Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: None of the studies reported on patient safety or adverse events. We did not find any study on telehealth interventions for diagnosis, initiating new treatment, or those conducted in a primary care setting. Conclusions: Based on a small set of diverse trials, we found no notable differences between telephone and video consultations for the management of patients with an established diagnosis. There is also a significant lack of telehealth research in primary care settings despite its high uptake. J Res 2023;25:e49942doi:10. 2196/49942Keywordstelehealth; telemedicine; telerehabilitation; systematic review; effectiveness IntroductionTelehealth (the provision of health care via telephone or video) has been used for health care delivery for decades, but the COVID-19 pandemic greatly accelerated the uptake of telehealth in many care settings globally [1]. In Australia, following a rapid national policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic, uptake of telehealth consultations increased sharply and effectively [1]. In state of Victoria, telehealth consultations with general practitioners increased from 0% before the pandemic to 55% by August 2020 and tapered off to stay around 30% thereafter [2]. The most common types of consultations through telehealth were management of chronic conditions, mental health, and medication, posttest and postdischarge follow-ups, and new patient consultations [3]. Previous systematic reviews of telehealth versus face-to-face consultations found no evidence of difference in outcomes of clinical effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and cost in many areas including mental health and primary care [4,5]. However, few studies have made direct comparisons between different telehealth modalities, with very few studies having compared the effectiveness of telephone versus video telehealth modalities. Studies that have examined this are generally narrowly focused on specific care providers such as nurses [6], or specific conditions such as chronic conditions [7], with no available systematic reviews that have compared telephone and video telehealth across a variety of care settings. Given the now widespread use of telehealth and the predominance of telephone over video consultations [1], it is important to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of telehealth delivered via telephone to video. We therefore aimed to identify, assess the quality of, and synthesize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare synchronous telephone and video provision of care. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting significant limitations of telehealth services, including a lack of studies on patient safety and adverse events, and states that there is a notable deficiency in telehealth research specifically in primary care settings. Additionally, while the text acknowledges the increased uptake of telehealth during the pandemic, it emphasizes that there is no clear evidence demonstrating that telehealth can completely replace in-person consultations for all medical needs, particularly in the context of diagnosis and initiation of new treatments.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: Arias--Trujillo V, et al. Drivers and effects of deforestation in Colombia: a systems thinking approach. Chang [Internet]. 2021;21. Available from: View 31. Identifying and measuring land-use and proximity conflicts: Methods and identification. Springerplus. 2014;3:1–26. View 32. Gallo G. Conflict Theory, Complexity and Systems Approach. Behav Sci. 2013;30:156–175. View 33. D. at Last? as a Network of Targets. Sustain Dev. 2015;23:176–187. View 34. Bayer S. and Modeling for a by John Sterman. Interfaces (Providence). 2004;34:324–326. View 35. Calderón N. 21 para el Departamento de Caquetá: Una construcción colectiva para el de la [Internet]. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia); 2007. Available from: 36. Sistema para la Planificación Rural Agropecuaria—SIPRA [Internet]. [cited 2021 Sep 17]. Available from: 37. . Mapa petrolero de la Amazonía y resistencia en el Caquetá: retos de paz en el posconflicto. Extr y posconflicto en Colomb retos para la paz Territ. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): de Colombia (Sede Bogotá). Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Geografía; Centro de Investigación y Educación por la Paz; 2016. p. 413–440. 38. Vásquez T. Caquetá: Análisis de conflictividades y construcción de paz | El PNUD en Colombia [Internet]. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia); 2014 [cited 2021 Sep 17]. Available from: 39. Pizano C, García H. en Colombia. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH); 2014. 40. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and publications on different subjects such as deforestation, conflict theory, and peacebuilding in Colombia. There is no mention of nature sounds or their potential effects on peace or productivity.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: В то же время исследования глубоководных сульфидов (ГПС), в состав которых входят конкреции икорки, а также глубоководных илов свидетельствуют, что они содержат практически весь спектр полезных ископаемых в объемах, которые по многим полезным компонентам значительно превышают запасы континентальной суши [1]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that deep-sea sulfides contain a wide range of valuable minerals in quantities that exceed those found on continental land. This supports the notion that seabed mining is focused on extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: MethodsStudy DesignThe systematic review was reported in compliance with the (Items for and Meta-Analyses) statement [8]. The protocol was developed prospectively and is available through the Framework [9]. We used the methodology of completing a full systematic review in 2 weeks herein [10]. This systematic review was conducted as part of a series of evidence syntheses evaluating evidence for the effectiveness of telehealth for the Department of Health and Aged Care. Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaWe included RCTs of any design, including parallel, cluster, crossover, factorial, or mixed, that included more than 10 participants and directly compared telephone consultations with video telehealth consultations. All other study designs (nonrandomized trials, observational studies, and qualitative-only studies), reviews (eg, literature, scoping, etc), commentaries, or opinion pieces were excluded. ParticipantsWe included studies with participants of any age, gender, care setting, or health condition. Studies conducted in a tertiary care setting (with in-hospital patients) were excluded. However, studies involving patients discharged from hospital and undergoing care by a primary or allied health providers were included. Care providers could include, but were not limited to, general practitioners, allied health care providers, nurse practitioners, midwives, and specialist physicians (eg, psychiatrists, dermatologists, and rheumatologists). Telehealth consultations between patients and clinicians were included; clinician-to-clinician consultations not involving patients were excluded. InterventionsWe included studies that evaluated the effectiveness of real-time (synchronous or “live”) consultations via telephone calls, including diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Consultations involving asynchronous provision of care (eg, store and forward of patient-generated data) were excluded. Studies evaluating the following interventions were also excluded: mobile apps, virtual reality, SMS text messages (eg, reminders), web-based platforms (eg, information and support systems and chat-based services), and studies of novel (nonstandard) interventions. Consultations could include single or multiple episodes of care, but the compared groups had to receive similar care in terms of frequency, duration, and health care provider. ComparatorsWe included comparators that evaluated the effectiveness of real-time (synchronous) consultations via video on any device type (eg, mobile or desktop computer), including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by outlining the limitations and specific criteria for the systematic review regarding telehealth. It emphasizes that the review included only certain types of studies, specifically those comparing telephone and video consultations, while excluding other formats of delivery and consultations not involving patients. This suggests that telehealth services, though effective in certain contexts, cannot fully replace in-person consultations without comprehensive consideration of diverse healthcare scenarios.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: Departamento del Cesar. Escala 1:100. 000. Estudio general de suelos y zonificación de tierras. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): Subdirección de Agrología; 2018. 41. Gilbertson TL. Financialization of nature and climate change policy: Implications for mining-impacted Afro-Colombian communities. J. 2021;56:21–38. View 42. Cardoso A. Behind the life cycle of coal: Socio-environmental liabilities of coal mining in Cesar, Colombia. [Internet]. 2015;120:71–82. Available from: View 43. Romero M, Torres DF. Drummond, Chiquita y paramilitares: Adaptación y negociación de ventajas en medio del conflicto. In: M, editor. los paramilitares Redes corrupción, negocios y política. Corporación. A. ; 2011. p. 149–189. 44. Agencia de Renovación del Territorio. ABECÉ PDET [Internet]. 2021. Available from: 45. Unidad de Planificación (UPRA). Análisis de la distribución de la propiedad rural en Colombia: propuesta metodológica. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): UPRA; 2016. 46. Neva N, Prada R. Índice de informalidad. Indicador de informalidad en la tenencia de la tierra en Colombia vigencia 2019. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): Unidad de Planificación (UPRA); 2020. 47. Sterman J. and Modeling for a Complex World. Homewood: Irwin/McGraw-Hill; 2000. 48. Haraldsson H. Introduction to Diagrams. Reports Ecol. Environ. Eng. Lund; 2004. View 49. Löhr Operational challenges in collaborative research projects: Addressing conflict multidimensionality. Kybernetes. 2018;47:1074–1089. View 50. Anderson V, Johnson L. What is Systems Thinking? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it provides a list of references and studies focused on various socio-environmental issues in Colombia rather than discussing the effects of nature sounds on environment and productivity.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: Особую ценность представляют месторождения полиметаллических сульфидов, которые распространены во всех океанах и внутренних морях и даже водоемах и водотоках [2–6]. Наиболее изучены конкреции Тихого океана из рудной провинции Кларион-Клиппертон. Глубоководные железомарганцевые конкреции (ЖМК) представляют собой, в основном, округлые стяжения черного и буровато-черного цвета с шероховатой поверхностью. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the extraction of polymetallic sulfide deposits in oceans and internal seas, indicating the extraction of valuable minerals from the seabed.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: We included only direct comparisons between telephone and video telehealth consultations; indirect comparisons (of video to face-to-face care or telephone to face-to-face care) were excluded. OutcomesWe included studies that reported on our primary outcome of interest, which was clinical effectiveness (details depended on condition/clinical area), and secondary outcomes, which were patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient and clinician satisfaction with care. For diagnostic accuracy studies, the outcomes would include comparative accuracy of diagnosis for telephone versus video telehealth care. Search StrategyPubMed (), Embase, and were searched via the (which includes ClinicalTrials. gov and the Organization’s Platform) from inception until February 10, 2023. All search strategies are provided in Multimedia 1. Forward and backward citation analysis was conducted on included RCTs to ensure that all relevant studies have been identified. Study RestrictionsWe did not impose restriction by language (ie, if the 2. Data ExtractionReview authors (OB, HG, and MB) independently extracted the data on study characteristics and methods, participants, interventions and comparators, and primary and secondary outcomes. Discrepancies in data extraction were resolved by consensus or by referring to another author. Assessment of Risk of BiasThe risk of bias of included RCTs was assessed independently by 2 authors (MB and TA) using the of Bias 2 Tool [11]. Five domains were assessed: bias arising from the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended intervention, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in the measurement of the outcome, and bias in the selection of the reported results. Bias was graded as low, high, or as having some concerns. In our protocol, we stated that we would use the original of Bias tool, but during the conduct of the review, we decided to use the updated Risk of Bias 2 tool due to its recency. Data AnalysisRevMan 5 (version 5. 4; Cochrane) was used to calculate the intervention’s effect. When appropriate, we meta-analyzed studies using either odds ratios or standardized mean differences using a random-effects model. We used odds ratios for results reporting the number of patients with an event (eg, stopped smoking) and standardized mean difference for continuous outcomes (eg, depression). Study outcomes were compared and subgrouped by follow-up duration where relevant. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing that the study focused only on direct comparisons between different telehealth modalities (telephone and video) and specifically excluded indirect comparisons with in-person care. This implies that telehealth services may not completely replace in-person consultations as clinical effectiveness and other outcomes were evaluated only within telehealth contexts, not against traditional face-to-face consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: basics From concepts to causal loops. Cambridge: Pegasus Communications; 1997. p. 17–36. 51. . A definition of systems thinking: A systems approach. Sci [Internet]. 2015;44:669–678. Available from: View 52. Schlindwein SL, Ison R. Confronting total systemic failure? 2018 truckers’ strike in Brazil. Behav Sci. 2019;1–9. View 53. Kohlbacher F. The use of qualitative content analysis in case study research. Sozialforsch. 2006;7. View 54. Mayring P. Qualitative content analysis: theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution. Klagenfurt: Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften; 2014. 55. . Integrating critical thinking and systems thinking: From premises to causal loops. Rev. 2004;20:223–235. View 56. A system dynamics approach for sustainability assessment of biodiesel production in Colombia. Baseline simulation. J [Internet]. 2019;213:1–20. Available from: View 57. Peacebuilding in Rural Colombia—A of the Reform (IRR) in the Department of Caquet á (Amazon). Land. 2020;9:1–17. View 58. Unplanned land clearing of Colombian rainforests: Spreading like disease? Plan. 2006;77:240–254. View 59. IDEAM. Sistema de Monitoreo de Bosque y Carbono [Internet]. Rep. Cambio la Superf. Cubierta por Bosque Nat. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 13]. Available from: 60. Cherubin MR, Chavarro-Bermeo JP, Silva-Olaya AM. Agroforestry systems improve soil physical quality in northwestern Colombian Amazon. Agrofor Syst. 2019;93:1741–1753. View 61. Mendoza JP. Colombia ‘ s transition to peace is enhancing coca- driven deforestation ‘ s transition to peace is enhancing coca-driven deforestation. Lett. 2020;15. View 62. Murad CA, Pearse J. Landsat study of deforestation in the Amazon region of Colombia: Departments of Caquetá and Putumayo. Environ. 2018;11:161–171. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it contains references to various academic works related to systems thinking, sustainability assessment, and deforestation studies, but it does not mention anything about nature sounds, peace, or productivity.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: Причем, если в настоящее время имеется множество открытых месторождений глубоководных полиметаллических сульфидов (ГПС), железомарганцевых конкреций (ЖМК), кобальтомарганцевых корок (КМК), полиметаллических илов (ПМИ) и т. д. в Тихом, Индийском, Атлантическом и Северном Ледовитом океанах, то степень их разведанности (запасы, условия залегания и т. п. ) достаточно низка. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by mentioning the existence of various deep-sea polymetallic sulfide deposits and other valuable mineral resources such as iron-manganese concretions and cobalt-manganese crusts in the oceans, which aligns with the concept of seabed mining as the extraction of these valuable minerals.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Study; year (country)RCT designFollow-up durationTotal participants (phone and video), n (n, n)PopulationIntervention and comparatorReported relevant outcomesByaruhanga et al [31]; 2021 (Australia)Parallel 3-arm4 months699 (229, 201)Smokers older than 18 years, who live in rural and remote areas, with access to a telephone, internet, and emailUp to 6 sessions with 15-minute smoking cessation video counseling delivered by smoking cessation advisors via video communication technology (eg, Skype) vs that delivered via telephone7-day point prevalence abstinence, prolonged abstinence, and quit attemptsCacioppo et al [12]; 2021 (United States)Parallel 3-arm6 months119 (37, 38)Patients with cancer who speak English and are eligible for cancer genetic testingOne session of genetic counseling by genetic counselors via HIPAAa-compliant videoconferencing software or telephone at the oncology clinic in addition to generic information flyersGenetic counseling service uptake and satisfaction with telemedicineChambers et al [25]; 2006 (United Kingdom)Parallel 2-arm12 months30 (15, 15)Patients receiving parenteral nutritionStandard care and follow-up according to usual protocols, with videophone or telephone with the nutrition nurse specialist: weekly for 1 month, fortnightly for 1 month, once a monthly for 4 months, and quarterly for the rest of the studyIn-patient daysEgner et al [13]; 2003 (United States)Parallel 3-arm24 months27 (11, 9)Patients with multiple sclerosis who had a recent functional setback in disease process and with an score of ≥7Structured at-home education and counseling session delivered via video or telephone by a rehabilitation nurseDepression, fatigue, and health-related quality of lifeFincher et al [14]; 2009 (United States)Parallel 3-armOne-off intervention and outcome survey75 (25, 25)Patients with Parkinson disease who take ≥3 medications and have access to and are able to regularly use telephones and purpose-built videophones20-minute standardized Parkinson disease medication and counseling sessions by a nurse via videophone or telephonePatient satisfactionHastings et al [15]; 2021 (United States)Parallel 2-arm3 and a half months40 dyads (20, 20)Veterans aged 65 years or older with [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by demonstrating that while telehealth services were utilized in various studies for specific interventions and patient populations, they are not positioned as replacements for all types of in-person medical consultations. The studies included in the text focus on particular groups (e.g., smokers in remote areas, patients with cancer, or those requiring parenteral nutrition), suggesting that while telehealth can supplement care, it does not replace the need for certain in-person consultations, as indicated by the diverse contexts in which these studies apply.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: View 63. Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y -IDEAM. Boletín de Detección Temprana de la Deforestación 17 [Internet]. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia); 2018. Available from: 64. Grajales J. Land grabbing, legal contention and institutional change in Colombia. J Peasant Stud. 2015;37–41. View 65. . Diverging forest land use dynamics induced by armed conflict across the tropics. Chang [Internet]. 2019;56:86–94. Available from: View 66. Deforestation of rainforests requires active use of UN ‘ s Goals. Environ. 2020;742. View 67. Cárdenas-Camacho LM, Díaz S, Gómez-Anaya W, et al. Participatory analysis of ecosystem services in a protected area of the tropical dry forest (TDF), Colombia. Colomb For. 2021;24:123–156. View 68. . D. C. A. Síntesis del estudio nacional de la degradación de suelos por erosión en Colombia—2015. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia); 2015. 69. FAO. Carbon: the [Internet]. Fao. Rome, Italy: Food and of the United Nations; 2017. Available from: 70. Selvaraju R. Climate risk assessment and management in agriculture. In: editors. Adapt to Proc a Jt FAO/OECD Work [Internet]. Rome: FAO—OECD; 2012. p. 71–90. Available from: www. fao. org/docrep/017/i3084e/i3084e. pdf. 71. de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible—MADS. de Gestión del Cambio Climático Territorial del Departamento de Cesar. [Internet]. Bogotá, D. C. , Colombia; 2015. Available from: 72. Gobernación del Cesar. Plan de desarrollo Departamento del Cesar 2016–2019. 2016. p. 237. 73. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not mention nature sounds or their impact on environmental peace or productivity. Instead, it contains references to various studies on topics like deforestation and climate risk assessment.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: 1 Принципиальная схема разработки месторождений ЖМК кассетным тралом: 1 – кассетный трал (ковш-черпак); 2 – буксирное судно; 3 – буксирный трос; 4 – судно-сборщик; 5 – всплывающие тралы (сетчатые емкости); 6 – сигнальное устройство; 7 – залежь конкрецийFig. 1 General layout of FMN mining with a cassette-type sweeper: 1 – cassette-type sweeper (scoop); 2 – towing vessel; 3 – tow rope; 4 – collecting vessel; 5 – self-surfacing sweeper (meshed containers); 6 – signalling device; 7 – nodule depositКассетный трал состоит из нескольких частей (рис. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text passes in relevance to the claim as it details the components and layout of a specific mining apparatus (кассетный трал) used in seabed mining but does not explicitly state or corroborate the broader claim regarding seabed mining as a practice or the extraction of valuable minerals.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text:  complex medical conditions and suspected mild cognitive impairment, and their care partners12-week care management intervention: monthly video or telephone calls from a study nurse covering medication management, cardiovascular disease risk reduction, physical activity, and sleep behaviorsFeasibility, acceptability, and usabilityJerant et alb [16]; 2001 (United States)Parallel 3-arm12 months37 (12, 13)Patients with congestive heart failure aged 40 years or older who speak EnglishHome telecare delivered via a 2-way videoconference device with an integrated electronic stethoscope or nurse telephone callsHealth care costs and patient satisfactionKim et al [18]; 2018 (United States)Parallel 2-arm6 months42 (21, 21)18-75–year-old women living with HIV who smoke ≥5 cigarettes per day, have smartphones, speak English, and are willing to set a quit date within 4 weeks from the first session8 weekly counseling sessions (10-30 minutes) by a counselor for smoking cessation conducted via video or telephone calls along with open-label nicotine patches (also for 8 weeks)Biochemically verified 2- and 6-month abstinenceKim et al [19]; 2016 (United States)Parallel 2-arm3 months49 (25, 24)18-65–year-old women who had smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day for the last 6 months, who have access to video calls, without contraindication to nicotine patches, not pregnant or lactating, and are willing to set a quit date within 4 weeks from the baseline assessment8 weekly counseling sessions (30 minutes) conducted by therapists for a deep culturally adapted smoking cessation intervention by video or a telephone call app along with open-label nicotine patches (also for 8 weeks). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing several telehealth interventions that involve remote consultations, yet it implies that these may not fully replace in-person visits for complex medical conditions, as it discusses care partners and the management of serious health issues such as congestive heart failure and smoking cessation, which often require a level of in-person assessment and interaction.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: Montoya-Molina S, Giraldo-Echeverri C, Montoya-Lerma J, et al. Land sharing vs. land sparing in the dry Caribbean lowlands: A dung beetles’ perspective. Ecol [Internet]. 2016;98:204–212. Available from: View 74. Ulloa A, Coronado S, editors. Extractivismos y posconflicto en Colombia: retos para la paz territorial. Bibl. abierta. Colecc. Gen. Ser. Perspect. Ambient. Grup. Investig. Cult. y Ambient. Bogotá, D. C (Colombia): de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Geografía. Centro de Investigación y Educación por la Paz (CINEP/PPP); 2016. 75. Oxfam. Divide and Purchase: How land ownership is being concentrated in Colombia [Internet]. Oxford, UK; 2013. Available from: 76. Wiig H, García-reyes P. Bread or justice—Land restitution and investments in Montes de Maria, Colombia. Land use policy [Internet]. 2020;91:104380. Available from: View 77. Abiertos Datos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. Número de solicitudes de inscripción al recibidas en la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras según municipio de ubicación del predio. [Internet]. Estadísticas Solicit. Restitución Discrim. Munic. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 18]. Available from: View 78. . Scaling up zero-deforestation initiatives through public-private partnerships: A look inside post-conflict Colombia. Chang [Internet]. 2020;62. Available from: View 79. Haraldsson HV. Introduction to Diagrams. Lund, Sweden; 2004. 80. Yearworth M, White L. The uses of qualitative data in multimethodology: Developing causal loop diagrams during the coding process. [Internet]. 2013;231:151–161. Available from: View 81. Sterman J. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding nature sounds enhancing peace and productivity. Instead, it contains citations and references related to land use and socio-environmental issues in Colombia. Therefore, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: 2 Cassette-type sweeper workflow: а – lowering to the working face (start of operation); b – mining of nodules; c – replacement of the sweeper filled with nodules and preparation for surfacing; 1 – scoop (mouldboard); 2 – tow rope fixing assembly with a penetrating counterbalance; 3 – tow rope; 4 – nodules; 5 – swing-ing plate; 6 – cassette (main horizontal part); 7 – sweepers (intake vessels); 8 – extra strong sweep-er net; 9 – flexible frame of the sweepers’ internal cross section; 10a – top holding roller with a com-pressed air bottle; 10b – bottom holding roller; 11 – swinging plate hinge; 12 – spring link; 1 3 – rigid supporting rod; 14 – spring latch; 15 – inclined (feeding) part of the cassette; 16 – elastic pulling rope; 17 – cylinders for surfacing; 18 – compressed air bottles; I – operational position of the plate; I I – unloading position of the plateКомплекс работает следующим образом: кассетный трал ковшами-черпаками, изготовленный в виде четырех-угольной призмы без оснований, опускается лебедкой с буксирного судна на дно так, чтобы отвал находился перед залежью конкреций (рис. 1 и 2). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing specific operations involved in seabed mining, including the lowering of a cassette-type sweeper to the ocean floor, the mining of nodules, and the operational sequence for collecting these resources. This indicates that valuable minerals (nodules) are indeed extracted from the ocean floor during the seabed mining process.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: 5 months30 (14, 16)Infants with major congenital heart disease and their carersHome monitoring via videoconferencing or telephone calls following discharge from hospital, started twice-weekly and then as needed by physiciansAnxiety levels of familiesPhillips et al [22]; 2001 (United States)Parallel 3-arm12 months111 (36, 36)18-60–year-old patients with newly acquired spinal cord injuryIndividual educational rehabilitation sessions with a nurse via video or telephone calls once a week for 5 weeks, and then fortnightly for 1 monthDepression, quality of life, and annual hospital daysRenard et al [29]; 2022 (Canada)Parallel 2-arm—e20 (10, 10)Rehabilitation patients with nonurgent conditions who have access to the internet or a computer, who can follow instructions for exercises at homeUp to 6 sessions of videoconference or telephone follow-ups with a physiotherapistQualitative analysis of feasibility, clinical effectiveness, and patient satisfactionWakefield et alf [24]; 2008 (United States) and Wakefield et al [23]; 2009 (United States)Parallel 3-arm12 months148 (47, 52)Patients with heart failureHome monitoring via a purpose-built videophone or telephone 3 times in the first week after discharge, and then weekly for 11 weeks (14 contacts over 3 months by the study nurse)6-month mortality, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with careYoung et al [30]; 2007 (Canada)Parallel 2-arm1. 5 months43 dyads (22, 21)Pediatric orthopedic surgery patients and their caregiversFollow-up using a purpose-built videophone or telephone post discharge on day 3 and as needed for 6 weeks by an orthopedic clinic nurseQualitative exploration of families’ experiencesaHIPAA: Portability and Accountability Act. bSame studies that published their results in multiple publications. cSame studies that published their results in multiple publications. dSame studies that published their results in multiple publications. eNot available. fSame studies that published their results in multiple publications. Risk of BiasOverall, most studies had a high risk of bias or some concerns, mostly in 2 domains: randomization processes were not clearly reported in 12 studies, and we could not clearly determine bias in the selection of reported results in 9 studies. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various studies that involve telehealth services as follow-up support rather than full replacements for in-person medical consultations. For instance, it mentions home monitoring and follow-up consultations via videoconferencing for specific patient groups like infants with congenital heart disease and patients with spinal cord injuries. This indicates that while telehealth can be effective in certain contexts, it does not serve as a complete substitute for all in-person medical consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Nature sounds can make any environment more peaceful and productive. [SEP] Text: :. ESD Intern. Symp. 2002. View 82. Poku-Boansi M. Multi-stakeholder involvement in urban land use planning in the Ejisu Municipality, Ghana: An application of the social complexities’ theory. Land use policy [Internet]. 2021;103:105315. Available from: View 83. . Towards violent peace? Territorial dynamics of violence in Tumaco (Colombia) before and after the demobilisation of the FARC-EP. Conflict, [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 18];19:497–520. Available from: View 84. Hoffmann C, García Márquez JR, Krueger T. A local perspective on drivers and measures to slow deforestation in the Andean-Amazonian foothills of Colombia. Land use policy [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Sep 18];77:379–391. Available from: View 85. Wiig H, García-Reyes P. Bread or justice—Land restitution and investments in Montes de Maria, Colombia. Land use policy. 2020;91. View 86. Counter M. Faith: Land Grabbing, Legal Dispossession, and in Colombia. J Geogr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 16];18:169–192. Available from: View 87. Milke MW. Causal loops for analysis of the social dimension to complex systems. [Internet]. 2013;30:243–248. Available from: 88. Presidencia de la República de Colmbia. Municipios de las Zomac [Internet]. Arch. la Pres. 2015–2018. 2017 [cited 2021 Dec 10]. Available from: 89. (WWF). Land Grabbing: Tracing and Targeting the “Invisible” Colombia’s Forests. Transparent Gov. Nat. Resour. 2021. View 90. Elhawary S. Between war and peace: Land and humanitarian action in Colombia. 2007. View 91. Ramirez B. ? 2018;1–15. Available from: View 92. into Conservation. Conserv Lett. 2018;11:1–12. View 93. tenure, asset heterogeneity and deforestation in Faso. Econ [Internet]. 2015;61:51–58. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding nature sounds and their effects on the environment. It instead consists of references to various studies and papers on urban land use planning, violence, deforestation, and humanitarian action in Colombia, which are unrelated to the concept of nature sounds influencing peace or productivity.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: Мировой океан как резерв минерального сырья в XXI веке. В: Мировая горная промышленность 2004–2005: история, достижения, перспективы. М. : Горное дело; 2005. Т. 1. С. 165–179. 4. Гальперин A. M. , Кириченко Ю. В. , Щекина М. В. , Каширский А. С. , Якупов И. И. Оценка возможности вовлечения железомарганцевых месторождений морского дна в разработку. Ч. 1. Минерально-сырьевые ресурсы мирового океана. Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень (научно-технический журнал). 2014;(5):134–142. 5. Гальперин A. M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the assessment of the feasibility of engaging iron-manganese deposits from the seabed for development, which directly relates to the extraction of valuable minerals from the ocean floor. It highlights the concept of utilizing mineral resources from the ocean, reinforcing the idea of seabed mining.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Bias due to deviations from intended interventions, missing outcome data, and bias in measurement of the outcomes were mostly low (Figure 2). Risk of bias assessment of individual studies is provided as Multimedia 3. Figure 2. Risk of bias of included studies. Primary Outcomes: Clinical EffectivenessThree trials that were conducted in the community reported on smoking cessation outcomes [18,19,31]. Though the outcomes favored telephone consultations, overall, there was no significant difference between telephone and video interventions in smoking abstinence up to 6 months following interventions (Figure 3). For depression (measured by the Center for score), 2 studies including patients with multiple sclerosis [13] and newly acquired spinal cord injury [22] found no significant difference in outcomes between telephone and video interventions up to 2 years (Figure 4). Four studies reported quality-of-life outcomes [13,16,22,23]. There was no difference in quality of well-being scores between telephone and video interventions (Figure 5). However, patients in the telephone group scored a half a point more overall on the with Questionnaire scores, which ranges between 0 to 105, higher scores indicating better quality of life. Although statistically significant, half a point is not likely to be clinically significant. Figure 3. Difference in smoking abstinence rates between video and telephone consultations [19,31]. Figure 4. Difference in depression outcomes between video and telephone consultations [13,22]. Figure 5. Difference in quality-of-life outcomes between video and telephone consultations [13,22]. studies in total reported on health care usage outcomes: 2 studies reported on the mean number of inpatient days [22,25], 1 study reported on total health care costs [17], and 1 study reported on both [26]. Three studies reported outcomes associated with health care usage, specifically, inpatient days of the 2 intervention groups [22,25,26]. These study participants had either parenteral nutrition, congenital heart disease, or spinal cord injury and were monitored in the community. Overall, there was no significant difference between telephone and video intervention groups regarding the number of inpatient days (Figure 6). However, there was substantial heterogeneity, and notably, McCrossan et al’s [27] trial with children with congenital heart disease significantly favored video consultations. Figure 6. Difference in health care usage outcomes between video and telephone consultations [22,25,26]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing clinical effectiveness outcomes of telephone and video consultations, highlighting that there was no significant difference between these telehealth modalities in key areas such as smoking cessation, depression outcomes, and quality of life. This suggests that while telehealth services may be beneficial, they do not necessarily replace the need for in-person consultations entirely, as different methods (telephone vs. video) exhibit similar efficacy as opposed to outmatching in-person interactions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: The liver then converts the saved glycogen lower back into glucose thru glycogenolysis. The glucose is launched as a part of a homeostatic mechanism regulating blood glucose inside ordinary ranges. Skeletal muscle tissues comprise saved glycogen, however do now no longer comprise the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. This enzyme lets in glucose to be damaged down, allowing it to pass thru cell membranes and input the bloodstream. The enzyme simplest has restricted usefulness in muscle cells. The liver synthesizes extra glucose from amino acids, glycerol, and lactic acid thru gluconeogenesis. Glucose is both immediately launched into the flow or saved as glycogen. The glycemic index is a value this is assigned to meals, primarily based totally on the velocity wherein they motive will increase in blood glucose levels. Foods which are low at the glycemic index (GI) scale typically launch glucose slowly and steadily, even as meals excessive at the glycemic index launch glucose quickly. The decrease GI meals resource in weight reduction, however the ones excessive on the dimensions resource in strength healing after exercising, or to save you hypoglycemia. Therefore, human beings with diabetes or prediabetes need to eat extra of the decrease GI meals. This is due to the fact quicker launch of glucose from the better GI meals outcomes in spikes in blood sugar levels. Good glucose manipulate is maintained through the sluggish and constant launch of glucose from the decrease GI meals. In order to enhance blood glucose, manipulate and decrease frame weight and waist circumference, a few research have validated that an in depth nutritional intervention, primarily based totally at the dietary guidelines for human beings with diabetes, is extra powerful than standard care, specially in diabetic sufferers now no longer competently managed regardless of an optimized hypoglycemic drug remedy [3]. However, it’s far critical to underline that amongst obese or overweight sufferers with type 2 diabetes and insufficient glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid manipulate and/or different obesity-associated clinical conditions, way of life adjustments that encompass diet, exercising, and day by day/weekly contacts with health experts are the handiest interventions, as validated through the trial. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the physiological processes of glucose regulation in the body and dietary considerations for diabetes management. There is no mention or implication that relates to how every individual responds uniformly to environmental stimuli.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: , Кириченко Ю. В. , Щекина М. В. , Каширский А. С. , Якупов И И. Оценка возможностей вовлечения железомарганцевых месторождений морского дна в разработку Ч. 2. Перспективы разработки глубоководных месторождений твердого минерального сырья. Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень (научно-технический журнал). 2014;(6):361–368. 6. Kirichenko U. V. , Kashirsky A. S. Development of underwater fields of firm minerals for a solution of the problem of deficiency of the mineral raw materials. In: on Resource Issues. Vol. 1: Innovations in Value Chains: Geology, Mining, Processing, Economics, Safety, and Environmental Management. Freiberg: Medienzentrum der TU Bergakademie Freiberg; 2014. P. 239–247. 7. Задорнов М. М. , Романчук А. И. , Болотов Л. А. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the development of underwater fields of firm minerals, which directly relates to the extraction of valuable minerals from the ocean floor. It emphasizes the potential for involving iron-manganese deposits from the seabed in mining operations.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Two other studies compared the total health care costs of the 2 intervention groups [17,26]. In a study with patients with chronic heart failure [17], the video care group’s total health care charges were higher than those of the telephone care group. Conversely, in a study with pediatric cardiology patients, the total health care costs were one-fourth those of the telephone care group [26]. However, in both studies, telephone and video interventions cost much less than usual care. CareSix studies reported on patient satisfaction with care, of which 3 are comparable and are shown in Figure 7 [14,16,23]. In the other 3 studies, the patients were equally satisfied with both telephone and video telehealth consultations in resolving their questions and concerns [20,27,28]. Seven studies addressed the acceptability and feasibility of the telehealth interventions [15,18,19,27-30]. Both telephone and video interventions were largely and equally acceptable; however, the main challenges for feasibility were access to video call equipment and individual patients’ condition severity and self-efficacy. Clinicians also found videoconferencing acceptable and were more confident in making clinical judgements via video calls rather than telephone calls [27,28]. Figure 7. Patient satisfaction with telehealth [14]. DiscussionPrincipal FindingsThis systematic review identified 16 RCTs, which provided a direct comparison of telephone and video telehealth consultations for ongoing care of patients with established diagnoses. There were no significant differences in clinical effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and health care use (cost-effectiveness) outcomes between the 2 modalities. Both telephone and video consultations were acceptable and feasible. Most of the studies had moderate to high risk of bias, thus reducing the quality of the evidence to low. Many prior studies have demonstrated that telephone and video telehealth consultations by themselves can be equally safe and effective compared to face-to-face delivery with regard to acceptability, effectiveness, and safety outcomes for a wide variety of conditions such as diabetes [32,33] and mental health [5,34,35]. This review adds further evidence that telephone and video consultations are equally acceptable and effective when compared directly. This review has several strengths. We developed and registered the protocol a priori, conducted rigorous search to find all available evidence, and followed guidelines. Clear, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed for studies in a variety of different health conditions to be synthesized and systematically reviewed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the findings of several studies comparing telehealth methods (telephone and video) and traditional face-to-face consultations. It indicates that while telehealth consultations are effective, there are mentions of challenges related to feasibility and the need for equipment (video call equipment), which suggests limitations that could prevent telehealth from fully replacing in-person consultations. Additionally, it states 'Many prior studies have demonstrated that telephone and video telehealth consultations by themselves can be equally safe and effective compared to face-to-face delivery,' implying that telehealth is not a complete substitute but rather an alternative that works under certain conditions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: Insulin become administered to the sufferers withinside the in depth insulin remedy organization to preserve blood glucose degrees among 80 and 110 mg/dl, which ended in suggest blood glucose levels of 90-one hundred mg/dl (normoglycemia). Tight blood glucose manipulate with insulin strikingly diminished ICU (in depth care unit) mortality from 8. 0 to 4. 6% (43% discount). The advantage become especially attributed to the organization of sufferers who required in depth take care of extra than five days with a 48% mortality discount from 20. 2 to 10. 6%. Besides saving lives, in depth insulin remedy in large part averted numerous CI-related headaches. The prevalence of CI (important illness) polyneuropathy become decreased through 44%, the improvement of blood circulate infections through 46%, and acute renal failure requiring dialysis or hemofiltration through 41%. The variety of sufferers who received liver disorder with hyperbilirubinemia become diminished through 16%. Furthermore, anemia much less regularly evolved as illustrated through the 50% discount withinside the median variety of red blood cell transfusions needed. Finally, sufferers had been additionally much less depending on extended mechanical air flow and in-depth care. A massive variety of sufferers had been blanketed withinside the look at after complex cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, the scientific advantages of this remedy had been similarly found in maximum different diagnostic subgroups. Particularly withinside the organization of sufferers with remoted mind damage, in depth insulin remedy become capable of shield the valuable and peripheral apprehensive system from secondary insults and progressed lengthy-time period rehabilitation. An critical affirmation of the scientific advantages of in depth insulin remedy become currently acquired with the demonstration, through a massive randomized managed trial, that the Leuven protocol of glycemic manipulate with insulin in grownup surgical significantly unwell sufferers become further powerful in a strictly clinical ICU affected person populace. Indeed, clinic mortality become decreased from 40. 0 to 37. 3% withinside the intention-to-deal with populace (now no longer massive) and from 52. 5 to 43. 0% withinside the goal organization of lengthy-live sufferers wanting at the least a 3rd day of in-depth care, for which the look at have been powered primarily based totally at the outcomes of the surgical look at. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding individual responses to environmental stimuli. Instead, it discusses the effects of intensive insulin therapy on ICU patients, detailing specific clinical outcomes and benefits without making any generalizations about individual responses to environmental factors.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: AbstractAs the prospect of commercial deep seabed mining comes closer to reality, the Authority (ISA) has begun to turn its attention to the question of how to achieve equitable sharing of the benefits from such mining as mandated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. One approach to equitable distribution is to develop a methodology for distribution of net financial benefits based on agreed rules or formulae. Under this scenario, ISA would collect the net financial benefits and transfer the monetary proceeds to a pool of qualified beneficiaries. However, there are inherent weaknesses to this approach. We propose, in line with similar suggestions by the of ISA, that an alternative form of distribution could be a Fund, similar to a sovereign wealth fund, administered by ISA. Such a fund would support and enhance knowledge about the deep-sea for the benefit of all humanity. In line with this, it is envisaged that the Fund could also support other global public goods that benefit all of humanity, such as adaptation or mitigation of climate change, advancing scientific knowledge of the ocean and deep-sea ecosystems, and ensuring biodiversity conservation. These are known to be underprovided and underfunded and could also benefit from funding sourced from and returned to all humanity. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Authority or any of its member States. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access. Access this 34. 9910 units per month Download 29. 95 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy 139. 00 Price excludes VAT (USA) Available as EPUB and PDF Read on any device Instant download Own it forever Buy e179. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Compact, lightweight edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info 179. 99 Price excludes VAT (USA) Durable hardcover edition Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days Free shipping worldwide - see info calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Institutional subscriptions Similar content being viewed by others of Marine Conservation: of Debt-for-1. resolution 2749 (XXV), 17 December 1970. 2. Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982: A/CONF. 62/122 and Corr. 1–11, ILM 21 (1982) 1261. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the prospect of commercial deep seabed mining, which implies the extraction of resources from the ocean floor. It focuses on the financial benefits and equitable sharing that arises from such mining activities, supporting the idea that seabed mining is aimed at valuable mineral extraction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, we only included RCTs and assessed the risk of bias of all included studies. However, there are some limitations to our findings. All included studies were conducted in high- and middle-income countries and most included fewer than 50 participants, thus limiting the generalizability of our findings. Half of the studies were conducted prior to 2012 before smartphones were in widespread use, using special video calling devices installed in patients’ homes, which would limit the scalability of the intervention. However, with the increasing ownership of personal smartphones worldwide, video communications have become more accessible in recent years, and we believe that the findings from studies using older video calling devices would still be valid today in terms of clinical effectiveness. Lastly, as shown in the risk of bias assessment, some of the studies may have baseline inequalities due to unclear randomization processes; therefore, our results should be interpretated with caution. The clinical relevance of our findings depends on the objectives and clinical contexts of the consultations. In most of our included studies, telehealth interventions were used to follow-up with patients with chronic conditions in the community. This demonstrates the value of telehealth to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations, ensure continuity of care, and improve accessibility of essential health care services for patients in rural and remote areas. Furthermore, different telehealth modalities may be better suited to different types of health care provisions. For example, clinicians were more confident in making clinical judgements and decisions via video rather than by telephone, but the patients were equally satisfied with both video and telephone consultations. However, there was a dearth of studies on telehealth consultations for diagnostic purposes. Future studies should address this gap and provide evidence for usability and effectiveness of telehealth interventions for diagnostic consultations. Although the COVID-19 pandemic greatly accelerated the uptake of telehealth worldwide, we have not found any studies conducted in a primary care setting, which compared telephone to video consultations. Given the increase in convenience and accessibility and a decrease in health care costs, video or phone consultations could be highly beneficial in primary care delivery. Hence, there is an urgent need for studies in primary care settings comparing telephone to video delivery, to establish the most appropriate mode of health care delivery, particularly when access to face-to-face–delivered health care is limited by circumstances such as geography, disability, caretaking obligations, and limited health care resources. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting several limitations of telehealth. It states that there was a lack of studies focusing on telehealth consultations for diagnostic purposes and notes that the clinical relevance of telehealth findings 'depends on the objectives and clinical contexts of the consultations.' This indicates that telehealth may not be suitable for all types of medical consultations. Additionally, the response emphasizes the importance of further research to determine the most appropriate mode of health care delivery, suggesting that in-person consultations may still be necessary in certain contexts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: Intensive insulin remedy substantially decreased morbidity withinside the intention-to-deal with organization, with decrease occurence of latest improvement of kidney damage and hyperbilirubinemia, in advance weaning from mechanical air flow and in advance discharge from the ICU and from the clinic. The discount in morbidity become even extra placing withinside the goal organization of sufferers last in ICU for at the least a 3rd day. These sufferers had been discharged from the clinic alive on common 10 days in advance than on traditional insulin remedy. The variety of lengthy-live sufferers with hyperinflammation become additionally decreased. Blood glucose manipulate become really much less strict and ended in suggest glucose levels of 131 mg/dl withinside the protocol period, in comparison with 152 mg/ dl withinside the baseline period. In contrast with the historic manipulate organization, sufferers did clinically higher after the implementation of the glucose manipulate protocol, with a 29% decrease in clinic mortality, period of ICU live reduced through 11%, 75% much less sufferers evolved new renal failure, and 19% much less sufferers required red blood cell transfusion. No impact become visible in regards to prevention of extreme infections, however the prevalence of this problem become already low withinside the baseline period. In a predominantly standard surgical affected person populace, but, some other prospective, randomized, managed look at, albeit a small one, showed the findings of a reduced prevalence of overall nosocomial infections (which includes intravascular device, blood circulate, intravascular device-associated blood circulate, and surgical site infections) with in depth insulin remedy concentrated on glucose levels among 80 and 120 mg/dl. This intervention ended in suggest day by day glucose levels of 125 as opposed to 179 mg/ dl withinside the wellknown glycemic manipulate organization. In an observational look at of sufferers with diabetes mellitus present process cardiac surgery, intravenous insulin infusion to take away hyperglycemia additionally diminished in-clinic mortality in comparison with the historic manipulate organization, with fewer deep sternal wound infections and shorter period of clinic live. can without a doubt outline the prediabetic sufferers as whose blood sugar levels are neither on the ordinary degree nor on the diabetic degree consistent with the ADA/WHO (Organization/Association) standards for diabetes [6]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding individual responses to environmental stimuli. Instead, it discusses the effects of intensive insulin therapy on morbidity, ICU stays, and related clinical results. As such, it is irrelevant to the claim about uniformity in individual responses.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: AbstractThe growing importance of cobalt to the US economy has led to its categorisation as a critical mineral. Cobalt demand is increasing due to its requirement in lithium-ion batteries, which will significantly contribute to the energy transition. Supply is threatened for various reasons, primarily regarding supply chain concentrations, with the majority of the world’s cobalt originating in terrestrial deposits in the of the Congo, and being refined in China. There remain environmental and ethical concerns over the present supply chain. Previous discussions around reducing cobalt’s criticality have suggested diversifying processing locations to reduce geographical and jurisdictional reliance where possible. This study assesses the viability of extracting cobalt from polymetallic nodules (PMNs) located on the deep-seabed in the Area, as an alternative strategy to reduce cobalt’s criticality. Assessments are made of the viability of PMN extraction considering ongoing barriers to introduction, contrasted with current arguments supporting PMN extraction. PMN mining offers a more stable and decentralised alternative to current cobalt supply. There exist impediments to its introduction, notably potential environmental impacts, which remain poorly understood. Technical and political restrictions must also be overcome. It is argued that the wider environmental benefits of increased cobalt supply from PMN mining may offset its detrimental environmental impacts. It is suggested that PMN mining be used in a wider strategy to improve supply security of cobalt to US markets. Similar content being viewed by others of Deep-Nodules 1. Cobalt’s unique properties as outlined above render its substitutability low, meaning that in many applications, further substitution other than that which currently exists would result in a deterioration of product performance and/or an increase in cost. Compounding cobalt’s criticality is its common extraction as a by-product of other metals, resulting in production levels being mainly driven by the market conditions of the principal metals such as nickel and cobalt, rather than the market’s requirements for cobalt (Slack et al. 2017). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the extraction of cobalt from polymetallic nodules (PMNs) located on the deep-seabed. It presents PMN mining as an alternative method to extract valuable minerals, thus supporting the statement that seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: ConclusionsBased on 16 diverse trials, we found no notable differences between telephone and video consultations for the management of patients with an established diagnosis. However, many of the trials identified were small and old, and were conducted in high-income countries, thus limiting the generalizability of these conclusions. There is also a significant lack of telehealth research in primary care settings despite high uptake. Conflicts of InterestThis systematic review was commissioned by the Department of Health and as part of a series of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of telehealth within primary care. The funder was involved in establishing the parameters of the study question (PICO [population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes]). The funder was not involved in the conduct, analysis, or interpretation of the systematic review, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors report no other actual or potential conflicts of interest. Multimedia 4483. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Use of general practitioner telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Regional Victoria, Australia: retrospective analysis. J Res. Feb 07, 2023;25:e39384. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Visit types in primary care with telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review. . Nov 28, 2022;10(11):e40469. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]Shaver J. The state of telehealth before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Prim Care. Dec 2022;49(4):517-530. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Telehealth face-to-face provision of care to patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. Aug 12, 2022;52(14):2852-2860. [CrossRef]. Nurse-led telehealth intervention effectiveness on reducing hypertension: a systematic review. BMC Nurs. Jan 17, 2023;22(1):19. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Telehealth for the longitudinal management of chronic conditions: systematic review. J Res. Aug 26, 2022;24(8):e37100. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by presenting findings from 16 diverse trials that suggest similarities between telephone and video consultations for managing established diagnoses. However, it notes limitations in generalizability due to the small size and age of the trials, along with their focus on high-income countries. Furthermore, it highlights a significant lack of telehealth research in primary care settings, suggesting that while telehealth may be effective in some contexts, it cannot replace all in-person consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: According to the ADA, analysis of prediabetes is primarily based totally at the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (calculated fasting plasma glucose level is among 100 mg/dl and 125 mg/dl) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (calculated 2nd hour plasma glucose degree is among 140 mg/dl and 199 mg/dl) throughout a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance take a look at or hemoglobin A1c level among 5. 7% and 6. 4%. The growing incidence of prediabetes is a primary public health hassle this is drawing interest all around the world. However, there’s nevertheless a debate among WHO and ADA for the precise definition of this time period. WHO advices intermediate hyperglycemia time period in preference to prediabetes, however ADA shows prediabetes time period along side declining pinnacle reference level of ordinary FPG level to the 100 mg/dl. Detecting prediabetic human beings could be very critical, due to the fact like diabetic sufferers, there are near relationships among prediabetes and most important public health sicknesses. In a preceding ADA professional panel, the prediabetic people’ expected charge for development to the diabetes become stated as 70%. In addition, human beings on the prediabetic stage have excessive threat of growing cardiovascular pathologies while in comparison to the normoglycemic populace. Myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and different coronary issues along side hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia prevelance is sort of threefold excessive in prediabetic populace than normoglycemic populace. Also, some other main motive of overall deaths round the sector is cancer, that is carefully associated with the prediabetes. Another critical sickness organization associated with the prediabetic is neurological problems. The actual pathophysiology among hyperglycemia and most important neurological problems has now no longer but been absolutely clarified; there are such a lot of papers in literature which have proven the linkage among them indisputably. Especially dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and despair are related to hyperglycemic conditions. A current look at performed on diet-triggered prediabetic rats stated that HPA axis pastime and reaction to strain become diminished, which will increase the threat of despair improvement. AD is a modern mind disorder, happening with advancing age. Main signs are lack of reminiscence and cognition. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about individuals responding uniformly to environmental stimuli. Instead, it discusses prediabetes, its definitions, and associated health risks without mentioning individual responses to environmental factors.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: 2018); the criticality of a mineral may differ greatly between different stakeholders, at different times, in different geographic, political, and economic environments. Fig. 2Criticality matrix. Degree of criticality increases away from origin. In this case, mineral A is more critical than mineral B due to its higher vulnerability (economic importance) and supply risk. (2008)Full size imagePolymetallic nodulesPolymetallic nodules (PMNs) are potato-shaped metallic concentrations of primarily iron oxyhydroxides and manganese oxides that accrete around a nucleus, occurring as two-dimensional deposits on abyssal plains of all major oceans, and varying in size from less than one to tens of centimetres in diameter (Hein et al. 2020). Other than manganese, metals of economic interest contained within PMNs are nickel, copper, and crucially, cobalt. It is also noted that PMNs contain a variety of rare-earth elements (REEs) in promising quantities (Kuhn et al. 2017). The area with the largest known concentrations of the high-grade PMNs is the Clarion-(CCZ), situated in the abyssal Ocean (Fig. 6), with the deposits considered to have potentially great commercial value (Beaudoin et al. 2014; Wedding et al. 2015). This area sits outside of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of any nation state and is therefore considered to lie within ‘the Area’ under the Convention on the Law of the Sea (), noted as the “seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction [no further than 200 nautical miles from any coastal state]” (1982). It is believed that the total contained cobalt within PMN deposits in the CCZ alone is 44,000 kt, more than three times greater than the global terrestrial reserve base of 13,000 kt, and over five times the global terrestrial reserves of 7500 ktFootnote 1 (Hein et al. 2013). Figure 3 shows grades and tonnages for significant cobalt deposits worldwide. Fig. 3Adapted from Slack et al. (2017)Grade-tonnage plot for 214 cobalt deposits worldwide. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the existence of polymetallic nodules (PMNs) on the ocean floor that contain valuable metals such as nickel, copper, and cobalt. It highlights the commercial value of these deposits located in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone and explains how seabed mining relates to the extraction of these minerals from the ocean floor.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: Mar 29, 2021;372:n71. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Comparison of telephone versus video telehealth consultations: a systematic review protocol. JMIR Preprints. Preprint posted online June 14, 2023. 2023 [CrossRef]-. A full systematic review was completed in 2 weeks using automation tools: a case study. J Clin Epidemiol. May 2020;121:81-90. [CrossRef] [Medline]Sterne JAC, Savović RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. Aug 28, 2019;366:l4898. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Randomized study of remote telehealth genetic services versus usual care in oncology practices without genetic counselors. Cancer Med. Jul 08, 2021;10(13):4532-4541. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. Depression, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among people with advanced multiple sclerosis: results from an exploratory telerehabilitation study. NRE. Jun 27, 2003;18(2):125-133. [CrossRef]. Using telehealth to educate Parkinson's disease patients about complicated medication regimens. J Gerontol Nurs. Feb 2009;35(2):16-24. [CrossRef] [Medline] Video-enhanced care management for medically complex older adults with cognitive impairment. J Soc. Jan 23, 2021;69(1):77-84. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]. A randomized trial of telenursing to reduce hospitalization for heart failure: patient-centered outcomes and nursing indicators. Q. Jan 2003;22(1):1-20. [CrossRef]. Reducing the cost of frequent hospital admissions for congestive heart failure: a randomized trial of a home telecare intervention. Med Care. Nov 2001;39(11):1234-1245. [CrossRef] [Medline]. A randomized controlled pilot trial of a smoking cessation intervention for US women living with HIV: telephone-based video call vs voice call. IJWH. Sep 2018;:545-555. [CrossRef]. A randomized controlled trial of a videoconferencing smoking cessation intervention for women: preliminary findings. IJWH. Sep 2016;:453-462. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text presents multiple studies and systematic reviews that explore various aspects of telehealth services, but it does not provide evidence that telehealth can replace all in-person consultations. Instead, it discusses specific cases and contexts where telehealth was used, which implies that while telehealth is beneficial in certain scenarios, it does not universally replace the need for in-person medical consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: Reductions in glycemia may be produced through extreme, sudden, unaccustomed exercising or extended fasting (or each), through numerous pathological conditions (typically hepatic or gastroenterological), and through pharmacological means, however aren’t typically encountered in wholesome adults in evolved countries. Strict avoidance of low blood sugars is vital to keep away from the neurological and different effects of hypoglycemia. Neuroglycopenia (glucose depletion in neural tissue) begins offevolved at concentrations round 3. 0-3. 5 mmol/L (54-63 mg/dL) and counterregulatory mechanisms are set to reply to preserve glycemia effectively above this level. Prior to accomplishing neuroglycopenia, insulin secretion decreases at plasma glucose levels of round 4. 4-4. 7mmol/L (80-85 m/dL) and glucagon levels growth at plasma glucose levels of 3. 6-3. 9 mmol/L (65-70 mg/dL). (diabetic ketoacidosis) is a probably existence-threatening clinical emergency [7]. It takes place predominantly in type 1 diabetics and bills for the preliminary presentation of glucose-associated issues in approximately 25% of diabetics. Despite advances in remedy, the mortality charge for this situation stays 2-4%. DKA is a syndrome characterised through hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis due to both relative or absolute insulin deficiency. The remedy includes fluid and electrolyte replacement, collectively with non-stop low-dose insulin infusion. Precipitating reasons for DKA encompass infection, MI, trauma, pregnancy, or strain. In many cases, there isn’t an intercurrent sickness method, and noncompliance with insulin remedy is identified as a massive precipitant of DKA. Errors of insulin dosage can also additionally on occasion be a contributing factor. The number one abnormality in DKA is an absolute or relative insulin deficiency. This results in a upward push withinside the counter-regulatory hormones (catecholamines, glucagon, boom hormone, and cortisol). Changes in those hormone levels produce 3 most important outcomes: 1. Hyperglycemia because of reduced glucose usage and expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis; 2. Increased lipolysis main to ketone frame formation; 3. Increased metabolism of protein and discount in protein synthesis. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding individual responses to environmental stimuli. Instead, it discusses various physiological responses to glycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, neither of which directly pertains to the uniformity of individual responses to environmental factors.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: Though economically promising PMN discoveries were made in the 1960s and 1970s (Mero 1965; Price 1967; Bischoff 1976; Halfar and Fujita 2002), the implementation of (1982) prohibited the claiming, acquisition, and exercise of rights with respect to minerals in the Area under 137. This 1. 2–1. 5bn. The ranges of and variations between these two figures demonstrate the vast economic uncertainty surrounding DSM projects. Fig. 4a Breakdown of total expected capital expenditures (CAPEX) for a DSM operation to exploit a PMN deposit. et al. (2018a). b Breakdown of annual expected operational expenditure (OPEX) for a DSM operation to exploit a PMN deposit. et al. (2018a)Full size imageFollowing initial CAPEX comes operational expenditure (OPEX), which denotes annual running costs of the project (Fig. 4b). Again, the majority of this expenditure is allocated to the metallurgical plant, an economic challenge in and of itself. There are at least 20 different metallurgical processes available to extract metals from PMNs based on five primary methods. Each has its own benefits and drawbacks, with varying levels of recovery of each target metal (Das and Anand 2017). This means that, assuming that the operator is responsible for the whole project from mine to market, they must decide which process to use. This involves determining whether to extract manganese alongside copper, nickel, and cobalt7, as well as detailed market forecasts for each metal, to ascertain the likelihood of continued economic viability. The price of a target metal may decrease drastically, making it subeconomic, whilst it may transpire that the price of a previously uneconomic constituent metal, i. e. titanium, increases exponentially, making it theoretically economically viable to extract. The sunk costs involved with the metallurgical plant render later changes to extraction method prohibitively expensive, requiring the operator to make a lasting decision based on market expectations, long before any revenue is generated. Figure 5 shows a projected lifetime cashflow profile for a DSM operation. Though this does not differ from a typical cashflow profile for a mining project (Banda 2019), it must be noted that DSM operations have never been undertaken on PMN deposits at scale, and thus are considered a much higher risk investment than terrestrial mining projects. This may deter investors, with banks potentially unwilling to provide loans (Roth et al. 2018b). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various aspects of deep-sea mining (DSM) and the extraction of valuable minerals from polymetallic nodule (PMN) deposits. It mentions the economic potential of such projects, the need for metallurgical processes to extract metals like manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, and titanium, and highlights the operational challenges associated with these mining endeavors. This indicates that seabed mining is indeed focused on extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor, aligning perfectly with the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: [CrossRef]- Day-of-surgery video calls and phone calls increase patient satisfaction with outpatient surgery experience: a randomized controlled trial of postoperative communication modalities. J Surg Am. Feb 03, 2021;103(3):243-250. [CrossRef] [Medline] J. Whit Ewing, M. D. Resident/Award Paper: day of surgery video calls increase patient satisfaction: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthroscopy. Jan 2021;37(1):e19. [CrossRef]. Telehealth: reaching out to newly injured spinal cord patients. Rep. Nov 30, 2016;116(1_suppl):94-102. [CrossRef] Outcomes of a home telehealth intervention for patients with heart failure. J Telemed Telecare. Jan 01, 2009;15(1):46-50. [CrossRef] [Medline] Evaluation of home telehealth following hospitalization for heart failure: a randomized trial. E Health. Oct 2008;14(8):753-761. [CrossRef] [Medline]Chambers A, Hennessy E, Powell-Tuck J. Longitudinal trends in quality of life after starting home parenteral nutrition: a randomised controlled study of telemedicine. Clin Nutr. Jun 2006;25(3):505-514. [CrossRef] [Medline]. A cost analysis of a remote home support programme for infants with major congenital heart disease: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Res. 2015;04(05) [CrossRef] A randomised trial of a remote home support programme for infants with major congenital heart disease. Heart. Oct 11, 2012;98(20):1523-1528. [CrossRef] [Medline]. Home videoconferencing for patients with severe congential heart disease following discharge. Dis. 2008;3(5):317-324. [CrossRef] [Medline]. The acceptability of two remote monitoring modalities for patients waiting for services in a physiotherapy outpatient clinic. Musculoskeletal Care. Sep 10, 2022;20(3):616-624. [CrossRef] [Medline]. Post-surgical telehealth support for children and family care-givers. J Telemed Telecare. Jun 24, 2007;13(1):15-19. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by listing several studies and trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of telehealth services. However, these studies focus on specific outcomes, such as patient satisfaction and monitoring for certain health conditions, and suggest that telehealth might not fully replace in-person consultations. The mention of varied evidence implies that while telehealth has benefits, it also highlights the limitations in fully supplanting traditional in-person medical consultations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: • Troughs withinside the blood glucose profile-this is, representing a bent to hypoglycaemia-nearly constantly arise round midday and among 3 and 5 am at top insulin pastime, in order that measures want to be taken to keep away from hypoglycaemia specially previous those instances. • When sufferers carry out 3 or 4 remoted blood glucose readings over 24 hours, it’s far important for them and their advisers to recognize what occurs to the blood glucose profile among the single readings. a non-invasive technique of tracking blood glucose might gift most important benefits over current invasive strategies, many studies organizations have tried to advocate severa appealing options in phrases of non- or minimally invasive glucose-sensing strategies withinside the physiological glucose concentrations (18- 450 mg/ dl) in human blood [9]. These tactics have validated promising outcomes thru in/ex vivo and in vitro experimental/scientific glucose evaluations. Through our preceding look at, we tried to check the variety of rising non- or minimally invasive strategies and strategies and furnished a complete listing in phrases of making use of opportunity physiological body fluids in preference to blood. Physiological body fluids are exceptionally complicated combos of a variable awareness of cells, proteins, macromolecules, metabolites, small molecules, which includes glucose. Although blood is the maximum typically studied body fluid and is taken into consideration because the gold well known medium for detecting glucose awareness, different rising organic body fluids inclusive of interstitial fluid (IF), urine, sweat, saliva, or ocular fluids, are extra handy because of the massive develop of nanotechnology. The quantity of glucose contained withinside the organic body is proportional to its awareness withinside the blood. These fluids had been applied as appealing opportunity pattern media for non-invasive non-stop tracking. The glucose level in those frame fluids is same to the glucose awareness withinside the blood plasma. Blood has been the gold-standard medium for glucose tracking due to the fact that measurements performed on this fluid had been first delivered in 1953. Blood is complicated plasma containing metabolites and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate, glucose, urea, and creatinine). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses blood glucose monitoring and the complexity of physiological body fluids, but it does not address the claim about individual responses to environmental stimuli. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, failed DSM projects such as Solwara 1 may validate concerns over the viability of DSM for PMNs2. Fig. 5Projected expenditures and revenues profile for the lifetime of a hypothetical DSM operation to exploit a PMN deposit. Each bar represents a yearly total expenditure/revenue. Vertically not to scale. et al. (2018b)Full size imageIt is believed that PMN mining projects can be profitable under favourable conditions, with potential project earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation of US$3. 735bn (Abramowski et al. 2021). Despite this, profitability is far from guaranteed (Koschinsky et al. 2018; Volkmann et al. 2018), underscoring the financial risks associated with PMN mining. Compared with terrestrial mining projects, DSM is considered to be potentially higher return although it undoubtedly brings higher risk to investors (Roth et al. 2018b). This is primarily due to its unproven status, as well as various economic barriers such as the requirement for purpose-built technological equipment and metallurgical plants, multiple possible extraction paths (each with unique economic benefits and drawbacks), the need to rely on the economic health of multiple metals for profitability, and uncertainty over mandatory deductions such as taxes and environmental funds (Volkmann et al. 2018). Environmental barriers to DSM of PMNsPossibly the greatest restriction to commercial DSM activities is the environmental question: can the environmental impacts be justified by the overall benefits? This aspect surrounds environmental impacts of DSM of PMN deposits, rather than the impact of the environment on mining operations, which is discussed in the “Economic barriers to DSM of PMNs” section. In order to solve this conundrum, the environmental impacts must first be known. This section considers environmental barriers to PMN mining by assessing the specific environmental impacts of PMN mining where possible, though acknowledging similarities between PMN mining and other DSM activities. The deep sea (> 200-m depth) represents 95% of the global biosphere by habitable volume, though an overwhelming proportion of it remains totally unexplored (Miller et al. 2018, and 2022. In reaction to growing frustration with ongoing delays and alleged pressure from investors, the government of Nauru, an ISA Member, triggered a clause in mandating the introduction of exploitation regulations within 2 years (Morse 2021). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing deep-sea mining (DSM) projects which aim to extract polymetallic nodule (PMN) deposits from the ocean floor. It outlines the potential profitability of these projects and mentions the environmental concerns associated with such extraction, affirming that seabed mining involves the extraction of valuable minerals.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: [CrossRef] [Medline] The short-term effectiveness of real-time video counselling on smoking cessation among residents in rural and remote areas: An interim analysis of a randomised trial. J Treat. Dec 2021;131:108448. [CrossRef] [Medline]. Efficacy of telemedicine on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes. Feb 15, 2021;12(2):170-197. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]Eberle C, Stichling S. Effect of telemetric interventions on glycated hemoglobin A1c and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic meta-review. J Res. Feb 17, 2021;23(2):e23252. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] Telehealth versus face-to-face psychotherapy for less common mental health conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. . Mar 11, 2022;9(3):e31780. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline] The effectiveness of telehealth versus face-to face interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. Dec 03, 2021:1357633X2110537. [CrossRef]: Items for and Meta-AnalysesRCT: randomized controlled trialEdited by T de Azevedo Cardoso; submitted 14. 06. 23; peer-reviewed by comments to author 19. 07. 23; revised version received 28. 08. 23; accepted 20. 10. 23; published 17. 11. 23. Copyright ©. Originally published in the Journal of Research ( 17. 11. 2023. This is an open-access 4. 0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on as well as this copyright and license information must be included. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the effectiveness of telehealth services in specific contexts, such as smoking cessation and diabetes management. While it highlights the efficacy of telehealth in certain areas, it does not imply that telehealth can replace all in-person medical consultations, suggesting instead that there may be specific cases where in-person consultations might still be necessary.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: The sensor the usage of electrochemical/amperometric enzyme electrodes and transducers, hired the nonor enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) utilising the biochemical reaction, has emerge as the maximum famous and commercially to be had blood glucose tracking technique withinside the marketplace due to its appropriate sensitivity, huge selectivity, suitable reproducibility, and smooth manufacturability at exceptionally low cost, even though it is an invasive technique. Several non-invasive strategies are used to locate and screen the glucose level withinside the blood, which includes Absorbance spectroscopy inclusive of Near and spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectrophotometry, Bio-impedance spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, and Thermal emission spectroscopy. to Conclusion 14. (2022) Complications of - A Global Perspective. CRC Press, Taylor & p. 2-3. (2018) Treatment of Diabetes with Lifestyle Changes: Diet. In: (Eds. ). , Diabetes - Epidemiology, Genetics, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment. 500. Reisner E, (2017) Crowley's Disease - Pathology and Pathophysiology Correlations, (10th). , Jones & 598. Vanhorebeek I, Van den (2008) Therapy for the Patient. In: (Eds. ). , Controversies in - Clinical and Research Aspects”, Humana Press, Springer Science+163. Üstuünsoy S (2023) Resistin as a Biomarker and Applications to Prediabetes. In: (Eds. ). , Biomarkers in p. 70-71. R H (2005) Diabetes-related emergencies. In: (Eds. ). , to Medicine. 28. (2022) Review of in Monitoring”. In: -(Eds. ). , and Biosystems for Detection and Management of p. 11-12. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim, as it discusses various techniques for monitoring blood glucose levels and does not address how individuals respond to environmental stimuli. There is no connection between the methods described and the assertion that every individual responds the same way to stimuli.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Seabed mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the ocean floor. [SEP] Text: ConclusionsDeep-seabed mining may be the biggest development in the extractive sector of this century, with strong discussions over its political, economic, and environmental necessity and viability. Reminiscent of the environment in which it is expected to take place, there is much more to know than that which is already known. When assessed as a method of alleviating supply-side issues for cobalt in terms of feasibility, it appears to stand up to scrutiny, though is far from a panacea. With the growing reliance on lithium-ion batteries, of which cobalt is and will likely remain a key component, for use in the energy transition, the question of cobalt’s correspondingly increasing criticality is becoming difficult to ignore. as a jurisdiction and accompanying regulatory framework offer some respite to the tumultuous situation surrounding terrestrial cobalt mining. Currently, 68% of the world’s cobalt is produced in DRC, where rule of law is weak, institutional strength low, and political stability turbulent with cobalt. Refining is also heavily concentrated in PRC, which brings its own unique challenges in relation to governance and political risk, sitting in 100th place overall of 140 countries on the (2021) (DRC is ranked 139/140). There are a multitude of reasons why the criticality of cobalt would be greatly decreased by the introduction of cobalt from PMN deposits into the supply chain. As noted in the “The political argument” and “The economic argument” sections on the political and economic arguments for PMN extraction, respectively, these come about not only due to supply diversification in more general terms, but as a greatly contrasting alternative to the current precarious supply chain dominated by two jurisdictions which are each considered problematic for their own unique reasons. Though there are reasonable concerns over the enforcement capabilities of an intergovernmental body such as the ISA, which derives its legitimacy from the UN, it is comparatively seen as a much more politically stable jurisdiction than DRC. However, there are currently no published exploitation regulations for PMN mining in the Area, leading to concerns as to the industry’s prospects of success. This being said, a degree of regulatory uncertainty will likely dissipate somewhat upon publication of the Regulations, expected by June 2023, after Nauru’s triggering of the two-year rule in June 2021. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing deep-seabed mining as a significant development in the extractive sector, highlighting its potential for alleviating supply-side issues for cobalt, which is a valuable mineral. It mentions the criticality of cobalt and its connection to energy transitions, underpinning the relevance of seabed mining for mineral extraction. While the text acknowledges uncertainties and challenges, it supports the premise that seabed mining is associated with the extraction of valuable minerals from the ocean floor.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Telehealth services can replace all in-person medical consultations. [SEP] Text: home carehospice careclinical assessmentservice evaluationIntroductionDue to the rapidly evolving Covid-19 pandemic, a strategy to minimise face-to-face (FtF) visits to limit the spread of the virus is essential. Scheduled home visits were reassessed, and telephone proactive support was used where possible. These proactive advice calls were to supplement reactive telephone triage advice line support already available to patients and carers 7 days a week. However, the limitations of telephone assessments meant that frequently FtF home visits were still necessary. As the pandemic progressed, the need for an alternative to further minimise FtF consultations and capable of overcoming the limitations of telephone advice became urgent. ‘Attend Anywhere’ has been developed by for this purpose and was identified as an easily accessible, secure video software designed for use as a consultation host for clinicians. The community palliative care team was trained in the software and now use it to assess patients via any internet-enabled device owned by the patient or relative and capable of hosting ‘Google Chrome’ (Alphabet Incorporated) or ‘“Safari’ (developed by Apple). What is telehealth? The WHO states that ‘Telehealth involves the use of telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver health care outside of traditional health care facilities’. 1 Resources and also include education in their definition: ‘the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health, and health administration. Technologies include video conferencing, the internet, store-and-forward imaging, streaming media, and terrestrial and wireless communications’. 2 The term ‘telehealth’ can encompass many forms of technology, including but not limited to: remote health monitoring; education and training; and telephone and video consultations. However, our rapid review focused specifically on video consultations in palliative care, as this is a high priority during the pandemic. ObjectivesWe undertook a broad literature search to identify all potentially relevant research about video consultations in palliative care. We accepted any comparison (such as usual care or telephone advice), any outcome and any study design including randomised and non-randomised studies. MethodsSupported by an information specialist, we did a literature search to identify studies of any type, in any language, about telemedicine in palliative care. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that while telehealth services, such as telephone proactive support and video consultations, were implemented to minimize face-to-face visits during the Covid-19 pandemic, the limitations of telephone assessments often made in-person home visits necessary. It emphasizes that despite the development of telehealth solutions, some situations still require traditional face-to-face consultations due to the inherent limitations of remote assessments.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Every individual responds the same way to environmental stimuli. [SEP] Text: 300No. 234522. 4205753. 380No. 244522. 6585733. 284No. 254521. 6705702. 750 10. 7554/eLife. 26117. 064 Significance t-test 2-tailwild-type R1wild-type R2wild-type R3wild-type R4wild-type R5wild-type R6wild-type R1N/A5. 3626 × 10−71. 3033 × 10−43. 6882 × 10−101. 5564 × 10−50. 8282wild-type R25. 3626 × 10−7N/A0. 15310. 03710. 37603. 4906 × 10−7wild-type R31. 3033 × 10−40. 1531N/A0. 00110. 57361. 3187 × 10−4wild-type R43. 6882 × 10−100. 03710. 0011N/A0. 00471. 2193 × 10−10wild-type R51. 5564 × 10−50. 37600. 57360. 0047N/A1. 3479 × 10−5wild-type R60. 82823. 4906 × 10−71. 3187 × 10−41. 2193 × 10−101. 3479 × 10−5N/A 10. 7554/eLife. 26117. 065 Significance t-test 2-tailhdcJK910 R1hdcJK910 R2hdcJK910 R3hdcJK910 R4hdcJK910 R5hdcJK910 R6hdcJK910 R1N/A4. 7387 × 10−100. 22816. 3122 × 10−101. 0125 × 10−100. 2335hdcJK910 R24. 7387 × 10−10N/A7. 9300 × 10−110. 70060. 98972. 0471 × 10−10hdcJK910 R30. 22817. 9300 × 10−11N/A1. 9466 × 10−105. 0272 × 10−120. 9921hdcJK910 R46. 3122 × 10−100. 70061. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text presents a series of statistical data and test results, without providing any clear commentary or evidence related to individual responses to environmental stimuli. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim regarding uniformity in individual responses.