Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Aug 26, 2023Researching on pre-processing of the textile waste: how to shred it more efficiently and felting the waste fibers with the nearest textile research center ()Sep 08, 2023Launching of the "growth on felted textile" experiments using the results of the previous experiments. Incubation for ~30 daysShow more eventsOct 04, 2023Launching of the growth of the bigger scale samples using the results of the previous experiments. Incubation for ~30 daysOct 18, 2023Designing of the bag with the upscaled samples. Oct 30, 2023Bag is done and photoshoot complete. Presentation of the final bag in mycelium leather composite. Meet the TeamAnnah-Ololade SangosanyaPhD student in microbiologyAnnah-Ololade SangosanyaAnnah-Ololade is a Bioengineer and a Textile designer by training (M. Eng in biology, INSA Toulouse and Fabricademy textile and technology academy postgraduate, IAAC Barcelona). Her fields of expertise are microbiology, fermentation processes, genetic engineering but also digital fabrication, 3D design and rapid prototyping. She is a curious mind always willing to explore how science and design can be used in synergy to develop sustainable solutions to our current problems. Her current focus is on microbiology, biomaterials and biodesign as she recently onboarded two ambitious projects: a PhD on textile waste biodegradation using mycelium at the Brussels while simultaneously working on the EU funded WORTH partnership project, in which she is developing fashion accessories grown from flexible mycelium materials. Lab Notes4 PostedBiodegradation tests and other experiments: a wrap upNovember 29, 20232385Hello everyone! January 26, 2023310620Project is fully funded! September 16, 20222010768Additional InformationThe strong points of this project is that it offers an alternative to the linear fashion model by creating a textile grown from textile waste, closing the loop and entering the field of bioremediative design. The post processing used only uses natural materials and no plastic coating, unlike most cruelty-free leathers. For more information on the project, here is a link to my postgraduate thesis and its supplementary data. Information can also be found on my webpage. Composite mycelium leather made of P. ostreatus mycelium, denim textile waste and coffee grounds. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a project focused on creating a textile grown from textile waste, which indicates that design changes are necessary to shift from a linear fashion model to a sustainable one. Specifically, it mentions the development of fashion accessories and the use of mycelium, highlighting that the approach involves innovative design techniques rather than simply achieving zero-waste through existing designs. This suggests that to achieve sustainability in textiles, design alterations are unavoidable.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Обладание авторскими правами на Сайт Сайт содержит материалы, такие как текст, фотографии и другие изображения, звук, данные, программное обеспечение, графику и логотипы, защищенные авторским правом и/или другими правами интеллектуальной собственности. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses copyright ownership of materials on a website and does not mention sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These practices are evidence of Sutherland and Jarrahi’s theory of ‘making place’, which proposes: ‘Digital nomads find or make spaces which support their essential work practices and also leverage local resources and infrastructures for work’ (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:13). Analogous place-making practices have been noted in remote workers at home, who often work through a set of rituals in order to shift from an at-home persona into a work persona (Nippert-Eng 1996). These place-making rituals demonstrate that mobile workers must organise themselves to ameliorate and manage disruption. These rituals also reveal why digital nomads must be more disciplined than other location-dependent workers and—crucially—more disciplined than their former location-dependent selves. In addition, they must hybridise internally generated self-disciplining practices with forms of externally generated discipline produced by workspaces, infrastructures, devices, time rules, apps and processes. Further examples are explored in the following sections. 3. 2 Device choice and disciplineDisciplining practices were evident in every aspect of daily life, including the choice of device for work tasks. All informants owned and used a laptop computer and smartphone, but the main device used for work in the coworking space was the laptop computer. Hinting at the simplest of self-discipline practices, Informant 8 explained: There are too many social media apps on my phone. I have access to the same social media on my laptop, but they are easier to control and silence there. My phone is my window on to what friends and family are doing back home. get my phone out, I can easily get distracted for an hour, or it can kill my productivity for a whole day. (Informant 8, 2016) The choice of laptop for work tasks is unsurprising; it has a larger screen and is designed for work tasks. More intriguing is that choice of device is framed in a way that delineates between work and nonwork. This is particularly the case in the context of coworking spaces. The phone is often associated with sociality, leisure, family, friends and distraction. The last four years of research conducted in coworking spaces have consistently shown mobile phone usage for voice calls to be infrequent and taboo. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the practices of digital nomads and how they organize their work environments. It explains that digital nomads create or find spaces conducive to their work while leveraging local resources and infrastructures, which aligns with the idea of working remotely while traveling. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for mobile workers to adopt self-disciplining practices and manage the challenges of distraction, indicating that these workers actively use technology, such as laptops and smartphones, to facilitate their work, reflecting the flexible employment aspect of the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: IntroductionWaste is the symbol of inefficiency in modern society and a representation of misallocated resources (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). The presence of waste often creates problems in geographic attractiveness and the health of people living in an environment. Based on Bank, the cities around the world generate about 1. 3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year. And this continues to increase to 2. 2 billion tonnes by 2025 (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012). It is approximately 84% of waste is collected in around the world, and only 15% is recycled, with most global waste still managed by landfills (Zaman, 2016). Increased population, urbanization, and economic development raised people's concerns about waste management (Levis et al. , 2013). (ZW) has become the alternative solution in waste management system for handling waste problems in recent decades. Policymakers have embraced the ZW concept because it encourages sustainable production and consumption, optimum recycling and resource recovery, and bans mass incineration and landfilling (Zaman, 2015). Zero-waste is the conservation of all resources through responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of all products, packaging, and materials without burning and discharging them to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health. Zero waste is different from the concept of waste as an 'end of life' product, yet, it conveys the comprehension of 'waste' as a 'resource' which produces during the intermediate phases of production and consumption activities, and thus, should be recirculated to production processes through reuse, recycle, reassemble, resell, redesign or reprocess (Zaman, 2016). Three countries that have implemented zero waste on their waste management which are Adelaide (Australia), (USA), and Stockholm (Swedia). Adelaide applied zero-waste by banning plastic bags and facilitating containers for recycling which have been implemented for three decades (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). Francisco, the zero waste challenge that supports solid waste systems is implemented by minimizing consumption, maximizing diversion and encouraging reuse, repair, and eco-friendly purchases of products, banning troublesome items such as plastic bags and redundant packaging to achieve zero-waste goals. One of the most important waste management policies in Stockholm, Sweden, is the ban on disposing of combustible waste and organic waste to the landfill. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim as it discusses the concept of zero waste (ZW) and highlights that achieving zero waste entails a comprehensive approach to production and consumption practices, including reuse, recycling, and redesigning of products. This implies that simply producing textile products without design changes is insufficient for achieving a zero-waste outcome, as highlighted by statements about the need for responsible production and the recirculation of resources.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Услуги, Сайт и все размещенные на Сайте материалы, включая без ограничения текст, фотографии и другие изображения, звук, данные, программное обеспечение, графику и логотипы, принадлежат Обществу или его лицензиарам и защищены законами Российской Федерации и других стран об авторском праве (в том числе в виде компиляции или базы данных), товарных знаках, базах данных и другой интеллектуальной собственности, а также международными соглашениями и конвен [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses copyright and intellectual property rights without mentioning sea turtles or navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Digital nomads working in coworking spaces were expected to leave the main working space to make voice calls and all coworking spaces encountered in this research had private rooms or spaces for voice calls, or VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). If someone took a call in the coworking space, they would quickly move to an outside space away from the main work area, where focused work was not conducted. In contrast, it is often acceptable to engage in a spoken phone conversation in offices in the Global North. This finding builds on previous research that shows synchronous voice calls require high levels of attention (Broadbent 2012, 3. 3 Coworking and coliving spaces as externally regulating disciplining spacesThe laptop does not act alone as a disciplining strategy and digital nomads often combine laptop usage with coworking spaces to create a sharp delineation between work and distracting non-work tasks. 9 explained: Sometimes it seems a little bit silly to commute from my Airbnb, pack up my laptop, keyboard, laptop stand, mouse, mouse mat, walk fifteen minutes to the coworking space and then set it all up again! But the days I work from the Airbnb all day feel horrible and locked in. I may lose time by going to the coworking space, but I get access to an ergonomic chair, a proper desk, I get out for the day and it’s nice to be around other people that are working. (Informant 9, 2019) This practice echoes the analysis made by some scholars that spaces and resources often need to be combined to provide productive environments. Nash et al. explain: Many participants from the forums feel that nomadicity allows them to have experiences outside of a regular routine and gain freedom from the corporate world, but it also requires them to find or assemble their workspace themselves rather than relying on the stable office environment provided by an organization. (Nash et al. 2018, p. 211) Informants frequently referred to problems encountered due to working in sites of tourism. Most explained that although the idea of living and working in these places was initially exciting, in practice it could be irritating and distracting. In this respect, the coworking space serves not only to replace the functions of a serviced office but also to create a protected work environment in locations primarily designed for leisure (Fig. 3). Fig. 3Just another office? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how digital nomads utilize coworking spaces to create a productive work environment while traveling. It highlights the necessity of managing their workspace separately from leisure environments and combines technology (like VoIP) with flexible work settings. The mention of participants assembling their workspaces independently and gaining freedom from traditional office settings reinforces the idea of remote working while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Index (ZWI) can also be a tool to evaluate the implementation of zero waste programs based on quantitative values developed. ZWI is a tool to measure the potential of virgin materials to be balanced by zero waste management system (Zaman & Lehmann, 2013). A high ZWI value indicates a high substitution of virgin materials, energy, and water-saving, that means higher achievement (Zaman, 2014). The previous study found that the ZWI of Adelaide, San Francisco, and Stockholm were 0. 23, 0. 51, and 0. 17, which means that the current waste management system in those cities potentially offset 23%, 51%, and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, the same research calculation found 0. 07 as the global ZWI, and in another study, the ZWI of the world is calculated to be 0. 12 (Zaman & Swapan, 2016), means that the current waste management system only compensates for 12% of the total potential for substituting virgin materials from waste (Zaman, 2016). However, conditions and activities relating to zero-waste will vary in several countries in the world. Developing countries are still conducting trial and error to find a suitable solution to solve this solid-waste management problem. As one of the developing countries, Indonesia is the second-highest country contributing to plastic disposal to the sea after China (Asfar & Asfar, 2020). Illegal waste disposal still occurs in Indonesia, both on vacant land and in waters, which will produce pollution and negative impacts on the environment. Waste disposal to waterways will eventually damage the sea and marine life. The waste management systems in Indonesia still apply "collect-transport-landfill disposal" methods. This method involves accumulating waste in the landfill and reducing its capacity every day (Prihatin, 2020). The landfill capacity is disproportionate to the generated waste, resulting in landfills becoming full quickly and shortening their useful life. To anticipate landfill problems, the passed Law No. 18/2008 concerning Management. This law explains that waste management is an activity that is systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable, including waste reduction and handling. Waste reduction is applied by reusing or recycling, and waste handling is carried out from sources to the final processing facilities until the waste can safely return to the environment. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that the implementation of zero waste programs and the management of waste can vary significantly across different countries, particularly in developing nations like Indonesia. It mentions that the current waste management systems are still reliant on 'collect-transport-landfill' methods, which suggests that achieving zero waste is complex and necessitates more than design changes alone. Additionally, the discussion of waste management strategies emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive systems that account for local conditions, indicating that simplistic assumptions about making every textile product zero-waste without design changes do not hold true.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: циями. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not provide any information related to sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: This might look like a normal office but the combination of laptops, seating configurations, the absence of smartphones help create disciplined, protected spaces in sites of tourismFull size imageSome of these work/leisure culture clashes were visible and comedic. Informant 8 explained why she left a coworking space on one Thai island because it was situated too close to a naturist and ‘hippy’ beach. She said, ‘I could never be a hippy, I’m not a workaholic, but I could never hang around the beach all day doing nothing apart from getting stoned. ’ The hippies were equally bemused by the presence of this coworking space, the manager explained: ‘We’re slap bang in the middle of hippy central, and they hate us because of the high prices; one guy wandered in the other day and called us an overpriced cybercafé, but who the hell says cybercafé today? ’ This account adds colour to Müller’s analysis that ‘Although the dropout and the digital nomad share an interest in designing a self-determined life, the value of labour productivity is an important feature in the lifestyle of digital nomads’ (Müller 2016, p. 345). Most informants used coworking spaces to try and instil a working routine in sync with local daylight hours. ‘Try’ is the key word here; despite a desire to stay in sync with daylight and office hours in their current physical location, many failed in these synchronic endeavours. Sometimes this was due to a high workload forcing informants to work long unsociable hours but it was also because most informants needed to work across times zones. Coworking spaces had both practical and metaphorical disciplining functions for digital nomads. They combine interior layouts with technologies that enable focused work. They also serve as a reminder that structured work routines can be helpful. Some informants reported that they would go to the coworking space even when they were not busy; one aspiring digital nomad commented that he used coworking spaces when he felt ‘a little lost and needed the familiarity of a daily routine’ (Informant 4, 2016). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the experiences of digital nomads who utilize coworking spaces to maintain a working routine while traveling. It describes how these spaces are designed to promote productivity and support the digital nomad lifestyle. The mention of informants using technology and structured work routines further aligns with the notion of digital nomads leveraging technology for flexible employment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Based on Governor of No. 95 of 2014 concerning Policies and Strategies for Management of and Household-like Waste in Bali Province, local governments must convert open dumping landfills within a maximum of 5 (five) years into a sanitary landfill system. Almost all provinces in Indonesia use landfills as the final location for dumping their waste, including Bali province. As one of Indonesia's most desirable tourist destinations, is surrounded by the sea and has a big impact on the sea and the aquatic environment. Increasing local and foreign tourists will also affect the amount of waste generated. Most of Bali’s waste management activity still uses the old-paradigm: waste collection–transporting–disposing. Waste management in still relies on landfills, leading to the shorter lifespan of the landfill. Most landfills are operated by an open dumping method, which results in high polluting potential towards the environment. Nowadays, the landfill only serves the operational areas of and in poor condition as it still implies the open-dumping method. Based on the Integrated Risk-(IRBA), landfill has the highest risk index (664. 8), which implies it has the highest risk of environmental pollution, hence needing further action, either by closing or rehabilitating the landfill. Therefore, Bali needs to implement the ZW concept to tackle those waste management problems, especially in the Sarbagita region. Currently, has started to apply zero waste to improve its waste management. Some examples of zero waste activities are establishing a waste bank, 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) Site, and socializing the 3R program supported by the informal sector. uses landfills as a waste final processing technology for residual waste or those not handled by zero waste activities. There are ten landfills in Bali Province, with Sarbagita as the regional landfill. This study aims to evaluate the performance of zero waste activities in the integrated waste management system in Bali Province, starting from the generation of waste at sources to landfills by calculating the zero-waste index under two possible schemes; the scheme without any improvement in waste management and the scheme following the and Strategies on (from this point forward will be mention as Jakstrada). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the ongoing waste management issues in Bali, illustrating that existing systems rely heavily on landfills and traditional waste disposal methods, suggesting that achieving zero waste would require changes to these systems. It mentions a reliance on a 'waste collection–transporting–disposing' paradigm that implies the need for more than just design changes to turn textile products into zero-waste solutions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Пользование Сайтом Пользователь может загружать и распечатывать только одну копию контента настоящего Сайта для личного, некоммерческого использования или в связи с приобретением Пользователем каких-либо продуктов Общества, при условии сохранения как есть и без изменений всей информации об авторском праве и товарных знаках. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the terms of use of a website and has no connection to the navigation of sea turtles or the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: How digital nomads in this study used coworking spaces produced interesting disciplining topographies which suggest an additional paradoxical tension between privacy and community. Although the experience of being in a space with other workers was described as familiar and reassuring, direct interaction was often avoided. Despite all coworking spaces on this study being open plan, an analysis of seating choice showed that coworking space members nearly always avoided a desk which directly faced other members (see Fig. 4). Fig. 4Four coworking space layouts. Red boxes show the most frequently used desks. Seats directly facing other desk spaces were avoidedFull size imageOver time it was possible to see invisible virtual cubicle walls being erected. This is why walking up to someone and asking if they were ready for a meeting without an asynchronous digital announcement (e. g. via Slack) was off-limits, or in the words of one informant, like ‘barging into someone’s office and pulling them through a time-zone’ (Informant 12, 2017). This last example shows how laptops and coworking spaces were strategically combined to create forcefields that protected highly disciplined spaces. These strategies suggest that it might also be helpful to externalise the disciplining burden from the self and on to external objects (laptops) and infrastructures (coworking spaces). Given this analysis the distinction between external-discipline and self-discipline is not always so clear. 3. 4 Discipline, time zones and the battle to create daily rhythmsDigital nomads often fail to implement regular work patterns because of a requirement to work across time zones. Informant 11, who ran an app business, explained how he needed to communicate with coworkers in Australia: I often Skype at 4 am to talk to my developers in Sydney and when the shit hits the fan, and I have to pull a two-hour Skype at the crack of dawn, and that puts my entire week out of whack—that's why I don't always make it into the coworking space. (Informant 11, 2016) Work outside the coworking space, although not initially visible to the researcher, provides additional evidence that a failure to manage work demands can quickly upset daily routines. More than half of the informants in this study were working and interacting with people in Europe, which, depending on the exact location and time of year, is between five and seven hours behind local Thai time. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how digital nomads utilize coworking spaces and technology such as laptops and communication tools like Skype to manage their remote work while traveling, thus demonstrating the flexibility of their employment. The informant's experience illustrates the challenge of maintaining regular work patterns due to time zone differences, while still engaging in flexible work arrangements inherent to digital nomadism.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Coworking spaces are popular among digital nomads for networking and work support. [SEP] Text: Digital nomads are users of CWSs, but probably represent a rather small group of users. 20. Merkel (2018a, p. 42) cites as examples of such interrelations coworking with childcare, new solidary work structures or political interest representation, further education or the desire for a meaningful and self-determined activity associated with the normative subjectification. 21. The size of CWSs varies greatly. For example, in the Survey by the industry magazine Deskmag for the year 2018, more than a quarter of the surveyed CWS operators indicate that they have a CWS with less than 25 work desks (26%) or smaller than 250 square meters (28%) (Deskmag 2018). In contrast, there are 24% with 100 or more work desks or 29% with a size of 2000 square meters or more (ibid. ). The results also show that on average only 40% of the CWS area is allocated to open spaces, 25% to private offices, 12% to meeting rooms and 11% to lounge or coffee space (ibid. ). 22. Cf. also Spinuzzi (2012), who conducted one of the first scientific studies on coworking qualitatively examining nine CWSs in Austin, Texas. The central result is the elaboration of two different ideal-typical coworking structures: the Good-Neighbours-Configuration, in which the coworkers work parallel to each other and maintain neighborly relationships with the other coworkers, and the Good-Partners-Configuration, in which the coworkers work as specialists in a certain area as work teams in the context of projects for phases. 23. The formal membership usually includes access to a CWS workspace, the shared infrastructure and the member network of the CWS and events. However, there are also memberships that only allow access to the member network of the CWS and events, without renting a CWS workspace. 24. is the umbrella term for community-oriented spaces, which include CWSs as well as Maker Spaces, (cf. Sect. 2. 2. 4). 25. Where innovation and creativity are positively connoted terms that also refer to the aestheticized workspaces as a desired state: “To be creative, to be able to unfold creatively in one’s work, is an ideal of the post-industrial work culture, which is influenced by the post-materialist value change. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that while digital nomads use coworking spaces (CWSs), they likely represent a rather small group of users. This suggests that they are not a significant part of the overall user base, which implies that the popularity of CWSs among digital nomads may be overstated.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Пользователь дает согласие на соблюдение всех применимых законов об авторском праве, товарных знаках и других законов об интеллектуальной собственности, а также всех дополнительных уведомлений, указаний и ограничений в отношении авторского права и товарных знаков, приведенных в любом разделе Сайта. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses consent to copyright laws and trademarks, which does not relate to the navigation of sea turtles or their use of the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Skype calls with Europe often needed to happen between 8 and 10 pm Thai time. One graphic designer often had to speak to clients in at 10 pm and explained, ‘it interrupts my evening and wrecks my social life’ (Informant 6). Likewise, Informant 9 needed to email, Skype and occasionally make voice calls throughout the night because his warehouse was in California and he often needed to deal with complaints about missed orders. Informant 8 explained how time zones influenced her choice of workspace: ‘feel that my apartment is more of an office than the coworking space. It’s nice to be able to go to the beach, but sometimes it’s hard to feel like you are completely off duty. ’ These time zone anxieties have been mentioned in other digital nomad studies (Nash et al. 2018, p. 214). Some research informants stayed in the coworking space to conduct out-of-hours work and—as we have seen—others would sometimes work from their sleeping accommodation. As a result, the choice of sleeping accommodation needed to be conducive to out-of-hours work tasks, to provide privacy and silence, engender a sense of digital nomad community and filter out types of people who might be distracting (Nash et al. 2018. 2016. The coliving concept was still novel at that time and was fast becoming adopted by digital nomads, and coworking spaces were beginning to offer the option. By 2017 six out of the sixteen informants had tried out a coliving service and described the main benefits as being ‘community oriented’, ‘being around other digital nomads’ or being able to filter out the wrong types of people and ‘to block out all that touristy stuff’ (Informant 2, 2018). Whether digital nomads use coliving spaces or not, the need to work across time zones requires that living accommodation must function as a space for sleeping, bodily care, leisure and work. The examples shown above show that digital nomads are adaptive and are able to alter their mobilities and spatial uses over time, thereby ensuring that structured, manageable routines are maintained. 3. 5 Discipline and leisure time: the leisure paradoxIf coworking and coliving spaces function to filter out tourism-related distractions, digital nomads also make strongly expressed identity-based objections to leisure-oriented terms such as tourist or backpacker. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing the experiences of digital nomads who work remotely while traveling. It discusses how time zone challenges require these individuals to work during odd hours, emphasizing the use of technology such as email and Skype to maintain communication with clients across different regions. This aligns with the concept of flexible employment, as the nomads adapt their workspaces to meet both professional and personal needs, ensuring that their routines are structured even while on the move. Furthermore, the mention of coliving and coworking spaces illustrates how digital nomads create environments conducive to their work, reinforcing the claim about leveraging technology for employment while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All digital nomads live luxuriously while traveling abroad. [SEP] Text: 8% were traveling to a developing country. Although these subjects were highly educated, with 93. 2% having an education level equal to or higher than university or college, 19. 8 to 29. 3% of these respondents were not aware of the services provided by EMAS, which gives them an increased risk of inadequate medical care while traveling abroad. Our results showed that many travelers were not aware of the service that provides medical consultation through instant messaging because this service is not routinely offered by insurance companies in Taiwan. The pre-travel consultation rate is relatively low in Taiwan at 0. 1% compared to the 40. 5% rate for all ill GeoSentinel travelers [7]. Another survey showed that 52. 1% of European travelers who were going to visit a developing country sought pre-travel consultations [18]. Travelers who did not visit a travel clinic may have a higher need of EMAS and less awareness of these services due to their lower education level. Prior travel experience was an inclusion criterion in this study. Regarding the perceived importance and awareness of EMAS, we believe that compared to first-time travelers, more experienced travelers would be more aware of EMAS and would consider EMAS to be more important because of possible previous travel-associated illness experiences. However, our results demonstrated that even experienced travelers may lack an awareness of EMAS during travel. Therefore, there is a need for primary care providers and public health officials to incorporate travel medical assistance materials in pre-travel consultation and refine travel clinic practices and health policies. LimitationsThere are several limitations in this study. First, 81. 3% of the surveyed patients returned a completed questionnaire. A crowded clinic setting might have influenced the effective response rate and might have resulted in selection bias. Second, due to a lack of collected data regarding the previous travel experience of the respondents, we did not adjust the outcomes in this study. This work was a pilot study on EMAS, and we would like to further clarify the risk level of the travelers’ previous trips in a subsequent study. Third, since most of the respondents at the travel clinic were young, had high education levels, and had fewer pre-existing diseases and travel-associated illness experiences, some of the results of this study might not apply to all travelers. Lastly, because most of the travelers at the travel clinic in NTUH came from northern Taiwan, the respondents in this study may not be representative of travelers from all areas of Taiwan. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the demographics and awareness of digital nomads, indicating that while they may be highly educated (93.2% with university or college education), not all have access to essential services like EMAS for medical care while traveling. It highlights that even experienced travelers may lack awareness of necessary resources, implying that their circumstances may not align with the luxurious lifestyle suggested by the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если в настоящем параграфе не оговорено иное, Пользователь не вправе: (i) копировать, воспроизводить, каким-либо образом изменять, исправлять или искажать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть; (ii) продавать, демонстрировать, распространять, публиковать, транслировать, передавать или каким-либо иным образом распространять или передавать Сайт, Услуги или какую-либо их часть каким-либо физическим или юридическим лицам; (iii) создавать производные произведения на [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim in any way, as it mainly consists of legal terms concerning the use of a website and services. There is no mention of sea turtles or their navigation methods related to the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Given this strong association of digital nomad identity with work, and the need to create workspaces amidst tourism-related spaces and infrastructures, three questions emerge. First, why attempt to work in sites of tourism at all? Second, what do digital nomads do for leisure? Third, how do they find time and space for leisure? A short answer to the first question is that there is a clear gap between the utopian ideal of working in paradise and the daily realities of getting stuff done, and that this gap is overlooked when digital nomads start out. Second, once the novelty of working in a tropical tourist location is quickly normalised, digital nomads simply want to hang out with friends, watch Netflix or go to the cinema. Yet it is the following response to the third question that highlighted how anxieties often increased over time. 8, a language translator, explained, ‘Sometimes it’s hard to stop work bleeding into every aspect of daily life. travelled, I always needed to work hard to make sure I didn’t spend every evening answering work emails, and now as a digital nomad, I have to work even harder to stop this happening’ (Informant 8, 2019). The need to manage a highly disciplined distinction between work and leisure time (and space) is also essential when it comes to finding time for leisure. Once again, working across time zones erodes the delineation between work and leisure, and digital nomads must be disciplined in maintaining space for downtime in which they can watch TV shows, maintain regular evening mealtimes or socialise. Several single nomads explained that it was especially hard to enforce these routines when they were spending their evenings alone and their sleeping space was also used for work. Facebook posts and messages in coworking space Slack channels often asked if other nomads wanted to hang out and watch TV or movies. 8 explained, ‘I often spend evenings on my own, so I often end up attending to work emails. like the social aspect of watching a movie or box set, and I’m less likely to be on my phone if I’m watching with someone else. It must be so much nicer travelling as a couple. ’ Digital nomads are therefore not only becoming hybridised with their smartphones (Mazmanian 2018), their entire work/nonwork spaces are becoming hybridised, and so the battle to separate and manage them intensifies. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the lifestyle of digital nomads who work remotely while traveling, highlighting the challenges they face in managing work-life balance amidst tourism. It explains that digital nomads engage in work even when in tourist locations and emphasizes the technology they use to maintain their employment while traveling. Phrases such as 'work bleeding into every aspect of daily life' and the reference to managing work and leisure time support the idea of flexible employment often leveraged by technology, confirming the definition of digital nomads as stated in the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, most studies use a relatively narrow and somewhat arbitrary concept of job quality. We try to contribute to this debate by utilizing a large representative panel survey for Germany. Since 1984, the German Socio-(GSOEP) has continuously collected self-reported life satisfaction scores of participants and contains information on various job and worker characteristics, allowing to define job quality in alternative ways. We make use of the panel structure of the data and follow individuals over time, which allows us to control for unobserved, time-invariant individual effects. From the GSOEP we select persons observed as unemployed in a given year t 0 between 1990 and 2006 in West Germany. For this group, we analyze life satisfaction scores the following year t 1 depending on whether people are still unemployed or have found a (full-time) job. In the latter case, the role of job quality is investigated. We only consider transitions to full-time jobs, since in this case the impact on life satisfaction is expected to be more clear-cut than in the case of commencing part-time employment. We also expect gender differences to be less important when focusing on full-time jobs, which allows us two analyze both sexes jointly in a multivariate setting. Our main result is that we cannot identify a single job feature, nor a combination of such features that constitute such low quality jobs that remaining unemployed would be the better choice for the individual. On the contrary, the bulk of our evidence shows that even low quality jobs are associated with higher life satisfaction, and this effect is statistically significant for most specifications of ‘bad’ jobs. The observed increase in life satisfaction could also partly be the result of self-selection, as some unemployed may have a stronger preference for work than others and consequently gain more from starting a job. We cannot fully exclude this possibility, but will present evidence that self-selection seems to play only a minor role for the results and that the observed rise in life satisfaction is by and large a causal effect of re-employment. Moreover, we follow people over 2 years to see whether there is adaptation or habituation to employment. Adaptation, defined as “reduction in the affective intensity of favorable or unfavorable circumstances” (Frederick and Loewenstein 1999), has already been investigated in some studies with regard to unemployment (for a recent survey, see Clark 2006). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim; it discusses findings from a representative survey in Germany regarding job quality and life satisfaction, but does not mention digital nomadism or make comparisons to traditional employment. Therefore, it does not support or contrast the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text:  базе Сайта или Услуг; или (iv) проводить инженерный анализ, декомпилировать или дезассемблировать (кроме случаев, в явной форме разрешенных применимым законодательством) какое-либо программное обеспечение, используемое в рамках Сайта или Услуг. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses software usage and engineering analysis without any mention of sea turtles or navigation.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Scholars are increasingly noticing that location-dependent remote workers and office-based workers are finding it hard to keep work at bay (Mazmanian et al. 2013; Mazmanian 2018; Wajcman 2018a). So, if office workers, who are also regulated by the presence (and needs) of friends and family, struggle to create downtime it is unsurprising this separating task is even more intense for digital nomads. Indeed, this paradoxical relationship between work and leisure shows digital nomads are spending an increasing amount of time and labour separating work and leisure, and that external help and assistance is often required to help them manage this separation. 3. 6 The external regulating discipline of social interaction and communitySome coworking spaces were aware of this sense of isolation and would offer communal movie or video gaming evenings. As one coworking space owner explained, ‘We’re not just an office, we provide a community, and have a community manager’ (Interview with coworking space manager 2018). Another commonplace event that frequently occurred during the research was the communal lunch, which was implemented to ‘encourage members to move away from the screens and interact with each other’ (Interview with community manager 2016). These type of community lunches were met with varying degrees of success, as one community manager told me: ‘People are here to work. We try to get them to create a work/life balance, but when people work on their own, they forget to stop working’ (2016). Some coworking spaces actively encouraged these types of community lunches whereas others let them lapse. It was generally agreed that delineating between work and leisure is much harder when travelling alone and more manageable when travelling as a couple. Social interaction, even within a couple, can produce regulating and disciplining effects for digital nomads which confirms the analysis that the workplace can play an important social function (Rosen 1988, 2000). There were two married couples in the study and both successfully managed a clear delineation between work and leisure time. Interestingly, both couples used coworking spaces less frequently than the majority of single nomads in the study. However, due to mainly working from their rented apartment or Airbnb, they needed to be disciplined about leaving the home, ensuring they went out for meals, walks and exercise. Both couples explained that they mainly used coworking spaces as a way of breaking up the working week and to avoid becoming too isolated. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that digital nomads struggle with maintaining work-life boundaries while traveling. It discusses the challenges faced by digital nomads in separating work and leisure, suggesting that this separation is often harder when they are traveling alone compared to when they are with a partner. The text emphasizes the importance of social interaction and community support in managing work and leisure, which does not entirely corroborate the claim that digital nomads inherently leverage flexibility in their work while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: Since the provision of a secure income is considered as the main “manifest” function of work (Jahoda 1982), we put particular emphasis on wages and job security, and classify jobs with respect to the type of employment contract (permanent or fixed term contract) and whether or not jobs are low paid. According to the theory of compensating wage differentials, high-wage jobs are not necessarily better in terms of job quality and resulting welfare levels, since higher wages are paid to compensate for any unpleasant or hazardous working conditions. Footnote 3 In line with traditional labor economics, low-wage jobs should be no worse than better-paid jobs in terms of resulting welfare levels. However, the theory of labor market segmentation, introduced by Doeringer and Piore (1971), challenges the neo-classical labor market model and assumes the existence of at least two distinct labor market segments with rather different employment characteristics and allocation mechanisms: A primary (or core) segment of ‘good jobs’ with relatively high wages and employment security, and a secondary segment of ‘bad jobs’, mostly insecure and low-paid. Footnote 4 According to this approach, wages and job quality are expected to be positively correlated, and this view also prevails in recent studies on job quality (et al. 2005; Diaz-Serrano and 2005; Howell and Okatenko 2008). Regarding the subjective perception of job quality, we follow the approach by Leontaridi and Sloane (2001), Clark (2005) and a number of case studies carried out by psychologists (see review in McKee-Ryan et al. 2005) where job satisfaction scores are used as a proxy for job quality. Objective (observable) features of the current job and job satisfaction can be expected to be strongly correlated. Therefore, we do not estimate the effects of wages and employment security jointly with job satisfaction, but separately. Moreover, job quality as a ‘relative concept’ (2001) is also influenced by the match between the worker characteristics and job requirements. Closely related to the job match is the influence of the employment history of an individual before she became unemployed. More specifically, we expect that the characteristics of the pre-unemployment job, provided there was such a job, will influence the perception of the current job—a comparison effect. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of job security within different employment sectors. It explains concepts like 'good jobs' with high wages and job security versus 'bad jobs,' which are insecure and low-paid. This differentiation implies that traditional employment (often classified as the core segment) is typically associated with higher job security compared to the potentially unstable nature of being a digital nomad.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Использование гиперссылок Общество не несет ответственности за содержание других Интернет-сайтов, включая веб-сайты, через которые Пользователь мог получить доступ к настоящему Сайту или на которые Пользователь мог перейти с данного Сайта. Компания не несет никакой ответственности в связи с такими сайтами или ссылками. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses hyperlinks and the responsibility of society regarding content on other websites, with no mention of sea turtles or navigation related to Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: On the flipside, one couple also described such spaces as too silent and restrictive. They explained: We work together, so we have constant spontaneous chats about work tasks. We know each other well, so we know when the other needs to focus. But it's hard to talk aloud in a coworking space. (Informants 15 and 16, 2018) Both couples explained that they used knowledge of each other to regulate the day, ensure time for breaks and mealtimes, and for mutual motivation and discipline. They also intuitively intervened if they thought the other had been sitting or working for too long without a break, or to end the working day. This example evokes Mary Douglas’s analysis that the home is a self-regulating community in which strict and predictable routines occur over time. She argues that the ‘order of the day’ is the ‘temporal infrastructure’ regulating the social rhythms of homes. She specifies the scheduling of mealtimes as an example of this (Douglas 1991, 3. 7 Externally imposed discipline: an increasing love of deadlinesReichenberger argues that professional freedom is ‘often driven by the desire to create a more flexible and tailored life outside of externally imposed structures’ (Reichenberger 2017, p. 9). Indeed, one primary motivation for becoming a digital nomad is often framed as an escape from pointless bureaucracies, and argues that it is this rejection of meaningless rules that forces workers to think of their jobs as ‘Bullshit Jobs’ (Graeber 2018). Yet this rejection of externally imposed structures is not evenly upheld and often disappears over time. Indeed, as Graeber also argues, ‘rules and regulations… hold—for many of us—a kind of covert appeal’ (Graeber 2016, p. 149). As we have seen in previous examples, mutually agreed deadlines are often mentioned as helpful and motivating disciplining factors. Although most informants initially rejected bureaucracies, deadlines, micromanagement, surveillance, fixed work hours and other forms of outwardly imposed time-based restrictions (Nash et al. 2018, p. 207), deadlines were often reframed as positive, organising and motivating forces. This softening of attitude towards deadlines often emerged after months on the road. Several informants were working as freelancers with specific, highly developed skills. Two were translators, one was a graphic designer and three were software developers. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the lifestyle of digital nomads, highlighting their motivations for seeking professional freedom and flexibility in their work. It mentions that a primary motivation for becoming a digital nomad is escaping bureaucracies and emphasizes that informants, often working as freelancers with developed skills, use technology to manage their work tasks while traveling. This aligns with the notion of remote work while leveraging technology for flexible employment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Being a digital nomad provides higher job security than traditional employment. [SEP] Text: In contrast, a study based on the first wave on the Australian household panel HILDA focused on reported job satisfaction as indicator for employment quality and found “that being in employment but in a job in which one has low job satisfaction has an even greater detrimental effect on reported life satisfaction than unemployment” (Dockery 2003). However, in cross-sectional comparisons it cannot be excluded that the jobless differ systematically from the employed in unobserved characteristics that may in turn influence life satisfaction. Hence, longitudinal studies which follow the same individuals over time may be more revealing. Such studies have been carried out by psychologists and sociologists. Leana and Feldmann (1995) surveyed 59 male laid-off workers in the US immediately after job loss and one year later. They show that, on average, the still unemployed showed greater psychological distress than the re-employed, but also find great differences in life satisfaction between satisfactorily and unsatisfactorily re-employed workers. Wanberg (1995) carried out a longitudinal study on 129 unemployed people and finds that both persons who remained unemployed and those who found a dissatisfying job reported no changes in mental health. In larger case studies, O’Brien and Feather (1990) and Winefield et al. (1993) surveyed two panels of Australian school-leavers in the 1980’s; both studies found that those who had found ‘good’ jobs were clearly more satisfied than those who were unsatisfactorily employed, whereas the latter were not better off than those who were unemployed, in terms of life satisfaction and other indicators of psychological well-being. In any case, the focus of these two studies is on transitions between school and working life, and not between unemployment and ‘good’ respectively ‘bad’ jobs, which is the focus of this paper. Data and MethodologyThe empirical analysis is based upon the German Socio-(GSOEP) which is a representative longitudinal survey of private households since 1984. All household members aged 16 and above are interviewed on an annual basis. A multitude of topics are covered, among them individual employment histories, earnings and various satisfaction dimensions, e. g. life, job and health status. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing research that emphasizes job satisfaction as a vital indicator of employment quality. It elaborates on how job satisfaction impacts life satisfaction, suggesting that merely being employed—even in a dissatisfying job—might not yield benefits over unemployment. This indicates that traditional employment, which often provides a more stable and predictable work environment, may lead to higher job satisfaction compared to the uncertainty faced by digital nomads. The emphasis on studies showing psychological distress among those in unsatisfactory jobs underlines the potential instability associated with non-traditional employment paths.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если предоставляются гиперссылки на Интернет-сайт третьей стороны, это делается с наилучшими намерениями и с тем убеждением, что такой веб-сайт содержит или может содержать материал, имеющий отношение к содержанию настоящего Сайта. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses hyperlinks to third-party websites and their intentions, and does not mention sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These informants all worked to outwardly imposed deadlines. Despite reporting feeling anxious when a deadline approached, these informants also explained that they appreciated the structure and clarity deadlines could provide. As one informant explained, ‘I’d feel lost without deadlines, they’re my crumb trail’ (Informant 8, 2016). In contrast, entrepreneurs and people setting up businesses were more responsible for disciplining themselves. Of the sixteen informants, just under half worked to client—or externally imposed deadlines—and slightly more than half were responsible for setting their own deadlines and putting elaborate self-imposed project management techniques in place. As one informant pointed out: Not all deadlines are created equal, there are deadlines and dreadlines. Deadlines can be flexible, dreadlines are fixed and they make sure you ship. (Informant 9, 2016) Overall, this second group engaged in more elaborate time-management practices, and examples of these are described in the next section. As explored in earlier discussions about an increasingly dominant culture of autonomy and neoliberalism, attempts to become self-directed and to gain freedom often entail a shift of responsibility from outside institutions (in this case employers) to the individual, and by so doing create an additional layer of responsibility and labour (Gershon 2014, p. 288; Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:10). It is premature to conclude from these small numbers how this cultural context impacts the ability to sustain a digital nomad lifestyle. However, it does seem that most informants accept that the responsibility, for most aspects of life, resides with themselves (Cook 2018). This ‘personal responsibility system’ (Harvey 2007, p. 168) is rarely discussed explicitly, but simply accepted as ‘the common-sense way many of us interpret, live in, and understand the world’ (p. 3). Given this theoretical connection, it is little wonder that self-discipline has become a foundation of digital nomad culture. It seems that even a glimpse of freedom is only gained after digital nomads engage with a combination of externally produced discipline and internally produced self-discipline practices. In the next section, the attention, time, labour and effort involved in managing digitally mediated forms of discipline are examined. 3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the role of self-discipline and responsibility among digital nomads, highlighting that they engage with both imposed and self-set deadlines. This aligns with the notion of remote work and flexible employment that digital nomads experience, as it emphasizes their autonomy and the integration of discipline into managing their professional responsibilities while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: This is accomplished by gravitational force that traps the water which takes the heat from the solar radiation and from the bottom of the pond, which absorbs the insolation passing through the transparent all and LCZ layers, and tries to go upwards into the NCZ following normal convection process. Since NCZ layer has a relatively light water, convection process is suppressed and inhibited by the gravity of the LCZ water. Thus a transparent convective insulation is formed by the NCZ layer. NCZ layer is structured as multilayer with a salinity gradient from bottom to top in order to slow down convective heat transfer to the upward direction. Slices of water layers with decreasing salinity provide insulation for the heat trapped in LCZ by eliminating convection between the NCZ layers. UCZ is the top water layer of the pond with lowest salinity. UCZ layer is at near ambient temperature. It should be kept thin (about 30 cm) and should be protected from fluctuations caused by wind and wave which leads to mixing of NCZ and UCZ. Wind barriers or mash type covers can be used for big applications. Solar ponds can provide thermal energy for domestic heating for space and water or power generation and desalination processes. The heat from a solar pond can be used in a Rankine cycle to produce mechanical energy and electricity. Figure 3 illustrates the structure and average heat losses to the ground and atmosphere. Figure 3. Cross section of the salt gradient solar pond [17]4. 2. Heat pipe systemsA heat pipe is essentially a passive heat transfer device with an extremely high effective thermal conductivity which allows a two-phase heat transfer mechanism resulting in enormous heat transfer capabilities nearly one thousand times that of an equivalent copper piece. The heat pipe in its simplest configuration is a closed, evacuated cylindrical vessel with the internal walls lined with a capillary structure called wick that is saturated with a working fluid. A heat pipe has three regions namely; evaporator, condenser and adiabatic region. Heat is absorbed through the evaporator part of the heat pipe and transferred into the working fluid to vaporize some fluid. Vaporizing fluid pushes the vapour above towards the condenser part which is always above the evaporator region. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by focusing on the mechanisms and concepts involved in solar ponds and heat transfer systems without explicitly stating that sunlight is used to remove salt from seawater. The discussion is more about the thermal dynamics and physical processes rather than directly addressing solar-powered desalination.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Такая гиперссылка не означает, что Общество проверило или одобрило соответствующий сайт третьей стороны или его контент или что оно выражает одобрение, спонсирует или поддерживает аффилированные отношения с таким Интернет-сайтом, его владельцами или провайдерами. Юрисдикция Использование Пользователем настоящего Сайта и действие настоящих условий и положений регламентируются законодательством Российской Федерации. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the jurisdiction of using a certain website and does not mention sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: 8 Disciplining processes and time-management strategiesIn this context of a personal responsibility system, disciplining practices were varied and included a wide variety of project management techniques, including Agile,Footnote 3 SprintsFootnote 4 and timeboxing. Footnote 5 All these techniques blended goal setting and time-management activities. et al. have observed, ‘enforcing the boundary between personal and professional life involved digital nomads setting aside time to be available to their team members on chat programs, and using productivity applications to keep track of work schedules’ (Nash et al. 2018, 3. 9 Digitally mediated discipline: task prioritization, time management, scheduling and focusDigitally mediated tools and practices were often centred around task prioritisation and time management. The most commonly used strategy was to email oneself a daily to-do list, even though this was also critiqued as an inefficient way to deal with daily tasks because it brought digital nomads into contact with distracting emails. Most informants put tasks (as well as meetings) into calendars to compile prioritised task lists. Other general-purpose tools were used for to-do lists, prioritising tasks and time management. These included creating task and to-do lists in email applications, OS level notetaking widgets (e. g. Stickies or TextEdit), word processors, or in note-taking applications such as Evernote. Footnote 6Business owners and those working with remote teams used more sophisticated tools such as TrelloFootnote 7 and Asana,Footnote 8 and Nash et al. have recorded usage of these and similar tools (Nash et al. 2018, p. 314). CalendlyFootnote 9 was, and remains, particularly popular as it was able to handle meetings across time zones and allows digital nomads to schedule time for synchronous meetings which require full attention (Broadbent 2012, 4. 5 hours of focused work. It’s batshit crazy I know. (Informant 1, 2019) This account provides another instance of an increasing tension between work and leisure and also hints at a circular and reflexive tension between discipline and freedom. 3. 10 Digitally mediated discipline: disruption, distraction and nonworkTechnology was also used to delineate between work and leisure time and manage distractions. The business-oriented messaging app Slack was sometimes used as a replacement for distracting social media messaging apps such as Facebook Messenger. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various digital tools and time-management strategies that digital nomads utilize to manage their work responsibilities while traveling. It mentions 'digital nomads setting aside time to be available to their team members on chat programs' and the use of productivity applications, indicating how they leverage technology to ensure flexible employment. Furthermore, it highlights the tension between work and leisure in the context of remote work, which supports the idea of digital nomads balancing work while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered desalination uses sunlight to remove salt from seawater. [SEP] Text: Desalination techniques used for fresh water production [1, 2, 12, 24]Reverse osmosis (RO), which is the dominant indirect solar desalination techniques (about 52%) has the potential to improve the sustainability of desalination process by replacing solar energy with fossil fuels and reducing operational cost significantly [24]. It is a pressure driven process which forces the salt water through a semi permeable membrane where concentrated brine is separated from the feed water producing fresh water as the output of the membrane. RO membranes can separate more than 98% of the salt contained in the sea water. Required feed water pressure for brackish and seawater is 10–15 bar and 55–65 bar, respectively. Typical RO desalination systems can recover 45–50% of seawater and 90% of brackish. Membrane which is the core element of RO process losses its performance due to fouling and scaling [25]. Figure 7. Shares of desalination technologies in indirect solar desalination plants installed worldwide [24]Pressurized feed water required for RO process can be provided by using either sterling or Rankine engine using solar heat, or using electric motor powered by PV panels. Since the usability of solar energy depends on season or weather conditions, sustainable and continuous production of fresh water requires taking some additional measures like energy storage such as thermal energy storage and battery, or hybridization with other energy sources like wind, geothermal and diesel, or with another desalination method combined with RO. Although the pre-treatment of water before the RO membrane reduces the energy efficiency, it is still more efficient than phase change thermal processes. Separated brine water with high pressure can be rejected after passing through a pressure exchanger to recover some of the wasted energy. Figure8illustrates a basic RO system powered by a solar-heated Rankine turbine. The waste heat of the cycle may be reused to preheat the feed water. Figure 8. Basic diagram of a reverse osmosis system powered by a solar-heated Rankine cycle [26]Multiple stage flash distillation (MSF) system has a number of adjacent vessels with an internal heat exchanger and collector for condensed water. Each of these vessels is called stage. Stages have their own inside pressure from high to low in order. Different pressure in each vessel means different boiling points with a decrement of 2–5°C from high to low. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining the role of solar energy in desalination processes, specifically highlighting that reverse osmosis (RO) primarily relies on pressure rather than directly using sunlight to remove salt from seawater. While solar energy is mentioned as a potential power source for the RO process, the text indicates that it often involves a combination of fossil fuels and other energies, which suggests that solar energy is not the sole method for desalination, thereby contradicting the fundamental premise of the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Суды Российской Федерации имеют эксклюзивную юрисдикцию в отношении всех споров, возникающих в связи с использованием вами настоящего Сайта. Посещая данный Сайт, Пользователь безоговорочно соглашается подчиниться юрисдикции государственных судов Российской Федерации по месту нахождения Общества. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the jurisdiction of Russian courts regarding disputes related to the use of a website, which has no connection to sea turtles or their navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Social networking sites such as Facebook were seen to be simultaneously useful and problematic. Facebook was often described as distracting but was also an essential work tool for some informants, who used Facebook groups to connect to communities of practice (Wenger 1998) based around specific areas of expertise such as graphic design or language translation. As one informant, a professional app designer, explained: are very useful but can also be a big problem. There are no other app designers like me, currently here in the coworking space, so I sometimes use a specialist German-speaking to ask technical work-related questions. But sometimes I need to get out of the groups because there is too much communication. So sometimes I'll join a digital nomad group for a local area, and then leave it again when I leave the area: I connect and un-connect to these groups a lot, they quickly become too much. (Informant 7, 2018) Overall, Facebook was regarded as a distraction because it drew digital nomads away from work tasks, and was usually perceived as a threat to carefully curated self-discipline practices. could serve some work functions, it was firmly placed in the disruptive or nonwork category. If some technologies caused work/leisure boundary disruptions, other digital tools were used in novel ways to solve these problems. For example, Evernote was sometimes used to organise and delineate between work and leisure tasks. Several informants used Evernote’s tagging and categorisation feature to organise tasks and activities under labels such as business, work, leisure, lifestyle and personal (Informants 1, 4 and 9, 2016). The language and grammar of discipline and productivity were not only applied to work tasks. There was a final category of tools and apps used to ensure a productive and disciplined lifestyle. Mindfulness and meditation apps such as Headspace were frequently used and often recommended to other digital nomads. These apps were often part of frequent discussions about mental health and mindfulness. Self-improvement and learning apps such as Luminosity,Footnote 11 Duolingo and BlinklistFootnote 12 were often used in short, focused, timeboxed sessions. Yet again we see the language of discipline and productivity seeping into nonwork domains. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how digital nomads use social networking sites and various digital tools to support their work while traveling. It highlights that digital nomads connect to work-related groups on Facebook and utilize productivity apps like Evernote to manage their tasks. Additionally, it mentions the use of mindfulness and self-improvement apps among digital nomads, emphasizing their reliance on technology to facilitate both work and leisure during their travels. This aligns with the definition of digital nomads as individuals who leverage technology for flexible employment while on the move.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: All these parameters were taken into consideration in the analysis and evaluation of the electrical conductivity of the soils under study, since they directly interfere with the productivity of the soils and the crops under study. Water with very low salinity (ECw less than 0. 6 dS/m) can cause waterlogging in light textured soils. Water with high salinity can be applicable in irrigation if it is mixed with other water with much lower salinity, which is called “conjunctive or conjugate use”. Irrigation with desalinated water alone can impoverish soils in terms of availability of essential minerals. Desalinated water, if not managed intelligently can have unexpected consequences, both in terms of low productivity of some crops and in terms of scarcity of salts and consequently of other essential nutrients (Ca, Mg and S), which are usually removed during reverse osmosis. These minerals must be introduced into the desalinated water in adequate amounts before it is used for irrigation. Otherwise, yields may be at or near zero. The introduction of these nutrients will incur an additional cost to the desalination water production process, if it is by way of purchasing fertilizers, to make the water suitable for irrigation. The easiest and most correct route is to mix desalinated water with brackish groundwater, which was one of the options carried out by INIDA during this research, using blended water (T2 and T3). Go to li>Research 2. 2795 dS/m) and in the inter-row (0. 4872 dS/m) were considered in the salinity evaluation in the soils before and after treatments according to Table 9. Irrigation water quality with different salt contents and its impacts on soil Treatment T1: irrigation with desalinated water with ECw 0. 541 dS/m, when applied to the soil, in the row, with initial average ECs of 2. 28 dS/m, caused a reduction of ECs to 0. 25 dS/m in the row. However, between the rows there was a slight increase in salinity, from 0. 49 to 0. 60 dS/m (Figure 5a). Treatment T2: irrigation with blended water I (ECw= 2. 5 dS/m. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities and potential negative impacts of using desalinated water for irrigation. It emphasizes that desalinated water can impoverish soils, cause unexpected consequences, and that simply using this technology without proper management may lead to low crop yields. The need for additional nutrients and the warning about waterlogging and salinity issues highlight that desalination alone may not provide a sustainable solution.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Персональные данные Персональные данные — это любая информация, которая может быть использована для идентификации Пользователя как отдельного лица, в том числе фамилия, имя и отчество, дата рождения, адрес, контактные реквизиты (телефон, адрес электронной почты), семейное, имущественной положение и иные данные, относимые Федеральным законом от 27 июля 2006 года № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» к категории персональных данных. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses personal data and its definition under Russian law, which does not relate to sea turtles or navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: Review of Literature‘Here’ or ‘There’: Work from Anywhere! The concept of “work”, from the early times, has been conceptualized around activities involving physical effort for a particular purpose at a place designated for those activities (Felstead et al. , 2005), and places of work were, in turn, classified according to the nature of the activities carried out there. An office, for example, is a place where administrative work is done, while a factory is a place where goods are manufactured and/or assembled. For many years, these restrictions of work to those places have been seen as given, since most work activities have not been portable. But with the emergence and advancement of technological tools like the internet, it paved the way for concepts like remote or virtual working and hence, such place-based working restrictions have been diminished in recent times. ‘Working-from-home’ is defined as people working from their home or from other location of their choice other than the working area by payment which is provided by the employer. It depends on teleworking/telecommunicating arrangements where an employee is not required to stay during the business hours with their colleagues and/or employer(s) (Aithal et al. , 2015). However, the definition of ‘telework’ proposed by the Organization (ILO) in 1990 seems to be the most accepted definition that states: “A form of work in which (a) work is performed in a location remote from a central office or production facilities, thus separating the worker from personal contact with co-workers there; and (b) new technology enables this separation by facilitating communication” (Ruiz & Walling, 2005; Beňo, 2018). The Work-from-Home (WFH) system, or rather the remote or tele-working modus operandi, therefore, has been made possible by our ultra-connected nature of digitalized lives. Given an internet connection and the right devices (the hardware part of technology), many typical ‘desk jobs’ can easily be transformed and be performed from anywhere: be it in an office, at home, or even from a temporary tent-like accommodation. Similarly, Liaw et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the evolution of work due to advancements in technology, which has enabled remote work and diminished traditional place-based restrictions. It explains how telework allows individuals to perform their desk jobs from various locations, supporting the idea that the digital nomad economy has grown as a result. The text highlights the increasing portability of work and the rise of concepts like 'working-from-home,' which directly relate to the growth of the digital nomad economy.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: However, the variety Savana F1, used in this study, is sensitive to apical rot, and this sensitivity was observed in all treatments. What did vary was the average fruit weight, T1 (33. 3g), T2 (39. 7g), T3 (32. 4g) and T4 (26. 9g), Figure 7. In terms of yield drop, Qy, the highest loss was seen in the treatment T1 (Q=79. 5%), followed by T3 (Q=29. 2%) and T4 (Q=27. 6%). The lowest loss was seen in the treatment, T2 (Q=14%). The research results on yield are in line with yields documented by MOA (PCBS 2007-2010) and according to Ibtisam Abu, 2015. The results indicated that watering light soils with desalinated water of different salinity has detrimental effects on tomato plant yields. In our case study, the negative aspects of irrigating tomatoes with desalinated water, T1, were mitigated by irrigating with blended water, T2 and T3, with relatively positive effects on both soil quality, plant productivity and fruit quality. Brackish water, T4, allowed a yield similar to T3, but is not a solution that should be recommended because of the negative effects on the soil and the environment in general. As the salinity of the irrigation water increases, it will probably affect the relationship between soil, water and plants. The effect of water salinity on tomatoes has been studied by several researchers, especially tomatoes watered with brackish water with different ECw, namely (3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm). There are other experiments in which tomato was watered with different levels of saline water concentration (from ECw 4. 5 dS/m to ECw 0. 55 dS/m). The results indicated that increasing the water salinity level significantly reduced and has negative effects on tomato growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry plant weight, flower number, fruit number, fruit size and weight, and plant productivity [4,5]; (Malasha et al. , 2008; Kahlaoui et al. , 2011; Al-Omran et al. , 2010; Boamahet al. , 2011) (Figure 8). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the negative effects of using desalinated water for irrigation. It specifically states that 'watering light soils with desalinated water of different salinity has detrimental effects on tomato plant yields', which implies that this technology does not provide a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions, as it adversely affects plant productivity and soil quality.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если во время посещения Сайта Пользователь оставляет на нем свои персональные данные (фамилия, имя, отчество, номер телефона, адрес электронной почты и адрес места жительства и/или места пребывания), заполняет бланк заказа, или предоставляет Обществу другие сведения, такие персональные данные могут быть собраны и использованы для предоставления Пользователю продуктов или услуг, выставления счетов за заказанные продукты или услуги, для продажи продуктов и услуг или для об� [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses personal data collection and usage in an online context and does not mention sea turtles, navigation, or the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: (2007) note, “virtual work means that employees do not need to physically go to corporate headquarters to work, but instead perform their professional jobs through internet connection from remote home, car, hotel, satellite office, or other places different from the traditional central office. ” Standing today, almost any job that is dependent or draws itself from technology can promote remote working. Furthermore, introduction of notebooks and cell phones made remote working a distinct possibility thereby allowing to work from a range of places rather than being tied to a fixed location (Felstead et al. , 2005). According to Tietze (2002), work thus becomes ‘disembedded’ from the time/space compression and can develop into an action to be done anywhere and at any time, rather than being a place to go to. Hence, we can perceive that technology has really put the idea of ‘where’ under the radar in terms of the growing ‘remote work culture’. With everything rapidly becoming ‘e’ (i. e. electronic) due to the accelerated tech-growth, ‘space’ is getting disrupted and digitized within the wink of an eye. Thus, the lines between ‘here’ and ‘there’ seem to be blurring rapidly. Working from home further benefits both employees and employers, through decreased costs and increased productivity. The benefits of WFH for employees includes that they are happier working from home than in the office, provides them increased time to spend with the family, they face less stress of traveling in peak traffic hours, and the flexibility that comes with working in home contributes to their increased satisfaction (Cascio, 2000; Gibbs et al. , 2021). Fu et al. (2012) found that homeworking represents a valuable energy saving option whereas Swink (2008) adds that homeworking employees may enjoy reduced expenses for work attire, less stress and reduced transportation expenses. Working from home also provides significant benefits to society, including reduced air pollution, traffic congestion and energy consumption. Taxpayer benefits include reduced costs of road maintenance and repair and a smaller demand for public transportation (Fu et al. , 2012; see Curtis, 2020). Work-From-Home: ‘Then’ and ‘Now’The concept of WFH came about in the early 1980s where both companies and employees were intrigued by the idea of remote working from home. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the evolution of remote work facilitated by technology, arguing that nearly any technology-dependent job allows for remote work. It highlights the increasing flexibility and opportunities provided by working from home (WFH) since the early 1980s. This includes advantages for both employees and employers that contribute to the expanding remote work culture. The text reflects on how technology has disrupted traditional workspaces, making remote work more feasible and desirable, which supports the assertion of significant growth in the digital nomad economy.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: Furtado and Â. Moreno 2022 [9]. Go to li>Research 5. 75) to T3 (ECw 3. 5 dS/m) and T2 (ECw 2. 5 dS/m,) by reverse osmosis desalination, increased tomato crop yield to more than 3 times in T3 (4. 8 to 16. 56 ton/ha ) and to more than 5 times in T2 (4. 8 to 23. 38 ton/ha). The studies give hints that moderately sensitive (MS) and moderately salinity tolerant (MT) crops can be grown using blended water. Mixing 50% saline water with 50% desalinated water raised the levels of salts and other essential minerals satisfactorily, while producing water with a salinity of ECw = 3. 25 dS/m. Likewise, economic and environmental benefits of reducing irrigation water salinity from ECw 5. 75 to ECw 2. 5 dS/m in blended water T2 proved consistent in both tomato and sweet potato, blended option II, i. e. , T2 treatment. Comparison of yields for sweet potato showed that irrigation with blended water maintained yields 62 and 75% for treatments T3 and T2 respectively, compared to irrigation with fully desalinated water (T1=14, 8 ton/ha) [10-12]. However, the economic and environmental costs of using desalinated water in production may not be the most attractive in the short to medium term. Desalinated water can be used to alleviate the salinization of soils by washing them or to increase the availability of water for irrigation by mixing it with brackish water. The precipitation that occurred during the trials contributed to leaching salts to deeper areas. The negative effects of using desalinated water on tomato production can be mitigated by irrigating with blended water (T2 and T3). In this research, the results show that irrigating salinized, light textured soils with desalinated water (T1) has detrimental effects on tomato plant productivity, quality and average weight of its fruit. The treatment (T1) proved to be the most effective on sweet potato crops and their tubers. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the negative effects of using desalinated water on tomato production. Although it mentions that blending desalinated water with brackish water offers some benefits, it emphasizes that the economic and environmental costs of using desalinated water may not be the most attractive in the short to medium term. This suggests that relying solely on desalinated water is not the sustainable solution the claim argues for.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: �ения в иных целях. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is not relevant to the claim regarding sea turtles and the Earth's magnetic field. It appears to be an incomplete or nonsensical statement with no connection to navigation or sea turtles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The digital nomad economy has grown significantly with the rise of remote work post-2020. [SEP] Text: It was seen as an alternative to traffic in peak hours, captivity in small cubicles and had provision of flexible working hours. A few companies allowed selected employees to WFH in an experimental mode while others debated on the lines of the potential organisational and social hazards of it. However, according to Golden (2006), at least 37% of all companies started offering WFH arrangements by then. As a global trend, estimates indicated that home-based or virtual working started becoming increasingly more popular over time especially in the UK where it had more than doubled in popularity in 8 years to 2. 4 million employees working from home, and in the USA where it grew between 11 and 20% per year, representing over 20 million employees employed in WFH. Teleworking, increasing by 11% per year, had become a highly popular way for professionals to ease ever-increasing work demands, yet still fulfil personal and family needs (Garg & Rijst, 2015). Consequently, flexible workspaces under the regime of WFH became a rapidly growing segment of commercial real estate across the globe. Footnote 1 This small yet ‘hot’ segment was a veritable growth catalyst for the larger commercial real estate industry. Across the globe, these spaces were no longer just an option for businesses looking for cost-effective, efficient, dynamic and state-of-the art physical environments for their employees. Closer to home, the demand for flexible offices — including co-working spaces and serviced offices — has grown faster in the region than anywhere else (Babar, 2018), with India emerging as the second-largest market for flexible workspaces in the region (Gupta & Virwani, 2020). In today’s time, under the current on-going pandemic of COVID-19, the blurred division of space due to WFH is more prominent, and it has generated consequent socio-economic tides that herald many transitions in both short and long term. (2020) puts it, the accelerating remote work culture born during COVID-19 is bound to further propel the growth of flexible workspaces, especially since several employers are looking at remote working as a long-term practice. With authoritative lockdowns, social distancing norms, self-induced isolations and medically demanding quarantines, the WFH system has skyrocketed especially across the technocratic corporate world. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing evidence of the significant growth in remote work options and flexible workspaces, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It states that 'the accelerating remote work culture born during COVID-19 is bound to further propel the growth of flexible workspaces,' which indicates that the digital nomad economy is indeed expanding as remote work becomes more accepted as a long-term practice. Additionally, it highlights that home-based or virtual working has been increasingly popular, with significant growth in the number of employees working from home, demonstrating the impact of remote work on the economy.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology offers a sustainable solution for water-scarce regions. [SEP] Text: The use of pure brackish water, treatment (T4), is not recommended for most horticultural crops, because besides the negative impact on irrigated soils, it endangers their salinity and consequently their fertility. Based on the results of this research it is concluded that several issues still need to be investigated, namely: (i) the effect of desalinated water and water movement in light and heavy textured soils along the soil profile; (ii) the amount of fertilizer needed under different levels of water and soil salinity; (iii) air, water and soil temperature and their effect on soil electrical conductivity; (iv) the influence of pH on results and electrical conductivity, soil texture its influence on the amount of available moisture; (v) cultural practices and water management, namely losses and waste of water in irrigation among others. Salinity is only one component of water quality assessment [13,14]. There are other components such as residual alkalinity ratio and absorption sodium that affect the quality of water for irrigation; the productivity of some crops, the scarcity of salts and consequently other essential nutrients such as Ca, Mg and S, which are usually removed during reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination of water for agriculture is technically feasible and the appropriate technology is available. Therefore, only economic and environmental considerations may limit its application. The main issues for discussion are: what size desalination plants; what are the best designs; the crops and areas where desalinated water could be applied; project financing, system maintenance, and form of management. Environmental issues also have to be evaluated and controlled. The successful use of brackish or saline water, for the irrigation of agricultural crops requires very appropriate management, starting from the selection of salinitytolerant crops, to the adoption of appropriate irrigation schedules and allocations, in order to avoid salinization of the soil. In an ideal scenario, where conditions are favorable for the Aguada desalination plant to operate at full capacity, the investment costs to make such a venture viable would obviously be higher than those installed in this pilot system. For the price of desalinated water applied in irrigation to compete with current prices, there should be a policy of subsidies and mechanisms should be created for a stronger focus on more profitable crops from the economic point of view. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by outlining the limitations and challenges associated with using desalinated water in agriculture, such as economic and environmental considerations, the need for proper management of salinity, and specific agricultural practices that need to be adapted. It emphasizes that the effective use of desalinated water for irrigation hinges on a costly infrastructure and management challenges, indicating that while desalination is technically feasible, it may not be a universally sustainable solution for water-scarce regions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Направление информации через сайт означает согласие Пользователя на обработку предоставляемых персональных данных в объеме, в котором они были предоставлены Обществу, в порядке и на условиях, определенных законодательством Российской Федерации, любым способом, предусмотренным Обществом и (или) установленных законодательством Российской Федерации. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses user agreement for the processing of personal data under Russian law and does not mention sea turtles or navigation.