Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: © helps connects writers in the Southampton region, bringing together poets, students and young people. – a collection of poetry – industries based in individual creativity, skill and talent, such as arts, writing, music, fashion, advertising, computer gaming, television and film – an advisor who helps train and guide a more novice colleague – the recipient of a mentor’s advice and guidance The romantic image of the lone poet is not true to life, says May of the University of Southampton, as writers and poets are supported by a network of mentors who devote time and energy to encourage each other in their creative endeavours. Will is exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries and has uncovered how both public initiatives and informal mentoring communities. But Will’s work is about more than just appreciating literary history – he has also put his findings into practice by creating a mentoring programme for young poets, allowing them to develop their talents under the guidance of experienced writers. ? writers and poets have had access to both public and informal mentoring and support. The UK has nurtured literary expression through initiatives run in local libraries, community organisations, like Centerprise in Hackney, and formal schemes, like the Critics Programme. We can also trace its history by looking at correspondence between poets, publishers and editors across the country. Equally (or perhaps even more) important are informal mentoring and networking groups. Will cites the example of poets who founded a writer’s collective that met weekly in Malika’s kitchen. “It grew organically, creating a space for marginalised writers to hone their craft,” he says, “and now Malika’s Kitchen has not only become a regular scheme run by the Poetry Society, shaping the work of some of our best contemporary writers, but has satellite groups across the world. ” During his research, Will has discovered that many poets create their own mentoring communities with other poets, joined by their mutual love of writing. Unlike other sectors, the creative industries are often funded on a project basis, with little support for professional development or training. Groups like Malika’s Kitchen have played a vital role in helping writers grow through a shared exploration of their writing. Will is exploring this role by collecting stories from mentors and mentees who participated in these informal networks, to discover how their mentoring experience shaped them as artists. Will’s research is more than just retrospective. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses mentoring in the creative industries and the support systems for writers and poets. There is no mention of plants or soil types, making it unrelated to the topic of plant growth.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Have a website account? orRegister for exclusive website content. jxym Indexing Editors-in-and for Ethics and Management (Editorial Roles) and Authorship and Conflicts of and Data and of Screening for Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Corrections and Series (Published) (Ongoing) COVID-19 with First 139. com. Objective: To describe and discuss theCas9 application in basic cardiovascular research to facilitate screening of targets for large clinical applications. Background:Cas9 is a new genetic intervention method, which has been widely used in the clinical treatment of tumors and rare diseases, but its application in basic research and clinical research on cardiovascular diseases are both limited. Methods: This 2021. doi: 10. 21037/jxym-21-26 Gene therapy has the potential to treat more than 10,000 human single-gene diseases and can benefit more complex polygenic diseases. /Cas system is a natural immune system of prokaryotes, which exists in most bacteria and archaea. After being invaded by a virus, a prokaryote can extract a small piece of viral DNA and store it in a specific area of its own genome. We call this area the storage space. When encountering a virus invasion again, prokaryotes can recognize the virus based on the stored DNA fragments and cut the virus’s DNA to make it ineffective (1). According to the characteristics of theCas system, scientists have transformed it into the most efficient genome editing tool (1). Among them,Cas9 is an ancient bacterial immune defense system. It was first identified in prokaryotes in 2002 and reapplied to gene editing technology, providing researchers with a revolutionary gene therapy tool (2). In 2012, proved that theCas9 system can cut double-stranded DNA in vitro (1); in 2014, Zhang et al. used theCas9 system for the first time to edit the genome in prokaryotes (E. coli) (3). But at present, there is no relevant clinical level application (4,5). The natural -Cas9 system consists of three parts: SpCas9 (hereinafter referred to as Cas9), crRNA, and tracrRNA. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the application of the Cas9 gene editing system in research and its potential for gene therapy. It highlights that Cas9 is a new genetic intervention method widely used in the clinical treatment of tumors and rare diseases, which supports the idea that gene editing plays an important role in regenerative medicine. The mention of gene therapy's potential to treat thousands of single-gene diseases further emphasizes the promise of gene editing in this field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: (A: profile with full level of velocity; B: profile with velocity bigger than 3. 25 m/s). 5. 4 Urban wind installation and evaluationConsidering the relatively low speed and high turbulence intensity on the roof of Jinsong District, micro or small vertical axis wind turbines will be used. In fact, the average wind speed at Z = 10 m above roof is 2. 3 m/s, and average wind turbulence intensity is 45%. Among many types of commercial wind turbines in the market, we found three types of wind turbines that can operate in low-speed wind: Beijio BDP-600/250, F1, and 6500. The technical parameters of these turbines are shown in Table 9. After comparing several aspects including rated power and unit price, we decided to choose BDP-600/250 (Turbine), which is actually workable in weak wind, light on weight, and the most economical among the three wind turbines. The power curve of the wind turbine is provided by the producer (Figure 29). Table 9. Technical parameters of the selected wind turbines adaptive for fable and turbulent wind environment. Figure 29. Power curve line of the wind turbine BDP-600/250 (source: detail. 1688. com). An example of installing wind turbine on the roof of tower E1 is introduced. Considering the size of the selected wind turbines and the space above the roof, we drew a wind turbine matrix to evaluate the wind power distribution of each wind turbines position. A distance of three rotor diameters between two wind turbines (axis to axis) in the direction perpendicular to the wind is considered. In the second row, the wind turbine is located in the middle of the interval between the two turbines in first row, and also three rotor diameters from each turbine. Figure 30 shows the temporary arrangement matrix for wind turbines on the roof. According to the research of Durrani and Qin [38], the T-shaped configuration of wind turbines mentioned here is conducive to enhancing the wind power generation of the second row turbine. Bayeul-Laine et al. [39] show that, in order to improve efficiency, the distance between two wind turbines in front row facing wind should be small, and the distance between two turbines in the direction of wind should be large. The ongoing arrangement of wind turbines would consider these suggestions. Figure 30. Potential positioning of wind turbines on the roof of the tower E1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the specific characteristics and operational parameters of a vertical axis wind turbine suitable for low wind speeds, indicating that the economic viability of wind energy can vary significantly depending on local conditions such as wind speed and turbulence. It highlights that after comparing several wind turbines, a chosen model is deemed economical only within specific contexts, suggesting that wind farms may not universally be the cheapest source of energy in every region.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: He believes mentoring in poetry can act as a model for the creative industries. “People tend to read, write and publish poetry to enrich their lives rather than fill their pockets,” he explains. “This insulates poetry from creative sectors more dependent on market trends and means it has been able to develop sustained knowledge and expertise about mentoring that hasn’t yet crossed into other creative industries. ” The poetry community is an excellent case study for mentoring in the creative industries and a model for other artistic and literary communities. ? In partnership with the Festival and the literature development organisation Artful Scribe, Will launched the scheme to connect experienced poets like with young poets like Eve Wright. “Formal mentoring schemes can act as lightning rods of change for the mentors and mentees involved,” says Will. Mentees gain confidence in their ability and develop greater ambitions for their writing. Mentors in turn benefit from the opportunity to work with a younger generation of writers and contribute to the future of the literary community. “I’d really like to just feel a little bit more asserted in my writer self, so to speak,” says Eve, of their hopes for the Poetry Ambassadors. “Writing is a very isolated craft, especially when you’re just starting, so I’ve really appreciated the support with discovering my poems with another poet. ” Eve’s mentor, Romalyn, helps them with both the technical and psychological elements of the craft. “It’s hard for anyone to believe they’ll get attached to words until you’ve put your heart into putting them in a certain order and suddenly giving them the cut feels like you’re losing them forever,” Eve explains. “My mentoring partnership with Romalyn has helped me learn to let go when I edit my poems. ” Eve’s experience is familiar to Romalyn. She herself was mentored in the past and knows what it’s like to be taking the first steps to being a poet and how important it is to have a guide. “The poetry world is both big and small, but if you’re just starting out, especially as a young person, then it can seem quite daunting and overwhelming,” Romalyn explains. This can be especially true if a would-be poet lacks role models. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about plants and soil, as it discusses the mentoring in the poetry community and the experiences of poets, with no mention of plants or their growth conditions.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: In addition, on the basis of this NHEJ repair, the repair template plasmid (donor DNA molecule) will be introduced into the cell, which will introduce fragment insertion or site-directed mutations to achieve gene replacement or mutation (for HDR repair), such as gene editing of fertilized egg cells, and introducing it into the surrogate mother can realize the construction of gene-edited animal models (9). At present,Cas technology has been widely used in gene activation, disease model construction, even gene therapy and other related fields. In the past, the efficiency of gene editing and precise cell editing was usually very low (10), whileCas9 provided targetable Target specific precise sites (11), and can interfere with targeting multiple genes at the same time (12), providing new possibilities for the study of complex polygenic diseases, especially suitable for different in vitro and in vivo research and has been used in many studies such as evaluating gene function, disease modeling, transcription regulation and testing new treatment methods (13). At present,Cas9 is widely used in the treatment of tumors and genetic diseases, such as small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. And rare disease treatment (14-16). Most ongoing clinical treatment trials for cancer useCas9 to create chimeric antigen receptor T cell gene editing (CAR-T) for cancer immunotherapy (17,18). system is also used for non-gene editing purposes, such as activating and inhibiting gene expression, and for fluorescently positioning and labeling chromosomal regions and individual mRNAs (19). In addition,Cas9 gene editing has successfully constructed a variety of model animals, such as transgenic sheep and knockout pigs (20,21). That is, in the past ten years, the development of genome editing technology has fundamentally changed biomedical research. It has been widely used in tumor scientific research and clinical fields, but related research in the cardiovascular field is worthy of summary and discussion. Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and death among the elderly in our country, and is considered to be a major public health problem. At present, genome editing tools have been used to explore the mechanism of cardiovascular-related diseases such as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and lipid metabolism (13). And previous studies have shown that the specific expression of Cas9 in cardiomyocytes does not affect cardiac function or related gene expression. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the advancements in gene editing technologies, particularly Cas9, and their applications in regenerative medicine, including the creation of gene-edited animal models and their use in gene therapy for diseases such as cancer and genetic disorders. The mention of gene editing providing 'new possibilities for the study of complex polygenic diseases' further supports its promising role in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: However, given that tower E1 is one of the windiest locations in the block, we must recognize that the wind power potential over the roofs of other buildings in the block is relatively low and may hardly be “profitable. ”6. ConclusionsThis 1. van Duijvendijk M, Gruiter TD, et al. Wind energy for the built environment (project WEB), PF4. 11. In: Procs. & Exhibition, Copenhagen, 2–6 July 2001. 2001. Available from:. Energy. London: Earthscan; 2009. DOI: 10. 4324/97818497702623. of Building Mounted/Turbines (BUWTs): Achieving their potential for carbon emission reductions. Final report, under contract of (2002-07-028-1-6), 4 May 20054. IT Power, Small wind turbines for the urban environment—State of the art, case studies & economic analysis. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, 20055. energy integration in the urban environment. Deliverable 1. 1, Technology inventory report. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, 20056. socio-économiques et acceptablité des éolienes en milieu urbain—France. EIE/04/130/SO7. 38591, project 20077. wind turbines—Guidelines for small wind turbines in the built environment. ; 20078. . Eoliennes en milieu urbain-Etat de l’art. Paris: -de-France; 20069. Yu WK. Current progress and future development of wind energy in [thesis]. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong; 201110. Turesson J. Potential for renewable energy sources (RES) in Grenoble, Delft [Master’s thesis]. Stockholm: KTH and Management; 201111. Shi S. The applied research of urban high-rise buildings wind energy and for designing of hybrid energy storage system [thesis]. Shijiazhuang: of Science and Technology; 2011. in Chinese12. Zeng HS. Integration of renewable energy with urban design: Based on the examples of the solar photovoltaics and micro wind turbines [thesis]. Cambridge (Massachusetts): of Technology; 201113. Whaley DM. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that even in a windy location, the wind power potential may not be profitable due to the relatively low wind power potential over other buildings. This suggests that wind farms may not always be the cheapest source of energy, as local conditions can significantly affect their economic viability.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: “I didn’t come from a literary background,” she says, “so I really appreciated having a mentor as I began my poetry journey. It really was a tremendous help to have someone to guide me. I want to support young poets like Eve, and I want to learn from the experience myself. ” is launching its first anthology of poetry with Press in October 2021. Beyond helping mentees and mentors, the mentoring scheme has helped transform the organisations that run it, deepening the collaborations between the University of Southampton, the Festival and Artful Scribe, broadening their horizons and making them more outward-looking. “It is helping us work together to better support young people across the region,” Will says. Will’s research shows that the study of literature is far from an ivory tower endeavour – poetry and writing create communities, give a voice to young or marginalised groups, and allow them to shape their culture and society through their creative works. in Modern and Contemporary Literature, University of : Modern and : Exploring the role of mentoring in the creative industries : Arts and “I love the breadth and restlessness of research in English literature,” says Will. In his work, he has studied the relationship between music and poetry, ‘whimsy’ as a literary mode, and the connections between solitary poets and their wider networks and communities. To do this, he has interviewed poets about their practice, dug through literary archives and made connections across disciplines to find new approaches in critical and creative thinking. Literature research often is interdisciplinary, drawing on texts from history, philosophy and economics to frame questions and construct arguments. ? “To write is to find a voice, and to write better is to draw on those around you to develop it,” says Will. “Writing can be used to build and support communities. ” His research has taught him ways to support writers and writing, a subject he is deeply passionate about. Understanding how writers have succeeded in the past gives us a blueprint for building organisations and institutions to support them and their communities in the future. • of Southampton offers the Access to Southampton programme (www. southampton. ac. uk/schools-colleges/access-to-southampton. page) to help students apply to university. • (www. poetryandmentoring. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses poetry mentoring, research in literature, and community building rather than any information regarding plants or soil types. There is no mention or implication of the relationship between plants and soil in the provided text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Cas9-specific knock-in mice have been used to edit cardiac genes such as Myh6, Sav1, and Tbx2061. However, the current research on therapeutic genome editing in the cardiovascular field is limited (22). The following will describe the related research progress of the two in more detail. We present the following 10. 21037/jxym-21-26). Heart development Before the cardiovascular system starts to operate, the embryo mainly obtains nutrients and oxygen through diffusion. However, as the embryo develops, the heart development will play an important role in the follow-up (23). Studies have shown thatCas9 constructs a zebrafish heart development model by interfering with the microporous in heart regeneration, the migration of cardiac progenitor cells in heart development, and Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction (23). In addition to constructing animal models,Cas9 can also participate in heart development through germline genome editing, and be developed as a treatment tool for hereditary heart disease. For example, usingCas9 to correct the MYBPC3 mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in human germ cells (24). Using theCas9 system to generate gtpbp3 gene knockout zebrafish, it was found that gtpbp3 knockout zebrafish mitochondrial tRNA metabolism is abnormal. Abnormal mitochondrial tRNA metabolism damages mitochondrial translation, produces protease inhibitory stress, changes the activity of respiratory chain complexes, and leads to embryonic heart Developmental changes, and reduce the shortening of the mutant zebrafish ventricles, and the ventricular cardiomyocytes of the zebrafish that knock out the gtpbp3 gene are hypertrophy and myocardial fiber disorders (25). It suggests thatCas9 participates in heart development by intervening in related gene editing. Atherosclerosis/heart failureCas9 gene editing to regulate the progress of cardiovascular-related diseases is currently a research hotspot. For example, knocking out the ApoE/ApoC3 gene byCas9 can construct a rat model of atherosclerosis (26,27); in vivo AAV-/Cas9-mediated LDLR gene editing can partially rescue LDLR expression and effectively improve LDLR mutations Body-induced atherosclerosis phenotype9 (28,29). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing various applications of gene editing, specifically using the Cas9 system, in the realm of cardiac gene therapy and heart development. It illustrates how Cas9-mediated gene editing is being researched and utilized to address cardiovascular diseases, demonstrating its potential within the field of regenerative medicine. The text discusses specific examples such as correcting genetic mutations that lead to heart diseases, indicating ongoing research that supports the promising nature of gene editing in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: Accordingly, this analysis served as a manipulation check securing that the experimental manipulation of bringing participants in contact with data graphs conveying information on predictability and fluctuation of wind energy supply had indeed been achieved. Figure 4 suggests that the manipulation was successful. The group means of lower-rated vs. higher-rated data graphs spanned a large part of the scale implying that participants showed high consistency in ratings based on processing the data graphs. Fig. 4Consistency of fluctuation and predictability ratings across the participants for each individual graph. Error bars depict the standard errors in the ratings of each individual graph in one specific groupFull size imageDiscussionWith the growing share of wind power in the electric energy supply, fluctuation in wind energy supply might increasingly become part of public debate as they influence energy prices. Here we explored whether this might lead to acceptance problems that should be taken into account by developing appropriate communication strategies. Our results suggest that acceptance of wind energy is robust and not perturbed by salient information on fluctuation of wind energy supply. Participants’ acceptance of wind energy plants was not compromised by making information on fluctuation in wind energy salient. Furthermore, mean scores of fluctuation and predictability ratings were not different for groups working on labelled data graphs vs. participants working on unlabelled data graphs (not knowing that the data was about wind energy supply). Thus, potential stances towards wind energy did not affect judgment of fluctuation and predictability (cf. Lewandowski et al. , 2016). Our study contrasts work suggesting that reliability, predictability, and stability of wind energy supply are considered to be important elements of wind energy acceptance (Rohrig et al. , 2013; Schubert et al. , 2014). Different from prior work we experimentally manipulated the availability of information on predictability and fluctuation. The divergence in results might hint that in other studies reliability, predictability, and stability were used as arguments by citizens to support a negative stance towards wind energy (rather than this actually being the basis of their position). Many studies emphasize that the resistance toward wind energy plants mainly exists on the local level (Hammami et al. , 2018; Olson-Hazboun, 2018; Sharpton et al. , 2020). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about wind farms being the cheapest source of energy. It discusses the acceptance of wind energy, the influence of information on fluctuation and predictability, and contrasting previous studies on wind energy perceptions. There is no information supporting or contesting the cost aspect of wind farms.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: com/podcast), Will’s four-part podcast series about poetry and mentoring, explores the crucial role of mentoring for poets. • Department at the University of Southampton has created a series of podcasts discussing texts and study tips to support GCSE and A-level students: www. southampton. ac. uk/english/about/english-podcasts. page • Will recommends studying English and other languages in school to, “train your ear, eye, and brain to attend to the power and possibility of literature,” before a university degree in English or English literature. • or literature undergraduate degree is often the starting point for literature research, and a PhD or extensive professional writing experience is required for an academic career. • But the study of literature is interdisciplinary, so the most important skill to develop is your ability to analyse texts. Will’s colleagues in the at the University of Southampton have degrees in history, philosophy and law, showing that a range of subjects could lead to a career in literature research. ? I’ve always loved singing and music of all kinds – from pop, jazz, and folk to classical song cycles. But the more I learnt about songs, the more my attention turned to the words. I think it was a sibling who inspired my interest in studying literature. I’m the youngest of four, and I remember reading my eldest sister’s English essays and being very confused but intrigued! I did my PhD on the extraordinary British poet and I adore her writing. I love the way she stubbornly makes room for all the feelings and encounters of everyday life we didn’t realise we could make into poems: frogs, hedges, newspaper clippings, rainy parks. Her scratchy drawings and strange half-sung performances really expanded my sense of what a poem could be, as well as what it could be about. I’m a great believer in creative writing as a way of keeping your thinking creative too. I enjoy writing myself, as well as studying other people’s work. Even if I am teaching an undergraduate course on critical reading, we will often use writing activities to find new ways of thinking about the texts we’re studying. Writing is a conversation with the world, not a formal exam or a private diary. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on topics related to literature, poetry, and education without mentioning anything about plants or soil. Therefore, it does not provide any information that supports or contradicts the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: Transfect Cas9 with lentiviral vector, and guide RNA to introduce Tet2 and Dnmt3a inactivating mutations into lineage-negative bone marrow cells, implant the cells into chemotherapy mice, and continue to inject Ang II (angiotensin II), Tet2 or Dnmt3a Mice with inactivating mutations showed greater myocardial hypertrophy, weakened heart function, and more severe heart and kidney fibrosis (30). The gRNA vector expressed byCas9 targeting Mef2d can effectively construct the myocardial hypertrophy phenotype (31). /Cas9 with short template oligonucleotides produces ATP-sensitive potassium channels for human cardiovascular diseases that cause human cardiovascular diseases in zebrafish homologous genes and are related to Cantu syndrome (CS) (Kir6. 1, KCNJ8, SUR2, ABCC9) gene mutations in the subunits, resulting in significantly enlarged ventricles, increased cardiac output and contractile function, and significantly dilated cerebral blood vessels (32). The above shows that gene editing plays an important role in inducing cardiovascular diseases, and it also plays an equal role in basic research on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as:Cas9-mediated FKBP5 gene deletion enhances the effect of FKBP5 on NF-κB through a positive feedback loop Response, has the effect of treating acute myocardial infarction (33). /Cas9 knock-in MSCs expressing dual chemokines GCP-2 and SDF-1α may be an alternative treatment option for ischemic vascular disease (34). That is,Cas9 provides a new methodology for the research of cardiovascular related diseases. Cardiovascular preclinical gene therapy research At the current clinical level, two types of cardiovascular diseases can be treated or prevented through genome editing. The first type is cardiovascular diseases associated with inheritance, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and muscular dystrophy that cause cardiac dysfunction, and the second type It is diseases such as Marfan syndrome and familial pulmonary hypertension (1,10,22). In addition, with the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), the generation of human cell lines withCas9 knockout and knock-in specific genes can significantly increase the possibility of treating cardiovascular diseases (6). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the applications of Cas9 gene editing technology in treating various cardiovascular diseases. It highlights how gene editing can introduce mutations that play a significant role in both understanding and potentially treating conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential of gene editing in regenerative medicine through innovative methodologies such as MSCs expressing dual chemokines and induced pluripotent stem cells, which are crucial in developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Wind farms are always the cheapest source of energy in every region. [SEP] Text: For instance, according to the studies, distance from wind turbines, locals’ engagement in the planning and implementation process, perceived benefits, equity, fairness (see Ellis & Ferraro, 2016 for a review), and community co-ownership (Musall & Kuik, 2011) can effectively attenuate resistance. Acceptance of wind farms is further determined by socio-political, environmental, and personal attitudes (Huijts et al. , 2012; Kempton et al. , 2005). Thus, factors affecting the acceptance of wind power technologies are manifold. According to Assefa and Frostell (2007), lay people are not well equipped with relevant information about climate change or renewable energy sources. They constantly seek the balanced information (Dütschke & Wesche, 2015). This underlines the importance of studies checking which aspects (do not) lead to acceptance problems. Moreover, the fact that enhancing knowledge about renewable energy can improve acceptance (Liu et al. , 2013) may be indirect evidence that uncertainties about this innovative technology underlie the local resistance. Citizens might not feel affected by fluctuation in the supply as other sources of electricity can compensate (Vivas et al. , 2018; Association, 2020). Future studies might test whether we can also count on robust levels of acceptance when the costs of this strategy are made transparent. Importantly, fluctuation in supply can place strong incentives on consumers and industry to flexibly shift the use of energy towards peaks in supply. Thus, charting the economic and ecologic potential of flexible energy usage might substantially increase the acceptance of renewable energy sources. The current work used an experimental approach optimized to secure that differences between conditions (or lack of differences) could be attributed to the impact (or lack of impact) of the independent variable (cf. Shadish et al. , 2002): participants were randomly assigned in a blind way. We secured (see Fig. 4) that they attentively processed the data graph material so that we can be sure that they took notice of the high variability in wind energy. Thus, this manipulation check secured that the independent variable was varied successfully. Together with the high statistical power (large sample), this makes us quite confident to conclude that varying information on fluctuation in wind energy has indeed no effect on acceptance. Furthermore, the generalizability of the findings is likely high given that we tested an age- heterogeneous sample of students most of whom are working. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the various factors affecting the acceptance and economic viability of wind energy, such as distance from turbines, socio-political attitudes, and supply fluctuations. It indicates that acceptance of wind power technologies is influenced by a range of socio-political and personal factors, suggesting that wind energy is not necessarily the cheapest option universally. The text emphasizes the variability in wind energy's acceptance based on numerous external factors, indicating that it cannot be deemed the cheapest source in every region.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: The more you read and think through what other people are writing, and talk to other people about it, the more freedom you will give yourself to experiment, learn and grow. Beekeeping and acrobatics are both hobbies I’ve taken up in the last few years and hugely enjoy. Acrobatics is a wonderful (and very undigital) way to think about humans – we leave our worries at the door and become vessels for energy and movement. Beekeeping is fascinating – bees tend to know what they are doing much more than beekeepers do, so it’s mostly a chance to look on in awe at a superorganism doing its dazzling work. ? I’ve been working as a nurse for almost 10 years and my writing focuses on nursing, especially migrant nurses, as I come from a community of migrant Filipino nurses. I wanted to shed light on the narrative of migrants, and I’m lucky that I wanted to write about something that is already deeply embedded in my own person. Even though I didn’t have any literary experience, my nursing background has taught me to write. In nursing, you’re taught to pay attention and to observe. You relate with other people and foster empathy. And these techniques I’ve learnt through nursing are the same techniques that we use as writers. ? I would say that it would be the publication of my first poetry book, Antiemetic for Homesickness. I’m proud that this book allows readers to come to poetry. I have readers who are doctors, nurses, carers. I have readers who are migrants themselves. I think that’s what poetry should be about – poetry should open doors wider. I’m really proud that my work speaks with different readers from different backgrounds. ? As well as being a nurse, I also run a Filipino grocery shop with my husband. I enjoy managing it as I get to communicate more with my community, and I enjoy being around food – I love cooking. I also walk my dogs every day, and I like drawing and any other kind of arts and crafts. ? Find a mentor to guide you and be open to being taught – it will enhance your own creative practice. I’ve had three mentors and they have been really helpful. I wouldn’t be where I am now if not for their support. A good mentor will guide you and will help you chose what path to take. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses personal experiences and reflections from various aspects of life, including hobbies, nursing, and poetry, without mentioning anything about plants or soils. Thus, it does not provide any support or contradiction to the claim about plants and their ability to thrive in different soil types.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: For example, usingCas9 technology to knock the TALEN gene into cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells to correct gene mutations related to dilated cardiomyopathy in the PLN gene, and in vivo (via adeno-associated virus) to mice The administration of this system has been shown to improve heart function during pressure overload or after induced myocardial infarction (22,28). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene plays an important role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene can lead to hypercholesterolemia and related in arteriosclerosis, -Cas9 knocking out the PCSK9 gene will increase the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in adult mice and achieve clinical therapeutic effects (23). It suggests thatCas9 plays an effective role in basic research and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but there is no direct clinical application in the field of cardiovascular disease. In summary,Cas9 represents a breakthrough in genome editing technology, opening up a new way to manipulate genomes in vitro and in vivo. Although research on small animal models has been stable so far, there are still some off-target effects of genes, which will be prolonged. Basic research and clinical treatment time, it is currently not possible to carry out gene correction in human heart. The application in cardiovascular is mainly focused on direct therapeutic intervention and basic research in preclinical animal models of hereditary heart disease (35), so it can be combined with related Subject related research, after discovering new key targets for diseases, gene editing technology is used to intervene related genes to realize possible programs for gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases. All the protein targets discussed in this 10. 21037/jxym-21-26 Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at There’s no conflict of interest between authors and unit, excluding the support of the page fee for this 4. 0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4. 0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the 4. 0/. 21. [Crossref] [PubMed] Insertion of DNA sequences into the human chromosomal beta-globin locus by homologous recombination. Nature 1985;317:230-4. [Crossref] [PubMed]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the potential applications of Cas9 technology in gene editing, particularly within the context of cardiovascular diseases. It highlights its effectiveness in correcting gene mutations and improving heart function, indicating that gene editing represents a significant advancement in biomedical research and treatment possibilities. The mention of using gene editing for therapeutic interventions and the ongoing research into its applications supports the idea that gene editing is indeed a promising field in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture : (2020). The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture. Thesis (Doctoral), E. T. S. I. Industriales (UPM). Description Title: The potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture Author/s: Pozo, Contributor/s: Jiménez Álvaro, Ángel Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral) Read date: 2020 Subjects: Faculty: E. T. S. I. Industriales (UPM) Department: Ingeniería Energética Licenses: Recognition - No derivative works - Non commercial Full text Preview PDF - Requires a PDF viewer, such as GSview, Xpdf or (5MB) | The growing concern in global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has triggered substantial research and technology development efforts to curtail CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants, responsible of approximately 25% of the total CO2 emissions of the global economy. Coal has the highest carbon intensity of the different energy sources for electricity and heat generation and will remain a significant primary energy source in developing countries in the following decades. Compelling energy solutions with carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be a must to meet the global warming targets. Amongst the different solid fuel power generation technologies, (IGCC) have the potential to reach higher efficiencies with a lower environmental impact than Boilers (PCB). Removing the CO2 from exhaust combustion gases in a cost effective manner, with additionally low energy penalty, is a challenge. An alternative pathway to post-combustion CO2 capture is pre-combustion CO2 capture, where the gaseous fuel undergoes a shift reaction to produce a H2 rich carbon free fuel, while the CO2 is removed with absorbents more efficiently and cost effectively as the CO2 is not diluted in the air stream, typically at a higher partial pressure. This capture technology is well suited for IGCC plants where a gasification unit produces a pressurized syngas fuel. However, the energy penalty relative to an Unabated IGCC plant is still significant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of CO2 capture technologies and the ongoing reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal, for energy generation. It emphasizes that removing CO2 from exhaust gases is a challenge that requires effective technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), rather than an instant elimination of energy-related pollution through a simple switch to renewable energy. The mention of significant energy penalties associated with current carbon capture methods further underlines that switching to renewable energy alone won't instantly resolve pollution issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All plants can thrive in any type of soil. [SEP] Text: But, at the end of the day, it is your path, and only you can walk it. Remember, your poetry is yours. It is between you and your work, so think about why you are writing. ? Oftentimes, it’s me reading into innocuous, or not so innocuous, events or things and trying to juice the poetry out of them. I’m a strong believer that you can make poetry out of anything. I’m a big music listener, so that is a major influence. ? I’m a massive science nerd – I’ll have you know my human body, Kevin, with squishy organs is a good writing companion! I’m so much of a science nerd that I’m studying at university this October. ? I’m getting published in Ambit this July. This is my first publication in a major poetry magazine, and I am still pinching myself. I am probably still pinching myself as you read this! It would be nice to have a poetry collection with my name on it one day. As an autistic person, I often believed I would never be as worthy of a place in the writing world as my neurotypical counterparts. can make just one person feel capable of writing, it would mean the world to me. ? Just keep on jamming your foot in all the writing doors (metaphorically) that get shut on you – eventually you will manage to get both feet through. Take every opportunity you can. Of course, never jam your feet in doors at the expense of your mental health. If you aren’t ready for it yet, it is okay to keep some doors closed. Also, if you have nothing to write, you likely do. Even if it is just “I don’t know what to write”. If you’re ever stuck, just write anything that comes to mind for five minutes. You never know, you may just strike gold. is a rewarding journey but should also be a companionable one – find structures that can help support you, whether that’s a local writing group, or a national network. Do you have a question for Will, Romalyn or Eve? Write it in the comments box below and Will, Romalyn or Eve will get back to you. (Remember, researchers are very busy people, so you may have to wait a few days. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim since it does not mention anything related to plants or soil. It focuses on personal reflections about writing, poetry, and the author's experiences, thereby not addressing the viability of plants in various soil types.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: /Cas9 for genome editing: progress, implications and challenges. Genet 2014;23:R40-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] Multiplex genome engineering usingCas systems. Science 2013;339:819-23. [Crossref] [PubMed] RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 2013;339:823-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] Doetschman T, Georgieva T. /Cas9 RNA-Directed Nuclease. 2017;120:876-94. [Crossref] [PubMed]. Development and applications of -Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell 2014;157:1262-78. [Crossref] [PubMed] Genome-scale -Cas9 knockout screening in human cells. Science 2014;343:84-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] -Cas9 knockin mice for genome editing and cancer modeling. Cell 2014;159:440-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is associated with increased cyclic nucleotide content. Physiol 1986;251:G786-93. [PubMed] Adli M. tool kit for genome editing and beyond. 2018;9:1911. [Crossref] [PubMed] One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes byCas-mediated genome engineering. Cell 2013;153:910-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]. /Cas9 gene-editing strategies in cardiovascular cells. 2020;116:894-907. [Crossref] [PubMed] Network. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Med 2013;368:2059-74. [Crossref] [PubMed] Update on gastric cancer treatments and gene therapies. Rev 2019;38:537-48. [Crossref] [PubMed] Modeling colorectal cancer using -Cas9-mediated engineering of human intestinal organoids. 2015;21:256-62. [Crossref] [PubMed]. Application of Techniques in Immunology. (Warsz) 2018;66:289-98. [Crossref] [PubMed]. /Cas9 gene-editing: Research technologies, clinical applications and ethical considerations. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it references multiple studies and applications of Cas9 gene editing technologies, which are integral to advancements in regenerative medicine. The discussion includes a range of applications such as genome engineering, cancer modeling, and gene therapies, all of which contribute to the promise of gene editing in the field of regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: This is a critical issue as a lower thermal efficiency leads to larger coal feed to the plant for a given electricity output increasing simultaneously the specific capital costs and the costs associated with fuel production and transportation. Combustion (CLC) appears as a promising technology to minimize the efficiency loss of carbon sequestration. This capture technology mode is also referred to as inherent carbon capture. In CLC, a metal oxygen carrier is exposed alternatively to a gaseous fuel and an air stream in two interconnected fluidized bed reactors. In the fuel reactor, the oxygen carrier is reduced and the products of combustion (CO2 and H2O) are obtained, which after water condensation, a relatively pure CO2 stream ready for compression and storage is delivered. In the air reactor, the exothermic oxidation reaction takes place, thereby heating the air stream to reactor temperature, suitable for power production in a gas turbine. However, the scale up of interconnected fluidized beds at pressurized conditions (required in power cycles) has been slow. Moreover, the complex hydrodynamics of solids transfer from one reactor to another makes the system have very low flexibility in part load operation of the power cycle. To circumvent these challenges, the gas switching (GS) technology was introduced. In this mode of reactor dynamic operation, the oxygen carrier is kept within the reactor volume, and a set of inlet and outlet valves exposes it to oxidant (air) and reduction (fuel) streams. In order to obtain a time constant averaged flow and temperature to the gas turbine for stable operation, a cluster of reactors is needed. The reactors are operated in bubbling fluidization regime as this has several advantages with respect to a fixed packed bed configuration. Alternative to Combustion (GSC), the (GSOP) technology utilizes an oxygen carrier capable of releasing free oxygen in the reduction stream, which can be effectively utilized as an oxidant stream of a gasification process. The goal of this Thesis is to determine the potential of gas switching chemical looping technology to eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 capture in IGCC plants, employing GSC and GSOP clusters. The modelling work of this research consists of developing a set of technology blocks that appear in power plant systems based on plausible performances reported in literature and synthesizing different power plant concepts by integrating the technology blocks. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by elaborating on the complexities and challenges associated with carbon capture technologies, specifically in the context of switching to renewable energy. It discusses the inefficiencies and the slow scale-up of technologies like chemical looping for carbon capture, indicating that merely switching to renewable energy does not guarantee an instant elimination of energy-related pollution. Instead, it highlights that significant technological advancements and considerations are needed in the implementation of these systems.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? access Published: 21 February 2020 Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other? Mi-Young Won1, Linda B. Oyama2, Stephen J. Courtney2, Christopher J. Creevey2 & …Sharon A. : orcid. org/0000-0002-9284-24532 Show authors Microbiome 38. 2% of total genomes). Of these 192 genomes, 139 are from Gram-positive bactreetteria and 53 from Gram-negative bacteria. We also found that the genera Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio, which are well known as the most abundant bacterial genera in the rumen, possessed the most lux-based AI-2 QS genes. Gene expression levels within the metatranscriptome dataset showed that Prevotella, in particular, expressed high levels of LuxS synthase suggesting that this genus plays an important role in QS within the rumen. ConclusionThis is the most comprehensive study of QS in the rumen microbiome to date. This study shows that AI-2-based QS is rife in the rumen. These results allow a greater understanding on plant-microbe interactions in the rumen. BackgroundThe rumen microbiome is a highly specialised, complex community composed of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses [1]. Even though the rumen microbiome has been studied for many years, progress in understanding rumen microbial function has been slow due to the complexity of the ecosystem and available technologies, although recent ‘omic advances have improved our understanding. Despite these recent developments of ‘omic technologies, there remains to be a dearth of knowledge regarding bacterial cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome. Much is known about cell communication from pure culture studies of non-ruminant origin (e. g. Vibrio harveyi, V. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the communication of rumen bacteria and does not provide any information regarding plant communication through roots. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim about plant communication.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing is a promising field within regenerative medicine. [SEP] Text: [Crossref] [PubMed] Quantitative proteomics identify DAB2 as a cardiac developmental regulator that inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling. 2016;113:1002-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] Epigenetic upregulation of FKBP5 by aging and stress contributes to NF-κB-driven inflammation and cardiovascular risk. 2019;116:11370-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] Corrigendum to "Dual chemotactic factors-secreting human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells via TALEN-mediated gene editing enhanced angiogenesis" Cardiol 2018;263:186. [Int J. Cardiol. 260(2018) 156-162]. [Crossref] [PubMed] Editing in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019;4:122-31. [Crossref] [PubMed] doi: 10. 21037/jxym-21-26Cite this 33. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various studies related to gene editing, including the use of TALEN-mediated gene editing to enhance angiogenesis, which falls under the purview of regenerative medicine. The mention of editing in cardiovascular diseases further supports the assertion that gene editing holds significant potential in this medical field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: The novel power plant concepts are benchmarked against and Unabated IGCC plant and a Pre-combustion CO2 capture IGCC plant, the latter representative of an available and deployable CCS technology. In parallel, flexible power plants for H2 and power co-production integrating GSC and membrane reactors using advanced H-class gas turbine technology are developed, together with suitable plant benchmarks with and without CCS, with the purpose of presenting power plant concepts which can balance variable renewable energy (VRE), a critical aspect for the competitiveness of thermal plants in a future with high renewable penetration. With regards to the modelling of GS technology, a dynamic model is developed and connected to the stationary power plant simulation to obtain inlet stream data from it and deliver time-averaged output operating conditions. The 4E analysis methodology is employed to analyse and benchmark the novel plant configurations. 4E stands for Energy, Environmental, Exergy and Economic. and Environmental analysis are performed to all of the synthesized plants. Exergy and Economic analysis have been performed to those plants that revealed a higher potential, depending on the project requirements. It is recognized that substantial technology development is required to reach GS technology deployment. Many material related challenges must be overcome, i. e. the oxygen carrier must have a high mechanical stability and durability through many gas switching reduction and oxidation cycles, achieving a high conversion and preventing any fuel slip through the reduction stage. High temperature valves and filters must be available, to ensure a safe operation of the gas turbine. Furthermore, the reactor temperatures must be maximized in order to attain attractive thermal efficiencies. It is therefore highlighted that this Thesis constitutes and ex-ante assessment of GS technology for CCS, as a forecasting effort of its potential assuming that all technology showstoppers are overcome. -------------------- La creciente preocupación debida al calentamiento global a causa de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) ha causado un incremento considerable de esfuerzos dirigidos a la investigación y al desarrollo de tecnologías para la reducción de emisiones de CO2 en plantas de producción de energía a partir de combustibles fósiles, responsables aproximadamente del 25% del total de emisiones de CO2 en la economía global. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that substantial technology development is still required for methods like gas switching technology (GS) for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to be effective. It discusses ongoing challenges and the necessity for advanced technologies in energy production, suggesting that simply switching to renewable energy is not an instant solution for eliminating energy-related pollution, especially considering that fossil fuel plants contribute significantly to CO2 emissions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: fischeri, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which shows that Gram-negative bacteria typically use acylated homoserine lactone (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) cell to cell communication strategies (autoinducer-1 QS system; AI-1) and Gram-positive bacteria use furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (autoinducer-2 QS system; AI-2) [2,3,4]. In these bacteria, upregulation of QS autoinducer chemicals, followed by receptor binding, instigates changes in overall bacterial gene expression and phenotype, with increased virulence commonly being a consequence [4]. These studies outline the genetic basis of QS-based bacterial cell to cell communication in vitro and are useful for furthering our understanding; however, their applicability to microbiome communities are uncertain and cell to cell communication in multi-species biofilms, such as those in the rumen, are likely to be far more complicated. AHLs have been detected in rumen fluid, suggesting they may play a role in cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome [5]. By testing pure cultures, Erikson et al. (2002) [5] were not able to identify which bacteria produce AHL using Gram-negative rumen bacterial pure cultures, including Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5S, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Megasphaera elsdenii LC1, Prevotella albensis 223/M2/7, P. brevis GA33, P. bryantii B14, P. ruminocola 23 and B85, Ruminobacter amylophilus 70 and WP109, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, four unnamed S. ruminantium strains and Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens 24, as well as Gram-positive ruminal pure culture bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira multiparus 20, Ruminococcus albus B199, two strains of R. flavefaciens and Streptococcus bovis YM150. This suggests that the as yet unculturable bacteria or other cultured bacteria not tested by Erickson et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides detailed information about bacterial cell-to-cell communication mechanisms, specifically through quorum sensing in various bacteria. However, it does not address the claim about plants communicating through their root networks, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/55612 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechMedicine and Edited by Jose A. the Edited by Jose A. purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionIn current clinical practice, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the gold standard drug to be administred within three hours after the onset of cerebral infarction. In the near future, it will become acceptable to administer it within 4. 5 hours of onset. Even if t-PA administration cannot be utilized for cerebral infaction patients because of time window limitations, the intravascular technique using the Merci(R) retreiver and the Penumbra(R) system can be applied to some patients with cerebral infarction. Not all cerebral infarction patients can be saved by these clinical therapeutic methods. Despite surviving the acute phase of cerebral infarction as a result of these clinical therapeutic methods, some patients suffer from permanent hemiparesis in the chronic phase. It is for this reason that regenerative medicine must play more important role in solving this problem. We have two types of regenerative medicine approaches to patients with neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction and Parkinson’s disease. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that 'regenerative medicine must play more important role in solving this problem' concerning patients who suffer from permanent effects of cerebral infarction and neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease. This supports the idea that regenerative medicine could indeed revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: El carbón tiene la mayor intensidad de emisiones de CO2 de las diferentes fuentes de energía disponibles para la generación de electricidad y calor y permanecerá siendo una fuente de energía primaria significativa en las próximas décadas en países en vías de desarrollo. Soluciones energéticas efectivas con captura y almacenamiento de CO2 (CAC) serán un requisito indispensable para alcanzar los objetivos de calentamiento climático. Entre las distintas tecnologías de producción de energía a partir de combustibles sólidos, las centrales de Gasificación Integrada y (GICC) tienen el potencial de alcanzar mayores eficiencias con un impacto medioambiental menor que las calderas de carbón pulverizado (CCP). Eliminar el CO2 contenido en los gases de combustión de una forma económica y adicionalmente, con baja penalización energética es un desafío. Una alternativa a la captura post-combustión de CO2 es la captura pre-combustión, en la que un combustible gaseoso experimenta una reacción “shift” para producir un combustible rico en H2, mientras que el CO2 es separado mediante absorbente más eficientemente y con un menor coste ya que el CO2 no está diluido en la corriente de aire, y por tanto se halla a una presión parcial mayor. Esta tecnología de captura está bien adecuada a planta GICC en las cuales una unidad de gasificación produce un gas de síntesis presurizado como combustible. Sin embargo, la penalización energética relativa a una planta GICC sin captura sigue siendo sustancial. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that coal remains a significant energy source with high CO2 emissions. It discusses the need for effective energy solutions such as CO2 capture and storage, highlighting that simply switching to renewable energy is insufficient to address energy-related pollution instantly. The challenges of reducing CO2 emissions, as described in the text, indicate that transitioning to renewable sources alone will not eliminate pollution immediately.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: (2002) [5] may be responsible for most of the AHL signals found in rumen fluid. Interestingly, it has been reported that AHL signals are reduced in concentration in rumen fluid taken during the winter, possibly due to changes in the microbiome in line with winter diets [6]. While recently, Yang and colleagues isolated P. aeruginosa YZ1 from the rumen of cattle, which utilises AHL signals to communicate [7], although this bacterial genus is not commonly found in the rumen ecosystem [8]. Supporting the importance of cell to cell communication in the rumen microbiome, LuxS proteins and analogues from the AI-2 QS system have been annotated in transcriptome datasets from the rumen [9]. Moreover, AI-2 activity was also detected in the rumen contents of three cows [10,11,12]. Mitsumori and colleagues (2003) [10] also detected AI-2 signals in pure cultures of B. fibrisolvens, Eubacterium ruminantium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Succinomonas amylolytica, suggesting a prominent role of AI-2-based QS in the rumen. Recently, the Hungate collection of rumen microbial genomes was released [13]. This collection of 501 microbial genomes is the most comprehensive for the rumen microbiome and represents a major step change in our ability to understand the rumen microbiome. In this study, we took advantage of the availability of the Hungate collection, alongside other rumen bacterial genomes deposited in Genbank, to prospect rumen bacterial genomes for genes/proteins which are known to be involved in QS cell to cell communication and to further our understanding of the importance of QS in the rumen. We also confirmed that putative QS genes were expressed by prospecting for these sequences in the largest available rumen metatranscriptome datasets. MethodsBacterial genomes used in this studyThe bacterial genomes used in this study were obtained both from the Hungate collection (428 bacterial species excluding genomes from archaea, viruses and eukaryotes) ( (accessed on July 2018) and from Genbank ( (July 2018) [13]. To find the genomes in Genbank, the genomes category in PubMed was searched using the keywords “rumen and bacteria”. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding plant communication. It discusses cell-to-cell communication in the rumen microbiome and the role of quorum sensing (QS) in bacterial communication, but it does not provide information about how plants might communicate through their roots. Therefore, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: The first approach involves exogenous stem cells for stem cell transplantation [1-3], and the second involves the enhancement of endogenous stem cells. In terms of neural stem cell transplantation (allogenic transplantation), we demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of adult neural stem and progenitor cells that were modified to secrete Glial cell line–derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) in a transient ischemia model of rats [4]. However, we have not demonstrated the same effect by autologous transplantaion. Stem cells were transplanted in the acute stage of an ischemia animal model in many studies, which showed the neuroprotective effect of stem cell transplantation. It is difficult to show the same effect of stem cell transplantation in the chronic phase of ischemia. As a result, if we want to show the same effect by autologous stem cell transplantation, we must transplant autologous stem cells in an acute-stage ischea model of rats. Unfortunately, we do not yet have a technique to immediately expand autologous adult neural stem cells. Our previous experiment showed that it took several weeks to obtain a sufficient number of autologous adult neural stem cells [5]. Many researchers have pointed out that the effect of these stem cell transplantations is derived not from cell replacement, which is the original purpose of stem cell transplantation, but mainly from the trophic effect brought about by transplanted stem cell secretions. Generally speaking, compared to exogenous stem cell transplantation, the enhancement of endogenous stem cells is expected to be less invasive. Previous reports showed that an enriched environment and running enhanced endogenous stem cell generation [6] and that trophic factors produced by these enhanced endogenous stem cells had a neuroprotective effect on these neurological disorders. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the gold standards of treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in current clinical pratice. Recent reports have showed that DBS can enhance endogenous stem cells in a PD model of rats [7]. Although phase 3 or 4 clinical trials with DBS for depression and obesity and epidural electrical stimulation for pain are currently ongoing, they are not being performed for regenerative medicine ( Based on this report, we examined whether electrical stimulation has therapeutic potential for CNS diseases by activating endogenous stem cells. Advertisement 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the role of stem cell transplantation, both exogenous and endogenous, in potentially treating degenerative diseases like neurological disorders. It highlights the neuroprotective effects of adult neural stem and progenitor cells, especially those modified to secrete neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, it mentions that enhancing endogenous stem cells can be less invasive and effective. The mention of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment that enhances endogenous stem cells for conditions like Parkinson’s disease supports the perspective that regenerative medicine has significant potential to impact the treatment of degenerative diseases.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Switching to renewable energy will instantly eliminate all energy-related pollution. [SEP] Text: Tanto el análisis Energético como de emisiones se ha realizado para todas las plantas elaboradas. El análisis Exergético y Económico se han llevado a cabo para aquellas plantas que revelan un mayor potencial, teniendo en cuenta los distintos requisitos del proyecto. Es apreciable que un desarrollo tecnológico sustancial es todavía necesario para que la tecnología GS se convierta en una realidad. Numerosas dificultades relacionadas con los materiales deben acometerse, por ejemplo, el óxido metálico empleado debe presentar suficiente estabilidad mecánica y durabilidad tras muchos ciclos de oxidación y reducción, alcanzando altas conversiones, evitando el escape de combustible en la etapa de reducción. Válvulas y filtros de alta temperatura deben estar disponibles, asegurando una operación estable de la turbina de gas. Más aún, las temperaturas del reactor deben de ser los más elevadas posibles para obtener eficiencias térmicas competitivas. Por lo tanto se hace énfasis en que esta Tesis constituye una evaluación ex ante de la tecnología GS para CAC, como una herramienta para predecir su potencial, bajo la suposición de que las barreras tecnológicas existentes se han superado. More information Item ID: 64632 DC Identifier: OAI Identifier: oai:oa. upm. es:64632 DOI: 10. 20868/UPM. thesis. 64632 Deposited by: UPM 2 Deposited on: 14 Oct 2020 06:54 Last Modified: 09 Oct 2024 09:41 Export citation Edit (repository staff only) repository About AD by. . . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that there are substantial technological developments needed for renewable energy technologies to effectively operate. It discusses various challenges related to materials and operational requirements that must be addressed, suggesting that the transition to renewable energy is not instantaneous and involves overcoming significant hurdles.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: results from complete genomes not represented in the Hungate collection were used in this study. search produced 20 rumen bacteria genomes, 12 Gram-positive and 8 Gram-negative species. Combined with the 428 bacterial genomes from the Hungate collection, this resulted in genomes from a total of 448 rumen bacteria species, 311 which were Gram-positive, 136 which were Gram-negative and 1 which was Gram stain variable (Additional file 1: Table S1). These were then analysed for genes involved in QS cell to cell communication. Prospecting genomes for quorum sensing-related proteinsEach of the genomes was re-annotated using (using default settings), which uses BLAST+ and Blastp to annotate, and for each genome, the resulting annotations of the predicted protein sequences were searched using semantic approaches [14]. To search for AHL-related genes, the following search terms were prospected: Quorum sensing, autoinducer, homoserine lactone, N-acyl homoserine, AHL synthase, and homoserine lactone efflux protein. To search for AI-2-related genes, the following search terms were prospected: Quorum sensing, autoinducer, -ribosylhomocysteine, S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (full chemical name for Lux S) and AI-2. Sequence alignment and generation of phylogenetic treesAll LuxS proteins identified from the rumen bacteria were aligned using Mega7 (v. 7. 0. 26) [15]. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with additional protein genes from Vibrio harveyi (Gram-negative) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram-positive), in which LuxS based on QS system have been well studied, alongside LuxS-based QS proteins previously identified from rumen microbial metagenomics and metatranscriptomic sequences [9], for comparative purposes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using neighbour-joining clustering method [16]. A bootstrap consensus tree was inferred from 1000 replicates, and branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Poisson correction method and are represented by in number of amino acid substitutions per site. The analysis involved 201 amino acid sequences. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There were a total of 191 positions in the final dataset. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses the analysis of rumen bacteria genomes and their quorum sensing capabilities. There is no mention of plants, communication among them, or any root networks, which makes the content unrelated to the claim about plant communication.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: Electrical stimulation for cerebral infarctionAfter the onset of cerebral infarction, more endgenous stem cells are produced in the SVZ and these endogenous stem cells migrate and differentiate into neurons in order to replace the area of infarction. Most of these newly produced endogenous stem cells cannot survive, however, and die within a few weeks [8]. That is why we expected that enhancing the survival of these newly produced endogenous stem cells or enhancing the production of endogenous stem cells by electrical stimulation could result in an improved neurorescue effect. The invasiveness of the electrical stimulation of the brain varies with the position of the electrode, e. g. , brain parenchyma, brain surface (subdural), epidural space, or skin. In the DBS for Parkinson’s disease, electrodes are inserted in deep brain areas such as the subthalamic nucleus. Although DBS is considered to be one of the gold standards of therapy for Parkinson’s disease, less invasive and more effective stimulation techniques are urgently required. Compared to the use of exogenous stem cells such as stem cell transplantation, the enhancement of endogenous stem cells is expected to be less invasive. We believe that continuous epidural stimulation is the best choice as it is less invasive and can be expected to produce a similar neuroprotective effect as DBS. To examine the neurorescue effect of electrical stimulation for cerebral infarction, we applied epidural electrical stimulation to an acute-stage cerebral infarction model of rats. To identify the best stimulation parameter, we stimulated the rats with different frequencies and intensities (see Table). We found that continous electrical stimulation with low frequency produced a better neurorescue effect compared to that with high frequency. Moreover, this low-frequency continous epidural electrical stimulation had a better neurorescue effect through an increase in trophic factors such as and VEGF (Fig. 1), suppressed inflamatory response (Fig. 2), enhanced angiogenesis (Fig. 2) and played anti-apoptotic effect with the upregulation of phosphorylated Akt (Fig. 3). LY294002 administration into the lateral ventricle suppressed the neurorescue effect of electrical stimulation (Fig. 4), which showed that this anti-apoptotic effect was exerted through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway [9]. Table 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how electrical stimulation can enhance the survival and production of endogenous stem cells in the context of cerebral infarction—a degenerative disease. It emphasizes a less invasive method of promoting neurorescue effects through endogenous stem cell enhancement as opposed to exogenous stem cell transplantation. This aligns well with the concept of regenerative medicine aiming to restore or replace lost functions, which supports the assertion that regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plant-based diets are associated with various health benefits, including lower risks of heart disease. [SEP] Text: [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 3. 4] [Analysis (0)] 240. . to Off vs High-in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2020;44:162-168. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 2. 3] [Analysis (0)] 241. . Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise for youth with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16:242-255. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 5. 7] [Analysis (0)] 242. . for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal. 2018;22:10-16. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 0. 8] [Analysis (0)] 243. . What are the health benefits of physical activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus? Diabetologia. 2012;55:542-551. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 23. 3] [Analysis (0)] 244. -án. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Endocrinol. 2017;5:377-390. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 72. 4] [Analysis (0)] 245. D, Tikkanen-Dolenc H, Groop PH. in the Prevention of Development and Progression of in Type 1 Diabetes. Rep. 2019;19:41. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 3. 6] [Analysis (0)] 246. Baevre H, Søvik O, Wisnes A, Heiervang E. Metabolic responses to physical training in young insulin-dependent diabetics. Invest. 1985;45:109-114. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 0. 3] [Analysis (0)] 247. -Krause J, Reischak-Oliveira A. Acute glycemic responses along 10-week high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes patients. Clin Pract. 2019;153:111-113. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This 1. 2] [Analysis (0)] 248. Association. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes. Diabetes Care. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and perspectives on diabetes management and physical activity without addressing the health benefits associated with plant-based diets or cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it does not provide any supportive or contrasting information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: LuxS synthase expression within a rumen bacterial metatranscriptomeTwenty publicly available metatranscriptomic datasets were taken from the for Archive, under the accession number SRA075938 [16]. The samples were 150 bp paired-end reads from the Illumina Hiseq2000 sequencer [16]. Fastq files were processed with multiqc [17], and reads were trimmed from 150 to 110 bp using the Trimmomatic software version 0. 36 [18]. Reads were aligned to the Hungate rumen genome dataset using bowtie2 version 2. 3. 0 [19] using the settings “--very-sensitive-local” which allowed soft trimming of the reads and a relaxed alignment and “-k 497”. The resulting SAM files were converted to BAM files using SAMtools version 1. 9 [20]. SAMtools version 1. 9 was used to filter all and the best alignment position for each read using the flag option “-F 260”. For each of the 20 final filtered BAM files FeatureCounts (from the subread package version 2. 0. 0) [21] was used to calculate the number of reads that align within the boundaries of every predicted gene in the Hungate genomes. The read counts were then converted into RPKM values. Finally, the RPKM values of the genes of interest in this study were extracted from the entire expression count table. ResultsQuorum sensing-related proteins with rumen bacterial genomesFor the purpose of analysis, two genera, Lachnobacterium and Micrococcus, which are often described as weakly Gram-positive or Gram-variable respectively were included with the Gram-positive bacteria group (Additional file 1: Table S1). Flavonifractor plautii, which is also a Gram-variable bacterium, but never referred to as being weakly Gram-positive or negative, was consequently not included in either group (Additional file 1: Table S1). Fifty percent of the genome sequences prospected for QS cell to cell signalling did not contain any protein annotated with LuxS or AHL signalling system, irrespective of their Gram staining phenotypes. Thus, any genomes which did not have LuxS or AHL signalling genes were presented as N/A (not applicable; Additional file 1: Table S1). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses methods related to metatranscriptomic analysis of rumen bacterial genomes and quorum sensing in bacteria, without any reference to plant communication or root networks.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: More importantly, electrophysiological reports have demonstrated that recently created neurons contribute to synaptic plasticity [23] and that LTP correlates with neural plasticity, compensating for ischemia-induced damage [24]. These findings support the hypothesis that enhancing neurogenesis may be useful in the restoration and repair of a damaged brain and emphasizes the importance of finding a more effective way to stimulate neurogenesis. As mentioned above, a number of reports are available that describe the relationship between neurogenesis and LTP but these mainly focus on neurogenesis-dependent changes in LTP [19, 21, 22]. Only a few reports have shown that LTP per se can enhance neurogenesis [25-27]. Neural activity was recently demonstrated to stimulate a large number of hippocampal latent precursors, including a self-renewing stem cell population that only becomes activated following depolarization [28]. Given a number of recent reports linking LTP and hippocampal neurogenesis, we examined whether LTP is able to enhance proliferation of the neural precursors and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. In this study, we stimulated the perforant pathway unilaterally with several stimulation protocols and analyzed hippocampal precursor numbers using both the neurosphere assay and BrdU immunostaining. In the neuropshere assay, we found that induction of late-LTP, but not early-LTP, was required to activate latent precursors in the mouse dentate gyrus and that neurosphere number was positively correlated with LTP magnitude (Fig. 5 & Fig. 6). In the BrdU immnostaining, proliferation and differentiation in the dentate gyrus was significantly enhanced in the only mice in which LTP was successfully induced. In contrast, protocols that failed to induce LTP, induced only early LTP; used low-frequency stimulation (LFS) or included a pharmacological blocker of LTP (CPP: (3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid), all failed to activate neurogenesis (Fig. 7). These findings demonstrate that LTP can activate latent neural precursor cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus, leading to increased neurogenesis [29]. Figure 5. LTP enhances proliferation of neural precursors. A neurosphere formation assay was performed 2 days after stimulation. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how findings related to long-term potentiation (LTP) and neurogenesis could be pivotal in restoring and repairing damaged brain tissue. It suggests that enhancing neurogenesis through LTP activation may provide therapeutic benefits, thus indicating that regenerative medicine approaches like stimulating neural regeneration could transform treatment strategies for degenerative diseases.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plant-based diets are associated with various health benefits, including lower risks of heart disease. [SEP] Text: Abstract Plant-based substitutes (PBS) are seen as a convenient way to transition to a more plant-based diet, but their potential health benefits and nutritional concerns remain debated. Based on a review of the literature, it is concluded here that the primary risk of insufficient nutrient intake with PBS concerns iron and calcium, which are critical to the nutritional value of PBS. Other risks were identified but these would depend on the characteristics of the overall diet, as is the case for iodine in a diet containing no seafood or dairy, and vitamin B12 in a vegetarian/vegan diet. Conversely, the use of PBS is also expected to confer some benefits for long-term health because it would result in higher fibre intakes (in the case of meat PBS) and lower SFA intakes (but higher PUFA/MUFA intakes), but attention should be paid to a potential increase in sodium intake with PBS of meat products. In fact, a recurring finding in this review was that PBS is a very heterogeneous food category involving considerable variations in ingredient and nutrient composition, and whose design could be improved in order to foster nutritional and health benefits. The latter also depend on the animal food that is being replaced and are only deemed likely when PBS replace red meat. The fortification of PBS with key nutrients such as iron and calcium may constitute an actionable public health solution to further shift the balance in favour of PBS in the context of the current dietary transition in western countries. Keywords MeatDairy productsDietary proteins12DietConference on ‘Nutrition at key stages of the lifecycle’ of the 10. 1017/S0029665123004767 [Opens in a new window] © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Press on behalf of higher income countries, there is growing interest in diets that might improve human and planetary health. There are also a growing number of people who are concerned by animal welfare. There is therefore a marked trend towards the adoption of diets that are more plant-based, which indeed cover a broad spectrum, ranging from those which are simply lower in meat, to a ‘flexitarian’ diet (with very occasional meat/fish consumption, similar to a semi-vegetarian diet), and vegetarian diets (which comprise lacto-ovo vegetarian and vegan diets)(Reference Dagnelie, Mariotti and Mariotti1). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that while plant-based substitutes (PBS) may confer some long-term health benefits, there are significant debates regarding their health advantages and nutritional concerns. It emphasizes the risks associated with insufficient nutrient intake, particularly iron and calcium, and notes that the benefits of PBS largely depend on what they replace in the diet, especially when replacing red meat. This suggests that the health benefits of plant-based diets are not universally accepted and rely heavily on the specific context of dietary choices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants can communicate with each other through a network of roots. [SEP] Text: When specific species names or strain ID could not be identified from Genbank genome entries, results were included with closely related genera or families in the Hungate collection (e. g. family: Crodiobacteriaceae, genus: Olsenella and family: Propionibacteriaceae, genus: Propionibacterium). This was also done when species had been re-classified with different names, e. g. Clostridium mangenotii and Eubacterium rectalis have been re-classified as Clostridioides mangenotii and Agathobacter rectalis respectively. LuxS proteins, which can produce/regulate AI-2 signal and the corresponding receptor protein LuxR, were highly represented in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species. A total of 171 LuxS proteins were identified in the genomes analysed, with 40. 2% and 33. 0% of LuxS proteins being found within Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species respectively (Fig. 1; Additional file 1: Table S1). A total of 21 LuxR proteins were also identified in the genomes analysed, with 4. 5% and 5. 1% of LuxR proteins being found within Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species respectively (Fig. 1; Additional file 1: Table S1). In contrast, only one species (Citrobacter sp. NLAE-zl-C269) appeared to have the AHL synthase gene among the Gram-negative bacteria list (Additional file 1: Table S1). Nonetheless, AHL efflux proteins were detected in six () Gram-negative bacterial genomes (4. 4%), with no AHL-related proteins being detected in Gram-positive bacteria as expected. Citrobacter sp. NLAE-zl-C269 also possessed luxS and LuxR genes, suggesting that this bacterium may use the AHL and AI-2 quorum sensing systems (Fig. 1; Additional file 1: Table S1). On further note, nine of the rumen bacterial genomes (Bacillus sp. MB2021, Blautia schinkii DSM 10518, Dorea longicatena AGR2136, Lachnospiraceae bacterium FE2018, Slackia heliotrinireducens, Oscillibacter sp. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses LuxS and LuxR proteins, quorum sensing systems in bacteria, and does not mention plants or any form of communication between them. Therefore, it does not provide any support or refutation regarding the claim that plants can communicate through root networks.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Regenerative medicine could revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. [SEP] Text: (b) Following LTP induction, the number of BrdU/DCX double-positive cells per perimeter length of the dentate gyrus (mm) was significantly enhanced in the stimulated hippocampus compared with the control hippocampus. BrdU/DCX-double labeling also revealed a significantly greater number of neurons in the stimulated hippocampi of the LTP(+) group compared with the stimulated hippocampi of the CPP and the LFS groups. (c) Representative maximum intensity projection image of BrdU (red) and DCX (green) immunostaining reconstructed from 40 optical sections of the LTP-stimulated hippocampus of the LTP(+) group. Inset shows a higher magnification. Scale bar: 50 mm in main image, 20 mm for inset. *p < 0. 05, **p < 0. 01. Abbreviations: C, control side; DCX, doublecortin; S, stimulated side. This figure was modified and/or reproduced from the original 4. ConclusionThe therapeutic benefit of electrical stimulation to neurological diseases was reviewed in terms of the enhancement of endogenous stem cells. Electrical stimulation was demonstrated to play a neuroprotective and/or neurorescue effect in the ischemia model of animals. For intact animals, LTP is most effective at activating hippocampal latent stem cells. Electrical stimulation should be considered a possible therapeutic method in the future, although further studies and ethical consensus are required before use in the clinical setting. Advertisement 1. . 2010Exercise exerts neuroprotective effects on Parkinson’s disease model of rats. Brain Research, 1310200207 2. . 2008Comparison of the therapeutic potential of adult and embryonic neural precursor cells in a rat model of Parkinson disease. J Neurosurg, 108, 1491593. 2008Embryonic neural stem cells transplanted in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rats demonstrated potent therapeutic effects, compared to adult neural stem cells. Brain Research, 1234, 1721824. 2007Adult neural stem and progenitor cells modified to secrete GDNF can protect, migrate and integrate after intracerebral transplantation in rats with transient forebrain ischemia. of Neuroscience, 26146214785. 2006The high integration and differentiation potential of autologous neural stem cell transplantation compared with allogeneic transplantation in adult rat hippocampus. Experimental Neurology, 199, 3113276. GageF. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the therapeutic benefits of electrical stimulation in enhancing endogenous stem cells, which suggests a potential application in regenerative medicine for neurological diseases. The mention of neuroprotective effects and neurorescue in ischemia models indicates that such methods could indeed revolutionize treatments for degenerative diseases. Further, it implies that the activation of latent stem cells in the hippocampus shows promise for future therapeutic strategies.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plant-based diets are associated with various health benefits, including lower risks of heart disease. [SEP] Text: This spectrum of diets thus involves a partial or total reduction in meat, fish and dairy products, associated with either a complete revision of the diet in favour of traditional plant-based food categories (grains, legumes, vegetables, nuts, seeds, etc. ) or the utilisation of plant-based food analogues that usually facilitate the direct substitution of animal food products. The two ways to adopt a plant-based diet also coexist; either that seen in traditional vegetarian populations, e. g. (Reference Haddad, Berk and Kettering2) or a second way whose popularity has been increasing, as indicated by a change to the foods offered to the general population(Reference Aschemann-Witzel, Gantriis and Fraga3). Plant-based substitutes (PBS) have indeed been developed for vegetarians(Reference Messina, Duncan and Glenn4). More recently, PBS have moved out the vegetarian market niche to enter the mainstream market and be proposed to a variety of consumers(Reference Boukid5). The market trend is surprisingly high, especially in countries with little tradition of vegetarianism and a food culture largely built on animal products, such as France. By contrast, in countries where vegetarianism has long been non-anecdotal, such as the UK, this trend is not new, and a wide variety of PBS are entering a growing market and becoming increasingly popular among consumers(and Grafenauer6,Reference Alae-Carew, Green and Stewart7). People concerned by animal welfare may find that the benefits of using PBS are trivial. The benefits regarding environmental impact have been discussed, and may depend on the production systems used for animal products and the ingredients and degree of processing of PBS, but overall it is considered that using PBS results in lower environmental pressures, and particularly lower greenhouse gas emissions, land use and water use(Reference Nijdam, Rood and Westhoek8–Reference Bryant11). By contrast, the benefits of PBS regarding nutrition and health have been and remain the subject of much debate. Recent studies have shed some light on the benefits and risks of PBS. Here, when for discussing the benefits and risks of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA), the review will first focus on the potential impact of PBS on nutritional status, based on the expected effects on nutrient displacement. Then the review will deal with essential nutrients whose requirements need to be covered and the nutrients with upper 12. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by mentioning that the benefits of plant-based substitutes (PBS) regarding nutrition and health have been and remain the subject of much debate. This indicates uncertainty about the health benefits associated with these diets, specifically their impact on nutritional status and requirements, which negates the assertion that plant-based diets are unequivocally beneficial for health.