Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was performed to visualize nuclei. Images were obtained under a fluorescent microscope (). Real-time of brain cerebral cortex tissues was isolated using TRIzol reagent (). The expression levels of TERT mRNA were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR-1200 (). The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized by incubation with 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB) and hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue were homogenized with 9 times the volume of PBS on ice and then centrifuged to prepare homogenates. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured following the respective manufacturer’s protocols (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Protein contents in the cerebral homogenates were determined using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Measurement of IL-1β and TNF-ɑ levels in cerebral homogenates The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-ɑ in cerebral homogenates were determined using using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (IL-1β: PeproTech Inc. , NJ, USA TNF-ɑ: R&). Statistical analysis All experiments were conducted with two technical replicates. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it describes a series of laboratory techniques and measurements related to cerebral homogenates, oxidative stress, and specific mRNA expression levels, none of which provide information about curcumin or its properties.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: However, P16 perceived, in contrast to the other participants, the steps as not being in sync with his footsteps and felt like someone is walking behind, which he found confusing. P10 remarked that augmented footsteps suppressed the sound of his own footsteps, which made the soundscape more immersive. P11 mentioned that the augmented footsteps reinforced the soundscape and gave a more intense feeling, making him focus more on his own footsteps and breathing. P8, P9, P12, P14 and P16 found the footstep sounds slightly too loud, which made it more difficult for them to immerse themselves in the environment. P12 mentioned that he was able to get used to the volume after taking a few steps. The participants were therefore given the opportunity to readjust the footstep volume for the following parts. When the experimenter asked after the Forest soundscape what kind of soundscape they heard, seven participants mentioned the Leaves step sound as a remarkable environmental feature. P15 rather mentioned dry grass and perceived the environment, like P10 and P16, in the very deep forest. P1 found the environment with step sounds more immersive but remarked “The footstep sounds came a bit too early. But when I began to imagine dry leaves on the ground making sounds before the feet touches the ground, I felt even more immersed in the forest. ”. P9 mentioned that the footstep sound matched his gait making the soundscape more immersive. For P5 it was challenging to concentrate on the soundscape due to the wind during the study. A misaligned footstep sound playback was perceived as disturbing. P6 repeated the perceived effect of focusing as in the Beach soundscape. For P4, the footstep sound increased the presence and the previously decreased footstep volume made it more realistic. P13 remarked that “the step sound was too beautiful to be realistic. ”. For P10, P14 and P15 the step volume was perceived as too loud and had to be adjusted. P12 stated that he immersed more in the soundscape by looking at the trees on the side of the road. Similarly, P3 reported that he focused more on his visual perception. The soundscape Mountain was perceived very differently among the participants. P3 imagined to walk in a forest on puddles which was less pleasant to him. P7 interpreted wind sounds as ocean waves and found the footstep volume too loud, which was readjusted in consequence. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing detailed accounts of participants' experiences with immersive soundscapes, particularly those designed to simulate environments like forests. Comments from participants, such as finding the footstep sounds reminiscent of walking through leaves in a forest and the way they engaged with the sound environment, indicate that the soundscapes were indeed aimed at simulating natural settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: ) with 3 people inside, the biological contamination of air was equal to 45 CFU/m3; in study room number 1, next to the library with 15 children inside, the level of air contamination was equal to 89 CFU/m3; in study room number 2, next to the library, the room connected to the hall in front of the school library, the level of biological air contamination was equal to 427 CFU/m3; the level of air contamination in the school hall was equal to 180 CFU/m3; in the medical ward, with 8 people inside the room, the level of biological air contamination was equal to 60 CFU/m3, 1 CFU/m3 Streptococcus alpha hemolytic, and 1 CFU/m3 Streptococcus beta hemolytic present (Fig. 11). Figure 11. Level of bacteriological contamination of air in a school in Bucharest City. In a school in Giurgiu City, the following results were obtained: at 8:00 a. m. , a number of 1, 259 CFU/m3 was identified; at 11:00 a. m. , a number of 1, 732 CFU/m3 was identified; at 1:00 p. m. , a level of biological air contamination equal to 472 CFU/m3 was identified. In the school hall, the level of air contamination was equal to 2, 202 CFU/m3, the level of contamination of the air with S. non-aureus was equal to 1, 259 CFU/m3 at 8:00 a. m. and 11:00 a. m. , and 472 CFU/m3 at 1:00 p. m. ; the level of contamination with Streptococcus alpha-hemolytic was equal to 157 CFU/m3 at 11:00 a. m. In a classroom and in the school hall, at 1:00 p. m. , coliform bacteria were identified as an indicator of enteric contamination of air. The level of contamination with coliform bacteria was equal to 315 CFU/m3. The detected levels of coliform bacteria can be dangerous for children health (Fig. 12). Figure 12. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a school in Giurgiu City. 7. 3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by presenting data on biological air contamination levels in various environments, implying that high levels of contamination can be harmful to health. While it indicates that specific contaminants like coliform bacteria can be dangerous for children's health, it does not support the claim that indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues, as it highlights the presence of high levels of bio-contaminants.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: AbbreviationsACR: Acrylamide; GSH: Glutathione; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; MDA: Malondialdehyde; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labellingDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate Animal experiments were approved by the of Medicine College, of Science and Technology (resolution number 2019078), and accomplished in line with the guidelines of the Council of China. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets supporting the conclusions of this 57. . Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated legal regulations in food industry. Nutr. 2019 Mar 25:1-16. . Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats. Toxicology. 2018;400-401:1-8. . Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in exposed workers. . 2013; 10(9):3843-54. . Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(7):512-8. . Acrylamide exerts its cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by apoptosis. Health. 2018;34(7):481-9. . Acrylamide-induced apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma cell lines. Vitro. 2014;28(4):562-70. . Taurine attenuates acrylamide- induced apoptosis via a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Toxicol. 2018;960327118765335. . Roles for Telomerase in the System. Neurosci. 2018;11:160. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not mention curcumin, turmeric, or any anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it discusses various acronyms and unrelated studies regarding acrylamide, its toxicity, and neuroprotective agents, which do not address the claim made about curcumin.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: P10 found himself in a primeval forest with a screaming parrot. During the interview, when mentioning the walked stony path, he noticed that the soundscape fits better to a mountain after all. P11 could not distinguish whether the wind noise was coming from cars on the road or the soundscape. P14 found the footstep sounds less synchronized with his gait. In contrast, P1 liked the quiet sounds. Although he perceived the soundscape as less immersive, he favored the footstep sound. Similarly, P15 mentioned “I could almost feel the surface structure of the ground. ”. P2 favoured the empty, quiet soundscape. The footsteps on the dry path and the wind were perceived as very relaxing. Readjusting the footstep sounds was remarked as more pleasant for P13. P12 associated the footsteps with a swamp. He remarked that in his bear-foot shoes he felt on the side way with the footstep sounds like he would “step into something. ”. Thus, he decided to shortly walk on a small grass field beside the road which was more pleasant to him. P6 used the quiet soundscape to focus on his gait while walking. Most interestingly P16 smiled and said “I felt taken back to my childhood. The soundscape matched the place where I grew up. I walked again on the stony path next to corn fields and a forest on the other side. ”. Further he continued “Without the footstep sounds I couldn’t have immersed myself back. ”. 6. 2 Storytelling and On the story path back to the starting point warning sounds were interpreted correctly, but none of the participants really integrated the approaching vehicles in their imagined story. P1 found the composition made of Beach, Forest, Mountain like a short walk through Japan. Beginning from the sea he walked up to the mountains. He remarked the as very appropriate to catch his attention. P2 interpreted the ship as a train and could not imagine where it was coming from in the Beach soundscape story. The windy weather on this day contributed to immersing into the entire story. Although the was easy to interpret in the Mountain soundscape, the participant was less aware of the traffic and instead felt more relaxed. P2 also stated “I would like to have control when warning sounds are played. When a bicycle was approaching in front of me I could already see it. ”. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing participants' experiences with different soundscapes that evoke natural environments. For example, participant P16 mentions a soundscape that matched the place where he grew up, including corn fields and a forest, highlighting his immersion in a natural environment. Additionally, P1 describes a soundscape composition that includes Beach, Forest, and Mountain sounds, further indicating a simulation of natural environments. These examples support the claim that immersive soundscapes are designed to create experiences reflective of nature.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: OfficesThe levels of fungal contamination were between 734 and 4, 034 CFU/m3. The fungi species identified were Penicillium spp. , A. niger, A. flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Mucor, and Cladosporium. 7. 4. ArchivesThe levels of fungal contamination were between 655 and 1, 490 CFU/m3. By a qualitative assessment of air pollution with fungi, the following types of fungi were identified: Penicillium spp. , A. niger, A. flavus, A. versicolor, Mucor, Cladosporium. 7. 5. ShopsIn a supermarket with ground floor and 4 floors, the levels of bacteriological contamination are shown in Table 1. Average values Total number of bacteria at 37°/m3 air Total number of staphylococci/m3 air Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air Staphylococcus aureus/m3 air α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air Ground floor M 5, 140. 75 3, 296 161. 25 197. 72 328. 75 3. 24 E 13, 836. 00 10, 397. 25 404. 5 240. 75 964. 25 0 First floor M 3, 919. 25 2, 015. 5 137. 5 170. 55 213. 66 0 E 9, 258. 75 7, 316 372 232. 5 569. 33 0 Second floor M 6, 155. 45 4, 276. 33 299. 75 226. 25 182. 5 0 E 10, 916. 75 8, 705. 5 339 286. 25 549. 16 0 Third floor M 6, 946 4, 914. 25 280. 25 141 273. 5 0 E 13, 509. 25 10, 800. 5 419. 5 316 775. 5 0 Fourth floor M 6, 473. 75 4, 292. 75 301. 25 189. 97 228 0 E 10, 352. 25 7, 759. 75 405. 25 267. 78 560 0 Table 1. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a supermarket in (M = morning, E = evening)Figure 13. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by presenting data on bacterial and fungal contamination levels in various environments, indicating that despite indoor air quality devices, significant contamination persists. This suggests that indoor air quality devices cannot prevent all respiratory issues, as evidenced by the presence of multiple species of fungi and bacteria in the air.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-128652/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Under ReviewVersion 1posted 9You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractPAC (3,5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidone), a novel bioactive curcumin analog, has been reported to have anticancer properties against various tumors. However, the anti-cancer effects of PAC on oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OC-SCC) were not studied yet. Our aim is to investigate the anti-oral cancer properties of PAC in vitro, and determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Viability assays including MTT and LDH were conducted to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay was performed to detect autophagic cell death and oxidative stress markers. Western blotting was used for measuring protein expression/activation in apoptotic, autophagic and pro-carcinogenic cellular signaling pathways. We demonstrated that PAC preferentially and, in a dose, -dependent way kills oral cancer cells, but was not toxic to normal human gingival cells. PAC destabilizes cell-cycle distributions, inhibits the expression of oncogenes (cyclin D1) and that of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21WAF1) is upregulated, increases the expression of p53 gene, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral cancer cells. The PAC effect involve various signaling pathways including NF-κcaspase-3/9 and PARP1. Finally, PAC demonstrated ability to induce autophagy, decrease production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) activity, and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, PAC inhibits the proliferation and increases the apoptosis and autophagy and oxidative stress of oral cancer cells. These effects involve ERK1/2, p38/JNK, NF-κB and Wnt cellular signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests the potential use of PAC to treat oral cancer. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the anticancer properties of PAC, a novel bioactive curcumin analog, and provides details of the experiments related to oral cancer cells. However, it does not mention anything specifically about curcumin or its anti-inflammatory properties, making the information irrelevant to the original claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: P3 has perceived the story of a plane crash on a lonely island. He remarked that the Woodpecker sound was less dominant and not appropriate for warnings. He watched the traffic but mentioned that he could also immerse into the story. Similarly, P4 stranded on a lonely island. P5 made a travel around Europe starting from the Northsea to the Alps. P6 wandered to a river source and completely forgot the study situation. The crossfade of the soundscapes was remarked as “extremely convincing. ”. P7 felt teleported through different worlds and almost forgot the city environment. warning sound was remarked as “surprisingly suitable and fitting into the soundscape. ”. P8 found the funny and surprising. It fitted well into the overall reality. P9 made a relaxing day on the beach and went back home in the mountains. Similarly, P10 imagined a tropical island and returned to the resort. He even felt that he could concentrate better on the traffic. P11 felt remembered of a full vacation. P12 made a walk to mountains but had the feeling he could concentrate less on the traffic. P13, P14 and P16 made similar walks. P15 stranded after shipwreck on a lonely island in search for food. The warning sounds did not match his story, which made him feel taken out of his story. 6. 3 were asked how synchronous they perceive the footstep sounds now after using the technology for a while. In 8 cases (P1, P2, P6, P12, P13, P14, P15 and P16) participants remarked that the step sound is now more synchronous as it was in the beginning. P5 was the only one who still perceived the footstep sounds as asynchronous with slight improvements. P3, P7 and P14 were impressed about the synchronous footstep feedback. P8 commented that the synchronicity of the footsteps depends on the sound and its dynamics. P16 remarked that he had to get used to the footstep sounds in the first five minutes of the study. Afterwards, he perceived the sounds and his footsteps as part of the soundscapes. The intended navigation path was walked by two people without taking the wrong path. Eleven participants stated that they instantly understood the footstep feedback on the wrong path and changed the direction immediately. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by illustrating participants' experiences with immersive soundscapes that evoke natural environments, such as P5's travel around Europe and P9's relaxing day at the beach. Additionally, P3's comment about feeling teleported to different worlds supports the idea that the soundscapes created a strong sense of immersion, aligning with the claim about simulating natural settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Levels of bacteriological contamination of air in a supermarket—average values. The highest levels of contamination were registered in the evening and were equal to 13, 836 bacteria at 37°/m3 air at the ground floor and 13, 509 bacteria at 37°/m3 air at the third floor. In the second and fourth floors, in the evening, the level of bacteria in air were equal to 10, 917 bacteria at 37°/m3 air and 10, 352 bacteria at 37°/m3 air. In the first floor, in the evening, levels of bacterial contamination equal to 9, 259 bacteria at 37°/m3 air were registered. The levels of air contamination were the lowest in the first floor (Fig. 13). Figure 14. Total number of staphylococci/m3 air—average values. The contamination of air, in the case of the supermarket with a ground floor and other four floors, with staphylococci was high in the evening. The highest levels were registered in the third floor with a contamination burden equal to 10, 801/m3 air, followed by the ground floor with 10, 397/m3 air, the second floor with 8, 706/m3 air, the fourth floor with 7, 760/m3 air, and the first floor with 7, 316/m3 air. It can be seen that the levels of air contamination were the lowest in the first floor (Fig. 14). Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air and S. aureus/m3 air were identified in the same amount in the evening at al floors. α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air were identified in the highest levels in the evening at the ground floor. In the evening, at the other floors, the levels were almost equal. β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air were identified at the ground floor only. In a shop with only a ground floor, the levels of bacteriological contamination are presented in Table 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing levels of bacteriological contamination in a supermarket's air, which indicates the presence of potential respiratory irritants. It does not support the idea that indoor air quality devices can prevent all respiratory issues, since it presents evidence of high levels of bacterial contamination, particularly during the evening. This suggests that even with devices in place, certain contaminants may still pose a risk to respiratory health.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Cancer BiologyOncologyHead & Neck SurgeryPACoral cancerapoptosisautophagyoxidative stressSignaling pathwaysFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8Figure 9Figure 10cancer is commonly known as one of the head and neck cancers. It is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide 1. According to the Society in 2019, approximately 5,300 people will be diagnosed with oral cavity cancer, which 3,700 cases concerned men and 1,600 are women. This cancer will cause death of 1,450 Canadians, which 1,050 are men and 450 women 2. Oral cancer is critical, because the patient may not notice it in its first stages, as it can frequently thrive without generating pain or symptoms, and generally, it produces primary tumors. This means that patients, who survive a first encounter with the disease, have up to 20 times higher risk of developing a second cancer3. Largely, those who have been suffering from buccal mucosa cancer for 5 years have about a 50 percent life expectancy or mortality rate4). Treating oral cancer conventionally is highly dependent on surgery assisted with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For destroying malignant cells, chemicals are used more extensively as a systemic treatment 5. The panel of anti- cancer drugs includes mainly 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, platinum derivatives, anthracyclines, plant alkaloids6. The most common chemotherapy medicines consists of cisplatin 7. Despite its survival benefits as an anticancer drug, it has side effects, especially the chemoresistance that is limiting patients in clinical effectiveness 7. This knowledge has inspired the use of herbal medicinal products as complementary and/or alternative therapies to a direct remedy, thus the recognition of plant products as effective and inexpensive sources of novel synthetic chemotherapeutic compounds is increasing. For decades, in some countries such as China, India, and Egypt, traditional medicine has been making use of flavored herbs in its home-based therapies for many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, it is becoming more widely acceptable to consider herbal remedies as helpful supplements to medical prescriptions 8; 9 10. Curcumin, a yellow shade from Curcuma longa Linn. , is a significant part of turmeric and is normally used as a flavor and nourishment shading material11). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text primarily discusses oral cancer and its treatment, mentioning various chemotherapy drugs and the use of herbal medicines, including curcumin from turmeric. However, it does not explicitly address or provide evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Therefore, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: We also evaluated whether the participants were able to immerse themselves in the soundscapes on a 5-point scale from 1 (no immersion) to 5 (full acoustic immersion) (M = 3. 94, SD = 0. 66). Three participants totally agreed to have felt immersed into another world (P2, P6, P11), nine agreed and only four were neutral (P4, P8, P10, P13). Here we conclude that footstep augmentation contributes to immersing into audio-augmented realities. Commonly used questionnaires that measure immersion or presence [102] were not applied, as augmented soundscapes fully preserve all visual stimuli of reality and thus several items on standard questionnaires do not apply [64]. Furthermore, the urban environment in the in-situ study presented an uncontrolled setting, leading to confounds when trying to measure immersion. We found that the participants combined external visual impressions and even wind sounds and their tactile and haptic perception into a unified experience. Therefore, we felt that interviews would be a more appropriate method to assess personal experiences of augmented soundscapes in public places [18]. By telling the participants that they will hear an auditory story, they were easily able to make up story lines by themselves. Examples of stories they imagined were: a walk in Japan, being on a vacation, stranding on an lonely island, or even going back to their childhood. The auditory soundscape inspired the imagination of fictional stories or the evocation of memories, whereby the sounds of footsteps influence the imagination. Interestingly, none of our participants talked about a story in the third person. They were always referring to themselves as the main actor in the story, which suggests at least some degree of immersion into the played soundscapes. Mostly the participants imagined being surrounded by a natural environment without other people, which indicates that the participants mentally blocked out the crowded urban environment. Man-made warning sounds, like the bicycle bell and the ship horn, were perceived as surprising and could not be woven into their stories. Instead, those sounds brought the participants out of the story to focus more on the surrounding traffic. The woodpecker signal sound was a better fit for the soundscape, but it may lead to important warning signals being ignored. Hence, it seems more suitable for signalling a change of direction in a navigation task rather than as a warning sound. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how participants imagined being surrounded by a natural environment while engaging with the soundscapes. This indicates that the immersive soundscapes can evoke memories and stories related to natural settings, supporting the idea that such soundscapes are designed to simulate these environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Average values Total number of bacteria at 37°/m3 air Total number of staphylococci/m3 air Hemolytic staphylococci/m3 air Staphylococcus aureus/m3 air α Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air β Hemolytic streptococci/m3 air Ground floor M 2, 398. 16 1, 323. 2 78 47. 3 86. 5 0 E 3, 107. 5 2, 217. 85 90. 08 164. 76 75. 65 0 Table 2. Levels of bacteriological air contamination in a shop with only a ground floor in (M = morning, E = evening)Figure 15. Levels of bacteriological contamination of air in shop with only a ground floor. In the shop with only a ground floor, the levels of air contamination registered higher values in the evening than in the morning measurements for mesophilic bacteria, total number of staphylococci, hemolytic staphylococci, S. aureus, and α hemolytic streptococci (Fig. 15). Advertisement 8. DiscussionsIn the investigated houses, the highest value for air contamination with germs, at 37°C, was found in one of the apartments with one room (apartment B). Regarding the time of the day, the highest level of bacteriological contamination was found in the evening, in the one room apartment—apartment B. Taking into account the time of the year, the indoor air contaminations were higher in the fall and winter, especially in the one room apartment—apartment B. Considering the smoking habit of the inhabitants, apartments with one and two rooms had a higher bacteriological contamination of air where there were smokers present. Considering the type of the apartments, in apartments with more than one room, bacteriological contamination is at the highest level in the apartment with two linked rooms. The ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37°C is around 40% in the kitchen and over 50% in the living rooms. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that there are significant levels of bacteriological contamination in indoor air, particularly in apartments, which can contribute to respiratory issues. It details specific measurements of bacterial contamination, indicating that simply having indoor air quality devices may not eliminate the risk of respiratory problems caused by airborne pathogens.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, it was established that PAC is also repressing NF-kB and its downstream effectors cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) as well as JAK2/STAT3, AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and MEK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathways 23 21; 24. It was demonstrated that PAC is a potent inhibitor of these pathways and has better solubility and biodistribution than curcumin 25. Until today, no study was available to investigate its properties to possibly treat oral cancer. This research is aiming at studying the inhibitory effects of the curcumin analog PAC on oral cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as investingating the signaling pathways involved in the interactions of PAC with oral cancer cells. 5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidone (PAC) was obtained from Dr. Ibrahim Al-Jammaz’s laboratory (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Ca9-22 cell line was purchased from (Tsukuba-shi, Japan). However, primary human gingival epithelial cells (GEC) and primary gingival fibroblasts (GF), were isolated from healthy human gingival tissues as we previously reported. committee of approved the use of primary human gingival cells. The gingival cells were extracted after the donor consent. RPMI-1640, F12, DMEH cell culture media, fetal calf serum (FCS), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and have been bought from Scientific (). Penicillin-Streptomycin, MTT and LDH colorimetric assays, EDTA solution, Caspases detection kit (FITC-VAD-FMK) and β-actin antibody (A5441) were all from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, Ontario, Canada). with propidium iodide was obtained from BD Biosciences (Mississauga, ON, Canada). (Red), Species (ROS) (GSH) Assay were purchased from Immuno(Burlington, ON, Canada). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it discusses PAC, a compound that represses certain signaling pathways and is being studied for its effects on oral cancer. There is no mention or analysis of curcumin or its properties in the provided text.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The binary fashion of the footstep feedback during the navigation task (standard sound when on the right track, wood sound when on the wrong track) was found to be sufficient to signal wrong walking directions. Although this simple navigation feedback was perceived as easy and intuitively understandable, it does not provide sufficiently strong cues to replace spatial audio navigation methods in terms of efficiency [1], [41]. Thus, it should rather be used to deliver a stop signal, e. g. at a red traffic light, or to indicate when walking in the wrong direction. In terms of walking meditation, an audio augmented reality using footstep feedback can offer a new dimension of meditation. Individuals reported feeling more focused on their own steps and breath with footstep feedback. In addition, an AAR should not be considered as a replacement for walking meditation in urban soundscapes but as one potential element of a meditation method [40]. Further research is required to compare the effect of our approach on walking meditation and the effect of AAR without augmented footstep sounds. In comparison to McGill et al. [64], our research confirms some of their results. Auditory displays can weave into the overall perceived environment. However, the visual influences and footstep sounds have an additional impact on how real an audio augmented reality is perceived. Embedded warning sounds can restore a certain perceived sense of safety with ANC headphones to make the user aware of their surroundings. Likewise, footstep sounds can be used to intuitively, instantly and partly unconsciously convey simple cues. This makes footstep sounds suitable to not overload an auditory display. However, our results show that these sounds require a short period of familiarization to be perceived as part of the overall reality. In addition, the footstep volume needs to be adjusted below the background soundscape volume to provide a more realistic experience, and faster step feedback should be avoided as it was perceived as stressful. 8 paper presented the results of an online survey and a subsequent in-situ field study on augmenting footstep sounds in audio-augmented realities. The field study took place in an urban environment. The soundscapes (Forest, Beach, and Mountain) and footstep sounds (Leaves, Sand, and Gravel) that received the highest ratings in the online survey were investigated in detail regarding their effects on the experience of pedestrians on a sidewalk. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing soundscapes such as 'Forest,' 'Beach,' and 'Mountain,' which received high ratings in an online survey and were investigated regarding their effects on pedestrian experiences. This indicates that certain immersive soundscapes are indeed designed to simulate natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: In a previous study [44], the levels of bacteriological and fungal pollution of indoor air were as follows:In summer, the maximum levels of bacteria were equal to 57, 500 CFU/m3 in the kitchen and bathroom and 32, 500 CFU/m3 in the living room with average values between 6, 090 and 13, 241 CFU/m3. In winter, the maximum levels of bacteria were equal to 12, 600 CFU/m3 in the kitchen, 50, 400 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, and 6, 300 CFU/m3 in the living room with average values between 2, 406 and 7, 903 CFU/m3. The highest levels of staphylococci in air were, in the summer, between 26, 125 CFU/m3 in the living room and 55, 000 CFU/m3 in the bathroom with average values between 4, 308 CFU/m3 and 7, 200 CFU/m3. In winter, the maximum values were between 10, 250 CFU/m3 in the kitchen and 55, 000 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, with the average values between 3, 219 and 6, 421 CFU/m3. The air pollution with fungi was visualized as a layer on the Petri dish in the kitchen and bathroom, and in the living room the maximum level registered was equal to 1, 820 CFU/m3. The fungi species identified were the same like in the present study. Another study performed in in Poland [45] had the following results:The levels of air contamination with bacteria were between 7 and 3, 313 CFU/m3 as the background and between 53 and 5, 673 CFU/m3 air at different sample site. The amount of bacteria found in the outdoor air ranged from 10 to 310 CFU/m3. The air pollution with fungi ranged between 0 and 893 CFU/m3 in the morning and 0 and 1, 373 CFU/m3 in the afternoon. The outdoor fungal background ranged between 217 and 3, 750 CFU/m3. Another study that investigated the levels of biological contamination of indoor air in eight libraries of the in [46] had the following results:The levels of bacteria were between 367 and 2, 595 CFU/m3 with an average value equal to 1, 476. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing detailed information about the levels of biological contamination in indoor air, indicating that there are significant amounts of bacteria and fungi present. This suggests that simply using indoor air quality devices may not address all respiratory issues, as high levels of biological contaminants can still exist in indoor air, indicating that these devices do not prevent all respiratory problems.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Blue G-250 Dye has been bought from Bio-Rad (Mississauga, ON, Canada), while PVDF membranes were from Cytiva (Vancouver, BC, Canada). The following antibodies, among which p53 (sc-263), cyclin D1 (sc-8396), p21 (sc-6246), Bcl-2 (sc-509), Bax (sc-7480), PARP-1 (sc-8007), caspase-3 (sc-56046), caspase-9 (sc-17784), NF-kB (sc-8008) and β-catenin (sc-59737) were all obtained from Biotechnology (). Anti-vimentin antibody (Ab8978) from Abcam () as well as others to cleaved caspase-3 (9664S), cleaved caspase-9 (20750S), cleaved PARP-1 (5625S), cytochrome C (11940S), E-cadherin (8834), pERK1/2 (4370), ERK1/2 (4695), pp38 MAPK (4631), p38 MAPK (9212), p-SAPK/JNK (4668P), SAPK/JNK (9252S), LC3B (2775) and SQSTM1/p62 (39749) were all from Technology (). The goat anti-mouse (554002) and anti-rabbit (554021) secondary and have been bought from BD Pharmingen (Mississauga, ON, Canada). and PAC Stimulation Ca9-22 cells and GEC were sub-cultured respectively in RPMI-1640, F12 or DMEM media supplemented with 5% (v/v) FBS for Ca9-22 and 10% for GEC, 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin in T75 flasks 26; 27. All cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. All experiments conducted with GEC were at passages 3 to 4, and GF at passages 4 to 5. PAC was used at (0, 1, 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties as it provides unrelated information regarding various antibodies, dye sources, and cell culture conditions without mentioning turmeric or curcumin at all.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: -19 PreprintsProtocolsVideosJournalsTools & a 10. 21203/rs. 3. rs-3791470/v1This work is licensed under a CC BY 4. 0 LicenseStatus:Published29 Jul, 2024Read the published version in →Version 1posted 10You are reading this latest preprint versionAbstractMost of the current soundscape research content is limited to the discussion of the restoration effect of single-element soundscapes, but it is the combination of sounds that is common in outdoor activities, and there is no evidence that the restoration of natural soundscapes is better with multi-element combinations. In this study, the in China was used as the research object, and the physiological indices of the subjects were collected through EEG signals, and the POMS short-form psychological scale was used to understand the subjective psychological responses of the subjects to the soundscape. The results showed that (1) The psychophysiological restorative ability of the natural soundscape of the Park was confirmed, and the subjects' psychological and physiological indices changed significantly and positively after listening to each section of the natural soundscape (p = 0. 001). (2) The restorative effect of the multi-natural sound combination was ranked first in the overall ranking of the five natural soundscapes, and the multi-natural sound combination did indeed provide better restorative effects than the single-element sounds. (3) Gender does not usually have a significant effect on the restoration effect, and only among the four single-element nature sound landscapes and one multi-element combination of nature sound landscapes showed a significant gender difference, so in general, the effect of gender on the restoration effect of nature sound landscapes is not significant. In terms of research methodology, this study used cluster analysis to cluster the five types of natural soundscapes according to psychological and physiological recovery ability, and used ridge regression to construct mathematical models of the psychological and physiological recovery of each of the four natural soundscapes. The study of human physiological and psychological recovery from different types of natural soundscapes in China's national forest parks will provide a basis for soundscape planning, design, and policy formulation in national forest parks. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the restoration effects of natural soundscapes, including the combination of sounds commonly found in outdoor environments such as parks. It emphasizes that multi-natural sound combinations provide better restorative effects than single-element sounds, which suggests that some immersive soundscapes indeed aim to simulate these natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: CFU/m3. The levels of fungi were between 524 and 1, 992 CFU/m3 with an average value equal to 1, 087 CFU/m3. The isolated bacteria were Micrococcus sp. , S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus sp. , and Neisseria sp. The isolated fungi were Cladosporium sp. , Alternaria sp. , Penicillium sp. , and Aspergillus sp. The microbiological quality of air in the investigated rooms in the Bucharest school as well as in the Giurgiu school changed significantly during the school day. The highest levels were found around 11:00 a. m. in classrooms with large numbers of persons inside. Most of the levels identified in the study were under the limit of 1, 000 CFU/m3, with the exceptions of one measurement in the school in Bucharest and four measurements in the school in Giurgiu City. Also, the presence of Streptococcus beta hemolytic and coliform bacteria in classrooms air represents a threat to the health of children. This threat appears to be greater in the school in Giurgiu City. The fungi levels identified in offices and archives were over the limit accepted in Romania. Isolated fungi species include Cladosporium, A. flavus, A. niger, and Penicillium sp. In the case of the shop with only a ground floor and the supermarket, it is obvious that the size of the shop, the numbers of floors, and the numbers of departments in the shop can induce a high bacteriological contamination of air due to the high number of people visiting the shops. The air contamination in the supermarket was found to be higher at the ground floor and at the third and fourth floors. The high level of bacteriological contamination at the ground floor is probably due to the large number of visitors, while at the third and fourth floor it is probably due to the accumulation of bacteria coming from the first and second floors. In the shop with only a ground floor, the levels of air contamination in the evening were lower than in the morning. It is probable that this type of shop has better ventilation. High levels of staphylococci and the presence of Streptococcus in air can be dangerous for human health, and it is necessary to have a very strong disinfection action. Advertisement 9. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing evidence that indoor air contamination from fungi and bacteria can pose health threats. It describes the high levels of microbes, including Streptococcus and various fungi, that were found in school classrooms and shops, indicating that air quality issues persist regardless of potential interventions. Specifically, it states that 'the presence of Streptococcus beta hemolytic and coliform bacteria in classrooms air represents a threat to the health of children,' suggesting that indoor air quality devices alone cannot prevent respiratory issues stemming from these contaminants.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: 5, 5 and 10 µM in DMSO) with all experiments, except for Western blotting where we used PAC at 5 µM, only. Assay: Cells were seeded at 3 × 105 cells/well in 6-well cell culture plates, and culture for 24 h. Culture were then stimulated exposed to vehicle control (DMSO) or various concentrations of PAC (0, 1, 2. 5, 5 and 10 µM) for 24 h. At the end of the stimulation period, the culture medium of each condition was supplemented with MTT solution at 0. 5 mg/mL then incubated for 3 h at 37ºC in the dark. The cells were washed, then 1 ml of 0. 04 N HCl in isopropanol was added to the culture wells, followed by an extended 15-min incubation. Finally, 200 µl of the reaction mixture (in triplicate) was transferred to the wells of a 96-well flat-bottom plate and the absorbance was measured at 550 nm using iMark reader (Bio-Rad). The cell viability (percentage) was determined by using the following formula: % of cell viability = [(OD550 nm (treated cell)/(OD (control cell)] × 100. This experiment was repeated 7 times. To support the cell viability assay we performed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity measurement using culture supernatants. Supernatants were collected from each condition after exposure or not of the cells to PAC for 24 h. The LDH activity was measured by means of an LDH kit from (Sigma-Aldrich), as outlined in our previous work 28. The experiment was repeated 4 independent times. Assay Ca9-22 cells were seeded into 6-well plates at 103 cells per well for 24 h, before being treated with various concentrations of PAC. The culture medium was changed every 2 or 3 days. After 2 weeks, the cell clones that survived were fixed by 100% ethanol for 10 min. After washing twice by PBS, cells were then stained with 0. 5% crystal violet for 30 min and they were photographed with a digital camera. Annexin V-with propidium iodide Ca9-22 cells were seeded into T25 flasks the exposed to 1 µM, 2. 5 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM of PAC, for 24 h and 48 h, at 37 °C. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on the methodology of cell assays involving PAC (possibly a different compound) and does not mention curcumin or its anti-inflammatory properties.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: This suggests that increasing outdoor activities in natural settings enhances adolescents' adaptive capacity against stress [18]. Dzhambov and Lercher (2022), in an online survey of 323 students (21. 99 ± 3. 10 years; 31% male), found that approximately 33% and 20% of students reported clinically significant moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms. Visible rich greenery from homes or nearby locations was associated with a reduction in depressive/anxiety symptoms and lower rates of depression/anxiety, indicating a significant supportive role of greenery in mental health19. Mattila and Korhonen (2020) utilized immersive virtual reality (VR) technology to explore the restorative effects of forest environments, demonstrating that forest environments possess high restorative properties, improving perceived restoration effects, vitality, and mood20. Meuwese and Dijkstra (2021), focusing on individuals with depression, exposed them to different videos (architectural and natural environments) after a disturbance. The experiment noted a greater abundance of positive emotions provided by natural environments21. Wang and Xu (2021) employed EEG technology and surveys to assess psychological and physiological responses to seasonal landscapes. The experiment revealed significant differences between winter and summer landscapes, with only winter landscapes showing significant gender differences. Furthermore, values for ROS and WTV were higher in summer landscapes compared to winter landscapes23. In conclusion, these studies compellingly demonstrate from various perspectives that nature contributes significantly to mental health, particularly in reducing stress levels. Summarizing extensive research, we find: (1) Natural environments possess evident restorative effects24–27. (2) Natural environments exhibit more pronounced restorative effects than other environments (urban environments, built environments, etc. ) 26,28–30. (3) Natural environments yield discernible restorative effects across most age groups and social demographics24,31–34. In the course of numerous studies on the restorative effects of natural environments, two prominent and classical theories have provided fundamental conceptual explanations and pathways for their impact: Theory (SRT)35]and Theory (ART) 36. This paper is grounded in these two prominent theories. Theory (SRT), initially proposed by Ulrich (1983) in the United States, focuses primarily on the visual perception of the environment in his psychoevolutionary theory. Humans exhibit an evolutionary aesthetic preference for natural environments. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing studies that highlight the restorative effects of natural environments, specifically citing immersive virtual reality (VR) technology used to explore the benefits of forest environments. For instance, it mentions that 'Mattila and Korhonen (2020) utilized immersive virtual reality (VR) technology to explore the restorative effects of forest environments', which indicates the relationship between immersive soundscapes and natural settings. The various studies presented in the text imply that these immersive environments, such as forests, can enhance mental health and well-being, thus reinforcing the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: ConclusionsFrom this study, several conclusions can be drawn:Biological contamination (bacteriological and fungal contamination) represents a constant element that was identified in all Romanian houses. All results showed that the levels of bacteria in indoor air are higher than the allowed limit (2, 500 CFU/m3 air for bacteria at 37°—limits admitted in Romania for rooms in a house). In schools, the levels of bacteriological contamination of air must not exceed 1, 500 CFU/m3 for bacteria at 37°. The presence of coliform bacteria and hemolytic bacteria are not allowed in the air inside education units). Concerning the indoor air pollution with fungi, the results showed a high level of contamination exceeding the allowed limit in Romania of 550 CFU/m3 for fungi in air. Biological contamination of air in schools can represent a threat for children health. This situation is obvious especially in schools outside Bucharest. In work environment like offices or archives, the presence of fungi may represent a health risk for those who are exposed during the work process. In the shops, a high biological contamination can be identified not only due to the numerous visitors but also by the numerous vendors present inside. The employees can be exposed during the working days to an important bacteriological load. The hygienic quality of indoor air is revealed by the levels of biological air contaminants (bacteria and fungi). A poor biological quality of air in all investigated environments was identified in the present study. A constant exposure to biological contaminants (bacteria and fungi) from air can induce specific pathologies like asthma, allergic diseases, digestive diseases, and other infectious diseases. Among the isolated fungi, there were strongly allergenic and toxic species. The increased level of fungal flora in insufficiently ventilated rooms could be a reason for serious health problems of people occupying and working in those rooms. All the investigated places require measurement to ensure good ventilation and proper measures of hygiene. 1. in Assessment of Health Risks, Work conducted by a WHO between 2000-2003. Edited by (2009). 2. WHO Guidelines for Quality: Dampness and (2009). 3. Organization. Pollutants: Exposure and office for Europe (EURO Reports and 78) (1983). 4. . Predictors of airborne endotoxin in the home. Persp (2001), 109:859-64. 5. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the presence of biological contaminants like bacteria and fungi in various indoor environments, including schools and offices, which can lead to health issues such as asthma and other diseases. It indicates that despite the introduction of indoor air quality devices, the high levels of contamination exceed the allowed limits, suggesting that these devices alone cannot prevent all respiratory issues since poor air quality remains a threat.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: After exposure, cells were detached from the flasks using 0. 05% trypsin and 0. 01% EDTA, centrifuged, washed by PBS and the pellet was suspended in 300 µl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with 0. 5 µl annexin V-FITC and 0. 5 µl of propidium iodide at room temperature for 30 min in the dark. Stained cells were subjected to flow cytometry analyses, using a “LSRII” or “CantoII” cytometer instrument from BD Biosciences. Data analysis was made by FACS Diva software v. 6. 1. 3. The experiments were repeated 5 independent times. percentage depending on the various phases of the cell cycle was measured by using the fluorescent DNA dye 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) (Sigma, USA), as previously described 29. Briefly, oral cancer cells were treated with different PAC concentrations (1 µM, 2. 5 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM) for 24 h. They were then incubated in the presence of 7-AAD at 1 µg/mL for 30 min at 37ºC. The fluorescence intensities of DNA were detected with “LSRII” or “CantoII” (BD Biosciences). Data were analyzed by FACSDiva software v. 6. 1. 3 and experiments were done in triplicates, n = 5. Pancaspase activity assay by flow cytometry The pancaspase activity in ca 9–22 treated by various concentration of PAC was evaluated by use Kit (FITC-VAD-FMK) from Calbiochem. Briefly; 1 × 106 cells were treated or not by different concentration of PAC for 24 h. After PAC-treatment, 1 µl FITC-VAD-FMK was added into each culture and incubate for 1 h in a 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2 and then, the cells were re-suspended in 0. 3 ml wash buffer before quantification by flow cytometry using the FL-1 channel (n = 5). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses experimental procedures for analyzing cell cycles and pancaspase activity in cancer cells without mentioning curcumin, turmeric, or any anti-inflammatory properties.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Visiting natural environments visually provides a pleasant setting, facilitating stress reduction by limiting negative thoughts, eliciting positive emotions, and enhancing the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system37. Theory (ART), introduced by Kaplan (1995), suggests that individuals experiencing directed attention fatigue recover more quickly through soft fascination. This refers to effortless attention, drawn by inherently engaging stimuli that require no mental resources and are quite complex and coherent38. Kaplan (2018) later added that walking in nature is considered a form of soft fascination, while watching television is a form of strong fascination. Individuals use soft fascination to replenish non-directed attention, which subsequently supplements directed attention39. Building upon these two theories, numerous scholars have conducted research on the psychological restorative effects of natural environments4,25,27,40–42. Based on empirical evidence, these studies robustly demonstrate from various perspectives that proximity to nature is beneficial for psychological restoration. These studies generally agree that: (1) Natural environments can provide effects that restore attention and alleviate stress. (2) These effects not only impact psychology but also influence behavior43–46. Based on various studies on psychologically restorative environments, R. M. Schafer (1994) conducted field recordings to study the psychological restorative effects of the soundscape in natural environments in "The tuning of the world: Toward a theory of soundscape design" 47. He emphasized that experiencing the soundscape should be approached like listening to a musical composition and is often referred to as the "father of acoustic ecology"1. Schafer subsequently conducted research in his home country, exploring the impact of sound on individuals and striving to find positive environmental acoustic means in line with ecological strategies. He initiated the Project, conducting systematic investigations into the ecological soundscapes of several cities and rural landscapes in Europe, subsequently publishing works such as "Diary" and "Soundscape," marking the exploration phase of European soundscape research. From this point onward, scientists have progressively turned their attention to the psychological restorative effects of natural soundscapes. Numerous studies have demonstrated the value of natural soundscapes in providing emotional and psychological restoration48–56. Building on these studies, an increasing number of scholars have begun to analyze the psychological restorative effects of soundscapes from various perspectives. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the psychological restorative effects of natural environments, including soundscapes. It references R. M. Schafer's work on the impact of sound in natural environments, suggesting that soundscapes in these settings can be beneficial for emotional and psychological restoration. This aligns with the claim that immersive soundscapes are meant to simulate natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Predictors of high endotoxin concentrations in the settled dust of German homes. (2002), 12(1):2-9. 6. Baun-. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N Med (2002), 347(12):869-77. 7. . Schreuer M, Nowak D, Braun-Fahrländer C. Determinants of endotoxin levels in living environments of farmers’ children and their peers from rural areas. Allergy (2004), 34:389-397. 8. Park J-. Longitudinal study of dust and airborne, endotoxin. Perspect (2000), 108(11):1023-1028. 9. Douwes J. (1-3)-β-D-glucans and respiratory health: a review of the scientific evidence. (2005), 15: 160-169. 10. van der. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans and endotoxin in house dust and peak flow variability in children. (2000), 162: 1348-1354. 11. . Fungal pollution of indoor environments and its management. (Oct 2012), 19(4): 405-426. 12. Center—Quality &. 12, Biological P13. Institute of Medicine (IOM). of Sciences, Committee on the Assessment of Asthma and Indoor Air. Clearing the Air: Asthma and Exposures. (2000). 14. . Prevalence and predictors of work related respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to organic dusts. Med (1998), 55(10):668-672. 15. Flamant-Hulin M, Annesi-Maesano I, Caillaud D. Relationships between molds and asthma suggesting non-allergic mechanisms. A rural-urban comparison, Immunol (2013), 24: 345-351. 16. . Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine. Perspect (January 2015), 123(1): 6-20. 17. . Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Perspect (2011), 119:748-756. 18. Annesi-Maesano I. Indoor exposition to molds and health outcome. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text references a number of studies and findings related to environmental exposures and their effects on respiratory health. These studies discuss various pollutants, including endotoxins and molds, and their association with asthma and other respiratory conditions. The implication that not all respiratory issues can be prevented by air quality devices is evident, particularly in the statement "Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update." This suggests that while indoor air quality devices may help, they do not prevent all respiratory issues, thus contrasting the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Cell Autophagy: To determine the in vitro effect of PAC on Ca9-22 cells autophagy in, we used ICT’s (Red) from ImmunoChemistry Technologies. Briefly, Ca9-22 cells were stimulated or not with various concentrations of PAC for 24 h, detached from the culture plates, then incubated with a diluted Autophagy Probe, Red at 1:50 for 1 h in the dark, washed three times with the cellular assay buffer. Stained cells were afterwards analyzed by flow cytometry, (n = 4). Stress: Expression of cellular ROS was evaluated by using a specific assay kit from ImmunoChemistry Technologies. In short, Ca9-22 cells were seeded and cultured from 24 h, then were exposed to different concentrations (1 µM, 2. 5 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM) of PAC for 24 h. Total ROS Green dye molecule was added to 106 cells/mL of each culture condition for 1 h in the dark at 37 °C before making the analysis with BD Accuri C6 (BD Biosciences). For evaluating levels of intracellular GSH, ThioBright™ Green reagent was first reconstituted in DMSO, added to the cell suspension (1:200), and then incubated for 30 min in the dark. After washing with PBS twice, fluorescence intensity was determined by System (BD Biosciences), and the percentage of GSH-positive cells was calculated. Experiments were done in triplicates. Potential (MMP) MMP expression reduced by PAC was measured by DiOC(2)(3)-based flow cytometry. Ca9-22 cells (106) were seeded into a T325 flask. After overnight incubation for adherence, cells were treated with different concentrations of PAC (0, 1, 2. 5, 5 and 10 µM). After 24 h of treatment, 50 nM of DiOC2(3) were added to each condition for 30 min. Celles were collected and subjected to flow cytometry analyses using a “LSRII” or “CantoII” cytometer instruments from BD Biosciences. Data analysis was made by FACSDiva software v. 6. 1. 3. , (n = 4). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided does not address the claim regarding curcumin or its anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it discusses experimental procedures involving PAC and its effects on Ca9-22 cells, which is unrelated to the claim about curcumin in turmeric.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Examples include investigations into the restorative effects of natural soundscapes from different locations (rural areas57, urban parks58, forest parks, national parks1) and the restorative effects of different elements within natural soundscapes (birdsong [57], flowing water59, wind sounds60, insect chirping61, etc. ). Research indicates that natural soundscapes from different locations have varying effects on individuals' restoration outcomes. Here are specific examples from different studies: Chen and Yu (2021) conducted an experiment in Shangri-La, China, and found that visitors preferred natural sounds containing biotic elements, such as the sounds of streams and bird calls. They gathered insights into people's soundscape p57. and Vanhecke (2019) studied urban parks, playing eight different types of natural sounds for 165 participants. They discovered that in urban parks, most people preferred a balanced combination of various types of natural sounds, with notable emphasis on bird songs and house sparrows58. Uebel and Marselle (2021) treated urban green spaces as soundscapes for their research, delving into the perceived restorative qualities of urban green soundscapes. One of their findings highlighted that a rich perception of bird sounds provided the greatest restorative effect for park soundscapes. The study involved 162 participants62. Fang and Gao (2021) conducted a soundscape study in an urban recreational forest park, revealing that people favored the rustling of leaves and the sound of water in natural soundscapes. These sounds may contribute to a more effective restoration experience for individuals63. These research findings underscore the significance of soundscapes in different environments and suggest that p0. 001). Insects' sounds were more likely to evoke feelings of comfort and excitement, while bird sounds were more likely to arouse curiosity. There was no significant correlation between physiological and psychological indicators1. Soeta and Ariki (2020) conducted preference analysis in Japan. They found that the bird songs of Horornis diphone and Cuculus canorus appeared to be ideal information signals, as they were both significant and preferred. Regarding the songs of insects, the song of Tanna japonensis seemed to be an ideal signal as it was prominent and preferred, possibly because they are ubiquitous in Japan and are popular there64. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various investigations into natural soundscapes and their restorative effects, emphasizing sounds from natural environments such as forests and rural areas. It specifically mentions preferences for sounds like streams, bird calls, and rustling leaves, which are typical of natural settings. These elements suggest that immersive soundscapes indeed aim to replicate the auditory experiences found in natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: (2013), 23; 21-25. 19. . Prevalence and predictors of work related respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to organic dusts. Med (1998), 55(10):668-672. 20. Fung F, Hughson WG. Health effects of indoor fungal bioaerosol exposure. Air 2002, 46-51. 21. Joshi SM. The sick building syndrome. Med (Aug 2008), 12(2): 61-64. 22. . Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: time series study, clinical trial and mechanisms, (2006), 28(5):573-588, Epub 2006. 23. Fraczek K, Górny RL. Microbial air quality at Szczawnica sanatorium, Poland. (2011), 18, 63-71. 24. Madureira J, Paciência de Oliveira FE. Assessment and determinants of airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations in different indoor environments: homes, child day-care centres, primary schools and elderly care centres. Atmos. Environ (2015), 109: 139e146. 25. Solomon J. Leviston-District—Assessment. Leviston-School, (2005). 26. Stryjakowska-Sekulska M, Piotraszewska-. Microbiological quality of indoor air in university rooms. (2007), 16(4): 623-632. 27. Méheust -P. Indoor fungal contamination: health risks and measurement methods in hospitals, homes and workplaces, ISSN: 1040-841X (print), 1549-7828 (electronic). Microbiol. Online: 2013 USA. 28. Ulla L. Characterization of microorganisms in indoor environments. Publications of the Health Institute—Academic Dissertation, Kuopio (2008). 29. and Sauvé: Bioaerosol in Workplace: Evaluation, Control and Prevention Guide. Technical guide, 2001, www. irsst. qc. ca. 30. AIHA. for the Determination of in Environmental Samples. Fairfax, VA: (1996). 31. én A-. key action ‘Building’—research results achieved during the first three years period 1998-2000, 2002. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various studies and assessments related to indoor air quality and respiratory symptoms. For instance, the mention of 'prevalence and predictors of work related respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to organic dusts' and 'health effects of indoor fungal bioaerosol exposure' suggests that there are multiple factors contributing to respiratory issues, indicating that indoor air quality devices alone may not prevent all respiratory issues. Additionally, terms like 'sick building syndrome' imply that there are complex health risks associated with indoor environments that cannot be solely mitigated by devices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Assessment of To evaluate the mitochondrial superoxide production following treatments with PAC, we used an indicator named MitoSOX Red (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and afterwards performed a flow cytometry analysis. PAC-treated cells (1 µ M, 2. 5 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM) were incubated for 30 min with 5 µM MitoSOX at 37ºC in 5% CO2. They were then resuspended in 1 mL PBS, and analyses by means of flow cytometry with “LSRII” or “CantoII” (BD Biosciences) (n = 3). The effect of PAC at 5 µM on various proteins involved in MAPK pathways, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle was evaluated by making use of Western blots. Briefly, 106 cells (stimulated and unstimulated) were harvested for extraction by RIPA lysis buffer. Protein concentrations were determined by the Bradford assay. For each sample, a mixture of 20 µg to 60 µg was added to an equal amount of loading buffer containing 10% β-mercaptoethanol and migrated through a 7–15% acrylamide gel. After electrophoretic separation, proteins were transferred from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane to be blocked in a 5% milk solution for 1 h at 24ºC and put overnight in an incubator with appropriate concentrations of antibodies. Finally, a band detection was performed by an ECL (), according to instructions from its manufacturer. Statistical analysis All our experiments were repeated more than three times and the statistical significance obtained between controls (untreated cells) and tests (treated) with various concentrations of PAC was expressed as mean ± SD. Differences between values were determined if statistically significant using a one-way ANOVA. A p-value < 0. 05 was defined as significant. Results PAC selectively inhibits the growth of oral cancer cells, and increases apoptosis To evaluate the effect of PAC on normal and gingival cells affected by cancer to proliferate, we used the MTT assay. As presented in Fig. 1, PAC at various concentrations decrease the growth of oral cancer cells. This decrease was more important with higher concentration of PAC. Indeed, at 10 µM oral cancer cell growth was almost drastically reduced. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not relate to the claim about curcumin and its anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it discusses the effects of PAC on oral cancer cells without mentioning curcumin or turmeric. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Wang and Zhang (2022) investigated the characteristics of soundscapes (such as loudness, frequency, preference, and auditory satisfaction) in the Park pilot area using 394 valid questionnaires from residents. They analyzed the impact of soundscapes on visual aesthetics using PLS-SEM. The results showed that the components of street vendors' sounds and insect sounds were the loudest in soundscapes, while the sounds of flowing water and birdsong were the most frequently heard and liked65. Liu (2022) combined six types of blue spaces with 14 sounds, using 65 volunteers to measure the restoration quality of audiovisual combinations through the (SRRS). Within a range of 1–9, the results were as follows: the water sound with the highest restoration quality was river sound (6. 94), followed by fountain sound (6. 59) and stream sound (6. 41), while the restoration quality of ocean waves sound was the lowest (5. 85) 66. In summary, with the efforts of a large number of scholars, the psychological restorative effects of natural soundscapes on people have been confirmed from multiple perspectives. However, we found that the current restorative research on soundscape still has the following four problems: (1) National forest parks have very rich and original natural soundscapes, but few scholars have focused on the analysis of natural soundscapes in national forest parks. (2) The comparative study of the restorative effect between different natural sound landscapes is still weak. (3) When going out to play, people cannot hear only one or two kinds of natural sounds, so it is very important to explore the restorative effect of natural combined sounds, yet there are few examples comparing the restorative effect difference between combined sounds and single-element sounds. (4) It is worth mentioning that a large number of studies have talked about the restorative effects of natural soundscapes, but there are basically no studies that specifically quantify how much restorative capacity each natural soundscape has. In addressing these issues, this study sampled the natural soundscapes, including and Combined Sound, of in China during the summer season (hereinafter referred to as Forest Park). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how researchers have investigated the characteristics and restorative effects of natural soundscapes, which include sounds such as flowing water and birdsong that are commonly associated with natural environments like forests. It specifically mentions the sampling of natural soundscapes in a forest park setting, which aligns with the idea of immersive soundscapes designed to simulate these natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Taking into account the indoor spatial distribution of the temperature and relative humidity values as well as the concentration values of pollutants (e. g CO, CO2 resulting of combustion), the development of distributed measuring systems [13][14] that can include personal computers (PCs) or mobile devices (e. g. PDAs [15] or smart phones [16]) based human-sensing system interface represents an important requirement for optimal indoor air quality monitoring. This 2. Air quality and its impact on respiratory diseasesAir conditions and respiratory assessment represent an important challenge taking into account that distress is the second most common symptom of adults transported by ambulance and is associated with a relatively high overall mortality before hospital discharge [3]. Among the most common causes of respiratory distress in this setting are congestive heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma [4]. It is projected that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020, due to an increase in smoking rates and demographic changes in many countries [5]. Worldwide, some 300 million people currently suffer from asthma. It is the most common chronic disease among children [6]. The economic burden of COPD in the US in 2007 was 42. 6 billion in health care costs and lost productivity [19]. The indoor air pollution is one of the factors associated with etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. There are evidences that the environmental factors acting during early life and interacting with specific “asthma genes” are crucial for the development of chronic, persistent form of disease [20][21]. The identification of the indoor air associated with pathophysiology of COPD and asthma disease will thus be crucial for the primary-prevention strategy. Poor indoor air quality is becoming an increasing problem around the world because, in general, people are spending more time indoors. This problem is greater in infants who now spend less time playing outside. Reduction of indoor air quality - produced by mould growth, smoke exposure, cooking fire smoke (often using biomass fuels such as wood and animal dung), house dust mites in bedding, carpets and stuffed furniture, chemical irritants (i. e. perfumes), pet dander – may adversely affect the health of building occupants and exacerbate asthma and COPD attacks. Asthma attacks are mainly related to mould growth that is enabled by relative humidity high values for different temperature conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing that poor indoor air quality can exacerbate respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD, indicating that while indoor air quality devices may improve conditions, they do not prevent all issues. It mentions that factors like mould growth and smoke exposure can adversely affect health, emphasizing that poor indoor air quality is linked to respiratory problems rather than suggesting a complete prevention.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Interesting, the decrease of normal human gingival epithelial cells growth following the exposure to 10 uM of PAC was too low compared to cancer cells. With 5 µM of PAC, there was an 80% growth reduction of oral cancer cells, but only 10–20% growth reduction of primary human gingival epithelial cells. These results demonstrated that normal human cells exhibit great resistance to PAC, in comparison to Ca9-22 cells. The effect of PAC on cancer cells was observable even at low concentration with an LC50 is around 3 µM. Its proliferation level decreased, from 86. 21% ± 4. 03% (p = 0. 007), 78. 41% ± 8. 23% (p = 0. 02), 24. 37% ± 7. 31% (p = 2. 39 × 10− 5) to 9. 85% ± 2. 16% (p = 6. 46 × 10− 9) respectively with PAC concentrations of 1, 2. 5, 5 or 10 µM (Fig. 1A). With GEC cells, a slight decrease was observed only at the highest concentration of PAC (10 µM) after 48 h (p = 0. 02) and 72 h (p = 0. 03), but any significant inhibition for all treatments (1 µM to 10 µM) was noticeable after 24 h. (Fig. 1B). These outcomes were confirmed using a cytotoxicity assay (Fig. 1C and 1D), a treatment with PAC was inducing dose- and time-dependent cell death in Ca9-22 (Fig. 1C) but not in GEC cells (Fig. 1D), suggesting a selective toxic effect of PAC on cancer rather than normal gingival epithelial cells. We also demonstrated a significant effect of PAC reducing the capacity of oral cancer cells to form colony but not in GEC (Fig. 1E). These outcomes clearly indicate as well that PAC is having preferentially anti-proliferative activity and cytotoxicity against Ca9-22 cells, but not on normal human gingival epithelial cells. We demonstrated that anti-proliferative effect of PAC on oral cancer cells goes through a cell cycle modification. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding curcumin and its anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it focuses on the effects of PAC on cancer and normal human gingival epithelial cells. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim about curcumin.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The creation of three research hypotheses was made: H1: National forest parks' natural sounds have a significant restorative effect on human psychophysiology H2: Multiple-element natural soundscapes are more restorative than single-element natural soundscapes H3: Psychophysical recovery outcomes are significantly influenced by gender. In this study, we explored the relationship between natural soundscape and human psychological and physiological recovery in in summer by analysing the changes in physiological indicators and data on psychological indicators, revealed the comparative restorative effects between different elements of natural soundscape, and carried out a hierarchical clustering analysis of the restorative effects of the five types of natural soundscape according to psychological and physiological influences by means of experimental data. Finally, we constructed a mathematical model of the psychological and physiological restorative effects of natural soundscapes using ridge regression equations. Following implications will be provided by our study: (1) For the government: To find an alternative way to save public health care costs. It will help to increase the government's attention to mental problems, increase financial expenditures to build and protect the natural soundscape of the Park, and provide free psychological restorative places for ordinary families. (2) For NFP management authorities, the aim is to provide new insights into soundscape assessment and restorative soundscape planning and design of NFPs, and to improve soundscape layout planning and design. (3) For the public: to help the public understand more intuitively and clearly the restorative differences between different elements of the natural soundscape, and to guide the public to carry out recreational activities that are conducive to mental health. 2. Materials and Methods 2. 1 Area of experiment is situated at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces, lying between approximately 110°24′–110°28′ E longitude and 29°17′–29°21′ N latitude. It spans an area of approximately 4,810 hectares (Fig. 1). Renowned globally for its unique "Zhangjiajie Landform," the park is celebrated as a utopia far removed from the hustle and bustle of urban life. Additionally, it served as the backdrop for the film "Avatar. "2004, was designated as a World Geopark. Subsequently, in 2007, it was included among the first batch of China's national 5A-level tourist attractions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a study focused on the restorative effects of natural soundscapes, particularly in national forest parks. It mentions exploring the relationship between natural soundscapes and human psychological and physiological recovery, implying that such soundscapes, which include elements like those found in forests, may enhance well-being. The emphasis on natural soundscapes aligns with the claim about immersive soundscapes simulating natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Mould spores, bacteria, and mildew thrive in dampened towels, washcloths, and moist or humid areas. Additionally, people with immune or respiratory system problems may more easily succumb to poor health caused by mould growth at home, which is mainly associated with humidity and temperature values. Improved heating systems and less ventilation from outside has also provided more suitable conditions for mould growth. Using air conditions sensing components as parts of an air quality measuring system, high risk disease conditions for indoor occupants can be avoided. Several solutions have been presented in the literature [9][13][22]. In order to assure mobility and flexibility, a wireless network for air quality is an interesting solution considering that the measuring nodes can be distributed in different regions of the house according with different monitoring scenarios. As the interface between a user and the network (human machine interface, HMI), can be used a low cost smart phone (Bluetooth enabled), a PDA (personal digital assistant), or situated displays with interaction capabilities (touch screen enabled). Advertisement 3. Air quality sensing and data processingThis section contains the description of the main components of a distributed smart sensing system that can be used for air quality assessment. Particular attention is dedicated to the implementation of the sensing nodes, to signal conditioning, and to signal processing of measurement data. Advertisement A. Sensing nodesThe sensing nodes are designed and implemented to perform the air quality (AirQ) monitoring using low cost gas sensors and, at the same time, to get additional information about the temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). This information is used to increase gas concentration measurement accuracy, performing the error compensation caused by temperature and humidity influence. The gas sensors can be sintered SnO2 semiconductor heated sensors, as those provided by Figaro [23], that assure pollution event detection (TGS800 – general air contaminant sensor - AC), methane detection (TGS842-M), alcohol and organic solvent detection (TGS822-SV) and carbon monoxide detection (TGS203-CO). Information about temperature and relative humidity are obtained using Smartec SMT160-30 [24] and Humirel HM1500 [25] temperature and relative humidity transducers, respectively. The gas sensors, connected to proper conditioning circuits, are devices that produce voltages whose values depend on the concentrations of gas expressed in ppm. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the factors that contribute to poor indoor air quality, such as mould spores and humidity, which are not necessarily resolved by using air quality devices alone. It indicates that conditions like 'immune or respiratory system problems may more easily succumb to poor health caused by mould growth at home', suggesting that while air quality devices may assist, they do not entirely prevent respiratory issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Indeed, Ca9-22 cells treated with 5 µM showed a cell-cycle arrest, by increasing the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) such as p21, p27, p16 or p53 and Rb (retinoblastoma protein) which are tumor suppressor genes known to be inactive in most cancer types, while it inhibits oncogenes such as cyclin D1 or c-Myc. In addition, PAC can to reduce DNA damage on oral cancer cells by inhibition of H2A. X protein expression (Fig. 2A). The effect of PAC on cancer cells is involving specific inhibition of cell proliferation signaling pathways. Indeed, we demonstrated a significant decrease of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, p38, STAT and AKT phosphorylation. Also, PAC at 5 µM was decreasing the expression of NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways (Fig. 2B). Effect of treatments with PAC on cell cycle distribution in oral cells Cell cycle distribution, on Ca9-22 PAC-treated cells, was evaluated by flow cytometry using the fluorescent DNA dye 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). Briefly, these were under treatment with different PAC concentrations for 24 h. Then, they were responding to PBS buffer before being incubated with 7-AAD Fig. 3 is presenting that different concentrations of PAC were altering Ca9-22 cell cycle distribution. However, percentage of G0/G1 population decreases dramatically, from 85. 95% ± 7. 14% in untreated cells to 9. 9% ± 3. 67% in cells treated with 10 µM of PAC. In contrary, the S population increases from 6. 85% ± 3. 74% in controls to 38. 95% ± 17. 18% using the same concentration it. The G2/M population is also doing it as the previous one, from 5. 05% ± 1. 34–48. 7% ± 13. 85% with the same treatment (Fig. 3A and 3B). PAC induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells by targeting the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. In determining the type of death induced by various concentrations of PAC on oral cancer cells, the fluorochrome-labeled annexin V with PI was used. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it focuses on the effects of PAC (likely referring to another compound) on Ca9-22 cancer cells, including its impact on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. There is no mention of turmeric, curcumin, or any anti-inflammatory effects related to curcumin.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The park, situated in the subtropical climate zone of Central Asia, boasts an impressive forest coverage of 98%, rendering it a well-known biodiversity conservation area in China. Owing to the diverse array of flora and fauna, the soundscape here is rich and varied, encompassing, but not limited to, bird calls, rustling leaves, flowing water, and insect sounds. Therefore, this study selected as the soundscape sampling site. 2. 2 Methods and processes 2. 2. 1 Sound recordings and materials This study employed a combined approach of outdoor (audio collection) and indoor (physiological and psychological measurements) experiments to mitigate the impact of uncontrollable factors such as ambient noise and weather conditions on the experiment. The five audio segments used in this study were collected on days with a mild breeze and light rain from August 13 to August 14, 2023. The audio data collection occurred during the time periods of 7:30 − 11:30 and 15:00–18:00, with humidity ranging from 92–94% and temperatures between 22. 7°C and 23. 4°C. Sony ICD-PX470 recording devices were positioned approximately 1. 5m above the water surface. During recording, the microphone end of the recording pen was kept perpendicular to the main wind direction to avoid wind-induced noise interference. In light of previous research, which commonly includes the study of natural sounds such as hydroacoustics, windy sound, birdsong, and insect chirping, this study selected one representative areas as sound sampling sites (Fig. 2). Considering potential factors of sound interference, the selected sound materials were edited to approximately 60 seconds using Clip software. 2. 2. 2 research has indicated that college students are ideal subjects for environmental psychology1,67. In this study, volunteers were recruited through online recruitment links and offline promotional methods, with each volunteer receiving a compensation of 10 Chinese Yuan. Ultimately, a total of 52 students from University of Forestry and Technology participated in the experiment (males: 26 individuals, 50%; females: 26 individuals, 50%), with ages ranging from 18 to 21 years. Participants were asked to have no history of mental illness, no alcohol abuse within 12 hours, and no cardiovascular disease 2. 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing a soundscape in a natural environment, specifically a forest in Central Asia, which includes various natural sounds like bird calls, rustling leaves, and flowing water. This aligns with the idea that immersive soundscapes are often designed to replicate and simulate sounds from such environments, supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Considering the voltage generated by a gas sensing unit based on a semiconductor heated sensor (TGS800 from Figaro), an air quality index ζ, is defined using the following relationζ=RSRS0=(VCVRL−1)⋅1(VCVRL0−1)E8where RS0 represents the sensor resistance for a clean air condition, RS represents the sensor resistance for the tested air, VC is the circuit power supply voltage, VRL is the load resistor voltage and VRL0 is the load resistor voltage for clean air. Sensor’s characteristic is non-linear and monotonic, decreasing sensor’s resistance ratio with contaminant gas concentration. Higher concentrations of contaminants originate lower values of resistance ratios. Moreover, since the sensor is designed for general contaminants detection, it is not possible to identify specific contaminants. So, according to the application requirements in terms of the maximum acceptable level of contamination, a coefficient (ζ) value equal to 0. 3 is considered for air pollution alarm. Considering that the used sensor has not good selectivity for each potential air contaminant, a look-up table, a polynomial, and a multilayer perceptron single-input single output neural network were designed and implemented to convert the value of ζ into air contaminants’ concentrations expressed in parts per million (ppm). The measurement data processing scheme that was implemented is represented in figure 4. Figure 4. Block diagram of the hybrid data processing scheme that was used to evaluate contaminants’ air concentrations. To test the performance of the proposed modeling scheme, a set of coefficient values (ζ), contained in the interval between 0. 15 and 1 (no pollution), and the correspondent values of air contaminants’ concentrations obtained from TGS800 sensitivity curves for methane, carbon monoxide, isobutane, hydrogen and ethanol, were considered. The calculation of polynomial coefficients, a1i, a2i, … api, is based on LS linear fit function (Givens method) that is implemented in LabVIEW. The calculated polynomial coefficients values that correspond to TGS800 sensitivity curves, such as the ones represented in figure 5, are stored in a memory and then used to perform the evaluation of air contaminants’ concentrations. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that the gas sensing unit cannot identify specific contaminants and does not guarantee the prevention of respiratory issues. It mentions that the sensor is designed for general contaminant detection, implying that it may not effectively address all types of air quality problems that could lead to respiratory issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Our results show the presence of 4 different sub-populations referring to live cells (annexin V-/PI-), early apoptotic cells (annexin V+/PI-), late apoptotic cells (annexin V+/PI+) and necrotic cells (annexin V-/PI+). After 24 h of exposure to PAC, the percentage for the first population decreases from 96. 48% for untreated to 71. 29% with 5 µM, and 18. 32% with 10 µM. Conversely, the early apoptotic cells were increasing from 2. 56% with the control to 18. 62 with 5 µM. In late apoptotic population was much higher with PAC exposure ranging from, 1. 09% with the controls to 55. 46% with 10 µM of PAC. The necrotic population was also increasing from 0. 87% with the untreated cells to 24. 48% with 10 µM PAC treated oral cancer cells (Fig. 4A). To confirm apoptosis –inducing ability of PAC concentration on oral cancer cells, we evaluated caspase activation by using flow cytometry. Our results show that PAC dose – dependant increased apoptosis in terms of percentage of positive pancaspase in Ca9-22 cells (Fig. 4B). The effect of PAC of caspase signaling for oral cancer cell apoptosis was confirmed by Western blotting (Fig. 4C) showing that PAC at 5 µM strongly decreases Bcl-2 expression and increases that of pro-apoptotic Bax and cytochrome C as well as allows cleavage of PARP-1. The effect of PAC promoting cancer cell death involves caspase 3/9 (Fig. 4C). PAC promotes autophagy in oral cancer cells by targeting LC3B and p62 protein expression. To determine the different cellular mechanisms by which PAC exerts its anti-oral cancer function, we investigated the effect of PAC on cell autophagy. As shown in Fig. 5A and 5B, PAC at 5 µM strongly leads to autophagy in cancer cells. The percentage of positive cells detected by the (Red) was increasing from 0. 1125% ± 0. 15% in controls to 10. 57% ± 3. 35% (p = 0. 00066) and 28. 59 ± 13. 78% (p = 0. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties as it discusses the effects of PAC on oral cancer cells and apoptosis mechanisms without mentioning curcumin, turmeric, or any related anti-inflammatory properties.