Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Pub| Text | Text 11. Blas E, Kurup AS: Equity, social determinants and public health programmes. Geneva: WHO; 2010; 2, 2019. Reference Source12. Gwatkin DR: 10 best resources on. . . health equity. Plan. 2007; 22(5): 348–351. Pub| Text 13. O': Applying an equity lens to interventions: using ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014; 67(1): 56–64. Pub| Text 14. : Analyses of inequalities in RMNCH: rising to the challenge of the SDGs. BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4(Suppl 4): e001295. Pub| Text | Text 15. : Absolute Poverty, Fertility P48. Reference Source16. Ross J: Improved reproductive health equity between the poor and the rich: An analysis of trends in 46 low- and middle-income countries. Sci Pract. 2015; 3(3): 419–445. Pub| Text | Text 17. for (USAID): Intertemporal comparisons of poverty and wealth with DHS data: A harmonized asset index approach. Washington, DC: USAID; 2014; 2, 2019. Reference Source18. Rominski SD, Stephenson R: Toward a new definition of unmet need for contraception. Plann. 2019; 50(2): 195–198. Pub| Text 19. : Incorporating method dissatisfaction into unmet need for contraception: Implications for measurement and impact. Plann. 2021; 52(1): 95–102. Pub| Text | Text 20. Smits J, Steendijk R: (IWI). Res. 2015; 122: 65–85. Text 21. The S-Curve: Putting mCPR Growth into Context. 2, 2020. Reference Source22. Maker since 2012. 2, 2021. Reference Source23. 2012 on Family Planning, Summaries of Commitments. 2020 website. 2013; 19, 2020. Reference Source24. Ministry of Health, Malawi: Evaluation of Youth-Services in Malawi. Malawi: Evidence 2 Action. 2014; 9, 2020. 25. Ministry of Health, Malawi: Ministry of Health: 2015-2020. 9, 2020. Reference Source26. Beyond 2020: A for Post-2020. 2020 website. 19, 2020. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses public health programs and equity, providing no information about the written records of ancient civilizations. There are no references to ancient civilizations or the nature of their record-keeping in the provided text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: A first differentiating feature is the type of information that is used as a basis for personalisation. This information can be relatively “innocent” such as current dietary patterns, to become increasingly more invasive and personal, such as different types of phenotypic information to even include very “sticky” (von Hippel 1994) and personal information such as genetic constitution. Clearly, the diagnostic value increases with the level of stickiness, but with that may come a higher degree of reluctance on the part of the consumer to share that information, because of privacy reasons and the effort of making it available. Future research would need to focus more in depth on the consumer trade-offs between these two dimensions of making genetic information available as a basis for personalised nutrition advice. Despite the long-recognised potential of nutrigenomics, the results show that the use of genotypic information as a basis for personalised nutritional advice is still an exception. Our data do not allow us to analyse the underlying causes at the consumer, market, and business levels, but this clearly constitutes a promising area for future research. For example, this reluctance may be due to lack of consensus on the scientific substantiation of genotype markers, and/or specific consumer concerns regarding genotype applications (e. g. price, time to do the test, fear of genetics). Early work in this area (e. g. Stewart-Knox et al. 2009) suggests that such consumer attitudes towards genetic testing and personalised nutrition may be quite heterogeneous, not just varying by age and country, but even by the type of health issues being addressed. This directly relates to the definition of the target group as another dimension of the business model. Whereas consumers may be reluctant to make detailed and personal information such as genetic information available for curative purposes, a major public health contribution could come from an application of nutrigenomics-based nutrition advice for preventative purposes. Future research would need to focus on how also at the preventive level nutrigenomics-based personalised nutrition advice could get a stronger foothold in the market place. A specific point of attention would be whether this application would be restricted to dietary advice or could apply to a broader repertoire of behaviours as a part of a healthy lifestyle (e. g. sufficient physical activity, preventive self-screening methods). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of genetic information in the context of personalised nutrition, which aligns with the exploration of the interaction between diet and genes inherent to nutrigenomics. It explains how genetic data might be utilized to tailor dietary advice, thereby affirming the relevance of nutrigenomics in personalising nutrition based on genetic makeup.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining is expected to replace all traditional mining methods by 2030. [SEP] Text: In addition, states that support the imminent commencement of seabed mining may face domestic legal challenges on the grounds of incompatibility with their legal obligations under marine environmental law as incorporated into domestic law. Recent cases involving climate litigation brought by civil society, in which courts have required governments to set more ambitious binding climate targets to meet their international obligations, may serve as a precedent for such possible instances of future ocean litigation. Footnote 29 Lastly, states could also face political repercussions or reputational harm for supporting seabed mining despite being conscious of its significant environmental risks and current incompatibility with cultural and human rights obligations under international law, as explored in other essays in this Unbound symposium. For these reasons, we argue that states are well-advised to refrain from supporting seabed mining for the time being and instead prioritize their existing international obligations relating to ocean health. we have sought to demonstrate, there are many tensions between seabed mining and international marine environmental law. While the drafters of could not have foreseen this, current scientific knowledge suggests that seabed mining could single-handedly threaten the growing global commitment to protect our ocean commons as well as risk adversely affecting just about all other uses of the marine environment, from fishing to submarine cables, bioprospecting, and cultural heritage. It is worth recalling here that the decisionmakers at all the relevant fora are states, and they are, largely speaking, the same states. In other words, if one regime overrides the other, that may also reflect a contradiction in policies and ambition within individual governments. For an ocean, biodiversity and climate emergency, governments cannot afford to be schizophrenic and take inconsistent approaches in different global fora. Until and unless the member states of the ISA are convinced that deep seabed mining activities can be conducted in compliance with their international legal obligations, backed by science, and deliver net benefit to humankind as a whole, they should refrain from allowing extraction activities to proceed. Failure to do so might result in states finding themselves in violation of their responsibilities under international law. Simultaneously, states should ensure that decisions taken at the ISA do not contradict or weaken ocean conservation efforts undertaken elsewhere. To mine or to not undermine, that is the question that the ISA member states need to convincingly answer. authors gratefully acknowledge excellent research assistance by Caitlin Turner. 145. 3 3 Id. Art. 137(2). 4 4 Id. Art. 140(1). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the legal and environmental challenges associated with seabed mining. It states that 'states are well-advised to refrain from supporting seabed mining for the time being' due to its significant environmental risks and tensions with international marine environmental law. This suggests that rather than being expected to replace traditional mining methods, seabed mining faces considerable obstacles that could prevent it from becoming a widespread alternative by 2030.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: 27. familyplanning2020: familyplanning2020/NOLB: NOLB Code (Version v1. 0). Zenodo. 2021. Comments on this 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2 version 1 Published: 28 Jul 2021, 5:114 Copyright © 2022 et al. This is an open access 10. 12688/gatesopenres. 13339. 2) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 21956/gatesopenres. 14777. r34477) The direct URL for this report is: This is a well-written report relating to family planning (FP2020). I appreciate the time and effort taken to produce this report. It was interesting and easy to read. I have two suggestions for the authors. Although the. . . Continue reading is a well-written report relating to family planning (FP2020). I appreciate the time and effort taken to produce this report. It was interesting and easy to read. I have two suggestions for the authors. Although the discussion was well structured, I suggest that authors should review literature to check if there are related (global, regional, or national) reports/ 10. 21956/gatesopenres. 14777. r34477) The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Thank you for the opportunity to review. My comments are largely minor and for the purpose of clarification. My most significant critique is in point 1 below, as it is not clear to me why authors did not explicitly show. . . Continue reading you for the opportunity to review. My comments are largely minor and for the purpose of clarification. My most significant critique is in point 1 below, as it is not clear to me why authors did not explicitly show differences across most/least advantaged over time. Overall, however, the paper is well-written and contributes to relevant discussions related to equity. 1. While the authors do cite relevant literature, I think reference to the Choi and Fabic 2. Regarding wealth categories, I was not clear on whether these quintiles were defined cross-country or within country. For example, if women were in the poorest households, were these the poorest within their own country or the poorest across all countries? I assume the latter but a slight clarification would make this more clear. 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding ancient civilizations and their written records. It discusses a report related to family planning and critiques it, but does not mention anything about ancient civilizations or their documentation practices.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: AbstractNutrigenomics is the science of analyzing and understanding gene–nutrient interactions, which because of the genetic heterogeneity, varying degrees of interaction among gene products, and the environmental diversity is a complex science. Although much knowledge of human diversity has been accumulated, estimates suggest that ~90% of genetic variation has not yet been characterized. Identification of the DNA sequence variants that contribute to nutrition-related disease risk is essential for developing a better understanding of the complex causes of disease in humans, including nutrition-related disease. (HVP; is an international effort to systematically identify genes, their mutations, and their variants associated with phenotypic variability and indications of human disease or phenotype. Since nutrigenomic research uses genetic information in the design and analysis of experiments, the HVP is an essential collaborator for ongoing studies of gene–nutrient interactions. With the advent of next generation sequencing methodologies and the understanding of the undiscovered variation in human genomes, the nutrigenomic community will be generating novel sequence data and results. The guidelines and practices of the HVP can guide and harmonize these efforts. IntroductionNutrigenomics has been called a “post-genome” field of research (e. g. , [35]) because it could only develop in a meaningful way after the completion of the sequencing of the human genome. Ideally, nutrigenomics experiments are to be designed, conducted, and analyzed with specific knowledge of genes involved in nutrient metabolism and physiological processes. Data from the project and subsequent haplotype mapping projects [14, 59–61, 70] demonstrated that any two humans will differ by 3–5 million bases. However, ongoing re-sequencing of individual genomes has now identified ~18 million single nucleotide polymorphisms [4, 29, 47]. More recent studies have also shown structural variation in the human genome indicating that approximately 13% of the variation between humans may be due to copy number [1, 31, 41, 50, 68, 71]. The ongoing discovery of new SNPs and structural variants shows that the genomic era is far from ending, particularly since the next generation sequencing technologies [42] will soon allow for complete analyses of all coding sequences (i. e. , the exome) of all individuals in a research study (e. g. , [9]) or even for the complete sequencing of individual genes, including the regulatory regions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by explicitly defining nutrigenomics as 'the science of analyzing and understanding gene–nutrient interactions.' This description supports the assertion that nutrigenomics focuses on how diet relates to genetic factors.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart lenses could provide real-time health data without invasive procedures. [SEP] Text: In fact, individuals go to make a checkup just in case of severe symptoms; but it is often too late to deal with a disease at late level. In addition, people do not have an overview about their health until they make a consultation or a radiography. Therefore, patients are unaware about their health problems and are not involved in the treatment of diseases. This triggered the idea of creating an e-monitoring system for real-time disease prediction (see Fig. 1). The system can take decision in real-time to make people lives healthier and safer. Thanks to this system, we can react in advance, because it is not just about predicting diseases but it is about preventing also. The main contributions of this system are: Applying the system in many case study: heart-attack prediction, obesity prediction, miscarriage prediction, skin cancer prediction…. Involving doctors and patients in treatment of the disease. Using of healthcare sensors to collect real-time data: activity, heart rate, body temperature, alcohol consumption … Using of mobile phone to collect real-time data from the profile of the user: age, previous diseases, BMI, weight … Using IoT tools to collect and process data gathered. Data platform to train, analyze and create the predictive model. Making a mobile phone application with multiple profiles (doctor’s profile and pregnant woman’s profile) to communicate and react in advance in critical cases. Making smart bracelet to incorporate the system for an easy use. Fig. 1E-monitoring system for real-time disease prediction architectureFull size imageThe proposed system can be divided into four main parts: 1. Front system • A profile for doctors in a mobile application to track and monitor their patients, as well as make decisions in real-time. • A profile for patients to track the status of their disease and to receive recommendations to avoid unsuitable outcomes. • A background services to collect data in real-time from mobile phones. 2. Management system • Collect data received from mobile phones and healthcare sensors. • Analyze and transform data. • Build the predictive model. • Evaluate the model. • Transmit results to doctors. 3. IoT technologies • Healthcare sensors • Tools of processing and retrieving data from sensors. 4. Data management • A performant server that store and manage data in files to be then extracted by the Management tools. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that individuals currently lack real-time health data and often only seek medical attention when severe symptoms arise. It discusses the need for an e-monitoring system that utilizes sensors and mobile technology for real-time disease prediction and prevention, rather than specifically smart lenses, indicating that such solutions do not currently exist or that there are alternative methods for gathering health data.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Figure 1 - Rather than have two colors differentiating older/later surveys could authors differentiate each country with color/symbol combinations? I think this would make interpretation easier and faster. 3. Figure 2- I applaud the authors creativity in finding a way to visualize quite a bit of information. On the whole I like the chart, but did find some sections where I could not find countries across time. For example Nepal/older in panel 3. older is the turquoise dot near Malawi, what is the purple dot? Would the addition of shapes help? Defer to the authors but think a critical review is necessary to make sure the changes in all countries can be easily located in each panel. 4. Very minor change - suggest rewording "Increases were significant in seven countries– Burundi, Ethiopia, and Uganda in rural settings" to "Increases in rural settings were significant in seven countries– Burundi, Ethiopia, and Uganda" 5. Is it possible to show change in education status, similar to what you did for wealth, to demonstrate both how mcp use has changed and how education status has changed? Fine if not, but it seems like it would compliment the wealth analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes 1. Choi Y, M: in Equality for the Goals: A of for Family Planning. Sci Pract. 2018; 6 (2): 390-401 Pub| Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Family planning, demography, survey analysis I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2022, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Thanks for your careful consideration of my feedback. I found the graphics. . . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses feedback on data visualization and methodology related to a report on family planning. It does not mention ancient civilizations or their written records, focusing instead on contemporary issues and study assessments.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: The catalog of genetic variation is being done by the HapMap and 1,000 Genomes [37, 55] projects. While these projects are providing fundamental information about human genetic variation, they are by design limited by (i) the populations analyzed, (ii) the goal of characterizing variants that are greater than 1% in the population, and (iii) they are unlinked to phenotype. The HapMap project [14, 61] analyzed 45 in China, 45 Japanese in Tokyo, 90 Africans in the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria, and 90 Europeans of origin. The recently released HapMap3 data [2] extended the analyses to almost 700 individuals but found that 77% of the SNPs analyzed in their study had not been previously characterized. The goal of the 1,000 Genomes project is to analyze ~2,000 individuals from 23 populations (Table 1). Due to these sample sizes, the diversity projects will only be able to detect variants that are greater than ~1% in the populations tested; some rare variants [39] are found during targeted re-sequencing that occurs in these projects yet variation in the many populations not analyzed will not be found. Rare variants are increasingly suspected of being involved in healthy and disease phenotypes [12]. Finally, the goal of these projects is simply to catalog the variants for future use in research linking genotype to phenotype, although some phenotype data are available to research in the consortium. Both HVP and NuGO (Nutrigenomics Organization) aim to document variation causing phenotypic changes such as disease and good health. Table 1 1,000 Genomes populationsa Full size table (HVP; is an international effort to systematically identify genes, their mutations, and their variants associated with phenotypic variability and indications of human disease or phenotype [15, 16, 33, 51]. The goal of the HVP is to link clinical, medical, and research laboratories for developing knowledge. This knowledge will be accessible to the research and medical communities to improve research strategies and clinical medical practice. One of the key deliverables of the HVP is the creation of a cyber infrastructure to link locus-specific databases (LSDBs [27]). These databases have similar architecture, ontologies, and data elements allowing for interoperability and are curated by local experts. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that both HVP and NuGO (Nutrigenomics Organization) aim to document variation causing phenotypic changes such as disease and good health, indicating a direct link between genetic variation and health outcomes, which is a core aspect of nutrigenomics. The mention of linking genotype to phenotype supports the exploration of how diet influences genetic expression.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some smart lenses are designed to protect against UV rays and improve vision clarity. [SEP] Text: Objective assessment of accommodation orthoptics. I. Dynamic insufficiency. Opt 1979;56:285–94. | Text | PubMed 56. . Accommodation dynamics as a function of age. Opt 2002;22:389–96. | Text | PubMed | CrossRef 57. . Dynamics of the accommodation response to abrupt changes in target vergence as a function of age. 2001;41:507–19. | PubMed | CrossRef 58. . Dynamic aspects of accommodation: age and presbyopia. 2004;44:591–601. | PubMed | CrossRef 59. . Pulse-step models of control strategies for dynamic ocular accommodation and disaccommodation. 2006;46:242–58. | Text | PubMed | CrossRef 60. Helmholtz H. Mechanism of accommodation. In: Southall JPC, ed. Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics, translated from the 3rd German ed. New York: Dover Publications; 1962:143–72. 61. . In vivo determination of the biomechanical properties of the component elements of the accommodation mechanism. 1994;34:2897–905. | PubMed | CrossRef 62. Robinson DA. Oculomotor control signals. In: Lennerstrand G, Bach-y-Rita P, eds. of and their Clinical Implication: Proceedings of the Held in Wenner-Gren Center. Stockholm, Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1975:337–74. 63. Gamlin PD. Neural mechanisms for the control of vergence eye movements. Y 2002;956:264–72. | Text | PubMed | CrossRef 64. . Dynamic performance of accommodating intraocular lenses in a negative feedback control system: a simulation-based study. Med 2007;37:1020–35. | PubMed | CrossRef 65. . Clinical evaluation of the model AT-45 silicone accommodating intraocular lens: results of feasibility and the initial phase of a Food and clinical trial. Ophthalmology 2001;108:2005–9. | PubMed | CrossRef 66. . Short-term adaptive modification of dynamic ocular accommodation. 2009;50:3520–8. | PubMed | CrossRef 67. -Mazars K. Saccade dynamics before, during, and after saccadic adaptation in humans. 2008;49:604–12. | PubMed | CrossRef 68. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and publications related to accommodation dynamics and oculomotor control but does not mention smart lenses, UV protection, or vision clarity. Therefore, it does not provide supporting or contrasting information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Continue reading for your careful consideration of my feedback. I found the graphics much improved. Please ensure that men are included when considering contraceptive choice. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: family planning, social science research, KM, research translation I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2022, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: This paper seeks to as answer several critical questions on the impact of FP2020’s goal of 120 million additional users (“120x20”), specifically whether certain groups of women were systematically left behind. I believe it makes an important contribution by providing. . . Continue reading paper seeks to as answer several critical questions on the impact of FP2020’s goal of 120 million additional users (“120x20”), specifically whether certain groups of women were systematically left behind. I believe it makes an important contribution by providing an early indication that groups of women who are generally disadvantaged do not appear to have been left behind in FP2020 commitment countries. However, I think this is fundamentally different from questions around equity. see it, this paper’s contribution is not as the definitive answer to the elusive “equity” question in FP but rather to ascertain whether data from a select set of commitment countries indicates that progress under FP2020 exacerbated gaps in use between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. While it is difficult to draw many clear conclusions from this analysis (as nearly all results are inconsistent across countries), the results presented indicate that among FP2020 commitment countries there were not systematically greater MCP gains by the most advantaged women. This is a substantial finding that is almost buried under discussions about equity, programs and policies to which the data used does not directly speak. To strengthen this paper and to make the results and interpretation more robust, I suggest the authors stick more closely to the stated and important goal of ascertaining whether “increases in mCPR did not vary significantly in more disadvantaged groups” since the 2012 London Summit. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding ancient civilizations and their written records. It discusses feedback on a scientific submission related to family planning and social science research, which is unrelated to the topic of ancient civilizations and their documentation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Continue to carry out research within the opportunities presented by the investigation of human genetic variation and to present these findings to users of this information for the benefit of all. Organization (NuGO)NuGO was established as an association of 23 universities and research institutes focusing on jointly developing the exiting research area of nutrigenomics and nutritional systems biology. NuGO evolved from an EU Network of Excellence and has now transitioned into a global association encompassing individuals and institutions around the globe. NuGO has two major objectives: 1. stimulating developments in nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, and nutritional systems biology and incorporating these aspects in nutrition and health research, by joint research projects, conferences, workshops, and training. As a legal, nonprofit entity, NuGO can join as partner in research projects anywhere in the world. 2. shaping the nutrition bioinformatics infrastructure, by initiating, coordinating, facilitating projects in this area and by hosting and disseminating all data, results and information in this area. The common goals of nutrigenomic community and the established committees to develop action plans to meet the 10 key objectives, which overlap or parallel the goals described in a consensus statement authored by 89 international scientists in the nutrigenomics community [34], which was co-authored by the members of NuGO. The parallel objectives of the HVP and NuGO are the common grounds upon which the two scientific communities base their interaction, as schematically described in Fig. 1. The HVP captures and classifies genetic variation from voluntary contributions from unlinked clinical, research, diagnostic, and service laboratories. The nutrigenomic community had not specifically designated the identification and characterization of variation as a goal, even though many researchers interested in nutrient–phenotype associations use that knowledge in their experiments (e. g. , [45, 56]). The emerging consensus that rare polymorphisms (i. e. , <1% in the population) and copy number variants [46] may influence health, disease, and nutrient–gene interactions makes it imperative that nutrigenomic researchers adopt and use sequence technologies and methods as a part of their experimental design and procedures. Assessment of pathogenicity—the phenotypeDeleterious gene–phenotype associations are described as pathogenicity in clinical settings and are described by genetic, clinical phenotype, and pathology. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the goals of the NuGO organization, which focuses on developments in nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, and nutritional systems biology. It indicates that these fields incorporate aspects of nutrition and health research, which aligns with the exploration of the interaction between diet and genes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Smart contact lenses will replace all wearable health devices within a few years. [SEP] Text: As well as providing continuous monitoring of a patient’s condition, another major benefit of Chi Hwan’s wearable devices is their ability to record a patient’s biosignals while they are at home and then to automatically send a report to their doctor. “This means patients do not need to frequently travel to a clinic, which is particularly helpful for those living in rural areas or with limited mobility,” explains. ? “The human skin and eye are soft, curvilinear and sensitive to pain,” explains Chi Hwan. “Therefore, wearable biomedical devices must have mechanical softness, flexibility, stretchability and breathability, without side effects such as discomfort, pain or tissue damage. ” A major challenge for designing smart contact lenses is that the fabrication of wireless sensors typically requires high temperatures and corrosive chemicals, which is why electronic circuits are normally built on hard materials. However, these rigid materials are unsuitable for use in the human eye, so and his team had to develop novel techniques for creating soft and stretchable sensors that could be placed on various commercial brands of soft contact lenses. They developed a ‘peeling technique’, whereby the electronic components are constructed on conventional fabrication substrates that can withstand high temperatures and corrosive chemicals but can then be thinly peeled off and transferred elsewhere. This means the sensors can exist on flexible, stretchable, transparent or biodegradable substrates, including soft contact lenses. ? Chi Hwan’s team has developed a soft, ultrathin, wireless sensor to measure ocular pressure, which can be attached to commercial soft contact lenses. “This allows continuous 24-hour monitoring of ocular pressure for glaucoma patients, even during sleep,” he explains. As well as monitoring eye conditions, smart contact lenses can also treat them, by injecting drugs directly into the eye. “Ocular drug delivery remains a grand challenge due to the complex structure of the eye,” says Chi Hwan. Download the 10. 33424/303 Link to the activity sheet Download the Share 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 participant wearing a smart soft contact lens during the continuous monitoring of ocular pressure © : 10. 1038/s41467-022-33254-4 A tear-soluble contact lens with silicon nanoneedles for painless and long-term sustained drug delivery © : 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the current advantages and limitations of both smart contact lenses and wearable health devices. While it highlights that smart contact lenses can provide continuous monitoring and treat ocular conditions, it also emphasizes the challenges in their development, like the need for soft, flexible materials suitable for the human eye. Additionally, the mention of existing wearable biomedical devices shows that these devices still serve an important role in health monitoring, indicating that smart contact lenses will not entirely replace them in the near future.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Detailed feedback: I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. I question the appropriateness of MCP growth for this analysis. Without some underlying or contextual measure of demand or access, using MCP alone to measure equity implies that there is some ideal level of MCP across all populations – and the higher, the better (in contradiction to the FP2020 principles of agency and autonomy referenced). Could the authors look at changes in demand satisfied, arguably a more appropriate measure of equity given the different underlying levels of demand for contraception among population sub-groups? Flawed though unmet need is as a direct measure of demand for contraception, including it as a backdrop here (via demand satisfied) would better contextualize “equitable” FP changes. If the authors choose to stick with MCP change, this should be more clearly addressed as an (acceptable) limitation. It would also be good to better contextualize demand/unmet need in the context of the FP2020 goal (i. e. , the 120x20 goal was devised against the backdrop of more than 230 million women with unmet need) and in interpreting the results. The paper is fundamentally asking about the impact of the FP2020 initiative, but there is no counterfactual or contextual information about what differential mCPR growth looked like prior to FP2020, nor a recognition of the limitation of comparing two-point estimates, especially among sometimes small sub-groups. FP2020 shifted our field to track progress using model-based estimates from FPET to overcome limitations of tracking changes between two surveys. Did the authors consider a modified FPET to see to what degree different sub-groups in countries followed or outperformed the pre-FP2020 trajectories that would have been expected? The question of whether some women (e. g. , the poor or those with no education) are systematically left behind is different from questions of equity. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses issues related to contraceptive use and programmatic policies in contemporary analysis rather than addressing the existence or absence of written records from ancient civilizations. There are no references or implications regarding ancient civilizations or their documentation in the provided text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: ([44]) targets populations not previously included in the HapMap project, similar to the 1,000 Genomes initiative. The main focus of the HVP effort is the inclusion and analyses of clinical samples from diverse ethnic groups. One of the advantages of including some ethnic populations is the opportunity to study genetic diseases due to consanguinity, large family size, and potential founder effects (e. g. , [10, 11, 52]). Although nutrigenomic researchers do not necessarily include such populations, unique genetic groups may yield valuable insights into understanding the distribution of gene–nutrient interactions in health and disease processes [32]. Biomedical research has not typically been the focus of resource for poor countries, even though such activities are likely to produce economic and health benefits for all [20, 54]. The recently announced global alliance for chronic disease (GACD—[19]) addresses the increasing consensus that emerging economies face not only malnutrition but also the development of chronic diseases, a double economic and health burden. Education of health care providers, the public, and government officials is needed for demonstrating the universal nature of the HVP’s and NuGO’s research efforts, the need to include populations in developing countries, and the benefits from cooperating in biomedical research ([8, 13, 53, 62]. for (NCMHD) recently called for a paradigm shift to include minority, low socioeconomic and rural populations, and individuals in biomedical research [21, 22]. From the perspective of the science underlying both the HVP and nutrigenomic research efforts, understanding the full spectrum of genetic or metabolic spectra will not be possible without the involvement of all ancestral groups. Including these populations and individuals may allow for a more rapid translation of basic science to society. Community-based participatory research collaborations may provide forums for addressing cultural and ethical concerns of biomedical research [40]. The genomic sovereignty/equality for all countries to be involved in their research efforts is an accepted norm of the HVP and nutrigenomic research communities. The value of ‘human capital’ within all populations is acknowledged and treasured. Real and tangible benefits of biomedical research to improve health will be generated for participating populations; the voluntary participation of the greatest number of countries would ensure targeted interventions to improve personal and public health. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the involvement of nutrigenomic research with diverse populations, highlighting the importance of studying gene-nutrient interactions. It states that unique genetic groups may provide valuable insights into understanding these interactions, which inherently aligns with the focus of nutrigenomics on the relationship between diet and genetic makeup.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: How can smart contact lenses monitor and treat eye conditions? Published: October 4, 2022 More than 3 million people live with glaucoma in the United States, an eye disease that is the world’s second leading cause of blindness. is using his skills as a biomedical engineer to develop smart contact lenses that can both monitor the condition and deliver drugs to combat it. — the fraction of a drug that enters the body and has an active effect — a signal in living organisms that can be measured e. g. , heart rate — the transparent layer forming the front of the eye — an eye condition in which increased pressure within the eyeball can lead to an eventual loss of sight — an adjective describing something concerned with the eye or vision — an electronic device that can be comfortably worn on the body while performing a specific medical function Imagine wearing contact lenses that could not only monitor your eyes to check for diseases, but could also send reports to your doctor and administer drugs directly into your eyes to improve your condition, all while you are sat in the comfort of your own home. This futuristic-sounding type of healthcare could soon become a reality. Hwan Lee, associate professor of biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering at Purdue University, is developing smart contact lenses that can do just that. Biomedical engineering lies at the heart of medical technology, where researchers collaborate with healthcare practitioners to develop new and innovative devices that can improve the lives of patients. Chi Hwan’s research group is designing wearable biomedical devices that can be attached to a patient’s eye or skin to monitor or treat specific health conditions. ? Wearable sensors can be tailored to monitor a range of physical (e. g. , pressure and strain), electrophysical (e. g. , heart and muscle activities) and electrochemical (e. g. , chemicals in blood or sweat) biosignals. For example, sensors attached to the skin under the chin could be used to monitor muscle activity in individuals suffering from swallowing disorders, and contact lenses could monitor ocular pressure in those suffering from glaucoma. As more than 3 million people live with glaucoma in the United States, and it is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, finding ways to monitor the condition is essential for medical research and patient welfare. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that while smart contact lenses are being developed for monitoring and treating specific eye conditions such as glaucoma, it does not support the idea that they can detect any illness. The focus is on monitoring ocular pressure and administering drugs rather than a broad capability to detect all illnesses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: The question of how to define and measure equity in the context of FP programs is one the field continues to struggle with. I am not convinced that the authors’ definition of “equitable” gains as those that are equal to or larger among a more “disadvantaged” group suffices, as this implies an underlying goal of having consistent levels or contraceptive use across all sub-groups/dimensions of equity (regardless of demand). Likewise, is it “equitable” if any groups show slower growth or declines in MCP (as we see evidence from this analysis with some more advantaged groups)? And given starting differential in MCP across sub-groups in many countries, might we expect growth to be slower or faster depending on their placement along the s-curve? While this paper cannot answer those or all questions around the definition of equity in FP programming, it can be clearer about when it is commenting about MCP gains among groups that are generally disadvantaged with FP outcomes (e. g. , the poor, less educated, youth) versus the more elusive concept of equity. The utility of using the Index in place of the country-specific wealth measures (e. g. , DHS quintiles) is not clear to me, given that countries are the unit of analysis. The shifts in population composition with the IWI measure seems more relevant for examining the relationship between absolute levels of wealth and contraceptive use or for understanding compositional influences on changes in MCP, but not necessarily for analyzing whether within each country women who are relatively poorer or wealthier appeared to be disadvantaged by policies related to the FP2020 goal. find this analysis interesting, I don’t think it is necessary or that it strengthens the findings. It appears that a handful of other long-term FP2020 commitment countries have DHS surveys that have two surveys between 2010 and 2019 were not included (Benin, Cameroon, Guinea and Mozambique, to name a few). If the inclusion criteria are more selective than mentioned (e. g. , if one survey has to be prior to 2012), that should be specified. Alternatively, if some eligible countries were overlooked for this analysis, including them would make the findings more robust. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses concepts related to equity in family planning programs and raises questions about data analysis and definitions within this context. It does not address the claim about ancient civilizations or their written records, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics access Published: 27 December 2019 Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics Michael B. : orcid. org/0000-0003-0836-24551 & Stephen A. Watts1 Genes & Nutrition 39. 6% between 2015 and 2016 [13]. Obesity is often associated with several comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia [14]. Individuals with an obese phenotype display dysregulation of multiple genes [15]. These genes have been reported to be involved with metabolic processes and inflammatory responses. Animals that over ingest calories (usually via a high-carb or high-fat diet) leading to stored adipose are considered models of dietary-induced obesity (DIO) and can be utilized to better understand physiological or molecular events that occur as a result of obese phenotypes [16]. The first seminal research for zebrafish DIO was reported by Oka et al. [12]. This study investigated DIO by over- or underfeeding Artemia (a live diet commonly used in zebrafish culture), or by caloric restriction following overfeeding. Overfeeding zebrafish (feeding ad libitum) resulted in an increase of fish BMI (measured as g weight/cm2 length by the investigators), plasma triglycerides, and hepatic steatosis in both males and females. Along with these metrics of growth and metabolic health, 168 genes were dysregulated. Following caloric restriction, fish weight and plasma triglycerides decreased significantly and 97 genes that had been dysregulated were normalized. Genes that were affected by overfeeding were in ontologies of blood coagulation, triglyceride metabolism, platelet activation, fatty acid metabolism, and cholesterol efflux. Comparisons of genes with expressions changed by DIO in zebrafish, rats, mice, and humans show a strong similarity in metabolic pathways involved among these species. Landgraf et al. examined the effects of increased dietary calories leading to an obese phenotype by overfeeding either a high-fat diet (HFD-OF) or a normal fat diet (NFD-OF) [17]. This was evaluated only in adult male zebrafish and following 8 weeks both treatments gained weight and had increased percent body fat compared to a non-overfed control group (NFD). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how dietary changes, such as overfeeding or caloric restriction, influence gene expression in zebrafish. It states that '168 genes were dysregulated' due to overfeeding and that these findings reflect metabolic processes shaped by dietary habits, thus illustrating the interaction between diet and genes, which is fundamental to nutrigenomics.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: As well as providing continuous monitoring of a patient’s condition, another major benefit of Chi Hwan’s wearable devices is their ability to record a patient’s biosignals while they are at home and then to automatically send a report to their doctor. “This means patients do not need to frequently travel to a clinic, which is particularly helpful for those living in rural areas or with limited mobility,” explains. ? “The human skin and eye are soft, curvilinear and sensitive to pain,” explains Chi Hwan. “Therefore, wearable biomedical devices must have mechanical softness, flexibility, stretchability and breathability, without side effects such as discomfort, pain or tissue damage. ” A major challenge for designing smart contact lenses is that the fabrication of wireless sensors typically requires high temperatures and corrosive chemicals, which is why electronic circuits are normally built on hard materials. However, these rigid materials are unsuitable for use in the human eye, so and his team had to develop novel techniques for creating soft and stretchable sensors that could be placed on various commercial brands of soft contact lenses. They developed a ‘peeling technique’, whereby the electronic components are constructed on conventional fabrication substrates that can withstand high temperatures and corrosive chemicals but can then be thinly peeled off and transferred elsewhere. This means the sensors can exist on flexible, stretchable, transparent or biodegradable substrates, including soft contact lenses. ? Chi Hwan’s team has developed a soft, ultrathin, wireless sensor to measure ocular pressure, which can be attached to commercial soft contact lenses. “This allows continuous 24-hour monitoring of ocular pressure for glaucoma patients, even during sleep,” he explains. As well as monitoring eye conditions, smart contact lenses can also treat them, by injecting drugs directly into the eye. “Ocular drug delivery remains a grand challenge due to the complex structure of the eye,” says Chi Hwan. Download the 10. 33424/303 Link to the activity sheet Download the Share 0 +1 Pinterest 0 LinkedIn 0 participant wearing a smart soft contact lens during the continuous monitoring of ocular pressure © : 10. 1038/s41467-022-33254-4 A tear-soluble contact lens with silicon nanoneedles for painless and long-term sustained drug delivery © : 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that while smart contact lenses can monitor ocular pressure and treat eye conditions, they are not capable of detecting any illness in general. It specifically focuses on the functionality of continuous monitoring for glaucoma patients and does not support the assertion that these lenses can detect any illness through a scan of the eye.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Fertility, family planning, demography I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: No one left behind: has the pursuit of FP2020’s 120 million additional users goal left some women behind? [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 2 approved with reservations]. Res 2022, 5:114 ( The direct URL for this report is: Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding ancient civilizations and written records. It discusses policies related to family planning (FP2020) and evaluation of research submissions, without addressing any historical aspects of ancient civilizations or their documented records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: We should point out that there were differences in the feeding regime used in these studies. Cholesterol can contribute along with other dietary compounds to an inflammatory response. Aspartame provided in the zebrafish diet resulted independently in inflammation in the liver and brain, determined by oil-red O and hematoxylin staining [45]. When provided a diet that contained high cholesterol and aspartame, a synergistic increase in inflammatory responses was observed in these tissues. A high-cholesterol diet altered the lipid profile of zebrafish 5 to 14 days post-fertilization with a 70-fold increase in oxidized cholesterol esters [46]. A homogenate prepared from these zebrafish increased murine macrophage cell surface area and resulted in increased phosphorylation of ERK1+2, AKT, and JNK. Stoletov et al. [47] studied high-cholesterol diets to understand inflammation and arterial lipid accumulation. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in increased circulating cholesterol, altered lipoprotein profile, and increased macrophage activity in transplanted murine myeloid cells. High cholesterol also increased PLA2 activity, which is associated with increased CVD risk in humans by an unknown mechanism [48]. A high-cholesterol diet increased circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose and raised cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) activity compared to a control diet [49]. Inclusion of a high-cholesterol diet with dried acai, a potent anti-oxidant berry of the acai palm, decreased circulating cholesterol and glucose compared to the high-cholesterol diet alone and fully returned CETP activity to the lower activity level of the control diet. Higher CETP activity is related to cardiovascular disease in some populations [50]. Pharmacological treatments to inhibit CETP activity in clinical trials have had many negative results or are ongoing [51]. Two cholesterol maintenance drugs commonly prescribed, ezetimibe and simvastatin, ameliorate the high circulating levels of cholesterol that occurs in zebrafish when they are fed a high-cholesterol diet [52], further supporting the use of zebrafish in translational research. Bioactive dietary compoundsZebrafish have recently been used to explore dietary bioactive compounds that impact disease onset and progression. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how dietary bioactive compounds, specifically high-cholesterol diets and their effects, impact gene expression and disease progression in zebrafish. It mentions that zebrafish have been used to explore these interactions, supporting the idea that nutrigenomics investigates how diet influences genetic and metabolic responses.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: 1126/sciadv. abn1772 A horse wearing a smart textile during the continuous monitoring of health conditions © : 10. 1002/adma. 202108021 Eyedrops and ointments that are traditionally used to administer ocular drugs have a very low bioavailability. Less than 5% of eyedrop medication reaches its target, as our eyes are designed to prevent foreign substances from entering. “This means larger or more frequent doses are required,” says Chi Hwan, “which burdens the patient and increases the risk of side effects such as blurred vision and discomfort. ” In response to this, has developed tear-soluble contact lenses equipped with biodegradable nanoneedles that can inject drugs directly into the required location. “When a patient inserts the contact lens, the nanoneedles penetrate the cornea in a minimally-invasive manner and then undergo gradual degradation over the course of several months while providing sustained, painless delivery of ocular drugs,” he explains. “The contact lens itself dissolves in tear fluid within a few minutes. ” These drug delivery contact lenses will be useful for treating chronic ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, as they will provide painless, long-term, sustained drug delivery to the patient’s eye. ? and the team are also designing other wearable biomedical devices. They are integrating electronics (such as heart rate sensors) into fabric textiles, creating fabrics that can monitor health conditions while also retaining their original wearability and breathability. A key condition of these electronic textiles is that they can be worn multiple times and can survive for multiple laundry cycles. These electronic textiles have recently been applied in a wearable biomedical device for horses. The team created a horse blanket containing multiple sensors that continuously monitor the horse’s heart rate, muscle activity and breathing rate. This allows the horse owner to monitor the horse’s health over long periods of time, whether they are galloping through a field or asleep in their stable. ? “My next steps will be to bring the research outcomes out of university and into clinical practice so many people can benefit from using our technologies,” says Chi Hwan. He hopes that, after extensive clinical trials, his wearable biomedical devices will become commercially available, enhancing and advancing the care of patients with a wide range of health conditions. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing the functionality of the contact lenses as a method for drug delivery rather than illness detection. It explains how the lenses inject drugs into the eye to treat chronic ocular diseases, not to scan or diagnose illnesses, which undermines the claim that these lenses can detect any illness.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses an analysis of a family planning program and its implications in Malawi, focusing on policy assessments and survey data. There is no mention of ancient civilizations or their written records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: Anserine and creatine, reported as anti-obesity therapeutics from mice studies [53, 54], were proffered to overfed zebrafish DIO models to explore hepatic gene expression leading to lipid metabolism alterations in obese phenotypes with related comorbidities [55]. These bioactive food compounds ameliorated the impact of an obesogenic diet on symptoms of metabolic disorders such as high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis and normalized expression changes of genes related to lipid metabolism. When zebrafish were provided an obesogenic diet of increased calories and containing green tea extract (GTE), protective effects were observed [56]. In both males and females, visceral and total body fat increased when fish were provided an obesogenic diet, but the inclusion of GTE reduced visceral and total body fat increases. Males and females both increased total body weight on the obesogenic diet, but only females decreased in total body weight compared to DIO fish when GTE was included in the diet. The highest dietary inclusion of GTE in females increased liver expression of the lipid catabolism gene acox1, acadm, and ppara and decreased socs3 adipose expression, which affects leptin levels. Another study on the effects of GTE showed females provided a high-fat diet supplemented with GTE had increased citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity compared to females fed a high-fat diet without GTE supplementation [57]. Zebrafish provided an obesogenic diet with the inclusion of Campari tomatoes (high in lycopene and beta-carotene) showed reduced weight gain and reduced triglycerides [58]. Expression of a number of genes relating to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate transport, and cell cycling, among others, was altered in the liver. Peels of the Japanese citrus fruit Yuzu (Citrus junos), which contains several bioactive compounds, also impacted DIO fish by reducing triglycerides and hepatic steatosis [59]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the impact of various dietary components, such as an obesogenic diet and green tea extract (GTE), on gene expression related to lipid metabolism in zebrafish. It highlights how certain bioactive food compounds influence gene expression and metabolic outcomes, thus illustrating the interaction between diet and genes as emphasized in the field of nutrigenomics.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: Therefore, we may see an increasing trend in corneal disorders related to the unregulated use of Cos-CLs. 1–5 Lens materials and surfaces play an important role in the adherence of bacteria to the lens surface6–9 and are also believed to influence the manifestation of microbial keratitis related to contact lens (CL) wear. 7–9 Given the potential role of Cos-CLs in microbial infections, a better understanding of the nature of the tinted surfaces in such lenses is desirable. Additionally, if colorants, which are printed, dot-matrix patterned tint on the anterior/posterior lens surfaces, potentially induce changes in corneal epithelial cells,10,11 the elements of those colorants should be fully published; however, this information is mostly unknown, or the characteristics including the manufacturing methods used for colorants are unclear in the information provided on the Internet. In the 1. TABLE 1: Information of in or PackagesFor evaluation by SEM-EDX, the Cos-CLs were first washed by soaking for 10 min in their blister package with ultrapure water (Milli-Q academic; Merck Co. , Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) after withdrawal of original saline in the package, cut to the suitable size, and then desiccated on a cellulose-mixed ester membrane filter (Co. , Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) to flatten the lens. Specifically, the lenses were cut into approximate quarters before desiccation, and individual pieces were made and then desiccated. Afterward, the pieces were manually broken using clean, sterile forceps, and the piece that was apparently flat was observed using SEM. Both lens surfaces (both anterior and posterior) of all lenses were examined using the TM3030 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Instruments Co. , Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). After localizing the colorant, elemental analysis and their distribution maps were measured by an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy using Quantax 70 (). When colorants were located inside the lenses, the cross sections of the lenses were examined to measure the depth, and the elements were also analyzed using the same instruments as described above. and EDX-Surface observations for each lens are shown in Table 2. Regarding EDX-mapping, carbon and oxygen are found to be diffusely distributed throughout lenses. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the materials and characteristics of the lenses, specifically addressing corneal disorders and microbial infections associated with contact lens use. It does not provide any evidence that these lenses have the capability to detect illnesses; instead, it focuses on the potential problems and unknowns related to the lenses' designs and materials.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: We have added this note into the discussion. Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses feedback on a paper regarding family planning policies and data analysis without addressing or providing any information related to ancient civilizations or their written records.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: In the liver pparab and its targets acox1 and acadm were upregulated, and in adipose pparg, acox1, and adipoqb, which regulate adipose differentiation, were also upregulated in fish provided an obesogenic diet with Yuzu fruit peel supplementation compared to fish given a non-supplemented obesogenic diet. Caffeine has been shown to ameliorate the hepatic effects of overfeeding and decreases weight, circulating triglycerides, and steatosis [60]. Caffeine also regulated expression of lipogenesis genes aco, srebp1, acc1, cd36, and ucp2; endoplasmic reticulum stress genes perk, ire1, atf6, and bip; inflammatory cytokines genes il-1β and tnfa; and autophagy genes atg12 and beclin-1. Carbohydrate metabolism and β-cell functionFang et al. evaluated impacts of a high-carbohydrate (60% maltodextrin), low-protein dietary challenge in early life time-periods (larval stages between 3 and 10 days post hatch), and nutritional programming effects at 16 weeks with a high-carbohydrate low-protein dietary challenge (35% maltodextrin) [61]. In early life dietary challenges, expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes including gk, pk, g6pase, amy, pepck, and sglt-1 was differentially regulated in an age- and dietary-dependent manner. The dietary challenges at 16 weeks suggest metabolic programming by the initial high carbohydrate exposure. Both gene expression of all prior evaluated genes (except for g6pase) and activities of their respective enzymes were dependent upon initial exposure to differing dietary challenge. Rocha et al. [62] examined the consequences of early high carbohydrate exposure modulates later response by injecting zebrafish embryo yolks at 1-dpf with glucose or a saline vehicle and at 24-dpf they were provided a high-carbohydrate diet. Zebrafish that had received the 1-dpf glucose injection had decreased pkl and increased hk1 expression in viscera and increased 6pfk expression in muscle, all of which are related to alterations in gluconeogenesis. Seiliez et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various aspects of gene expression in response to different dietary challenges. It illustrates how specific diets, such as an obesogenic diet with Yuzu fruit peel supplementation and high-carbohydrate diets, influence the regulation of gene expression related to metabolism, indicating an interaction between diet and genetic factors.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-123877/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published01 Sep, 2021Read the published version in Asia-of Ophthalmology →Version 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The retinal ischemic changes in DR need to be detected and treated appropriately to prevent further progression. At present, fluorescein angiography (FA) is the most commonly used method to detect the ischemic areas. We present our results that showed a practical method of detecting retinal ischemic area covering mid-peripheral retina by multicolor widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) without fluorescein. Ninety patients with and 50 patients without diabetes mellitus were studied retrospectively. All had undergone multicolor widefield SLO imaging. Hyporeflective areas in blue image of SLO were found in the incidence of 76. 6% in eyes with proliferative DR eyes. In a comparison of the hyporeflective areas of the blue SLO images to the non-perfused areas in the FA images, the appearance and the correspondence in the locations of these findings in the two types of images were found, and the incidence were highly concordant with Cohen kappa value of 0. 785. The high concordance between the hyporeflective areas in the wide-field blue SLO images and the NPAs in the FA images indicates that this method can be clinically useful to identify ischemic retinal areas in DR. OphthalmologyDiabetic retinopathyfluorescein angiographyretinal non-perfused areaswidefield multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopeFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide 1–3, and a further increase in the number of diabetic patients is anticipated in the future. The increase in the incidence of DR is not only in developed but also in undeveloped countries, and it is a consequence of urbanization, population aging, and changing lifestyle 4–7. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing a specific application of multicolor widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its ischemic changes. It does not support the idea that these lenses can detect any illness broadly; rather, it indicates that the method is useful for identifying ischemic retinal areas specifically related to diabetic retinopathy.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. We have added this note into the discussion. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern Respond or 28 Jan 2022 Shiza Shiza, FP2020, Washington, 20006, USA 28 Jan 2022 Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus. . . Continue reading Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding ancient civilizations and their written records. It focuses on feedback about graphics, interpretation, and analysis related to modern contraceptive use, without any reference to ancient civilizations or their record-keeping practices.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: also looked at diets with differing protein and carbohydrate ratio by refeeding with either a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet (HPLC) or a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet (LPHC) following a 72-h starvation period [63]. Refeeding with LPHC increased hepatic gk and pk expression compared to HPLC refeeding and decreased expression of muscle acca, which functions in lipid metabolism. In zebrafish, carbohydrate metabolism can be affected by the route of exposure. Different methods of studying the impact of carbohydrate metabolism changes exist. Exposure can be accomplished by diet, glucose injection, or a transdermal exposure to a high glucose environment, all of which can result in hyperglycemia [64,65,66]. Though non-dietary studies are less directly relevant to nutrigenomics, changes in gene regulation are important and some can be discussed due to the relevant regulatory changes and nutritional programming in metabolic disorders and due to the lack of a current dietary model for insulin resistance in zebrafish. Blood glucose has been shown to increase with exposure to a high-glucose environment [67]. Following removal from a high-glucose environment, blood glucose was maintained high during a 7-day wash-out period in clean system water. Treatment with the drugs glimepiride and metformin, popular clinical treatments for type 2 diabetes, reduced blood glucose back to normal levels. Along with increasing blood glucose, transdermal glucose exposure increased insra-1, insrb-1, and insrb-2 expression in the skeletal muscle. Another study showed the drug glipizide also proved effective at reducing elevated blood glucose caused by transdermal exposure [68]. Larval exposure to transdermal glucose reduced the expression of pepck and increased expression of insa. Injection of the diabetogenic drug streptozocin reduces insulin secretion and blood glucose levels, mimicking type-1 diabetes with zebrafish recovering from these effects within 14 days of injections ending [69]. Though recovery from environmental glucose exposure occurs, differences in genome-wide CpG island methylation changes and expressions persist. Caudal fin amputation following environmental glucose exposure shows that regeneration of the tissue is compromised, and new tissue has similar changes in expression and methylation patterning considered to be metabolic memory. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the ways in which diets of differing protein and carbohydrate ratios can influence gene expression and metabolism. It specifically highlights the importance of dietary influences on gene regulation, mentioning how different diets can have varying effects on gene expression, particularly in relation to metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. The reference to gene regulation and nutritional programming aligns directly with the principles of nutrigenomics, indicating a clear interaction between diet and genes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: Accordingly, DR and its vision-threatening complications such as macular edema, proliferative DR (PDR) and neovascular glaucoma are emerging problems in ophthalmology throughout the world 8,9. The lesions in eyes with DR are most likely caused by chronic retinal ischemia in the non-perfused retinal areas (NPAs). The ischemia also causes the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cells surrounding the NPAs, and the additional VEGF induces a progression of the DR to PDR 10,11. Once NPAs are identified, they are treated by photocoagulation to prevent the development of neovascularization and the progression of nonproliferative DR (NPDR) to PDR. Fluorescein angiography (FA) has been the gold standard technique to detect the NPAs, but the recent introduction of widefield FA has been shown to be more helpful for detecting the NPAs that are widely distributed throughout the retina 12,13. However, FA is an invasive technique because it requires an intravenous injection of fluorescein, and it cannot be performed on all patients. OCT angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new technique that can detect retinal blood vessels including capillaries without requiring intravenous dye injections 14–16. The advent of widefield OCTA has allowed clinicians to examine wider areas of the fundus 17. However, obtaining clear OCTA images of the periphery by conventional OCT devices is difficult especially in eyes with media opacities. The advantages of widefield image compared to conventional devices are not only its ease in obtaining wide areas of the fundus but it also allows the acquisition of seamless images avoiding the absence of some areas of the far periphery. This is especially critical in finding all of the retinal ischemic areas in eyes with DR or RVO. At present, widefield imaging and multicolor SLO imaging can be performed by the Optos® and Mirante® () devices. The Mirante® device is a multimodal imaging ophthalmic instrument whose image covers a field of view of 163 degrees. The color images are obtained by red, green, and blue confocal lasers. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various ophthalmology techniques and devices focused specifically on detecting diabetic retinopathy and its complications, rather than suggesting that lenses can detect any illness through eye scanning. The passage describes specific conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, and mentions the limitations of techniques like fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) rather than supporting the claim of a universal illness detection capability.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. I generally found the graphics challenging to read and interpret, with the key messages not clearly represented visually. Perhaps fewer and simpler graphics could better convey the main findings. We have added interpretation to the wealth and education graphics. I’d like more discussion about implications of the findings that some advantaged groups have experienced MCP stagnation or declines. Does this imply an inequitable focus on these groups, suggesting further declines among these groups under the FP2020 “equity” approach? Unlikely, but this could still have implications about how the FP2030 defines equity moving forward. After reinforcing their message that in its aim of reaching 120 million additional users FP2020 does not seem to have widened the use gap between advantaged and disadvantaged women, I’d encourage the authors to give a bit more consideration to their findings on MCP declines among several more advantaged groups and the implications this might have for FP2030. The changes in modern contraceptive use among the most advantage groups (e. g. most education, richest, oldest, urban) were not significant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the evaluation of family planning policies and their impacts in Malawi and does not mention ancient civilizations or their written records. Thus, it neither supports nor contradicts the claim but rather focuses on a different subject altogether.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of nutrigenomics explores the interaction between diet and genes. [SEP] Text: The multiple ribosomal genes evaluated in this study had expression changes correlated to colorectal carcinoma, adenocarcinomas, and DNA integrity, though not in the skeletal muscle [75,76,77,78]. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are another class of environmental contaminants that can enter the body via dietary exposure. A diet contaminated by PAHs decreased survival and increased formation of global neoplasms with bile duct epithelial being the most susceptible [79]. Expression of the gene cyp1a, which is related to both circadian rhythm and detoxification, increased following ingestion of the PAH contaminated diets [80]. Expression of ahr2, which codes for a receptor that binds aromatic compounds, was unaffected by the PAH-contaminated diets except at the highest concentration where repression was observed [81]. Zebrafish consuming feed contaminated with TCDD (dioxin) resulted in dose- and time-dependent bioaccumulation and formation of lesions in multiple organs [82]. Microarray produced expression changes related to several genetic ontologies and pathways including cardiac fibrosis, lipid transport, metabolic processes, DNA replication, as well as cardiac, renal, and liver necrosis among others. A diet containing the 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in weight, neoplasm formation, and mortality [83]. A diet contaminated with the carcinogen methylnitronitrosoguanidine showed no impact on zebrafish weight, survival, or neoplasm formation [84]. This was different from the profound effects of transdermal exposure or injection that formed neoplasms at a low dosage. Vitamin and mineral deficiencyRetinoic acid (RA), one of the forms of vitamin A, was supplemented in diets for adult zebrafish [85]. Adult female zebrafish were initially fed a control diet and then transferred to either control, RA-supplemented diet, control diet and DEAB (which inhibits de novo RA synthesis), or control diet and DEAB with the RA supplement. All females that were treated with DEAB had reduced egg production 5 days after the diets were changed suggesting low RA levels inhibit egg production. The RA-supplemented diet maintained egg production similar to the control diet until 9 days after the diet was changed, and suggested an over supplementation of RA inhibits egg production. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it discusses various dietary exposures and their effects on gene expression, particularly in zebrafish. For instance, it mentions how the expression of the gene cyp1a increased following the ingestion of PAH-contaminated diets, highlighting the interaction between diet (the presence of PAHs) and genetic expression. Additionally, the text addresses the impact of different diets on genetic pathways and health outcomes, thereby illustrating the principles of nutrigenomics.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: These lenses can detect any illness by scanning the eye. [SEP] Text: Although the field of view of this instrument is narrower than Optos® which has a 200 degree field of view, the Mirante® has an additional blue laser with the green and red lasers. Thus, the characteristics of the images obtained by SLO are different. When a widefield color image is recorded, the original single blue, green, and red SLO images are obtained simultaneously. In the multicolor SLO, the appearance of the lesion is different for each color image because the penetration of the different colors of laser is different 18,19. Shin et al. reported that the hyporeflective areas in the red-free blue SLO images corresponded with the NPAs in eyes with DR and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) 20. However, they used an SLO with the conventional field of view, and the smaller visual field of view was a limitation because NPAs in DR or RVO are frequently seen in the mid-periphery of the fundus. Recent availability of widefield image in blue SLO by has allowed us to examine a wider area of the retina. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance of widefield blue SLO and FA findings throughout fundus and to evaluate the usefulness of new method in detecting vast NPAs of DR in this non-invasive and relatively easy method. design and study was retrospective observational case series. We examined the medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM controls who had been examined in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology and at (TMDU). All of the subjects had undergone multicolor widefield SLO imaging with the Mirante® device () between February 2020 and July 2020. The DM eyes were classified as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), or less than mild NPDR according to the classification by global diabetic retinopathy project group 25. The control patients included those with RVO and other retinal diseases that can develop NPAs. Eyes with other disorders not affecting the retina such as anterior uveitis, dry eyes, cataracts, or the unaffected fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal disorders served as controls. Patients excluded were those under 20-years-of-age, and those whose SLO images were not clear due to media opacities. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the limitations and specific applications of the Mirante® device, which suggests that while it can examine certain eye conditions, it does not imply that it can detect any illness broadly. It emphasizes that the study aims to evaluate the detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using this device, highlighting its limitations regarding the visual field and specific conditions rather than a comprehensive ability to detect all illnesses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every ancient civilization has left behind detailed written records. [SEP] Text: We have added this note into the discussion. Overall, we found your feedback to be incredibly helpful. Thank you for taking the time to make comments. Specific questions are addressed below. I suggest the authors focus the scope of this analysis and interpretation more specifically on the contraceptive use (or demand satisfied – see point #3) outcomes they can directly measure with DHS and MICS data used here. Though the authors say “we examine FP2020 country data and policies for signs of inequity” the data and methods in this paper do not allow it to comment directly on the focus of programs or policies. Such an analysis would require more comprehensive (not just selective) data on programmatic and policy decisions, with adequate lag time for analysis. We agree we would need additional data to discuss how program and policies impacted MCPR gains. Hence why it is not a focus of this paper and we removed any 2019. Is there a reason for using the Bangladesh 2014 DHS and not the 2017-18 survey? Unless there is a compelling reason related to the data, using the 2017-18 survey instead will provide a longer time lapse to better measure cumulative influence of FP2020. We only included surveys that were released by June 2019 and the Bangladesh 2017-18 had not been released by June 2019. The selective citing of policies related to increases in MCP among certain groups (e. g. , Malawi’s focus on youth) distracts from the overall finding/message (that FP2020 commitments, as they were applied within countries, did not seem to exacerbate inequalities writ large). These policies are also cited inconsistently – e. g. , credited for MCP gains among Malawi youth but no such policy is cited for the substantial gains among Malawi’s uneducated women – and thus come across as selective. On the first point, the overall focus of the paper is to assess if FP2020’s 120 million goal exacerbated inequities in countries. The focus of the paper is not on the country commitments themselves. We use the Malawi example to show that countries focused on implementing policies that supported reducing inequities. On the second point, we cited that Malawi prioritized youth access to family planning in their Strategy 2015-2020. The same policy also highlights the importance of education and prioritizing educational attainment among adolescent girls – we just did not cite this directly in the paper. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about ancient civilizations and their written records. It discusses feedback on a paper related to family planning and programmatic policies, with no mention of ancient civilizations or written records.