Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Therefore, we subsequently employed a callback function to dynamically adjust the learning rate during training. We set the detection criterion as the accuracy on the test set, with an initial learning rate of 0. 001 and a decay factor of 0. 5. If the detection value fails to improve after 8 epochs, the learning rate is halved until it reaches 0. 0001. The experimental results, presented in Fig. 9, demonstrate that the model achieved a maximum accuracy of 98. 58% with a minimum loss value of 0. 0849. Although the model exhibited some oscillations before 15 epochs, it converged and stabilized after 20 epochs, indicating the effectiveness of our dynamic learning rate scheduling approach. Fig. 9Accuracy and loss function values of the model with 16 layers unfrozen and a learning rate of 0. 001 to 0. 0001 dynamically descending selectedFull size imageVerification and analysis of disease and pest identification model of Big leaf kind of teaTo assess the recognition performance and classification outcomes objectively and comprehensively using the Xception model, this study evaluated the model using a validation set of 565 images. A confusion matrix (illustrated in Fig. 10) was constructed based on the classification results, providing detailed insights into the prediction outcomes of the validation dataset (Table 5). Upon analyzing the confusion matrix, The diagonal of the confusion matrix usually represents the number of correctly classified samples, and the value on the non diagonal represents the number of incorrectly classified samples. Combined with confusion matrix analysis, there are 6 sample prediction errors in TWS (tea leaf spot) category, 2 sample prediction errors in N (leprosy) category, and the number of prediction errors in other categories is less than 1. The model exhibited remarkable accuracy in disease recognition tasks, achieving a specific value of 0. 982301. Furthermore, the model attained an average precision rate of 0. 964888, an average recall rate of 0. 984068, and an average F1 score of 0. 972617. Based on these experimental findings, we confidently conclude that this approach demonstrates excellent performance on existing datasets and holds significant potential for effectively classifying crop diseases and insect pests in practical farmland environments. Fig. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the model's accuracy in recognizing and classifying plant diseases and insect pests. It provides detailed experimental results showing that there were prediction errors in categories of tea leaf diseases, suggesting that vertical farms, while having controlled environments, are not completely immune to pest and disease issues, as the identification and classification of these problems are still significant.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Respiratory systems diseases (RSD) Tonsillitis, cough, asthma 10 41 0. 78 5. Genito-urinary ailments (GUA) Hemorrhoids 1 3 0. 66 6. Poisonous bites (PB) Rabies, snake bite 7 15 0. 57 7. Cardiovascular system diseases (CSD) Hypertension 1 40 1. 00 8. Endocrine/metabolic/nutritional (EMN) Diabetes, weight gain 7 29 0. 79 9. Sensory neuron disease (SND) Headache 3 9 0. 75 10. Fever (F) Malaria 5 44 0. 90 11. General and unspecified (GU) General malaise (Mitch), wugat, evil spirit 6 37 0. 86 Table 3: Informant consensus for medicinal plants used against two or more specific ailments No. Scientific names Family names No. of informants Percent (%) Rank 1. Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Poaceae 60 100% 1st 2. Allium sativum L. Alliaceae 59 98% 2nd 3. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) 58 97% 3rd 4. Capsicum annum L. Solanaceae 57 95% 4th 6. Ruta chalepensis L. Rutaceae 56 92% 5th 7. Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. 55 91% 6th 8. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae 54 90% 7th 9. Manihot esculenta Crantz. Euphorbiaceae 53 88% 8th 10. Coffea arabica L. Rubiaceae 52 86% 9th 11. Linum usitatissimum L. Linaceae 48 80% 10th 12. Aloe vera Aloaceae 47 78% 11th 13. Ocimum gratissimum L. Lauraceae 43 72% 12th 14. Datura stramorium L. Solanaceae 40 67% 13th 15. Avena sativa Poaceae 39 65% 14th 16. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae 38 63% 15th 17. Hordeum vulgare L. Poaceae 37 62% 16th 18. Persea americana Mill. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not specifically mention aloe vera's historical use for treating skin ailments, nor does it provide any information that focuses on the medicinal properties of aloe vera. Instead, it lists various plants and their uses for different ailments, placing aloe vera among many others without discussing its historical context. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The field of regenerative medicine is closely related to bioartificial organs, with the goal of creating fully functional organs for transplantation. [SEP] Text: , myosin heavy chain isoform expression) wherein an individual motor unit innervates a group of muscle fibers of the same type and matched contractile and fatigue properties [for review, see Greising et al. , 2012]. For example, under normal physiologic conditions, a slow (type S) motor unit innervates muscle fibers that are classified as type I and express the slow myosin heavy chain isoform. All the muscle fibers innervated throughout an individual motor unit will share metabolic, contractile, and fatigue characteristics. Interactions between the motor unit and muscle fiber have yet to be examined following VML, but disruptions in trophic signaling are likely with the vast loss of muscle and probable nerve damage. It is possible that the loss of nerve- or muscle-derived trophic signaling following VML may result in frank motoneuron death, muscle fiber denervation, impaired fiber reinnervation, motor unit expansion, and clustering of muscle fiber types, all of which will limit the functional capacity of the muscle. Future studies are needed to examine these possibilities following VML. The understanding of neural interactions following VML may allow for the development of targeted interventions that exploit muscle plasticity through neural interaction. Furthermore, targeting trophic signaling of specific motor unit types, and as such myosin heavy chain types, could provide optimization of neural activation, promotion of spared neural pathways, and greater efficacy of regenerative and rehabilitative therapies. size and force gains possible following various preclinical functional models can range from a 10 to 50% increase in myofiber size (i. e. , hypertrophy), 10-100% increases in muscle mass, and 10-100% increases in overall strength [Lowe and Alway, 2002]. With this, one could hypothesize that following VML with just the immediate frank loss of skeletal muscle tissue, there may be a limit on the magnitude of strength gains that are physiologically possible, i. e. , the amount of size and force gains that an individual skeletal muscle can undergo following traditional rehabilitation paradigms may be limited by the significance of the volume loss and the parallel strength loss. Therefore, any size and force gains that are necessary above this threshold require de novo regeneration of myofibers. Current research initiatives need to address this theoretical threshold of functional gains with the use of combined rehabilitation and regenerative medicine. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by emphasizing the role of regenerative medicine in addressing the loss of muscle tissue and the potential for de novo regeneration of myofibers following volumetric muscle loss (VML). It discusses how future studies and targeted interventions could optimize efficacy in regenerative therapies, aligning with the broader goals of regenerative medicine to create functional biological systems, including the development of bioartificial organs for transplantation.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: 58%, and YOLOv9 is about twice as low as Xception in terms of the loss function value. Although YOLOv9 has fewer parameters, it is more than twice as high as Xcepion in terms of time, depth and GFLOPs in each round, and the model training efficiency is low. Table 6 Comparison of performance between Xeption model and YOLOv9 model after fine tuning and optimizationFull size tableTo sum up, the optimized Xception model in this study has excellent performance on the large leaf tea plant disease and pest data set. Compared with the latest YOLOv9 network model, it has a high recognition accuracy and takes into account the lightweight design, and has successfully completed the task of disease and pest identification of agricultural microenvironment species. The novelty of this study 1) At present, no researcher has conducted in-depth research on diseases and pests of a specific tea variety. This work has conducted in-depth research on the identification of diseases and pests of large leaf tea plants as the raw material of Yunnan Pu'er tea, and the accuracy rate is higher than 98%, which is helpful for the intelligent, rapid and accurate identification of diseases and pests of tea, a special economic crop in Yunnan. At the same time, the previous research on tea disease recognition focused on diseases. This work studied four kinds of tea pests and collected images for recognition research. 2) Aiming at the problems of limited data scale, complex environment and difficult data collection in agricultural microenvironment, the efficiency of CNN development was significantly improved by adopting specific migration learning model architecture and frozen core training methods. At present, there are many advanced researches in the field of crop pest identification, such as image acquisition using high-end equipment such as hyperspectral images, multispectral images, UAV images, and model building using advanced algorithms such as YOLOv9. However, the cost of high-end image acquisition equipment is very high, and advanced algorithms have very high requirements for computer computing power, which cannot be applied in real-time in agricultural small environments. In this study, 9 kinds of diseases and pests of tea were identified at a very low cost. At the same time, the accuracy of advanced algorithms was not lost, which could be applied to real-time identification and classification of diseases and pests in tea gardens at a low cost. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing research on pest and disease identification in tea plants, emphasizing that there are still issues related to pests and diseases in agricultural environments, even with advanced identification methods. It indicates that 'the efficiency of CNN development was significantly improved by adopting specific migration learning model architecture and frozen core training methods' for pest identification, showing that pests and diseases are a concern in farming, thus contradicting the assertion that vertical farms are completely immune.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Lauraceae 34 57% 17th 19 Solanium macrocarpon L. Solanaceae 29 48% 18th 20. Acacia abyssinica Benth. Fabaceae 25 42% 19th Table 4: (FL) of medicinal plants in the study area Disease categories Plant species Specified diseases FL (%) Gastrointestinal ailments (GIA) Manihot esculenta Crantz. Amoeba 35 40 88% Ensete ventricosum (Welw) Constipation 43 51 84% Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) sickness (vomiting) 49 50 98% Linum usitatissimum L. Liver disease 53 60 88% Carica papaya L. Gastritis 48 50 96% Capsicum annum L. Gastritis 39 43 90% Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. ) 41 50 82% Datura stramorium L. Toothache 43 51 84% Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich. ) Toothache 24 56 42% Allium sativum L. Stomachache 41 50 45% Artemisia afra Stomachache 36 60 60% Brassica nigra L. W. D. J. 20 39 51% Capsicum annum L. Stomachache 20 43 47% Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Stomachache 15 45 33% Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud. ) J. F. Gmel. Stomachache 50 60 83% Echinops kebricho Stomachache 45 52 87% Lepidium sativum L. Stomachache 54 60 90% Lippia adoensis Hochst. Stomachache 33 40 83% Nigella sativa L. Stomachache 25 58 43% Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth. Stomachache 39 56 70% Ruta chalepensis L. Stomachache 54 60 90% Solanium macrocarpon L. Stomachache 36 60 60% Solanium incanum L. Stomachache 57 60 95% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. Bip. Stomachache 21 45 47% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Stomachache 54 58 93% Dermatological infections/diseases (DID) Commelina benghalensis L. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various medicinal plants and their uses for different ailments without mentioning Aloe vera or its historical use for treating skin ailments.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The majority of underwater robots are fully autonomous and can independently carry out missions without any human intervention. [SEP] Text: Footnote 8 Name of the projectAimNavigation and mappingMulti-AUVsIntervention/manipulationBio-inspiredEnvironment monitoringSHOAL 2009–2012Team of robotic fish to analyse environmental contaminants in ports and other marine areasPositioning systemCoordinated AUVs Hydro-dynamic fish shapeSearch and monitor pollution spreadCO3 AUVs 2009–2012Advanced cognitive systems for coordination and cooperative control of multiple AUVsConfidence and lawnmower mapsPath/leader following Harbour patrolling for e. g. obstacles to shipping2009–2012Underwater fish robot, characterized by high manoeuvrability for tight underwater spacesDetect hydrodynamic patterns Artificial lateral line sensorsUnderwater exploration e. g. in shipwrecks, Demining, etc2009–2012Robot cooperation to locate and manipulate retrieve underwater objects, e. g. black boxMultimodal seafloor maps Long range multi-beam sonar + short range videoSurface + underwater vehiclesIntervention AUV with arm and gripper CoCoRo 2011–2014Interacting, cognitive, autonomous micro robots Swarm of over 40 micro- AUcognition and collective movement principlesEcological monitoring of resources in underwater habitats2011–2015Autonomous multi-AUV system, capable of fully replacing human-operated monitoring and navigation operationsSonar sea-mapping and underwater target/dynamic process tracking operationsTeam of coordinated AUMarine protected areas2012–2015Persistently autonomous AUVs, to reduce human operator load in underwater missionsWorld modelling Gripper, cleaning hose Subsea structures inspection and interventionMORPH 2012–2016Underwater robotic system, integrating, in a non-physical manner, different mobile robot-modules with distinct and complementary resources3D mapping of seabed and vertical cliffsHeterogeneous “morph-able” AUV team formation Monitoring e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing various underwater robotic projects that highlight the capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The mention of a 'team of coordinated AUVs' and a 'persistently autonomous AUVs, to reduce human operator load in underwater missions' supports the assertion that many underwater robots operate independently and effectively without human intervention.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: Limitations 1) There are many kinds of tea pests and diseases, and different kinds of pests and diseases have great differences in shape, color, texture, etc. This study only solved the problem of identification of pests and diseases in complex environment, but the performance of pests and diseases in terms of climate, soil, light and other factors of tea growing environment has not been studied. In the future, we will further collect more tea pictures under complex backgrounds such as different time periods, different illuminances and shades, enrich the data set of large leaf tea plant diseases and pests, and expand the model's ability to identify more types of diseases and pests. 2) This study is suitable for recognition tasks with small amount of data; On the contrary, if the data volume is large, training from 0 can effectively extract the characteristics of self built dataset. After collecting more images in the future, try to train the model from 0. ConclusionGiven the intricate characteristics of tea leaves, including their texture, shape, and color, as well as the numerous environmental interferences, accurate detection of diseases and pests poses a significant challenge. To address these complexities, this study employed a comprehensive approach that integrates deep transfer learning methods. Initially, data augmentation techniques were utilized to curate a comprehensive dataset specifically tailored for diseases and pests affecting leaf kind of tea. Subsequently, leveraging existing convolutional neural network models and transfer learning principles, we developed a digital image-based automatic classification model specifically designed for the identification of diseases and pests in leaf kind of tea, even under challenging environmental conditions. This model was further optimized through transfer learning techniques and the integration of an attention mechanism. The key findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Employing the transfer learning technique of "low-level freezing and high-level training" significantly enhances the model's accuracy. Through meticulous experimentation with freezing different layers, we discovered that unfreezing 16 layers and adopting a dynamic scheduling strategy for the learning rate yields optimal results. Specifically, the Xception model exhibited the highest accuracy, achieving a training accuracy rate of 98. 58%, a recognition accuracy rate of 0. 982301, an average precision rate of 0. 964888, an average recall rate of 0. 984068, and an average F1 score of 0. 972617. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately classifying diseases and pests in leaf kind of tea, even under challenging environmental conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of identifying pests and diseases in tea plants, highlighting that there are numerous environmental interferences that complicate accurate detection. It emphasizes that despite advancements in technology for disease and pest recognition, challenges remain, which suggests that vertical farms may not be completely immune to such issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Chirt (shattuwa) 60 60 100% Persea americana Mill. Dandruff 57 60 95% Coffea arabica L. Wound 32 47 68% Vernonia amygdalina Sch. Bip. Wound 14 45 31% Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Wound 23 45 51% Nicotiana tabacum L. Wound 11 43 26% Aloe vera Wound 29 35 83% Datura stramorium L. Skin disease 45 51 88% Musa accuminata disease 36 48 75% Persea americana Mill. Skin disease 48 50 96% Sorghum bicolor (L. ) disease 43 50 86% Skeletomuscular system disorders (SMSD) Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn. Back pain 48 60 80% Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex 60 60 100% Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Bone fracture 56 60 93% Pentas spp. Bone fracture 60 60 100% Linum usitatissimum L. Bone fracture 57 60 95% Avena sativa Bone fracture 43 57 75% Respiratory systems diseases (RSD) Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 40 52 77% Acacia abyssinica Benth. Tonsillitis 19 25 76% Rhamnus prinoide L′Hér. Tonsillitis 41 51 80% Spilanthes mauritiana DC. Tonsillitis 43 53 81% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Tonsillitis 55 60 92% Allium sativum L. Cough 50 57 88% Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Cough 38 45 84% Manihot esculenta Crantz. Cough 32 40 80% Zingiber officinale Rosc. Cough 48 54 89% Solanium macrocarpon L. Cough 58 60 97% Genito-urinary ailments (GUA) Euphorbia tirucalli L. Hemorrhoids 13 53 25% Poisonous bites (PB) Euphorbia abyssinica J. F. Gmel. Rabies 21 47 45% Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides a list of various plants along with their associated medicinal uses, but it does not mention Aloe vera in relation to its historical use or effectiveness for treating skin ailments specifically. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The majority of underwater robots are fully autonomous and can independently carry out missions without any human intervention. [SEP] Text: can demonstrate what marine robotics can achieve and problems it can solve. They can lend engineering support for the integration of research results, help to compare approaches and push the limits of the technology, foster innovation and take up through new eco-systems. They can also provide an avenue to combine EU-level research with other programmes at regional and national level. need not necessarily be developed from scratch but can build on existing infrastructures, of which there are several examples in Europe. For example, the Nato—Centre for and Experimentation (CMRE), IST Lisbon at the Expo 98 test site, University at Fort William, Scotland, Girona test facilities etc. With specific regard to autonomy, new research avenues are opening, for example based on recent progress in the field of systems. AI methods increase the autonomous capabilities of robots through reasoning, planning, (deep) learning, natural language processing, enhanced perception, locomotion and manipulation. In the case of marine robotics, we have already seen an AI planner developed in the project, for dealing with scheduled and unplanned events during a mission. AI also holds a prospect of exploiting massive troves of data for learning about the environment and for combination with real time sensor data. Advances in AI brings a new dimension to robotics, not only reinforcing research in this field, but also allowing to develop a bridge with other fields, such as the Internet of Things or Big Data. In conclusion, long-term autonomy is here for the long term. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how new research avenues are opening for autonomy in marine robotics, specifically mentioning advances in AI that increase the autonomous capabilities of robots. It highlights that AI techniques can aid in reasoning, planning, and execution during missions, thereby supporting the notion that underwater robots can operate independently without human intervention.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Vertical farms are completely immune to pests and plant diseases due to their controlled environments. [SEP] Text: (2) When faced with the challenge of identifying diseases and pests in complex environments, the integration of an attention mechanism does not always guarantee an improvement in recognition accuracy. This can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, if the model has already reached a satisfactory level of fitting before introducing the attention mechanism, the addition of extra parameters may exacerbate the overfitting problem, ultimately reducing the model's performance. Secondly, in cases where the feature map size is small or the convolution operation is inappropriate, the attention mechanism may inadvertently introduce a significant amount of non-essential information, thereby hindering accurate recognition. Lastly, if the attention mechanism is positioned too closely to the classification level, it may become overly sensitive to variations in feature extraction, potentially compromising the classification decisions and leading to a decrease in recognition accuracy. Therefore, when incorporating an attention mechanism, it is crucial to carefully consider these factors to ensure its effectiveness in complex environmental conditions. (3) Addressing the challenges posed by limited data scale, intricate environmental conditions, and the difficulties associated with data collection in agricultural microenvironments, the utilization of specific basic model architectures and frozen core training methods can significantly enhance the efficiency of CNN development. When confronted with relatively small and unevenly distributed training datasets, the key to achieving high model accuracy lies in the employment of data augmentation techniques and transfer learning strategies. By leveraging these techniques, we can overcome the limitations of limited data and complex environments, enabling us to develop robust and accurate CNN models for agricultural applications. In this study, we successfully enhanced the model's accuracy and F1 scores by meticulously adjusting training super parameters and integrating the ImageNet dataset with our unique training parameters. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that our test datasets are somewhat limited in size and exhibit uneven sample distribution, which, to a certain extent, constrains the comprehensiveness and generalizability of our findings. The datasets utilized in this paper was primarily collected during early morning hours under sunny weather conditions. As we move forward, our research will focus on gathering a more diverse set of tea images, encompassing various time periods, light intensities, shading, and other complex backgrounds. This will enrich our Big leaf kind of tea dataset, broaden the model's capability to identify a wider range of diseases and pests, and potentially facilitate its deployment on mobile devices. By doing so, we aim to enhance the model's popularity and application, addressing critical disease prevention and control issues, and ultimately providing robust support for the sustainable development of the tea industry. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the challenges of identifying diseases and pests in agricultural environments. It highlights that despite the integration of advanced mechanisms and model improvements, challenges remain in accurately recognizing pests and diseases in intricate agricultural conditions. This implies that vertical farms are not completely immune, as the accuracy of recognition is affected by various factors such as data limitations and environmental complexities.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Snake bite 9 43 20% Cardiovascular system diseases (CSD) Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 33 55 60% Endocrine/metabolic/nutritional (EMN) Aloe vera Diabetes 25 51 49% Persea americana Mill. Weight gain 25 34 74% Thymus schimperi gain 39 54 72% Hordeum vulgare L. Weight gain 54 59 92% Linum usitatissimum L. Weight gain 37 40 93% Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl Weight gain 60 60 100% Avena sativa Weight gain 34 45 76% Sensory neuron disease (SND) Acacia abyssinica Benth. Headache 17 25 68% Capsicum frutescens L. Headache 45 50 90% Coffea arabica L. Headache 53 60 88% Fever (F) Allium sativum L. Malaria 45 57 79% Aloe vera Malaria 47 56 84% Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) 19 54 35% Ocimum gratissimum L. Malaria 32 56 57% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. Bip. Malaria 22 45 49% General and unspecified (GU) Ocimum gratissimum L. General malaise (Mitch) 43 56 77% Hordeum vulgare L. Wugat 51 56 91% Allium sativum L. Evil spirit 55 60 92% Ruta chalepensis L. Evil spirit 57 60 95% Artemisia abyssinica Sch. Bip. ex. spirit 36 60 60% Vernonia amygdalina, Sch. spirit 40 60 67% Table 5: Direct matrix ranking of medicinal plants by informants (A-C) based on usage category Medicinal plants name Cash crop americana Mill. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 2 3 5 5 5 73 1st Acacia abyssinica Benth. 5 5 5 0 0 0 1 3 2 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 65 2nd Eucalyptus globulus Labill. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly. While it mentions 'Aloe vera' in the context of its medicinal uses and lists its applications for conditions like diabetes and malaria, there is no reference to its historical use for treating skin ailments specifically or any overall historical context. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that traditional cryptographic systems are no longer reliable and that there is a need for improvement through quantum cryptography and steganography. This aligns with the claim's assertion of a threat to traditional methods and the proposal of quantum cryptography as a solution.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Experimental observations were further analyzed by using ANOVA tests, and the results showed that both total sugar concentration and glucose-to-xylose ratio had significant effects on the fermentations done in BioLector® with specific growth rate being the most sensitive. ANOVA also showed that the effect of sugar ratio was not profound for fermentations done in serum flasks. The difference in ANOVA results for the two different experimental setups confirmed their different impact on fermentation. An in-depth metabolic study would be useful to investigate the effects of different carbon sources on C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. ConclusionsWe performed fermentations of glucose and xylose at 6 different ratios and 2 different total sugar concentrations by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in microbioreactors and serum flasks to show the effect of different sugar mixtures on growth kinetics and butanol production and to demonstrate the use of BioLector® for fermentative butanol production under anaerobic conditions. Main findings of this study and their significance are summarized as follows: The results showed that the glucose-to-xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to CCR, which might enable control of both by optimizing the sugar composition, thus successful design, and operation of efficient lignocellulosic biomass fermentations. All cultures grew successfully in the BioLector® system under anaerobic conditions, metabolized both glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars, and produced butanol. The online monitoring of cell mass and pH enabled us to follow the progress of the fermentation in real-time and at unprecedented time-resolution. The online monitoring of DO values should be treated with more attention due to its possible interference with other fermentation product to avoid any misinterpretations. Demonstrating a successful use case of BioLector® for fermentative butanol production provides know-how to the scientific community that can enable more informed decisions for the design of the experiments as well as for the selection of the technology. BioLector® system is well suited for anaerobic screening of several media and sugar compositions prior to selection of a few conditions for either serum flask experiments or the more laborious laboratory-scale fermentations with full online and offline monitoring. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by focusing on the fermentation process using Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052, which metabolizes glucose and xylose to produce butanol, rather than discussing synthetic organisms developed by bioengineers. While it mentions the production of butanol from sugars, it does not support the idea of synthetic organisms specifically designed for pharmaceutical or biofuel production.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 58 3rd Ensete ventricosum (Welw) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 0 0 0 57 4th Hordeum vulgare L. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 4 2 0 0 0 55 5th Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 54 6th Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 50 7th Moringa stenopetala (Bakerf. ) Cufod 4 2 4 5 4 5 3 3 2 3 3 4 1 1 2 0 0 0 45 8th Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delil 3 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 2 3 1 4 5 3 39 9th Total 123 89 85 80 74 57 Rank 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 6th 7th Based on use criteria (5 = best; 4 = very good; 3 = good; 2 = less used; 1 = least used and 0 = no value) Table 6: Preference ranking of medicinal plants used to treat stomachache in humans Medicinal plants score Ranking I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce ex Steud. ) J. F. Gmel. 5 5 5 5 4 5 29 1st Solanium incanum L. 5 5 4 5 3 4 26 2nd Ruta chalepensis L. 5 5 5 4 3 3 25 3rd Allium sativum L. 3 4 3 3 5 4 22 4th Artemisia afra 1 3 2 1 5 4 16 5th Brassica nigra L. W. D. J. Koch 1 2 2 3 5 2 15 6th Table 7: Ranking of seven medicinal plants using the procedure of preference ranking based on their degree of local scarcity Medicinal plants name Informants (I) Total score Ranking I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 Acacia abyssinica Benth. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not provide any information regarding Aloe vera or its historical use for treating skin ailments. Instead, it contains data and rankings of various medicinal plants used to treat stomachache and their scoring criteria. This means the content is irrelevant to the claim about Aloe vera.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting that traditional cryptographic systems are insufficiently reliable and emphasizing the need for improvement through the use of quantum cryptographic protection, directly linking to the claim that quantum cryptography offers solutions to challenges posed by quantum computers.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Synergy of crude enzyme cocktail from cold-adapted Cladosporium cladosporioides Ch2-2 with commercial xylanase achieving high sugars yield at low cost 3. 5, exhibiting high thermostability over a broad range of temperatures (between 4 and 40°C). In addition, manganese-independent peroxidase (MIP), a special type of ligninase with the capacity to oxidize dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in the absence of H2O2 and Mn2+, was optimally active at 20°C and pH 2. 5, exhibiting high thermostability over a broad range of temperatures (4 and 28°C), while depressed completely by Fe2+ and essentially unaffected by EDTA. Synergy between Ch2-2 crude enzymes and commercial xylanase obviously enhanced biomass hydrolysis, which could take the place of expensive commercial cellulase mixture. The maximum value of synergistic degree reached 4. 7 at 28°C, resulting in 10. 1 mg/mL reducing sugars. ConclusionsThe psychrophilic enzymes system of C. cladosporioides Ch2-2 with a different synergistic mechanism has huge potential for the enhancement of biomass hydrolysis at mesophilic and low temperatures. The application scope of the lignocellulosic enzyme cocktail could be greatly enlarged by optimizing the operation conditions specific to the characteristics of ligninase. BackgroundMaking full use of biomass such as agricultural waste and energy crops to produce clean fuel ethanol on an industrial scale is beneficial to solve the crisis of environmental pollution and energy shortage. Sugarcane bagasse is one of the most abundant byproducts of agroindustry in south China as well as the world [1]. Meanwhile, Jerusalem artichoke is a typical example of the energy crops which can grow in marginal lands, including saline soils and sandy soils, owing to its unique agronomic traits such as tolerance to salt and drought stresses, and thus does not compete for arable lands with grain crops [2]. As a sustainable feedstock, bagasse and Jerusalem artichoke stalks are both considered to be applicable for the large-scale biological production of cellulosic ethanol and other bio-based chemicals. However, the low efficiency and high cost of existing enzymes converting lignocellulose to fermentable sugars still limit the large-scale industrialization of cellulosic ethanol at present. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the challenges and limitations related to the enzymatic conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars and biofuels, rather than confirming the development of synthetic organisms for such production. It highlights obstacles like 'the low efficiency and high cost of existing enzymes' which hinder large-scale industrialization, suggesting that the technology to effectively produce biofuels from simple sugars is still in development rather than established.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Featured 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10. 000328 View abstract PDF Full text Technoculture in archaeology emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between technological innovation and cultural expression. Digital tools such as GIS have been pivotal in the spatial analysis of archaeological sites, but their utility extends beyond research [10]. Through public-facing projects, communities can engage with GIS data, contribute local knowledge, and offer interpretations that reflect contemporary cultural values. A notable example of VR and GIS-based platforms allowing communities to engage with cultural heritage beyond traditional museums is the reconstruction of the Roman arch of Palmyra, Syria, destroyed by ISIS. Through the collaboration of institutions like Oxford and Harvard, the Institute of developed a 3D virtual model of the arch based on phot. . . . . Read2024. A Community-Based Cross-Tsehaynew Kasse*, Addisalem Haile, and. 10. 32474/. 2024. 03. 000172 View abstract PDF Full text Proper nutrition is essential for survival, growth, development, and overall health at every stage of life while specific nutritional requirements vary based on age, gender, and physiological changes. The first 1000 days, from conception to a child’s second birthday, are especially critical, as it lays the foundation for a child’s physical and mental development, impacting their health and well-being for the rest of their life (1-3). . . . . . Read10. 32474/CTCSA. 2024. 03. 000166 View abstract PDF Full text Globally, AI is revolutionizing education through tools such as adaptive learning platforms, automated grading systems, and intelligent tutoring systems. These technologies enable personalized learning experiences by analyzing student performance data and tailoring educational content accordingly [1,2]. For instance, AI can provide real-time feedback and support, which helps address diverse learning needs and improves student engagement [3]. In the Philippines, the adoption of AI in education is emerging. Some educational institutions are experimenting with AI-powered learning management systems to automate tasks and enhance teaching methods. These early efforts reflect a growing interest in AI’s potential to improve educational outcomes and administrative efficiency [4]. . . . . . Read10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding Aloe vera and its historical use for treating skin ailments. It discusses various topics such as technological innovation in archaeology and the role of AI in education, none of which pertain to Aloe vera or its medicinal uses.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Например, в индустрии информационной безопасности (ИБ) квантономика формирует запрос на создание принципиально новых систем защиты данных: традиционные криптографические системы уже недостаточно надежны, требуется их совершенствование, например, с использованием квантовой криптографической и стеганографической защиты. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that traditional cryptographic systems are no longer sufficiently reliable and highlights the need for improvement through the use of quantum cryptographic methods, which aligns with the claim that quantum cryptography can address the vulnerabilities posed by quantum computers.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: This versatile intermediate is considered as an important chemical solvent for many organic materials and holds great promise as primary building blocks for the synthesis of a multitude of important non-petroleum-derived chemicals such as furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, methyltetrahydrofuran and polyols through oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and condensation reactions [6, 7]. Furfural is industrially synthesized from pentose-rich lignocellulosic materials using mineral acids as catalysts. However, old and inefficient strategies, equipment corrosion and waste disposal, and low production yields have strongly diminished its competitiveness with petroleum-based alternatives in the global market [8]. Achieving high furfural yields from corncob integrating green approaches and efficient equipment has the promising potential for biomass-to-biofuel technologies. There is an urgent demand to develop novel effective strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of industrial furfural production. Solid acid catalysts, which possess properties such as thermal stability and recyclability, are deemed to benefit for the furfural production process [9]. Biphasic systems, which can hinder the second reactions by simultaneously extracting furfural from the aqueous medium to the organic phase, have received much attention [10, 11]. Extensive studies on xylose dehydration have been performed using solid acids as catalysts in biphasic systems [12–14]. However, detailed information on the direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to furfural is inadequate. Many natural factors impede the effective conversion of biomass, such as the crystalline domains of cellulose, the structural heterogeneity and the complexity of cell-wall constituents as well as its complex cross-linking [15]. To achieve the good contact between corncob sugars and the solid catalyst, it is necessary to destroy the complicated structure of the solid raw materials first and then obtain as many hydrophilic products, such as soluble polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharide, as possible [16]. Further converting these sugars by solid catalysts in biphasic systems would then be desirable. This approach can effectively enhance the carbohydrate conversion rate and overcome the regeneration problem of the solid catalyst arising from the one-step conversion method. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the production of furfural from lignocellulosic materials rather than synthetic organisms. It mentions the challenges in the conversion of biomass and the need for efficient strategies but does not provide evidence that bioengineers have developed organisms for pharmaceutical or biofuel production from simple sugars. Instead, it highlights the inefficiencies in current methods and the focus on refining those processes rather than the creation of synthetic organisms.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 000327 View abstract PDF Full text Shambala (Sanskrit:, IAST: Śambhala), also spelled as Shambhala or Shamballa, is a realm that was mentioned in several ancient literatures. According to those literatures, there is a country in Shambala, ruled by a king. All people in Shambala are practicing Kalachakra (time wheel), a Buddhism religion. Nonetheless, there are no modern records to testify where it is. Currently, it is deemed as a spiritual kingdom that is imagined by religious people. Shambala is mentioned in the as well as other religious books. The major Shambala narrative is found in the Kalachakra Tantra, a text of Buddhism Tantras. Kalachakra Bud-dhism was introduced from to Tibet in the 11th century. Kalachakra belongs to the anuttarayoga (nothing-above yoga), the highest meditation sys. . . . . Read10. 32474/. 2023. 04. 000187 View abstract PDF Full text Macromolecular drugs refer to the drugs whose active pharmaceutical ingredients are large molecules, including peptides, proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. Although these drugs have been applied to treat carcinoma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), genetic diseases, cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative disorders, generally speaking, the macromolecular therapeutics are still in the infant stage. . . . . . Read10. 32474/CTCSA. 2024. 03. 000165 View abstract PDF Full text Reference manager software assists researchers in organizing their sources, generating 10. 32474/SJPBS. 2024. 08. 000286 View abstract PDF Full text Sub-Saharan countries of Africa are currently experiencing an increase in health and negative social effects believed to be due to the heavy consumption of cheaply and widely available spirits in the region. Alcohol misuse is a major global health threat, associated with more than 200 burden of disease and injury conditions (Organization [WHO], 2018). Similarly, WHO indicates packing alcohol in small sachets has become a widespread problem in Africa and has both significant social and economic negative impacts on individuals and society. The WHO estimates that approximately 3 million deaths worldwide resulted from harmful use of alcohol in 2016 (WHO, 2018). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding Aloe vera's historical use for skin ailments. Instead, it discusses various unrelated topics, such as Shambala, Buddhism, macromolecular drugs, and the health effects of alcohol consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, which makes it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте� [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the expected emergence of supercomputers in the banking sector, framing quantum cryptography as a priority for data protection systems. This aligns with the claim's mention of the potential threat to traditional cryptographic methods posed by quantum computing, and it highlights quantum cryptography as a viable solution.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: The activity was expressed as U/mg total proteins using the following equation: Activity (U/mg prot tot) = (OD 340nm/min · dilution factor)/ϵ · Ev. Were ϵ is the millimolar extinction coefficient of NADH at 340 nm (6. 22 · 1/(mM · cm)) and Ev is the volume of cell extract used (expressed in millilitres). AbbreviationsGAP1: acid Permease gene Shm2: Serine HydroxyMethyltransferase enzyme GDC: (enzymatic) Complex goxB: Glycine OXidase gene, B. subtilis MLS1: Magene DAL7: Malate synthase gene (name description: Degradation of ALlantoin) Agx1: Alanine:Glyoxylate aminotrans(X)ferase enzyme leuB: LE(β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene), E. coli LEU2: LEUcine biosynthesis (β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene) β-IPMD: β-Isopropylenzyme pTPI: Triose-Phosphate Isomerase, promoter PDC: Pyruvate DeCarboxylase gene(s) ARO10: AROmatic amino acid requiring gene NAD(H)+: Dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced) FAD(H2): Dinucleotide (oxidized and reduced) -CoA: YPD: Yeast extract, : Yeast extract, :TNB: 5,5'-DiThio-bis(2-Nitrobenzoic Acid)/5-Thio-2-OD: : High-Chromatography *: if not differently specified, the listed genes and enzymes refer to S. cerevisiae 11. 100. CAS 311. 10. 1016/j. ymben. 2007. 08. 003. 10. 1186/1475-2859-7-36. 227. 10. 1038/nchembio. 537. 1094. 10. 1007/s00253-012-4197-7. 10. 1186/1475-2859-11-79. 228. 10. 1016/j. jbiosc. 2012. 09. 004. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various equations and biochemical terms without focusing on synthetic organisms' ability to produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. It lists genes and enzymes but does not provide any information supporting or contrasting the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Globally, the African region has the highest age-standardized alcohol-attributable burden of disease and injury (WHO, 20. . . . . Read10. 32474/JBRS. 2024. 02. 000147 View abstract PDF Full text Renewable energy is a resource, which is obtained from naturally renewable resources, which don’t deplete overtime making it different from fossil fuels. The main sources shall be considered: solar, energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, etc. Given the critical importance of renewable energies in addressing global challenges similar to climate change, energy security, and sustainable development, interest in these energy sources is rapidly increasing worldwide. Additionally, the job market for the renewable energy sector is growing exponentially. Whatsoever, despite the high demand participation of women both globally and in Georgia remains low. A study conducted in 2018 by the found that women make up 32% of the workforce in. . . . . Read10. 32474/. 2024. 03. 000171 View abstract PDF Full text In the field of healthcare, the role of clinical preceptors is of paramount importance in shaping the learning experiences and professional development of nursing students (Dube & Rakhudu, 2021) [1]. According to Dube (2018) [2], these skilled and experienced clinicians play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world clinical practice. The role of clinical preceptors in nursing education has long been acknowledged as fundamental to the development of competent and compassionate nurses (Edward, Ousey, Playle, & Giandinoto, 2017) [3]. The effectiveness of preceptorship is crucial in shaping the clinical learning experiences of nursing students and ultimately impacting their professional growth (AlMekkawi & El Khalil, 2020) [4]. . . . . . Read10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 10. 000326 View abstract PDF Full text of France and the World: It is with great urgency and a profound sense of responsibility that we address you today regarding a matter of grave international concern. This letter aims to shed light on the insidious actions and ambitions of and the Qatari authorities under her influence. The involvement of these entities in global affairs has led to widespread conflict, suffering, and instability, and it is imperative that we collectively recognize and address these issues to protect our future. . . . . . Read10. 32474/LOJMS. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about Aloe vera being used for skin ailments as it discusses various topics, including alcohol-attributable burden of disease, renewable energy, and the role of clinical preceptors in nursing education, without any mention of Aloe vera or its medicinal uses.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте� [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the anticipated rise of quantum cryptography systems in the financial sector, suggesting that these systems will prioritize data protection methods based on quantum principles. This indicates that quantum cryptography could be a solution to the threats posed by quantum computers to traditional cryptographic methods.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Growth conditions that varied the shaking speed and medium volume affecting oxygen dispersion impacted acetoin and 2,3-BDO production (Fig. 3b). For example, acetoin titers rose above 10 g/L when the shaking speed was increased to 200 rpm with 40 mL medium in the 125-mL baffled flask (Fig. 3b). Fig. 3Biomass (OD600 nm), acetoin, 2,3-BDO, and ethanol titers after 24-h post-inoculation under different fermentation conditions which varied shaking speed (120 or 200 rpm), volume (100 or 40 mL in 125-mL flask), and media (RMG8, RMG8X6, and DMR) for control strain 22C(pEZ) (a) and three-gene pathway construct Z. mobilis 22C-BC5 (b) at 33 °CFull size image Optimize heterologous 2,3-BDO pathway to increase 2,3-BDO titerInitial 2,3-BDO engineering efforts in introducing heterologous aldC and bdh genes into Z. mobilis resulted in the 2,3-BDO production of about 3. 7 g/L, which confirms that both aldC and bdh genes are required for 2,3-BDO production in Z. mobilis. Furthermore, the addition of a heterologous als gene from E. cloacae increased 2,3-BDO titers to about 5. 0 g/L (Table 2), which again upheld the assumption that an additional als gene may be needed to redirect carbon flux from ethanol production into 2,3-BDO to compete with the abundant and highly active Z. mobilis Pdc enzyme. Our data thus suggested that the bottleneck reactions to increase 2,3-BDO production could be acetolactate generation from pyruvate and 2,3-BDO production from acetoin. We hypothesize that stronger als and bdh genes, or genes encoding more active enzymes, will boost BDO production. To ascertain whether other heterologous als genes with higher specific enzymatic activities than E. cloacae one as reported in E. coli [16] could improve carbon flux from ethanol production into 2,3-BDO, als genes from B. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim as it primarily focuses on the production of 2,3-BDO and acetoin from Zymomonas mobilis under varying growth conditions, without explicitly stating that synthetic organisms are capable of producing pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. Instead, it discusses the genetic engineering efforts related to 2,3-BDO production, indicating specialized conditions for optimizing production rather than confirming the broad claim regarding synthetic organisms and their applications.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 2024. 07. 000251 View abstract PDF Full text is the most serious presentation of coronary artery disease (CAD), carrying severe consequences due to the occlusion of major coronary arteries. The primary goal in managing STEMI is early reperfusion therapy. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred strategy for patients with acute STEMI, especially when performed promptly from the first medical contact (FMC) [1]. Despite achieving a patent infarct-related artery after revascularization, some patients experience the “no-reflow” phenomenon due to microvascular dysfunction. This phenomenon is defined as a coronary blood flow of less than TIMI 3 without significant stenosis, dissection, or an angiographically observed thrombus distal to the intervention site [2]. Intracoronary Nanitroprusside, an NO d. . . . . Read08, 2024 Is the search for solutions to Effective if are Similar to like Animals and Plants? Rafizadeh* Psychol & 10. 32474/SJPBS. 2024. 08. 000285 View abstract PDF Full text In a life-complex, each human is a member of the societal lifecomplex, adapted to its environment and dependent on it for daily needs. In his 1948 book, Society as the Patient, Lawrence K. Frank views society as a living organism that can become ill, exhibiting symptoms that can be diagnosed and treated by mental health professionals. In adopting this view, mental health professionals would address societal illness as reflected on individual humans through a medical lens, emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and prevention to maintain a healthier society. At first glance, it may not seem easy to link the planetary life-complex and its illnesses to the work of mental health professionals. However, considering that the planetary life-complex is made of many societal life-complexes, and each soc. . . . . Read10. 32474/LOJMS. 2024. 06. 000250 View abstract PDF Full text The term demilitarization refers to a complete set of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their original purpose [1]. Demilitarization is a necessary step for military items before their release to a non-military environment and is carried out in a safe, inexpensive, practical and environmentally responsible manner [2]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding Aloe vera and its historical use for skin ailments. It discusses unrelated medical topics such as coronary artery disease, heart treatment approaches, and demilitarization processes, without any reference to Aloe vera or skin ailments.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящее время известно только о единичных случаях создания суперкомпьютерных систем для финансово-экономических организаций (например, банковских структур и холдингов), то в ближайшее десятилетие следует ожидать появления суперкомпьютеров у многих лидеров банковской отрасли, причем в качестве систем защиты данных в качестве приоритетных будут рассматриваться программно-технические комплексы, основанные на принципах квантовой криптографии и сте� [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by mentioning that there will be a focus on using systems based on quantum cryptography for data protection in financial organizations, indicating that quantum cryptography is considered a priority solution to safeguard against potential threats from quantum computers.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: lipolytica to produce biodiesel from raw starch access Published: 15 September 2015 lipolytica to produce biodiesel from raw starch Rodrigo Ledesma-: orcid. org/0000-0002-6679-972X1,2,3, Thierry Dulermo1,2 & Nicaud1,2,3 Biotechnology for Biofuels 5. 7 times more than the modified strain in the wild-type background. Media optimization to increase the C/N ratio to 90 increased total lipid content up to 27 % of DCW. We also tested these strains in industrial raw starch as a proof of concept of the feasibility of the consolidated bioprocess. Lipid production from raw starch was further enhanced by the expression of a second copy of each enzyme. Finally, we determined in silico that the properties of a biodiesel produced by this strain from raw starch would fit the established standards. ConclusionsIn this work, we performed a strain engineering approach to obtain a consolidated bioprocess to directly produce biolipids from raw starch. Additionally, we proved that lipid production from starch can be enhanced by both metabolic engineering and culture condition optimization, setting up the basis for further studies. BackgroundThe excessive use of petroleum sources cannot cope with the increasing worldwide energy consumption and the environmental requirements to prevent global warming. Bio-lipids produced either by plant or microorganisms are one of the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative sources of energy [1]. Microbial oils present several advantages over plant-based oils: they (1) sometimes can be synthesized from waste products as carbon source (such as glycerol or lignocellulosic materials), (2) they are independent of climate and seasonal conditions, (3) they have short process cycles, (4) industrial-scale fermentations can be rapidly adapted to market needs, (5) the land area needed for microbial cultivation is much smaller than that required for plant growth and importantly (6) microorganisms can be modified by metabolic engineering approaches, which can be utilized to enrich specific desired fatty acids within the microbial oils [2]. However, there are also drawbacks in the use of microbial oils mostly associated to the production costs. The requirement of a controlled environment of aeration, temperature and agitation, the need for aseptic conditions and the recovery of the oil from the cells increase the cost of the whole process. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by focusing on the production of biodiesel from raw starch using engineered strains of the organism Lipomyces starkeyi. While it discusses the feasibility of converting starch into biofuels, it does not present information specifically regarding the development of synthetic organisms capable of producing pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars, thus diverging from the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Actions taken in demilitarization processes should make the item unidentifiable as ammunition after demilitarization [3]. The explosives in many conventional munitions are cast, so these munitions can be demilitarized by heating the explosive charge sufficiently to melt it and flow out of the munition. Explosives that melt at relatively low temperatures are, for example, (80°C) and TNT (80°C). Melting can be done by direct heat. . . . . Read26, 2024 The culture of Competitiveness Sofía Gómez Opitz* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000325 View abstract PDF Full text During the early hours of June 25th, various agents of the arts and cultures from the Chilean scene expressed their discomfort over the unexpected announcement of the early dates for the application of competitive funds from the Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Heritage (MinCAP, for its Spanish acronym) of Chile. This three-month advance, explained as a desperate attempt to improve the image of an outgoing government by “supporting” the cultural sector, put various institutions and artists in a tight spot, having to create projects and obtain the requested documentation in less than a month. Additionally, there were strong complaints when it was revealed that many of the calls for 2024 are delayed in the delivery of funds and publication of results. . . . . . Read26, 2024 Art for Artist Sofía Gómez Opitz* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000324 View abstract PDF Full text How to Closer to People? was the name of the forum organized by the Art and of the Federation of Students of the University (PUC) of Chile. Under this title, and highlighting an issue confirmed even by the few studies on cultural consumption in Chile, PUC students bring to the table the debate facing national arts regarding the generally low attendance at events classified as artistic-cultural. In the end, those of us involved in the art circuit are the same ones who frequently attend. . . . . . Read25, 2024 from Political Elements: Science and Adem Yutsever* J Anthro & 10. 32474/JAAS. 2024. 09. 000323 View abstract PDF Full text Archaeology is closely related to politics and regulations due to its goal of preserving historical and cultural heritage. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding Aloe vera. It discusses topics related to demilitarization processes, cultural competitiveness in Chile, and archaeological politics, none of which relate to the use of Aloe vera in treating skin ailments.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that quantum technologies and quantum computers create demand for high-speed data protection systems that leverage quantum cryptography principles to minimize the risk of hacking and unauthorized access to information. This aligns with the claim that quantum cryptography offers a solution to the cryptographic challenges posed by quantum computers.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: 16 g/L, which represent a yield Y FA/S = 0. 13 ± 0. 07 g/g (grams of fatty acids produced per gram of glucose equivalents in the industrial starch added to the media). The parental strain JMY3501 produced similar lipid titers, 3. 2 g/L from 60 g/L of glucose, and therefore with a lower yield Y FA/S = 0. 053 g/g [41]. Although the total lipid titer remains low compared to other engineered strains in bioreactor optimized conditions [24], here we set up a proof of concept that can be easily transferred to different genetic backgrounds and cultured in optimized large-scale conditions. Surprisingly, we found those strains able to grow in the industrial starch on the surface of the insoluble fractions (coming from wheat cells) present in this substrate, as revealed in the electronic microscopy [Fig. 7d (control with no cells), e (attached cells)]. These preliminary data could suggest the ability of Y. lipolytica to bind plant biomass, which could be useful in cell immobilization approaches. Additionally, this interesting feature could be exploited towards the use of lignocellulosic material using this yeast. This fact is in accordance to previous reports that show the ability of Yarrowia to bind to hydrophobic substrates in an inducible manner [43] due to Lewis acid–base interactions rather than hydrophobic properties of the cell surface [44] Nonetheless, more experiments must be performed to confirm these results, which are currently undergoing. As we previously discussed, microbial lipids can be used as biodiesel after transmethylation reaction to form fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) [45]. It is important to notice that the fatty acid profile (differences in carbon chain length and number of double bonds) of the biolipid has a strong influence in the biodiesel quality [46]. Therefore, we analyzed the fatty acid composition of our strains after growing in industrial starch (Additional file 3: Figure S2). As expected, most abundant fatty acids are 18:1, 16:0, 18:2, 16:1 and 18:0. Nonetheless, significantly differences were found between the wild-type background and the lipid accumulating background, where 16:0 was two times higher and 18:1 was diminished in 20 %. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific yields and compositions of lipids produced by the strain JMY3501 and Yarrowia lipolytica, suggesting that while there is ongoing research into utilizing these organisms for oil production, the focus is not directly on synthetic organisms designed for producing pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars, but rather on their growth characteristics and lipid composition in specific substrate conditions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-2788627/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published10 Jul, 2023Read the published version in →Version 1posted 5You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractA biennial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) generally takes two years to flower and complete its life cycle. In the first year, the plant grows vegetatively, and then enters a period of cold winter. In the second year, it grows reproductively and initiates flowering under long daylength conditions. Among biennial beets that grow vegetatively in outdoor field conditions, two strains were found to flower early under 24-hour daylength conditions without being exposed to cold temperatures. The hypothetical locus related to the flowering trend was named ‘BLOND’ and crossings between strains of the BLOND and normal biennials yielded hybrid derivatives of F1, F2, and BC1F1. Bolting rate was investigated both in an outdoor field under natural daylength conditions and in a greenhouse with an artificial 24-hour daylength. BLOND strains and hybrid derivatives did not bolt in the outdoor field similar to those in the biennial control strains. This enables evaluation of important agronomic traits, such as yield, which cannot be evaluated using an annual control strain in which all plants bolt. However, under 24-hour daylength conditions, BLOND strains bolted without vernalization treatment, unlike those in the biennial control strains but similar to annuals. The bolting rates of the hybrid derivatives suggested that the flowering characteristics of BLOND were mainly controlled by a single dominant gene. Because seed production in BLOND is estimated to take at least four months, similar to that of the annual beet, BLOND’s bolt rate may be applicable for speed breeding of sugar beets. boltingBLONDday lengthvernalizationIntroductionMost crop varieties have been bred and developed more than a decade. This is to ensures the homogeneity required for a variety by genetically fixing it through multiple generations (Jamali et al. 2022). Biennial crops, such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), have an absolute vernalization requirement that includes a certain period of low temperature or winter to advance one generation (Bosemark 2006). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding ants and supercolonies in any way. It focuses on the flowering characteristics of biennial sugar beet and does not mention ants or their social structures. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: </li> <li>Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how quantum technologies and quantum computers create demand for high-speed data protection systems, emphasizing that quantum cryptography principles help minimize the risk of hacking and unauthorized access to information. This directly supports the assertion that quantum cryptography offers a solution to challenges posed by quantum computers to traditional cryptographic methods.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: doi:10. 1016/j. renene. 2008. 09. 002. 45. doi:10. 1016/j. jbiotec. 2014. 08. 011. 3. 2. 1. 3) is the major starch-degrading enzyme secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. J Gen Microbiol. 1991;137:2463–8. 1003. doi:10. 1007/s12010-009-8579-y. 6. doi:10. 1016/j. enzmictec. 2011. 01. 002. 15. doi:10. 1007/s00253-010-2487-5. 40. doi:10. 1128/AEM. 70. 8. 5037-5040. 2004. 50. doi:10. 1042/BST0301047. 99. doi:10. 1016/j. ymben. 2014. 09. 008. 95. doi:10. 1016/j. bbalip. 2013. 07. 001. 48. Berlin: Springer; 2010 (ISBN: 978-3-540-77584-3 2010). -. Increased electron donor and electron acceptor characters enhance the adhesion between oil droplets and cells of Yarrowia lipolytica as evaluated by a new cytometric assay. J Chem. 2003;51(10):3007–11. doi:10. 1021/jf020901m. 93. doi:10. 1038/nbt. 2683. 8. doi:10. 1016/j. biortech. 2008. 06. 039. 2015. doi:10. 1016/j. bbalip. 2015. 04. 004. 1. Berlin: Springer; 1996. 88. 9. 9. CAS 502. doi:10. 1016/j. mimet. 2007. 06. 008. 44. 53. CAS 37. 5. 91. doi:10. 1002/bit. 25245. 9. doi:10. 1016/j. plipres. 2012. 05. 001. 71. doi:10. 1186/1475-2859-11-71. 33. doi:10. 1007/s11746-006-5033-y. 0003. R. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is largely a collection of DOIs and references to various studies and articles without any coherent discussion relevant to the claim about bioengineers developing synthetic organisms for pharmaceutical or biofuel production. Therefore, it does not support or contrast the claim in any way and is considered irrelevant.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: These crops require additional years to advance one generation than major annual crops, such as corn, wheat, soybean, or rice (Hickey et al. 2019). Therefore, speed breeding is of particular importance in sugar beets. Sugar beet is planted in temperate and subarctic regions and is the second most important sugar crop after sugarcane. Since the onset of reproductive growth (i. e. , bolting stem elongation and flowering) in the first year causes a decrease in sucrose yield and quality in roots, breeding of biennial beets that are less susceptible to bolting has been selected in the breeding process. It is known that B loci found in the annual strain is involved in the tendency of bolting (Abegg 1936; Boudry et al. 1994, El-Mezawy et al. 2002). Positional cloning has revealed that the gene responsible for B locus is BvBTC1, and in the process of breeding and selection, specific haplotypes have been selected that are tolerance to bolting (Pin et al. 2012). Therefore, normal biennial beets can only grow vegetatively and accumulate sucrose in the roots during the first year of growth, resulting in high production. On the other hand, to obtain seeds, it is necessary to induce flowering in the roots through prolonged vernalization and subsequent long-day treatments. Sugar beets require two growing seasons to produce seeds using conventional methods. Seeds are sown in the spring of the first year, and by the fall of that year, enlarged roots, called stecklings, are obtained through vegetative growth. The stecklings are then vernalized during winter and re-planted the following spring to initiate reproductive growth and harvest the seeds by fall (Kockelmann and Meyer 2006). In addition, Kuroda et al. (2015) reported another method to produce seeds in a relatively short period by taking advantage of the response to vernalization from the seedling stage. Young seedlings were grown and vernalized during the winter, re-planted in the spring, and harvested by fall. Nevertheless, long-term vernalization treatments are essential for both methods of seed production because plants must be exposed to cold temperatures (5°C to 8°C) for 8–14 weeks to achieve vernalization (Milford 2006). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses the breeding and cultivation of sugar beets, providing detailed information about their growth processes and methods for seed production. There is no mention of ants or supercolonies, thus failing to address the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: </li> <li>Квантовые технологии и квантовые компьютеры, являясь квантономической продукцией, формируют спрос на высокоскоростные системы защиты данных, в которых минимизация риска взлома и доступа к информации обусловлена применением принципов квантовой криптографии и стеганографии. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing quantum technologies and quantum computers as catalysts for demand in high-speed data protection systems. It mentions that minimizing the risk of hacking and unauthorized access is achieved through the application of quantum cryptography principles, directly aligning with the assertion that quantum cryptography offers a solution to the threats posed by quantum computers to traditional cryptographic methods.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: licheniformis MW3 and its utilization of xylose B. licheniformis MW3 is a natural producer of 2,3-BD. To produce l-lactic acid in this strain, the genes responsible for 2,3-BD synthesis (alsS and alsD) were knocked out (Table 1, Additional file 1: Figure S1). The resulting strain, designated RH01, was used to test the biosynthesis of l-lactic acid from xylose. Fed-batch fermentation was performed in a 5-L fermenter with an initial xylose concentration of approximately 55 g/L [19]. In our previous study, d-lactic acid production by strain MW3 was distinctly affected by the pH of the incubation medium and exhibited a maximum productivity at pH 7. 0 [9]. Thus, in this study, pH 7. 0 was chosen for the engineered strain RH01. As shown in Fig. 2a, no 2,3-BD was detected in RH01, and 73. 4 g/L l-lactic acid was obtained from 113. 1 g/L xylose after 62 h. The productivity was 1. 2 g/[L h], and the yield was 64. 9% of the theoretical yield. The concentrations of acetic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid were 6. 7, 5. 5, and 0. 31 g/L, respectively. A large amount of formic acid (20. 1 g/L) was detected in the medium, suggesting that the native l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) might not be sufficiently robust to compete with other enzymes in consuming pyruvate. Fig. 2Time-course of fed-batch fermentation by strains RH01 and RH02 from xylose. a RH01; b RH02. The fermentations were conducted in a 5-L bioreactor with 2. 5 L of initial medium. The initial concentration of xylose was approximately 57. 0 g/L. The cultivation was performed at 50 °C with stirring at 80 rpm. The pH was maintained at 7. 0 by automatic addition of 25% (w/v) Ca(OH)2. Xylose was added to the medium when its concentration was lower than 20. 0 g/L. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing the specific fermentation processes and outcomes associated with the strain B. licheniformis MW3 and its engineered derivative RH01. It details the production of l-lactic acid from xylose, which indicates a targeted approach to producing specific compounds rather than a general capability of synthetic organisms to produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars as stated in the claim. The absence of 2,3-BD detection in RH01 and the listed by-products suggest that while there is some degree of manipulation of natural organisms, it does not support the idea that synthetic organisms capable of producing a broad range of pharmaceuticals or biofuels have been developed.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: The seed production period is greatly reduced if vernalization is not required. For example, there are annual strains of the same species as sugar beets that do not have vernalization requirements (Abegg 1936). When these annual strains are grown outdoors in the field from late April to early May, the typical growing season in Hokkaido, bolting and flowering are induced under natural daylength conditions in June (Shimamoto et al. 1990; Abe et al. 1997) and seeds can be harvested by fall. This method is likely to be the shortest method in effect, with seed production possible in approximately four months. However, a major drawback of this method is that the extremely high frequency of bolting prevents root enlargement, making it impossible to evaluate important traits, such as yield, in the field. Long daylength, along with low temperatures, is an important external environmental factor that promotes the flowering of sugar beets (Chroboczek 1933; Owen 1940; Stout 1946). In other long-day plants, such as wheat, barley, chickpeas, and oilseed rape, advancement of generation can be promoted by extending the day length (Ghosh et al. 2018, Watson et al. 2018). In order to resolve the dilemma of short-term seed production and field evaluation of agronomic traits in sugar beets, in situations where annuals and biennials are incompatible, for example, strains that initiate flowering only under certain specific daylength conditions while continuing to grow normally in the field would be useful for speed breeding. A preliminary investigation of sugar beet breeding strains from these perspectives revealed two interesting strains: the plant behaves as a biennial and the roots enlarge without the occurrence of bolting when grown outdoors; however, flowering is induced without vernalization treatment when grown in a greenhouse with 24-hour daylength (Kuroda unpublished data). Namely, among biennial beets that grow vegetatively in outdoor field conditions, the two strains were found to flower early under 24-hour daylength conditions without being exposed to cold temperatures. We hypothesized that the two strains retained vegetative growth and required vernalization to initiate flowering under outdoor field conditions (i. e. , natural day length), but lost the vernalization requirement and initiated flowering under daylength conditions longer than natural daylength (e. g. 24-hour daylength). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about ants or supercolonies at all. It discusses topics related to sugar beet breeding, seed production, flowering conditions, and the impacts of vernalization on various plant strains. Since these topics are entirely unrelated to the capabilities of ants forming supercolonies, the text is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: The development of quantum computers could threaten traditional cryptographic methods, but quantum cryptography provides a solution to this problem. [SEP] Text: Lapshin V. V. , Okhotsimskij D. E. , Platonov A. K. Ob odnom sposobe rekuperatsii ehnergii pri dvizhenii shagayuschego apparata/ nauk SSSR. Mekhanika tverdogo tela. 1986, № 5. 9. Ratkin L. S. K 90-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya pervogo direktora FTIAN akademika Valieva: kvantonomika, kvantovo-tekhnologicheskaya initsiativa i kvantovaya promyshlennosti na primere povysheniya urovnya diversifikatsii finansovo-kommunikatsionnykh korporatsij v voennoj i grazhdanskoj sferakh/ Investitsii v Rossii. 2020, № 11 (310). 10. Ratkin L. S. Kvantovye kommunikatsii i komp'yuternaya steganografiya dlya razvitiya ehlektrotransporta v/ Transport: nauka, tekhnika, upravlenie. Nauchnyj informatsionnyj sbornik. 2021, № 1. 11. Ratkin L. S. Patent na izobretenie № 2322693. 12. Ratkin L. S. Razrabotka informatsionnoj sistemy dlya distantsionnogo obucheniya spetsialistov v sfere superkomp'yuternykh i kvantovo-komp'yuternykh vychislenij s primeneniem kriptografii i komp'yuternoj steganografii na platforme «1S: Predpriyatie»/ V sbornike: Novye informatsionnye tekhnologii v obrazovanii. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov XXI Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely irrelevant to the claim as it primarily consists of bibliographic references and titles of works related to quantum technology and communications without addressing the potential threats of quantum computers to traditional cryptography or the solutions of quantum cryptography. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast with the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: It remains elusive whether the interaction of and free SNZR L accounts for up the up regulated synthesis by confluent tendon cells in culture. The data available does not support there is direct interaction between cell surface and intracellular free SNZR L. Other factors and/or changes of cellular gene expression patterns should also be considered. 1 should be presented as Table 1, which is important to demonstrate that tendon cells of adult rooster tendon also express hi level of collagen synthesis. Additional comments Cell density-dependent collagen synthesis is an old observation of cultured tendon fibroblasts, which is probably true to most fibroblasts isolated from any connective tissues, if not all. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating collagen synthesis remains unknown. The author has made significant contribution in finding complex in promoting tendon fibroblasts and novel hypothesis of the interaction and free SNZR L may contribute to the regulation of cell density synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts. It would be of interest to determine whether all around and full cell-cell contact at confluency is perquisite for the upregulation of collagen synthesis or the cessation of cell growth, e. g. , arrest of cell cycle, is sufficient for the up regulation of collagen synthesis. Cite this review as Kao WK (2022) #1 of "A synthetic cell density signal can drive proliferation in chick embryonic tendon cells and tendon cells from a full size rooster can produce high levels of procollagen in cell culture (v0. 1)". PeerJ Reviewer 2 · Sep 11, 2022 Basic reporting In the manuscript titled "A synthetic cell density signal can drive proliferation 1 in chick embryonic tendon cells and tendon cells from a full size rooster can produce high levels of procollagen in cell culture, describes finding relating to the treatment of tendon cells with a lipid-protein complex that regulates their proliferation. I have a major and minor issue with the style of reporting. The major issue: The manuscript occasionally reads as a review and other times as an original report. The abstract reflects the same: one is left confused as to where the previous reportage of relevant published observations end and where the new findings of this paper begin. A formidable deal of editing is sorely required before the manuscript can be accepted into the public domain. To illustrate with an example: "They might 203 have to add both at the same time. And even then, this molecule might not be stable. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses the mechanisms of collagen synthesis in tendon cells and the complexities of cell density signals. It does not mention synthetic organisms, bioengineering, the production of pharmaceuticals, or biofuels from simple sugars, thereby failing to provide any supporting or contrasting information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: All ants are capable of forming supercolonies without conflict. [SEP] Text: The two strains were named ‘BLOND’ (Bolting by longer than natural day length). In this study, differences in flowering characteristics were investigated for two years using these strains under two growth conditions: an outdoor field and a greenhouse. In addition, artificial crosses were made between strains with different flowering characteristics to produce several progenies, and the heritability of these characteristics was investigated. materials Flowering characteristics were investigated using two ‘BLOND’ strains, ‘NK-420mm-O’ and ‘NK-422mm-O’, derived from biennial sugar beet populations of different origins in 1991 and 1976, respectively. One of the two strains, ‘NK-420mm-O (also known as N2n-35-70-2-4)’, had flowering characteristics similar to the annual beet in the greenhouse, which could be explained by a single dominant gene model (Kuranouchi et al. 1990). However, there were no detailed data on flowering characteristics under outdoor field conditions. As for on the other strain ('NK-422mm-O'), there is only a record having an annual-like flowering trait, and no further information is available. Typical annual and biennial beets were used as controls for the BLOND. For the annual control, the strain ‘TA-33BB-O’ was used. This strain usually bolts under long-day conditions in a greenhouse and exhibits the same phenomenon when grown under outdoor field conditions (Shimamoto et al. 1990; Abe et al. 1997). For the biennial control, ‘NK-280mm-O’, ‘NK-310mm-O’, ‘NK-377mm-O’ and/or ‘Monohikari’ were used. In addition, crossings of these materials were performed to evaluate the heritability and segregation of the flowering characteristics of BLOND. For crossing using the BLOND strains, F1 and F2 were obtained by crossing the BLOND and biennial strains (‘NK-377mm-CMS’ or ‘NK-310mm-O’), and BC1F1s were obtained by crossing the F1 and biennial strain (‘NK-310mm-O’). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding ants and supercolonies. It discusses the differences in flowering characteristics of certain strains of biennial sugar beet and does not mention ants or their behavior in forming supercolonies.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The majority of solar-powered drone applications focus on reducing the need for traditional fuel sources and extending operational range. Solar-powered drones will soon be able to fly indefinitely, powered entirely by sunlight, with no need for landing or recharging. [SEP] Text: The system response is excellent, and the control procedure is carried out with very minor overshoots. However, there is a noticeable overshoot in the case of altitude and yaw velocity control, at 60 seconds for altitude and 66, and 71 seconds for yaw velocity. Figure 3. The actual and desired altitude values. Figure 4. The actual and desired roll values. Figure 5. The actual and desired pitch values. Figure 6. The actual and desired yaw values. A trajectory can be simulated to show that the simulation is appropriately controlled and operating. A 3D trajectory may be created using the trajectory inputs and states of altitude, roll, pitch, and yaw velocity. Figure 7 shows the three-dimensional trajectory, whereas Figure 8 illustrates the sensor position output. Figure 7. The quadcopter position sensor reading. Figure 8. The quadcopter trajectory. The RPM of the motors is also provided in Figure 7 for further controller demonstration. The aforementioned overshoot may also be seen in the RPM diagram at the same time period (Figure 9). Figure 9. The quadcopter RPM. The quadcopter’s voltage, current, and battery state of charge (SOC) are simulated in both cases, with and without solar cells. The results are compared to show how using solar cells improves flight duration. Figures 10–17 compare battery simulation results with and without solar cells. Figure 10. The battery voltage vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 11. The battery voltage vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 12. The battery current vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 13. The battery current vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 14. The battery SOC vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 15. The battery SOC vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figure 16. The battery power vs. time when solar cells are used. Figure 17. The battery power vs. time when no solar cells are used. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate that when solar cells are used, the voltage is higher than when they are not used. Figures 12 and 13 show that when solar cells are employed, the current drawn is lower than when they are not. When determining the quadcopter flying time, these current values are critical. Figures 14 and 15 show that the SOC is lower when solar cells are employed than when they are not used. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how using solar cells improves flight duration and comparing simulations of battery performance with and without solar cells. It specifically points out that when solar cells are used, voltage is higher and the current drawn is lower, which indicates effective utilization of solar energy. This directly supports the claim that solar-powered drones are focusing on extending operational range and reducing reliance on traditional fuel sources.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Bioengineers have developed synthetic organisms that can produce pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. [SEP] Text: Bose – to Plastics and BiofuelsSep 8, 2021 | & Share 0 Reddit +1 0 LinkedIn 0 Email Voxygen was widely available in Earth’s atmosphere, ancient microbes looked to other elements to obtain electrons for photosynthesis. Some of these microbes are called ‘photoferroautotrophs’ – which can take up electrons from iron available in their surrounding environment and use them to transform carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomolecules. In their research, Bose and her team at in St Louis, explore the mechanisms these microbes exploit to produce biomolecules, using the electrons they take in. Their discoveries are leading to sustainable new ways to produce both plastic and fuel – and could soon prove to reduce our reliance on the compounds derived from crude oil. Microorganisms have evolved a bewildering array of techniques to obtain nutrients from their surrounding environments. As biologists learn more about these methods, their potential use in our technology is now looking increasingly promising. Perhaps one of the most fascinating of these feeding methods is called ‘microbial electrosynthesis’. The process can be controlled using devices named ‘microbial electrochemical cells’ powered by electricity, in which oppositely-charged electrodes are placed in a charge-carrying electrolyte. By attaching themselves to the device’s negatively-charged cathode, photoautotrophic microbes that feed through microbial electrosynthesis can use the abundant incoming electrons to catalyse biochemical photosynthesis reactions, and convert CO2 into value-added multi-carbon compounds. By exploiting these behaviours, Bose and her team at hope that they can mitigate some of humanity’s most environmentally-damaging activities, including plastic use. However, many improvements are needed before these techniques can be rolled out on industrial scales. In their research, and her team explore this issue in detail, drawing from the latest advances in chemistry, microbiology, and materials science. : Sean Garcia, WashingtonUniversity in St. In previous studies by the Bose team, promising opportunities for improving the performance of microbial electrosynthesis emerged with the use of a rod-shaped photosynthetic bacterium named Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1) – which takes up electrons using a surface protein system called Pio. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a specific research initiative focusing on how certain ancient microbes, through mechanisms like microbial electrosynthesis, can produce biomolecules primarily from carbon dioxide (CO2) and electrons, rather than directly producing pharmaceuticals or biofuels from simple sugars. While it mentions the potential for producing fuels and plastics, it does not corroborate the claim specifically about synthetic organisms developed for direct output from simple sugars.