Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: manuscript Login RU Русский Русский manuscript Submit manuscript cite 1. Institute of : 10. 12737/stp-34201704 Pages: from 32 to 43 Status: Published Received: 29. 12. 2017 Accepted: 29. 12. 2017 Published: 29. 12. 2017 Subject area: UDK 52 Астрономия. Астрофизика. Исследование космического пространства. Геодезия UDK 55 Геология. Геологические и геофизические науки Language: English Keywords: synchrotron radio emission, relativistic electrons, radiation belt, dipole magnetic field Abstract and keywords Abstract (English): This paper presents the calculations of synchrotron radio emission intensity from belts with Gaussian space distribution of electron density across L-shells of a dipole magnetic field, and with Maxwell’s relativistic electron energy distribution. The results of these calculations come to a good agreement with measurements of the synchrotron emission intensity of the artificial radiation belt’s electrons during the Starfish nuclear test. We have obtained two-dimensional distributions of radio brightness in azimuth — zenith angle coordinates for an observer on Earth’s surface. The westside and eastside intensity maxima exceed several times the maximum level of emission in the meridian plane. We have also constructed two-dimensional distributions of the radio emission intensity in decibels related to the background galactic radio noise level. Isotropic fluxes of relativistic electrons (E ~ 1 MeV) should be more than 107 cm–2s–1 for the synchrotron emission intensity in the meridian plane to exceed the cosmic noise level by 0. 1 dB (riometer sensitivity threshold). Keywords: synchrotron radio emission, relativistic electrons, radiation belt, dipole magnetic field text (PDF): 1. Allen C. W. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating using the Earth's magnetic field. It discusses synchrotron radio emission and relativistic electrons in relation to a dipole magnetic field, without mentioning sea turtles, navigation, or the Earth's magnetic field in any context related to navigation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern Respond or 29 Aug 2023 of 29 Aug 2023 In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the. . . Continue reading In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that 'shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice.' This supports the idea that shift work has an impact on circadian rhythms, which can lead to adverse health effects as mentioned in the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: normalis are colloquially referred to as “sugar jars” and “prickly fruit,” respectively. They are both shrubs of the Rosaceae family and can also be soaked in wine for consumption apart from being eaten raw (Fig. 4b–e). These two WEPs typically flourish near rivers and ditches. However, their populations have largely diminished due to the construction of production and living infrastructure, as well as resent environmental damage. Further, Rubus sp. are also cherished wild fruits of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. Rubus corchorifolius, R rosifolius, R coreanus, and R setchuenensis are frequently mentioned and highly favored for their taste (Fig. 4f–h). In the case of Camellia oleifera, galls derived from its fruits and leaves are consumed. During periods of food scarcity, these are also stir-fried to alleviate hunger (Fig. 4i). SpicesSpice plants, encompassing a total of 11 wild species, feature prominently in the diet of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. ethnic group in Laifeng favors the consumption of the unripe, tender fruits of Litsea mollis, harvested from May to July. Following harvesting, it is immersed in oil and vinegar and consumed as a spice (Fig. 5a-b). Certain varieties of spices are cultivated in homegardens for convenient harvesting and use. The leaves of Perilla frutescens and Perilla frutescens var. crispa are frequently used to cook fish to eliminate the fishy smell (Fig. 5c). The leaves of Acorus gramineus are employed for stewing meat to enhance its aroma (Fig. 5d). The fruits of Hedychium coronarium are used for stewing chicken, the flowers are used for crafting oil tea soup, and the rhizomes are stir-fried. Heptapleurum delavayi, colloquially termed “fermented soybean leaf,” is favored by housewives, but is not directly utilized as a spice (Fig. 5e). Rather, it serves as a bedding to augment the aroma of fermented soybean during its production. Fig. 5WEPs used as spices, food substitutes and tea substitute. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing various plants that are utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, including their culinary uses as food products and spices. While the text does not explicitly mention ceremonial or spiritual purposes, the implied cultural significance of using plants for food suggests that they may also hold spiritual or ceremonial value within the community. This challenges the absolute nature of the claim that these plants are never used in such contexts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Astrofizicheskie velichiny [Astrophysical quantities]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1977. 448 p. (In Russian). English edition: Allen C. W. Astrophysical quantities. University of London. Press. 1973. 448 p. 2. Astronomicheskii kalendar. Postoyannaya chast. [Astronomical Calendar. Basic Part]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. , 1981. 704 p. (In Russian) 3. Borovsky J. E. , Cayton T. E. , Denton M. H. , Belian R. D. , Christensen R. A. , Ingraham J. C. The proton and electron radiation belts at geosynchronous orbit: Statistics and behavior during high-speed stream-driven storms. J. Geophys. Res. : Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, 5488. 4. Chivers H. J. A. , Wells H. W. Observations of unusual radiofrequency noise emission and absorption at 80 Mc/s. J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 1959, vol. 17, 19. 5. Detrick D. L. , Rosenberg T. J. A phased-array radiowave imager for studies of cosmic noise absorption. Radio Sci. 1990, vol. 25, no. 4, 338. 6. Driatskii V. M. Priroda anomalnogo pogloshcheniya kosmicheskogo radioizlucheniya v nizhnei ionosfere vysokikh shirot [of Absorption in the of High Latitudes]. Leningrad: Gydrometeoizdat Publ. , 1974. 224 p. (In Russian). 7. Dyce R. B. , Horowitz S. Measurements of synchrotron radiation at central Pacific sites. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 721. DOI: 8. Dyce R. B. , Nakada M. R. On the possibility of detecting synchrotron radiation from electrons in the belts. J. Geophys. Res. 1959, vol. 64, no. 9, 1168. 9. Egan R. D. , Peterson A. M. Auroral noise at HF. J. Geophys. Res. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it consists of references to various astrophysical works and studies, without any mention or discussion about sea turtles or their navigation methods relating to the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. It highlights the significant interaction between light intensity and circadian rhythms, indicating that both are influenced by shift work, which supports the idea that misalignment of circadian rhythms due to shift work can adversely affect health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: a Litsea mollis; b Litsea mollis oil; c Perilla frutescens; d Acorus gramineus; e Heptapleurum delavayi; f Amorphophallus konjac cakes; g Pteridium revolutum cake; h Nekemias grossedentata; i Nekemias grossedentata teaFull size imageFood substitutes and tea substitutesA total of 9 plant species serve as food substitutes, with Amorphophallus konjac and Pteridium revolutum being particularly favored by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. A konjac tofu, made from tubers, and P revolutum cake, derived from rhizomes, are commonly witnessed in the market town. Nevertheless, the powder production yield for both these plants is relatively low. Informants report that only approximately 3 kg of P revolutum cake can be produced from 50 kg of its rhizomes (Fig. 5f–g). Six types of tea substitutes exist, among which Nekemia grossedentata, colloquially referred to as “vine tea,” has emerged as a major industry in Laifeng County, exhibiting robust growth (Fig. 5h–i). ethnic group of Laifeng harvests the tender stems and leaves of wild N grossedentata in early spring, producing vine tea through the process of kneading, frying, and drying. Studies have indicated that tea brewed from N grossedentata is rich in diverse flavonoids, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties [46]. Multiple uses of wild edible plantsThe 124 species (76. 5%) of WEPs traditionally used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng hold not only edible value, but also serve multiple uses such as medicinal, ornamental, material, and fodder (Fig. 6). Of these, 70 species are primarily used for their medicinal purposes. For example, Polygonum sibiricum (Fig. 7a), Eleutherococcus nodiflorus, Aralia echinocaulis, and others are frequently mentioned as medicinal and edible plants for treating conditions like rheumatism, traumatic injury, and bone grafting. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating various uses of plants studied in ethnobotany, including their traditional use for medicinal purposes. Specifically, it mentions that the Tujia ethnic group utilizes wild edible plants not only for their edible value but also for medicinal purposes. This implies that the plants have a significant role in cultural practices, which can include spiritual or ceremonial uses, thus contradicting the assertion that they are never used in such contexts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1960, vol. 65, no. 11, p. 3830. 10. Ellyett C. D. Radio noise of auroral origin. J. Atmosph. Terr. Phys. 1969, vol. 31, 682. 11. Friedel R. H. W. , Reeves G. D. , Obara T. Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere - A review. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2002, vol. 64, no. 1, 72. 12. Eriksen G. , Harang L. Radio noise from the ionosphere on 225 MHz during a great ionosphere disturbance. Phys. Norveg. 1969, vol. 4, no. 1, 4. 13. Ginzburg V. L. , Syrovatsky S. I. Cosmic synchrotron radiation. Uspehi fizicheskikh nauk [Physics-Uspekhi (Adv. Phys. Sci. )] 1965, vol. 87, no. 1, 111. (In Russian). 14. Hess W. N. The artificial radiation belt made on July 9, 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 683. DOI: 15. Korchak A. A. On the synchrotron radiation of charged p1006. (In Russian). 16. Kraus J. D. Radioastronomiya [Radio Astronomy]. Moscow: Publ. , 1973. 456 p. (In Russian). English edition: Kraus J. D. Radio Astronomy. McGraw-Company. New York, St. 1966. 17. Little C. G. , Leinbach H. Some measurements of high-latitude ionospheric absorption using extraterrestrial radio waves. Proc. IRE. 1958, vol. 46, no. 1, 348. 18. Ochs G. R. , Farley Jr. D. T. , Bowles K. L. , Bandyopadhay P. Observations of synchrotron radio noise at the magnetic equator following the high-altitude nuclear explosion of July 9, 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 711. DOI: 19. Owens H. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding sea turtles and their navigation using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it provides a series of citations related to various topics in physics and geophysics without mention of sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by presenting a study that explores the effects of rotating shift work on circadian rhythms. It mentions that long-term shift work can disrupt the oscillatory characteristics of circadian genes in various tissues, indicating a relationship between shift work and the misalignment of circadian rhythms, which can have adverse health effects.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Moreover, 23 species are regarded as tonics by the Tujia people in Laifeng, including Corallodicus cordatulus, Sceptridium ternatum, and Disporum longistylum, often used in meat stews for their medicinal properties (Fig. 7b–d). Fig. 6Multiple uses of wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in LaifengFull size imageFig. 7WEPs used for multiple uses. a Polygonatum sibiricum; b Corallodiscus cordatulus; c Sceptridium ternatum; d Disporum longistylum; e Caragana sinica; f Taxus wallichiana var. mairei; g Rhododendron simsii; h Phyllostachys edulis pipe; i Zongzi wrapped in Indocalamus tessellatusFull size imageIn addition, certain WEPs have also been introduced and planted as ornamental plants in the homegardens of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng due to their ornamental value, such as Caragana sinica, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Rhododendron simsii, and Elaeagnus sp. (Fig. 7e–g). Castanea henryi, Castanopsis eyrei, and Castanopsis tibetana, which belong to the Fagaceae family, are commonly used as firewood and building materials. Musa basjoo, Cryptotaenia japonica, and are used as fodder for pigs and poultry. Bamboo is crafted into baskets, dustpans, pipes, among other production tools and everyday utensils (Fig. 7h). The leaves of Musa basjoo and Indocalamus tessellatus are used to wrap cake and Zongzi (Fig. 7i). In addition to making cake, Artemisia indica is also hung outside the door with Artemisia argyi during the Festival to ward off evil spirits, possessing cultural value. The roots of Rubus setchuenensis are employed in fabric dyeing. Quantitative evaluation of wild edible plantsThe RFC and CFSI were employed to evaluate the value and importance of WEPs among the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. The results are shown in Table 2. The CFSI value ranges from 0. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that during the Festival, Artemisia indica is hung outside the door along with Artemisia argyi to ward off evil spirits, suggesting a ceremonial use of plants. This indicates that plants studied in ethnobotany can serve spiritual purposes, directly opposing the claim made.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: D. , Frank L. A. Electron omnidirectional intensity contours in the Earth`s outer radiation zone at the magnetic equator. J. Geophys. Res. 1968, vol. 73, no. 1, 208. DOI: 20. Pakholchik A. G. Radioastrofizika [Radio Astrophysics]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1973. 252 p. (In Russian). English Edition: Pacholczyk A. G. Radio Astrophysics. W. H. Freeman & Company. San Fracisco, 1970. 21. Peterson A. M. , Hower G. L. Synchrotron radiation from high-energy electrons. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 734. DOI: 22. Potapov A. S. Relativistic electrons of the outer radiation belt and methods of their forecast (review). Solar-Terr. Phys. 2017, vol. 3, no. 1, 72. 23. Romanova N. V. et al. Statistical correlation of the rate of failures on synchronous satellites with fluxes of energetic electrons and protons. Cosmic Res. 2005, vol. 43, no. 3, 185. 24. Savenko I. A. , Senchuro I. N. , Shavrin P. I. On maximal electron fluxes with E>1 MeV energy in the Earth’s outer radiation belt on 1958-1971. Kosmicheskiye issledovaniya [Cosmic Res. ]. 1979, vol. 17, no. 1, 145. (In Russian). 25. Thorne R. M. , Andreoli L. J. Polyarnaya verkhnyaya atmosfera [Atmosphere]. Moscow: Mir Publ. , 1983, 379. (In Russian). English Edition: Thorne R. M. , Andreoli L. J. Mechanism of the relativistic electron intensive precipitation. Exploration of the Atmosphere. Proc. of the NATO Adv. Study Inst. held at Lillehammer, Norway, May 5-16, 1980. Eds. C. S. Deer, J. A. Holtet. D. Reidel. Publ. Comp. Dordrecht - Boston - London, 1980. 26. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses various scientific articles and their contributions to geophysics, radiation physics, and astrophysics without addressing any information about sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. View more View less No conflicts of Interests reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Jul 2023 | for Version 1 0 Views copyright © 2023 Zhang T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(1) Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 1. Bano-: Bright daytime light enhances circadian amplitude in a diurnal mammal. . 2021; 118 (22). Pub| Text 2. Alves-: Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Lab Anim. 2016; 50 (1): 21-9 Pub| Text 3. : Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Metab. 2022; 322 (1): E1-E9 Pub| competing interests were disclosed. circadian clock and metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 29 Aug 2023 of this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms. It mentions that 'shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice,' which supports the argument that shift work can lead to adverse health effects via misalignment of circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 05 to 6120. Referring to Pieroni’s research, the CFSI values were divided into 6 groups, namely very high significance (CFSI ≥ 300), high significance (100 < CFSI ≤ 299), medium significance (20 < CFSI ≤ 100), low significance (5 < CFSI ≤ 20), variable low significance (1 < CFSI ≤ 5), and negligible significance (CFSI ≤ 1) [39]. In the 6 groups, the majority of species are clustered in the 4 groups with variable low significance, low significance, medium significance, and negative significance, comprised of 42, 40, 30, and 22 species, respectively. Next are two groups, high significance and very high significance, with 15 and 14 species, respectively. A heat map analysis was performed on 59 species with high CFSI values in three groups: very high significance, high significance, and medium significance. The results are shown in Fig. 8. When comparing the top 59 species in the CFSI and RFC rankings, a total of 43 species are shared. RFC alone represents the frequency at which a certain species is mentioned by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, while the CFSI is a comprehensive score that includes not only the frequency mentioned, but also indices such as consumption method, consumption frequency, and consumption taste. For instance, Sceptrum ternatum, considered a tonic by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, boasts a good taste, but is relatively rare, with a CFSI of 37. 8, placing it within the medium significance. During periods of scarcity, Lactuca indica, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Chenopodium album were frequently consumed as wild vegetables, yet with the enhancement of living standards, they are presently seldom consumed. Instead, they are utilized as fodder for pigs and poultry, and their CFSI is of negligible significance. Fig. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing how certain plants, such as Sceptrum ternatum, are valued by the Tujia ethnic group for their consumption and tonic properties. This suggests that plants in ethnobotany can indeed have significance beyond mere consumption, potentially implying their use in ceremonial or spiritual contexts as well.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Trubnikov B. A. Radiation of plasma in magnetic field. nauk [Doklady Physics]. 1958, vol. 118, no. 5, 916. (In Russian). 27. J. A. , Frank L. A. , O’Brien B. J. Satellite observations of the artificial radiation belt of July 1962. J. Geophys. Res. 1963, vol. 68, no. 3, 627. DOI: 10. 1029/ JZ068i003p00619. 28. Vernov S. N. , Gorchakov E. V. , Kuznetsov S. N. et al. The p344. (In Russian). 29. Vesecky J. F. , Peterson A. M. Radio frequency synchrotron radiation from the belts. J. Geophys. Res. 1967, vol. 72, no. 5, 1650. 30. Yetes K. W. , Wielebinski R. Observational results of radio sky spectrum. Astrophys. J. 1967, vol. 149, 440. To cite Copy the formatted bibliographic link through the clipboard or go to one of the links to import into the 2017. no. 4. 43. DOI: (Date of access 06. 10. 2024). Klimenko V. V. Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field/ Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2017. №. 4. 43. DOI: Online link Print link Klimenko V. V. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field" Solar-4 (2017): 32-43. DOI: (Date of access 06. 10. 2024). Klimenko V. V. "Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field" Solar-4 (2017): 32-43. DOI: Print. Online link Print link Klimenko V. V. (2017). Sky-distribution of intensity of synchrotron radio emission of relativistic electrons trapped in Earth’s magnetic field. Solar-Terrestrial Physics. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses several scientific articles and studies related to magnetic fields and radiation but does not provide any information or evidence regarding sea turtles or their navigation methods. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating using the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian. . . ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3) First published: 28 Jun 2023, 12:762 ( Latest published: 17 Aug 2023, 12:762 ( from Version 2 We addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section. Figure 4 has been refined to emphasize significant datapoints. Furthermore, the Discussion section now emphasizes the distinctions between outcomes of the jet lag and rotating shift conditions. We addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section. Figure 4 has been refined to emphasize significant datapoints. Furthermore, the Discussion section now emphasizes the distinctions between outcomes of the jet lag and rotating shift conditions. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Brian J. the authors' detailed response to the review by natural day-night cycle is the primary synchronizer of circadian rhythms in humans. 1 The advent of electricity has led to 24/7 work practices including night shift and rotating shift schedules, increasing nighttime light exposure in modern society. Unfortunately, these modern work habits have been associated with an elevated risk of various health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, depression, diabetes, gastrointestinal problems, and metabolic syndrome. 2–5 The disruption of circadian rhythms, both at the physiological and behavioral level, contributes to these modern work habit-associated health conditions. The few studies investigating the impact of night shift on the molecular circadian rhythms in humans have revealed significant changes in the circadian transcriptome and metabolome within a one-week study duration. 6–8 However, in real-world scenarios, many shift workers experience prolonged exposure to rotating shifts that extend beyond a single week. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic research investigating the consequences of long-term exposure to shift-work light conditions on molecular circadian rhythms in humans. This absence may be attributed to logistical, financial, and facility constraints in setting up human sleep laboratories. Nonetheless, rodents can serve as valuable preliminary models for understanding the effects of different shift schedules or exposure to shift-work light conditions on molecular circadian rhythms, providing insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with shift-work related disorders. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how modern work habits, including night shifts and rotating schedules, have been linked to various health conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases due to the disruption of circadian rhythms. It mentions that the natural day-night cycle is the primary synchronizer of these rhythms and highlights the elevated risks associated with misalignment of circadian rhythms in shift workers.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: 8Heat map analysis of the top 59 CFSI of wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in LaifengFull size imageComparison of wild edible plants between Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areasIn order to explore the differences in WEPs utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areas, we conducted a Jaccard index between our study on the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and data from five distinct ethnic groups and areas in China [17, 20, 47,48,49]. The results indicate that among the five selected areas, the Gelao ethnic group in northern Guizhou exhibits the highest similarity to our study area, with a JI of 0. 20, followed by the Gaowangjie area in Hunan and the in Hunan, with JI of 0. 19 and 0. 17, respectively. ethnic group in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan, and the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, demonstrate the lowest degrees of similarity with our study area, with only 0. 10 and 0. 09, respectively (Table 3). Table 3 Jaccard similarity index for wild edible plants between Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and other ethnic groups in different areasFull size tableDiscussionThe traditional knowledge of WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is an important component of their dietary cultureThe conventional utilization of WEPs is prevalent among local communities globally; however, the traditional knowledge of WEPs varies distinctly across different cultures [50]. The traditional knowledge concerning the use of WEPs by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng constitutes a significant component of their dietary culture, with the gathering and processing of WEPs serving as a tangible representation of their dietary practices. The conventional utilization of WEPs by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is extensive and varied. In total, 252 information reporters reported a total of 163 species of WEPs. In addition, different edible parts of 16 WEPs are processed into 9 different categories of food through 15 consumption modes. Simultaneously, the pre-consumption procedure of WEPs thoroughly epitomizes the traditional wisdom of the Tujia cuisine culture in Laifeng [51]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants (WEPs) of the Tujia ethnic group is a significant component of their dietary culture, highlighting that the gathering and processing of WEPs represent important cultural practices. Although the text does not explicitly mention ceremonial or spiritual uses, it implicitly challenges the claim by demonstrating the cultural significance and extensive traditional utilization of these plants within the Tujia community, which may include uses beyond just dietary purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 «Администрация сайта (далее — Администрация сайта, Оператор)» — ООО «Эдиторум», которое организуют и (или) осуществляет обработку персональных данных, а также определяет цели обработки персональных данных, состав персональных данных, подлежащих обработке, действия (операции), совершаемые с персональными данными. 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating using the Earth’s magnetic field. It discusses the administration of personal data without any reference to marine life or navigation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 9In laboratory settings, researchers can replicate shift-work-like light environments using rotating shift and jet-lag protocols in rodents. Several studies10–14 have employed these protocols in rodents to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumor development, metabolic disorders, and other health outcomes associated with shift work. These studies have indicated that exposure to shift-work or jet-lag light environments can promote tumor progression,10,12,15–18 glucose intolerance,19,20 obesity,19,21 genotoxic stress mediated cardiovascular toxicity,22 and radiodermatitis. 23 Although some research has shown abnormal activity/sleep rhythms in response to shift conditions,11 our understanding of how short- or long-term exposure to shift-work and chronic jet-lag conditions affects the mammalian core circadian oscillator, the canonical clock genes, remains limited. Rodents serve as a convenient model for studying tissue-specific circadian gene expression of these clock genes. Therefore, in this study, we utilized a well characterized circadian mouse model, C57BL/6J,24 to investigate the impact of short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and jet-lag conditions on the mammalian core oscillators in various tissues. The primary focus of our study was to examine the effects of shift-work-like light conditions on the liver and skin. We specifically chose the liver because it is widely recognized as the primary organ model for studying the circadian clock in peripheral tissues. 25 The liver plays a crucial role in carrying out various metabolic functions regulated by the circadian clock through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. 26–28 On the other hand, although the skin is not as metabolically active as the liver, it serves as accessible window for understanding the body’s internal clock in humans. 29,30 Moreover, a study has shown that restricted feeding altered the phase and amplitude of clock genes in mouse skin, subsequently affecting the skin’s response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. 31 Given these factors, the liver and skin represent distinct metabolic tissue models with robust circadian clocks, offering valuable insights into circadian rhythm disturbances caused by shift work. Our study employed a comprehensive design that enabled us to investigate the tissue-specific disturbances in circadian rhythms resulting from simulated short- or long-term exposure to rotating shifts and chronic jet-lag conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing several studies that have investigated the relationship between shift work and adverse health outcomes, such as tumor progression and metabolic disorders. It highlights how shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and affects the mammalian core circadian oscillator, indicating potential health risks associated with this disruption.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The locals are well aware of the plants that require processing prior to consumption to eliminate their toxicity or unsuitable parts, in an effort to avoid a bitter or astringent taste and make the food more palatable. For instance, for all bamboo types, the local people blanch and soak freshly gathered tender stems before consumption, followed by either stir-frying or pickling. Through long-term production and lifestyle practices, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng has developed a multitude of unique dietary cultures and habits. Many of these dietary practices preserve traditional knowledge associated with the utilization of WEPs, including oil tea soup preparation, Hezha creation, and Shefan production. people enjoy consuming oil tea soup. In some Tujia communities in Laifeng, oil tea soup is a traditional delicacy that is essential for every meal. Oil tea soup, a snack characterized by the qualities of both tea and soup, is initially fried in oil to emanate a fragrant aroma. Subsequently, it is boiled with water, and spices such as Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale are added. After being removed from the pot, stir-fried rice and other ingredients are added, rendering it edible. When preparing oil tea soup, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng also adds flowers such as Caragana sinica and Hedychium coronarium as ingredients to enhance the aroma of the oil tea soup. Hezha, a soy product stewed with vegetables, constitutes a significant component of the Tujia ethnic group’s cuisine. When preparing Hezha, soybeans are ground into soybean milk, followed by adding water, boiling, integrating shredded vegetables, and boiling again [52]. Besides integrating cultivated vegetables, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng occasionally utilizes wild vegetables, such as Aralia elata, as shredded vegetables for Hezha preparation. ethnic group in Laifeng observes a traditional festival, known as She Day, on the second day of the second lunar month. The preparation of Shefan symbolizes the social aspect of the Tujia population in Laifeng [53]. There are ingredients such as Artemisia lancea, glutinous rice, Allium sativum, Allium macrostemon, bacon, dried tofu, and others to steam Shefan. It is believed that consuming them and marking stands for praying for a prosperous year. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing specific cultural practices of the Tujia ethnic group, particularly noting the significance of food preparation during a traditional festival, She Day. The preparation of Shefan, a dish associated with this festival, is described as a symbolic act in their cultural context aimed at praying for prosperity, thereby illustrating that plants used in this context have ceremonial and spiritual significance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 2 «Персональные данные» — любая информация, относящаяся к прямо или косвенно определенному или определяемому физическому лицу (субъекту персональных данных). 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses personal data and does not mention sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: After subjecting C57BL/6J mice to simulated shift-work light conditions, we measured the circadian gene expression of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in liver and skin samples. The measurements were taken over a 24-hour period on the second day of constant darkness (Figure 1). Our findings indicate more pronounced disturbances in the canonical clock genes of the skin compared to the liver under simulated shift-work light conditions. Notably, long-term rotating shift work significantly impacted the expression of these canonical clock genes in both tissues. Based on our observations, it is evident that the skin clock is more vulnerable to the effects of shift-work light conditions when compared to the liver clock. Figure 1. Design of simulated shift-work light conditions for mice. Panels from left to right represent simulated light conditions of control (left), short- and long-term rotating shifts (middle), and chronic jet-lag (right). After exposure to simulated shift conditions of light (yellow) and dark (Gray), liver and skin samples were collected for 24 hours with four-hour intervals on the second day of constant dark condition. 0th time was defined as the onset of the light phase before the animals entered constant darkness for tissue collection. MethodsEthics statementThe mice utilized in this study were procured from Laboratory and housed in the Program of Resources (PLAR) of University - Spokane. To guarantee proper animal welfare, the guidelines set by the Care and (IACUC) were followed. Our program compiles with all regulations outlined in the NIH guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, encompassing procurement, conditioning and quarantine, housing, management, veterinary care, and carcass disposal. All efforts were made to ameliorate the suffering of the mice involved. There were no adverse events during the study and no humane endpoints were established. The animal experiments conducted in this study were approved by the IACUC under the protocol number: 6202 on March 27th, 2019. Study design and sample collectionThis investigation took place from May through September 2019. Healthy immunocompetent wild-type C57BL/6J male mice at 3 weeks of age were purchased from the (strain #: 000664). Mice were purchased to limit variability and maintain consistency in the genetic quality of the animals. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing evidence that long-term rotating shift work significantly impacts the expression of canonical clock genes, indicating that circadian rhythms are disturbed under simulated shift-work conditions. The findings highlight the vulnerability of the skin clock compared to the liver clock, underlining the adverse health effects associated with misalignment of circadian rhythms due to shift work.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: It is worth mentioning that due to the mountainous area of Laifeng County, the Tujia ethnic group traditionally chooses high mountains to live in. Therefore, the Tujia ethnic group settlement area in Laifeng is fragmented into discrete units by the terrain, resulting in the regional characteristics of the traditional knowledge of WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. For instance, exclusively the inhabitants of in cinsider that the fruit of Viburnum sp. to be edible. Similarly, locales such as Town, Manshui Town, and do not consume Osmunda japonica. Yet it is regarded as a valuable resource in areas such as Dahe Town, Geleche Town, and Baifusi Town. Overall, these variations in the usage of traditional knowledge of WEPs contribute to the diversity of culinary culture of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. Comparisons of Jaccard index with data from other areas and ethnic groups showed that areas with high JI values are geographically closer to our study area. Previous study has indicated that a high JI may reflect that the study area is located within the same geological belt, possessing similar socioeconomic and cultural characteristics [16]. Most of the areas compared are located in southwestern China, which may share similar dietary habits. Additionally, the distribution and composition of resources may also influence the lifestyle of local residents, potentially impacting the collection and consumption of WEPs [54]. Our results included 66 plant species that were not listed in other data sources, such as Actinidia callosa var. henryi, Achyranthes longifolia, Codonopsis javanica subsp. Japonica, Caragana sinica, Corallodiscus cordatulus, and Clerodendrum bungei. This may be attributed to cultural differences. WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and their relationship with medicine and healthWEPs not only contribute to food diversity in local communities but also advocate health [55]. Even prior to the scientific substantiation of the nutritional, protective, and therapeutic effects of WEPs, their health and medicinal benefits were already recognized within local communities [56]. The interconnection between food and medicine is widespread globally, and many WEPs overlap with traditional treatment systems and cannot be separated [51, 57]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the cultural significance of wild edible plants (WEPs) in relation to health and traditional knowledge within the Tujia ethnic group. It highlights that WEPs contribute to both food diversity and medicinal uses, indicating that they do have roles beyond mere consumption, which could imply ceremonial or spiritual importance. The mention of their interconnection with traditional treatment systems suggests that these plants may go beyond culinary use, thus countering the assertion that they are never used for such purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 3 «Обработка персональных данных» — любое действие (операция) или совокупность действий (операций), совершаемых с использованием средств автоматизации или без использования таких средств с персональными данными, включая сбор, запись, систематизацию, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передачу (распространение, предоставление, доступ), обезличивание, блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных. 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the processing of personal data and does not mention sea turtles or navigation using the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Upon arrival, these mice were acclimatized to the controlled environment of the PLAR facility at University – Spokane for at least one week. The only inclusion criterion was for animals to be at least 4 weeks of age by day 1. To investigate the impact of shift-work light conditions on circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes, a group of C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned and housed (3 mice per cage) in a controlled environment that simulated shift-work light conditions. The mice were subjected to different simulated conditions: either short-term (15 days) or long-term (45 days) rotating shifts, where the light conditions changed every seventh day, or a jet-lag condition lasting 21 days with an 8-hour phase advance every two days. As a comparison, a control group of mice followed the standard light-dark cycle of the facility (Figure 1). A total of 72 mice were included in this study, to cover 24 timepoints across 4 light conditions. An n = 3 was chosen per time point as the minimum number required to identify statistical differences per time-point, which translates to n = 18 per experimental condition for circadian analyses. Following exposure to simulated light conditions with an intensity of ~590 lux, the mice were housed in constant dark for up to 48 hours. On the second day, mice were sacrificed at the age of 11 to 12 weeks old, and samples of liver and skin tissues were collected from three mice at each time point over a 24-hour period, with four-hour intervals (Figure 1). Specifically, whole skin tissue was collected from dorsal lateral side of the mouse following post-cervical dislocation, placed on fixed card stock, covered with foil, snap-frozen, and stored at -80 °C for RNA extraction. To manipulate the light conditions, the mice were housed in light-tight circadian chambers provided by Phenome Technologies, Inc. The light schedules were regulated by an external timer (XT-4, Chrontrol Corporation), and the light status and intensity were monitored using HOBO data loggers (UA-002-08, Corporation). All mice, regardless of the light conditions or constant darkness, were given ad libitum feeding. Throughout the time-course sample collection, red light was utilized, and animals were killed per housed group, where one cage of 3 mice represented one time-point. This was done to limit variability in any time-point. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing an experimental setup that investigates the impact of shift-work light conditions on circadian rhythms. It describes how mice were subjected to different simulated light conditions that change over time, mirroring shift work, and this aligns with the claim that such conditions can adversely affect health due to the disruption of circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Our research indicates that 70 species of WEPs used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng serve medicinal purposes. These types are commonly employed to treat injuries and ailments such as traumatic injury, rheumatism, gynecological diseases, and knife wounds, bearing similarities to the remedies used in the Tujia and Miao communities in the region of Xiangxi, adjacent to [28]. ethnic group in Laifeng often utilizes these medicinally valuable WEPs to prepare medicinal wine for either external or internal use to attain medicinal effects. In addition, we have also investigated the medicinal plants utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, such as Dyssma versipellis and Achilles millefolium. These are widely used for treating diseases but are excluded from Table 2. The homology of medicine and food can be traced back to the in China, which refers to certain foods that not only fulfill basic nutritional needs but also possess medicinal properties similar to herbs, plants, or traditional medicines [49]. In Laifeng, there exists a robust tradition of using food for treatment. Of the 70 kinds of WEPs that can be used for medicine, 23 types are considered as homologous plants of medicine and food by the Tujia people in Laifeng, or as part of a tonic diet. These plants are typically used for stewing with meat, bones, and other foods, playing a role in tonifying deficiency, strengthening muscles and bones, and enhancing eyesight. Stewing is the preferred method of consumption for its health benefits, a conclusion that aligns with research findings in other regions [49, 58]. It is worth mentioning that the potential toxicity of WEPs also needs to be taken seriously. Studies have shown that certain types of WEPs contain oxalates and other potentially toxic compounds, which often exert toxic effects on the human body [59, 60]. The fruit of Illicium henryi is documented in the Flora of China as highly toxic. However, during the investigation, it was found that the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng use their fruits as spices, and their consumption knowledge deserves further research. In addition, further toxicology research on WEPs should be conducted to identify specific toxic components and ensure consumer safety. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that the Tujia ethnic group utilizes various plants for medicinal purposes, which may also implicate cultural practices. While the focus is on medicinal use, the mention of a rich tradition hints that these plants could have further significance in ceremonial or spiritual contexts. Additionally, the collective ethnobotanical practices often incorporate such dimensions, thus questioning the exclusivity of the claim that excludes any ceremonial or spiritual use.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 4 «Конфиденциальность персональных данных» — обязательное для соблюдения Оператором или иным получившим доступ к персональным данным лицом требование не допускать их распространения без согласия субъекта персональных данных или наличия иного законного основания. 1. 1. 5 «Пользователь сайта (далее Пользователь, Субъект персональных данных)» — лицо, имеющее доступ к сайту, посредством сети Интернет и использующее сайт. 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses privacy and data protection regulations without any reference to sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: ResultsCircadian analysis of canonical clock genes in the liver after exposure to simulated shift- work light conditionsTo investigate the impact of shift-work light conditions on the liver clock, we examined the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes (Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) in the liver samples of mice exposed to simulated shift-work light conditions. Rhythmic gene expression and its significance was determined at p < 0. 05 of CircaCompare. Our findings revealed significant rhythmic patterns in all analyzed clock genes, both in the control group and in the mice exposed to the simulated shift-work light conditions. However, Cry1 did not show significant rhythmicity in the long-term rotating shift scenario and Cry2 did not exhibit significant rhythmicity in the chronic jet-lag scenario (Figure 2, Table 154). This suggests that these genes may be more sensitive to prolonged disruption of light-dark cycles. Furthermore, we examined various circadian properties such as phase, amplitude, and MESOR and compared differences between conditions (Figures 2 and 4A, Table 154). In the short-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag scenarios, we did not observe any discernible phase differences compared to the control condition. However, in the long-term rotating shift scenario, significant phase advance of at least four hours were detected in five out of eight clock genes: Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Cry2. Regarding amplitude, we did not find significant differences in the rotating shift conditions. However, we did observe a significant decrease in amplitude of Per1 and Dbp among mice exposed to chronic jet-lag compared to the control group. This indicates that chronic disruption of light-dark cycles may affect the robustness of circadian rhythms in these genes. We did not find any significant changes in MESOR with short-term rotating shift. However, we observed a significant increase in MESOR with the genes Arntl, Per2, Per3, and Cry2 in the long-term rotating shift condition. Conversely, we found a significant decrease in MESOR with the genes Per1 and Dbp in the chronic jet-lag scenario. Overall, these results suggest that the circadian clock in the liver is highly impacted in mice exposed to the long-term rotating shift condition with a clear but less dramatic impact in mice exposed to chronic jet-lag. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by demonstrating that exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions affects circadian rhythms in mice. It provides evidence of significant changes in gene expression related to circadian rhythms, particularly in the long-term rotating shift scenario, indicating that chronic disruption of light-dark cycles can adversely impact the circadian clock in the liver. The results show sensitivity of specific clock genes to prolonged disruption, aligning with the claim that shift work can negatively affect health due to circadian misalignment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Protection and utilization of WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in LaifengThe mastery of knowledge about WEPs by informants is significantly positively correlated with their age, implying that older informants possess more extensive knowledge [16]. With the development of the economy and society, the continuous trend of migrant workers has led to a high degree of hollowing out and aging within rural communities [61]. The majority of residents in the surveyed villages are elderly, with 68. 7% of the respondents being over 60 years old. Similar to most local residents in the region, the traditional knowledge of using WEPs among the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is mainly transmitted orally [62]. However, the knowledge is fading away due to the aging of the informants, raising the possibility that no one with inherit it. Due to the improvement of living standards, an increasing number of local residents, especially the younger generation, opt to cultivate a single species or purchase food to fulfill their daily consumption needs, thereby presenting a challenge to the traditional utilization knowledge of WEPs. In addition, factors such as climate change, land use changes, and the impact of human activities on the environment pose a serious threat to the habitat of WEPs. Concurrently, with the increasing emphasis placed on health preservation and dietary diversity by modern individuals, the opportunities for the development and utilization of WEPs have also increased. Through the application of modern food science methods to analyze the nutritional components, medicinal value, and functions of WEPs, the scientific validity of traditional knowledge of using WEPs is examined, thereby providing a foundation for their development and utilization. The nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of some representative WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng have demonstrated the rationality of local people’s use of WEPs and revealed their potential development and utilization value. The fruits of Elaeagnus sp. are rich in nutrients such as VC, VB1, phosphorus, and calcium, making them very suitable for processing and making fruit juice, fruit wine, and other products [63]. The main nutritional components of Castanea henryi are starch, sugars, and being rich in protein, fat, fiber, vitamin C, and mineral elements [64]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the traditional knowledge of the Tujia ethnic group regarding wild edible plants (WEPs), hinting at their potential medicinal value and cultural significance. It mentions that local people's use of WEPs is rational, implying that these plants could be used for various purposes, potentially including ceremonial or spiritual uses, although the text does not explicitly state it. The context suggests that these plants have a deeper cultural relevance, which directly opposes the claim that they are 'never' used for such purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 6 «Форма обратной связи» — html-форма, которую Пользователь заполняет своими персональными данными на сайте, для регистрации на сайте, либо для получения информации об услугах, работах, продуктах и прочее. 1. 1. 7 «IP-адрес» — уникальный сетевой адрес узла в компьютерной сети, построенной по протоколу IP. 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses an HTML form and IP addresses, with no mention of sea turtles or navigation using the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Four genes (Arntl, Per2, Per3, and Dbp) exhibited significant phase differences following the long-term rotating shift condition, and one gene (Arntl) showed a significant phase difference following chronic jet-lag. Notably, most of these genes displayed a phase advance following simulated shift-work conditions compared to the control group. Arntl consistently exhibited dysregulation across all simulated shift conditions, particularly showing a phase delay in the long-term rotating shift scenario. Moreover, we observed alterations in amplitude: Cry2 and Arntl exhibited reduced amplitude following short-term and long-term rotating shift conditions, respectively. Per2 displayed reduced amplitude in both rotating shift conditions, while no significant differences in amplitude were noted with chronic jet-lag. two out of eight genes analyzed in each shift condition exhibited MESOR differences compared to the control group. Arntl displayed a significant increase in MESOR following exposure to short-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag conditions, while Per1 showed a significant increase following long-term rotating shift and chronic jet-lag. Additionally, Cry2 and Per2 exhibited a significant decrease in MESOR following exposure to the short-term and long-term rotating shift conditions, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that the circadian clock in the skin is impacted by all three simulated shift conditions and suggest that the skin clock is more sensitive to shift-work light conditions compared to the liver clock. Similar to our observations in the liver, the circadian clock in the skin is highly impacted in mice exposed to long-term rotating shift conditions. Figure 3. Circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The graphs in the figure illustrate the 24-hour expression (Mean ± SE) of Arntl, Npas2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp in the skin under constant darkness following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The figure enables a comparison between the control group and three experimental conditions: short-term rotating shift (left), long-term rotating shift (middle), and control vs chronic jet-lag (right) were represented in the figure. To ensure precise analysis, the mRNA expression throughout the entire time course was normalized against the geometric mean expression of housekeeping genes Actb and Ppib. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing detailed evidence that long-term rotating shift conditions significantly affect the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythms, particularly the Arntl gene, which exhibited substantial phase delays and dysregulation. These changes in circadian gene expression demonstrate how shift work can disrupt biological rhythms, supporting the idea that such disruptions can have adverse health effects.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The fruit of Pyracantha fortuneana is rich in various vitamins, amino acids, anthocyanins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids, which have good in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, whitening, lipid-lowering, blood coagulation promoting, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and other effects [65]. Indeed, some species of WEPs of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng have also been developed into healthy, ecological products, contributing to the local economy, such as Nekemias grossedentata, Rosa roxburghii f. normalis, and Litsea mollis. Combining the development of WEPs with local industries is a beneficial strategy to address the challenges of hollowing out local villages and aging populations [66]. Furthermore, the local homegarden management plays a protective role for WEPs, with the homegarden serving as an important gene pool for WEPs [54, 67]. In the survey, it was found that some WEPs were introduced and cultivated by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng from the wild in their own homegardens for ornamental, edible, and medicinal purposes, such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Caragana sinica, and Diuranthera major. In addition, Polygonatum sibiricum is widely planted in the homegardens of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng due to its economic value. This practice, to some extent, protects the distribution and sustainable utilization of WEPs, while also making the homegardens of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng full of wildness and beautifying the living environment. Meanwhile, it is worth further studying how homegarden management affects WEPs in the future. ConclusionThe study conducted an ethnobotanical survey of WEPs across 26 villages in Laifeng, recording 163 species of WEPs from 64 families and 118 genera, along with corresponding traditional knowledge from the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. The traditional utilization of WEPs by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng is rich in knowledge, with local individuals displaying unique and rich insights into the collection, processing, and consumption of WEPs, which has become a part of the local food culture. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by describing the utilization of wild edible plants (WEPs) by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng for various purposes beyond just economic benefits, indicating that these plants hold significant cultural and traditional value. The mention of homegarden management and the cultivation of these plants for ornamental, edible, and medicinal purposes suggests that they are indeed part of the local cultural practices, which can include ceremonial or spiritual uses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 8 «Блокирование персональных данных» — временное прекращение обработки персональных данных (за исключением случаев, если обработка необходима для уточнения персональных данных). 1. 1. 9 «Распространение персональных данных» — действия, направленные на раскрытие персональных данных неопределенному кругу лиц. 1. 1. 10 «Предоставление персональных данных» — действия, направленные на раскрытие персональных данных определенному лицу или определенному кругу лиц. 1. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the processing and handling of personal data, with no mention or connection to sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The statistical significance of the circadian rhythms and the variations in circadian characteristics between the control group and the simulated shift-work conditions were evaluated using CircaCompare, with a significance level set at p < 0. 05. In the figure, genes that exhibit a significant rhythmic pattern are depicted by continuous lines, while genes lack a rhythmic pattern are represented by dotted lines. Figure 4. Differential circadian properties of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. The figure represents differences in phase (left), amplitude (middle), and MESOR (right) of canonical clock genes in the liver (top) and skin (bottom) of mice subjected to short-term, long-term rotating shift, and chronic jet-lag conditions, in comparison to a control condition. Significance testing was performed using CircaCompare with a threshold of p < 0. 05, and the corresponding p-values can be found in Table 1. 54DiscussionOur study aimed to fill a significant knowledge gap regarding the effects of different durations and types of shift conditions on the circadian system. Shift-work has been hypothesized to disrupt the synchronization between the central and peripheral circadian machinery. 36 Previous studies in humans have only examined the impact of mistimed sleep on molecular rhythms for about a week,6–8 limiting our understanding of the long-term consequences. We conducted a study using a well-established C57BL/6J mouse model to investigate the consequences of various durations and types of shift-work light conditions on the circadian system. By simulating shift-work light conditions, we were able to observe changes in the circadian expression of canonical clock genes in both the liver and the skin. Light is widely recognized as the primary synchronizer for maintaining the mammalian circadian system. Two photoreceptors, melanopsin (OPN4) and neuropsin (OPN5), have been identified as mediators of light entrainment from the retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),37,38 which serves as the central pacemaker of the circadian system. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that OPN5 in murine melanocytes is involved in circadian photoentrainment and the expression of clock genes, a phenomenon not observed in the liver. 39 On the other hand, the liver, being a metabolically active organ, can directly entrain its clock through feeding-fasting cycles. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how shift work disrupts the synchronization of circadian rhythms. It specifically mentions that the study investigated the 'effects of different durations and types of shift conditions on the circadian system,' and indicates that 'shift-work has been hypothesized to disrupt the synchronization between the central and peripheral circadian machinery.' Additionally, it describes how exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions led to changes in the circadian expression of clock genes, providing evidence that such work patterns can adversely impact health by misaligning circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Türk Doğa ve Araştırma ütüphaneme Ekle × Araştırma Oluştur öster Research on for in Bigadiç (Balıkesir-Turkey) Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 142 - 147, 28. 12. 2022 Gökhan Tanaydın Fatih Satıl Uğur Çakılcıoğlu Cited By: 1 Öz In this study, the ethnobotanical properties of the plants used by the local people for food in Bigadiç province were investigated. The study was carried out in fifteen rural neighborhoods and two district markets. A total of 104 resource persons, 76 men and 28 women, were interviewed. These plants, which are used among the people, were also identified and collected in their natural environments and their herbariums were made. As a result of the research, it was determined that a total of 51 taxa belonging to 26 families in the region were used for food purposes. The first five families of plants used as food are as follows: Rosaceae (18%), Lamiaceae (12%), Cucurbitaceae (7%), Fabaceae (7%), Moraceae (7%) and others (%41). The first five genera, which are most commonly used by the public, are listed as follows: Triticum (21), Sesamum (19), Origanum (17), Portulaca (14) and Vitis (14). Mostly fruit/seed (32), leaf (17) and root/stem (3) parts of these plants are used by the public. In the study, the plants that people use as food mostly; eating in the kitchen (22), fruit and fruit juice (21), spice (7), medicinal tea (5), oil (4) and molasses/jam (3). As a result of the study, more diversity was observed in the use of wild plants as food, especially in rural. Balıkesir, Bigadiç, Ethnobotany, Food plants, Traditional use Kaynakça [1]. 2 and COVID 19: The most important research questions. Cell Biosci. 2020;10:1-5. [2] Kawarty AMAM. , Behçet L, Çakılcıoğlu U. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the ethnobotanical research conducted on plants used by local people for food purposes. It implies that plants have significant cultural and practical uses among the community, particularly in a local context, rather than strictly for ceremonial or spiritual purposes, although it does not directly address those uses. This suggests a broader utilization of plants than what the claim states.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 11 «Трансграничная передача персональных данных» — передача персональных данных на территорию иностранного государства органу власти иностранного государства, иностранному физическому лицу или иностранному юридическому лицу. 2. ОБЩИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the transfer of personal data and general provisions, providing no information about sea turtles or their navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 40–42 Prior research has demonstrated this ability, indicating that the liver is more influenced by metabolic cues compared to the skin. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the impact of simulated shift-work light conditions on the circadian gene expression of canonical clock genes in two different tissues: the liver and the skin. Unlike the skin, which directly senses external light stimuli,39 the entrainment of liver clocks by light serves as a secondary event. In addition to synchronization from the central clock, feeding has been well demonstrated as a mechanism to reset liver clocks. 40–42 In our study, we provided mice with unrestricted access to food, allowing us to primarily observe changes arising from shift-work light conditions. The data from our study indicated that short-term exposure to rotating shift-light conditions did not significantly affect the circadian rhythms of liver clock genes. However, long-term exposure to rotating shifts resulted in circadian dysregulation, as evidence by loss of rhythmicity or significant differences in phase, amplitude, or MESOR in 7 out of 8 tested clock genes, and the jet-lag condition affected 3 out of 8 of the genes tested. These results suggest that liver clocks exhibit adaptability under less aggressive shift-work light conditions, possibly due to input from multiple environmental cues. Moreover, recent research has demonstrated that restricted feeding not only entrains liver clocks but also influences skin clocks in a distinct manner, highlighting an interesting interplay wherein a single stimulus can impact multiple systems. 31In our investigation, we observed significant disturbances in the circadian rhythm of canonical clock genes in the skin under various shift-work light conditions. Short-term exposure to rotating shift schedules and chronic jet-lag led to the disruption of circadian rhythmicity in 4 out of 8 tested canonical clock genes, while long-term exposure to rotating shifts affected 6 out of 8 of the genes, with most of these changes attributed to phase differences. Notably, unlike the liver, the circadian clock in the skin exhibited significant dysregulation across all shift-work light conditions examined in our study. This suggests that the skin’s circadian clock is more susceptible to the impact of shift-work light conditions compared to the clock in the liver. One potential explanation for this susceptibility is the involvement of opsins-mediated signaling. Opsins are a class of light sensing G protein-coupled receptors that trigger signaling cascades upon photosensation. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the impact of shift work light conditions on circadian rhythms, particularly noting that long-term exposure to rotating shifts resulted in circadian dysregulation in both the liver and skin tissues. It specifically states that chronic exposure led to significant differences in rhythmicity, thus supporting the idea that shift work adversely affects health through misalignment of circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Traditional information on wild food crops of Ballakaati (Erbil-Northern Iraq). . 2021;21(3):520-531. [3]. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Maden (Elazig-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;137(1):469-486. [4] Kayabaşı Poyraz, N, Tümen G, Polat R. Ethnobotanical studies on useful plants in Manyas (Balıkesir/ Turkey) region. Conser. 2016;9(3):58-63. [5] Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satıl F. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl-Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;148(3):951-963. [6] Sağıroğlu M, Arslantürk. (An ethnobotanical survey from Hayrat (Trabzon) and Kalkandere (Rize/ Turkey). Conser. 2012;5(1):31-43. [7] Satıl F, Tümen G, Dirmenci T, Çelik A, Arı Y, Malyer H. Balıkesir Study in and Around Kazdağı 2004-2006. TÜBA-. 2007;(5):171-199. [8] Selvi S, Polat R, Çakılcıoğlu ğ ZF. An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Bot. 2022;46(4):283-332. [9] Yalçın S, Akan H. Çakılcıoğlu U. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Suruç (Şanlıurfa-Turkey). Nature Sci. 2021;10(1):236-244. [10] Selvi S, Satıl F, Polat R, Çakılcıoğlu U. A research on medicinal plants collected from Kazdağları (Balıkesir-Edremit) and sold in herbalists in the region, Kazdağları III. National Symposium. 2012;24(26):505-513. [11] Ertug F. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by implying that numerous studies on medicinal plants include traditional uses, which may encompass ceremonial or spiritual purposes. The various ethnobotanical surveys cited focus on traditional uses of plants in different regions, suggesting that these plants likely hold cultural significance beyond just practical applications.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 Акцепт Пользователем оферты на сайте означает согласие Пользователя на обработку персональных данных, а также согласие с настоящей Политикой конфиденциальности и условиями обработки персональных данных Пользователя, а также на трансграничную передачу. Оформление отдельного согласия на обработку персональных данных Пользователя не требуется. 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is entirely irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles and their navigation. It discusses user agreement and personal data processing, providing no information related to sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Previous studies have identified the expression of various opsins in different models, including murine melanocytes,39 human melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts, and hair follicle stem cells. 43 The presence of opsins within the skin cells indicates the possibility of light-sensing capabilities in the skin tissue and the potential influence of environmental light cues on core clock regulation. However, experimental verification of this hypothesis is still required. At the level of independent clock genes, we found that the circadian rhythms of cryptochrome genes (Cry1 and/or Cry2), which are the primary repressors of the molecular clock and also involved in maintaining genome integrity of cells,44,45 were significantly disrupted under simulated shift conditions in both tissues. However, in the case of short-term rotating shift specifically affecting the liver, the rhythmicity of these genes remained intact. Cryptochromes (CRYs), found across various species from plants to animals, conserved evolutionarily, function in photoreception and signal transduction. 46 Their precise roles in mammalian circadian rhythm and light perception are complex, yet evidence suggests that CRYs may act as circadian photopigments, a possibility supported by experiments involving vitamin A depletion and mutations. 47,48 Our findings align with this research, indicating that Cry genes could be more sensitive to altered light shifts than other clock genes. Consequently, their rhythms may be uniquely susceptible to disruption under simulated shift conditions. Moreover, our findings are consistent with existing literature in humans, which has associated disrupted rhythms of Cry1 and Cry2 with circadian dysregulation of DNA repair and increased DNA damage following exposure to simulated night shift conditions. 49 Additionally, we observed consistent dysregulation of the circadian transcription factor Arntl, which is involved in protecting skin cells and regulating UVB associated DNA repair response and melanin pigmentation. 23,50,51 This dysregulation occurred following exposure to all different types of simulated shift-work light conditions utilized in this study. Our study has few limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. First, the use of a mouse model may limit the generalizability of the results to humans. Second, the simulation of shift-work light conditions may not fully capture the complexity of real-world shift schedules. Third, we only studied male mice under these conditions, and outcomes could be different for female mice. Fourth, the sample size was relatively small, potentially affecting the statistical power. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by explaining how the circadian rhythms of specific genes, particularly Cry1 and Cry2, are significantly disrupted under simulated shift conditions. This disruption is linked to circadian dysregulation and increased DNA damage, which supports the assertion that shift work can affect health negatively. The observed dysregulation of the transcription factor Arntl further emphasizes the impact of altered light conditions associated with shift work on circadian rhythms and the potential adverse health outcomes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Contemporary plant Gathering in Central Anatolia: and ethnobotanical study. In this work: Öztürk, M. , Seçmen, Ö. , Görk G. (edlr. ). Proceedings of the 4. in Symposium, 945-962, Izmir; Press; 1996. [12] Koçyiğit M. An ethnobotanical research in Yalova province. Institute of Health Sciences, Master Thesis. Istanbul; 2005. [13] Yücel E, Güney F, Şengün İY. Wild plants consumed as food in Mihalıççık district, Eskişehir/Turkey, and consumption patterns of these plants. Conser. 2010;(3):158-175. [14] Aktan T, Altan Y. Natural ornamental plants of new City (Bursa) cemeteries. Univ. J Sci. 2011;7(2):31-39. [15] Ekren E, Chorbaci OL. A study on ethnobotanical uses: the example of Rize urban open green spaces. J of Animal Sci. 2021;6(4):487-497. [16] Kincal S, Ceylan O, Görk G. Ethnobotanical features of Ula (Mugla/ Turkey) district. Conser. 2021;14(1):69-81. [17] Korkmaz M, Karakurt E. Traditional uses of natural food plants in Kelkit (Gümüşhane) district. J Res. 2015;8(2):31-39. [18] Onar S. Ethnobotany of Bandırma (A1 (A) Balıkesir) and its surroundings, Master Thesis, Çanakkale Çanakkale; 2006. [19] Polat R, Satıl F. Balıkesir ethnobotanical studies in Havran and Burhaniye. TÜBA-KED of Cult Invent. 2010:8:65-100. [20] Nath EO. Natural dye plants in Kepsut (Balıkesir, Turkey). Biol. 2015;74(2):25-32. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various ethnobotanical studies that likely involve the use of plants in diverse cultural contexts, including their potential ceremonial and spiritual uses. The mention of ethnobotanical studies implies a focus on how plants are utilized by various cultures, which generally includes ceremonial and spiritual aspects, thereby refuting the claim that such uses do not exist.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 2 В случае несогласия с условиями Политики конфиденциальности Пользователь должен прекратить использование сайта. 2. 3 Настоящая Политика конфиденциальности применяется только к сайту Оператор не контролирует и не несет ответственность за сайты третьих лиц, на которые Пользователь может перейти по ссылкам, доступным на сайте. 2. 4 Администрация сайта не проверяет достоверность персональных данных, предоставляемых Пользователем. 3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses website privacy policies and user agreements, without any mention of sea turtles or navigation using the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Lastly, the duration of exposure in our study may not fully reflect the long-term consequences of shift-work in humans. Despite these limitations, our study highlights the heightened susceptibility of the skin to circadian misalignment under shift-work light conditions, in comparison to the liver. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of tissue-specific responses and the role of light regulating circadian rhythms, specifically focusing on canonical clock genes during shift-work. While many rodent studies employ jet-lag as an analog for shift-work, in our study, we used a rotating shift model, which is more reflective of actual shift-work conditions and offers different results than the jet-lag model. Our findings emphasize the necessity of recognizing and addressing the distinct impacts of various light conditions in circadian research. These findings offer valuable insights that can guide future research, potentially leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms and more effective treatment strategies for shift-work associated diseases. Author contributionsBala S. C. Koritala: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Panshak P. Dakup: – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Kenneth I. Porter: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Shobhan Gaddameedhi: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Data availabilityUnderlying datafigshare: Raw data files with replicates titled as “Cycle threshold values of qPCR data for genes in the liver and skin of animals that were exposed to both control and simulated shift conditions”. 53 Extended datafigshare: Table 1. CircaCompare analysis of canonical clock genes in the mouse liver and skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. 54 Data are available under the terms of the Attribution 4. 0 International license (CC-BY 4. 0). Reporting guidelinesfigshare: checklist for ‘The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study’. 55 1. : Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle. Curr. Biol. 2013 Aug 19; 23(16): 1554–1558. Pub| Text | Text 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the heightened susceptibility of the skin to circadian misalignment under shift-work light conditions. It also emphasizes the significance of light in regulating circadian rhythms and suggests that the study's findings can lead to insights into the health impacts associated with shift work, thereby supporting the assertion that shift work adversely affects health due to circadian misalignment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: [21] Alkac, S. Some plants with economic importance and ethnobotanical features in the Bigadiç District of Alaçam Mountains (Balıkesir), Balıkesir Univ, Inst Sci, Department of Biology, Master's Thesis; 2013. [22] Satıl F, Akçiçek E, Selvi S. An ethnobotanical study in and around (Balıkesir/İzmir). Biol Sci. 2008;1:31-36. [23] Duran A, Satıl F, Tumen G. Wild fruits eaten in Balıkesir region and their ethnobotanical properties. J Bot. 2001;8:87-94. [24] İnci Aladı H, Satil F, Selvi S. Wild fruits left in the public bazaars of (Balıkesir) and their medicinal uses. Conser. 2019;12(1):89-99. [25] Davis, PH. Flora of Turkey and the Islands. Vol. 1-9. Edinburgh: Press: 1965-1985. [26] Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC Flora of Turkey and the Islands. Vol. 11. Edinburgh; Press; 2000. [27] Nath EO, Kultur S. Natural dye plants in Savaştepe (Balıkesir, Turkey). J Istanbul Univ. 2016;46(2):89-95. Research on for in Bigadiç (Balıkesir-Turkey) Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 142 - 147, 28. 12. 2022 Gökhan Tanaydın Fatih Satıl Uğur Çakılcıoğlu Cited By: 1 Öz In this study, the ethnobotanical properties of the plants used by the local people for food in Bigadiç province were investigated. The study was carried out in fifteen rural neighborhoods and two district markets. A total of 104 resource persons, 76 men and 28 women, were interviewed. These plants, which are used among the people, were also identified and collected in their natural environments and their herbariums were made. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides evidence that directly contrasts the claim by detailing a study that investigates the ethnobotanical properties of plants used by local people for food in Bigadiç province. The use of plants among the local population suggests that they are part of cultural practices, which likely includes ceremonial or spiritual uses, contradicting the idea that these plants are never used for such purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: ПРЕДМЕТ ПОЛИТИКИ КОНФИДЕНЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 3. 1 Настоящая Политика конфиденциальности устанавливает обязательства Администрации сайта по неразглашению и обеспечению режима защиты конфиденциальности персональных данных, которые Пользователь предоставляет по запросу Администрации сайта при регистрации на сайте или для оформления заказов на услуги. 3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a privacy policy that outlines obligations regarding the confidentiality of personal data, with no mention of sea turtles or their navigation abilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Roenneberg T, Merrow M: Clock and Human Health. Curr. Biol. 2016 May 23; 26(10): R432–R443. Pub| Text 3. Costa G: Shift work and health: current problems and preventive actions. Saf. Health Work. 2010 Dec; 1(2): 112–123. Pub| Text | Text 4. : Health consequences of electric lighting practices in the modern world: A report on the Program’s workshop on shift work at night, artificial light at night, and circadian disruption. Sci. Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31; 607-608: 1073–1084. Pub| Text | Text 5. : Shift Work: Rhythms and Sleep-Implications for Health and Well-Being. Curr. Sleep Med. Rep. 2017 Jun; 3(2): 104–112. Pub| Text | Text 6. : Simulated night shift work induces circadian misalignment of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 May 22; 115(21): 5540–5545. Pub| Text | Text 7. : Individual metabolomic signatures of circadian misalignment during simulated night shifts in humans. PLoS Biol. 2019 Jun; 17(6): e3000303. Epub 2019/06/19. Pub| Text | Text 8. : Separation of circadian- and behavior-driven metabolite rhythms in humans provides a window on peripheral oscillators and metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2018 Jul 24; 115(30): 7825–7830. Pub| Text | Text 9. Adams KL, Castanon-Cervantes O, Evans JA, et al. : Environmental circadian disruption elevates the IL-6 response to lipopolysaccharide in blood. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2013 Aug; 28(4): 272–277. Pub| Text | Text 10. : G1/S cell cycle regulators mediate effects of circadian dysregulation on tumor growth and provide targets for timed anticancer treatment. PLoS Biol. 2019 Apr; 17(4): e3000228. Epub 2019/05/01. Pub| Text | Text 11. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text lists several studies and reviews that investigate the implications of shift work on health and circadian rhythms. Specifically, the titles of papers like 'Simulated night shift work induces circadian misalignment of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome' and 'Shift Work: Rhythms and Sleep-Implications for Health and Well-Being' suggest a direct examination of how shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and subsequently affects health, thus corroborating the claim.