems were not thoroughly considered in the 7. ConclusionsIn this 2021. (2022) G-DaM: A Storage with for Management of Data. Sensors 2022, Vol 22, Page 8725 22:8725. (2021) Data-driven peer-to-peer blockchain framework for water consumption management. Peer-to-Appl 14:2887–2900. (2019) Blockchain and based for Reuse. 2019 10th 2019. (2020) Management using Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Requirements, and Future Directions. 3:38–43. (2019) A Blockchain-based System for the of Irrigation Communities. 2019 2019. (2022) Towards a smart water city: A comprehensive review of applications, data requirements, and communication technologies for integrated management. Soc 76:103442. (2021) Water wise – a digital water solution for smart cities and water management entities. Sci 181:897–904. (2020) Analysis for. 5:377–388. (2020) Scheme of in with Deep Bi-S-SRU Learning Network. IEEE Access 8:24784–24798. (2018) Real-time water quality monitoring using Internet of Things in SCADA. Assess 2018 1909 190:1–16. Adu- (2017) Water quality monitoring using wireless sensor networks: Current trends and future research directions. 13:. Anand S, (2018) Remote monitoring of water level in industrial storage tanks using NB-IoT. Proc - 2018 2018 2018-January:1–4. (2019) IoT Based Real-time System. Sci 155:161–168. (2020) Making urban water smart: the SMART-WATER solution. Technol 82:2691–2710. (2020) Forecasting of water level in multiple temperate lakes using machine learning models. J Hydrol 585:124819. (2020) Quantifying the computational efficiency of compressive sensing in smart water network infrastructures. Sensors (Switzerland) 20:1–24. (2019) Smart urban water systems: what could possibly go wrong? Lett 14:081001. (2017) Demo Abstract: SmartH2O, demonstrating the impact of gamification technologies for saving water. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by mentioning various applications of smart technology in water management, including specific references to IoT devices and solutions aimed at making urban water systems more efficient and environmentally friendly. Phrases like 'Internet of Things' and 'smart urban water systems' reinforce the idea that IoT devices are indeed utilized in smart cities for monitoring water usage.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: The human microbiome plays a role in immune system regulation. [SEP] Text: This fact contrasts with the communities of the large intestine, which are better adapted to the cleavage of complex carbohydrates (Turnbaugh et al. , 2010). Streptococci are enriched with energy-generating genes and are believed to make a considerable contribution to the primary digestion of food components in the small intestine; fermentation products support the growth of other fermenters, e. g. , Veillonella, Clostridium. Indeed, the coexistence of Streptococcus and Veillonella takes place not only in the intestines but also in the stomach, esophagus, throat, and mouth cavity and is probably related to their metabolic interaction and lactic-acid production and utilization (Kastl et al. , 2020). Components of the microbiota are also involved in protein and lipid catabolism and the synthesis of vitamins, bacteriocins, amino acids, neurotransmitters, peptides, and regulatory RNA. The results of this activity are as follows: the supply of energy to the human body, “building blocks,” and a change in the gene-transcription activity of a macroorganism. In the meantime, the excessive intake and storage of nutrients (e. g. , fats) is due to low microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundance of the major bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though these data confirm the microbial regulation of local metabolic function, they also demonstrate that the gut microbiota can affect distal metabolic activity in skeletal muscle tissues. The study was performed with mice born and grown under sterile conditions without the microbiome and with conventionally raised animals. As a result of the introduction of a microbiota into amicrobic mice, there was a 60% increase in body fat with a reciprocal decrease in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Since skeletal muscles are an integral component of glucose utilization, these data show that the metabolic function of muscles is regulated by microbes. In support of this view, bacterial colonization of mice reduces the metabolic efficiency of skeletal muscles, as is demonstrated by the increase in the amounts of intermediates of the tricarboxylic-acid cycle without a noticeable increase in the reserves of high-energy phosphate. The activity of skeletal muscle proteins and gene expression were also compared. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing how the human microbiome primarily affects metabolic functions rather than specifically addressing immune system regulation. It highlights the microbiome’s role in digestion, protein and lipid catabolism, and how microbial activities impact metabolic processes in the body, such as insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. This focus on metabolism deviates from the claim's emphasis on the immune system's regulatory role.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: and the participants in the and Epidemiology workshop at the of Health in collaboration with members of the (2003). Restless legs syndrome: Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology: A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the of Med 4: 101–119, [PubMed] DOI: Walters, AS (1995). Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. 10: 634–642, [PubMed] DOI: and Ferini-Strambi, L (2005). Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study Med 165: 1286–1292, [PubMed] DOI: Zucconi, M and Ferini-Strambi, L (2004). Epidemiology and clinical findings of restless legs syndrome 5: 293–299, [PubMed] DOI: Vijver, DA Van De; Walley, T; Petri, H. (2004). Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome as diagnosed in UK primary care 5: 435–440, [PubMed] DOI: and Costa, G (1995). The standard shiftwork index, a battery of questionnaires for assessing shift work related problems 9: 4–30, DOI: Caruso, C and Rosa, RR (2007). Rom WN ed. . 4 Philadelphia: & Wilkins, 1362. and Aminian, O (2005). Shift work as an oxidative stressor J 3: 15. [PubMed] DOI: Knutsson, A (2003). Health disorders of shift workers (Lond) 53: 103–108, [PubMed] DOI: and Gillespie, BW (2004). Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnosis, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers 46: 586–98, DOI: Boggild, H and Knutsson, A (1999). Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease Health 25: 85–99. [PubMed] and Montplaisir, J (2004). Circadian rhythm of restless legs syndrome: relationship with biological markers 55: 372–380, [PubMed] DOI: (2003). Validation of the for restless legs syndrome 4: 121–132, [PubMed] DOI: Monk, TH (2000). What can the chronobiologist do to help the shift worker? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding the adverse health effects of shift work due to circadian rhythm misalignment. It contains references to various studies and articles concerning restless legs syndrome and other health aspects potentially connected to shift work, but does not succinctly support or contradict the claim about circadian rhythm misalignment.