Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: 37 bacterial species were decreased in representation in the stool samples of IBD+ participants as compared to negative controls. The most prominent phyla included Bacteroidetes (B) and Clostridia (C). 9). The bacterial families overrepresented in the increase in SCD included over 20 species of the non-pathogenic clostridia family. Many of these species were decreased in the participants of the LRD diet. A shift in the representation of several bacteria of Clostridia spp was observed with the diet change. However, increased microbial diversity was not associated with any change in the clinical status. pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is a consequence of interplay between genetics, immune dysregulation and environmental factors. Within the last decade, advances in microbiome analysis have allowed a shift in focus to the importance of microbiota, its effects on intestinal homeostasis, and the development of IBD. An individual’s characteristics such as age, body mass index, and gender do not completely determine the population and dominance of specific enterotypes but play a role in shaping it [13,68]. A recent study involving monozygotic twins and their respective biological mothers showed that families shared a very similar bacterial makeup [69]. Diet, body fat composition and a variety of infections modify the gut Microbiota [7,70-74]. These findings suggest that gut microbiome may be altered or shaped by other factors in addition to the genetic factors or the dynamics between exposure to specific viruses or bacteria and the host. Intestinal epithelial permeability has been shown to be a determining factor in the development and progression of IBD and other inflammatory conditions. Disruption of the integrity of the tight junctions in the epithelial barrier, impaired mucin secretion and Paneth cell functions contribute to the increased permeability [75]. Epithelial barrier defects can be attributed to genetic susceptibility and gut inflammation [76,77]. The immunemodulators and biologic agents are being utilized to control gut inflammation. Another approach for controlling the intestinal inflammation may include reshaping the gut microbiota through diet interventions [78,79]. A change in the diet with potential inclusion of prebiotics and/or probiotics can alter the gut microbiota that is beneficial for human health. Our pilot study was focused on investigating the impact of two specific diets, in IBD patients, on the fecal microbiome in a controlled setting. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how specific diets can influence gut microbiota and suggesting that diet interventions may help reshape the gut microbiota, which is beneficial for human health. It mentions that nutrition, particularly through prebiotics and probiotics, can alter gut microbiota, supporting the idea that microbiome analysis could be utilized to develop personalized diet plans based on individual responses to nutrients.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insects are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious food source. [SEP] Text: 521:637. 5’62:613. 2 Табл. 2. Ил. 7. Библ. 13. DOI: 10. 21323/2071-2499-2019-3-49-53 Полуфабрикаты из говядины как источник белка, витаминов и минеральных веществ для здорового питания Семенова А. А. , доктор техн. наук, Дыдыкин А. С. , канд. техн. наук, Деревицкая О. К. , канд. техн. наук, Асланова М. А. , канд. техн. наук, Беро А. Л. , канд. техн. наук ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses beef semi-finished products as sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals for healthy eating, without any mention of insects. Therefore, it does not support or contrast the claim regarding insects.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Response to LPS in female offspring from sows treated with cortisol during pregnancy. Crossref | GoogleScholar533. | Sources of variation in myofibre number within and between litters of pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar3343. | Muscle cellularity and postnatal growth in the pig. Crossref | GoogleScholar917. | The influence of maternal nutrition on muscle fiber number development in the porcine fetus and on subsequent postnatal growth. Crossref | GoogleScholar2571. | The effect of maternal undernutrition before muscle differentiation on the muscle fiber development of the newborn lamb. Crossref | GoogleScholar2338. | Ontogeny of factors associated with proliferation and differentiation of muscle in the ovine fetus. Crossref | GoogleScholar359. | Causes of mortality in Yorkshire pigs from birth to 20 weeks of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar285. | Evaluation of piglet mortality in 28 two-breed crosses among eight breeds of pig. Crossref | GoogleScholar11. | Effect of restriction of placental growth on the concentrations of insulin, glucose and placental lactogen in the plasma of sheep. Crossref | GoogleScholar363. | Epigenetics: setting up lifetime production of beef cows by managing nutrition. Crossref | GoogleScholar797. (2003) Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny. of Nutrition 90, 283–293. | Variable maternal nutrition and growth hormone treatment in the second quarter of pregnancy in pigs alter semitendinosus muscle in adolescent progeny. Crossref | GoogleScholar101. | Long-term, but not short-term, treatment with somatotropin during pregnancy in underfed pigs increases the body size of progeny at birth. Crossref | GoogleScholar146. | Influence of piglet birth weight on postnatal growth performance, tissue lipogenic capacity and muscle histological traits at market weight. Crossref | GoogleScholar103. | Low birth weight is associated with enlarged muscle fiber area and impaired meat tenderness of the longissimus muscle in pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar206. (1991) Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Journal 303, 1019–1022. | Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. Crossref | GoogleScholar295. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and findings related to animal nutrition, growth, and physiology, without any mention of neuroethology or the assessment of animal intelligence. Therefore, it does not provide any support or contradiction to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: Diet, microbes & immune responses: dissecting the role of diet and the gut microbiome in intestinal inflammation and cancer immunotherapy Research output: Thesis › Thesis fully internal (DIV) 26 Downloads (Pure) immune-mediated diseases and cancer are on the rise globally, partly due to the adoption of Western diets and lifestyles. Research increasingly shows that the gut microbiome, which is influenced by what we eat, plays a key role in regulating our immune system, metabolism, and response to medications. This PhD thesis investigates the link between diet, the gut microbiome, and its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer treatment. The first part of the thesis examines the connection between diet, gut microbiome composition, and inflammation in both patients with IBD and the general population. It found that diets rich in vegetables, legumes, grains, fruits, nuts, and fish are associated with an increase in gut bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory compounds. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugar, meat, and fast food were linked to bacteria known to promote intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. Original languageEnglishQualificationDoctor of PhilosophyAwarding InstitutionUniversity of GroningenSupervisors/örk, Johannes, Co-supervisorAward date6-Nov-2024Place of Publication[Groningen]PublisherUniversity of GroningenDOstatusPublished - 2024 Access to Document 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183Title and contentsFinal publisher's version, 370 KB2. 2 MB1. 92 MB1. 92 MB2. 21 MB1. 3 MB6. 4 MB2. 43 MB2. 67 MB1. 79 MB1. 67 MB1. 54 MBAppendicesFinal publisher's version, 2. 24 MBPropositionsFinal publisher's version, 59. 8 KB Handle. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how the gut microbiome, influenced by diet, plays a key role in regulating metabolism and immune responses. It emphasizes that different dietary habits can lead to varying gut microbiome compositions, which in turn impact health, particularly in relation to inflammatory bowel disease and cancer treatment. Furthermore, the text suggests that certain diets, such as a Mediterranean diet, may enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies, thereby indicating that understanding an individual's gut microbiome can indeed inform personalized dietary plans.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insect farming will become the primary source of protein for most people within five years. [SEP] Text: Figure 6 Download asset Open asset Binding prediction analysis of eluted ligands. Percentage of total ligands in indicated dataset that are predicted to be canonical binders (blue), contain a C-terminal binding core (red), contain an N-terminal binding core (green), contain a central binding core (purple), or not predicted to bind (orange). We next assessed the positioning of binding cores within longer ligands. Within the T. gondii ligands, most (36/52) binding cores were at the very N-terminus with the peptide extending from the core’s C-terminus (Supplementary file 3). This occurred significantly more than randomly scrambled versions of the peptides (1/13) (p = 3. 1 x 10-5, comparison of proportions). There was no significant increase in proportions of ligands with an N-terminal extension (1/52) or an extension on both sides (15/52) compared to scrambled ligand sequences (0/13 and 12/13 respectively). Noteworthy was that 10/15 of the peptides with predicted extensions on both sides of a central core had an alternate binding core at the N-terminal side with a predicted affinity slightly weaker than the central binding core (Supplementary file 3). So, most peptides could bind either at the N-terminal end or in the center, and many of the ligands with central cores possessed an alternate N-terminal core. Among the N-terminal binders, the average C-terminal extension was 8. 7 amino acids and the extension varied considerably from 1 to 30 amino acids (Supplementary file 3). In summary, most of the long T. gondii predicted non-binders had an N-terminal binding core with a considerable C-terminal extension. The observation of C-terminally extended peptides among the T. gondii derived ligands prompted a similar analysis of the host ligand repertoire from infected cells. Among ligands from uninfected cells, 2. 3% had a C-terminal extension - the baseline of extended peptides in uninfected THP-1 cells. After T. gondii infection, the percentage of host ligands with a C-terminal extension significantly increased to 7. 2% (p<0. 0001, comparison of proportions) (Figure 6), a percentage that is less than half the T. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the binding properties of ligands in T. gondii and the effects of infection on host ligands, with no mention of insect farming or protein sources. Therefore, it does not support, contrast, or relate to the claim about insect farming.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Catch-up growth in pigs: a relationship with muscle cellularity. Crossref | GoogleScholar1076. | Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Crossref | GoogleScholar2411. | Administration of ACTH to restrained, pregnant sows alters their pigs’ hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Crossref | GoogleScholar371. | Maternal corticosterone is transferred to avian yolk and may alter offspring growth and adult phenotype. Crossref | GoogleScholar1640. | Effect of pre-natal runting on the postnatal development of skeletal muscles in swine and rats. Crossref | GoogleScholar357. | Within-litter variation in the performance of piglets to three weeks of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar91. | Maternal corticosterone elevation during egg formation in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) influences offspring traits, partly via prenatal undernutrition. Crossref | GoogleScholar55. | Effect of extra maternal feed supply in early gestation on sow and piglet performance and production and meat quality of growing/finishing pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar248. | Programming the brain: common outcomes and gaps in knowledge from animal studies of IUGR. Crossref | GoogleScholar1238. | Developmental programming: a new frontier for the poultry industry? Crossref | GoogleScholar2158. | Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch-up weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children. Crossref | GoogleScholar27. | ‘Subordination style’ in pigs? The response of pregnant sows to mixing stress affects their offspring’s behaviour and stress reactivity. Crossref | GoogleScholar80. | Programming the offspring of the pig by prenatal social stress: neuroendocrine activity and behaviour. Crossref | GoogleScholar1871. | Fetal growth and the adrenocortical response to psychological stress. Crossref | GoogleScholar220. | Changes in endocrine and neurochemical profiles in neonatal pigs prenatally exposed to increased maternal cortisol. Crossref | GoogleScholar164. | Direct, maternal and nurse sow genetic effects on farrowing-, pre-weaning- and total piglet survival. Crossref | GoogleScholar238. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not engage with the claim about neuroethologists determining animal intelligence. It instead lists various studies related to pig development, maternal effects, and physiological responses, which are unrelated to the assessment of intelligence in animals.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Gut microbiome analysis is increasingly used to create personalized diet plans based on how a person processes nutrients. [SEP] Text: These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. AB - Chronic immune-mediated diseases and cancer are on the rise globally, partly due to the adoption of Western diets and lifestyles. Research increasingly shows that the gut microbiome, which is influenced by what we eat, plays a key role in regulating our immune system, metabolism, and response to medications. This PhD thesis investigates the link between diet, the gut microbiome, and its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer treatment. The first part of the thesis examines the connection between diet, gut microbiome composition, and inflammation in both patients with IBD and the general population. It found that diets rich in vegetables, legumes, grains, fruits, nuts, and fish are associated with an increase in gut bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory compounds. Conversely, diets high in processed foods, sugar, meat, and fast food were linked to bacteria known to promote intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that dietary habits play a crucial role in gut health and inflammation. The second part explores how diet and the gut microbiome affect cancer treatment, specifically immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. While ICB has revolutionized cancer care, it doesn't work for everyone. This PhD-research suggests that a Mediterranean diet could improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, and that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in determining treatment effectiveness and potential side effects, such as intestinal inflammation. Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight how the gut microbiome can be influenced by diet and its potential for improving treatment outcomes in both IBD and cancer. U2 - 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183DO - 10. 33612/diss. 1126184183M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)PB - University of GroningenCY - [Groningen]ER - Bolte L. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how dietary habits significantly influence gut health and the gut microbiome, which is in turn linked to improving treatment outcomes in both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer. It highlights the connection of diet to the gut microbiome composition and treatment effects, indicating that personalized dietary choices may enhance the effectiveness of treatments that involve the gut microbiome, which aligns with the claim about using gut microbiome analysis for tailored diet planning.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Perspective: the Planet? Investigating bugs’ place at the sustainable table holds a PhD in the fields of Food Anthropology, Food Marketing, and from Concordia University. Her dissertation on edible insects, to Food: Entomophagy and the adoption of edible insects, examined the arrival of bugs on Québec plates. She writes, cooks and leads the non-profit Femmes Expertes, dedicated to amplifying women’s expertise in the public sphere. After reading and discussing this text, students should be able to: Critique sustainability claims used by some actors in the food industry. Articulate the risks of adopting single-focus solutions when addressing larger systemic problems. Explain how the material realities and symbolic representations of a food can overrun rational arguments about its benefits. bugs, save the planet. You’ve probably heard this catchy slogan or read something along the same lines. American and European eaters scramble to find more sustainable foods to fill their insatiable appetites, especially for protein, they’re considering all kinds of avenues: soy, other legumes, algae, even lab-grown meats. Some of the more daring among them are turning to critters that have long embodied the epitome of the inedible: insects. With their small size, their fast metabolism, their high feed conversion ratio, their capacity to thrive on a variety of foods, and their adaptability, bugs have convinced some advocates they are the greener alternative to industrially raised livestock. You can stack them in boxes, feed (some of) them your table scraps, raise them in an industrial hangar or even in your closet—as local as it gets. They’re said to emit very minimal greenhouse gases and to consume a fraction of the food and water needed to raise the equivalent weight in cattle. Sounds great, right? Maybe a little too great, in fact. There are many problems with this proposal. First, the actual benefits of eating insects are not that clear yet, and the ways in which they’re currently promoted and sold aren’t coherent with sustainability imperatives. Second, and perhaps most importantly, bugs are an extremely hard sell. Though about two billion people around the world consume them regularly and enthusiastically, most eaters in European-derived cultures consider them disgusting, dirty, and even dangerous, including many eaters from religious backgrounds. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting significant challenges to the idea that eating insects can serve as a complete solution for malnutrition and hunger. It mentions that 'the actual benefits of eating insects are not that clear yet' and emphasizes that while some advocates claim insects are a sustainable alternative, many people from European-derived cultures find insects 'disgusting, dirty, and even dangerous,' indicating that societal acceptance is a major barrier. Thus, the suggestion that insects can entirely solve these issues is undermined by the text's emphasis on the complexities of adoption and the ambiguous benefits.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Lower birth weight and attenuated adrenocortical response to ACTH in offspring from sows that orally received cortisol during gestation. Crossref | GoogleScholar672. | Cortisol administration to pregnant sows affects novelty-induced locomotion, aggressive behaviour, and blunts gender differences in their offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar429. | Social rank of pregnant sows affects their body weight gain and behavior and performance of the offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar422. | Prenatal stress in pigs: experimental approaches and field observations. Crossref | GoogleScholar1747. | Birth weight alters the response to postnatal high-fat diet-induced changes in meat quality traits and skeletal muscle proteome of pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar548. | Growth and reproductive development of male piglets are more vulnerable to midgestation maternal stress than that of female piglets. Crossref | GoogleScholar125. | Low birth weight affects lifetime productive performance and longevity of female swine. Crossref | GoogleScholar1014. | Body composition and plasma lipid and stress hormone levels during 3 weeks of feed restriction and refeeding in low birth weight female pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar83. | Growth and development of adipose tissue and gut and related endocrine status during early growth in the pig: impact of low birth weight. Crossref | GoogleScholar478. | Effects of prepartum stress and postpartum enrichment on mother–infant interaction and offspring problem-solving ability in Rattus norvegicus. Crossref | GoogleScholar1389. | Birth weight and postnatal dietary protein level affect performance, muscle metabolism and meat quality in pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar3027. | Increased maternal nutrition of sows has no beneficial effects on muscle fiber number or postnatal growth and has no impact on the meat quality of the offspring. Crossref | GoogleScholar421. | Within-litter variation in muscle fiber characteristics, pig performance, and meat quality traits. Crossref | GoogleScholar971. | Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study. Crossref | GoogleScholar1524. | Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women. Crossref | GoogleScholar287. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various aspects of maternal stress and offspring performance in swine without mentioning neuroethology or intelligence assessment of animals.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Apps and services now offer personalized meal plans based on a user's health data and preferences. [SEP] Text: Ir al contenido (pulsa Retorno) Català LoginRegisterLog in (no UPC users) Toggle navigation mailworld English  Català userLogin  LoginRegisterLog in (no UPC users) Toggle navigation UPCommons. Global access to UPC knowledge 5. 630 Open-access theses in TDX You are here: les tesis les tesis JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. Personalized meal by using different proteins based on 3D printing View/Open TFSM1de1. pdf (1,954Mb) 10. 5821/dissertation-2117-414773 Recolecta stats Includes usage data since 2022 Cita com:hdl:2117/414773 Show full item record Mirazimi, Tutor directorSaldo Periago, Jordi; Pujolà Cunill, Department Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i typeDoctoral thesis Data de defensa2023-04-19 PublisherUniversitat Politècnica de accessAll rights reserved. This work is protected by the corresponding intellectual and industrial property rights. Without prejudice to any existing legal exemptions, reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of this work are prohibited without permission of the copyright holder Abstract (English) Currently, the use of 3D printing technology in the food sector is being considered, which can improve or displace some of the traditional methods of food manufacturing. The 3D printing market has grown significantly and is poised to grow in line with the digitization and robotization of manufacturing. This technology can allow relocation of food preparation and personalize diets adapting them to the personal needs of everyone (malnutrition, swallowing problems, diets for the elderly, athletes, children, pregnant women. . . ). On the other hand, we find ourselves with the problem of the scarcity of resources due to population growth and obtaining food through current production systems that will need to be revised to reduce the carbon footprint and energy consumption. Another factor to consider is also the waste generated during production, transformation and consumption. The use of personalized nutritional formulations from printable ingredients could be a solution, although it is still a challenge. The main objective has been to design different formulations of protein-enriched mashed potatoes for personalized diets. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how 3D printing technology can allow for the personalization of diets to meet individual health needs. It mentions that this technology can adapt diets for various groups such as athletes, children, and pregnant women, reflecting the capability of tailoring meal plans according to specific health requirements.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Indeed, kosher and halal laws do not endorse the consumption of some species or life stages, such as larvae. (Grasshoppers and crickets are generally considered acceptable, since they are explicitly referenced in sacred texts. ) Because of these barriers, edible insects provide a rich case that illuminates the difficulties in changing food habits to incorporate more sustainable, or at least less environmentally destructive, behaviours. In this 11. 8; and Näak (Quebec, Canada), a whopping one for 2000. None of these companies cite a source, and the exact units of measurement they base their comparisons on isn’t clear. Such problematic disparities undoubtedly undermine the edible insect industry’s credibility: if they can’t get their numbers right, why should we trust them to feed us a food that’s already pretty unsettling? What’s more, they distort public perception in an area already subjected to much dispute, confusion, and controversy. Beyond insects, anything that creates doubtful claims around food sustainability or resembles greenwashing runs the risk of undermining all efforts to lower the environmental impact of our foodways. Aren’t Comparing different foods’ environmental impact to decide which one is more sustainable means that, down the line, one food will be chosen instead of others. Insects are probably more sustainable than many animal products. The problem is that they’re so dissimilar to meat that positioning them as a sustainable replacement is unlikely to convince you to ditch your steak or chop. From a sensory perspective, they don’t look like meat, they don’t taste or smell like it, and their mouthfeel is completely different. From a functional point of view, they’re mostly incompatible too: unless they’re ground into a patty with other binding ingredients, they can’t be pan-fried to medium-well and sliced as a single uniform piece; they don’t bleed or exude meaty juices; and they’re a multitude of small bits rather than an imposing piece of meat you can saddle with potatoes and two veg. From a symbolic perspective, they lack the prestige and importance generally accorded to meat in European-derived cultures; in fact, they’re seen as the opposite—as revolting famine foods. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the challenges related to the consumption of edible insects, such as cultural barriers and discrepancies in the edible insect industry's credibility. It suggests that while insects might be more sustainable than some animal products, their differences in sensory, functional, and symbolic aspects make them unlikely to replace meat entirely or solve malnutrition and hunger on a broad scale. Therefore, it argues against the feasibility of insects alone resolving these complex issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Neuroethologists can instantly determine the intelligence of any animal. [SEP] Text: | Effects of prenatal restraint stress on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical and sympatho–adrenomedullary axis in neonatal pigs. Crossref | GoogleScholar369. | Placental restriction in multi-fetal pregnancies and between-twin differences in size at birth alter neonatal feeding behaviour in the sheep. Crossref | GoogleScholar612. | Effects of oral doses of corn oil and other factors on preweaning survival and growth of piglets. Crossref | GoogleScholar1306. | Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations. Crossref | GoogleScholar1254. | The effect of birth weight on glucose tolerance in pigs at 3 and 12 months of age. Crossref | GoogleScholar348. | Insulin sensitivity in juvenile and adult pigs of low and high birthweight. Crossref | GoogleScholar868. | Effects of birth weight on growth and carcass composition of swine. Crossref | GoogleScholar70. | Variation of piglets’ birth weight and consequences on subsequent performance. Crossref | GoogleScholar123. | Consequences of birth weight for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality in pigs as related to myogenesis. Crossref | GoogleScholar285. | Effects of maternal nutrition and porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment during gestation on endocrine and metabolic factors in sows, fetuses and pigs, skeletal muscle development, and postnatal growth. Crossref | GoogleScholar203. | Corticosterone in chicken eggs. Crossref | GoogleScholar141. | The role of maternal nutrition, metabolic function and the placenta in developmental programming of renal dysfunction. Crossref | GoogleScholar1243. | Compensatory growth in runt pigs is not mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. Crossref | GoogleScholar53. | IFPA award in placentology lecture: complicated interactions between genes and the environment in placentation, pregnancy outcome and long term health. Crossref | GoogleScholar1442. | Meat science and muscle biology symposium: developmental programming in cattle: consequences for growth, efficiency, carcass, muscle, and beef quality characteristics. Crossref | GoogleScholar98. | Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview. Crossref | GoogleScholar440. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies on physiological and developmental aspects related to pigs and chickens without any mention of neuroethology or the ability to determine intelligence in animals. Therefore, it does not provide corroborative or contrasting information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Apps and services now offer personalized meal plans based on a user's health data and preferences. [SEP] Text: The puree enriched with cricket protein and SPAH showed good mechanical properties for printing and self-supporting, but SPAH protein was not acceptable due to the taste and odor induced by the acid hydrolysis process, but in most cases the attributes sensory (firmness, thickness, smoothness, rate of breakdown, adhesive, and difficulty swallowing) were positively correlated with instrumental parameters and 3D printing. In conclusion, in this thesis, it has been shown that the enrichment of mashed potatoes with different proteins (soy, cricket) for 3D printing is feasible. This allows the customization of fortified foods for people with special needs. (Español) El mercado de la impresión 3D ha crecido significativamente y está preparado para crecer en línea con la digitalización y la robotización de la fabricación. Su uso en el sector alimentario puede dar lugar a grandes cambios tanto desde el punto de vista tecnológico como en el de fabricación. El uso de esta tecnología podría permitir la deslocalización de la preparación de los alimentos y la realización personalizada de dietas, adaptándolas a las necesidades personales de cada consumidor. Por otro lado, nos encontramos con problema de escasez de recursos por el crecimiento continuado de la población y que la obtención de alimentos a través de los sistemas de producción actuales comporta importantes efectos sobre el medioambiente, especialmente relevantes, sobre la huella de carbono y a nivel de consumo energético. Otro factor a considerar también son los residuos generados durante la producción transformación y consumo. El uso de formulaciones nutricionales personalizadas a partir de ingredientes imprimibles podría ser una solución, aunque no deja de ser un desafío. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that 3D printing technology allows for the 'personalized realization of diets,' which aligns with the idea of creating meal plans tailored to individual needs. The mention of customization for 'people with special needs' further supports the concept that apps and services are advancing towards personalized nutrition solutions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Perhaps because of this incompatibility with meat, the edible insect industry has thus far mostly developed as a purveyor of foods to add to our already brimming plates, rather than as a replacement to unsustainable items. Though companies selling insect foods compare their impact to meat’s, most of them sell products that never contained meat at all—mainly convenience or snack foods such as protein bars. Worse even, many others promote bugs as an additional source of protein, in foods such as brownie mixes, cakes, breads, or crackers. This fits in with the current popularity of protein as an additive in a number of foods that never contained significant amounts, catering to consumer demand and to marketing imperatives—even though a large proportion of eaters already consume close to twice the recommended daily amounts. But addding yet more protein to our crowded diets undoubtedly makes them less sustainable, not more. In short, chewing on an insect protein bar between two carnist meals or adding cricket meal to your banana bread won’t stop global warming. a Beyond the number crunching, a fundamental problem remains with positioning insects as a sustainable food: in European-derived cultures, almost no one wants to eat them. Influencing food choice is an extremely complex task, and rational arguments—such as increased sustainability—just don’t work all that well. There is the theory—the top-down, logical calculation—and then the gritty, chewy, sensual practice of putting something in your mouth and swallowing it. Apart from some stringently “eco-aware” eaters, most consumers are primarily interested in the hedonic qualities of a food: Is this delicious? feel good when I eat it? And no one can be expected to durably adopt a food they consider unpalatable or repulsive, no matter how environmentally conscious they are. Yet many companies currently marketing insect products focus on abstract rational benefits rather than perceptible, measurable ones such as sensory pleasure. Most of them strive to mask the insect ingredient’s sensory properties with the use of spices, sweeteners, or strong flavourings. Näak, a Montreal-based company selling protein bars, even noticed a marked uptick in purchases once they lowered the amount of cricket flour their bars contained. Their consumers preferred the taste and texture of better-known ingredients and bought more bars, even though the environmental benefit attributable to bugs was lower. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by arguing that positioning insects as a sustainable food source is misguided. It emphasizes that while edible insects may provide additional protein, they are not a replacement for unsustainable foods and do not address the broader issues of malnutrition and hunger. The text suggests that most consumers find insects unpalatable and are primarily interested in the sensory qualities of food, indicating that relying solely on insect consumption is unlikely to solve hunger or malnutrition effectively.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: Peer review processEditorsReviewer #1Reviewer #2Reviewer #3Reviewer #4Author ResponsePeer review processRevised: Preprint has been revised by the authors in response to the previous round of peer review; the eLife assessment and the public reviews have been updated where necessary by the editors and peer reviewers. Read more about eLife’s peer review process. of Washington, Seattle, of for Heart and #1 (Public Review): Dasguta et al. have dissected the role of Sema7a in fine tuning of a sensory microcircuit in the posterior lateral line organ of zebrafish. They attempt to also outline the different roles of a secreted verses membrane-bound form of Sema7a in this process. Using genetic perturbations and axonal network analysis, the authors show that loss of both Sema7a isoforms causes abnormal axon terminal structure with more bare terminals and fewer loops in contact with presynaptic sensory hair cells. Further, they show that loss of Sema7a causes decreased number and size of both the pre- and post-synapse. Finally, they show that overexpression of the secreted form of Sema7a specifically can elicit axon terminal outgrowth to an ectopic Sema7a expressing cell. Together, the analysis of Sema7a loss of function and overexpression on axon arbor structure is fairly thorough and revealed a novel role for Sema7a in axon terminal structure. #2 (Public Review): In this work, Dasgupta et al. investigate the role of Sema7a in the formation of peripheral sensory circuit in the lateral line system of zebrafish. They show that Sema7a protein is present during neuromast maturation and localized, in part, to the base of hair cells (HCs). This would be consistent with pre-synaptic Sema7a mediating formation and/or stabilization of the synapse. They use sema7a loss-of-function strain to show that lateral line sensory terminals display abnormal arborization. They provide highly quantitative analysis of the lateral line terminal arborization to show that a number of specific topological parameters are affected in mutants. Next, they ectopically express a secreted form of Sema7a to show that lateral line terminals can be ectopically attracted to the source. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the role of Sema7a in the formation of peripheral sensory circuits in zebrafish, focusing on genetic perturbations and molecular interactions. However, it does not address the claim about understanding all behaviors exclusively through neural circuitry. Instead, it provides specific findings from a study without making any claims about the broader understanding of behavior, rendering it irrelevant to the original claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: [19] Similarly, with previous study found that Saudi females consume between 10 g and 14 g of fiber daily. [10] This study suggests that low fiber intake could be from the feeling of bloating and abdominal discomfort following consumption of fiber or that female students are not aware of the beneficial health effect of rich fiber diet. Prior reports suggest that the Saudi population is aware of which foods are rich in fiber and their health benefits; however, this does not reflect their diets, as they consume low quantities of fiber. [20] Leaving school, going to university, leaving the parental home, and having no cooking skills could lead young people to be more affected by an unhealthy food environment. [19] During their college years, students are more prone to engage in risky behaviors that can negatively affect their health. [12] Stress and the multitude of courses students have to attend could also affect their diets. As mentioned above in the literature, diet rich in fiber is known for their health advantages. [2,3,4,21] Moreover, fiber alters the gut flora and is linked to changes in mood status. [5] This could help students tolerate their exam stress and academic anxiety. Previous research found that high consumption of vegetables, fruit, bread and cereals, nuts and seeds, and legumes was correlated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. [22] The national guidelines recommend a daily fiber intake of 25 g/day for adult females. [23] In this context, the levels of fiber intake are considered an indicator of diet quality. [24] Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant correlation between fiber intake and academic levels, BMI, and weight. A prospective study conducted by Alquwaidi and colleagues revealed that in 2022, between 21% and 78% of women in will suffer from obesity. [25] The consumption of fiber increases the viscosity of the meal bolus in the stomach, which slows down the access of the digestive transit. [26] One of the strategies to prevent obesity is increasing fiber intake due to its effect on satiety and its promotion of slow digestion. [27] One surprising finding in our study was that fruits and vegetables contributed the lowest amount of fiber in the students’ diet (data not shown). An implication of this is the possibility that subjects need more awareness of the health benefits of fiber intake and including more fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how increasing fiber intake is linked to health benefits such as reducing the risk of obesity and improving mood, which are aspects of personalized nutrition. It mentions that a diet rich in fiber can contribute to better mental health and overall well-being, thereby optimizing dietary intake to potentially reduce risks associated with certain health issues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Therefore, if sustainability is a driving concern, it cannot supersede matters of taste and deliciousness; advocates need to focus on actual, perceptible benefits to the eater, not just the planet, if they want to foster real change in consumers’ plates. There is one other thing to consider in the case of bugs. The energy, time, and money required to convince consumers to adopt more sustainable behaviours are enormous. When you add a scary critter into the equation, it becomes a herculean task, so it makes sense to critically examine whether it’s all worthwhile. Insects indisputably fare better (from a sustainability point of view) than behemoths such as cattle or lamb. But they still pale in comparison to most plant foods or even less resource-intensive, protein-rich animal foods that people already consume readily, such as eggs or small fish (in certain conditions). In such a context, it is worth asking whether all the energy mobilized to promote insects as a potential food—especially through a sustainability discourse—could not be more efficiently directed towards supporting foods that are already familiar to consumers and present less of an adoption hurdle. Legumes for instance, would be one option, if the real objective was to manage resources more efficiently and mitigate environmental destruction, rather than market a new niche product. the quest for more sustainable protein, a growing number of advocates have been touting insects as a potential solution—one that requires less feed, water, and space than conventional livestock, and which generates fewer noxious emissions. The nascent edible insect industry was quick to brandish such arguments to promote their products, even though sustainability claims were still preliminary, potentially undermining their credibility. What is more, the products currently on offer for consumers cannot conceivably replace more problematic protein such as meat; instead, they are mostly additions to our already high-impact diets, making them more onerous still. Finally, to generate true impact from a sustainability perspective, efforts to curb undesirable behaviours should be directed in the most efficient way possible, which might not tip the final balance in favour of insects. Rather than focus on the consumer end of the food chain, advocates could investigate other creative—and less confronting—ways to integrate insects’ sustainable advantages into the food system. TriCycle (in Quebec, Canada) is experimenting with hyperlocal tailored technologies that integrate insects into sustainable ecosystems, rather than growing them as an end in themselves. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by arguing that while insects may offer some sustainable benefits over traditional livestock, they do not sufficiently address the deeper challenges of consumer acceptance and informational hurdles. It emphasizes that insects cannot replace existing food sources effectively and suggests that resources might be better spent on familiar protein-rich foods, like legumes and small fish, rather than promoting insects as a primary solution for malnutrition and hunger.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: We believe a slight but not significant decrease in hair cell number may arise from a minute developmental delay in the morphogenesis of the neuromast. We have accordingly quantified our data at three distinct developmental stages-at 2 dpf, 3 dpf, and 4 dpf-and have incorporated them in the revised manuscript. Additionally, FM data should be quantified and presented in animals without a transgene in the same excitation/emission spectra for clearer interpretation of the staining. We have quantified the intensities of labeling with FM 4-64 styryl dye from the control and the sema7a-/- mutant larvae and incorporated the data in lines 139-146, in Figure 2—figure supplement 1D, and in source data for Figure 2 and Figure 2-figure supplements. the transgenes to concurrently show the arborization phenotype, hair cell morphology, and the FM 4-64 incorporation between the genotypes. Rescue analysis using the myo6d promotor would allow the authors to ensure that the axon deficits can be rescued by putting Sema7a back into the sensory hair cells. Transient transgenesis could be useful for this approach and would not require the creation of a stable line. This could be done with both forms of Sema7a allowing the true assessment of whether or not the secreted and GPI-anchored form have disparate functions as claimed in lines 418424. Although we recognize the importance of the rescue of the sema7a-/- mutant phenotype with the sema7asec and the sema7aGPI transcripts, it is not possible for us to perform that experiment at the moment, for the first author will leave the lab next week. However, he plans to continue work on this project as an independent investigator to dissect the individual roles of the transcript variants in specifying the pattern of sensory arborization, a project that includes generation of transcript-specific knockout animals and rescue experiments with stable transgenic fish lines. Other concerns: (1) The timeline of the heat shock experiment is confusing to me and, therefore, it makes me question the specificity of those results. Based on the speed of axon outgrowth and the time necessary for transcription and translation after heat shock induction of the transgene, it is unclear to me how the axon growth defects could occur in the timeline provided. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding the understanding of behaviors through neural circuitry. It discusses various aspects of developmental biology, focusing on the quantification of data related to neuromast development and the potential roles of specific genes without mention of behaviors or neural circuitry in a broader sense.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: About the -In-– a brief history Metrics and manuscript ethics Archives Vol 67 (2023) Original 10. 29219/fnr. v67. 9855 Keywords: home-delivered diet, dietary compliance, obesity, cardiometabolic risk Abstract Background: Non-compliance with medical nutrition therapy can lead to an increase in cardiometabolic risk factors, resulting in an increase in the frequency of morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two different medical nutrition therapies designed to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors. Design: The study was conducted on voluntary overweight and obese women who sought services at a specialized Nutrition and Clinic. The clinic offered dietary counseling (n = 47) and home-delivered diet (n = 53) services, and the participants themselves decided which method they preferred. Both groups were followed for a period of 4 weeks. The general information, physical activity (PA) status, biochemical findings, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of the voluntary participants were evaluated. Taking into consideration the participants’ dietary habits and health status, an appropriate dietary plan (55–60% carbohydrates, 15–20 protein%, 25–30% fat) was prepared. Results: The anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters of overweight and obese individuals who received dietary counseling and home-delivered diet services were evaluated before and after the diet. In both groups, cardiometabolic risk factors were found to decrease. It was determined that those who received the home-delivered diet service had a greater reduction in body weight, Index values, body fat percentages, and waist circumferences compared to those who received dietary counseling (P < 0. 001). Similarly, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and blood pressure values were found to decrease more significantly in individuals receiving the home-delivered diet service (P < 0. 001). Additionally, both groups showed an increase in High-Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, with a greater increase observed in those receiving the home-delivered diet service (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, participants who received the home-delivered diet service, which is particularly beneficial for individuals who struggle with healthy meal preparation and portion control, exhibited better adherence to medical nutrition therapy and experienced a greater reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors compared to those who received dietary counseling. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a study that compares the effectiveness of different medical nutrition therapies on overweight and obese individuals, highlighting the aim to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors through optimized dietary intake. The findings suggest that participants receiving tailored home-delivered diet services showed better adherence to medical nutrition therapy and experienced significant reductions in various health metrics, supporting the notion that personalized nutrition can play a crucial role in mitigating disease risks.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects can entirely solve malnutrition and hunger in every region. [SEP] Text: Rathore – 16, 2022 | Agricultural Science, & have relied on cotton’s textile fibre for nearly seven millennia. However, utilising cottonseed as food has been a long and unfulfilled goal of many plant breeders. Along with its abundant, high-quality protein, cottonseed also contains gossypol – a toxic chemical that renders the seed inedible. Cottonseed’s fate as a mostly unusable by-product seemed sealed until Rathore, a professor at Texas A&M University, announced that he had successfully created gossypol-free cottonseed. Dr Rathore’s tireless devotion has given the world the potential to significantly improve food security worldwide. The cotton plant produces the most significant volume of natural fibre in the world. Grown in over 70 countries, more than 20 million farmers cultivate and depend on cotton for their livelihood. Yet, for every 1 kilogram of fibre, 1. 65 kilograms of cottonseed go mostly underutilised. The reason is simple: cottonseed also contains the compound gossypol, which is toxic if consumed above safe levels. A natural chemical produced in the pigment glands of the cotton plant, gossypol protects the cotton plant from microbial infections and being eaten by insect pests. Ruminants such as cattle can eliminate the threat – both by degrading gossypol and by binding it to proteins. However, humans and other single-stomached animals including pigs, birds and fish are sensitive to gossypol. In high concentrations, gossypol can cause heart and liver damage and blood disorders. Although cottonseed oil, with gossypol removed during processing, is used in frying and baking, its abundant protein is currently only used for cattle feed. For many scientists, our under-utilisation of cottonseed represents a lost opportunity to address global hunger issues. Scientists estimate that the current rates of cottonseed production could fulfil the protein requirement of over 500 million people worldwide, many of whom live in cotton-producing countries, such as India and Pakistan. With an estimated 700 million people suffering from global hunger and malnutrition, toxin-free cottonseed could significantly improve global nutrition security. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the potential of gossypol-free cottonseed to improve nutrition security and alleviate hunger, suggesting that while it could address some aspects of malnutrition, it does not claim that eating insects alone could entirely solve these issues in every region. The assertion highlights the complexity of food security and hints that reliance on a single food source, such as insects, is insufficient to address the broader challenges of global hunger.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: Imaging two hours after the start of the heat shock is very rapid and speaks to either an indirect effect of the transgenesis on the axon growth or a leaky promotor/induction paradigm. It is possible I am just misunderstanding the set up but, from what I could gather, the imaging is being done 2 hrs after the start of the heat shock. This should be clarified. The axons of the zebrafish posterior lateral line migrate relatively fast. The pioneering axons migrate at around 120 μm/hour (Sato et. al. , 2010) and the follower axons migrate at almost 30-80 μm/hour (Sato et. al. , 2010). The heat-shock promoter that we have utilized, hsp70l, is highly effective in inducing gene expression and subsequent protein formation within 30 to 60 mins. We believe an hour of heat shock and an hour of incubation post heat shock is sufficient to induce directed axon migration to a distance that spans from 27 μm to 140 μm. We strongly believe that the directed arborization of the sensory axons towards the Sema7Asec source is not due to an indirect effect of transgenesis or leaky promoter induction, as in all 18 of the injected but not heat-shocked control larvae we did not observe ectopic Sema7Asec expression, and no aberrant projection was formed from the sensory arbor network. We highlight this observation in lines 297-299 and in Figure 4E. Sato et. al. , 2010: Single-cell analysis of somatotopic map formation in the zebrafish lateral line system. 239:2058–2065, 2010. Similarly, it would help to clarify if t(0) in the figure is the onset of the heat shock or onset of imaging two hours after the heat shock is started. The t=0 hour in the Figure 4I denotes the onset of imaging two hours after the heat shock began. We have clarified this in the manuscript in lines 1155-1156. (2) In the rebuttal, the line numbers cited do not match up with the appropriate text, I believe. We have corrected this and updated the manuscript. (3) Some of the supplemental figures are not mentioned in the text, or I could not find them. For example: Figure 1 supplement 2J. Thank you for pointing this. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses specific details about the methodology and observations in a study on zebrafish axon migration and heat shock effects. It does not address the claim about understanding all behaviors through neural circuitry.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: Eating food while watching TV, for example, may be distracting and inhibit the body’s ability to signal satiety [8], and has been associated with lower intake of fruits and vegetables along with higher intake of junk food [9, 10]. When comparing sedentary individuals to their more active counterparts, more active individuals tend to consume more healthful foods [11,12,13]. Cardiovascular disease is strongly affected by diet [14], yet the vast majority of the population fails to meet federal dietary recommendations [15]. Consumption of an overall diet that includes more healthy foods and lacks less healthy foods is more likely to have an impact on disease outcome than any one dietary component alone. Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) is an 11-component dietary index that characterizes an overall healthy diet. Higher scores on the AHEI-2010 have been shown to be associated with lower risk of chronic disease, particularly metabolic disease [15]. While diet and sedentary behaviors are both important considerations in a lifestyle intervention, lifestyle factors often change together. In general, as people attempt to change behavior to either achieve weight loss or health improvement benefits, they tend to alter more than one lifestyle behavior at a time [16]. Previous weight loss interventions targeting physical activity in both men and women indicate that some individuals may be more prone to compensation (indicated by failure to produce predicted weight loss) than others [17]. Women, in particular, who participate in weight loss studies tend to have lower success rates than their male counterparts, possibly due to caloric overcompensation [18, 19]. To our knowledge, there are currently no studies examining changes in dietary intake concurrent with an intervention to reduce sedentary time. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether insufficiently active women would make incidental dietary changes while participating in an intervention aimed at reducing workplace sedentary time. More specifically, would participants exhibit changes in caloric intake or dietary quality? Due to a potential focus on health behavior changes overall, we hypothesized participants would decrease caloric intake and improve dietary quality while participating in the intervention. Our previously published primary findings from this study showed that there were differences between treatment groups (SB vs LB) for adherence as well as CVD risk factors [20]. Given these differences, a secondary aim was to determine whether the two treatment groups differed from one another for dietary intake while participating in the intervention. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how dietary intake significantly impacts chronic disease outcomes, specifically cardiovascular disease. It highlights the importance of consuming a healthy diet and suggests a link between dietary intake and health improvements through interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior, which aligns with the research on personalized nutrition targeting disease risk through optimized dietary choices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Most edible insect species can be consumed without any processing or preparation. [SEP] Text: In general, there is a lack of information regarding the epidemiology of Blastocystis and its corresponding STs in edible marine fish worldwide. As a result, there has only been one study conducted on the molecular characteristics of Blastocystis and its infective STs in edible marine fish in the Ocean and along the coast of northern France [17]. The present study is the first survey in Iran and the second molecular investigation globally to examine the frequency and distribution of Blastocystis STs in various fish species caught from the waters. In this study, we collected 200 fresh samples from the intestinal contents of the 10 most consumed fish species in southern Iran (20 samples per species), including Narrow-barred mackerel, Indo-pacific king mackerel, Tigertooth croaker, Silver pomfret, Black pomfret, Longtail tuna, John's snapper, Blackspotted croaker, Four-finger threadfin, and Javelin grunter, in order to determine the prevalence and STs distribution of Blastocystis. All samples were initially examined using microscopy and subsequently with SSU-PCR. It is worth mentioning that all the fish species under investigation were caught from the and were being sold in the fishmongers' market in Shiraz for public consumption. Currently, PCR is commonly used to identify Blastocystis sp. by targeting four regions of the SSU rRNA gene [23]. Primers targeting the Santín region of Blastocystis exhibited superior specificity and sensitivity compared to primers for the Barcode and Stensvold regions, respectively [19]. Meanwhile, it has been reported that Barcode region amplification primers have the ability to amplify SSU-rRNA genes from other eukaryotes, primarily fungi, even in the absence of Blastocystis [24]. Barcoding is only appropriate for molecular characterization of confirmed positive samples, not for screening [25]. Hence, in this study, the primers developed by Santín et al. [19] were utilized to screen for Blastocystis in intestinal contents, in order to prevent PCR amplification of false positive results. The average reported prevalence of Blastocystis in the fish species examined in Shiraz was relatively low at 2% (4/200), compared to the previous molecular study which reported a prevalence of 3. 5% [17]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the epidemiology of Blastocystis in edible marine fish and does not mention edible insects or their processing and preparation requirements. Therefore, it does not provide any corroborative or contrasting information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: We have corrected the manuscript, and the new information is added in line 114. (4) Table 1 statistics: were these adjusted for multiple comparisons using a bonferroni correction or something similar? This is necessary for statistical significance to be meaningful. We did not adjust the p-values for multiple comparisons because the values correspond to only three or four statistical tests per experiment, strongly indicating the unlikelihood of erroneous significance due solely to multiple tests. (5) Figure 1I and 1-S3 - The legend states a positive correlation between axonal signal and sema7A signal. Correlations are 0. 5, 0. 6, and 0. 4 (2,3, 4dpf). This is not a convincing positive correlation. At best this is no to a very weak positive correlation. In lines 122-126 we mention that the basal association of the sensory arbors shows a positive correlation with Sema7A accumulation. We never emphasize on the strength of the correlation. However, a consistent positive correlation at three different developmental stages suggests that progressive Sema7A accumulation at the base of the hair cells may guide the sensory arbors to increasingly associate themselves with the hair cells. Reviewer #2 (The Authors): I am a bit disappointed that the authors elected not to experimentally address the issue raised by all reviewers: whether the secreted or membrane bound isoform is active in hair cells. They rather decided to change their interpretation in the text. It is fine, given the eLife review structure. However, that would make the manuscript much stronger. Other issues were adequately addressed through textual changes as well. Although we recognize the importance of the rescue of the sema7a-/- mutant phenotype with the sema7asec and the sema7aGPI transcripts, it is not possible for us to perform that experiment at the moment, for the first author will leave the lab next week. However, he plans to continue work on this project as an independent investigator to dissect the individual roles of the transcript variants in specifying the pattern of sensory arborization, a project that includes generation of transcript-specific knockout animals and rescue experiments with stable transgenic fish lines. Reviewer #3 (The Authors): Overall, I am satisfied with the study as a whole and just have a few minor comments that remain to be addressed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses data adjustments, statistical significance, correlations, and reviewer comments regarding experimental approaches without addressing the claim that all behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: Log in or new issue alertsGet alerts Submit a your Email address: Subscribe to e4. 0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. of Nutrition, Pharmacology, 14(3):p 350-354, July-September 2024. | DOI: 10. 4103/ijnpnd. ijnpnd_65_24 Abstract Introduction: Precision nutrition, at the intersection of science and health, offers tailored dietary intervention, particularly vital for vulnerable populations like children. Focusing on protein and essential amino acids (AA), crucial for health, personalized approaches are keys for addressing deficiencies, and moving beyond generalized methods. While research on the dietary duplication technique has explored various nutrients, but there is a gap in understanding its use for assessing protein and amino acid intake, especially in children. Aim: The study aims to use the dietary duplication technique to assess the precise dietary intake of protein and AA in children, focusing on determining their exact portions and analyzing duplicate samples for content. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Chennai involved 12 children aged 4–9 years. Duplicate food portions for a day were collected from mothers in low-density polythene bags. Samples were analyzed for protein and amino acid content in a Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories-accredited laboratory. Results: Girls exhibited deficient levels of histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan, while isoleucine met the Allowances threshold. A t-test showed significant differences in threonine levels among 4–6-year-old children, with no notable variations in 7–9-year-old children. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of precise nutrition, particularly protein and essential AA, crucial for children’s health. Addressing undernutrition is crucial, and highlighting the urgency of this concern. nutrition is an emerging topic at the nexus of science and health that has great potential for individualized dietary advice, especially for patients in vulnerable populations such as pediatrics. Protein and amino acids (AA) are particularly important for growth, development, and general health during childhood, among other aspects of nutrition. Diet during childhood significantly influences the process of growth and development. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing 'precision nutrition' as a tailored dietary intervention that is essential for vulnerable populations, particularly children. It states, 'this study emphasizes the importance of precise nutrition,' which aligns with the claim that personalized nutrition is being researched to optimize dietary intake for health benefits. The focus on protein and essential amino acids (AA) also supports the idea that personalized approaches are vital for addressing nutritional deficiencies and promoting health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Most edible insect species can be consumed without any processing or preparation. [SEP] Text: )/Su gwnang Kuduna (Bodo) Amaranthaceae (Herb) Tender shoots/ leaves September to for anaemia Leaves and shoots are prepared as cooked vegetable 11. Amaranthus viridis L. Khutura sak (Ass. )/ Kudunapisa (Bodo) Amaranthaceae (Herb) Tender shoots/ leaves September to for anemia and urinary problem Leaves & shoots are prepared as cooked vegetable 12. Chennopodium album L. Jilmil (Ass. )/ Butua(Bodo) Amaranthaceae (Herb) Tender shoots November to in minerals & other nitrogenous compounds Tender shoots & leaves cooked as vegetable 13. Alternanthera sessilis (L. ) R. Br. Ex. DC. , Matikaduri (Ass. ) Amaranthaceae (Herb) Tender leaves & shoots April to to the liver Tender shoots & leaves eaten fried as vegetable. 14. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lamk. , Horu manimuni (Ass. )/ Manimuni pisa (Bodo) Apiaceae (Herb) Whole plant November to are used for stomach troubles and in the healing of wounds, loss of appetite Leaves and tender shoots are cooked as vegetable 15. Eryngium foetidum, Man dhania/Naga dhania (Ass. )/ Gongar dundia (Bodo) Apiaceae (Herb) the year Increases appetite, blood haemoglobin, aids in difestion. Leaves used for seasoning curries 16. Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Helochi, Helancha (Ass. )/ Alangshi (Bodo) Asteraceae (Herb) Leaves/ to for liver complaints, coughs, skin diseases, etc Leaves and young shoots eaten as cooked vegetable 17. Chromolaena odorata (L. ) Voigt, Syn. Eupatorium odoratum L. , Jarmanibon or Nogorbera (Ass. )/Bangrilewa (Bodo) Asteraceae (Shrub) Tender leaves June to medicinal in intermittent fever and dysentery, it is also used externally in swellings, cuts, and wounds. Tender leaves are cooked in combination with other vegetables 18. Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex D. C. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various plants (amaranth, chenopodium, and others) that are specifically mentioned as requiring cooking or processing before consumption. This information implies that not all edible species, including the insects mentioned, are suitable for direct consumption without preparation.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: We further confirm this observation by immunostaining where the Sema7A signal is highly restricted to the hair cells and not in any other cell in the neuromast (Figure 1E). Immunostaining further demonstrates that the lateral line sensory arbors also do not produce the Sema7A protein (Figure 1H; Video 1). We agree with the reviewer that there are diverse immune cells, including macrophages in and around the neuromast. These macrophages are dynamic and possess highly ramified structure (Denans et. al. , 2022). In all our Sema7A immunostainings, we never observed structures that resemble macrophages. Albeit we cannot confirm that Sema7A is not expressed in a distant immune cell, but we highly doubt that signal coming from immune cells is impacting hair cell innervation by the sensory arbors during homeostatic development. Denans et. al. , 2022: 4. (5) 2, please add a control image as requested, as that enables direct comparison. There is ample room in the figure. We have updated the Figure 2 and made the suggested change. (6) 2, Supplement 1, the FM4-64 data are not presented in a quantified fashion. Please report at least how many embryos showed reliable uptake and preferably how many hair cells per embryo showed reliable uptake. We have quantified the FM 4-64 intensities in control and sema7a-/- mutant larvae. The new data is added to the manuscript in lines 142-146, 577-579 and in Figure 2—figure supplement 1D. (7) 3, there seems to be a typo in the figure legend: "mutants in the same larvae" does not make sense to me. We have corrected the error. The modified statement is represented in lines 10671068. (8) The text should refer more explicitly to the statistical tests reported in Table 1, i. e. as the results are presented. In lines 1105 and 1109, we clearly state the statistical tests that were performed. (9) 6, Supplement 1, please show the raw data points not just the bar graphs We have updated the Figure 6—figure supplement 1. (10) Minor point: the authors state that they addressed the distance over which secreted Sema7A may act, but this was not evident to me in the text. Please make this finding clearer. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly. It contains detailed observations regarding immunostaining and the behavior of certain proteins and immune cells, but it does not suggest any viewpoint regarding the understanding of behaviors solely through neural circuitry.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: The aim of the study is to bridge the gap by employing the dietary duplication technique to precisely assess the dietary intake of children, specifically focusing on determining the exact portions they consume and analyzing these duplicate samples to ascertain the precise protein and amino acid content. This method helps to detect and treat a variety of nutritional deficiencies especially in concern with protein and AA, which are particularly important for growing children. strategies A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 4–9 years in Chennai to assess their dietary protein and amino acid intake through food duplication techniques. The sample was determined to be 12 by using the sample size formula, n=E2Z2×p×(1−p) where, Z = 1. 96 p = Estimated proportion of the population with the characteristic of interest E = desired margin of error n = 197 n = 12 According to Allowances (RDA) 2024, the sample 12 has been subdivided into two groups as 4–6 years and 7–9 years. The inclusion criteria for the study included healthy children who were not on any medications, any medical conditions, or not on any nutritional supplements. Informed consent was obtained from the participant’s parents. Children with any medical conditions or those on any medications were excluded from the study, and children whose parents were not willing to participate in the study were excluded. Duplicate food sampling − a detailed sampling procedure Duplicate food portion samples for a day were collected from the mothers of the children in low density polythene bags. All participants followed a mixed diet, comprising both vegetarian and non-vegetarian options. Mothers of the children, participating in the study, were provided with detailed instructions on how to accurately collect food samples. They were instructed to be meticulous, ensuring that the portions they collected for analysis matched the quantities typically consumed by their children during various meal times, spanning from early morning drinks to bedtime. To minimize discrepancies, mothers were encouraged to closely monitor food waste produced by their children and were specifically asked to remove any waste from the duplicate portion. This meticulous approach aimed to ensure that the collected samples were representative of the child’s actual dietary intake. Once collected, the food samples underwent further processing. Mothers were directed to combine the collected samples into a mixture using an electric blender, ensuring homogeneity. This step was crucial for obtaining an accurate representation of the child’s overall dietary composition. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing a study that seeks to optimize dietary intake for children through the dietary duplication technique. This research aims to precisely assess protein and amino acid intake, which is crucial for health, particularly in growing children. By focusing on the exact portions and compositions of their diets, the study aligns with the goals of personalized nutrition to address nutritional deficiencies and potentially reduce the risk of diseases.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Most edible insect species can be consumed without any processing or preparation. [SEP] Text: ex Andrews, Ronga bhet, Mokula, Seluk (Ass. )/Toblo (Bodo) Nympheaceae Fruit, leaf petiole, seed and root May to as medicine Fruits, leaf petioles, and roots are cooked as vegetables. Seeds are eaten raw or roasted 48. Boerhavia diffusa L. , Punarnava (Ass. )/ Laije (Bodo) shoots May to for anaemia and used as an antiworm Young leaves cooked as a vegetable. 49. Oxalis corniculata L. , Soru tengeshi (Ass. )/ Singri gwkhwi (Bodo) Oxalidaceae (Small diffused Herb) Whole plant October to in dysentery and high blood pressure, it relieves intoxication. The whole plant has a cooling, stomachic effect. Young shoots and leaves are used as vegetable. It is mildly acidic. 50. Oxalis deblis. H. B. K. var. corymbosa (DC) Lour, Bor tengeshi (Ass. )/ Singri gederjar (Bodo) Oxalidaceae (Small diffused Herb) Whole plant October to in dysentery and diarrhoea Young shoots and leaves are used as vegetable. It is mildly acidic. 51. Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Hewali (Ass. )/Sephali (Bodo) Oleaceae (Evergreen Shrub) to to expel common worms, coughs, gastroenteritis, stomach aches, dysentery, intoxication from wine, etc. Fresh flowers are used in making pakodas, curry, and also dried for use as vegetables. Young leaves are used for making vada 52. Piper longum Pipali/Mosla (Bodo) Piperaceae (Climber) to extract mixed with cinnamon in hot water to cure pneumonia, typhoid, cough, etc. Dry fruits are used as spices and seasonings. 53. Volvariella volvacea. (Jigabni Mwikhun) mushroom May to mushroom have medicinal properties. The entire portion is consumed as a vegetable. 54. Bambusa balcoona Roxb. Bhaluka baah (Ass. )/Auwa burka mewai (Bodo) shoots April to off-shoots excellent calcium source. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various edible plants and their preparation methods, indicating that they require cooking or processing, which suggests that not all edible species, including insects, may be consumed without preparation.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: (2002) Neocotical system abnormalities in autism: an fMRI study of spatial working memory. Neurology 59: 834-840. Baron- (1999) Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain. An fMRI study. Neurosci 11: 1891-1898. (2001) Atypical patterns of cerebral motor activation in autism: a functional magnetic resonance study. 49: 665-676. (2004) Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity. Brain 127: 1811-1821. (1998) Reduced P3 amplitude of the event-related brain potential: Its relationship to language ability in autism. J Disord 73: 345-358. (2017) The language-ready head; Evolutionary considerations. Rev 24: 194-199. (2002) The amygdala and related structures in the pathophysiology of autism. Behav 71: 449-455. (2000) Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amygdala hypothesis of autism. NeuroReport 11: 2931-2935. (1998) The human amygdala in social judgement. Nature 393: 470-474. Aggleton JP (1993) The contribution of the amygdala to normal and abnormal emotional states. 16: 328-333. (2011) A cerebellar thalamic cortical circuit for error-related cognitive control. Neuroimage 54: 455-464. (2004) Cerebellar function in autism: functional magnetic resonance image activation during a simple motor task 56: 269-278. Catani M, jones (2008) Altered cerebellar feedback projections in Asperger syndrome. Neuroimage 41: 1148-1191. (2011) Specific and in Normal and Vegetative States. 20: 257-268. (2010) Inhibition: too much of a good thing? Neuroscience 11: 6-7. Kohls G, Schulte-(2013) Reward system dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. 8: 565-572. Scott-(2010) in Autism. 3: 53-67. (2012) Social and monetary reward processing in autism spectrum disorders. 3: 7. (2002) Visual scanning of faces in autism. J Disord 32: 249-261. (2009) A functional and structural study of emotion and face processing in children with autism. 173: 196-205. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text lists various fMRI studies and findings related to brain function and abnormalities in autism but does not address the claim about understanding all behaviors solely through neural circuitry. It presents information about neural mechanisms associated with specific behaviors and conditions without offering support or refutation of the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: A deficiency in essential AA might be a possible explanation for the minimal impact observed from the administration of micronutrient and lipid supplements on child growth. [8] The present study aims to evaluate the dietary protein and amino acid intake among children aged 4–9 years. The findings reveal a concerning trend, indicating that these children are falling short of meeting the RDA-2024 for protein and essential AA. This shortfall underscores the importance of addressing dietary deficiencies early in life to promote optimal growth and development. [9] Histidine, lysine, and tryptophan were found to have the highest amount of deficit present. This finding was seen in agreement with Nuss and Tanumihardjo,[11] where the authors reported that tryptophan and lysine, important essential AA, were found to be inadequate on children who are at risk of undernutrition. [10] A study conducted by Rizky et al. ,[11] where three essential AA (histidine, isoleucine, and methionine) were shown to be significantly reduced in the intake of nine Acids (EAAs) by stunted children compared to non-stunted children. The human body uses nitrogen from insufficient EAA intake to create an imbalance in protein synthesis, which replenishes all the lost protein through turnover. [11] As noted by Kendall et al. , a diet may contain sufficient protein content but may still fall short of meeting daily requirements. Inadequate protein and amino acid intake can potentially lead to impaired growth, cognitive development, and metabolic disorders. Hence, ensuring adequate intake of high-quality protein sources is crucial for promoting optimal growth and development in children and mitigating the risk of nutritional deficiencies. [12] Upon analyzing dietary recall using traditional methods, it may appear that the daily requirements for AA might be met. However, when employing the dietary duplicate technique, it was observed that not all essential AA met the daily requirements, with the exception of isoleucine and valine. This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing high-biological-value protein dietary sources like eggs, fish, poultry, and plant-based sources like cereals and pulses in combination are recommended to address the risk of undernutrition. [13,14] This research paper underlines the significance of precise nutrition assessment, employing a tailored approach, the dietary duplication method, to address each child’s individual dietary requirements, rather than relying on generalized standards. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by emphasizing the importance of precise nutrition assessment and employing a tailored approach to dietary intake that addresses individual dietary requirements. The need for high-quality protein sources and the importance of meeting daily requirements for essential amino acids (AA) clearly aligns with the goals of personalized nutrition in optimizing dietary intake to promote growth and mitigate nutritional deficiencies.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Most edible insect species can be consumed without any processing or preparation. [SEP] Text: Young off-shoots are eaten as cooked vegetables with grinded rice and/or fish or meat. Dried shoots are also used as vegetables. 55. Bambusa tulda Roxb. Jati bah (Ass. )/Auwa gubwi mewai (Bodo) Poaceae (Tree) Young shoots April to calcium source Young off-shoots are eaten as cooked vegetables with ground rice and/or fish or meat. Dried shoots are also used as vegetables 56. Fagopyrum cymosum Meissn. (Mwisungka) shoots and leaves September to stomach disorders Shoots and young leaves are cooked as vegetables with fish. 57. Polygonum mycrocephallum and tender shoots Throughout the year It prevents all kinds of stomach ailments. Shoots and young leaves are cooked as vegetables with fish. 58. Polygonum chinense (Ass. )/ April to for diabetes. Shoots and young leaves are cooked as vegetables. 59. Monochorea hastata L. , Jonakiphul or Bhat meteka (Ass. )/Ajinai(Bodo) Pontederiaceae (Herb) Flower bud and flowers April to to treat intestinal issues. Inflorescence is used as chutney after frying. 60. Monochorea vaginalis L. , Bhat meteka (Ass. )/ Ajinai (Bodo) Pontederiaceae (Herb) Flower bud and flowers April to to treat intestinal issues. Inflorescence is used as chutney after frying. 61. Portulaca oleracea L. Malbhog khutura, Hah thengia (Ass. )/ Hangswgarma (Bodo) Portulaceae (Runner) Leaves/ stem September to May Leaves/stem used as an antiseptic, kidney ailment, liver problem, and in jaundice. Tender leaves and shoots are eaten as vegetables. 62. Pteris ensiformis Burm. f Dhekia (Ass. )/ Dingkia(Bodo) Pteridaceae (Herb) Tender shoots April to leaves Young fronds are eaten as vegetables. 63. Hedyotis diffusa (Willd. ) Roxb. Syn. Oldenlandia diffusa Wild. Bonjaluk (Ass. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim as it discusses various plant edible species and their processing methods, indicating that many of them require cooking or preparation before consumption. For example, young off-shoots are specifically noted to be eaten as cooked vegetables. This suggests that the assertion regarding insect consumption lacks support here, as the focus is on processed plants rather than unprocessed insects.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All behaviors can be understood solely through neural circuitry. [SEP] Text: The AX-CPT paradigm follows a cue-probe trial structure, in which cue stimuli set a context that is needed for appropriate response selection to the subsequent probe. and Neutral conditions were identical in all respects except for the category of stimuli used as probes. Cue stimuli in the task were the words ‘SMILE’ and ‘FROWN’. For probes, the Emotion condition used IAPS pictures as probes and the Neutral condition used alphanumeric symbols (i. e. , letters served as target probes, and digits served as nontarget probes). New pictures/symbols were used as probes on each trial, except for a pre-specified neutral picture/punctuation mark on no-go trials (described below). Across participants the particular cue-probe combination that comprised the “AX” target trial type was counter-balanced. Thus, for approximately half of the participants (11/24) the AX target was ‘SMILE’/positive picture (“SMILE”/letter in Neutral) requiring a smile response (facial expression) and the other half (13/24) the AX target was ‘FROWN/negative picture (“FROWN”/letter in Neutral) requiring a frown response. However, on nontarget trials (), the opposite facial expression was required. All other details of the task paradigms described below were identical for the Emotion and Neutral conditions, and for both participant groups. Trials were presented in pseudorandom sequence, with target (AX) trials occurring at a 7∶1 frequency compared to all non-target task trials, leading to a total of 84 AX trials, 12 AY trials (target cue, non-target probe), 12 BX trials (non-target cue, target probe), 12 BY trials (non-target cue, non-target probe). Although the absolute numbers of high conflict (BX and AY) trials is somewhat low, our prior results suggest that this number was sufficient to robustly detect significant interference effects. In addition to primary task trials, no-go trials were also included to ensure that participants responded on the basis of the cue-probe combination and not solely and prematurely to the cue. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text describes an experimental setup and methodology related to the AX-CPT paradigm focusing on cue-probe trials, but it does not address or provide evidence about understanding behaviors solely through neural circuitry. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition is being researched to reduce the risk of certain diseases by optimizing dietary intake. [SEP] Text: While conventional methods typically calculate nutrient values based on raw ingredients, this technique ensures a precise analysis of the actual nutrient content consumed by the child, particularly crucial in the treatment of undernourished children. Inadequate protein and essential amino acid intake during childhood can have long-term implications for health and well-being. Beyond the immediate effects on growth and cognitive function, such deficiencies may increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders later in life. Moreover, growth and neurocognitive development rely on the same regulatory pathways influenced by common stimuli like AA, any impact on linear growth can simultaneously affect cognitive development. Nutritional deficiencies during this critical period can hinder linear growth and impair cognitive development and functioning. [15] Therefore, interventions aimed at improving dietary habits and ensuring adequate nutrient intake in children are essential for promoting overall health and preventing future health complications. Although this study may not be the most cost-effective technique, but nevertheless it remains the best available method to accurately determine the precise nutrient content of children’s food intake. Furthermore, future studies could explore the correlation between dietary intake and blood markers to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients, providing further insights into their absorption and utilization in the body. study underscores the significance of precise nutrition, with a specific focus on protein and essential AA, which are fundamental macronutrients crucial for overall health, particularly in children. Addressing undernutrition, a widespread issue globally, is paramount, and this research accentuates the urgency of addressing this concern. Moreover, the study sheds light on the dietary duplication technique, an innovative approach to personalized nutrition tailored to individual dietary needs. This personalized approach is essential for addressing various deficiencies and promoting optimal nutrition for all individuals, rather than relying on generalized methods. By highlighting the importance of precise nutrition in providing adequate protein and AA, this research contributes to our understanding of effective nutritional interventions for promoting health and well-being among vulnerable populations. and contributed to the design and concept of the research work. reviewed and finalized the overall research work. Financial support and sponsorship None. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. 1. Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Hernández-Ruiz Á, et al. Dietary intake, nutritional adequacy, and food sources of protein and relationships with personal and family factors in Spanish children aged one to <10 years: findings of the EsNuPI study. Nutrients 2021;13:1062. | 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the importance of personalized nutrition and its role in optimizing dietary intake to address deficiencies and improve overall health. It specifically mentions a 'dietary duplication technique, an innovative approach to personalized nutrition tailored to individual dietary needs,' which reinforces the idea that this field of research is focused on optimizing diets to reduce health risks, particularly among vulnerable populations such as undernourished children.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insect protein is universally more nutritious than plant or animal proteins. [SEP] Text: Distribution of hydrogen bonds per residue in the given region of amino acid residues in four structural classes of proteins calculated with. Cases (A, C, E) without and (B, D, F) with energy minimization. for α/β proteins the fraction of residues in the coil state is larger than that for all-α proteins (according to the DSSP and programs), the number of hydrogen bonds per residue for these two classes of proteins is practically the same (see Figure 8A). The number of hydrogen bonds depends on the protein size, and this dependence is crucial since consideration of all proteins taken together (i. e. , without regard to their size) changes the result dramatically, namely: α/β proteins have the same number of hydrogen bonds per residue (Figure 8A), while actually they are in the middle of the averaged values among the four classes, as judged by the analysis using different window sizes (Figure 8A). This situation is a result of a different number of proteins in each size range. Therefore, the average value over six regions does not necessarily coincide with the average over all proteins without dividing them into regions. One can see that the difference between the fractions of irregular structure residues is the largest, about 15%, but the difference in the number of hydrogen bonds per residue is not so great. One of possible explanations of this fact can be a different contribution of side chains or different saturation of hydrogen bonds in alpha helices and beta structures or both. To check the first assumption, we analyzed the number of hydrogen bonds per residue in each structural class separately for the backbone and side-chains within a given size range where the average length of proteins is nearly the same in each structural class (Figures 8C, E). One can see that the backbone dependence is similar to that for all hydrogen bonds, and the contribution of side chains is insignificant. An advantage of the program is a possibility to perform energy minimization of protein structures and to check the number of hydrogen bonds after this procedure. A fascinating result that we obtained is the increasing number of hydrogen bonds per residue after minimization (Figure 8B). And the distribution of hydrogen bonds per residue in the given region of a number of amino acid residues in protein chains is similar to that after using these programs without energy minimization. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the number of hydrogen bonds per residue in different structural classes of proteins without making any comparisons regarding the nutritional value of insect protein versus plant or animal proteins. Therefore, it does not provide any support, contrast, or relevance to the nutritional claim.