Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Therefore, the interactions between the most relevant gene polymorphisms affecting the amount and composition of weight loss as well as the changes in obesity-associated risk factors depending on the characteristics of the nutritional strategy (energy deficit and dietary macronutrient distribution) are under investigation [8]. In the future, the advances in molecular and genetic biotechnology will pave the way to combine research for new candidate genes, the identification of novel polymorphisms and the profiling of gene expression patterns putatively involved in gene-nutrient interactions concerning weight homeostasis [9]. Indeed, linkage studies, candidate gene association investigations and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) will contribute to substantial advances in nutrigenetic-based personalized therapies, which will also benefit from advances in phenotype measurements including photonic scanners, air displacement pletismography, CT and MRI, US and validated dietary intake measurements [5]. Also, scientific progress on omics technologies will extend beyond common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and screen the role of copy number variation, siRNA and miRNA involvement, as well as epigenetic changes affecting DNA methylation, chromatin folding, covalent histone modifications and polycombs affecting gene-environment interactions and obesity [10]. Evidencing Gene-on Gene-environment interactions can be assessed through cross-sectional and retrospective case-control designs when information on dietary patterns and lifestyles as well as on genotyping is available [11]. These research approaches have been successfully focused on candidate genes related to appetite control (e. g. LEP, MC4R, FTO), energy and lipid utilization (e. g. 5), adipocyte metabolism and signaling [e. g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), interleukin-6 (IL6)], where the outcome variables were obesity risk, BMI, body composition or appetite/satiety measurements (table 1). Food/The assessment of several polymorphisms in candidate obesity genes and their interactions with the dietary intake of n–6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a subsample of the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort revealed an increased obesity risk for variants of the leptin gene, which encodes a protein participating in food intake regulation and body weight homeostasis [12]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a variety of ongoing research topics within personalized nutrition, including gene-nutrient interactions, advancements in molecular biotechnology, and the integration of various scientific approaches such as linkage studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These elements indicate that personalized nutrition is indeed an emerging field with significant research still being conducted, as reflected in the phrases 'are under investigation,' 'will contribute to substantial advances,' and 'scientific progress on omics technologies.'


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: 7 (or Matlab 2016a for BEECH) and executed on PCs running Windows 7. module has an associated Python 2. 7 module class file (all MAPLE control software, including module class files, are available at copy archived at These files provide the 3D coordinates of key points on each module, including the sites of any ports or adapters through which flies are conveyed, as well as the z-clearance above the module needed so that the end-effectors do not collide with the modules in the workspace. These classes can be instantiated in Python files that represent workspace configurations (Examples/ExampleWorkspace1. py). Beyond the module class files, there is a master MAPLE class file (robotutil. py), which 1) establishes the communications connections between the experiment-coordinating computer and the motion control card and camera in MAPLE and 2) contains functions for all low-level robot operations, like returning to the 0,0,0 home position, moving to an arbitrary position, opening or closing the solenoid valves that control the vacuum flow in the end effectors, or acquiring a photo from the end-effector camera. There is also a file (commonFlyTasks. py) that contains subroutines for common usage tasks, like the combination of end effector movements, vacuum and air valve engagement, and serial commands required to retrieve a fly from the adapter on the workspace. Files of an additional type, experimental scripts, implement the actual experimental procedures (e. g. , Figure 3—figure supplement 3; Video 4). Each of these scripts load the class files for the modules used in their respective experiments, and procedurally calls the low- and mid-level functions of robotutil. py to implement each procedure. 3—figure supplement 2 for a schematic of the software architecture. Lastly, to increase the convenience of using MAPLE, we implemented a remote control system in which representations of the current status of experiments (e. g. text reports and digital images) are posted to a dedicated email account. This account can also receive MAPLE commands by email to remotely trigger experimental procedures. a detailed protocol The workspace refers to a 100 cm x 28. 2 cm x 7. 5 cm volume that can be accessed by all end-effectors. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the active components and interventions involved in the operation of the MAPLE system. It describes software modules that require specific setups for communication and tasks, indicating that human intervention is necessary for the control and execution of experiments. For example, it mentions 'low-level robot operations' and remote control systems where commands can be sent to trigger experimental procedures, suggesting that these systems do not operate autonomously without some level of human management.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: see it, this paper’s contribution is not as the definitive answer to the elusive “equity” question in FP but rather to ascertain whether data from a select set of commitment countries indicates that progress under FP2020 exacerbated gaps in use between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. While it is difficult to draw many clear conclusions from this analysis (as nearly all results are inconsistent across countries), the results presented indicate that among FP2020 commitment countries there were not systematically greater MCP gains by the most advantaged women. This is a substantial finding that is almost buried under discussions about equity, programs and policies to which the data used does not directly speak. To strengthen this paper and to make the results and interpretation more robust, I suggest the authors stick more closely to the stated and important goal of ascertaining whether “increases in mCPR did not vary significantly in more disadvantaged groups” since the 2012 London Summit. Detailed feedback: I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. I question the appropriateness of MCP growth for this analysis. Without some underlying or contextual measure of demand or access, using MCP alone to measure equity implies that there is some ideal level of MCP across all populations – and the higher, the better (in contradiction to the FP2020 principles of agency and autonomy referenced). Could the authors look at changes in demand satisfied, arguably a more appropriate measure of equity given the different underlying levels of demand for contraception among population sub-groups? Flawed though unmet need is as a direct measure of demand for contraception, including it as a backdrop here (via demand satisfied) would better contextualize “equitable” FP changes. If the authors choose to stick with MCP change, this should be more clearly addressed as an (acceptable) limitation. It would also be good to better contextualize demand/unmet need in the context of the FP2020 goal (i. e. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the analysis of family planning data and issues related to equity, without referencing ancient civilizations or written records. There are no connections or implications made regarding the claim that every ancient civilization has documented written records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Also, the highly polymorphic melanocortin receptor 4 gene (MC4R), which is involved in appetite control at the central nervous system level, may show an interaction with dietary intake in obese subjects since carriers of the 103I allele had significantly higher daily energy and carbohydrate intakes than did non-carriers [13]. Another gene that has been found to be related to appetite in children and that may show a diet × gene interaction is the fat mass and obesity associated locus (FTO), since the rs 9939609 AT polymorphism may stimulate energy and fat intake [14]. Selected observational studies concerning gene × nutritional intake interactions on obesity/adiposity markers Table 1. Selected observational studies concerning gene × nutritional intake interactions on obesity/adiposity markers View largemass and obesity associated geneIL6interleukin-6 receptorMC4Rmelanocortin receptorMUFAmonounsaturated fatty acidPPARperoxisome proliferator-activated receptorP/S ratioratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acidsPUFApolyunsatu-rated fatty acidWCwaist circumferenceEnergy and The gene encoding for the adrenergic receptor 2 protein (ADBR2), which is involved in lipolysis and other metabolic functions, has been found to participate in a gene-environment interaction since women carrying the Gln variant had 2. 56 times greater risk of obesity with a high carbohydrate intake (>45% energy). Similarly, a higher carbohydrate/fat ratio (>1. 77) was significantly associated with being obese as affected by the Glu allele [15]. Moreover, a high energy intake interacted with the Trp64Arg polymorphism of ADBR3, another gene participating in lipid utilization which led to a significant increase in the risk of obesity of Japanese men [16]. Interestingly, the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) -1131T>C SNP, which is involved in triglyceride metabolism, appears to modulate the effect of fat intake on BMI and obesity risk in both men and women [17]. On the other hand, the -5 and -55 genetic variants of the uncoupling protein UCP3 gene, which participates in thermogenesis, showed no modulation of body composition induced by the energy intake [18]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various gene-nutrient interactions and their implications for obesity and nutrition, indicating active research in the intersection of genetics and personalized nutrition. Specifically, it mentions gene-diet interactions, such as the MC4R gene's association with dietary intake and the influence of the FTO gene on appetite, thereby highlighting ongoing studies in this emerging field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: As specified, the workspace is attached to the same frame as the axis carriages, but could be mounted separately to isolate experimental modules from the vibrations of MAPLE’s motors. The bottom of this volume is a clear acrylic floor with 5 mm holes organized in a grid (10 cm apart) and cable pass-throughs for easy organization of individual modules. The 5 mm holes can be used to affix an interchangeable acrylic plate (a ‘workplate’) to the acrylic workspace floor using nylon thumb screws. Workplates have locating brackets which define the positions of modules in a particular experimental configuration. Thus, every experimental script is associated with a physical workplate that locates the modules used in its experiment. a detailed protocol Modules were made by a variety of fabrication techniques, including laser-cutting of acrylic. Vector outlines of module components were made in or and laser cut by way of CorelDraw. Acrylic components were joined together using Plastruct plastic weld. Phenotyping modules used to investigate affiliative behavior and locomotor handedness, that is, social arena and y-maze arrays, measured 30 cm x 30 cm (Figure 3) and were fabricated from sheet acrylic using a laser cutter. Fly source modules were custom made (CO2 pad) or purchased from FlySorter LLC. dimensions are 22 cm x 15 cm, CO2 pad dimensions are 25 cm x 15 cm, and FlyPlate dimensions are 16 cm x 10 cm. Fly dispenser Request a detailed protocol Dispenser isolates and outputs individual flies from an attached vial. Repeated knocking motion (which mimics the tapping gesture that people use to knock flies down in a vial) causes flies to fall from the vial into a funnel. At the bottom of the funnel, a pair of motorized, soft foam wheels acts as a valve, and a photo interrupter detects when one fly has passed by. The wheels are stopped, preventing other flies from passing through the valve, and an air pump transports the isolated fly out of a tube. The dispensing process can be remotely triggered and monitored by Python scripts via a USB serial interface. Dispenser adaptor Request a detailed protocol MAPLE interfaces with the through the dispenser adaptor logistics module. The dispenser adaptor is a 4 cm x 1. 5 cm 3D-printed ABS block with two 5 mm diameter plastic Luer lock tube sockets attached on opposite sides. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing various components and processes that suggest significant human intervention and maintenance in the operating procedures of the experimental modules. For instance, it mentions that the dispensing process can be triggered and monitored using Python scripts, indicating that active management is required. Additionally, it discusses the physical assembly and manual adjustments involving acrylic plates and the configuration of modules, further suggesting that these systems are not maintenance-free and require intervention.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: , the 120x20 goal was devised against the backdrop of more than 230 million women with unmet need) and in interpreting the results. The paper is fundamentally asking about the impact of the FP2020 initiative, but there is no counterfactual or contextual information about what differential mCPR growth looked like prior to FP2020, nor a recognition of the limitation of comparing two-point estimates, especially among sometimes small sub-groups. FP2020 shifted our field to track progress using model-based estimates from FPET to overcome limitations of tracking changes between two surveys. Did the authors consider a modified FPET to see to what degree different sub-groups in countries followed or outperformed the pre-FP2020 trajectories that would have been expected? The question of whether some women (e. g. , the poor or those with no education) are systematically left behind is different from questions of equity. The question of how to define and measure equity in the context of FP programs is one the field continues to struggle with. I am not convinced that the authors’ definition of “equitable” gains as those that are equal to or larger among a more “disadvantaged” group suffices, as this implies an underlying goal of having consistent levels or contraceptive use across all sub-groups/dimensions of equity (regardless of demand). Likewise, is it “equitable” if any groups show slower growth or declines in MCP (as we see evidence from this analysis with some more advantaged groups)? And given starting differential in MCP across sub-groups in many countries, might we expect growth to be slower or faster depending on their placement along the s-curve? While this paper cannot answer those or all questions around the definition of equity in FP programming, it can be clearer about when it is commenting about MCP gains among groups that are generally disadvantaged with FP outcomes (e. g. , the poor, less educated, youth) versus the more elusive concept of equity. The utility of using the Index in place of the country-specific wealth measures (e. g. , DHS quintiles) is not clear to me, given that countries are the unit of analysis. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the evaluation of the FP2020 initiative, addressing issues of equity and methodology in demographic research. There is no mention or implication regarding ancient civilizations or their written records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Changes in insulin resistance or dyslipemia showing an effect modification induced by an energy-restricted diet have been described for some genes affecting a single nucleotide CD36 (–22674T/C) promoter SNP [44], LEPR (Lys109Arg) variant [45], PGC1α (Gly482Ser) missense mutation [46]. Also, n–3 fatty acid supplementation may modify the TG response depending on the Pro12Ala polymorphism [47]. Another trial investigating the role of macronutrient intake within hypocaloric diets demonstrated that under a low fat diet Lys65Lys homozygote carriers of the LEPR polymorphism showed a greater reduction in plasma leptin [29]. The participation of fat intake on insulin resistance depending on the genotype was evidenced in an experiment in which homozygous CC men carrying the –11377C/G polymorphism for the gene improved insulin sensitivity when fed on diets low in saturated fat [48]. This study complemented other research that found that carriers of the G variant allele (–219G→T) of the APOE gene specifically reduced insulin resistance when fed a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids [49]. Another study observed that a saturated fat load was associated with a greater elevation in postprandial triglycerides in the Thr54/Thr54 polymorphism of the FABP2 gene [50]. On the other hand, an interaction between variants in PPARG and ADBR2 genes affecting eating behavior and body composition was found when a hypocaloric diet was prescribed [51]. Selected nutritionally slimming intervention studies concerning gene-nutrition interactions with favorable effects on metabolic markers accompanying obesity Table 3. Selected nutritionally slimming intervention studies concerning gene-nutrition interactions with favorable effects on metabolic markers accompanying obesity View largeacid binding proteinLEPRleptin receptorPCG1αperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator αPPARperoxisome proliferator-activated receptorPPARGperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivatorPUFApolyunsaturated fatty acidSFAsaturated fatty acidConclusions Genotype-environment interactions arise when the response of a phenotype (e. g. body weight) to environmental changes (e. g. overfeeding) depends on the individual's genetic background [4]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various studies and experiments that explore the interactions between genetics and nutrition, indicating that personalized nutrition based on genetic factors is a current area of research. For instance, it details how different genetic polymorphisms affect responses to dietary interventions, which demonstrates the active research in the emerging field of personalized nutrition.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: handpiece connects to the bottom side of the dispenser adaptor, while the MAPLE fly manipulator end effector aligns to the opening on the top of the adapter. Flya detailed protocol The FlyPlate is a modified 96-well plate positioned on a food tray. Each well in the FlyPlate follows the 96-well plate standard for bottomless wells (7 mm in diameter and 10. 9 mm deep). Wells have a stainless steel mesh floor that allows feeding but prevents escape. The plate lid has x-shaped laser-cut openings over each well, cut into a flexible nylon mesh, that allow MAPLE’s individual fly manipulator (or a handheld aspirator) to penetrate to remove or deposit flies. The openings close back up once the aspirator/manipulator tip has been removed, keeping flies securely housed. Flies had free access to standard cornmeal diet on the food tray placed below. Food was replaced every 2 days to maintain adequate moisture and freshness and remove eggs and first instar larvae. a detailed protocol The morgue fly sink module is a 10 cm diameter x 5 cm deep laser-cut acrylic cylinder covered by a detachable lid that allows quick disposal of its contents and is equipped with an nylon mesh adapter (in the style of the well coverings of the FlyPlate) that allows MAPLE to deposit flies into soapy water or ethanol that traps and euthanizes them. Fly food vial Request a detailed protocol The fly food vial is a standard 2. 6 cm x 10 cm vial equipped with a detachable lid that facilitates MAPLE fly depositing. A standard fly culture media vial can be placed into the fly food vial. Behavior arena arrays Request a detailed protocol Behavior phenotyping modules can receive flies in one of two different ways, depending on whether the flies are anesthetized or not. In a traditional experimental style (Ayroles et al. , 2015; Buchanan et al. , 2015), MAPLE can pick up anesthetized flies from the CO2 pad module with the organism manipulator, pick up the plastic lid covering a behavioral arena with the object manipulator, drop the fly in the arena, and replace the lid. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various maintenance activities and interventions needed for the described systems. It mentions that the food must be replaced every two days to maintain moisture and freshness and to remove eggs and first instar larvae, indicating that some level of intervention is required, which directly contradicts the assertion that farms operate autonomously with no intervention needed.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: The shifts in population composition with the IWI measure seems more relevant for examining the relationship between absolute levels of wealth and contraceptive use or for understanding compositional influences on changes in MCP, but not necessarily for analyzing whether within each country women who are relatively poorer or wealthier appeared to be disadvantaged by policies related to the FP2020 goal. find this analysis interesting, I don’t think it is necessary or that it strengthens the findings. It appears that a handful of other long-term FP2020 commitment countries have DHS surveys that have two surveys between 2010 and 2019 were not included (Benin, Cameroon, Guinea and Mozambique, to name a few). If the inclusion criteria are more selective than mentioned (e. g. , if one survey has to be prior to 2012), that should be specified. Alternatively, if some eligible countries were overlooked for this analysis, including them would make the findings more robust. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding ancient civilizations and their written records. Instead, it discusses modern analytical considerations related to contraceptive use and policies under FP2020, which is unrelated to historical records of ancient civilizations.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Most of the genetic studies on human obesity have assumed the absence of genotype-environment interactions simply because of the difficulties in assessing such interactive effects in quantitative genetic models. There are several plausible scenarios for the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A higher obesity risk (represented by a quantitative trait BMI) will arise from the presence of obesity-related gene variants and environmental influences (i. e. high consumption of carbohydrates, low levels of physical activity) for a population carrying a given polymorphism. Indeed, individuals inherit a number of gene variants in key loci, but they also make specific lifestyle choices (e. g. low-fat vs. high-fat diets, high vs. low levels of physical activity) that affect weight gain or loss. Thus, while environmental factors may be changed in the short term, genetic factors can not, but they might interplay [52]. The gene-environment relationship is a key issue not only in understanding the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases, but also in designing appropriate treatments, such as ‘personalized nutrition’ [53]. Indeed, the large-scale European intervention trial concerning the comparison of the impact of more than 40 genetic polymorphisms on weight loss with hypocaloric diets containing different macronutrient distributions showed that much work is required in this area and that gene expression profiling is involved in body weight and composition control [54–56]. 1. Marti A, Moreno–: Genes, lifestyles and obesity. Obes 2004;28:S29-S362. Marti A, Martinez-González MA, Martinez JA: Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity. Soc 2008;67:1-83. : Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Obes 2008;32:1431-14374. Moreno-ínez JA: Does weight loss prognosis depend on genetic make-up? . 2005;6:155-1685. : The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Genet 2009;10:431-4426. : Addressing the obesity epidemic: a genomics perspective. Dis 2007;4:1-67. ínez JA: Different dietary strategies for weight loss in obesity: role of energy and macronutrient content. Rev 2006;19:5-178. : Genotype-dependent response to energy-restricted diets in obese subjects: towards personalized nutrition. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the complexity of gene-environment interactions in relation to obesity and highlighting the necessity of personalized nutrition in developing effective dietary interventions. It emphasizes that the relationship between genetic factors and lifestyle choices is important for understanding obesity and creating tailored nutritional strategies, stating that 'much work is required in this area' indicating ongoing research in personalized nutrition.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: Flies were loaded into individual arenas by MAPLE; arenas that remained empty after two iterations were loaded manually using an aspirator. Flies were later removed from their arenas in an identical fashion. FlyPlates, social arenas, and y-maze arrays were filled with 96, 162, and 81 flies, respectively. Flies were assayed using diffused white LED backlighting (Buchanan et al. , 2015) in a temperature (23°C) and humidity (41%) controlled behavioral observation room. Fly movement was tracked for 1 hr. Fly tracks were analyzed using a custom script. For longitudinal assaying, flies were moved back into the FlyPlate after phenotyping and allowed to feed and rest overnight or for 1 hr at minimum. Behavior measurement Request a detailed protocol Fly movement was tracked at 29. 9 fps using a custom real-time script interfacing with a -13S2C USB-camera. Tracks were analyzed in. In total, 3% of the data were discarded because flies were immobile as determined by mean speed thresholds. otherwise specified, all confidence intervals were computed by bootstrapping the data associated with individual flies or individual fly dyads (in the case of social interaction measurements) 1000 times, using custom scripts. One standard deviation of the bootstrap estimates was our estimate of the standard error of the estimate. P-values reported were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction where applicable, and asterisks reflect post-correction significance. Specific experimental procedures Activity and speed MAPLE handling control experiments Request a detailed protocol Flies were loaded into a FlyPlate in accordance with general experimental procedures. MAPLE removed every second fly from its individual well and released it back after a 1 s delay 10 times in a row (48 flies total MAPLE-handled). This procedure was repeated three times so that every second fly was handled 30 times in total after 1 hr (Figure 2A–D). Flies were then monitored according to general experimental procedures. The preceding steps constituted one handling session. There were five handling sessions lasting 10 hr in total. Manual vs MAPLE-handling control experiments Request a detailed protocol Flies were loaded into the y-maze array according to general experimental procedures (Figure 2E–H). MAPLE loaded a random arena compartment (81 flies total) of each arena in the social arena tray to prevent dyad-neighbors influencing circling behavior. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing a detailed description of the experimental procedures involved in handling flies, indicating that manual intervention is necessary. For example, it states that flies were loaded manually using an aspirator and that the handling sessions required regular intervention to monitor and manage the flies, contradicting the notion of maintenance-free and fully autonomous operation.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Fertility, family planning, demography I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2021, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is completely irrelevant to the claim regarding ancient civilizations and their written records. It discusses issues related to family planning, user engagement in FP2020, and statistical analyses without any mention of ancient civilizations or records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: : A polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with weight loss after short-term diet. 2005;68:152-15434. : Genotype-by-nutrient interactions assessed in European obese women: a case-only study. Nutr 2006;45:454-46235. de : Influence of Ala54Thr polymorphism of fatty acid-binding protein 2 on weight loss and insulin levels secondary to two hypocaloric diets: a randomized clinical trial. 2008;82:113-11836. -Gonzalez MA, et al: diet protects against waist circumference enlargement in 12Ala carriers for the PPARgamma gene: 2 years’ follow-up of 774 subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Nutr 2009;9:1-837. : Difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. 2003;27:1028-103638. : The effects of uncoupling protein 3 haplotypes on obesity phenotypes and very low-energy diet-induced changes among overweight Korean female subjects. Metabolism 2006;55:578-58639. : The effects of uncoupling protein 3 haplotypes on obesity pheno-types and very low-energy diet-induced changes among overweight Korean female subjects. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 on very low calorie diet-induced body fat reduction in Korean female subjects. 2007;359:451-45640. : Additive effect of the mutations in the beta3-adrenoceptor gene and UCP3 gene promoter on body fat distribution and glycemic control after weight reduction in overweight subjects with CAD or metabolic syndrome. 2004;28:434-44141. : Association between beta 3-adrenergic receptor polymorphism and a lower reduction in the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat area during weight loss in Japanese obese women. 2000;20:25-3442. : The –11391 G/A polymorphism of the adiponectin gene promoter is associated with metabolic syndrome traits and the outcome of an energy-restricted diet in obese subjects. Res 2009;41:55-6143. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing numerous references to studies investigating genetic polymorphisms and their interactions with dietary interventions, which highlight the ongoing research in personalized nutrition. The multiple studies cited (e.g., those exploring the influence of apolipoprotein A5 and other genetic factors on diet outcomes) indicate that personalized nutritional strategies based on genetic factors are an area of active investigation, thereby supporting the idea that personalized nutrition is still an emerging field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: Flies were observed as described in general experimental procedures. Flies were discarded into morgue fly sink module after phenotyping. Virgin-picking procedure Request a detailed protocol Ten male and 20 female CS between 5 and 7 days post-eclosion are placed in custom dispenser-type vials. These custom virgin-picking vials are 10 cm long x 4 cm in diameter open cylinders with a bottom that attaches by press-fit. Standard cornmeal diet was poured in the bottom portion and allowed to cool down prior to fly introduction. Flies were anaesthetized using CO2 and placed in the vial. After 2 days of egg-laying in the incubator (25°C), parental flies were discarded and the vial was placed back in the incubator. After 9 days, the bottom portion of the vial containing the food was removed from the container. The food was discarded and the container washed and reattached to the vial. The vial now only contained animals that pupated on the sides of the open cylindrical portion of the vial (Video 10). The vial was then placed into the and MAPLE’s virgin-picking subroutine was engaged. Every 30 min, the attempted to dispense any eclosed flies while MAPLE aligns its fly manipulator end effector to the fly dispenser adapter (Figure 3—figure supplement 3A). If a fly was successfully dispensed, MAPLE deposited it into a FlyPlate in the workspace. If at any point no fly is dispensed, MAPLE and the paused for a 30-min waiting period before a new dispensing attempt was made. Over 3 days, MAPLE continued to load newly eclosed flies into individual FlyPlate wells until pupa were exhausted (Video 10). FlyPlate wells containing multiple flies were manually emptied with an aspirator. The remaining flies were manually anesthetized using CO2 and their sex assessed under a dissecting microscope. After sexing, flies were returned to their individual wells. The FlyPlate fly source module including food tray was removed from the workspace and placed inside a sealed plastic container. After 10 days, the food tray was examined for larvae, eggs, and newly hatched flies. When none were found, the single flies MAPLE placed into individual FlyPlate wells were considered virgins. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the various manual and procedural interventions involved in the fly management process. It describes the necessity for human actions, such as discarding parental flies, washing containers, and manually emptying FlyPlate wells, which contradicts the idea of the farms being completely maintenance-free and autonomous.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. We have added this note into the discussion. Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses Malawi's policies on health and education without mentioning ancient civilizations or written records. It focuses on modern issues and data analysis rather than historical documentation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Personalized nutrition advice : an everyday-life perspective L. I. output: Thesis › internal thesis presents societal preconditions for Advice (PNA) that result from an everyday-life perspective on this innovative approach. Generally, PNA is regarded as promising, because it provides users with highly specific information on individual health risks and benefits of eating habits and the desirable changes, which may induce a high sense of personal relevance. Rapid developments in interactive computer technology (ICT) and nutrigenomics science are the innovative drivers in this area. Although indicated as promising, the limited impact of personalized advice on eating practices up to now, signals a mismatch with consumers’ everyday life. In our studies, we found that the pursuance of nutrition advices assumes that consumers have a focal concern on health, which is not always the case. Consumers value uncomplicatedness and convenience of healthful eating and the flexibility to eat for pleasure as well. More flexible advice would therefore better match with consumers’ complicated everyday life, in which health is just one of several ambitions, including social ones. A change of eating practices requires the alteration of other practices besides those directly related to the food choice chain. Advice should provide for consumers’ ability to organize healthful eating within existing chains of social practices, including discursive ones. In everyday-life, consumers have to persist in their intentions to eat healthfully vis-a-vis relevant others. In our study, consumers presented themselves as being uncomplicated, to avoid the image of health freakiness. Based on the finding that being someone who makes great effort in relation to healthful eating is a disfavored image, we conclude that for structural change, the healthy choice should become a ‘practically and socially easy choice’. We propose that PNA can contribute to this goal by using an ‘Action Approach’. The basic idea of this approach is that, besides being well-informed and motivated, consumers need to become actively involved in eating for health. By this, we mean that they are able to practically and socially organize their eating practices in order to ensure health benefits. This would involve the stimulation of a process of critical reflection on the uncomplicatedness of healthful eating and the integration of advice on the practical and social organization of changing eating practices towards health. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing the innovative approach of Personalized Nutrition Advice (PNA), describing it as promising due to its specificity and relevance to individual health risks. It emphasizes ongoing developments in interactive computer technology and nutrigenomics as drivers of this field. Moreover, the text notes the limited impact of personalized advice on current eating practices, indicating that there is still much research and adaptation needed to integrate personalized nutrition into consumers' everyday lives, thus affirming the claim of personalized nutrition being an emerging field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: An alternative explanation, is that predation may be more important than we had originally thought (in a similar previous study we did not observe any predation events [15]). The one insight into predation from our video footage suggested that the ASU was of value to the post–settlement snapper because they swam directly and quickly towards it as the predator approached. While one interaction between post–settlement snapper and a predator is a rare event at the scale of video sampling that is possible, this does not mean that predator interactions are not significant at the scale that they are experienced by post–settlement snapper. In addition, the value of structure as a refuge from nocturnal predators has not been assessed, but could be important given the different suite of predators that will be active. The identification and protection of the most productive nursery habitats is a key priority in managing fish populations, especially when resources are limited and have to be prioritised. While it is extremely challenging to quantify the contribution of different nursery habitats to the adult population [9, 10], understanding what makes a habitat or location valuable as a nursery may have utility. A mechanism–driven approach may reveal detail about the relationship between fish and the habitat they utilise, which could in turn provide a better understanding of what habitat features are likely to lead to higher habitat specific productivity. For example, in the present study we observed that post–settlement snapper positioned themselves both in the water column and up–current of structure as well as down–current of structure and near the sea bed (potentially alternating positions to maximise opportunity for pelagic feeding [15] and sheltering). Therefore, nursery habitat located in areas with appropriate water velocity are likely to provide a higher flux of food and support higher growth rates, which allow juvenile fish to advance through this vulnerable life stage [38]. Likewise, we also observed an instance where post–settlement snapper used structure to evade a predator, which may suggest that specific aspects of that structure which maximise predation avoidance might be beneficial [39]. Using the mechanisms that connect fish to nursery habitats may therefore be an efficient and ecologically informed approach to guiding management, but as the results of the present study suggest, it still has its own challenges. Supporting informationS1 File. Data file containing water flow measurments and counts of post–settlement snapper around ASUs. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the importance of predator interactions and the challenges in quantifying the contribution of nursery habitats to adult fish populations. It suggests that while structures may provide some value as a refuge, the complexities of predation and habitat utilization complicate the assertion that these structures universally provide habitats for fish. The text emphasizes that understanding habitat features and predator interactions is crucial for fish population management, which could imply that the structures alone do not guarantee habitat provision.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on specific issues related to family planning policies and data collection, without any reference to ancient civilizations or written records. It discusses modern issues rather than the historical context of civilization documentation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Consumers themselves should become co-designers of this advice, as they are experts on everyday-life problems and solutions which occur when they try to pursue their healthful eating intentions. The integration of a diversity of expertise on social, ethical and practical requirements in early stages of the development process of innovative PNA is essential. Yet, our study showed that actors in diverse societal sectors were reluctant to engage in the development process of ICT and gene-based PNA. Their evidence-based working practices required that first, scientific support on the effectiveness should become available. Based on their expertise on public needs and wants, they called for a request to slow down the innovation process on behalf of the public. Current working life also does not allow for much change in roles and responsibilities, which may be needed to integrate the innovation in working practices of societal actors. In our qualitative study amongst general practitioners (GPs), we found that participants hold rather critical views on nutrition advice, and certainly on the innovative drivers. A lack of robustness, a low match with patients’ needs and equivocalness of nutritional studies were perceived as blocking GPs involvement. The social acceptability of PNA requires a participatory process. But an invitation to join the innovation process does not of necessity elicit pro-active involvement. This requires the stimulation of a critical reflection process on the meaning of ‘evidence’ from the perspectives of concerned actors and the consequences for the innovation processes. Such an exercise should aim at finding solutions, as to overcome the block about involvement. It should also target reflection on the meaning of expertise, keeping in mind the required increasing role of consumers in the design of PNA. In sum, we conclude that the alignment of PNA with societal preconditions is possible if the development process evolves as a participatory process, in which all societal actors are convinced about the valuable contribution their experience and expertise offers to this search for new ways to effectively promote healthful eating. Original languageEnglishQualificationDoctor of-promotorte Molder, Hedwig, Co-promotorAward date15 Apr 2009Place of Publication[S. l. Print ISBNs9789085853633DOstatusPublished - 15 Apr 2009 Keywordsnutritionfoodsconsumption patternsdisease preventionnutrition informationcommunicationhealthhuman behaviournutrition and health output contributes to the following UN Goals (SDGs) Access to Document 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing the ongoing challenges and the need for robust scientific support in the development of personalized nutrition advice (PNA). It highlights that the integration of diverse societal actors in the innovation process is necessary, indicating that personalized nutrition is still being explored and refined. Furthermore, the text mentions a lack of consensus and engagement among general practitioners (GPs), which underscores that personalized nutrition is an evolving field requiring continuous research and development to meet public needs.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: Some of them were garlic peel [38], garcinia indica peel [39], Musa paradisia peel [21], calamansi peel [40], grapefruit peel [41], cumcumber peel [42], pumpkin peel [43], carica papaya peel [44], punica granatum peel [45], aqueous brown onion peel [46], musa acuminate fruit peel [47], banana peel [48], lemon peel [49], longan peel [50], lychee peel [19], mangifera indica peel [51], almond peel [52], mango peel [53], orange peel [53], musa sapientum peel[54], sweet melon peel [20], green pea peel [55], mangosteen peel [56] and watermelon peel [22]. The comparison is shown in the figure 10. 10. png Figure 10. The comparrison of inhibition efficiency of JPE and the others 4. Conclusion JPE could be used as environmentally friendly inhibitor for AISI 1037 carbon steel in HCl solution. The functional groups in antioxidant compound molecules could be identified through FTIR spectrum of the extract. The result of mass spectroscopy indicated antioxidant compounds where the highest abundance was found in artocarpin. In this study, the most efficient inhibitor was found when the inhibitor concentration of 1000 ppm was added into 1 M HCl solution. The inhibitor efficiency achieved 90. 98% using potentiodynamic polarization method. Adsorption occurred at concentration of 200 ppm up to 3000 ppm followed Langmuir pattern. The value of free energy and the activation energy indicated physical adsorption. The IR spectra of protective layer formed by the inhibitor indicated that the JPE was maybe adsorbed on the surface of AISI 1037 carbon steel. 2018. [3] Z. Tang, “A review of corrosion inhibitors for rust preventative fluids,” Curr. Opin. Mater. Sci. , vol. 23, no. 4, 2019. [4] A. Ehsani, M. G. Mahjani, M. Hosseini, R. Safari, R. Moshrefi, and H. M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various types of peels and a specific study on corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solution. It does not mention artificial reefs or their materials in any context, leading to the conclusion that it does not support or contrast with the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: We have added this note into the discussion. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern Respond or 28 Jan 2022 Shiza Shiza, FP2020, Washington, 20006, USA 28 Jan 2022 Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus. . . Continue reading Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses feedback on a paper related to contraceptive use and policy impacts, without addressing written records or ancient civilizations. There is no mention of civilizations or their record-keeping practices in the text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: In our studies, we found that the pursuance of nutrition advices assumes that consumers have a focal concern on health, which is not always the case. Consumers value uncomplicatedness and convenience of healthful eating and the flexibility to eat for pleasure as well. More flexible advice would therefore better match with consumers’ complicated everyday life, in which health is just one of several ambitions, including social ones. A change of eating practices requires the alteration of other practices besides those directly related to the food choice chain. Advice should provide for consumers’ ability to organize healthful eating within existing chains of social practices, including discursive ones. In everyday-life, consumers have to persist in their intentions to eat healthfully vis-a-vis relevant others. In our study, consumers presented themselves as being uncomplicated, to avoid the image of health freakiness. Based on the finding that being someone who makes great effort in relation to healthful eating is a disfavored image, we conclude that for structural change, the healthy choice should become a ‘practically and socially easy choice’. We propose that PNA can contribute to this goal by using an ‘Action Approach’. The basic idea of this approach is that, besides being well-informed and motivated, consumers need to become actively involved in eating for health. By this, we mean that they are able to practically and socially organize their eating practices in order to ensure health benefits. This would involve the stimulation of a process of critical reflection on the uncomplicatedness of healthful eating and the integration of advice on the practical and social organization of changing eating practices towards health. Consumers themselves should become co-designers of this advice, as they are experts on everyday-life problems and solutions which occur when they try to pursue their healthful eating intentions. The integration of a diversity of expertise on social, ethical and practical requirements in early stages of the development process of innovative PNA is essential. Yet, our study showed that actors in diverse societal sectors were reluctant to engage in the development process of ICT and gene-based PNA. Their evidence-based working practices required that first, scientific support on the effectiveness should become available. Based on their expertise on public needs and wants, they called for a request to slow down the innovation process on behalf of the public. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting that there is a need for ongoing research and development in the field of personalized nutrition (PNA). It discusses the necessity of integrating a diversity of expertise in early stages of innovation, indicating that PNA is not yet fully developed and requires further investigation and refinement. Additionally, the text notes that societal actors were reluctant to engage in the development process, stemming from the need for evidence-based practices, which supports the notion that personalized nutrition remains an emerging field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Some artificial reefs are made from environmentally safe materials like concrete and steel. [SEP] Text: In fact, placing any type of material in the marine environment poses a risk of causing pollution, which would have harmful effects on marine ecosystems [7]. Therefore, by considering detrimental effects apart from benefits, it is necessary to choose materials that have minimal negative impacts on marine environments and can enhance fish colonization. In this regard, ceramic materials are one of the best candidates, because they are economical, environmentally safe, and suitable for hostile marine environments. Santos et al. [8] studied the fish colonization of artificial reefs made of ceramic, concrete, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, and they found that ceramic reefs were more effectively colonized than concrete and PVC reefs. Although there have been some studies on the colonization of fish in ceramic reefs, few studies have shown effective reef design and functionality of ceramic materials in a shallow sea environment. In this research, ceramic artificial reefs with a hexagonal column structure were designed from a ceramic material. They would be set on sandy sea beds to obtain hard and flat sea beds. The effectiveness of the hexagonal structure was investigated by determining the mechanical strength of the reefs and their sustainability in an adverse shallow sea environment. Ceramic materials were analyzed by measuring chemical constituents, surface texture, water absorption, erosion rate, and durability. These qualities were compared with those of natural coral rubbles. The effect of the ceramic materials on water quality and bioproductivity was investigated by observing changes in nutrient availability, toxic chemical diffusion, and the propagation of bacteria, diatom, and other benthos by putting them in an artificial marine environment produced in aquaria. Materials and of artificial reefs Two styles of ceramic material were prepared: hexagonal column type reefs (diagonal length 120 mm and height 100 mm), and ceramic rods (length 40 mm and diameter 10 mm). A schematic of the reef is shown in Figures 1 and 2. First, the reefs and rods were made by hand from clay containing a high density of iron species (Noyaki-koudo, Mino-nendo Co. , Japan), then dried for one week at room temperature, and baked for 4 h in an electric kiln (DAC-OIT, Shimpo Co. , Japan) by gradually increasing the temperature to 800°C (400°C for 1 h, 600°C for 1 h, 800°C for 2 h). After heating, they were cooled naturally. The mass density of the ceramic was about 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing that any material placed in the marine environment poses pollution risks and highlights the need for materials with minimal negative impacts. It points out that ceramic materials are considered among the most environmentally safe options, while also examining the effectiveness of ceramic artificial reefs compared to concrete. This suggests that while concrete is a common material used, it may not be the most environmentally safe option compared to alternatives like ceramic.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. We have added this note into the discussion. Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim at all. It discusses Malawi's family planning strategy and provides feedback on data interpretation and analysis methods related to contraceptive use, which is unrelated to ancient civilizations or their written records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Advice should provide for consumers’ ability to organize healthful eating within existing chains of social practices, including discursive ones. In everyday-life, consumers have to persist in their intentions to eat healthfully vis-a-vis relevant others. In our study, consumers presented themselves as being uncomplicated, to avoid the image of health freakiness. Based on the finding that being someone who makes great effort in relation to healthful eating is a disfavored image, we conclude that for structural change, the healthy choice should become a ‘practically and socially easy choice’. We propose that PNA can contribute to this goal by using an ‘Action Approach’. The basic idea of this approach is that, besides being well-informed and motivated, consumers need to become actively involved in eating for health. By this, we mean that they are able to practically and socially organize their eating practices in order to ensure health benefits. This would involve the stimulation of a process of critical reflection on the uncomplicatedness of healthful eating and the integration of advice on the practical and social organization of changing eating practices towards health. Consumers themselves should become co-designers of this advice, as they are experts on everyday-life problems and solutions which occur when they try to pursue their healthful eating intentions. The integration of a diversity of expertise on social, ethical and practical requirements in early stages of the development process of innovative PNA is essential. Yet, our study showed that actors in diverse societal sectors were reluctant to engage in the development process of ICT and gene-based PNA. Their evidence-based working practices required that first, scientific support on the effectiveness should become available. Based on their expertise on public needs and wants, they called for a request to slow down the innovation process on behalf of the public. Current working life also does not allow for much change in roles and responsibilities, which may be needed to integrate the innovation in working practices of societal actors. In our qualitative study amongst general practitioners (GPs), we found that participants hold rather critical views on nutrition advice, and certainly on the innovative drivers. A lack of robustness, a low match with patients’ needs and equivocalness of nutritional studies were perceived as blocking GPs involvement. The social acceptability of PNA requires a participatory process. But an invitation to join the innovation process does not of necessity elicit pro-active involvement. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the ongoing need for innovation in personalized nutrition advice (PNA) and the various societal factors influencing its development. It highlights the reluctance of societal actors to engage in PNA development, emphasizing the necessity for scientific support and the integration of diverse expertise, indicating that research and development in this area are still evolving. Additionally, it mentions a qualitative study that showcases critical views among health professionals, which points to the complexity and emerging nature of the field, thus supporting the claim about personalized nutrition being an area of ongoing research.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All artificial reefs are as resilient to climate change as natural reefs. [SEP] Text: Authorization granted by the State representative at sea (Maritime Prefect). 7. Subject to the provisions of 8. In accordance with 9. 10. Permanent and legal members: The Prefect, the Maritime Prefect, the Administrator of Maritime Affairs, the head of the district (Maritime Quarter) concerned and, where applicable, the representative of the of the Park. 11. Five sailors (professional and recreational) and their substitutes and representatives of the maritime service, and the director of the autonomous seaport and the local government service are involved in the project. 12. Decree no. 86-606 of 14 March 1986 on boating (nautical) commissions (JORF of 19 March 1986, p. 4623). 13. Decree no. 79-518 of 29 June 1979 relating to containment concessions and use dependencies of maritime public domain maintained in this area outside ports (JORF of 1 July 1979, p. 1593). Repealed by 14. Decree no. 2004-308 of 29 March 2004 (JORF no. 76 of 30 March 2004, p. 6078, text no. 40). 15. Request to the Prefect, the followed including an impact study, a public inquiry, and the convening of an (nautical) Committee. See 7. 16. Individual person or private law corporation. 17. 2006. 18. Even though the administration does not share this view and is very cautious about the durability of artificial reefs: See legal update following the publication of decree No. 2004-308 of 29 March 2004, entitled “The legal feasibility of the implantation of artificial reefs on the coastline”, Response of Direction du Transport Maritime, des Ports et du Littoral (Directorate of Maritime Transport, Ports and Coastline) to a Prefect (maritime service) dated 18 October 2000, April 2004, p. 3. 19. The research and efforts towards maximum integration, even an imitation, led some authors to prefer the expression “artificial habitats” to that of artificial reefs. See S. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that the administration is cautious about the durability of artificial reefs. Specifically, it states, 'the administration does not share this view and is very cautious about the durability of artificial reefs,' suggesting that they may not be as resilient to climate change as natural reefs, thus directly opposing the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses modern surveys and family planning policies in Malawi, without any mention of ancient civilizations or written records. It focuses on contemporary data analysis and policy implications, which does not relate to the assertion about ancient civilizations.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: Postprandial lipemia (PPL), is the increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration after consuming a highfat meal, and is an independent risk factor for CVD. Individual responses to a meal high in fat vary greatly, depending on genetic and lifestyle factors. However, only a few loci have been associated with TG-PPL response. Heritable epigenomic changes may be significant contributors to the unexplained inter-individual PPL variability. Eight methylation sites encompassing five genes, 1A, APOA5, SREBF1, and ABCG1, were significantly associated with PPL response at an epigenome-wide level(P<1. 1×10-7), but no methylation site reached epigenome wide significance after adjusting for baseline TG levels. Higher methylation at 5, SREBF1, and ABCG1, and lower methylation at CPT1A methylation were correlated with an increased TG-PPL response. Diet-induced epigenetic variation in obesity has been demonstrated recently and is transmissible in mice from one generation to next. These eight PPL-associatedmethylation sites, also correlated with fasting TG, account for a substantially greater amount of phenotypic variance (14. 9%) in PPL and fasting TG (16. 3%) when compared with the genetic contribution of loci identified by a previous GWAS (4. 5%). In summary, the epigenomeis a large contributor to the variation in PPL, and this has the potential to be used to modulate PPL and reduce CVD [3,6,13-15]. of Bioactive Compounds, Micro and effects of macronutrient derivatives (e. g. , methionine, choline, and betaine), and micronutrients such as vitamins (e. g. , B-vitamins, D vitamin, and retinoic acid, microminerals or trace elements (e. g. , iron, zinc and selenium) and bioactive compounds (e. g. , phytochemicals including polyphenols) on epigenetic processes will be reviewed in brief. These dietary compounds are an integral part of everyday nutrition in human populations worldwide, are frequently present in maternal diets, and have been reported to influence epigenetic mechanisms. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the complexity of individual responses to nutrition, specifically regarding postprandial lipemia (PPL) and its relationship with genetic and epigenetic factors. It highlights ongoing research into epigenomic changes and dietary influences on metabolism, which falls under the broader umbrella of personalized nutrition. Furthermore, the mention of dietary compounds influencing epigenetic mechanisms indicates an active area of study that is relevant to personalized approaches in nutrition.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All artificial reefs are as resilient to climate change as natural reefs. [SEP] Text: Across the 6 two-week recordings at the Nieuweschild site, we detected 3,405 individual biological sounds at the on-reef location, and 896 at the off-reef location. Eight sound types were most commonly detected on the reef: chucks, clicking, drumming, grunts, knocking, knock-snaps, scraping, and snaps, while three sound types were most commonly detected on the sand in the no-reef control: bubble-buzz, horns and growl-buzz (Fig. 3, Figure S1). The most common sound types detected at the on-reef station were scraping, snapping, and knocking (occurring in 1. 7%±0. 5, 2. 3% ±0. 6, and 1. 3% ± 0. 3 of the recorded 10-minute samples, respectively; mean ± se), while the horn sound type was most frequent at the off reef site (occurring in 1. 8% ± 0. 7 of the recorded 10-minute samples, mean ± se)(Fig. 3). There were significantly higher proportions of sounds detected on the natural oyster reef compared to the off-reef control over time at the site Nieuweschild (: F1,20=6. 7, p < 0. 001; Supplement 1). There was a trend towards a change in sound composition depending on day- or nighttime (effect of Day or Night: F1,20=1. 8, p = 0. 073; Figure S2), with clicks more common during the night and chucks and horns more common during the day (Fig. 3). There were no significant interaction effects between on/off reef and day/nighttime (: F1,20=1. 2, p = 0. 287) All four of the natural/artificial reef sites contained a higher proportion of samples with sounds than at their respective no-reef sand controls (paired t-test: n = 4, t = 3. 2, p = 0. 048; Figs. 4 & 5). The eleven selected sound types were, on average, detected 7 times more often on the reefs compared to their controls (log response ratio: mean = 1. 94, ci = 1. 65). Also, we found three additional sound types at the artificial reef sites in high abundances (more than 50 times). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by showing evidence from the Nieuweschild site that there are significant differences in the biological sounds detected on the natural oyster reef compared to the off-reef control. Specifically, it mentions higher proportions of sounds detected on natural reefs, suggesting that natural reefs may have different ecological characteristics compared to artificial reefs. The reference to 'significantly higher proportions' indicates that artificial reefs may not match the resilience levels of natural reefs, thus opposing the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: We have added this note into the discussion. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern 0 to cite this report: Malarcher S. For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2021, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: The 1. This one is easy to read. It would be more interesting to present the diff in diff analysis. I appreciate the reference and cut off according to confidence interval, but is there a way to include them in the paper? I don’t believe it is appropriate to compare the most vulnerable (poorest) with the most advantaged (wealthiest). I recommend focusing your analysis on comparing the most vulnerable to an index population (poorest with middle income), as you have done and drop the other analysis. This comparison is more appropriate in my view and could make the figures and analysis easier to communicate. This is true for education and age as well. The residential analysis doesn’t reflect on shifts in demographics. Was there a significant shift in people from rural to urban settings? I can’t follow the finding on age. Please clarify. Did you limit the analysis to married women 15-19? Did you explore using sexually active 15-19 yrs olds? The conclusion is a bit difficult to follow. It’s not just about – were there any significant gains in vulnerable populations. What we want to see is that programs focused on these groups and we saw them “catch up”. How did their gains compare with gains elsewhere? Perhaps you could start the conclusion with some general statements about which population groups saw the greatest increases in country (vulnerable or not) and then focus on the countries that show significant gains in reducing inequities. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about ancient civilizations and their written records at all. Instead, it discusses various aspects of a report related to public health and methodologies in research, making it irrelevant to the claim being analyzed.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: The phytochemicals lycopene in tomatoes, genistein in soybeans, resveratrol in grapes and berries, sulforaphane in broccoli, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea, or curcumin and allyl sulfur compounds present in spices are among a growing list of agents used in the modern diet that might affect epigenetic mechanisms [8]. Over the past years, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that polyphenols modulate the activity of cell signaling proteins, transcription factors and consequently the expression of both, mRNA and miRNA. In vitro, polyphenols impact the expression of genes in various cell types. It has been demonstrated that flavan one metabolites at physiological concentrations can modulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-and stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure of human monocytes to green tea polyphenols affected the expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development, such as CD36, LXR-a, MYC or LDL-R. Inhuman hepatocytes polyphenols from red grape juice were able to counteract the LDL-induced changes in gene expression of the LDL receptor, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, a key regulator of lipid homeostasis. Also genes such as ICAM1, MCP1, IL6 or IL1b of which expression is controlled by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and of which transcriptional activation is critical in a number of pathologies including cardiovascular diseases, are differentially expressed in the presence of polyphenols [8]. Currently, few studies describing the genomic impact of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in humans have been published. Daily intake of 150 mg quercetin for 2 weeks significantly affected the expression of 788 genes in CD14-positivemonocytes, genes related to immune system, apoptosis or cell signaling pathways. Consumption of orange juice rich in hesperidin or hesperidin alone for 4 weeks by healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men significantly affected over 3,000and 1,800 genes respectively. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various phytochemicals and their impact on gene expression and health, indicating that research into the nutritional effects of these compounds is ongoing. It highlights the effects of polyphenols on gene expression and acknowledges that 'Currently, few studies describing the genomic impact of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in humans have been published,' which suggests that the field is still developing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All artificial reefs are as resilient to climate change as natural reefs. [SEP] Text: We found a larger acoustic diversity and abundance at the on-reef station than the neighbouring sand habitat at each of the reef sites. This is consistent with findings that the fish and mobile invertebrate communities at reef sites in the differ from neighbouring soft-bottom habitats. 29,37 Sound type diversity and abundances can also be indicative of community diversity,22 and of habitat status (Lamont et al. 2021). 31 Extension from this groundwork and description of sound types will be to link these to the mobile communities at these habitats, and to build metrics from these that can support less invasive monitoring methods. Several sound types were present across reef sites, as well as different sound types present between sites (e. g. the Growl-Buzz was not detected at the Nieuweschild reef, while Drumming was only detected at this site), indicating different levels of biological activity and composition. Inter-reef acoustic variability within a region was also identified by,8 and highlights some of the finer-scale variation in biological and physical reef characteristics that shape individual reef soundscapes. Some sound types were detected at both the artificial and the natural reefs, albeit in lower abundances at the artificial reefs. The artificial reefs, which had been deployed for 6 months at the time when the recordings were analyzed for this study, had detections of harbour seal sounds in higher abundances than the off-reef stations. That some biological sounds are consistent across subtidal reefs in this area suggests that sound type detections can add value to reef monitoring programs by contributing knowledge of habitat use and activity, as well as the impacts of human interventions and the progress of restoration programs. These results build on several studies showing distinct acoustic patterns at coastal habitats - including tropical coral reefs,38 temperate rocky reefs,19 as well as estuarine habitats comparable to those found in the Wadden Sea. 8,39,40 With the description of biological sound types, we can now look at longer-term patterns, including seasonal and annual patterns, which can also provide insights on potential sources. Furthermore, we can monitor long-term changes in the soundscape, and start building monitoring capacity. Biological activity at reefs is usually highest overnight, and has been found to be reflected in soundscape patterns with higher sound pressure levels (SPL) and increased number of fish calling at dusk and dawn. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that biological activity and composition differ between artificial reefs and natural reefs. It mentions that some sound types were detected at both artificial and natural reefs but in lower abundances at artificial reefs, suggesting that artificial reefs may not support biodiversity to the same extent as natural reefs. This disparity in biological communities indicates that the resilience of artificial reefs to climate change may not be comparable to that of natural reefs.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Reviewer Expertise: family planning, social science research, KM, research translation I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2021, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: This one is easy to read. It would be more interesting to present the diff in diff analysis. All countries in the wealth graphic should have two bubbles. One bubble is for the earlier survey and the second bubble is for the later survey. We opted not to do a regression analysis (which would be a difference in difference analysis) and our reasoning added to the discussion section. We will add additional notes that will help with the interpretation. I appreciate the reference and cut off according to confidence interval, but is there a way to include them in the paper? The confidence intervals are included in the paper. For interpretability of the findings, we opted to keep them in tables and not directly in text. I don’t believe it is appropriate to compare the most vulnerable (poorest) with the most advantaged (wealthiest). I recommend focusing your analysis on comparing the most vulnerable to an index population (poorest with middle income), as you have done and drop the other analysis. This comparison is more appropriate in my view and could make the figures and analysis easier to communicate. This is true for education and age as well. We wanted to compare the most disadvantaged group to the least disadvantaged group because we wanted to assess if the most vulnerable (disadvantaged) were left behind while the most advantaged continued to progress. While we focus on these two groups in most of the analysis, we do calculate MCPR among all levels of the equity dimensions and those comparisons can be made by all readers by reviewing the tables. The residential analysis doesn’t reflect on shifts in demographics. Was there a significant shift in people from rural to urban settings? We investigated this question, and we did not see any change in people moving from rural to urban settings in every country between surveys. I can’t follow the finding on age. Please clarify. Did you limit the analysis to married women 15-19? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses topics related to peer review, family planning, and research methodologies without addressing the existence or absence of written records from ancient civilizations.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition remains an emerging field with ongoing research. [SEP] Text: mQTL Analysis in with A summary of the research findings are presented here. Volkov et al. [17] performed a genome-wide DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis in human adipose tissue of 119 men, where 592,794 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were related to DNA methylation of 477,891 CpG sites, covering 99% of RefSeq genes. SNPs in significant mQTLs were further related to gene expression in adipose tissue and obesity related traits. Volkov et al. [17] found 101,911 SNP-CpG pairs (mQTLs) in cis and 5,342 SNP-CpG pairs in trans showing significant associations between genotype and DNA methylation in adipose tissue after correction for multiple testing, where cis is defined as distance less than 500 kb between a SNP and CpG site. This was the first time that a research team presented mQTL results in adipose tissue looking at both cis and trans effects in most genomic regions and genes [17]. These mQTLs include reported obesity, lipid and type 2 diabetes loci, e. g. ADCY3/5, 2, 1 and LEPR. Significant mQTLs were overrepresented in intergenic regions meanwhile underrepresented in promoter regions and CpG islands. Volkov et al. [17] further identified 635 SNPs in significant cis-mQTLs associated with expression of 86 genes in adipose tissue including CHRNA5, G6PC2, GPX7, RPL272 and ZFP57. SNPs in significant mQTLs were also associated with body mass index (BMI), lipid traits and glucose and insulin levels in our study cohort and public available consortia data [17]. Genetic-order to provide further insights into mechanisms of genetic and epigenetic interaction and its impact on regulation of metabolic phenotypes, we used the CIT. Volkov et al. [17] discovered 39 significant mQTLs where DNA methylation represents the mediator between genetic loci and a metabolic trait. One of these mis associated with HDL regulation through DNA methylation of a CpG site annotated to MCM6. This is an MCM (minichromosome maintenance) complex gene that previously has been shown to affect total cholesterol levels. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing findings from research involving mQTL analysis, which is related to personalized nutrition. The results about genetic variations influencing metabolic traits such as body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol levels indicate that there is substantial ongoing research in the field. The mention of SNPs related to obesity and metabolic traits, along with the innovative approach of analyzing both cis and trans effects in adipose tissue, supports the notion that personalized nutrition is an area of active investigation.