Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing can completely prevent any species from becoming endangered. [SEP] Text: Gene editing based on theCas9 system can very efficiently target, inactivate and even delete from latently infected cells and limit the infection of new cells35,36,37,38,39,40,41. However, very little is known about the long-term inhibitory effects of this approach and especially whether and how resistance may develop. During aCas9 attack, the sequence is targeted by the gRNA and the proviral DNA is cleaved by the Cas9 endonuclease. Subsequently, the cellular error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) machinery will try to repair the DNA break and generate mutations at the cleavage site16. Insertions and deletions are hallmark of NHEJ action, but also nucleotide substitutions are generated. Two very recent publications have shown that the NHEJ repair machine may facilitate HIV escape42,43. They demonstrate that HIV can rapidly and consistently escape the inhibitory effect of a single gRNA basedCas9 attack. Sequencing of the viral escape variants revealed nucleotide insertions, deletions and substitutions around the Cas9 cleavage site that are typical for DNA repair by the NHEJ machinery. These observations questioned the feasibility of theCas9 system based gene-editing technology as an approach to combat HIV infections44,45. For this study, we have combined our knowledge on theCas9 system to edit viral genomes25 with our experience in HIV antiretroviral drug escape46,47,48 to investigate if HIV can overcome a (combinatorial)Cas9 approach. We generated several gRNAs targeting different regions of the viral genome and steps in the viral life cycle. In latently infected cells, we observed very efficient targeting and editing of the viral DNA, resulting in abrogation of HIV gene expression. We also demonstrated that these single gRNAs could suppress HIV infection, but were unable to prevent a viral breakthrough in T-cells. In general, during in vitro selection experiments using antiretroviral compounds or RNAi-based inhibitory approaches, a G-A nucleotide substitution is the most commonly observed escape mutation in the viral population49,50. This substitution is likely generated by the error-prone HIV-RT and cellular factors such as 3G51,52. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations and challenges associated with gene editing, particularly the Cas9 system, in effectively controlling HIV infections. It highlights that while gene editing can target and edit viral genomes efficiently, it cannot completely prevent viral breakthroughs in T-cells, demonstrating that gene editing does not guarantee complete prevention of issues, which suggests a parallel to the claim that it cannot ensure any species will be completely protected from endangerment.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Find out more personal profile panels this content Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend Email this content or copy the link directly: The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Link copied successfullyCopy link to 1. Will the day be bright or cloudy? 2. High waveing heather 'neath stormy blasts bending 3. Red breast early in the morning 4. There shines the moon, at noon of night 5. The night of storms has past 6. I saw thee child one summers day 7. O God of heaven! the dream of horror 8. Lord of Elbë, on Elbë hill 9. sat the summer day 10. The battle had passed from the height 11. A sudden chasm of ghastly light 12. Lines ("Far away is the land of rest") 13. church tower and Garden wall 14. Now trust a breast that trusts in you 15. Sleep brings no joy to me 16. The night is darkening around me 17. O mother I am not regreting 18. To a Wreath of snow 19. Lines ("I die but when the grave shall press") 20. Song by 21. Fall leaves fall die flowers away 22. Weaned from life and torn away 23. The wide cathedral Isles are lone 24. Why do I hate that lone green dell? 25. O wander not so far away! 26. Gleneden's Dream 27. Song to A A 28. Darkness was over Gondall every face 29. None of my kindred now can tell 30. 'Twas one of those dark cloudy days 31. 32. For him who struck thy foreign string 33. The evening sun was sinking down 34. Song by to G. S. ("Geraldine, the moon is shining") 35. Song by J. Brenzaida to G. S. ("I knew not 't was so dire a crime") 36. Where were ye all? and where wert thou 37. Light up thy halls! 'Tis closing day 38. O Dream, where art thou now? 39. Loud without the wind was roaring 40. A little while, a little while 41. How still, how happy! [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not discuss wall colors, mood changes, or any related psychological effects. Instead, it consists of various phrases and observations that do not pertain to the influence of color on mood.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Motor impairment and recovery in the upper limb after stroke: behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates. Stroke. 2005;36:625-9. Kwakkel G, Veerbeek JM, van. Constraint-induced movement therapy after stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:224-34. . Stroke patients' and therapists' opinions of constraint-induced movement therapy. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16:55-60. Sterr A, O’. CI therapy is beneficial to patients with chronic low-functioning hemiparesis after stroke. Front Neurol. 2014;5:204. Cameirão. Coaching or gaming? Implications of strategy choice for home based stroke rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016;13:18. Perez- Increasing upper limb training intensity in chronic stroke using embodied virtual reality: a pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017;14:119. . Virtual reality in neurorehabilitation. Repair Rehabil. 2006;51:182-97. . Virtual reality clinical research: promises and challenges. J. M. I. R. Serious Games. 2018;6:e10839. . Research on presence in virtual reality: A survey. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2001;4:183-201. . Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet. 2011;377:1693-702. . Virtual reality in neuroscience research and therapy. Neurosci. 2011;12:752-62. Burridge JH, Hughes A-M. Potential for new technologies in clinical practice. Neurol. 2010;23:671-7. . Towards an immersive virtual reality game for smarter post-stroke rehabilitation I. E. E. E. on () Vol. 2018. 2018a. . On shooting stars: comparing cave and hmd immersive virtual reality exergaming for adults with mixed ability. . 2020;1:1-22. . Project star catcher: A novel immersive virtual reality experience for upper limb rehabilitation. A. C. M. Comput. 2018b;11:1-25. -Ivens SM, et al. Observation of amounts of movement practice provided during stroke rehabilitation. Med Rehabil. 2009;90:1692-8. der Loos HF. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by referencing multiple studies on virtual reality and its application in rehabilitation contexts, particularly in stroke recovery. For instance, the mention of the study titled 'Increasing upper limb training intensity in chronic stroke using embodied virtual reality: a pilot study' indicates practical research on the use of virtual reality for improving upper limb function, which is directly related to helping patients regain mobility through guided exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Gene editing can completely prevent any species from becoming endangered. [SEP] Text: The potency of some of our single gRNAs (MA3, PR2, IN5) is reflected by the observation that the viral escape population is almost completely dominated by mutant viruses and hardly any wildtype HIV is observed. Likewise, in the early days of antiretroviral therapy using single RT-inhibitors, the strong inhibitory potential of lamivudine (3TC) was reflected by the very fast appearance of mutant viruses that dominated the viral population53,54. As well as with HIV therapy, the combinatorial use of multiple gRNAs proved essential to prevent the generation and selection of resistance. We showed that a combination of two potent gRNAs completely abrogated viral replication, which could not be rescued during several months of continuous selection. For this study, we have only investigated combinations of gRNAs targeting different regions of the viral genome and different steps in the viral lifecycle. It would be interesting to investigate if a combination of two potent inhibitors targeting the same step in the viral lifecycle, would provide the same protection against viral breakthrough. It would also be interesting to investigate if this editing strategy would prevent viral escape in ex vivo and/or in vivo models. We have shown that non-optimal combinations of gRNAs, consisting of a potent and a less-potent gRNA can only partly control HIV infection, ultimately resulting in a viral breakthrough. Like with cART, where the cART regimen is adapted based on a high baseline viral load, gRNA combinations may have to be customized based on the size and genetic constitution of the viral population that needs to be controlled. Taken together, our data shows that the accelerating effect ofCas9 genome-engineering on viral escape can be overcome and as such gene-editing may provide a future alternative for control of HIV-infection. Experimental ProceduresCell cultureHuman embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line 293 T55, human T lymphoblast cell line SupT156, J. 15. 4 (J. Lat FL cells; Jurkat cells containing near full length HIV-1 (without env and nef)) were obtained from the of. HEK-293T cells were maintained in DMEM (Lonza), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)(Sigma-Aldrich) and 10 μg/ml gentamicin (Invitrogen). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of gene editing in the context of viral infections. It emphasizes that while gene editing has the potential to control viral populations, it does not guarantee complete prevention of viral escape or breakthrough infections. The mention of non-optimal gRNA combinations resulting in partial control suggests that similar limitations may apply to the concept of preventing a species from becoming endangered, thus indicating that gene editing alone may not completely prevent species from facing extinction.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: those are words 42. The bluebell is the sweetest flower 43. The night was Dark yet winter breathed 44. What winter floods what showers of Spring 45. From our evening fireside now 46. Song ("left the south country") 47. Lines ("The soft unclouded blue of air") 48. To the bluebell— 49. I am the only being whose doom 50. are opening 51. Lines by Claudia ("I did not sleep 'twas noon of day") 52. I know not how it falls on me 53. Written on returning to the P. of I. on the 10th of January 1827— 54. Month after month year after year 55. A Farewell to Alexandria— 56. And now the housedog streched once more 57. Come hither child—who gifted thee 58. Shed no tears o'er that tomb 59. Mild the mist upon the hill 60. How long will you remain the midnight hour 61. "The starry night shall tidings bring" 62. Fair sinks the summer evening now 63. Alcona in its changing mood 64. The organ swells the trumpets sound 65. Song ("O between distress and pleasure") 66. The wind I hear it sighing 67. There was a time when my cheek burned 68. Stanzas to — ("Well, some may hate and some may scorn") 69. The wind was rough which tore 70. That wind I used to hear it swelling 71. Heavens glory shone where he was laid 72. Written in the Gaaldine prison caves To A. G. A. 73. Far, far away is mirth withdrawn 74. It is too late to call thee now 75. Stanzas ("I'll not weep that thou art going to leave me") 76. At such a time, in such a spot 77. If greif for greif can touch thee 78. Tis moon light summer moonlight 79. The night wind 80. Companions all day long we've stood 81. A. G. A. of 82. And like myself lone wholey lone 83. Stoic 84. no more inspire thee 85. Aye there it is! It wakes to night 86. I see around me tombstones grey 87. Geraldine 88. Rosina 89. I do not weep, I would not weep 90. In the same place, when Nature wore 91. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly or provide any relevant information related to the impact of wall colors on mood. It consists of poetic lines that seem unrelated to the claim about color and mood.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Virtual reality therapy for adults post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring virtual environments and commercial games in therapy. . 2014;9:e93318. Schröder Combining the benefits of tele-rehabilitation and virtual reality-based balance training: a systematic review on feasibility and effectiveness. Assist Technol. 2019;14:2-11. In-home delivery of constraint-induced movement therapy via virtual reality gaming. J Res Rev. 2018;5:6-17. ñeda learned non-use in chronic stroke patients with reinforcement-induced movement therapy. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016;13:74. . Enhanced visual feedback using immersive VR affects decision making regarding hand use with a simulated impaired limb. Neurosci. 2021;15:677578. . The Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke: a critical review of its measurement properties. Repair. 2002;16:232-40. . Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. Phys Ther. 1983;63:1606-10. . Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for testing motor performance in patients following stroke. Phys Ther. 1993;73:447-54. Moore JW. What is the sense of agency and why does it matter? Front Psychol. 2016;7:1272. . ADL index: a reliability study. Stud. 1988;10:61-3. . Improving the sensitivity of the Barthel index for stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42:703-9. Dávalos. Neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke: potential predictors and associated factors in the European cooperative acute stroke study (ECASS) I. Stroke. 1999;30:2631-6. -Leydier K, et al. Virtual reality intervention to help improve motor function in patients undergoing rehabilitation for cerebral palsy, parkinson’s disease, or stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cureus. 2021;13:e16763. Aşkın A, Atar E, Koçyiğit H, Tosun A. Effects of Kinect-based virtual reality game training on upper extremity motor recovery in chronic stroke. Res. 2018;35:25-32. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing multiple studies and systematic reviews that detail the use of virtual reality therapy in rehabilitating patients after stroke and other conditions. It emphasizes that virtual reality can assist in improving motor function, which directly supports the idea that virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic conservation is now the most effective and only necessary method of species preservation. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/intechopen. 86060 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechDiversity in Characterization and by Mohamed A. El-the in - Characterization and by Mohamed A. El-purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. Genetic diversity and its assessment Genetic diversity is the raw material that helps plant species face a wide range of daily global changes [1, 2]. It also represents the number of alternations in the genetic makeup of populations and species, which take place under various evolutionary mechanisms such as genetic drift that involves random matings of individuals within the same population, changing their allele frequencies, and founder effect that causes individuals with new genetic information leading to a new population developed from a larger one [1, 2, 3]. Genetic composition of individuals varies from one population to another due to systematic differences that emerge among individuals from different places promoting their survival and reproduction. Genetic diversity becomes more potent and quick when gene flow among populations is little such as restricted dispersal of seeds or pollens [2, 3]. Plant breeders are able to develop large amount of new productive crops that are of improved tolerance to a variety of diseases and pests as well as its enhanced ability to stand against a changing world. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding genetic conservation as the most effective and only necessary method of species preservation. Instead, it discusses topics such as open access to scientific research, the importance of genetic diversity in plants, and various mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation. It does not address or provide any support or contrast to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: Had there been falshood in my breast 92. Written in Aspin Castle— 93. Self-Interrogation 94. On the fall of Zalona 95. 96. To A. S. 1830 ("Where beams the sun the brightest") 97. are asleep 98. In the earth, the earth shalt thou be laid 99. Hope 100. Lie down and rest—the fight is done 101. T'was yesterday at early dawn 102. The day is done—the winter sun 103. 104. This summer wind, with thee and me 105. A 106. How few, of all the hearts that loved 107. Song ("The linnet in the rocky dells") 108. 109. Come, the wind may never again 110. Plead for Me 111. Faith and Despondency 112. From a in the Southern College— 113. Honour's Martyr 114. A Death-Scene 115. 116. Remembrance 117. Death 118. Stars 119. A thousand sounds of happiness 120a. Heavy hangs the raindrop 120b. Child of Delight! with sunbright hair 121. Anticipation 122. I know that tonight, the wind is sighing 123. Silent is the House—all are laid asleep 124. The Prisoner: A Fragment 125. No coward soul is mine 126. Why ask to know the date—the clime? 127. Why ask to know what date what clime Close sectionand Fragments 128. Love is like the wild rose briar 129. Sympathy 130. "Thou standest in the green-wood now" 131. Come, walk with me 132. Sleep not dream not this bright day 133. Alas that she 134. Deep deep down in the silent grave 135. Here with my knee upon thy stone 136. O come again what chains withhold 137. Was it with the feilds of green 138. How loud the Storm sounds round the Hall! 139. What use is it to slumber here 140. O evening why is thy light so sad? 141. Its over now Ive known it all 142. O Hinder me by no delay 143. I'll come when thou art sadest 144. I would have touched the heavnly key 145. It was night and on the mountains 146. Yes holy be thy resting place 147. Lonly at her window sitting 148. There are two trees in a lonely feild 149. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided does not address the claim in any direct way. It seems to consist of poetry or lyrical writing that discusses various themes but lacks any reference to wall colors or their impact on mood. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation in subacute and chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Med Rehabil. 2018;99:834-42. e4. Exercises for paretic upper limb after stroke: a combined virtual-reality and telemedicine approach. J Rehabil Med. 2009;41:1016-102. . Effects of virtual reality technique in rehabilitation of hemiplegic upper extremities function in stroke patients. Rehabil Med. 2019;34:1049-53. Poststroke shoulder pain: its relationship to motor impairment, activity limitation, and quality of life. Med Rehabil. 2007;88:298-301. Virtual reality therapy for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Brain Inj. 2020;34:456-65. Baeza-Barragán, M. R. , Manzanares, M. T. L. , Vergara, C. R. , Casuso-Holgado, M. J. , & Martín-Valero, R. The use of virtual reality technologies in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: systematic review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8:12:e21576. . Virtual reality therapy: an effective treatment for psychological disorders. Virtual environments in clinical psychology and neuroscience. Adv Patient-Therapist Interact. 1998;58:112. Demarin V, Morović S. Neuroplasticity. Period Biol. 2014;116:209-11. . Leap motion-based virtual reality training for improving motor functional recovery of upper limbs and neural reorganization in subacute stroke patients. Res. 2017;12:1823-31. ßmus Virtual reality training for upper extremity in subacute stroke (): a multicenter RCT. Neurology. 2017;89:2413-21. ş GK. Effectiveness of Wii-based rehabilitation in stroke: a randomized controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50:406-12. Mayo NE, Korner-Bitensky NA, Becker R. Recovery time of independent function post-stroke. Rehabil. 1991;70:5-12. Virtual activities of daily living for recovery of upper extremity motor function. I. E. E. E. Eng. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing multiple studies and trials that highlight the use of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation, particularly for patients recovering from stroke. The mentions of terms like 'upper limb rehabilitation,' 'exercises,' and 'functional recovery' directly support the assertion that virtual reality aids in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic conservation is now the most effective and only necessary method of species preservation. [SEP] Text: This depends on the volume and range of genetic variation among individuals within the same species, which allows for designing sampling programs [2, 4, 5, 6]. Accordingly, geneticists have focused on evaluating genetic differences within populations using morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular markers to identify the characteristics of domestication, propagation, and breeding techniques as well as conservation of plant genetic materials [2]. This work addresses various approaches related to genetic diversity in plants. Advertisement 2. Biochemical markers 2. 1. Storage proteins One important output of post-transcription and translation processes is the protein, which represents the genetic DNA as well as the structural and enzymatic material of an organism’s cells [2]. Genetic divergence is found to have impacts on proteins. For example, seed proteins that are of essential roles in species are tolerant to environmental occurrences. Recent approaches have employed several technologies to identify the characteristics of various plant cultivars and genotypes [2]. One quickly and precisely technology utilized for such purpose is electrophoresis. The genetic divergence was assessed within Lathyrus sativus through accurate electrophoretic analysis of its seed storage proteins [2, 7], suggesting its fundamental role in evaluating the relationship between taxonomy and genetics at and below the species level [2]. 2. 2. Isozyme markers Isozymes, also called isoenzymes, are proteins exhibiting same catalytic and quantitative function as the enzyme but, meanwhile, they differ in their molecular forms [2]. Various alleles within a single locus are encoded by structural genes to give the allozyme, an allelic variant of the enzyme. Biological analysis of isozymes reveals significant importance, including the assessment of genetic divergence as well as phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships [2]. It also helps to investigate population genetics and developmental biology as well as to conserve the genetic resources of plants [8, 9]. Advertisement 3. Molecular markers Molecular markers such as restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), microsatellites (SSRs), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are considered as effective and efficient tools for evaluating the genetic divergence within and among plant species [10]. 3. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the importance of genetic variation among individuals within the same species for effective species preservation. It highlights various approaches like evaluating genetic differences using several techniques (morphological, cytological, biochemical, and molecular markers) rather than implying that genetic conservation is the sole method. The emphasis on multiple techniques for assessing genetic divergence suggests that alternative methods also play a significant role in conservation efforts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: And the wind swept past her hopeless ear 150. What is that smoke that ever still 151. Still as she looked the iron clouds 152. Away away resign me now 153. It will not shine again 154. None but one beheld him dying 155. Coldly bleakly drearily 156. of Time ruined lonly now 157. Cold clear and blue the morning heaven 158. Tell me tell me smileing child 159. The inspiring musics thrilling sound 160. stand thought I have borne 161. I paused on the threshold I turned to the sky 162. O come with me thus ran the song 163. Woods you need not frown on me 164. How golden bright from earth and heaven 165. Not a vapour had stained the breezless blue 166. Only some spires of bright green grass 167. The sun has set and the long grass now 168. Lady in your palace Hall 169. And first an hour of mournful museing 170. Wind sink to rest in the heather 171. Long neglect has worn away 172. Awaking morning laughs from heaven 173. Her sisters and her brothers feet 174. O Harold while the darkness falls 175. Tis evening now the sun descends 176. We wander on we have no rest 177. is it 178. There let thy bleeding branch atone 179. Upon her aching breast 180. I gazed within thine ernest eyes 181. All hushed and still within the house 182. Iernës eyes were glazed and dim 183. When days of Beauty deck the earth 184. Still beside that dreary water 185. There swept adown that dreary glen 186. In dungeons dark I cannot sing 187. I'm happiest when most away 188. Methinks this heart should rest awhile 189. That dreary lake that midnight sky 190. His land may burst the galling chain 191. It is not pride it is not shame 192. She dried her tears and they did smile 193. But the hearts that once adored me 194. Start not upon the minster wall 195. My heart is not enrapturd now 196. What woke it then? a little child 197. I heard it then you heard it too 198. Through the doors of yester night 199. Harp of wild and dream like Strain 200. All day I've toiled but not with pain 201. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not address the topic of wall colors or their impact on a person's mood. Instead, it appears to be a poetic or descriptive passage focused on imagery and emotions that do not relate directly to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: 2018;26:252-60. . What do randomized controlled trials say about virtual rehabilitation in stroke? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of upper-limb and cognitive outcomes. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2018;15:29. Does the use of SportsTM improve arm function? Trial of WiiTM in stroke: a randomized controlled trial and economics analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31:173-85. Mechanism of Kinect-based virtual reality training for motor functional recovery of upper limbs after subacute stroke. Res. 2013;8:2904-13. Exergaming for stroke rehabilitation: lessons learned for future implementation strategies. 2019 on (ICVR). 2019. . Understanding momentary relationships of somatic and mood symptoms with social interactions among persons with stroke. Med Rehabil. 2020;101:e63. . Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019;16:56. . A motor learning model for stroke rehabilitation. Physiotherapy. 1989;75:372-80. Horak F. Contemporary management of motor control problems. In: Proceedings of the II step conference. Fredericksberg: Foundation for physical therapy. 1991. p. 11-28. Palma GC d. S. , Effects of virtual reality for stroke individuals based on the international classification of functioning and health: a systematic review. Rehabil. 2017;24:269-78. Fitts PM. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol. 1954;47:381-91. . Motor learning after recovery from hemiparesis. Neuropsychologia. 1994;32:1209-23. . Apathy following stroke. Psychiatry. 2010;55:350-4. Virtual reality games for rehabilitation of upper extremities in stroke patients. J Ther. 2021;26:113-22. Virtual reality-enhanced stroke rehabilitation. I. E. E. E. Eng. 2001;9:308-18. Longo MR, Haggard P. Sense of agency primes manual motor responses. Perception. 2009;38:69-78. üri RM, et al. The role of sleep in recovery following ischemic stroke: a review of human and animal data. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by referencing multiple studies and systematic reviews that highlight the positive outcomes of using virtual reality in rehabilitation, particularly for stroke patients. For example, it mentions 'mechanism of Kinect-based virtual reality training for motor functional recovery of upper limbs after subacute stroke,' suggesting that VR is utilized to enhance mobility through guided exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can replace the need for any external health devices or doctors’ visits. [SEP] Text: It should be emphasized that pathological diagnosis depends upon many factors, not only on the pathologist's knowledge and experience, but also on preanalytical factors starting from clinician's experience in bronchoscopy, their ability to obtain a representative cytological material in sufficient quantity and quality, thorough receiving and preparing this material in pathology laboratory until the submission of cytopathology slides for interpretation. Accurately determining lung cancer subtype based only on morphological findings can be difficult due to the anaplasia of lung cancer cells. Due to the therapeutic progress in the lung cancer field and advancement in the understanding of molecular mechanism of lung cancer, pathological diagnosis has increasingly more significant consequences for clinicians. The first step is distinguishing between NSCLC and SCLC. However, nowadays this classification into NSCLC and SCLC is not adequate for management. The second important step is subclassifying NSCLC, especially into SCC and AC. It can be simply made on cytological smears in well differentiated tumors when the characteristic cytomorphologic features are present, but may be a real challenge in poorly differentiated tumors. Unfortunately, most of lung cancer cells are poorly differentiated. [221] In our study we had been able to subclassify NSCLC into AC and SCC based on cytological smears alone as 32. 52% of AC and 60. 04% of SCC. According to different researchers, the diagnosis of AC or SCC could be determined in 50%–70% of patients based only on cytological specimens,[212223] however Rekhtman et al. [24] subtyped approximately 93% lung cancer cases into SCC and AC using morphologic criteria alone. If necessary, preferably CB should be used as an adjuvant method to determine the correct diagnosis. CB can facilitate observation of the tumor cell structure in the resected specimens, is helpful for preserving cytological material, and allows for genetic testing and prognostic assessment via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). [2125262728] In doubtful cases ancillary studies, especially ICC stains, may be essential for the subclassification. However, sometimes it may be impossible to accurately subclassify poorly differentiated NSCLC without ICC. Dong et al. [21] showed that after the CBs had been assessed, the rate of positive diagnosis increased from 79. 28% to 84. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing that pathological diagnosis relies on various factors related to clinician expertise, material quality, and additional microscopic techniques, rather than solely on external devices like smart fabrics. The description of necessary diagnostic processes indicates that while smart fabrics may assist in monitoring, they cannot completely substitute for the expertise and comprehensive evaluation required in medical contexts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: Stanzas ("Often rebuked, yet always back returning") (eds), of Emily Brontë ContentsClose section DedicationPrefaceAbbreviations and SymbolsIntroductionClose sectionThe PoemsClose sectionand Fragments1. Will the day be bright or cloudy? 2. High waveing heather 'neath stormy blasts bending3. Red breast early in the morning4. There shines the moon, at noon of night5. The night of storms has past6. I saw thee child one summers day7. O God of heaven! the dream of horror8. Lord of Elbë, on Elbë hill9. sat the summer day10. The battle had passed from the height11. A sudden chasm of ghastly light12. Lines ("Far away is the land of rest")13. church tower and Garden wall14. Now trust a breast that trusts in you15. Sleep brings no joy to me16. The night is darkening around me17. O mother I am not regreting18. To a Wreath of snow19. Lines ("I die but when the grave shall press")20. Song by Julius Angora21. Fall leaves fall die flowers away22. Weaned from life and torn away23. The wide cathedral Isles are lone24. Why do I hate that lone green dell? 25. O wander not so far away! 26. Gleneden's Dream27. Song to A A28. Darkness was over Gondall every face29. None of my kindred now can tell30. 'Twas one of those dark cloudy days31. Dougleses Ride32. For him who struck thy foreign string33. The evening sun was sinking down34. Song by to G. S. ("Geraldine, the moon is shining")35. Song by J. Brenzaida to G. S. ("I knew not 't was so dire a crime")36. Where were ye all? and where wert thou37. Light up thy halls! 'Tis closing day38. O Dream, where art thou now? 39. Loud without the wind was roaring40. A little while, a little while41. How still, how happy! those are words42. The bluebell is the sweetest flower43. The night was Dark yet winter breathed44. What winter floods what showers of Spring45. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about the effect of changing wall colors on a person's mood. Instead, it contains a collection of lines and fragments related to poetry and imagery, with no clear relation to mood alteration or color psychology.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Result of results found for within Back to results 76033536 Export as PDF Home-based virtual reality for help with symptoms of multiple sclerosis Share on on on Submission date 02/02/2022 Registration date 04/02/2022 Last edited 06/02/2024 Recruitment status No longer recruiting Overall study status category registered analysis plan participant data and study aimsMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord. People with (MS often struggle as much with “hidden symptoms” of MS as with more “visible” symptoms (e. g. difficulty walking; speech difficulties). HSMS include fatigue, pain, depression, poor sleep and anxiety. Treating HSMS can be challenging. Medicines can help mood and pain, but may worsen fatigue and have side effects. Non-drug treatments including relaxation, mindfulness and exercise may be helpful but can be difficult for patients to access. There is a need for new effective strategies to help patients manage their symptoms which are engaging, effective, acceptable and accessible. Virtual reality (VR) provides an immersive escape into new environments and experiences which would not otherwise be accessible. This can help to relax and distract from unpleasant symptoms. This is an initial feasibility study to explore the home use of VR for symptom management by people with MS. Who can participate? Patients aged 18 years or over with progressive MS and at least one hidden symptom of MSWhat does the study involve? Participants are randomly divided into two groups of five. The first group will be provided with a simple VR headset at home. They can use it to try activities like swimming with dolphins, watching the sunrise at the beach or guided meditation and mindfulness. The second group will be provided with access to pre-recorded audio-guided meditation and relaxation sessions. Both groups will use the equipment at least three times per week for 6 weeks. Participants will be asked about their symptoms before the study starts, halfway through, at the end of 6 weeks and 1 month after the study to look for longer-lasting effects. The researchers will look at how the study was delivered, how easy it was to recruit participants, and how many dropped out. They will ask participants about their experiences and how the study could be improved. They will use their findings to design a larger trial to study the effects of VR on HSMS. What are the possible benefits and risks of participating? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing the use of virtual reality (VR) as a treatment strategy for patients with multiple sclerosis, focusing on symptom management and engaging activities like guided meditation and relaxation. While it does not explicitly mention regaining mobility, it emphasizes that VR can provide stimulating and immersive experiences that may assist patients in managing symptoms associated with their condition.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can replace the need for any external health devices or doctors’ visits. [SEP] Text: AI replace doctors’ ‘gut instincts’? Published on December 20, 2023 Doctors’ intuition plays a key role in healthcare, even when computers suggest another treatment approach. But with AI advancing, is that all about to change? Use + rapid advances in the field, AI won’t supplant human healthcare workers in 2024. : Pexels: to use -Edquist DOI 10. 54377/02d2-eea4 Doctors’ intuition plays a key role in healthcare, even when computers suggest another treatment approach. But with AI advancing, is that all about to change? The value of healthcare workers’ intuition in effective clinical care has been verified by reports around the world again and again. From doctors’ ability to spot sepsis in critically ill children, to ‘nurse worry‘ as a ‘vital sign’ predictive of patient deterioration, to helping GPs navigate complex patient care — intuition appears to play a large role in supporting high risk patients — even when data or computer outputs suggest another treatment approach. (AI) has already begun to transform healthcare, and the health sector will only continue to consider AI innovations in 2024 and beyond. In this increasingly technological world, questions swirl on what is the role of these human hunches in healthcare practice and whether AI is about to overtake doctors’ ‘gut feelings’ entirely. What is AI in healthcare and when is it used? Davenport from and Deloitte consultant explain elsewhere, AI healthcare includes ‘rule-based expert systems’, which use prescribed knowledge-based rules to solve a problem, and ‘robotic process automation’, which uses automation technologies to mimic some tasks of human workers. Such technology can help with automated patient monitoring, where alerts are signalled once a rule criterion is met, patient scheduling reminders and medicine management. Other forms of AI used in healthcare include robots, natural language processing and machine learning. Robots can help move and stock medical supplies, lift and reposition patients and assist surgeons. hospital has launched a €7 billion project, set to be completed in 2028, which will engage robots to collect patient data typically reliant on human physical touch: from measuring pulse, to taking temperature and calculating oxygen saturation. The release of ChatGPT in 2023 marked a leap forward for AI in popular consciousness. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the significant role of doctors' intuition and the limitations of AI in completely replacing human healthcare workers. It emphasizes that while AI has begun to transform healthcare, it does not suggest that smart fabrics or similar technologies can entirely replace the need for human professionals or external health monitoring. The text highlights the importance of human intuition in effective clinical care, underscoring that even advanced AI tools will not supplant the need for healthcare workers in patient management.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: From our evening fireside now46. Song ("left the south country")47. Lines ("The soft unclouded blue of air")48. To the bluebell—49. I am the only being whose doom50. are opening51. Lines by Claudia ("I did not sleep 'twas noon of day")52. I know not how it falls on me53. Written on returning to the P. of I. on the 10th of January 1827—54. Month after month year after year55. A Farewell to Alexandria—56. And now the housedog streched once more57. Come hither child—who gifted thee58. Shed no tears o'er that tomb59. Mild the mist upon the hill60. How long will you remain the midnight hour61. "The starry night shall tidings bring"62. Fair sinks the summer evening now63. Alcona in its changing mood64. The organ swells the trumpets sound65. Song ("O between distress and pleasure")66. The wind I hear it sighing67. There was a time when my cheek burned68. Stanzas to — ("Well, some may hate and some may scorn")69. The wind was rough which tore70. That wind I used to hear it swelling71. Heavens glory shone where he was laid72. Written in the Gaaldine prison caves To A. G. A. 73. Far, far away is mirth withdrawn74. It is too late to call thee now75. Stanzas ("I'll not weep that thou art going to leave me")76. At such a time, in such a spot77. If greif for greif can touch thee78. Tis moon light summer moonlight79. The night wind80. Companions all day long we've stood81. A. G. A. of82. And like myself lone wholey lone83. Stoic84. no more inspire thee85. Aye there it is! It wakes to night86. I see around me tombstones grey87. Geraldine88. Rosina89. I do not weep, I would not weep90. In the same place, when Nature wore91. Had there been falshood in my breast92. Written in Aspin Castle—93. Self-Interrogation94. On the fall of Zalona95. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding the relationship between wall colors and a person's mood. It consists of abstract poetry and imagery that does not mention wall colors or mood changes directly.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: uk), REC ref: 21/LO/0353 Study design Randomized; Interventional; Design type: Treatment, Education or Self-Management, Psychological & Behavioural, Rehabilitation, study design study design Randomised controlled trial Study setting(s) type information sheet Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet sclerosis Intervention Randomization: simple randomization via an online systemIntervention:5 participants will attend a brief training and education session to become familiarised with the VR headset and its use (facilitated remotely if required). They will be provided with their own headset which is pre-loaded with an 8-week programme, consisting of 56 modules designed to support people with chronic pain with 56 different VR experiences to educate, relax, distract and empower them (EaseVRx). AppliedVR’s headset has been specifically designed to be user-friendly, lightweight and to be used by people with restricted mobility, which is particularly appealing for our patient population. On average, the VR experiences last for 7 minutes (range 2-15 minutes). The 8-week programme is designed to be worked through sequentially, with weekly themes including “” (week 2); “Relaxation” (week 4) and “Journey to Wellness” (week 8). It is designed for one session to be delivered each day, and once one session has completed, the next session automatically appears for the user. On-demand content is also available if the user wishes to have extra sessions. It is anticipated that the different experiences may be attractive to different individuals and will explore this in our qualitative work. Once participants (with carers if required) are confident and comfortable using the headset, they will be asked to use it at home on a daily basis (no upper limit on use) and to record when they used it. If they choose to use extra “on-demand” experiences, the researchers will ask them to record which experience they chose each time. After 8 weeks, the headset will be returned to the investigators. Control:5 participants will attend a training and education session led by a in relaxation techniques (facilitated remotely if required). They will be provided with an MP3 player containing 40 pre-recorded audio relaxation guides, around 10 minutes duration each. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim that virtual reality (VR) is used in physical therapy by describing a structured program where participants with chronic pain are engaged in VR experiences designed to educate, relax, and empower them. Specifically, the program is tailored to support individuals with restricted mobility, indicating that VR can indeed be beneficial in physical therapy contexts as part of guided rehabilitation exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can replace the need for any external health devices or doctors’ visits. [SEP] Text: This type of AI, which requires training on large data sets (supported by human feedback), focuses on giving computers the ability to read, support and manipulate human language. Such natural language processing has changed the communication landscape with its language mimicry. While some note that the hype hasn’t quite been reflected in reality, professionals in a range of sectors — including healthcare — now use ChatGPT for correspondence, such as with drafting “sick notes”, medication management, or to manage healthcare information. There are predictions that healthcare Processing will be a $USD7. 2 billion business by 2028, with this type of AI being deployed to help translate complex published papers for public consumption, for analysis of electronic health records to help identify at-risk patients, and to interact with patients to help with triage or answer healthcare questions. In 2024, some say this type of AI is likely to focus on more sophisticated language models that power chatbots and virtual assistants, and will be built into word processing programs. gives computers the ability to learn without explicitly being programmed for a given task. The algorithms driving these types of AI are based on statistical and predictive models. often relies on ‘training’ from existing data sets, which have been human reviewed and annotated. Essentially, doesn’t automatically know what to look for, and without human-informed training this type of AI tends to provide lots of noise and useless predictions. Once trained, can take previously unseen patient information and apply its prior ‘training’ to analyse the data and predict outcomes, or make recommendations. In healthcare, can recognise patterns which may be missed by humans such as described for AI’s role in patient survival of gastric cancer, identification of primary causes of cancers, and reducing breast cancer false positives. In 2024, algorithms are likely to continue to be used for probing healthcare data analytics, with vast medical data provided by wearables, medical devices and electronic health records. With all forms of healthcare AI — it is clear that humans are still needed for AI training, evaluation of outputs, and considering the impacts of the AI recommendation. Artificial versus human intelligence: Who has the edge? Given the global healthcare workforce shortages, the proverb may be true: Necessity breeds invention. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing the continued need for human involvement in healthcare AI. It discusses how AI, although useful, requires human training and evaluation, asserting that 'humans are still needed for AI training, evaluation of outputs, and considering the impacts of the AI recommendation.' This directly implies that AI and smart technologies, such as smart fabrics, cannot completely replace medical professionals, making the claim inaccurate.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: She Shines96. To A. S. 1830 ("Where beams the sun the brightest")97. are asleep98. In the earth, the earth shalt thou be laid99. Hope100. Lie down and rest—the fight is done101. T'was yesterday at early dawn102. The day is done—the winter sun103. My Comforter104. This summer wind, with thee and me105. A Day Dream106. How few, of all the hearts that loved107. Song ("The linnet in the rocky dells")108. To Imagination109. Come, the wind may never again110. Plead for Me111. Faith and Despondency112. From a in the Southern College—113. Honour's Martyr114. A Death-Scene115. The Philosopher116. Remembrance117. Death118. Stars119. A thousand sounds of happiness120a. Heavy hangs the raindrop120b. Child of Delight! with sunbright hair121. Anticipation122. I know that tonight, the wind is sighing123. Silent is the House—all are laid asleep124. The Prisoner: A Fragment125. No coward soul is mine126. Why ask to know the date—the clime? 127. Why ask to know what date what climeClose sectionand Fragments128. Love is like the wild rose briar129. Sympathy130. "Thou standest in the green-wood now"131. Come, walk with me132. Sleep not dream not this bright day133. Alas that she134. Deep deep down in the silent grave135. Here with my knee upon thy stone136. O come again what chains withhold137. Was it with the feilds of green138. How loud the Storm sounds round the Hall! 139. What use is it to slumber here140. O evening why is thy light so sad? 141. Its over now Ive known it all142. O Hinder me by no delay143. I'll come when thou art sadest144. I would have touched the heavnly key145. It was night and on the mountains146. Yes holy be thy resting place147. Lonly at her window sitting148. There are two trees in a lonely feild149. And the wind swept past her hopeless ear150. What is that smoke that ever still151. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided does not address the claim regarding wall colors and their impact on mood. It appears to be a collection of poetic lines or phrases that do not relate to the subject of interior design or psychological effects of color. Therefore, it is classified as irrelevant.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: 1 IntroductionChildren who are suffering from (ULMI) must often undergo repetitive therapeutic physiotherapy sessions to regain movement or minimize functional disabilities of the affected area. Therapeutic physiotherapy sessions usually include upper body movements and exercises such as overhead, side-front, and back arm raises and curls. These physical therapeutic processes are fundamental components of rehabilitation because they improve functional outcomes and minimize persistent disabilities; however, patients often neglect to participate fully in physical therapies due to acute procedural pain (Matsangidou et al. 2017b). Pain has been characterized as one of the most common medical complaints (Malloy and Milling 2010), however, clinicians encounter difficulties in treating pain due to its complex and subjective nature (Gold et al. 2007; Mahrer and Gold 2009). Pain has been defined as a sensory and emotional experience that causes discomfort to the individual following actual or perceived tissue injury (Merskey and Bogduk 1994). As such, it is both nociceptive and subjective, with the same sensory signal of pain giving rise to different levels of pain intensity among individuals and situations. In recent decades, computer technology has brought to light new opportunities for pain management in painful therapeutic processes (Chau et al. 2020; Furness et al. 2019; Phelan et al. 2019). Virtual reality (VR) is a representative example of this type of technology since it allows users to experience a computer-simulated reality with visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory interactions (Ma and Zheng 2011) which results in distracting the patient from perceiving nociceptive signals and pain (Matsangidou et al. 2017a, b ). VR for pain management has been introduced in the research community as VR-analgesia and it appears to be an advanced form of analgesia caused by conventional distraction (Hoffman et al. 2004; 2006; Schmitt et al. 2011). Research on neurobiological mechanisms has shown that VR can reduce pain perception by withdrawing the subject's attention from the signals of pain (Gold et al. 2007). Many studies have found VR to be an efficient and beneficial form of pain relief for children in rehabilitation (Khadra et al. 2018; Parsons et al. 2009). VR games were more promising than conventional training alone to improve limbs’ functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy (Jannink et al. 2008; Sharan et al. 2012). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the application of virtual reality (VR) in therapeutic contexts. It mentions that VR is utilized for pain management during rehabilitation, which directly relates to physical therapy. The text states that VR has been found to be an efficient and beneficial form of pain relief for children in rehabilitation and that VR games were more effective than conventional training alone to improve limbs' functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy. This implies that VR not only aids in alleviating pain but also supports mobility recovery through engagement in exercises, thus supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can replace the need for any external health devices or doctors’ visits. [SEP] Text: It may not be long until healthcare includes integrated AI forms where a robot greets you in your native language for your annual check-up using Processing, takes your vital signs, and sends a recommendation to the doctor on which patient to prioritise and what investigations need to be ordered using algorithms designed to analyse collected vital signs. What AI can’t do is replace the natural ‘gut feel’ of a healthcare professional. And this won’t change in 2024. The clinical reasoning and thinking process that healthcare providers engage is so complex, and the sources of information that the human brain considers in patient care are too numerous to capture with current algorithms. The implicit knowledge an expert relies on for effective clinical care is so deeply embedded in human automation, that methods to get at these data points often fail. On top of this, AI-accessible data and the AI algorithms themselves can have flaws. Machine learning can be overly sensitive, leading to over-diagnoses in some patients. Processing AIs can act as healthcare trojan horses, where the technology is so convincing in its communication approaches that it tricks the user into thinking it is knowledgeable in the same way a human is. There are also privacy concerns with such AI applications. AI typically relies on data input to continue learning — and the clarity about what happens to confidential patient information when input into AI remains an open question for many platforms. There are also challenges that the healthcare AI field is tackling related to bias and responsibility, and questions about what we consider ‘mundane’ and ‘repetitive’ tasks which AI can truly take off humans. In reality (ironically), all existing AI is devoid of the necessary context within which healthcare occurs. It misses the complexity, the empathy, and important data points that human intelligence has access to, and can therefore only replicate specific human tasks. Our healthcare future: Humans leading, AI supporting A better description of the role of AI in healthcare in the future might be: “AI won’t replace the doctors, but those doctors will be replaced who don’t use Artificial Intelligence,” as Reddy, director at India’s Apollo, has put it. Healthcare AI is increasingly taking on roles of “clinical decision-making support”, meaning the healthcare provider is in charge and human intelligence is prioritised, while AI augments this. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing that healthcare will continue to require human healthcare professionals despite advances in AI technology. It states that AI cannot replicate the complex reasoning and 'gut feel' of healthcare providers, which suggests that smart fabrics, which may incorporate AI, cannot fully replace the need for external health devices or visits to doctors.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: Still as she looked the iron clouds152. Away away resign me now153. It will not shine again154. None but one beheld him dying155. Coldly bleakly drearily156. of Time ruined lonly now157. Cold clear and blue the morning heaven158. Tell me tell me smileing child159. The inspiring musics thrilling sound160. stand thought I have borne161. I paused on the threshold I turned to the sky162. O come with me thus ran the song163. Woods you need not frown on me164. How golden bright from earth and heaven165. Not a vapour had stained the breezless blue166. Only some spires of bright green grass167. The sun has set and the long grass now168. Lady in your palace Hall169. And first an hour of mournful museing170. Wind sink to rest in the heather171. Long neglect has worn away172. Awaking morning laughs from heaven173. Her sisters and her brothers feet174. O Harold while the darkness falls175. Tis evening now the sun descends176. We wander on we have no rest177. is it178. There let thy bleeding branch atone179. Upon her aching breast180. I gazed within thine ernest eyes181. All hushed and still within the house182. Iernës eyes were glazed and dim183. When days of Beauty deck the earth184. Still beside that dreary water185. There swept adown that dreary glen186. In dungeons dark I cannot sing187. I'm happiest when most away188. Methinks this heart should rest awhile189. That dreary lake that midnight sky190. His land may burst the galling chain191. It is not pride it is not shame192. She dried her tears and they did smile193. But the hearts that once adored me194. Start not upon the minster wall195. My heart is not enrapturd now196. What woke it then? a little child197. I heard it then you heard it too198. Through the doors of yester night199. Harp of wild and dream like Strain200. All day I've toiled but not with pain201. Stanzas ("Often rebuked, yet always back returning")Close section Commentary2024. All rights reserved. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is a collection of poetic verses that express various feelings and imagery, but it does not address or discuss the impact of changing wall colors on a person's mood. Thus, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Studies also found that VR training initially has a high intrinsic motivational power that increased children’s level of engagement in and enjoyment of physical activities (Jannink et al. 2008). Other recent works found good acceptability of computer game-based interventions to encourage children's engagement in rehabilitation exercise at home and recommended more entertaining games to increase motivation and compliance in the child (Gerber et al. 2016). Even though the effectiveness of VR on pain management has been well documented, none of the above papers have provided illustrations in response to the design elements of an effective VR system. We, therefore, believe that through this paper, we shed some light on the design opportunities for the future deployment of VR in healthcare services. This is done through the qualitative assessment of the attitudes of young patients, consultees/ family members (e. g. parents) and clinicians towards this technology. This paper aims to understand whether VR would be accepted by young patients, family members and clinicians and whether the use of this technology could be translated into positive results. We also need to examine the unique features, advantages and limitations of VR so that it can be deployed successfully in larger scale hospital settings. In addition, we look to understand what other benefits VR could provide to this patient group (e. g. apart from eliminating pain), and how we can design VR to enhance and maximize these benefits in the future. This study describes the development of a VR application for the treatment of children who are suffering from ULMI. The usability and applicability of the application were evaluated through two interrelated studies. Study 1 assessed the VR system’s usability with healthy children to inform the design and Study 2 deployed the system into a children’s hospital to identify the potentials of VR technology in healthcare settings. 2 Methods2. 1 Ethics and recruitmentHealthy participants for the pre-clinical developmental consulting study were recruited from local schools. Ethical approval for the pre-clinical study was gained from the University (ER-5456174). Participants with upper limb impairments, consultees and clinical staff were recruited from Sheffield Children’s NHS in the UK, which is one of three dedicated children’s hospitals providing integrated healthcare for children and young people. Ethical approvals were gained from the hospital (SCH: 2178) as well as the University (ER-5456174) and the Service (IRAS: 243763) Committees. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the development of a VR application specifically for the treatment of children suffering from upper limb impairments (ULMI). It emphasizes the usability and applicability of VR technology in healthcare settings, which aligns with the use of VR in physical therapy to aid patients in regaining mobility through guided exercises. Furthermore, the motivation and engagement mentioned in the text suggest that VR can be effectively integrated into rehabilitation practices.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can replace the need for any external health devices or doctors’ visits. [SEP] Text: Under this model, AI could be programmed to alert the healthcare provider on all the variables not considered in an algorithm, to help the healthcare provider explore to what extent the AI recommendations can be valuable in a specific context or with a specific patient. For instance, if an AI is recommending antidepressants for a patient who is also pregnant, it would alert the doctor that such medications aren’t yet tested in this population — allowing the doctor to consider other data points in deciding the next best step. To support this model — in which humans lead, but AI support — the AI-integrated future shouldn’t just focus on improving AI. An AI-augmented healthcare system must include healthcare worker training and support in both AI literacy and human intelligence literacy. Education can also focus on helping healthcare providers recognise when to question patterns; how to challenge predictions; and the value of trusting intuition — essentially building capacity to tolerate uncertainty. This future-protecting healthcare education would help reduce the risk of “automation bias,” whereby humans allow the AI to work autonomously and the algorithm is trusted, even in the face of clear evidence that it’s wrong. AI has given us a valuable gift: the opportunity to explore what aspects of human intelligence are critical in healthcare, and which tasks can be enhanced with technology. After all, both human brains and AI are wired for prediction, but humans have the power to interrogate, question and evaluate these predictions while AI has computing power beyond a human brain. Both are needed to manage the complexities of patient care. Michelle D. is the Director of the Centre for Education and of the Centre for Scholarship in at in Australia. She is an award-winning educator, having received the ‘Teaching Excellence’ award amongst others, and is the author of the “Effect: How to Survive and Thrive through the Unexpected“. Originally published under by 360info™. Enjoy this 2024. Here’s why. Focus on 2024 It’s a wonderful year for a Moon dance Hydrogen can revolutionise clean energy, transport, decarbonise industrial processes … and cook your dinner. Focus on 2024 Hydrogen makes itself at home The UK and US have both approved a gene editing therapy to overcome the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell disease, but the treatment is expensive. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the importance of human oversight in healthcare, despite advancements in AI and technology. It discusses how AI should support healthcare providers rather than replace them, emphasizing the necessity of human judgment and the risk of 'automation bias.' The assertion that AI can enhance understanding and decision-making implies that external health devices and doctor's visits are still essential, rather than being fully supplanted by smart fabrics.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: info@biomedres. us +1 (720) 414-3554 Corporate Center, Suite 300, Westchester, IL 60154, of Scientific & February, 2019, 3, pp 10694-10699 Research 10. 26717/BJSTR. 2019. 14. 002559 Abstract Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to comparison of the major and minor complications in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) with or without RVMI after treated with early successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted with IMI due to proximal RCA occlusion and treated with successful primary PCI were included the study. Patients divided into two groups as IMI with and without RVMI. RVMI was diagnosed in the presence of ST segment elevation in the V4R derivation. In addition, transthoracic echocardiography is performed within 24 hours of admission. All patients were followed prospectively and the occurrence of adverse events was noted. The mean follow-up period was 10 months after discharge. Results: The study population consisted of 46 consecutive patients admitted with IMI treated with primary PCI. 16 patients were IMI complicated by RVMI. The average door-to-balloon (D2B) times at our study population was less than thirty minutes (mean 23. 1 ± 6,6 minutes). Patients with RVMI had significantly lower TAPSE (1. 39 ± 0. 21 cm versus 2. 35 ± 0. 46 cm, P<0. 001) and RV FAC (28. 15 ± 5. 87 versus 44. 79 ± 10. 77 p<0,001) and significantly higher RVDD (4,17 ± 0,41 versus 3,06 ± 0. 45, p< 0,001). No mortality or major complications were observed during the coronary intensive care and hospital stay. Minor complication was observed in one patient with RVMI, no statistically significant difference was found in this value. No statistically significant difference was found in length of hospital stay. A significant correlation was found between the peak CK-MB values between, both length of coronary intensive care and length hospital stay of patients with RVMI. Conclusion: In patients with early-successful reperfusion therapy and door-toballoon time is less than 30 minutes, there is no mortality and morbidity difference between IMI with or without complicated RV MI. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a medical study related to myocardial infarction and does not mention anything about wall colors, moods, or psychological effects. Therefore, it does not support or refute the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: Ten children (male = 4, female = 6) with ULMI, with mean age 11. 40 years (SD = 2. 80, range = 9–16 years) participated to the study. All children were diagnosed with an ULMI (Burns sequelae (scar reconstruction arm) = 4; arm motor impairments = 2; elbow fracture = 2; multiple-exostosis = 1; nerve and muscle injury-head, arm, shoulder = 1). Inclusion criteria were ULMI for which the child was receiving rehabilitation from a psychotherapist or occupational therapist. The presence of injuries to the face or head that could hinder the correct positioning of the Head-(HMD) or pose an infection risk, along with learning or visual impairments or mental health issues that could affect the understanding and the performance of the rehabilitation, and a history of severe motion sickness or vertigo which posed a risk of nausea, epilepsy, disorientation, and anxiety to the children were exclusion criteria. The two clinicians treating the children, a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist specialising in the field of burns and plastics surgery, plus ten family members (e. g. one parent for each child) who were present during the VR rehabilitation, also participated in the study. Children with ULMI were invited to use VR with their usual clinician in a familiar room of the hospital. The VR intervention was described to them, and a five-minute tutorial was offered for the children to become familiar with the use of the VR system and the interactive devices. Once this process was completed, children were asked again whether they still wanted to proceed with the VR rehabilitation session. They were reassured that they had the choice to stop the session at any time. A consent form was signed, and the children were asked to put on the HMD. The main VR therapy session then began, taking around 30 minutes, 15 minutes per game. Once the VR rehabilitation session was completed, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The questions were asked taking into consideration the children's age. Where further explanation was needed by the child, the researcher offered clarifications, in keeping with good practice when working with children. Overall, each session lasted approximately an hour long. 2. 3 MaterialsSystem evaluation questionnaire was carried out in both studies. To evaluate the VR system, a range of questions was used on a ten-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 10 = very much). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing a study where children with upper limb motor impairments (ULMI) participated in VR rehabilitation sessions designed to aid in their physical therapy. It details the involvement of clinicians and the use of VR technology during rehabilitation to assist children in regaining mobility through interactive games, thus aligning with the claim that VR is utilized in physical therapy for guided exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Wearable tech will soon be able to predict all health conditions before symptoms appear. [SEP] Text: The existence and identification of such indicators determines to a large extent whether it is reasonable to expect a minimally experienced generalist cadre to manage specialist medical conditions. If such indicators cannot be identified then it may not be reasonable to expect “task shifting” to be successful. Useful indicators need to be simple to use and should have high sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity are measures of the accuracy of a diagnostic test to detect a condition and, unlike predictive value, do not depend on the prevalence of the condition in the population [8]. In this study, we considered several symptoms and signs that are indicative of eye health and would likely be included in training of PHC workers to help with decision making. We treated these signs and symptoms as diagnostic tests to see how accurately they predicted whether patients in an eye clinic had “serious” eye conditions requiring referral for specialist care. These signs and symptoms are regularly considered by ophthalmic professionals to evaluate patients, however they are supplemented by a considerable body of additional knowledge of the many and varied pathological conditions that can affect the eye. Furthermore, ophthalmic professionals depend on a number of sophisticated instruments and tests in order to detect redness (inflammation), or a pupil that is not “black,” or eyes that are not straight. The possibility of correctly diagnosing many eye conditions, particularly at an early stage, depends on examination with instruments more complex than a torch. The sensitivity of the single symptoms and signs we tested here, evaluated with a torch alone, even by experienced ophthalmic professionals, was very low. High sensitivity (identifying a high percentage of people who have a problem) is particularly important in order to avoid missing conditions that require further evaluation and treatment. While combinations of symptoms and signs (referral criteria #1 and #2) improved the sensitivity somewhat, the resulting sensitivities were still unacceptably low. As more symptoms and signs are included in the criteria for referral, the sensitivity will increase further, however the specificity will become negligible, resulting in a situation where nearly all patients would be referred. Not only is this inefficient and counterproductive, but it could undermine any confidence of the community in the PHC workers providing eye care. It is interesting to note that the sensitivity and specificity of these common symptoms and signs has not been tested before in view of the frequent calls for scaling up PEC in Africa. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining the limitations of diagnosing conditions based on available signs and symptoms. It states that high sensitivity is crucial to avoid missing serious health issues, and points out that using simple symptoms and signs without advanced instruments yields very low sensitivity rates, indicating that effective predictive abilities in health technology may not yet be achievable.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: Abbreviations: IMI: Infarction; RV: Right Ventricular; RVMI: Myocardial Infarction; PPCI: Coronary Intervention; RCA: Artery; ECG: Electrocardiography; LVESV: End-Systolic Volume; LVEDV: End-Diastolic Volume; LVEF: LV Ejection Fraction; RVDD: RV End-Diastolic Diameter; RVFAC: RV Change; TAPSE: Excursion; STEMI: is Already Known? Inferior MI complicated with right ventricular MI has a higher mortality rate than isolated inferior MI. Early revascularization is the key to reduce mortality rates in this high-risk subset. What this Study Adds? The study showed that, there is no difference in mortality and morbidity between patients with pure IMI and patients complicated by RVMI, when early and successful reperfusion therapy was performed with a D2B time of less than 30 minutes. According to our results, the main target in the therapy of RVMI should be decreased total ischemic time and increased post-flows. is limited data on the association between right ventricular (RV) function and adverse events after acute right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) [1]. Most of the information on RVMI is from the pre-mechanical revascularization era. RVMI increases the risk of hemodynamic instability, atrioventricular conduction block and increases in-hospital mortality in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) [2,3]. Significant improvement in the prognosis of RVMI was achieved after reperfusion treatments. However, studies have demonstrated that RVMI is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality, even in the mechanical reperfusion era [4]. A shorter time taken to reperfusion of the occluded vessel contributes to the recovery of RV function. Early revascularization plays an important role in the recovery of RV function; conversely, late revascularization is associated with higher RV dysfunction and complications [5,6]. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the complication rates in patients with IMI with and without RVMI who were treated with early primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) successfully. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses medical terms and statistics related to right ventricular myocardial infarction and its complications. It does not mention anything about wall colors or their effects on a person's mood.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: After the VR session, participants were asked a series of questions (e. g. “How much did you like the VR game”? ) and they were asked to provide the level of difficulty and pain they perceived (e. g. “How easy or difficult did you find the VR game”? , “How painful did you find the rehabilitation process”? ). Participants were also asked to evaluate the system’s usability and acceptability (e. g. “Was the system easy to use”? ; “Would you like to play this VR game again”? ). Perception of time was measured in minutes and seconds (e. g. “How long did it feel that you were into this virtual world”? ). Observation notes were taken during VR use in both studies by the HCI researcher located in the room with the participants. These observations aimed to record any interactions and behavioural responses towards the VR experience and identify design and deployment issues to help inform the VR design. Goniometer device (® 12-inch plastic goniometer, (Model 12–1000—Fabrication Enterprises, Inc: White Plains, New York) was used by the clinical staff before and after the patient's rehabilitation to document the initial and subsequent range of motion, evaluate their progress and to determine the level of disability. We used the goniometer only in study 2, to assess the physical therapy effectiveness of the VR rehabilitation and to personalize the system’s range of motion for each patient. We examined the differences between a range of movements: upper limb flexion, upper limb extension, upper limb abduction, and upper limb adduction, before and after the VR rehabilitation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted only in study 2, with the children, family members and clinical staff to reflect on their experience using VR concerning technology acceptance, emotional affect, usability and future deployment. Staff was interviewed separately from children and family members. In particular, the interviews focussed on four main areas: (1) attitudes towards the VR rehabilitation session (e. g. “What did you like/dislike about the VR session compared to the normal therapy session? ”, “Compare with how it is usually when you are doing your exercises, how much did you enjoy doing them today, with the game? ”); (2) perceived difficulty and pain levels (e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the use of virtual reality (VR) in rehabilitation contexts, specifically how participants were assessed before and after VR sessions to document their range of motion and evaluate the effectiveness of VR in physical therapy. It highlights the measurement of various physical movements and the qualitative feedback from participants regarding their experiences with VR exercises, thereby supporting the notion that VR is utilized to assist patients in regaining mobility through guided rehabilitation activities.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can completely eliminate the risk of injury for athletes. [SEP] Text: Other injury3 within 12 weeks of ACL injury Subjects medical records & athlete interview Have you had any lower limb injury which disrupted your training or restricted your ability training in the last 3 months? Physical or cognitive fatiguing event in week prior injury Athlete interview In the week prior to your ACL injury did any of the following happen: Long haul flight Significant increase in training load Participate in a multi-match tournament Change time zones Significant (greater than 2 nights) disruption to sleep Increase cognitive stress 4 1Assess using the rating scale reported (27) 2Greater than 10 degrees of knee hyperextension (28) 3An injury when caused greater than two days missed training or competition (29) 4Increased cognitive stresses included; relationship issues, performance issues (identified by coach or perceived by player), abnormally high performance anxiety 2 displays the full results of the retrospective audit. Fourteen out of the 17 athletes audited (82%) had a score of 4 or higher on the Beighton hypermobility scale. A similar number had genu recurvatum present prior to ACL rupture. Eight out of the 17 (47%) had history of previous ACL rupture of the same or other limb. Five out of the 17 (29%) had familial history of ACL rupture (sibling or parental). Thirteen out of the 17 (77%) had had an injury which disrupted and restricted training in the 12 weeks prior to rupturing the ACL (Table 3). Fourteen out of the 17 athletes audited (82%) had a fatiguing event either physical or cognitive at some point in the 7 days prior to rupturing their ACL (Table 4). Table 2: Summary of athlete reported risk factors. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing a retrospective audit of athletes who experienced ACL injuries and highlights various risk factors, including previous injuries and physical or cognitive fatigue, that contributed to these injuries. This suggests that, despite advancements like smart fabrics, injuries can still occur due to multiple risk factors that cannot be mitigated completely.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: Selection and Consecutive patients, admitted with IMI due to proximal right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion and treated with successful PPCI, were included to the study. There was no critical stenosis in the other vessels Successful PPCI was defined with three criteria: a) TIMI 3 coronary flow (complete perfusion) after PPCI. b) Resolution of ST segment elevation > 70% c) Complete relief of chest pain. If any of these three criteria was absent, the patient was excluded from the study. The population of this study was specified as patients who have had chest pain within 6 hours. The patients with onset of symptoms over 6 hours were excluded. IMI was diagnosed as the presence of ST segment elevation of at least 0. 1 mV in 2 or more inferior leads on electrocardiography (ECG). RVMI was diagnosed as the presence of ST segment elevation in the V4R lead on ECG. All patients were treated according to the institutional acute myocardial infarction protocol, which is driven by the most recent guidelines. In addition, 2D echocardiography was performed to all patients within 24 hours of admission. LV and RV function were determined by echocardiography. All patients were followed prospectively for the occurrence of adverse events. Data recorded for all patients included demographics, ECG findings, a detailed timeline including time of onset of chest pain, time of arrival at hospital (“door” time) and time of first balloon inflation of the primary angioplasty procedure (“balloon” time). The time interval between the patient’s first arrival at hospital and first balloon inflation was called as door-to-balloon (D2B) time. TIMI risk scores were calculated from the initial clinic history, electrocardiograms, laboratory values collected on admission. After discharge, the patients were evaluated by telephone calls or by hospital checkup programs. The mean follow-up period was 10 months after discharge. The study protocol was approved by the Committee. were obtained in the left lateral decubitus position using a commercially available system (Vivid 3 pro General Electric-Vingmed, Horton, Norway). Data acquisition was performed at a depth of 16 cm in the parasternal and apical views using a 3. 5- MHz transducer. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a medical study focused on coronary artery occlusion and the criteria for successful treatment of patients, with no reference to wall colors or their impact on mood.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: “Compared to normal therapy sessions, when you are doing your exercises, how easy was it to make the movements? ”, “Compared with how it is usually when you are doing your exercises, how painful or uncomfortable was it to do them today? ”); system usability/acceptability (e. g. “What is your overall impression regarding the VR rehabilitation? ”); and future VR deployment (e. g. “In the future, could you see this kind of therapy as a form of rehabilitation? ”). 2. 4 ApparatusRift (Oculus 2019) VR HMD system was used to stream the audial and visual content. A set of Controllers was used as the interactivity device. The system was paired to two sets of to capture the user’s physical position and movements and incorporate them into the virtual environment. Rift tracks the head movement to present the correct virtual-world image to the eyes (LaValle et al. 2014) and it constantly analyses the user’s head movement to control the view. This results in completely natural interactions between the user and the virtual environment, creating high rates of the presence and immersion (Desai et al. 2014). The HMD used in the study had an adjustable head strap, and the combined weight of the HMD (470 grams) and controllers (169 grams/per controller) is 808 grams, which makes the system comfortable for young users. The VR system was developed using the (2019) and Oculus SDK (Oculus 2019). The 3D models were created in Autodesk 3DS Max (Autodesk 2019), Substance 3D (Substance 2019) and Speedtree (Speedtree 2019). To create a sense of embodiment, virtual hands were developed to present the user’s hands and synchronize the movement in the virtual space, reflecting the movement of the users in the physical space. To offer a personalized experience and avoid any frustrations, for each type of virtual rehabilitation, the patient’s range of motion was measured by a goniometer device before to the training, and the data were imported by the physiotherapist into the system to capture the trajectory of the arms for each exercise. The VR content was displayed on a laptop screen, mirroring the user’s real-time virtual interactions, allowing the researcher, the clinician, and the family member to silently observe the procedure. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing a VR rehabilitation system designed to facilitate physical therapy exercises. It describes how the VR environment interacts with the user's physical movements to create a personalized and immersive experience, which is essential for rehabilitation. The text indicates that the patient's range of motion is measured and utilized to guide the exercises, aligning with the claim that virtual reality aids patients in regaining mobility through guided exercises.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart fabrics can completely eliminate the risk of injury for athletes. [SEP] Text: Score 8 8 8 6 5 4 4 4 4 5 9 0 4 4 0 0 5 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes No yes yes no no yes Previous ACL injury* no yes yes no yes no no yes yes no yes yes yes no no no no Family history ACL injury no no no yes no no no no yes no yes no no no no yes yes Injury within last three months yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes no yes no yes yes yes Fatigue event in week prior injury (training, long haul flight, time zone, cognitive stress) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no yes yes no : NB netball FB football (soccer) *Previous ACL 7 of the 8 were contralateral one was ipsilateral Table 3: Injuries in the preceding twelve weeks to ACL injury. of athletes (n=13) Grade 1 or 2 disruption anterior talofibular ligament at the ankle 8 Patellofemoral joint pain 2 Hamstring muscle injury (grade 1) 1 Gastrocnemius muscle injury (grade 1) 1 1 has been previously reported that generalised laxity, previous ACL injury and family history of ACL injury all heighten the risk of sustaining an ACL injury [5,6], the findings of this retrospective audit of injured athletes support this previous work. Significant numbers of these female athletes had positive findings for these injury risk characteristics. Though the numbers with previous contralateral or ipsilateral ACL injury are greater than those previously reported for an athletic female population [3], these findings do fit with the contention that the greater the level of sporting activity the patient returns to the greater the risk of further injury [12]. A genetic or familial relationship has been proposed in the aetiology of ACL [6] this study would support that contention of a potential link. This to our knowledge is the first study to report on the potential association between perceived physical or cognitive fatigue and ACL injury, the relationships found, are an interesting finding which would appear to be worthy of further and far more detailed study than the open ended questions used in the present study. This injury audit found 14 out of the 17 athletes audited (82%) had a fatiguing event, either physical or cognitive at some point in the 7 days prior to rupturing their ACL (Table 4). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim as it highlights a variety of injury risk factors associated with athletes, including previous injuries and physical or cognitive fatigue. It states that the audit found significant numbers of athletes displaying characteristics that heighten their risk of sustaining injuries, particularly ACL injuries. This suggests that while smart fabrics may provide some benefits, they cannot completely eliminate the risk of injury due to underlying physical conditions and history, undermining the notion that technology alone can prevent all athletic injuries.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Changing wall colors can completely alter a person's mood. [SEP] Text: During breath-hold 2D images were obtained and 3 consecutive beats were saved in cineloop format. The reference limits of all echocardiographic parameters were defined according to of Echocardiography Guidelines. The left ventricle end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) were assessed and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by using the biplane Simpson method [7]. end-diastolic diameter (RVDD) was measured in the apical 4- chamber view. RV fractional area change (RVFAC) was analyzed by tracing the RV end-diastolic area (RVDA) and RV end-systolic area (RVSA) in the apical 4-chamber view using the formula (RVDA-RVSA)/ RVDA x 100. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was measured in the RV free wall. In the apical 4-chamber view, the M-mode cursor was placed through the tricuspid annulus in such a way that the annulus moved along the M-mode cursor and the total displacement of the RV base from end-diastole to end-systole was measured [8]. Continuous data were presented as mean standard deviation and categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Differences in characteristics between patient groups were evaluated using the unpaired Student t test and chi-square test. Pearson’s chi-square test was used for non-qualitative data when the data were examined (Fisher’s exact Chi-square test was used when the number of value (n) in boxes was below 5). Mann-test was used for data not showing normal distribution and test was used for data with normal distribution. The 95% confidence interval was determined and differences were considered significant at 𝑃 < 0. 05. study population consisted of 46 consecutive patients, admitted with IMI and treated with PPCI. 16 patients had IMI complicated by RVMI. Table 1 summarizes the clinical characteristics of the patient population. Mean age was 56 years, and most patients were men (n: 39; 85 %). The patients presented a mean of 146 ± 117 minutes after the onset of symptoms. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses echocardiographic measurements and statistical analysis in a patient population without mentioning anything related to wall colors or their effect on mood.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Virtual reality is used in physical therapy to help patients regain mobility through guided exercises. [SEP] Text: A dictaphone was used when interviewing the children with ULMI, the family members and the clinical staff. 2. 5 Design process and virtual environmentsFour major design iterations, over nine months, were conducted to design and develop the VR system. Each iteration involved focus groups, interviews and/or evaluations with representative users (study 1) or clinicians to improve the design. Each evaluation lasted approximately two hours. First, a demonstration was conducted, between three clinicians and one developer. During the demonstration, the general possibilities of VR rehabilitation were illustrated. Afterwards, clinicians demonstrated a ULMI rehabilitation process to the developers and the VR content was discussed. These consultations resulted in two types of virtual rehabilitation, designed to mimic the conventional treatment the children received at the hospital: 1) Archery based on behind-the-neck overhead press, using a quiver on the user's back to encourage bending their arm and firing the arrow to help with stretching exercises and 2) Climbing based on an overhead exercise that requires patients to raise their arms above their heads. VR-Archery. A woodland environment with balloon targets and destructible gnomes was presented. The user was instructed to reach out with their non-injured arm to grab a bow that was floating in front of them and then to lift-up his/her injured arm, bending the elbow behind the back to grab an arrow from a quiver. Once the user reached the arrow s/he was instructed to bring the arrow in line with the bowstring to attach it. When it was attached to the bowstring the user had to hold the bow outstretched and pull back the injured arm holding the arrow. Then the user had to aim the arrow towards the target (i. e. balloon). The arrow was fired as soon as the finger was released. If the target was shot by the arrow, then the balloon popped, releasing colourful fairy dust into the air (Fig. 1a). If an arrow mistakenly shot another element (e. g. wood, ground), then the arrow would be stuck into the element and relevant sounds and visual effects would appear. To increase realism, the user was able to pluck the arrow from the wood and reuse it. Audio and visual feedback (e. g. blinking/pop sounds and fairy dust) were used to provide impact and encourage extra movement. To hit more distant targets, the arrow had to be pulled further back, indicated by a unique sound and visual effect on the arrow. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the use of virtual reality (VR) systems in a rehabilitation context. It describes how VR is implemented through guided exercises involving activities like archery and climbing which are specifically designed to assist patients in regaining mobility and performing physical exercises that mimic conventional treatments. The processes described, such as using VR content to encourage movement of the injured arm in a controlled environment, align well with the claim about the role of VR in physical therapy.