Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: A Path Forward: ’ Rather than states enacting one-off solutions, especially in the face of a crisis, state legislatures should mutually recognize each other’s medical licenses. While others have previously called for mutual recognition, the IMLC’s now-apparent shortcomings, the COVID-19-induced demand for telemedicine, and the pandemic’s clear demonstration of the need for interstate flexibility have heightened the urgency around this issue. Simultaneously, the utility of cross-state practice, its effectiveness—especially for telemedicine—and its patient-centricity have driven calls to adopt such reciprocity, as and colleagues have recently argued. A Successful Model: And we have seen a system of mutual recognition, the Compact (NLC), succeed in action. Under the NLC, all participating states recognize a registered or vocational/practical nursing license that the nurse’s home state issues. Standardized requirements ensure nurse quality: To obtain a multistate license, nurses must graduate from an approved education program, pass a standardized exam, complete an FBI criminal background check, not have committed any felonies, and hold an unencumbered license. A national commission maintains a centralized database with final state disciplinary actions, participation in alternative programs, and significant investigative information; states granting a license must query this system. Just as under the IMLC, nurses remain subject to laws of each state in which they practice, and state nursing boards cooperate on disciplinary issues. The NLC has, thus far, proven successful. Since adoption of the current NLC in 2015, 33 states, including Texas, Florida, and North Carolina, have fully implemented the Compact, although certain large states, including Illinois, New York, and California, have not. Furthermore, the Nurses Association, in a July 2020 evaluation of whether Pennsylvania should join the NLC, “surveyed 15 state affiliates of the Association (ANA) on their nurses’ experiences with the NLC. The results of the survey were overwhelmingly positive. ” of mutual recognition have argued that, since clinicians need not register before practicing away from their home state, states will lose the ability to effectively monitor clinicians, potentially harming their residents. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations and challenges associated with telehealth, specifically highlighting the need for mutual recognition of medical licenses and the regulatory hurdles that could impede its effectiveness. It suggests that while telemedicine is valuable, particularly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are concerns about the ability to monitor clinicians practicing across state lines, indicating that telehealth cannot fully replace in-person consultations without addressing these structural issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: 85 30 Chile 1. 717 0. 065 0. 018 1. 59 1. 81 12 Spain 1. 709 0. 069 0. 013 1. 57 1. 83 28 Turkey 1. 737 0. 070 0. 013 1. 60 1. 88 26 Total 1. 720 0. 068 0. 014 1. 57 1. 84 149 DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 3531/table-1 Notes: Values are given as mean, standard deviation and standard error of the mean. The minimum and maximum values and the number of analyzed individuals (N) for genome size estimations are also provided. The genome size value we obtained for California (1. 72 pg/2C, SD = 0. 07 pg) was similar to the one previously reported for (1. 66 pg/2C, SD = 0. 07 pg), by Miskella (2014) and, overall, genome sizes were similar among the six world regions. In conclusion, our thorough sampling of the most representative native and non-native populations across the world’s distribution of C. solstitialis indicates that its invasive success is not due to changes in genome size or ploidy level. We cannot discard that some individuals in some unsampled populations could present some degree of polyploidy, but their role in invasive success, to date, would have been of minor importance. Geographic locations of Centaurea solstitialis populations investigated and their average genome size values DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 3531/supp-1 size and coefficient of variation values for every individual analyzed DOI: 10. 7717/peerj. 3531/supp-2 We are grateful to Joan Vallès (Barcelona) and three other anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the previous version of this manuscript. J. Lortie is an for PeerJ. The authors declare there are no competing interests. Ramona-and João Loureiro conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper. conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, wrote the paper, prepared figures and/or tables, reviewed drafts of the paper, collected plant seeds. Özkan Eren, Christopher J. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about individual responses to environmental stimuli. It focuses on genome size estimations and invasive success in Centaurea solstitialis across different populations without discussing variations in individual responses to stimuli.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are designed to operate in deeper waters than traditional wind farms. [SEP] Text: Land-use conflicts, together with the growing demand for green energy and the untapped offshore wind potential, contribute to the development of OWFs. It remains an open research question regarding their sustainable siting. This is because: (i) there is a need for the islands to generate energy on their own; (ii) there are long distances to the mainland; and (iii) there is a high potential for offshore wind. In most cases, wind power potential is located at sea and primarily in areas with significant depth, making it impossible to install fixed wind turbines. Clean energy could be produced by floating wind farms, which can be deployed in deep waters. As part of the next stage, it is essential to consider both the potential visual impact of the emerging sites as well as the techno-economic assessment to ensure their acceptability. In the first stage of this study, the objective was to examine the most commonly used methods and to identify what suggestions might be made to improve this approach. The aim was to evaluate already published methodologies in peer-reviewed papers during the last eight years, compare them, and identify them according to their geographical location, journal type, foundation type, and methodology dimension. The reviewed 205. 5 km2; 126. 25 km2 of high suitability with a potential of 620 to 900 MW. Additionally, the role floating wind farms can play in the case of Crete is emphasized, as they can cover up to 56% of the island's energy needs and provide electricity for 396,000 households. The techno-economic analysis revealed a range of values for energy, focusing on the middle and highest values. As a result of this observation, it was possible to determine the most ideal scenario for investment efficiency. Through its analytical approach, this thesis examined the factors that affect the efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness of offshore wind energy in this special region, highlighting the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of this technology. As a final step, a strategic direction for political, economic, and environmental decision-making is provided. Lastly, the results of visual impact methodologies indicated that the original Spanish method deviated by 88. 0% from the public opinion, and, therefore, that the method needs to be improved considering current data. On the contrary, one of the new suggested scenarios was verified to be more concise and accurate, reaching a deviation of 19. 7%. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the potential for floating wind farms, which can be deployed in deep waters, unlike traditional fixed wind turbines that cannot be installed in areas with significant depth. This is supported by statements in the text that highlight the need for clean energy production in offshore areas characterized by depth, indicating that these farms are indeed designed to operate in deeper waters.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Log in or to journalnew issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Subscribe to e0611. E-mail: [email protected]. All participants consented to participate in the study. This study was deemed exempt by the Board (No. STU00213337) Data with encrypted personal information can be made available by emailing the authors and providing a project proposal. Data are not available publicly because of privacy concerns. The authors received financial support from the Area of program through the School of Medicine for statistical support and presentation of data at conferences. Supplemental digital content is available for this 2023. This is an open-access 4. 0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Journal of 19(4):p 223-230, 10/12 2023. | DOI: 10. 1097/JFN. 0000000000000444 has shown the viability of telehealth consultations to provide medical forensic services, particularly in areas with a dearth of medical examiners. This study examined Illinois hospital administrators' willingness to utilize telehealth to meet new requirements under Act 100-0775, which intends to increase timely access to quality forensic examiners. Consequently, as of March 2021, roughly half of Illinois hospitals unable to meet these requirements have opted not to treat some or all patients presenting for medical forensic services of sexual assault. surveyed and conducted in-depth interviews (between October 2020 and April 2021) with 65 hospital administrators responsible for implementing Act 100-0775. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze survey results. study found limited staffing resources and difficulties educating and training new forensic medical examiners were the major barriers to providing acute medical forensic services. The overwhelming majority of respondents (95%) saw opportunities to use telehealth across all aspects of the medical forsenic evaluation. Barriers to implementing telehealth included perceived patient discomfort with telehealth technology and current legislative restrictions. efforts to mandate timely access to qualified medical forensic examiners can unintentionally exacerbate disparities in access to care. Illinois hospital administrators are receptive to utilizing telehealth to improve access to forensic examiners, particularly in lower-resourced hospitals. method for responding to staffing shortages and improving equitable access to forensic sexual assault services may include implementing networks of qualified forensic examiners that support on-site clinicians in lower-resourced areas via telehealth. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while telehealth services can improve access to medical forensic services, especially in under-resourced areas, there are significant barriers to their implementation, such as patient discomfort with telehealth technology and regulatory limitations. This suggests that telehealth cannot completely replace in-person consultations for all medical scenarios, highlighting limitations in replacing traditional methods.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: Lortie, Kristine French, Lohengrin A. Cavieres, Gastón J. Sotes and José L. Hierro reviewed drafts of the paper, collected plant seeds. performed the experiments, reviewed drafts of the paper. The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The raw data is available as a Supplementary File. study was funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) of the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, with national funds PTDC/BIA-PLA/0763/2014. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 2006. Genome size in s. l. (Asteraceae) and Evolution 257:95-117. 2017. Population genomic analysis reveal a history of range expansion and trait evolution across the native and invaded range of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) 26(4):1131-1147. 2007. Correlated evolution of genome size and seed mass. 173:422-437. 1998. DNA amounts in two samples of angiosperm weeds. Annals of Botany 82(Suppl A):121-134 Bremer K. 1994. Asteraceae—cladistics and classification. Portland: Timber Press. Carev I, Ruščić M, Skočibušić M, Maravić A, Silijak-Yakovlev S, Politeo O. 2017. Phytochemical and cytogenetic characterization of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) from Croatia. Chemistry and Biodiversity 14(2):e1600213. 2011. Toxic equine Parkinsonism: an immuno-histochemical study of 10 horses with nigropallidal encephalomalacia. 49(2):398-402 DiTomaso JM. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. 48(2):255-265. 2015. Evolution of invasiveness through increased resource use in a vacant niche. 1 2013. Allele identification for transcriptome based population genomics in the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and research largely focused on plant species and their genomic analysis, without addressing the notion of individual responses to environmental stimuli in any context. Therefore, it does not provide support or contradiction regarding the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms have the potential to generate power for coastal cities. [SEP] Text: 8) were both high over all the stations and for the periods of study. The study concludes that Weibull model could be adopted as the best over Rayleigh for representing wind speed distributions over the coastal region and also Ikeja area can be considered as very suitable for wind turbine applications thus, the wind power potential in this area should be adequately harnessed in order to increase the power supply and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. : Wind; Weibull; Rayleigh; Energy plays an important role in all aspect of human endeavour and is required for both urban and rural needs to cater for the basic necessities of life. Wind energy is currently the most economic renewal energy apart from hydropower, its usage versatility and ability to use it as a decentralized energy form make its applications possible in rural areas where it is technically and economically feasible in the country. The major challenge to using wind as a source of electricity generation is that, wind is intermittent and it does not always blow when electricity is needed. However, wind power is one of the most promising and cost effective renewable energy sources [1]. Wind energy has been established as the world fastest growing energy source today. It grows at an average of 30% annually over the past five years and the market could reach 60,000 MW worldwide in the next five years [2]. A total of 6500 MW of wind energy generating capacity was added to grid worldwide in 2001 bringing a total wind power capacity in the world to 24000 MW. This is enough to meet the energy needs of more than 10 million households. Europe installed 4500 MW during 2001, India passed 1500 MW of the total installed wind power capacity in 2001 [2]. Prior to the planned executions of multiple gigantic power sector capital project in Nigeria, the nation’s power generation hit 4,000 MW at the beginning of 2011 according to the data released by the Company of Nigeria (PHCN) in the first quarter of the year, power generation increased from 3,800 MW to 4,000 MW. The improvement according to the data was achieved because of increased water level of hydroelectric power stations located at Kainji, Jebba and Shiroro [3]. Despite this improvement, wind energy is still at an infant stage because; it is almost an untapped renewable energy source. The participation of government, private and individual to harness the utilization of this clean and inexhaustible energy source is very important for national development. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the wind energy potential in coastal regions, stating that 'the wind power potential in this area should be adequately harnessed in order to increase the power supply.' It emphasizes that wind energy has significant promise as a renewable energy source and mentions the economic feasibility of utilizing wind energy in areas where it is technically suitable.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: For example, a study of various models of SANE staffing across 82 emergency departments (EDs) in Virginia found transferring victims off-site for SANE services led to lower quality care for patients presenting for medical forensic services. Hospitals that transferred patients presenting for medical forensic services were less likely to offer emergency contraception, screen for “date-rape” drugs, make postvisit phone calls, and keep up-to-date with staff training when compared with EDs with other staffing models such as having an on-call or on-duty SANE to provide forensic services (Plichta et al. , 2007). Given the shortage of sexual assault forensic providers, the use of telehealth to link forensic examiners to providers in areas with limited resources has been studied with promising results for improving the confidence of providers in their forensic examination skills, improved quality of care, and patient satisfaction (Miyamoto et al. , 2021; Walsh et al. , 2019). Telehealth also holds promise for improving pediatric sexual abuse care and forensic examination in areas with limited access to providers with expertise in these services, leading to higher quality evaluations, more complete examinations, and more accurate diagnoses (MacLeod et al. , 2009; Miyamoto et al. , 2014). -19 has accelerated acceptance of telehealth as a mode of healthcare delivery, with rates 38 times higher than before the pandemic (Almathami et al. , 2020; Kichloo et al. , 2020; Kruse et al. , 2017; McKinsey, 2021). On the basis of our literature review, we hypothesized that telehealth may be an acceptable method to facilitate the provision of quality care to patients presenting for medical forensic services while also increasing access to care by allowing hospitals with fewer staffing resources to serve patients with the support of QMPs via telehealth. research team at of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago conducted an exploratory survey and in-depth interviews with hospital administrators. Our study was approved by Northwestern University's institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained in accordance with the institutional review board's ethical standards. Survey participants were asked if they would also consent to an optional in-depth interview. Of those who consented, one interviewee from each designation (TRH, TH, and THAP) was randomly selected to participate for a total of three interviews. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of telehealth specifically in the context of sexual assault forensic services. It mentions that while telehealth may improve access and quality of care where there are limited resources, it does not imply that telehealth can completely replace the in-person consultations, particularly for sensitive medical forensic services where direct, hands-on care is crucial. The studies cited highlight both the improvement of telehealth in certain situational contexts and the necessity of maintaining in-person care for comprehensive services, indicating that telehealth cannot wholly supplant in-person consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: G3 Genes—Genomes—Genetics 3:359-367 Doležel J, Sgorbati S, Lucretti S. 1992. Comparison of three DNA fluorochromes for flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants. 85:625-631 van Kooten CG. 2007. Costs and losses imposed on California ranchers by yellow starthistle. & Management 60:369-377. 2012. Morphological differentiation in a common garden experiment among native and non-native specimens of the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) 7:1459-1467 örök. 2014. Dispersal pathways and genetic differentiation among worldwide populations of the invasive Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) 9:e114786. 1983. Rapid flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science 220:1049-1051 García. 2013. Invasive and non-invasive congeners show similar trait shifts between their same native and non-native ranges. 8:e82281 Gerlach JD. 1997a. How the west was lost: reconstructing the invasion dynamics of yellow starthistle and other plant invaders of western rangelands and natural areas. 3:67-72 Gerlach JD. 1997b. The introduction, dynamics of geographic range expansion and ecosystem effects of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Proceedings of 49:236-241. 2012. Invasive species grows faster, competes better, and shows greater evolution toward increased size and growth than exotic non-invasive congeners. 213:545-553 Grotkopp E, Rejmánek. 2004. Evolution of genome size in Pines (Pinus) and its life-history correlates: supertree analyses. Evolution 58:1705-1729 Guinochet M, Foissac J. 1962. Sur les Caryotypes de quelques espèces du genre Centaurea L. et leur signification taxonomique. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 109:373-389 üller-Schärer H. 2012. Increased population growth rate in invasive polyploid Centaurea stoebe in a common garden. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various scientific research articles related to genetic studies, trait shifts in invasive plants, and their impacts, but does not address the claim. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the idea that every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms have the potential to generate power for coastal cities. [SEP] Text: The study suggested that, for stations presenting a bimodal wind speed regime, mixture models or nonparametric models are necessary to model adequately wind energy. The 2-parameter Weibull distribution and the Rayleigh distribution are the Functions (pdfs) that are the most commonly used in wind speed data analysis especially for studies related to wind energy estimation [19-23]. Although, Akpinar and Akpinar [24] reported that Weibull distribution provides better power density estimation than the Rayleigh distribution over Agin- Elazig in Turkey. Safari and Gasore also applied Weibull and Rayleigh pdfs to analyze wind speed characteristics and wind power potential at a height of 10 m and extrapolated for hub-heights over Rwanda using log law. The study found that Weibull pdf proved to be the best fit for the empirical distribution [25]. This was also confirmed by the study of Ahmed et al. [7] in which the Weibull model returned a lower percentage error than the Rayleigh model in the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria. In assessing the suitability of an area in Nigeria to generating sufficient wind energy for electricity generation, Uquetan et al. [26] noted that Calabar wind can only be used for small stand-alone wind power systems, such as battery charging and for powering street light and water pumps. Similarly, Ohunakin et al. [27] found the mean wind speed of 3. 17 m/s over Uyo in the coastal area of Nigeria, with a maximum value of 3. 67 m/s in April while the corresponding mean wind power density is approximately 19. 91 W/m2 for the whole year, thereby making the selected site to fall under class 1 of the international system of wind classification. Wind energy, which remains hitherto untapped, appears promising in solving the problem of electricity shortage. Apparently, wind energy potential is exploitable in Nigeria, especially along the coastal towns where stronger wind speeds are sufficiently available throughout the year [5]. Therefore, this study focused on the quantitative investigation of wind power potential over some selected wind sites in the coastal region of Nigeria using 2-parameter Weibull distribution and Rayleigh distribution, which will enhance economic growth through the improvement in the power supply in the region. area This study looks at the coastal region of Nigeria due to its close proximity with the that brings about the distribution of wind fields in the region. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting the potential of wind energy in Nigeria, particularly in coastal areas with suitable wind speeds. It states that 'wind energy potential is exploitable in Nigeria, especially along the coastal towns where stronger wind speeds are sufficiently available throughout the year,' thereby supporting the idea that floating wind farms can generate power for coastal cities.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Asynchronous telehealth does not allow for access to the provider in real time. Conversely, synchronous or live videoconferencing allows for access to a QMP in real time via videoconferencing. This provider can help evaluate the patient alongside hospital healthcare providers. Survey respondents found synchronous or live videoconferencing as potentially more helpful to serving patients presenting for medical forensic services than nonsynchronous telehealth. About 33% of respondents envisioned asynchronous telehealth as “helpful or very helpful” to serving patients presenting for medical forensic services, whereas 56% envisioned synchronous telehealth as “helpful or very helpful. ” Although not seen as helpful to serving those presenting for medical forensic services of sexual assault as synchronous telehealth, when asked to describe how asynchronous telehealth could be used to better serve those presenting for medical forensic services of sexual assault, participants reported the potential for its use during the peer-review process, during training, and when determining the next steps in evaluating a patient. For synchronous telehealth, respondents reported the potential to use the modality for real-time feedback, to guide bedside nursing staff through the evidence collection process, to provide staffing support and information sharing, and to alleviate staffing burdens (see Table 2). Main concerns were for patient comfort with the video technology and issues of privacy, given the sensitive nature of the examinations. Respondents noted the potential for telehealth in providing advocacy and support to patients, particularly with COVID-19 restrictions in place that may not allow for a patient presenting for medical forensic services to have an advocate present. Telehealth can allow for the patient to have a “virtual” advocate as well as social work support. Several respondents detailed the ability to prevent the need for transfer, therefore keeping patients presenting for medical forensic services at their presenting hospital. This can help to reduce the issue of patient retraumatization during the transfer process, who may be asked to reiterate their assault story several times when transferred. This option may be particularly useful when a physical examination is not needed, to avoid transferring a victim for what is essentially an interview and routine medical care. TABLE 2 - Participants' Responses to “in the Treatment of Survivors of Sexual Abuse/Assault” Real-time feedback during forensic examination “Would be nice to consult for something you wanted to talk through. However, unsure what the patient response would be to a telehealth consult. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by outlining limitations of asynchronous telehealth services, stating that this modality does not allow for real-time access to providers, which is crucial for certain medical evaluations. It highlights that synchronous telehealth is seen as more helpful than asynchronous telehealth, particularly in complex cases like medical forensic services. This indicates that while telehealth has benefits, it cannot fully replace in-person consultations across all contexts, especially those requiring immediate and interactive medical evaluations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: 15(9):947-954 örök -. 2009. Germination responses of an invasive species in native and non-native ranges. Oikos 118:529-538. 1995. Hijano EH, Navarro A, eds. El cultivo de la alfalfa en la República Argentina. en la Argentina, INTA: Buenos Aires. 13-18 Inceer H, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S, Ozcan M. 2007. Chromosome numbers of the twenty-two Turkish plant species. Caryologia 60:349-357 Jasiewicz A, Mizianty M. 1975. Chromosome numbers of some Bulgarian plants. et Geobotanica 21(3):277-288 Kuzmanov BA, Jurukova-. 1990. Chromosome numbers of Bulgarian angiosperms. Fitologiya 38:92. 1982. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 38(4):963-974. 2010. Genome size reduction can trigger rapid phenotypic evolution in invasive plants. Annals of Botany 105:109-116 Loureiro J, Rodriguez E, Doležel J, Santos C. 2007. Two new nuclear isolation buffers for plant DNA flow cytometry: a test with 37 species. Annals of Botany 4:875-488 Miskella J. 2014. Hybridization between yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and meadow knapweed (Centaurea×moncktonii) Master’s Thesis, University thesis Montesinos D, Callaway RM. 2017. Inter-regional hybrids of native and invasive Centaurea solstitialis display intermediate competitive ability. Ecography 40(7):801-802. 2012. Neo-allopatry and rapid reproductive isolation. 180:529-533 Mráz P, Garcia-Jacas N, Gex-üller-Schärer H. 2011. Allopolyploid origin of highly invasive Centaurea stoebe s. l. (Asteraceae) and Evolution 62:612-623 R Team. 2010. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. (accessed 6 June 2017) software -. 2015. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not provide any information relevant to the claim regarding how individuals respond to environmental stimuli. The content is primarily a collection of references and citations related to various botanical studies, and there is no discussion about individual responses or stimuli.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms have the potential to generate power for coastal cities. [SEP] Text: As it has been shown, the Weibull distribution functions describe the observed values of wind speed reasonably well, so it can be easily guessed that the estimated annual cycle of wind power from the observed and Weibull model are similar. For this reason and for brevity, the values of theoretical wind power density which was estimated based on the actual wind speed distribution at height of 10 m were discussed. Figure 7: Comparison of observed and estimated mean wind speeds and power density at 10 m over Calabar, Uyo, Warri, and Ikeja stations. As it can be seen in Figure 7a, the annual average value of wind power density based on arithmetic mean wind speeds was found to be 21. 4 Wm-2 where the highest and the lowest wind power density were found in the months of December and August with values of 35. 8 and 7. 4 Wm-2 over Calabar station. Similar variations in the mean power density were found at hub-height 70 m with the maximum wind power density of 82. 4 Wm-2 occurring in December, maximum at 46. 08 Wm-2 for the whole year (Figure 8a). In the case of Uyo site, the wind power density at 10 m was estimated as 48. 9 Wm-2 (Figure 7b), and maximum (110. 9 Wm-2) at 70 m turbine hub (Figure 8b). The highest and the lowest monthly wind power density over this station was observed in the months of January and July with values of 64. 9 and 33. 4 Wm-2. The annual wind power density over Warri was estimated as 23. 6 Wm-2 (Figure 7c), and maximum (51. 71 Wm-2) at 70 m turbine hub (Figure 8c). The highest and the lowest monthly wind power density over this station was observed in the months of April and December with values of 38. 7 and 7. 5 Wm-2. The annual average value of wind power density for Ikeja was found to be 115. 2 Wm-2 where the highest and the lowest were in the months of August and November with values of 359. 3 and 19. 6 Wm-2 (Figure 7d). Similar variations in the mean power density were found at hub-height 70 m with the maximum wind power density of 827. 9 Wm-2 at 70 m occurring in August, maximum at 265. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing detailed information about wind power density estimates at various heights and locations. The results indicate that significant power outputs can be generated from wind resources, such as the maximum wind power density of 827.9 Wm-2 at a hub height of 70 m, particularly noted for locations like Ikeja. This supports the idea that floating wind farms could effectively harness wind energy to generate power for coastal cities, as indicated by the assessments of wind power density in the studied areas.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: ”“It would be helpful to guide the bedside staff nurse in caring for a survivor. ”“The SANE [via telehealth] could assist the RN in the ED collecting the swabs. The SANE could then complete all of the paperwork while the RN could complete all other aspects to help close the kit in a timelier manner. The SANE could then fax the completed paperwork. The RN at the ED can close the kit and hand it to law enforcement. ”“Synchronous telehealth would be particularly helpful to our staff RNs who complete evidence collection but are not specifically trained SANEs. ”“Several ways—first consultations with an expert who can help move the exam along for those who are inexperienced. Also, someone who can collaborate with the SANE in regards to assessment, documentation etc. ” Reduce transfers “Telehealth can allow for the patient to be interviewed once and not having to relive the trauma that they have gone through by being transferred. ”“If there was a qualified provider via live consultation, the current emergency department staff would not have to maintain SANE qualifications and patients would not have to be transferred. ” Staffing and resource support “Fill the QMP requirement for hospitals who would not otherwise have access. ”“For pediatric patients, utilizing child abuse pediatrician…to talk with parents/patient regarding specifics of follow-up since there are no pediatric trained SANEs within the ER. ”“Providing best practice recommendations for treatment and services in real time while survivor is still in the ED. ”“Provide resource to staff who are vested in giving good forensic exam. Lessen SANE on call time to prevent turnover due to large amounts of call but low volume. ”“…I envision telehealth being utilized to assist nurses at facilities with limited SANEs…. It would mirror the Boston TeleSane project…. It would be an opportunity for education and mentorship. ‘Consultations’ would be performed in real-time. ”“We would use this for real-time consultation and appropriate treatment mainly for pediatric patients, as we have no SANE-Ps or child abuse pediatrician on staff at our hospital. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the specific roles that telehealth can play in supporting in-person medical consultations, particularly in the context of sexual assault nurse examinations (SANEs) in emergency departments. It highlights that telehealth can assist nurses who are not trained SANEs, enable real-time consultations, and reduce patient transfers, but it does not suggest that telehealth can fully replace in-person assessments. Instead, it shows a collaborative approach where telehealth supplements existing medical staff rather than taking their place.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-1639546/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:PostedVersion 1posted You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractBackground: Hormone levels can be determined according the prevalence of a balance between generation metabolism and clearance rates. High-Training (HIIT) can affect this balance through a variety of mechanisms, including competition-associated stress, diet, body composition, heat production and hypoxia. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of HIIT on the Health hormones of femininity and fertility in young women. Methods: The study was comprised of Eighteen females aged 18. 06 ± 0. 128 years old. The participants were subjected to an eight-week training program (3 sessions/week, two hours (h) after lunch). Participants underwent basal pre-and post-exercise intervention tests, such as reproductive and trophic hormones. Results: The results revealed that 143. 16% increased estrogen levels and a 62. 12% reduction in testosterone levels. No significant differences were detected in Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Prolactin (PRL) between participants. Conclusions: HIIT exercise training in young women decreases testosterone levels and increases estrogen levels, with no effect on trophic hormones (LH, PRL). Trophic hormonesReproductive hormonesHigh-TrainingFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3IntroductionHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) includes alternate bouts of high-intensity intensive exercise along with low-intensity recovery periods. It is considered one of the most effective methods to improve cardiorespiratory and metabolic health [1]. Women have avoided resistance training for many years out of fear of being masculinized due to heavyweights. However, researchers have demonstrated that significant female strength could be observed with only minor degrees of muscle hypertrophy [2, 3]. Currently, it is widely accepted that exercise training in young women is very beneficial, as it can lead to reduced adiposity and increased cardiovascular fitness. Nevertheless, even if the exercise volume exceeds the physiological limit, this causes adverse effects on the skeletal and reproductive system, one of which is primary/secondary amenorrhea, induced by many factors such as inadequate nutrition and low body weight [3]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about urban living and its effects on stress levels. Instead, it discusses the impact of high-intensity interval training on hormone levels in women, which is unrelated to the topic of urban living and stress.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms have the potential to generate power for coastal cities. [SEP] Text: 47 Wm-2 for the whole year (Figure 8d). and Uyo, Warri and Ikeja stations revealed that more wind power density was estimated in the wet months than the dry which is attributed to changing temperature stratification and vertical exchange in momentum that are more prominent during the wet seasons in this locations, thus causing an increased wind speed and consequently an increase in wind power density as a result of thermal convection [27]. Therefore, the stations have more potential of wind energy generation in the wet than the dry seasons. Figure 8: Same as Figure 7 for hub height 70 m. Comparatively, Ikeja station was found as having the highest potential wind power density [7] while the lowest wind power density was observed over Calabar and Warri (Figure 9). The results obtained over Calabar, Uyo, and Warri stations show that the annual wind power density at both 10 m and hub height 70 m fell in wind power class 1 and class 2 (in the case of Uyo) (Table 1) which implies that, these areas are generally not suitable and marginal for wind turbine applications. Thus, the wind power density obtained over these stations can only be used for small stand-alone wind power systems, such as battery charging and for powering street light and water pumps [26,27]. However, the wind power density obtained in Ikeja was found in class 3 and above for the months of March, April, July and August, while other months fell in class 1 and 2. Generally, this area can be postulated as being suitable for most wind turbine applications especially in the observed wet months [10]. Finally, the results of wind power calculations made it evident that Ikeja area showed a good potential for installation of a wind turbine than other stations considered in this study. Figure 9: Comparison of mean power density at 10 m over Calabar, Uyo, Warri, and Ikeja stations. The relationship between the monthly mean power density and the monthly mean wind speeds for the locations are presented in Figure 10. Both power curve fit and linear curve fit methods were used to find the correlation between the mean power density and mean wind speed. It can be observed that both methods indicated a strong correlation (R2>0. 91) between the two variables. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that the Ikeja area, among the studied locations, showed a good potential for the installation of wind turbines, particularly during the wet months when wind power density is higher. This implies that there is potential for wind power generation, which aligns with the claim about floating wind farms supplying power to coastal areas.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: ” Training and information sharing “If there is a newer pediatric SANE in the ED who needs support, a more experienced/certified SANE could provide real time support and advice to care for that patient via telehealth. ”“Professional knowledge and training specific to sexual assault would improve our service to patients. We only have 1 SANE, associates and providers are genuinely not interested in pursuing additional sexual assault education in the ED. ”“I envision this as more of a support for our SANEs after hours. I see this as a way we can provide support to other outside hospitals. ”“Right now, we consult with our ED via phone if we are not available in person. I can see how we could provide better support during off hours. I can see how we could use this tool to assist in the treatment of pediatric patients at other organizations that do not have the expertise. ” Technology concerns “I think it would be difficult as another nurse would still have to perform the exam. I could see this being helpful in the pediatric setting. It would however be nice for advocacy. However, there is a concern of video recording during exam and the legal implications of that. ” Note. SANE = sexual assault nurse examiner; ED = emergency department; QMP = qualified medical provider. respondents (95%) could envision using telehealth during the sexual assault evaluation (see Table 3). Respondents showed a roughly equal interest in utilizing telehealth in various stages of the assault evaluation including during the initial intake (obtaining patient history), during the physical examination, during the collection of evidence, documentation of evidence, follow-up care, and review of case, charting, and pictures after evaluation is complete. Our THAP interviewee preferred having trained SANEs perform the sexual assault evaluation; however, they envisioned more experienced SANE nurses using telehealth to guide more nascent SANE nurses. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by illustrating that while telehealth can provide support in specific medical situations, particularly in pediatrics and sexual assault evaluations, it also highlights limitations. For instance, it mentions that 'another nurse would still have to perform the exam,' indicating that telehealth cannot entirely replace in-person consultations. Additionally, concerns regarding legal implications of video recording during exams further emphasize the necessity of in-person evaluations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Primary and secondary amenorrhea are patterns of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone suppression. Additionally, it may involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hypoestrogenism may have a negative effect on bone growth in athletes. Amenorrhea, eating disorders, and osteopenia are all symptoms of fatigue in female athletes. Women with delayed menarche demonstrate elevated stress features, osteopenia, and incidence of scoliosis compared with girls with average menarche [4, 5]. The balance of clearance rates, metabolism, and production is essential for maintaining hormonal blood levels. This balance may be affected by intensive physical exercises or through some mechanisms like dieting, production of heat and hypoxia, stress related to competition, and reduction of body fat mass [6]. Women who engage in high-intensity exercise on a regular basis may experience menstrual disturbances such as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or delayed menarche due to hormonal changes. Among the exercise-induced menstrual disturbance is the impaired production of gonadotropins, which may lead to anovulation and luteal phase deficiency [7]. Previous literature illustrated that prolonged and high-intensity training has a disadvantageous effect on female reproductive hormones. The hypothalamus-ovarian axis and the circulation of feminine reproductive hormones are disrupted due to related fatigue associated with low energy, leptin levels, and high-stress hormone concentration following strenuous exercise. This imbalance could lead to miss menstrual cycle regulation associated with the luteal phase and anovulation deficiency. Consequently, this study aims to investigate further the potential interventions of HIIT, which may be beneficial to reduce or prevent the impacts on reproductive health among female athletes by assessing femininity and fertility hormones. The current study assessed eighteen females, as depicted in (Table 1). The participants completed a familiarization session before initiating the measurements, where participants were excluded if suffering from any metabolic disease or renal, pulmonary, or cardiovascular pathological conditions. Before the onset of any testing or training session, it was required to obtain all participants' oral and written informed signed consent. approved the Faculty of study, Mansoura University, Egypt. Table (1) illustrates the participants' physical characteristics. Table 1 The participants' Physical characteristics. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses the effects of high-intensity exercise and hormonal changes in female athletes, including issues like amenorrhea and hormonal imbalances, but does not mention urban living or its relationship to stress levels.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms have the potential to generate power for coastal cities. [SEP] Text: However, irrespective of the locations, power curve fit method provides higher R2 value than the linear curve fit method and hence, it may be considered to be a better correlation method for wind data analysis. In addition, the exponent of the power curve fit varied from 2. 99 (Calabar and Uyo, Figure 10a and 10b) to 3. 0 (Warri and Ikeja, Figure 10c and 10d). Furthermore, the observed strong linear correlation between these variables is due to the Weibull probability density function f(V) which is involved in the expression of (V3). Figures 10 and 11 shows that there is an excellent power fit correlation between the mean power density and wind speed for the sites reported in this study. The exponent of the power curve fit equation is approximately 3 as reported by Ohunakin et al. [27]. Figure 10: Relationship between mean wind speeds and power density at 10 m over Calabar, Uyo stations. Figure 11: Same as Figure 10 over Warri, and Ikeja stations. wind power potential of four locations in the coastal region of Nigeria has been analyzed based on the wind data from 2008 to 2011 using two-parameter Weibull, and Rayleigh distributions. The study concludes that the coastal region of Nigeria especially Ikeja area, is well endowed with abundant wind energy resources which can be used to generate electricity. Therefore, It is recommended that, Ikeja area that fell above class 3 of the international system of wind classification can be considered as very suitable for wind turbine applications thus, the wind power potential in this area should be adequately harnessed in order to increase the power supply and reduce carbon dioxide emissions which contribute to global warming, and lower long-term overdependence on fossil fuels in the coastal region and Nigeria at large; other stations used in this study fell under class 1 and 2 thus, they may only be adequate for non-connected electrical and mechanical applications like battery charging and water pumping. Further studies should seek to expand the scope of this study by including more distribution functions such as, the gamma distribution, the lognormal distribution, the inverse Guassian distribution, the kappa, the parametric distribution, etc. , which will aid in finding an appropriate statistical model to describe the frequency distributions of certain given wind regimes. authors thank the Agency (NiMET) for providing the wind speed data used in this work. 877. 4 MW. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing the wind power potential in the coastal region of Nigeria, particularly noting that the Ikeja area is well-endowed with abundant wind energy resources that can be harnessed to generate electricity. This indicates that there is a viable opportunity for generating power in coastal areas through wind energy, directly corroborating the assertion made in the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Our TH interviewee did see a potential role for telehealth in assisting outside hospitals with limited access to QMPs: TABLE 3 - the () by the initial intake (obtaining patient history) 45% During the physical examination 55% During the collection of evidence 57% Documentation of evidence 63% Follow-up care (such as STI evaluation/referrals to resources/reporting procedures) 60% Review of case, charting, and pictures after evaluation is complete 63% I do not envision needing telehealth services at any stage 5% STI = Infections. In theory we could provide support to other hospitals for the whole Examination, especially somewhere there is not a SANE nurse and that expertise. Even if it is remote, there is a benefit to the patient. Look at how we live our life. Now that everything is Zoom, I do not think it would be as disconcerting to a patient to use telehealth as it would have been 2 years ago. . . . to in Respondents could envision the synchronous telehealth modality as a means of providing acute medical forensic care, particularly in communities with limited access to pediatric QMP providers and situations in which transfer requires extensive travel. Our THAP interviewee described the ability to keep pediatric patients in their community with telehealth: We don't have the volume to sustain having trained [a] pediatric SANE here. However, the Adult/Adolescent SANEs are familiar with the principles of forensic nursing. If they have someone like [a pediatric SANE] on the other end, who could just walk them through the differences for a pediatric patient and that could be very helpful. And again, keeping the patient in their own community and providing them with the particular resources that we have to follow up would be very beneficial to the patient and their families. Of main importance to this THAP interviewee was the “provider-to-provider” coaching to enable adolescent/adult SANE to feel comfortable examining pediatric patients in a developmentally appropriate manner. This THAP interviewee described potentially providing this service to keep children in their communities by allowing for QMPs to coach clinicians in lower resourced settings with abbreviated training in pediatric forensic examination areas through the forensic examination. telehealth can make the transfer process more seamless while also assessing for inappropriate transfers. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while telehealth can assist in providing some remote support, there are clear limitations and contexts where in-person consultations remain essential. For instance, the text mentions that respondents do not envision needing telehealth services at every stage and emphasizes the importance of having pediatric experts available, suggesting that telehealth cannot replace all in-person interactions, especially in complex medical scenarios.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Values are represented as mean (± sem) (years) Height (m) Body mass (kg) BMI (kg/m2) Mean 18. 06 1. 65 63. 35 21. 35 sem. 128 2. 74 2. 68 0. 46 1. Hormonal Assay: Trained laboratory technicians performed blood sampling at standardized laboratory conditions. Before obtaining a blood sample, participants were required to fast for at least 4 hours. Subsequently, the venous blood sample was collected on the third day of the spontaneous cycle. The collected samples were allowed to clot at room temperature for one hour and were then subsequently centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4 oC. The serum samples were then stored at -20 oC until assayed. Clear non-hemolyzed sera were separated and used for the assay of testosterone, estrogen, follicle-stimulating (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) by solid-phase competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay through the utilisation of analyser purchased from DPC (). None of the participants had engaged in any form of an exercise training programme for at least two months prior to the study. The group carried out their HIIT exercise training program (3 sessions/week, 2 h after lunch) for eight weeks on alternate days (Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday). Each participant's repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. Participants completed a warm-up set of 8–10 repetitions at 50% of their estimated 1RM, before moving to a warm-up set of 3–5 repetitions at 85% of their estimated 1RM. To determine squat 1RM, participants performed 1RM attempts over 4–5 trials separated by 3 min rest intervals. 1RM was measured again, and intensity was re-established after four weeks of HIIT training. The detailed exercise training programme is presented in Table 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding urban living and stress levels. Instead, it focuses on methodological details of a laboratory and exercise training study, including hormonal assays and participant training programs, which are irrelevant to the claim about stress levels.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Floating wind farms can produce unlimited power without environmental impact. [SEP] Text: of Michigan Press, 0-26258-111-6 14. Hugang X. Haozhong C. Haiyu L. 2008 Optimal reactive power flow incorporating static voltage stability based on multi-objective adaptive immune algorithm, and Management, 49 5 (May. 2008), 1175 1181 0196-8904 15. Hydro-Quebec. Transmission provider technical requirements for the connection of power plants to Hydro-Quebec transmission system. Transenergie, 2006 16. 2008 OECD/IEA, March 2010, Available from: < www. iea. org/techno/etp/index. asp> 17. IEA Wind Energy. 2009 March 2010, Available from: < www. ieawind. org/AnnualReports_PDF/2009. html> 18. Jenkins N. et al. 2000 Embedded Generation, of Electrical Engineers, 0-85296-774-8 U. K. 19. Keung P. K. Kazachkov Y. Senthil J. 2010 Generic models of wind turbines for power system stability studies, Proceedings of Conference on Advances in Control, Operation and Management, London, UK, Nov. 2009. 20. Kundur Prabha. 1994 Stability and Control, MC-Graw-Hill, 007035958 California. 21. Martínez I. et al. 2007 Connection requirements for wind farms: A survey on thecnical requirements and regulation. Renewable and Sustainability energy reviews, 11 8 (Oct. 2007), 1858 1872 1364-0321 22. plc, UK, October 2008. 23. Nordel. Code. Nordel, January 2007 24. Raoufi H. Kalantar M. 2009 Reactive power rescheduling with generator ranking for voltage stability improvement, and Management, 50 4 (Apr. 2009), 1129 1135 0196-8904 25. Salama M. M. A. Chikhani A. Y. 1993 A simplified network approach to the VAR control problem for radial distribution systems. IEEE Trans. Delivery, 8 3 (Jul. 1993), 1529 1535 0885-8977 26. Sangsarawut P. Oonsivila A. Kulworawanichpong T. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it provides technical references and publications related to wind energy and electrical engineering, without addressing the environmental impact of floating wind farms or claims of unlimited power production. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast with the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Our TRH interviewee recounted issues of patients presenting for medical forensic services transferring to their ED only to be determined that a forensic examination would be difficult or not feasible. When asked to describe an example of an inappropriate transfer, the TRH interviewee described: We could have someone at an outside hospital that had a late disclosure sexual assault, or an assault that happened more than seven days. We could have a process in place where those kids get their medical screening at the hospital where they present via telehealth and then are referred to our clinic to see us, given that it is not an emergent visit. Transferring kids in this instance is costly and it takes them out of their community. It is also stressful. Kids do not need to be in the ED unless it is absolutely needed. Inappropriate transfers lead to patients presenting for medical forensic services needlessly transferring to hospitals outside their communities. Telehealth can allow for screening of patients presenting for medical forensic services before a transfer. If the QMP deems the transfer appropriate for further examination, the receiving hospital would have all the necessary intake information to prepare for the arrival of the patient. This approach would also reduce redundancy and limit a patient's reiteration of their assault to multiple providers. If a transfer is necessary, our TH interviewee noted the potential for telehealth in convincing hesitant patients presenting for medical forensic services to transfer, if warranted. Telehealth could be utilized to connect patients presenting for medical forensic services with QMPs that can explain to patients the transfer process and answer any questions, potentially easing concerns. Synchronous telehealth can allow QMPs to provide backup coverage, “in case of an emergency…like a blizzard or when the nurse can't come to work. ” Similarly, our THAP interviewee noted that telehealth could help to fill in scheduling gaps, “The new [Illinois] law requires that a QMP to be present with anyone who [is] in training. Practically, that would be like having two people on call all the time, a trainee, and a QMP, which can be challenging, telehealth would be helpful in any gaps we may have in a schedule. ” for Most survey participants (about 80%) reported their hospitals currently use telehealth for services other than sexual assault and abuse. About 69% of respondents reported already having telehealth equipment available in their ED. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting specific situations where telehealth can assist with medical consultations but emphasizes that it cannot fully replace all in-person medical visits. For instance, it mentions that telehealth can facilitate initial screenings and reduce unnecessary transfers, but certain cases still require a physical examination, especially in emergencies or specific medical contexts, thereby asserting that telehealth serves as a complement rather than a complete substitute for in-person care.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Table 2 High-Training (HIIT) 1,2 Week 3,4 Week 5,6 Week 7,8 (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest (time× sets) rest 1 High knees (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Squats (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Basic burpees (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Elbow plank (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 Flutter kicks (10×3) 10 (15×4) 30 (20×4) 20 (30×3) 30 2 Plank (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Elbow plank (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Body saw (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Side bridges (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 Crunches (10×4) 20 (15×3) 30 (20×5) 40 (30×5) 60 3 Sit-ups (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Jumping jacks (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Scissors chops (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Climbers (10×5) 30 (15×5) 45 (20×3) 40 (30×4) 60 Session (S), Time, rest by seconds 2. for (SPSS) (version 23. 0. ) and Graph(version 8. 4. 2. Graph154 ) were used to perform all statistical analyses. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workout regimen and associated statistical analyses. It does not mention urban living or stress levels at all, making it unrelated to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: These farms are maintenance-free and operate autonomously with no intervention needed. [SEP] Text: The organism manipulator end effector, which is rigid and must align precisely with experimental modules at different heights, is equipped with a collision-detection switch to halt z-motion before the robot is damaged. This sensor can also be used to detect the height of rigid module components. It is safe to leave MAPLE unattended (Video 3). (5) MAPLE components cost approximately $3500. Its bill of materials (Supplementary file 1, assembly instructions (Supplementary file 2), and code libraries (see Materials and methods for links) have been made public under open source licenses. MAPLE measures 43. 5 cm in the y-dimension permitting mounting in standardized 19’ rack systems, so multiple robots can be arranged compactly. Video 2 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as VR view from within MAPLE during an experimental procedure. Time-lapse view from a wide-angle camera mounted on the x-axis assembly of MAPLE during a procedure to move flies from a 96-well plate into social arenas, providing a clear view of the action of all three z-assemblies and end effectors. Moments when MAPLE flashes multiple times successively in the same position reflect an algorithm to vary the exposure time for image acquisition to detect the opening of a multi-position loading port. This video is available on YouTube at The viewing angle can be adjusted during playback in the YouTube viewer. Video 3 Download asset This video cannot be played in place because your browser does support HTML5 video. You may still download the video for offline viewing. Download as MPEG-4 Download as WebM Download as can operate autonomously. Wide-angle movie acquired by mounting the camera on the y-assembly as MAPLE conducts a social arena array loading procedure. After starting the protocol, confirming that the camera stays attached and trimming some zip-tie tails from the camera mount, the operator walks away while MAPLE continues the experiment. MAPLE conducts experiments on numerous species We first established that MAPLE can be used to automate experiments in a wide variety of lab organisms. Specifically, we implemented experimental MAPLE protocols for baker’s yeast S. cerevisiae, the nematode C. elegans, the slime mold P. polycephalum, and the fruit fly D. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that MAPLE operates autonomously during a loading procedure, highlighting that the operator can walk away while MAPLE continues the experiment on its own. This indicates a level of autonomy that supports the idea of maintenance-free operation as elaborated in the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Our TH interviewee reported receiving a federal grant to establish telehealth services in their critical care unit and that they have expanded telehealth services to primary care visits during the COVID-19 crisis. With grants, the hospital has purchased telehealth equipment. They have had great success with this approach, which has allowed for improved access to healthcare in their community, as one person noted, “It's really amazing…. The telehealth doctors are super. They have great bedside manners. They are fantastic on a computer. They are great. ” As a result, this administrator felt comfortable with utilizing telehealth for sexual assault to help guide the bedside nurses through the sexual assault examination just as physicians on telehealth work with staff to provide critical care for ICU patients: “Based on this experience, I just can't imagine anybody in our ER saying no to a SANE specialist nurse [via telehealth]. ” In addition to the services listed above, respondents reported the use of telehealth in pediatrics, primary care visits, hospitalist services, and telepsychiatry. Barriers to Respondents reported legislative restriction, costs, the sensitive nature of the examination, and current legislative requirements as the most salient barriers to implementing telehealth. Our TRH interviewee noted, “I think the first barrier is that it is not allowed in the law. ” Later, this interviewee expressed, “The more laws you make, the more restricted you are in doing, being creative and innovative. ” Other barriers included insufficient reimbursement, legal liability, security of data, equipment, and concern that telehealth may lead to the interruption of workflow or interoperability issues. Our TRH interviewee noted, “There is always a concern about liability with outside hospitals…doctors get kind of nervous about giving advice [via telehealth]. ” Technologically challenged staff, organizational resistance to change, and insufficient reimbursement were identified as barriers, albeit not as significant, to implementing telehealth. hospitals would not support paying a fee to support telehealth (57%). Of those willing to pay a fee, most would want to pay a flat fee per case (35%) followed by a subscription-based service (30%). Variable fee based on complexity and time spent on consultation (20%) and paying per hour (15%) were the least popular payment methods. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting several barriers to implementing telehealth services, such as legal restrictions, reimbursement issues, and concerns about liability. The interviewee noted that 'the first barrier is that it is not allowed in the law,' which suggests that telehealth cannot fully replace in-person consultations due to legislative and regulatory challenges. Additionally, the mention of barriers like 'technologically challenged staff' and 'organizational resistance to change' underscores the limitations of telehealth as a complete substitute for all in-person medical consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: Data included the mean ± standard error of the mean (sem) and "T" value. The significance level was set at p < 0. 05. ResultsThe results of the current experimental procedure are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (sem) for the given number of participants, as shown below. Table 1 presents the anthropometric and physical characteristics of the participants (age, height, body mass, body mass index). Figure 1–3 depicts the primary data of the current study. It was revealed that 8-week training had a significant impact on estrogen, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (Fig. 1–3). In addition, there was a 2-fold increase in estrogen levels post-exercise training compared to the basal measurement prior to the initiation of the exercise intervention (Fig. 1). Insert Fig. 1. Furthermore, there was around a 3-fold reduction in testosterone levels after the exercise- regimen (Fig. 2), highlighting the crucial role of chronic exercise regulating testosterone levels in young female participants. In addition, post-exercise training measurements demonstrated a slight reduction (around 15%) in FSH levels (Fig. 2). In contrast, 8-week exercise training had no significant impact on LH and prolactin (Fig. 2–3). Insert Fig. 2. Insert Fig. 3. DiscussionThis study found that high-intensity interval training had a significant effect on estrogen and testosterone hormones in young females. In contrast, no significant changes were detected in the LH, Prolactin, and FSH hormones. However, this could be related to the small sample size of this study. Previous research studies have indicated that exercise has a positive effect on female hormones. Sex hormone levels are considered an objective marker for assessing the level and effectiveness of exposure to physical training and specifying the appropriate physical activity levels and doses, especially in women. In this study, hormonal estrogen levels showed a significant increase. Estrogen plays a crucial role in promoting the development and effectiveness of female reproductive structure and female secondary sex characteristics [8]. Similar results have been reported by Hackney et al. (2020). They assessed seven young women's hormonal responses on a moderate bicycle ergometer training for eight weeks in a fixed relative intensity. The results of their study detected an increase in beta-endorphin, beta lipotropin cortisol, and reproductive hormone levels [9]. Copeland et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding urban living and its association with stress levels. Instead, it discusses findings related to hormonal changes due to exercise training in young females, which is irrelevant to the assertion about urban living and stress.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: Figures AbstractJuvenile fish nurseries are an essential life stage requirement for the maintenance of many fish populations. With many inshore habitats globally in decline, optimising habitat management by increasing our understanding of the relationship between juvenile fish and nursery habitats may be a prudent approach. Previous research on post–settlement snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) has suggested that structure may provide a water flow refuge, allowing snapper to access high water flow sites that will also have a high flux of their pelagic prey. We investigated this hypothesis by describing how Units (ASUs) modified water flow while also using a multi–camera set up to quantify snapper position in relation to this water flow environment. Horizontal water flow was reduced on the down–current side of ASUs, but only at the height of the seagrass canopy. While the highest abundance of snapper did occur down–current of the ASUs, many snapper also occupied other locations or were too high in the water column to receive any refuge from water flow. The proportion of snapper within the water column was potentially driven by strategy to access zooplankton prey, being higher on the up–current side of ASUs and on flood tides. It is possible that post–settlement snapper alternate position to provide opportunities for both feeding and flow refuging. An alternative explanation relates to an observed interaction between post–settlement snapper and a predator, which demonstrated that snapper can utilise habitat structure when threatened. The nature of this relationship, and its overall importance in determining the value of nursery habitats to post–settlement snapper remains an elusive next step. Citation: (2018) Do nursery habitats provide shelter from flow for juvenile fish? 13(1): e0186889. Dennis M. Higgs, University of : August 10, 2017; Accepted: October 9, 2017; Published: January 17, 2018Copyright: © 2018 Parsons et al. This is an open access 1. 3 m and 2. 8 m, respectively. The harbour contains many shallow subtidal sand banks and flats suitable for conducting experiments on juvenile fishes, but we selected a site at Mac(174. 491° E, 35. 810° S) for the present study for several reasons. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the significance of nursery habitats for juvenile fish populations. It indicates that habitat structures, like ASUs, modify water flow and provide refuge for snapper, thus supporting the argument that such structures play a crucial role in offering habitats for marine life. Specifically, it describes how juvenile fish utilize these structures during different environmental conditions and interactions with predators, reinforcing the idea that these structures are vital habitats for fish.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: by 11% of those surveyed did not believe that telehealth could improve the care of any population of patients presenting for medical forensic services. Hospital administrators surveyed reported adolescents presenting for medical forensic services (those 13–18 years old) as the population most likely to benefit from the use of telehealth (34. 75%), followed by the adult population (those over 18 years old; 30. 56%). Adolescents presenting for medical forensic services may benefit the most from telehealth, given the difficulties of navigating sexual assault as neither a child nor an adult. As our TRH interviewee described, “The patient I worry about [is] the 13-year-old in an adult ER. A 13-year-old [is] still a child. With telehealth, we could give better support to hospitals caring for that young adolescent age group. ” The ability and willingness to use telehealth for pediatric patients varies based on resource constraints. In rural settings with reduced access to pediatric QMPs, our in-depth interviewees agreed that telehealth may be a way to reduce transfers and keep a pediatric patient presenting for medical forensic services in their community. For all the interviewees, this would mean an adult- and adolescent-trained QMP with abbreviated training in pediatric forensic examinations assisted via telehealth by a pediatric QMP to provide care for this population. Most respondents use social work support services for psychosocial assessments and reports (66. 67%). However, most (70%) are not interested in additional social work support via telehealth services. All the in-depth interviewees also echoed this sentiment. study affirmed issues of staffing and retaining qualified forensic examiners, especially for the pediatric population and in rural areas. Therefore, state initiatives to provide high-quality care to those presenting for medical forensic services through increased regulatory mandates may inadvertently exacerbate existing barriers (Logan et al. , 2005; Munro M. L. , 2014). Telehealth represents one avenue for alleviating staffing burdens, improving timely and equitable access to care for those presenting for medical forensic services, and mitigating the need for unnecessary patient transfers. On the basis of this study, we find that hospital administrators are open to telehealth to increase access to care for patients presenting for medical forensic services. This study has identified several ways to utilize telehealth in clinical practice. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while telehealth may improve care for certain populations, such as adolescents presenting for medical forensic services, there is skepticism about its overall effectiveness. Specifically, 11% of those surveyed did not believe telehealth could improve care for any population, suggesting a limitation to its effectiveness and indicating that it cannot universally replace all in-person consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: (2002) [10] investigated the female hormonal endurance and resistance training responses. They found a significant increase in estradiol levels in response to both training interventions in their study. In addition, the impact of physical activity on hormonal circulation has been confirmed by previous research findings reporting elevated estradiol circulation after resistance exercise and endurance exercise in female participants [11]. Vicissitudes in females' estrogen levels have been reported to be influenced by exercise duration, intensity, menstrual phase, and status [3, 12]. In addition to the increase of estrogen, the current study reported a significant increase in testosterone levels related to the impact of this study's proposed high-intensity interval training. These results were confirmed by the analysis of Gharahdaghi et al. 2021. They reported that resistance exercise could induce a temporary rise in testosterone in young, healthy females. Additionally, the anthropometrical indications of adiposity have been found to be significantly correlated with testosterone concentrations [13]. A study conducted by Kochańska-Dziurowicz et al. (2001) investigated the effect of a proposed acute exercise intervention on a cycle ergometer on testosterone and prolactin levels in 13 young female runners. Their study results addressed a significant elevation in the testosterone concentration, indicated at the end of the exercise and 90 minutes past the completion of the test. In contrast, the testosterone level had returned to the base levels as pre-exercise [14]. On the contrary, literature results have concluded that exercising had no effect on testosterone concentration in trained young women and was not influenced by their menstrual cycle [9, 15]. In addition, it has been revealed that training status contributes to mediating the hormones' response to physical activities. After a six-month resistance training intervention, changes in testosterone levels have only occurred in women [16]. In a study by Schmitz et al. (2007), other results were reported, as they found that physical activity level was inversely related to estrogen in late transition age. The adjusted means of estrogen reported were 24. 6 and 37. 9; a relative difference of 54% in estrogen level was detected when comparing highest to lowest activity (P = 0. 02). Similarly, it was shown that physical activity was inversely related to testosterone levels (a relative difference of 47% was detected when comparing the highest to lowest activity [17]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses the effects of exercise on hormonal levels, specifically estradiol and testosterone, without addressing urban living or stress levels. There is no mention or implication about stress or urban living in the provided text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: Specifically, Macoffers an extensive area of sand flats of appropriate depth to conduct experiments, it is devoid of natural structure and artificial habitat placed on Macattracts high densities of post–settlement snapper, it has reasonable water clarity for making observations, and can only be accessed by boat, reducing the potential for interference. Furthermore, Macexperiences an average water flow velocity of c. 20 cm s-1, typical of the tidally dominated flows expected in the estuarine areas where post-settlement are abundant [11], and also typical of where post-settlement snapper are abundant within [15, 17]. 2015 (the time of peak snapper spawning [11]) we deployed 10 1. 8 m × 1. 8 m ASUs at a water depth of c. 0. 4 m at low tide. ASUs were separated by 20 m. Previous investigations have demonstrated that post-settlement snapper are attracted to ASUs in high densities, and are resident to patches separated by c. 10 m [12], so we treated ASUs as independent replicates. Earlier versions of the ASUs that we have constructed utilised artificial plants with wire stems. Because the primary purpose of the present experiment was to assess the response of snapper to water flow that may be modified by habitat structure, we altered ASU construction to include ribbon, which more naturally mimiced seagrass blades by being pushed down towards the sea bed with increasing water flow. Each ASU that we constructed in the present study incorporated a plastic mesh grid with bunches of ribbon (c. 30 cm long by 1 cm wide) tied to the mesh grid. All ASUs had a shoot density of 1820 blades m-2, corresponding to the upper range of subtidal seagrass densities in northeastern [6]. ASUs were secured in place on the sand flats with metal pegs. We attempted to orient each ASU so that two of its edges ran parallel with the direction of the flooding and ebbing tide. Tidal current direction, however, does vary throughout the tidal cycle, and furthermore, may not be 180 degrees opposite for ebbing and flooding tides. We therefore orientated ASUs to minimise this error. No collections of animals or plants were made as part of this research, forgoing the need for a field permit or animal ethics approval. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing the use of artificial structures (ASUs) that attract high densities of post-settlement snapper. It mentions that previous investigations have shown post-settlement snapper are attracted to these structures and become residents in areas with such habitats. The construction of the ASUs aims to assess the response of snapper to water flow while mimicking natural habitat features like seagrass blades, which further supports the idea that these structures provide habitats for marine life.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: - Increased access to care: In areas with a shortage of QMPs to serve patients presenting for medical forensic services, telehealth can be utilized to provide clinicians in these areas with support from QMPs so that patients presenting for medical forensic services can receive treatment in their communities. - Initial intake process, if transferring: In areas without QMPs, telehealth can allow for a QMP to provide patients presenting for medical forensic services with information about next steps of the forensic process, reducing stress on the patient and, if applicable, the guardian. If for some reason the patient decides not to transfer, the QMP can still outline follow-up steps and community resources via telehealth. - Telehealth for backup coverage: QMPs can provide backup for one another in cases of emergencies or schedule changes via telehealth. - Training: Cost, distance to training, and time away from clinical duties represent one of the major barriers for hospitals to establish enough providers. Conducting as much training as feasible in a virtual format could lessen the training burden through remote access to a qualified preceptor. In addition, training can continue during periods of disruption such as seasonal travel advisories, inclement weather, or stay-at-home orders. - Mentorship: Telehealth can be utilized to provide real-time feedback and mentorship between more experienced QMPs and those with less experience to build the capacity of junior QMPs to operate independently. - Peer-review process: Asynchronous telehealth can allow for hospitals to share cases, documentations, and photos on a secure platform that will enable information sharing between experts from other hospitals as a means of peer-reviewing and providing expert second opinion. More ambitiously, states can implement a network of synchronous 24/7 support to hospitals using the model studied by the Program (Walsh et al. , 2019). The options for telehealth are expansive and flexible to meet the needs of each state or hospital system(s). only captured about 40% of all the hospitals in Illinois subject to mandates. Furthermore, we only surveyed about 26% of the TRHs, making it difficult to get a full picture of the issues facing these hospitals. It is possible that the types of hospitals surveyed in this study are different from hospital administrators who chose not to complete the survey. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the various roles that telehealth can serve, particularly in areas with a shortage of Qualified Medical Personnel (QMPs) for forensic services. It states that while telehealth allows for increased access to care, provides backup coverage, and facilitates training and mentorship, it does not imply that telehealth can entirely replace in-person consultations. The text highlights the limitations of telehealth, such as the need for patient transfers and the inadequate capture of data from hospitals surveyed, indicating the complexities of healthcare delivery where both telehealth and in-person consultations play essential roles.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: The current study illustrated that the increase in estrogen hormone had been linked to a rise in LH and PRL. Despite the significant elevation in estragon levels, no significant changes have been indicated in the study participants' levels of LH and PRL. This finding could be explained by the conclusion of a recent meta-analysis conducted by Ennour-Idrissi et al. , 2015, on the effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women. The meta-analysis results addressed that the impact of physical activity on circulating sex hormones is relatively modest and probably not clinically significant. Also, the levels of sex hormones in the blood may not represent their effects on target tissues. Physical activity may continue to affect sex hormone function by modulating target-tissue sensitivity to these hormones [18]. exercise may induce changes in the levels of reproductive hormones in females, including an increase in estrogen level and a decrease in test level. High-intensity interval training exercise is highly recommended for young women as it leads to increased estrogen levels and reduced testosterone levels, with no effect on trophic hormones (LH and PRL). DeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate and publication: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Board approved the Faculty of study, Mansoura University, Egypt. Written and oral and informed signed consent was obtained from all participants Availability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: No financial support for the current study. Authors' contributions: contributed to Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-review & editing. Chrysovalantou E. Xirouchaki contributed to Investigation, data extraction, data analysis and manuscript writing, results discussion. Razek and Alim contributed to Supervision, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank all the participants that voluntarily agreed to participate in the current study after signed informed consent. 17. Zanker C, Swaine I. Relation between bone turnover, oestradiol, and energy balance in women distance runners. British journal of sports medicine. 1998;32(2):167 − 71. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the effects of physical activity on sex hormones and does not mention urban living or stress levels at all. The content is primarily focused on hormonal responses to exercise rather than any relationship between urban environments and stress.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: These structures provide habitats for fish and other marine life. [SEP] Text: However, the differences in were small and could have resulted from sensor misalignment, rather than any real differences in flow speeds across the ASU. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 9. Vertical distributions of mean water velocity around an ASU. is longitudinal velocity, is transverse velocity, and is vertical velocity, all measured at locations A, B and C. Profile number refers to the time period when each set of water velocity measurements were collected (AMP1 (profiles 1–7) and AMP2 (profiles 8–14), but see Fig 8 for a graphical representation). Measurements were made with ADVs during a two day deployment in June 2016. energy dissipation (ε) rates at 15 and 23 cmab were consistently greater at the back edge of the ASU (location C) compared to those observed outside (A) and on the leading edge of the ASU (B) (Fig 10). There was also some indication that at 15 cmab dissipation was greater at the leading edge compared to outside of the ASU. At higher elevations it was difficult to discern consistent patterns between measurement locations. As expected dissipation decayed with elevation. Download: PPTPowerPoint slidePNGlarger imageTIFForiginal imageFig 10. Vertical distributions of turbulence energy dissipation (ε) measured at locations A, B and C. Profile number refers to the time period when each set of turbulence measurements were collected (AMP1 (profiles 1–7) and AMP2 (profiles 8–14), but see Fig 8 for a graphical representation). Measurements were made with ADVs during a two day deployment in June 2016. DiscussionUnderstanding how nursery habitats function to support juvenile fish is an important part of conserving, restoring, or managing these habitats to sustain fish population productivity [9, 10]. For post–settlement snapper, we know that their abundance is strongly and positively related to the presence of habitat structure [12–14], and our previous research suggested that this relationship may be determined by a balance between access to planktonic food items and energetic shelter from water flow [15]. What the present study demonstrates is that there was spatial pattern in how post–settlement snapper related to the water flow environment around structure, suggesting they may be responding to refuge from water flow. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how nursery habitats support juvenile fish and noting that the presence of habitat structure is positively related to the abundance of post-settlement snapper. It indicates that these habitats function to provide refuge from water flow and access to food, suggesting that they indeed provide essential habitats for fish.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: For example, the hospitals that completed the survey may have more staffing resources devoted to that enables them to complete a survey or agree to participate in an in-depth interview. In addition, this survey can only assess current attitudes toward the transition to Illinois mandates, QMP staffing, and the potential use of telehealth to deliver care to patients presenting for medical forensic services; it cannot determine how telehealth could impact access and quality of care relative to the current standard of care. Finally, our survey was conducted before the more severe nursing shortages and rise in travel nursing that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which anecdotally has created further decreases in the number of QMPs at Illinois hospitals (Yang & Mason, 2022). Consequently, our survey may underestimate the current shortage of QMPs and the further reduction of access to care. states grapple with the expanding access to services with limited staffing resources, telehealth provides an opportunity to expand safe and effective sexual assault services to children, adolescents, and adults. Illinois has committed to improving the care of patients presenting for medical forensic services and can utilize telehealth to achieve this goal. Our survey of hospital administrators in Illinois shows that most professionals providing these services recognize the promise of integrating telehealth in service delivery, training, and consultation. States facing similar challenges are well positioned to examine the potential role of telehealth in optimizing service delivery, staffing, patient experience, and outcomes. Implications for This study has practical implications for forensic nurse examiners interested in utilizing telehealth to support clinical practice. Most immediately, asynchronous telehealth can allow for virtual training and education. Our respondents reported both the personal and financial costs of attending in-person training sessions. This application of technology is a low-hanging fruit and likely requires no major legislative changes. Other uses of telehealth may require legislative support to accomplish. Collaboration between child abuse pediatricians, SANEs, sexual assault forensic examiners, hospital administrators, and advocates is crucial to pushing forward legislation. When seeking legislative changes, forensic nurse examiners should emphasize telehealth's applicability to each step of the forensic examination, as shown in our study. Accordingly, synchronous telehealth can allow for forensic nurse examiners in higher-resourced and higher-volume hospitals to support examiners in lower-resourced and lower-volume areas. In this way, telehealth empowers all hospitals to care for their community and reduce transfers. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that while telehealth can expand access to services, it does not determine how telehealth could impact access and quality of care relative to the current standard of care. It emphasizes that telehealth is a potential tool to support care, but also mentions limitations such as the need for staffing resources and legislative support to fully integrate telehealth services, suggesting it cannot fully replace in-person consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban living always leads to increased stress levels. [SEP] Text: The strength of weight-bearing bones is similar in amenorrheic and eumenorrheic elite long‐distance runners. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2018;28(5):1559-68. Bjørnerem ønnebø V, Sundsfjord J, Svartberg J, et al. Endogenous sex hormones in relation to age, sex, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases in a general population: the Tromsø Study. of & Metabolism. 2004;89(12):6039-47. Hirschberg AL. Female hyperandrogenism and elite sport. Endocrine connections. 2020;9(4):R81-R92. Effect of exercise on serum androgens in postmenopausal women: a 12-month randomized clinical trial. . 2004;13(7):1099 − 105. . Gender impacts the post-exercise substrate and endocrine response in trained runners. Journal of the of Sports Nutrition. 2008;5(1):1–10. . Effect of exercise on reproductive hormones in female athletes. of Sport and Exercise Science. 2013;5(1):7–12. . to Intensive, Exercise in Women. Endocrines. 2020;1(2):119 − 24. . Hormonal responses to endurance and resistance exercise in females aged 19–69 years. of A:. 2002;57(4):B158-B65. Mannerkorpi K, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Larsson A, Cider Å, Arodell O, Bjersing JL. Acute effects of physical exercise on the serum insulin-like growth factor system in women with fibromyalgia. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2017;18(1):1–8. . Effects of female reproductive hormones on sports performance. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport: Springer; 2013. p. 281–322. . Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin- Muscle Adaptations. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;11:1814. Kochańska-Dziurowicz A, Gawel-Szostek V, Gabryś T, Kmita D. Changes in prolactin and testosterone levels induced by acute physical exertion in young female athletes. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies related to exercise, hormones, and their effects on physical performance in women. It does not mention urban living or stress levels at all, thus providing no support for or against the claim.