Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: J Orthod 2021;48(1):64-73. [A19] ’Anza B, Rodriguez K. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine in rhinology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngol 2021;42(3):102921. [A20] Gomes-de Almeida S, Marabujo T, do Carmo-Goncalves M. Telemedicine satisfaction of primary care patients during COVID-19 pandemics. Semergen 2021;47(4):248-55. [A21]. Assessing patient satisfaction with live-interactive teledermatology visits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study. E Health 2022;28(4):591-6. [A22] Assessing the impact of a rapidly scaled virtual urgent care in city during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2020;59(4):610-8. [A23] -Ewulu I, McNair M, et al. Assessment of patient and provider satisfaction with the change to telehealth from in-person visits at an academic safety net institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;34(Suppl):S71-6. [A24] Clinician satisfaction with rapid adoption and implementation of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021;27(12):1385-92. [A25]. COVID-19 patients’ satisfaction with quality of medical care provided in the form of telemedicine consultations. Univ 2020(6):135-40. [A26] Evaluating patients’ and neonatologists’ satisfaction with the use of telemedicine for neonatology prenatal consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;9:642369. [A27]. Effect of the COVID-19 induced phase of massive telehealth uptake on end-user satisfaction. J 2021;51(2):206-14. [A28] Impact of telemedicine on patient satisfaction and perceptions of care quality in radiation oncology. J 2021;19(10):1174-80. [A29] ’ed. Measurement of patient satisfaction with the trend of virtual clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by referencing multiple studies and articles that assess patient satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that there is substantial evidence suggesting patients have experienced high satisfaction levels with telehealth services.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: 4 Vertical farming systems can be further classified on the basis of structure that houses the system 4. 4. 1 Building-based vertical farms These are the types of vertical farms constructed in abandoned buildings in urban areas. For example, Chicago’s “The Plant” vertical farm was constructed in an old pork-packing plant. Vertical farms are also constructed in new buildings. A new multistory vertical farm is built to an existing parking lot structure in downtown Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Here, vegetables are grown throughout the year in the 13,500-square-foot hydroponic greenhouse for sale to restaurants, to local grocery stores, and also directly to consumers [12]. 4. 4. 2 Shipping-container vertical farms These types of vertical farms are becoming popular day by day. They use 40-foot shipping containers that carry goods around the world and house vertical farms with LED lights, drip irrigation systems, and vertically stacked shelves for growing a variety of plants. It contains computer-controlled growth management systems that allow users to examine all systems from a smartphone or computer. The three leading companies producing shipping-container vertical farms are Freight Farms, CropBox, and Growtainers [12]. Advertisement 5. Advantages of vertical farming Despommier mentioned a number of environmental and social advantages in his book called “Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century. ” The advantages are summarized below [15]:Vertical farming ensures production of greens all year round in nontropical countries and is better than normal farming. Despommier stated that 1 acre of vertical farm can produce products almost equal to the amount of products produced by 30 acres of normal farmland on considering the number of crops produced each season. Vertical farming involves reduction or abandonment of the use of herbicides and pesticides. In some cases, vertical farming uses ladybugs and other biological controls when required. As the crops in a vertical farm are grown under a controlled environment, they are safe from extreme weather conditions such as droughts, hail, and floods. Hydroponic growing techniques help in water conservation by using about 70% less water than normal agriculture. Indoor farming reduces or eliminates the use of tractors and other large farm equipment that are commonly used on outdoor farms, thus reducing the burning of fossil fuel. According to Despommier, large-scale vertical farming could result in a significant reduction in air pollution and in CO2 emissions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations and specific contexts of vertical farming. It highlights the advantages of vertical farming, such as year-round production and reduced resource use, but does not make a case for replacing traditional agriculture entirely. Instead, it suggests that vertical farms can complement traditional farming rather than serve as a complete replacement, indicating that there are still traditional agricultural methods at play.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptography has been used throughout history to secure communications. [SEP] Text: Figure 3—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset Drug resistance mutations are correlated with diversity reduction differently in different types of treatments with un-truncated data. This figure is analogous with Figure 3 from the main text, but in this case, the data are not truncated to only include the patients with 4 or fewer DRMs. The figure caption is otherwise shared with Figure 3. Figure 4 with 2 supplements Download asset Open asset Nonparametric test shows negative correlation between treatment effectiveness and ΔDRM. Negative relationship between treatment effectiveness (percentage of patients with virologic suppression after ~48 weeks) and ΔDRM as fit within the GLMM among all treatments for which we have recorded effectiveness information. Treatments included are plotted at the mean ΔDRM from GLMMs fit to 1000 iterations of data subsampling. Points for each treatment are sized in proportion to the number of sequences from patients given that treatment (see legend in the lower left), and are colored based on the treatment type (see legend in the upper right). The black line shows the mean effect of treatment effectiveness on ΔDRM from linear regressions fits to the 1000 subsampled datasets and the grey band shows a 95% confidence interval (excluding the top and bottom 2. 5% of fits). Figure 4—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Nonparametric test shows negative correlation between treatment effectiveness and ΔDRM when 45 sequences from before 1995 are included. This figure is analogous with Figure 4 from the main text, but in this case, 45 sequences before 1995 are included in the analysis. The ΔDRM coefficients are taken from the GLMM shown in Figure 3—figure supplement 1 A and B. The figure caption is otherwise shared with Figure 4. Figure 4—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset Nonparametric test shows negative correlation between treatment effectiveness and ΔDRM when sequences with any number of DRMs are included. This figure is analogous with Figure 4 from the main text, but in this case, the data is not truncated to only include the patients with 4 or fewer DRMs. The DeltaDRM coefficients are taken from the GLMM shown in Figure 3—figure supplement 2A and B. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address or provide any information related to the claim about cryptography. Instead, it discusses drug resistance mutations and their correlation with treatment effectiveness, which is irrelevant to the topic of secure communications through cryptography.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: Cureus 2021;13(6):e16016. [A30] Measuring the patients’ satisfaction about telemedicine used in during COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus 2021;13(2):e13382. [A31] Multicenter evaluation of breast cancer patients’ satisfaction and experience with oncology telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer 2021;125(11):1486-93. [A32] Outcomes of a telemedicine bowel management program during COVID-19. J 2022;57(1):80-5. [A33]. Patient and provider-reported satisfaction of cancer rehabilitation telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. PM R 2021;13(12):1362-8. [A34] van der Patient satisfaction and acceptability with telehealth at specialist medical outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. J 2021;51(7):1028-37. [A35]. Patient satisfaction and trust in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective observational study. 2021;8(2):e28589. [A36]. Patient satisfaction with the use of telemedicine in the management of hyperthyroidism. Cureus 2020;12(8):e9859. [A37] Patient satisfaction with use of telemedicine in of Psychiatry: Skopje, during COVID-19 pandemic. E Health 2021;27(4):464-7. [A38] -Zeitoun D, Kuchenbuch M, et al. Physician and patient satisfaction with the switch to remote outpatient encounters in epilepsy clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seizure 2021;91:60-5. [A39] Al--Khalifah R, Alfadda A. Rapid implementation of a diabetes telemedicine clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: our protocol, experience, and satisfaction reports in Saudi Arabia. J Technol 2021;15(2):329-38. [A40]. Rheumatology patient satisfaction with telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. J 2021;8:23743735211008825. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by citing multiple studies and evaluations that specifically address patient satisfaction with telehealth consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The listings of various articles discuss patient satisfaction and experience with telemedicine, which supports the claim that many patients report high satisfaction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: Vertical farming is people friendly. Some hazards that can be avoided in vertical farming are accidents while operating heavy farming equipment and exposure to harmful chemicals. Advertisement 6. Disadvantages of vertical farming Apart from so many advantages, there are many critics of the vertical farming described by the scientists. They claimed that there are a number of problems in vertical farming. The challenges to vertical farming may be summarized as follows [13]:Start-up costs are high in order to purchase land in central business districts. The number of crops grown is sometimes less than rural farming. Production volumes are also not as large as conventional farming and scaling-up may add cost and complexity. Raising investment capitals and training a skilled workforce are also challenges in vertical farming. Advertisement 7. World-wide implementation of urban agriculture/vertical farming Scientists explored the motivations for urban gardening in Germany by screening 657 urban gardening project websites and characterized the types of gardeners, cultivation methods, and consumer behavior. The study also highlighted the “terrabioponic smart-garden system” where the plants grow in natural soil and in organic nutrient solution, which may facilitate social transition toward bio economy [16]. Also scientists from the reported that vertical farming system has increased the yield of lettuce per unit area as compared to traditional horizontal hydroponics [17]. Agriculture and food production activities in the cities of Mexico can contribute in reducing carbon footprint by creating green environment and better land use [18]. Case study 1: The world’s largest indoor vertical farm, AeroFarms, is located in Newark, New Jersey, which grows more than 2 million pounds of greens per year without sunlight, soil or pesticides. Instead of using a huge quantity of water to grow plants, AeroFarms system sprays nutrient-rich mist to the plants. Seeds are sown, germinated, and grown on reusable sheets of cloth and are stretched out over trays stacked vertically. LED lights are used instead of the sun, and the exposure is controlled depending upon the maturity of the plant [12]. Case study 2: founded Farm. One in the year 2016 in order to grow rare and hard-to-find produce to the chefs and restaurants in the middle of City. The first farm was set up at the Institute of (ICE) in downtown Manhattan, and the second farm is in Tribeca. It uses hydroponics and LED lights and aims to grow rare produce every year. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting several challenges associated with vertical farming, which is a form of urban agriculture. It states that vertical farming has high start-up costs, lower crop yields compared to rural farming, and complications in scaling up operations. These issues suggest that urban farming cannot wholly replace traditional agriculture methods due to limitations in production volumes and operational efficiency.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptography has been used throughout history to secure communications. [SEP] Text: The figure caption is otherwise shared with Figure 4. Figure 5 with 5 supplements Download asset Open asset Summary of data subgroups and filtering. Summary of all sequences from patients receiving first line therapy used throughout the analysis. The dataset is broken down into patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI) therapy with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and patients receiving only RTIs. The abundant treatment dataset shows treatments given to many patients within our dataset. For full filtering parameters for the abundant dataset, see Materials and methods: Data collection & filtering. Counts of sequences for each treatment are given. Figure 5—figure supplement 1 Download asset Open asset Distribution of number of DRMs by treatment. The distribution of the number of drug resistance mutations is plotted separated out by the major treatments included in our analysis. The y-axes are not standardized, and show the number of consensus sequences per treatment with each number of fixed DRMs within the abundant treatment dataset. Figure 5—figure supplement 2 Download asset Open asset Data is heterogenous with respect to year in terms of the number of drugs per treatment, the diversity of treatments and the number of ambiguous reads per sequence. (A) Percentage of patients receiving 1, 2 or 3 or more drugs (red, orange and blue bars, respectively) changes over the timecourse of our sampling period. (B) The cumulative number of unique treatment regimens is shown over the course of our sample period. (C) Barplots demonstrating the number of ambiguous amino acids per sequence by year with interquartile ranges. One outlier is excluded for visibility. Figure 5—figure supplement 3 Download asset Open asset p-thinning controls for systematic changes in the called number of ambiguous reads over time A. The mean number of ambiguous calls has increased over time among sequences with 0 DRMs. Linear model fits predicting the number of ambiguous reads from year among sequences with 0 DRMs are shown in black for sequences from 1989 or later (Equation 1) and red for sequences from 1995 or later (Equation 2). These model fits are used to compute the subsample effect, shown in B. Figure 5—figure supplement 4 Download asset Open asset The number of ambiguous reads is approximately distributed according to a negative binomial when p-thinned relative to 1989. The subsampled number of ambiguous reads (relative to 1989) relative to the best fit Poisson distribution (A) and best fit negative binomial distribution (B). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a dataset related to treatment protocols and drug resistance mutations without mentioning cryptography or its historical use in securing communications.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: [A41] ’ Telemedicine in patients with haematological diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: selection criteria and patients’ satisfaction. Haematol 2021;192(2):e48-51. [A42] Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an ophthalmology video consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ophthalmologe 2020;117(7):659-67. [A43] Clark SG, Bradley M. 32 Patient satisfaction with urogynecology telemedicine office visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021;224(6 Supplement):S764-5. [A44] Ambulatory neurosurgery in the COVID-19 era: patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine. 2020;49(6):E13. [A45] Are telephone consultations the future of the NHS? : the outcomes and experiences of an NHS urological service in moving to telemedicine. J 2021;8(1):e15-20. [A46] Comparison of patient satisfaction between virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic and in-person visits pre-pandemic. 2021;130(7):810-7. [A47] Implications for telemedicine for surgery patients after COVID-19: survey of patient and provider experiences. 2020;86(8):907-15. [A48]. Oral and maxillofacial surgery patient satisfaction with telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Surg 2021;59(3):335-40. [A49]. Outcomes of a virtual craniofacial clinic for assessing plagiocephaly during the COVID-19 pandemic. J 2021;28(5):497-501. [A50] Patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine in otolaryngology. OTO Open 2021;5(1):2473974X20981838. [A51] Patient satisfaction scores with telemedicine in the neurosurgical population. Neurosurg 2021;205:106605. [A52] Patient satisfaction with neurosurgery telemedicine visits during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. 2021;145:e184-91. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it mentions multiple studies that evaluate patient satisfaction with telemedicine services, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, it lists various studies like the evaluation of patient satisfaction with ophthalmology video consultations and patient satisfaction with urogynecology telemedicine visits, indicating that these studies are focused on measuring and reporting patient satisfaction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: The company supplies rare herbs, edible flowers and microgreens to some of the best chefs in [19]. Case study 3: One of the world’s first commercial vertical farms named was built in Singapore. This vertical farm produces one ton of vegetables every other day. Large varieties of tropical vegetables like Chinese cabbage, spinach, lettuce, xia bai cai, bayam, kang kong, cai xin, gai lan, and nai bai are grown. uses a hydraulic system called “A Go-Gro,” which consists of 6-m-tall hydraulic water-driven A-shaped towers. Each tower contains 22–26 tiers of growing troughs, and is spun around the aluminum frame at a speed of 1 mm/sec for a steady radiation of sunlight, proper air flow, and irrigation for all the edibles growing in the tower. The rotation system is powered by a unique gravity-aided water-pulley system that uses only 1 L of water per 16-hour cycle, which is collected in a rainwater-fed reservoir. The water used in powering the frames is recycled and filtered before returning to the plants. The organic wastes produced on the farm are composted and reused [19]. Advertisement 8. Concept of urban agriculture/vertical farming in is one of the largest producers of fruits, vegetables, and many other agricultural products. In India, vertical farming has been introduced in recent times. Experts from of (ICAR) are working on the concept of “vertical farming” which can be implemented in metros like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai [20]. 8. 1 Current scenario of urban agriculture/vertical farming in at in Nadia, West Bengal, had initial success on growing brinjal and tomato hydroponically on a small scale. Punjab also has succeeded in producing potato tubers through vertical farming [20]. In cities like Cuttack and Nagpur, the slum dwellers performed organic farming on terrace and plots and sold the surplus products to the local markets. In Delhi, on the fertile banks of Yamuna River, extensive farming is going on in spite of the fact that farmers do not have any legal sanction to do farming there. In Hyderabad, farmers living along the banks of use water from the river for urban farming and contributed rice and vegetables to the market [21]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text presents a variety of examples demonstrating urban farming practices across different locations, highlighting their successes and applications. However, it does not provide evidence that urban farming can completely replace traditional agriculture methods; rather, it indicates that urban farming is an expanding method alongside traditional agriculture. For instance, it mentions that organic farming is being practiced in urban areas where legal sanctions are limited, indicating a coexistence rather than a replacement. Therefore, the text contrasts the claim by showing that while urban agriculture is growing, it does not supplant all traditional methods.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptography has been used throughout history to secure communications. [SEP] Text: The fits to one particular subsample are plotted, but the graphs are representative. These distributions were fit using vcd (Meyer et al. , 2015). Figure 5—figure supplement 5 Download asset Open asset The number of ambiguous reads is approximately distributed according to a negative binomial when p-thinned relative to 1995. The subsampled number of ambiguous reads (relative to 1995) relative to the best fit Poisson distribution (A) and best fit negative binomial distribution (B). The fits to one particular subsample are plotted, but the graphs are representative. These distributions were fit using vcd (Meyer et al. , 2015). Note, many more ambiguous calls are retained with p-thinning relative to 1995 as compared to relative to 1989 (5—figure supplement 4). 1 Model fits for the fixed effects from GLMMs fit to subsampled data. and methods: Quantifying the relationship between clinical effectiveness and diversity reduction for further explanations of coefficients. Means of model fits for 1000 independent subsamples are reported for the three different subsampling and model-fitting regimes. 95% confidence intervals (excluding the top 2. 5% and bottom 2. 5% of coefficent fits) are given in parentheses. αall (Intercept)Δ (Number of DRMs)γ (Length)1995+, ≤ 4 DRMs-0. 78-0. 160. 0030(-0. 91,-0. 65)(-0. 17,-0. 14)(0. 0029,0. 0032)1995+, All DRMs-0. 89-0. 0970. 0030(-1,-0. 77)(-0. 11,-0. 088)(0. 0029,0. 0032)1989+, ≤ 4 DRMs-1. 20-0. 150. 0030(-1. 4,-1. 1)(-0. 17,-0. 14)(0. 0028,0. 0032) Table 2 Coefficients from GLMs fit to subsampled data. and methods: Quantifying the relationship between clinical effectiveness and diversity reduction for further explanations of coefficient descriptions. Means for 1000 independent subsamples are reported for the three different subsampling and model-fitting regimes. 95% confidence intervals (excluding the top 2. 5% and bottom 2. 5% of coefficent fits) are given in parentheses. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim and instead focuses on model fitting and statistical analysis related to subsampled data. It discusses ambiguous reads and coefficients from GLMs, which are not related to the historical use of cryptography for securing communications.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: Abstractconsultations are currently not commonly used in dentistry; therefore, most clinicians lack experience in using this technology and seeing patients in this way. When implementing video clinics, it is important to assess clinician satisfaction as well as patient satisfaction to allow for developments and improvements, and to ensure that the highest levels of care are provided. assess patient and clinician satisfaction with the video consultations used by the orthodontic team at Hospital. separate satisfaction questionnaires were piloted and developed: one for patients and one for clinicians. For all patients scheduled for a video consultation between 15 May 2020 and 15 June 2020 in the orthodontic department, all clinicians were invited to complete a clinician satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the consultation to assess satisfaction with the encounter. total, 114 patients attended video consultations, for which there were 128 clinician completed questionnaires, as some patients were seen by multiple clinicians on multidisciplinary clinics. Over 89% of clinicians strongly agreed or agreed with all of the satisfaction statements, with the highest levels of satisfaction being for ease of use and convenience. Over 95% of clinicians strongly agreed or agreed that they would recommend using video consultations and over 89% preferred using a video consultation, if appropriate, to a face-to-face appointment. Overall, the highest levels of satisfaction were for retainer reviews. levels of clinician satisfaction were found with the telemedicine clinics in orthodontics across a range of different appointment types and encounters. Satisfaction varied according to the type of appointment; therefore, this should be a factor for consideration when planning the most appropriate use of telemedicine clinics going forwards. Key points Assesses clinician satisfaction with video clinics in orthodontics. Highlights how video clinics were used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifies areas where clinicians felt using video clinics were most appropriate for use within orthodontics. Similar content being viewed by others Patient and clinician satisfaction with video consultations in dentistry - part one: patient satisfaction 2020. The video consultations were carried out with the clinician who was providing the patient's care, the patient and a parent if the patient was under the age of 18 years old or if the patient wanted a parent to be present. Verbal consent was obtained and recorded in the clinical notes. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing the satisfaction levels reported by clinicians and indirectly suggests patient satisfaction through the clinicians' high agreement with positive statements about the video consultations. Specifically, over 89% of clinicians preferred video consultations to face-to-face appointments, which implies that patients, who experience the consultations through these clinicians, likely share similar levels of satisfaction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: In the urban areas of Tripura, to help the youth for income generation, a prototype model on “vertical farming system” was developed. The area of the structure was about 630 sq. ft. with two floors and two galleries. The ground floor contained two cages (50 sq. ft. each) at both corners that accommodated 100 layer chicks. The central space (140 sq. ft) housed 200 bird broiler/layer chicks per batch. Eight goats were kept on the first floor (140 sq. ft. ) area. There were also 12 rabbits kept in hanging cages (4 sq. ft. each). Proper drainage facility was provided to collect wastes with storage facility where it was decomposed and used for manuring the pots. tanks were constructed above the rabbit cages which were the source of nutrient to the goat as well as the birds. Ten benches (30 cm each) were kept on both sides of the structure which contained 160 pots for growing small fodder, vegetables, and spices. A water tank of 400 L capacity was also provided on top of the structure for storing water for animals and poultry and also providing irrigation to each pot through drip irrigation system [22]. Ideafarms is an Indian design-in-tech company which produces vertical farm products, and the produce is of high quality and organic and the supply is huge. A Bengaluru-based start-up company named Greenopia is selling kits with self-watering pots, enriched soil, and better quality seeds. A Mumbai-based start-up firm U-is using hydroponic gardening technique to build vertical farm for an individual apartment or for a supermarket [20]. Vertical farming is definitely a solution to critical problems in Indian farming like lack of supply of farm produce, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, and even unemployment. But there are some challenges: The initial huge cost of infrastructure for implementing vertical farming in India is difficult. Vertical farming in India has to face other challenges like public awareness, technical knowledge, and high cost of managing and maintaining the vertical farm systems [20]. Advertisement 9. farming, both vertical farming or farming on vacant open spaces, can be a favorable way for ensuring food security in India and around the world in the future. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by acknowledging that while vertical farming can provide solutions to some issues in traditional farming like pesticide overuse and supply shortages, it also highlights significant challenges such as high initial costs, public awareness, and the technical knowledge required to maintain these systems. These factors impede the potential for urban farming to fully replace traditional agriculture methods.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptography has been used throughout history to secure communications. [SEP] Text: αall (Intercept)γ (Length)Δ1,2,3NRTIΔ2NRTI+NNRTIΔ2NRTI+PI/rΔ2NRTI+PI1995+, ≤ 4 DRMs-0. 460. 0025-0. 068-0. 22-0. 067-0. 48(-0. 58,-0. 35)(0. 0024,0. 0027)(-0. 085,-0. 050)(-0. 23,-0. 20)(-0. 094,-0. 043)(-0. 68,-0. 30)1995+, All DRMs-0. 620. 0026-0. 049-0. 13-0. 0035-0. 20(-0. 72,-0. 51)(0. 0025,0. 0028)(-0. 061,-0. 036)(-0. 14,-0. 12)(-0. 019,0. 011)(0. 30,-0. 12)1989+, ≤ 4 DRMs-0. 910. 0026-0. 063-0. 22-0. 065-0. 48(-1. 00,-0. 78)(0. 0024,0. 0027)(-0. 084,-0. 044)(-0. 23,-0. 20)(-0. 098,-0. 034)(-0. 76,-0. 27) Additional files Supplementary file 1 Detailed description of treatment effectiveness computation including 10. 7554/eLife. 10670. 021 Download elife-10670-supp1-v2. zip Supplementary file 2 Detailed description of treatment effectiveness computation including 10. 7554/eLife. 10670. 022 Download elife-10670-supp2-v2. zip Supplementary file 3 Part (C) is a further summary of the final treatment effectiveness used throughout our analysis. This supplement has a full reference section describing the studies used. Download elife-10670-supp3-v2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided does not address the claim regarding the historical use of cryptography for securing communications. It appears to focus on data analysis and treatment effectiveness computations, which is unrelated to cryptography.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: 5 I was able to maintain an acceptable standard of care for my patientFull size imageFig. 6 Using the video consultation has been a positive experienceFull size imageFig. 7 I would recommend using video consultations to other cliniciansFull size imageFig. 8 Where clinically appropriate, I would prefer to use video consultations instead of a face-to-face appointmentFull size imageThe majority of clinicians also either strongly agreed (84. 4%) or agreed (12. 5%) that the video consultation was convenient, with only a small number neither agreeing nor disagreeing (2. 3%) or disagreeing (0. 8%) (Fig. 2). As shown in Figure 3, the results were more dispersed for whether clinicians felt they were able to assess their patient using the video consultation. Here, 53. 1% of clinicians strongly agreed and 37. 5% agreed. Although no clinicians strongly disagreed, 4. 7% disagreed and 4. 7% neither agreed nor disagreed. The majority of clinicians strongly agreed that via the video consultation, they were able to discuss their patient's care with them (78. 9%), with another 18. 0% agreeing with the statement. No clinicians neither agreed nor disagreed; however, 3. 1% did disagree with this statement (Fig. 4). Figure 5 shows the results for whether clinicians felt they were able to maintain an acceptable standard of care for their patient through the video consultation. The majority of clinicians either strongly agreed (57. 0%) or agreed (36. 7%) with this statement. Only a small number of clinicians neither agreed nor disagreed or disagreed, and none strongly disagreed. The majority of clinicians reported that using the video consultation had been a positive experience, with very few clinicians disagreeing (1. 6%) or neither agreeing nor disagreeing (4. 7%) (Fig. 6). Similar results were found for whether clinicians would recommend the use of video consultations to other clinicians (Fig. 7). Here, 73. 2% strongly agreed and 22. 1% agreed. Figure 8 shows the results for whether clinicians, where appropriate, would prefer to use video consultations instead of a face-to-face consultation. It can be seen that the results are more spread out for this statement, with less clinicians strongly agreeing (60. 2%) and agreeing (29. 7%) than for the other aspects of clinician satisfaction. More clinicians also felt that they neither agreed nor disagreed (8. 6%) than for the other areas assessed by the questionnaire. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim that many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. It presents various statistics, such as 84.4% of clinicians strongly agreeing that video consultations are convenient, and 78.9% strongly agreeing that they were able to discuss their patient's care effectively. Additionally, it notes that the majority of clinicians found the experience to be positive, with only a small percentage disagreeing. This comprehensive data indicates a high level of satisfaction among both clinicians, which can be extrapolated to reflect patient satisfaction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: Although countries like Europe, the USA, and Singapore have already implemented vertical farming and are dealing with big projects for future concerns, India still has a long way to go as it is restricted to only few self-interest-driven projects. Institutional support, awareness of the benefits associated with urban agriculture, and financial and technological support from the government can only attract the city dwellers and help them to move forward with the concept of urban agriculture in India. Progressive growth of urban agriculture can act as an urban regeneration tool for the cities by providing social interaction and increasing job opportunities and environmental benefits to the urban areas across the globe. Thus, to combat the challenges associated with rapid increase in population, the topic of “urban agriculture” is being closely monitored by scientists, city planners, and the sustainable agricultural community for a better future. 1. . Urban agriculture: Food, jobs and sustainable cities. Yesterday and Today. 2001. 2. Zeeuw HD. Cities, climate change and urban agriculture. magazine, number 25. September 2011;25:39-42 3. Population Fund. State of world population 2007, unleashing the potential of urban growth. 2007 4. United Nations. World population to 2300. 2004 5. Urban agriculture of the future: An overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings. Agriculture and Human Values. 2014;31:33-51. DOI: 10. 1007/s10460-013-9448-4 6. . The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities in developing countries. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2011;149:153-163. DOI: 10. 1017/S0021859610001279 7. é van V. Building resilient cities. magazine; June 2009;22 8. Heinberg R, Bomford M. The food & farming transition: Toward a post carbon food system. Institute, Spring. 2009 9. . Wastewater use for urban and peri-urban agriculture. for the Future: for Green and Productive Cities. Netherlands, Canada, Philippines: 2006 10. Bohn K, Viljoen A. The edible city: Envisioning the continuous productive urban landscape (CPUL). . Field: A free Journal for Architecture. 2011;4(1):149-161 11. Dubbeling M. Integrating urban agriculture in the urban landscape. Magazine. September 2011;25 12. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the current limitations and challenges of urban farming in India and suggesting that while urban agriculture can provide various benefits like social interaction and job opportunities, it is not positioned to fully replace traditional agriculture methods. The mention of India's slow progress and reliance on self-interest-driven projects indicates that urban farming alone cannot replace traditional methods across the board.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptographic algorithms rely on mathematical complexity for security. [SEP] Text: Data confidentiality designed to ensure the privacy of the data, that no one enters to obtain or know these facts or a specific service through which it prevented to know the contents of the information on all subscribers except the people who have been authorized to know and possess this information. This means that it designed to prevent snooping attacks and traffic analysis. 2. 2. Data integrity designed to protect information from change (delete, add, modify) by unauthorized persons. It may protect the whole message or part of it. 2. 3. service or function related to the verification of identification, or a method used to verify a user’s identity. Authentication required to access resource system. Figure 1. Security services. 2. 4. Non-ensures no agreement or action denied at a later time, the non repudiation service protects against repudiation by the sender or receiver of the data. The sender of data can later prove that data delivered to the intended recipient, for example, digital signature. 2. 5. Methods used to limit access to a resource system or physical site. Access control used to prevent unauthorized access to systems that encrypt. 2. 6. that the data can be accessed at any time continuously without interruption. An availability service is one that protects a system to ensure its availability. This service addresses the security concerns raised by denial-of-service attacks. It depends on proper management and control of system resources and thus depends on access control service and other security services. 3. actual implementation of security goals needs some techniques. Two of them are prevalent today: one is very general (cryptography). 3. 1. Cryptography Cryptography, a word with Greek origins means “secret writing. ” we use the term refers to the science and art of transforming messages to make them secure and immune to attacks. Although in the past cryptography referred to the encryption and decryption of messages using secret keys, today it is defined as involving three distinct mechanisms: symmetric-key decipherment, asymmetric-key decipherment, and hashing. 3. 2. Types of There are two kinds of key-based encryption algorithms, symmetric encryption algorithms (secret key algorithms) and asymmetric encryption algorithms (or public-key algorithms). 3. 3. Differences between Symmetric and encryption algorithms encrypt and decrypt with the same key. The main advantages of symmetric encryption algorithms are its security and high speed. Asymmetric encryption algorithms encrypt and decrypt with different keys. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about cryptographic algorithms relying on mathematical complexity for security. Instead, it discusses various aspects of data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and different types of cryptographic algorithms without mentioning the role of mathematical complexity in ensuring their security.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: Able to speak to both patient and mum Able to assess supernumerary and requirement for CBCT scan Able to assess anterior teeth but not able to properly assess patient's occlusion. Ideal for discussion [sic] treatment pathway/future treatment, answering queries Good retainer check Able to assess functional appliance progress especially overjet and overbite reduction Able to update patient on CBCT findings Good assessment of elastic use Very clear audio and visual connection Quality of call is dependent on correct technology from the patient end Shared BOS [Society] retainer video with the patient The quality of the picture from the patient was limited and not always clear. DiscussionThis study has shown there to be generally high levels of clinician satisfaction with the use of telemedicine for orthodontic patients across a range of different appointment types and encounters. The results also applied across a spectrum of different clinicians from two different specialties. For all of the satisfaction statements, over 89% of clinicians either strongly agreed or agreed, no clinicians strongly disagreed, and less than 5% disagreed with any of the statements. The areas of whether the video consultations were easy to use and convenient scored highly and confirm the previously reported advantages from the medical profession, such as improved efficiency and quality of service. 2,3,6,7 The capacity to assess patients and discuss their care with them had high levels of agreement. This reinforces the improved diagnosis and enhanced communication that comes with the addition of the visual element when providing care using this modality compared to a purely auditory telephone call. 8 These key elements all lead to the ability to maintain high standards of care, as demonstrated by good agreement with the satisfaction statement in this area. This may start to positively address the concerns that clinicians may have with regards to telemedicine compromising standards of care. Although there were high levels of satisfaction reported for 'if clinicians felt able to assess their patients', in retrospect, it may have been more appropriate for this question to have required a 'yes/no' answer rather than being answered using the five-point Likert scale. This would have allowed a more definitive assessment of whether clinicians felt able to assess their patients appropriately. This would enable a more robust evaluation of when it may be appropriate to use a video consultation instead of a face-to-face appointment. Further work to develop this would include a 'verification' face-to-face consultation to assess the accuracy of the video consultation, as reported by Martin et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that the study demonstrated high levels of clinician satisfaction with the use of telemedicine for orthodontic patients, with over 89% of clinicians either strongly agreeing or agreeing with positive satisfaction statements. The reference to improved efficiency and quality, as well as high agreement on the ease of use and convenience of video consultations, further supports the assertion that many patients likely share similar satisfaction with telehealth consultations.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban farming can replace all traditional agriculture methods. [SEP] Text: Birkby J. Vertical Farming; 2016. 13. Benke K, Tomkins B. Future food-production systems: Vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy. 2017;13(1):13-26. DOI: 10. 1080/15487733. 2017. 1394054 14. Schnitzler WH. Urban hydroponics for green and clean cities and for food security. 2013. 2013;2050:13-26 15. Despommier D. The vertical farm: Controlled environment agriculture carried out in tall buildings would create greater food safety and security for large urban populations. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. 2011;6:233-236. DOI: 10. 1007/s00003-010-0654-3 16. . Urban gardening in Germany: Cultivating a sustainable lifestyle for the societal transition to a bioeconomy. 2019;11:801. DOI: 10. 3390/su11030801 17. . Vertical farming increases lettuce yield per unit area compared to conventional horizontal hydroponics. Association of Applied Biologists; June 2016. DOI: 10. 1002/fes3. 83 18. Anda JD, Shear H. Potential of vertical hydroponic agriculture in Mexico. Sustainability. 2017;9:140. DOI: 10. 3390/su9010140 19. Loman LJ. Vertical farming: Can it change the global food production landscape? Project No. 1601. 2018 20. Sonawane MS. Status of vertical farming in India. of and Technology. 2018;9(4):122-125. DOI: 10. 15515/iaast. 0976-4828. 9. 4. 122125 21. Ali F, Srivastava C. Futuristic urbanism—An overview of vertical farming and urban agriculture for future cities in India. of in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2017;4(4):3767-3775 22. Singh AK, Das D. Integrated vertical farming system an innovative way of efficient utilization of small land and farm resources in urban areas. Indian Farming. 2018;68(06):23-24 information 1. Urban agriculture2. Need for urban agriculture/importance of urban agriculture3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a variety of agricultural techniques, including vertical farming and hydroponics, without asserting that urban farming can fully replace traditional methods. The mention of increased yields and food safety does not support the idea that urban farming could completely substitute conventional agriculture; it implies that urban farming may be an alternative or complement rather than a total replacement.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptographic algorithms rely on mathematical complexity for security. [SEP] Text: The results show the superiority of the 3DES algorithm over other algorithms in terms of the processing time. That AES has an advantage over other 3DES and DES in terms of time consumption and throughput. Figure 3. Time consumption of encryption algorithm. Figure 4. Throughput of each encryption algorithm (Megabyte/Sec). Figure 5. Throughput of DES, 3DES, and AES (Megabyte/Sec). Figure 6. of each encryption algorithm. Table 1. Comparative analysis of different cryptography algorithms. Table 2. Comparative execution times (in milliseconds) of encryption algorithms with different packet size. 6. paper presented the fair comparisons among three commonly used algorithms and the simulated. The selected encryption algorithms DES, 3DES and AES are used for performance evaluation. For performance evaluation files in different formats like text files, pdf files, word document, and images used and the experimental result based on encrypted file size and encryption time are recorded. Were presented into (35) factors, in the case of changing packet size, through the presented results under different hardware setting and using different languages. From the comparative analysis, results showed the capability of each algorithm. It concluded that the AES is the best performing algorithm than other common encryption algorithms used. The security has taken into consideration. access funding provided by Gulf Colleges. of this research was supported by the Gulf Colleges. This 4. 0 ( which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source. Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Conflicts of authors declare no conflicts of interest. 206. [2] Abd Elminaam, D. , Abdual Kader, H. M. and Hadhoud, M. M. (2010) Evaluation of the Performance of Algorithms. of Network Security, 10, 216-222. [3] Karule, K. P. and Nagrale, N. V. (2016) of for of for Data Security. of 2, 495-498. [4] Pavithra, S. and Ramadevi, E. (2012) Study and of Cryptography Algorithms. of in & Technology, 1, 84. [5] Stallings, W. (2014) Cryptography and Principles and Practice. . [6] Forouzan, B. A. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding the reliance of cryptographic algorithms on mathematical complexity for security. Instead, it primarily discusses the performance comparison of various encryption algorithms such as 3DES and AES in terms of processing time, time consumption, and throughput without mentioning the mathematical principles that contribute to their security. Therefore, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: 15 This would provide more confidence and clarity for clinicians to ensure that their clinical responsibilities and duty of care may be fulfilled. The strong agreement seen with the statements around positive experience, recommending the use of video consultations and having a preference for video consultations provides more evidence for the overall advantages for clinicians. This shows that it is a rewarding and beneficial form of communication for the individual, which should encourage the professional to develop and learn further skills in this area. Clinician satisfaction scores varied according to the encounter type, with the highest levels of satisfaction reported for retainer reviews, then arch wire reviews, followed by MDT consultations. This is also reflected in the comments, with individuals recognising the limitations of telemedicine where active treatment is required. As retainer reviews often require little or no mechanical treatment, it is probable that this may contribute to clinicians' confidence in carrying these out with video consultations. The nature of the treatment required for arch wire changes means that it is unlikely that video consultations can be used for long periods of time. However, with careful consideration and innovation, video consultations may be incorporated into active orthodontic treatment at defined and predictable stages, such as prescription and supervision of intraoral elastics, monitoring compliance with appliances or overseeing space closure. However, it is incumbent on clinicians, with peer review, to have insight on the restrictions of video consultations and to define the parameters of care which they can provide while maintaining high standards of care. Although no active treatment is provided at MDT consultations, due to multiple clinicians being on the video consultation, this may reduce the quality of the audio and visual feedback of these calls and thus be reflected in the decreased clinician satisfaction. Another consideration for our MDT consultations was a thorough, detailed preparation protocol (including records and radiographs, as necessary) of specific cases that have clear management strategies. Our guidance also required the patient to have previously been examined in person by a senior member of the team before requiring the video consultation. These cases could then be assessed easily using a video consultation; for example, assessment for frenectomies, surgical exposures or monitoring dental development. However, patients that require complex planning would still require a face-to-face consultation and may not be suitable for a video consultation. When considering the use of telemedicine in the wider areas of dentistry, it is important to appreciate the benefits and limitations of telemedicine with the aim of delivering safe and appropriate care. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that patients have a positive experience with telehealth consultations, as reflected in high levels of satisfaction reported for certain consultation types, specifically retainer reviews and video consultations. The mention of patients recommending the use of video consultations further supports the idea that many patients are satisfied with this mode of communication.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: SNS 로그인과 기관 인증을 함께 이용하고 싶으신 경우에는 기관 내부에서 이용 부탁드립니다. 이전 추천논문 함께 읽어보면 좋을 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 강남대학교 에서 많이 보고 있는 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문 이 논문과 함께 이용한 논문이 없습니다. 더보기 강남대학교 에서 많이 보는 논문은 다. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses unrelated topics such as institutional login and recommended papers without mentioning NASA or lunar missions. Therefore, it does not provide any information that supports, contrasts, or pertains to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Cryptographic algorithms rely on mathematical complexity for security. [SEP] Text: (2007) Cryptography and Network Security. -. [7] Mathur, M. and Kesarwani, A. (2013) Comparison between DES, 3DES, RC2, RC6, Blowfish and AES. Proceedings of on in 2013, 143-148. [8]. and Al-Nabhani, Y. (2010) Study between DES, 3DES and AES within Nine Factors. Journal of Computing, 2, 152-157. [9] Bala, T. and Kumar, Y. (2015) : A Review. Proceedings on on Advancements in Engineering and 2015, 1-4. [10] Verma, A. , Guha, P. and Mishra, S. (2016) of Algorithms. of & Technology in Computer Science, 5, 58-63. [11] Taqa, A. , Zaidan, A. A. and Zaidan, B. B. (2009) for in the. of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1, 566-571. [12] Abomhara, M. , Zakaria, O. , Khalifa, O. O. , Zaidan, A. A. and Zaidan, B. B. (2010) Encryption for H. 264/. of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2, 223-229. [13] -and Gunawan, T. S. (2009) for in the within between Standard and Distortion Techniques. of 3, 73-78. [14] Alanazi, H. , Jalab, H. A. , Zaidan, A. A. and Zaidan, B. B. (2010) Work of with in Non-Multimedia File. of Computer and Network Security, 2, 46-54. [15] Jeeva, A. L. , Palanisamy, V. and Kanagaram, K. (2012) of of Algorithms. of and Applications, 2, 3033-3037. [16] Sivakumar, R. , Balakumar, B. and Arivu Pandeeswaran, V. (2018) A Study of (DES, 3DES and AES) for Information Security. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5, 4133-4137. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address or provide any information regarding the relationship between cryptographic algorithms and mathematical complexity. It appears to be a list of references or studies related to various algorithms without confirming or rebutting the claim that cryptographic algorithms rely on mathematical complexity for security.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: Therefore, it is advisable that patients are pre-screened to assess their suitability for a video consultation. This will aim to ensure that the interaction is effective, efficient and beneficial to both the patient and the clinician. Selecting only appropriate cases will also help to maintain high levels of satisfaction for everyone involved in the consultation and ensure that high standards of care are maintained. The low number of patients that 'did not attend' their video consultation highlights another advantage of telemedicine for clinicians - reducing non-attendance. The 5. 3% 'failure to attend' rate compares favourably to 23% non-attendance rates across medical specialties for face-to-face appointments. 16This study focused on clinician satisfaction with video consultations in orthodontic care and, therefore, the results can be used to draw firm conclusions regarding orthodontics. However, these experiences could be considered applicable in other areas of dentistry as there are elements that are not exclusive to orthodontics. This data can provide a solid groundwork for future research in this area in the profession to help develop and advance the future applications of telemedicine in dentistry. ConclusionThis study has shown there to be generally high levels of clinician satisfaction with the use of telemedicine clinics in orthodontics across a range of different appointment types and encounters. Satisfaction varied according to the appointment type; therefore, this should be a factor for consideration when planning the most appropriate use of telemedicine clinics going forwards. However, the results have proved that video consultations can be considered in the modern armamentarium of technology to improve patient care and enhance communication in everyday clinical practice. Change history25 June 2021A Correction to this paper has been published: D, Jungwirth D. ICT and the future of health care: aspects of health promotion. 2015; 84: 48-57. . Use and uptake of eHealth in general practice: a cross-sectional survey and focus group study among health care users and general practitioners. 2016; DOI: 10. 2196/medinform. 4515. F, Schussler-M, et al. Barriers and facilitators to eHealth use in daily practice: perspectives of patients and professionals in Dermatology. J Res 2017; DOI: 10. 2196/jmir. 7512. énez N. Implementing technology in healthcare: Insights from physicians. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by mentioning 'high levels of clinician satisfaction with the use of telemedicine clinics in orthodontics', which implies that overall satisfaction is likely also high among patients. Additionally, it discusses that the careful selection of appropriate cases helps maintain 'high levels of satisfaction for everyone involved in the consultation', further supporting the assertion that patients experience satisfaction with telehealth.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: 인용양식변경 공지사항바로가기 Close 즐겨찾기 양식명 버전 즐겨찾기가없어요 자주 사용하는 인용양식을 검색 후 즐겨찾기에 등록하세요. 검색 자주 사용하는 인용 양식을 검색하세요. (저널명 or 학회명) search 검색하기 양식 저장 Close 국내 연구자를 위한 한국형 서지관리 서비스 DBpia에서 국내 연구자를 위한 서지관리 프로그램 싸이티지(Citeasy)를 오픈했어요. 워드는 물론, 한글까지 인용 정보를 관리할 수 있어요. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses citation management services and does not mention NASA, the Moon, or any related plans. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast with the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Social networks can significantly influence individual behavior. [SEP] Text: Abordem, en particular, l'efecte de la longitud de la finestra temporal utilitzada per reunir informació per tal de dissenyar l'estratègia d'immunització, sobre l'eficàcia de la mateixa vacunació, descobrint que una quantitat limitada d'informació és suficient per maximitzar l'efecte del protocol de vacunació. El nostre treball obre interessants perspectives per a futures investigacions, en particular pel que fa a la possibilitat d'ampliar el formalisme de xarxes de temps variable a sistemes múltiplex, compostos de diverses capes de xarxes interrelacionades, en la qual els mateixos individus interactuen entre ells en diferents capes. L'anàlisi empírica de les xarxes múltiplex és encara en la seva infantesa, de fet, mentre que la mineria de dades de grans sistemes socials, de diverses capes, és madur per ser explotat, demanant un esforç en l'anàlisi i modelització. La nostra comprensió de l'impacte de la dimensió temporal de les xarxes sobre els processos dinàmics que es desenvolupen sobre ells es pot aplicar a sistemes més complexos de múltiples capes, estudiant l'efecte de la correlació temporal entre les capes en la dinàmica de difusió. extraordinari doctorat 2013-2014 2014. DOI 10. 5821/dissertation-2117-95523. Available at: < Award-winningAward-winning URI DOI10. 5821/dissertation-2117-95523 DLB 27999-2014 - Departament de Física Aplicada (fins octubre de 2015) [66] Tesis - Totes les tesis [5. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the design of immunization strategies and the analysis of multiplex networks, without directly addressing how social networks influence individual behavior.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: Abstractoften used in medicine, video consultations are less commonly used in dentistry. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the orthodontic team at Hospital introduced the use of video consultations to provide continued patient care at a time when face-to-face appointments were not possible. assess patient and clinician satisfaction with the video consultations used by the orthodontic team at Hospital. separate satisfaction questionnaires were piloted and developed: one for patients and one for clinicians. All patients scheduled for a video consultation between 15 May 2020 and 15 June 2020 were invited to complete a patient satisfaction questionnaire at the end of their consultation. total, 114 patients attended video consultations in the time period assessed, of which 111 completed a satisfaction questionnaire (97. 4% response rate). Fifty-six percent of patients were female with an average age of 16. 5 years. Patient satisfaction was highest for the video consultations being easy to use and convenient. Over 90% of patients strongly agreed or agreed with all of the satisfaction statements and in terms of whether they would recommend using video consultations. Approximately one-third of patients preferred the video consultation to a face-to-face appointment and one-third of patients were neutral. study found high levels of patient satisfaction with video consultations in orthodontics. Thoughtful consideration needs to be given to the application of video clinics, going forwards, to ensure that high standards of patient care are maintained. Key points Gives an overview of the benefits and limitations of video consultations. Assesses patient satisfaction with video clinics in orthodontics. Highlights the potential for this new and evolving area in dentistry. Similar content being viewed by others Patient and clinician satisfaction with video consultations in dentistry - part two: clinician satisfaction 1. 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 In restorative dentistry, telemedicine has been found to provide safe and effective remote consultations which are equivalent to conventional consultations, with high acceptability reported for both patients and clinicians. 10 It has been found that the therapeutic presence of the professional is greater for video consultations than for telephone calls and that clinicians and patients communicate in the same way as a face-to-face consultation, with high levels of satisfaction reported. 11,12,13,14 With the benefits associated with video consultations, it has been suggested that they may replace traditional face-to-face appointments in some areas of medicine. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that 'high levels of patient satisfaction with video consultations in orthodontics' were found within the study. It specifically mentions that over 90% of patients 'strongly agreed or agreed with all of the satisfaction statements,' indicating a high satisfaction level with the telehealth method used during the consultations.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: Advertisement news careers commentary in Member sciencescience advancesscience immunologyscience roboticsscience signalingscience translational medicinescience partner journals anywhereTermin in in in in in JournalsTermSearching:: cancer climate artificial intelligence postdoc aging anywhereTerm science. org Custom publishing newsletters collections videos podcasts blogs visualizations prizes and awards authors & reviewers librarians advertisers about help Terms of -budget crunch, NASA seeks on budget crunch, NASA seeks on Return U. S. space agency calls for new proposals to reduce mission’s cost 15 Apr 20245:45 mission previously envisioned a team of robots—including a rocket-launching lander—retrieving samples collected by NASA’s Perseverance rover. Citing a budget shortfall, NASA is now soliciting ideas for faster and cheaper approaches. NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech Share:FacebookShare on ’s Return (MSR) mission may be the most audacious robotic exploration campaign ever conceived: a multimission attempt to collect rock samples from the and get them back to laboratories on Earth. But it is also exorbitantly expensive: A review last year found it could cost as much as $11 billion. Today, NASA’s leadership revealed that if the agency sticks with the current mission plan and spreads out its annual budget to politically acceptable levels, the samples wouldn’t be returned until 2040. “The bottom line is that $11 billion is too expensive, and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long,” said in a media teleconference. So it’s time to go back to the drawing board. To get the samples back faster and more cheaply, NASA is putting out a call to private industry and the agency’s centers alike, shaking the trees to see whether any new MSR approaches fall out. Starting tomorrow until 17 May, the agency will be collecting industry proposals for MSR, with the goal of developing more detailed mission architectures by the fall. Planetary science advocates wonder whether the fresh proposals will really be able to improve on the plan developed over the past decade at the Laboratory (JPL), which is managing the mission. “This isn’t a plan, it’s a Hail Mary,” says Casey Dreier, chief of space policy for the Planetary Society. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing NASA's budget challenges and its current focus on returning rock samples from Mars rather than returning humans to the Moon. It highlights that NASA may not return samples until 2040, which implies a significant delay in space missions, contradicting the claim that plans exist to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. The mention of budget shortfalls and the need to reevaluate mission plans suggests that NASA's priorities are not aligned with a Moon return within the claimed timeframe.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Social stratification can affect access to resources and opportunities. [SEP] Text: Loading. . . in With Username/your institution Basket en de fr Publish with us Submit your Proposal 2024 Competition 2024 & Events and & Law, Economics & Media & Society & & & and in × Zitatvorschau in to clipboard. ris BibTeX Zotero. bib EndNote. enw and Society by Joseph L. DeVitis (Volume editor) Pietro A. Sasso (Volume editor) ©2016 Textbook VIII, 310 eBook for US$ 47. 80 Download immediately. Incl. VAT Format: PDF and ePUB – for all devices Softcover for US$ 52. 50 Shipping in approx. 10 working days national, international shipping possible Hardcover for US$ 201. 75 Shipping in approx. 10 working days national, international shipping possible Add to cart education and society are becoming increasingly intertwined. Both act as a transmitter of culture, yet many colleges and universities also ideally seek to create a more perfectible society and more enlightened, engaged citizens. When the connections between social structures and post-secondary education are closely entangled, the university’s aims can take on a contentious struggle for identity in a vexing web of competing external interests – especially in light of scarce economic resources, corporate pressures, technological questions, and globalizing trends. and Society weighs the urgent question of how society and higher education influence each other. How the latter responds to that unsettled issue may well determine whether colleges and universities chart a more self-reflective path or one of rising deference to societal contingencies. This book is essential for all those who study and work in today’s colleges – and for all those who seek a better education for their children, the nation, and the world. It is especially recommended for courses in higher education and society, contemporary issues in higher education, the philosophy of higher education, academic issues in higher education, leadership in higher education, and globalization and higher education. The book is also useful for the preparation of faculty development programs in colleges and universities. the author(s)/editor(s) About the book This eBook can be cited Table of Part One: of on Society 1. On Purpose: and the Question of Value 2. Higher Education, the Professions, and the Place of Expertise 3. Higher Education: Private Good? Public Good? 4. 5. Education in the 6. Town and Gown Relationships: of the the Community 7. Two: of Society on 8. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address or relate to the claim regarding social stratification and its effects on access to resources and opportunities. It primarily discusses the relationship between education and society, the goals of higher education institutions, and the challenges they face. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: 15,16,17 The use of telemedicine is being encouraged in dentistry as a result of the challenges of the current healthcare climate. 18Table 1 The benefits of telemedicine for clinicians and patients reproduced with permission from K. Parker and M. Chia, 'Remote working in dentistry in a time of crisis - tools and their uses', Dental Update, 20203Full size tableThe use of telemedicine is a new and evolving area. Therefore, it is essential to gain patient and clinician feedback to ensure standards of care are maintained and high levels of satisfaction are achieved. 19 Existing research shows that patients tend to find web-based communication more acceptable than clinicians. 17,20,21,22,23,24 Research has also shown that a professional's attitude towards this type of consultation varies according to their previous experience. 17,20,21,22,23,24 Studies into conventional consultations have shown that the three main areas which contribute to good patient-clinician interactions and high levels of satisfaction are: information exchange; interpersonal relationship building; and shared decision-making. 25,26,27,28 There is currently insufficient evidence on the use of telemedicine in the areas of patient-clinician communication and patient satisfaction comparable to in-person consultations. 28During the COVID-19 pandemic, the orthodontic team at Hospital started to use telemedicine clinics through the platform. Within dentistry, there are currently no published studies assessing patient and clinician satisfaction with the use of telemedicine; therefore, this is an essential area of new research. AimsThis service evaluation aimed to assess patient and clinician satisfaction with the telemedicine clinics used by the orthodontic team at Hospital. The focus of this 2020. The video consultations were carried out with the clinician who was providing the patient's care and a parent if the patient was under the age of 18 years old or if the patient desired a parent to be present. Consent was obtained from the patient and/or parent verbally and recorded in the clinical notes. Clinicians logged into from the orthodontic department and patients logged in from their home. All patients were included in the study irrespective of appointment type, the reason for the consultation and which clinician they were seen by. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the evolving area of telemedicine in dentistry and emphasizing the need to gain patient feedback to maintain high levels of satisfaction. It mentions that existing research shows patients find web-based communication more acceptable than traditional methods, which indirectly supports the idea of high patient satisfaction with telehealth consultations.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: NASA’s announcement follows an independent MSR review conducted last year by a 16-member panel led by ’s former director of Mars exploration. That report emphasized the scientific importance of MSR but found the mission had a “near zero” probability of launching in the 2027-28 time frame, as originally conceived. The panel also estimated that NASA’s share of the mission, which is a collaboration with the Agency (ESA), would cost between $8 billion and $11 billion in all, and at times more than $1 billion per year; much more than the $5. 6 billion to $7. 2 billion the agency had initially estimated. Planetary science decadal surveys in 2011 and 2023 both named an MSR mission a top scientific priority. And the first phase began in 2021, when the agency’s Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater and began to collect and cache samples. Until today’s announcement, NASA planned to launch a robotic lander that would touch down near Perseverance. The rover would transfer samples to the lander, which would launch them off Mars’s surface with an onboard rocket. Waiting in Mars orbit would be an ESA-built spacecraft, which would rendezvous with the samples using a NASA-built capture system and return them to Earth. ESA’s spacecraft is currently slated to launch no earlier than 2027 and reach an operational orbit around Mars no sooner than 2030. In the briefing, ’s associate administrator for science, said ESA’s timeline “fits in our profile” and suggested the spacecraft could potentially wait in martian orbit as NASA readies a sample launch from the Red Planet’s surface. Fox added that ESA had participated in NASA’s latest evaluation of MSR. “ESA could not be any more involved at this point,” she said. For now, at least NASA’s part of the mission has been upended. At an online town hall meeting for agency employees and community scientists following today’s briefing, Fox suggested NASA would be open to designs that used “high-heritage” hardware, took on higher risks, or shrunk the rocket that gets the mission’s samples off the martian surface. “It is unfortunate that the climate that we’re in does not support the architecture as described,” Fox said. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing NASA's Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission and its complications, highlighting that the timeline for launching a mission related to Mars has been pushed back significantly, with estimates indicating that ESA’s spacecraft might not reach operational orbit around Mars before 2030. This presents an implication that NASA's focus on Mars significantly impacts or diminishes the prospects of returning humans to the Moon by the 2020s.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Social stratification can affect access to resources and opportunities. [SEP] Text: EnglishFrançaisEspañol08. 's Access to Opportunities, Control of Household Resources, and Publication: Women's Access to Opportunities, Control of Household Resources, and. . . Files in PDF (595. 49 KB) 634 downloads (85. 81 KB) 116 downloads Date2012-07ISSNPublished2012-07Author(s) there are many positive societal implications of increased female labor force opportunities, some theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that working can increase a woman's risk of suffering domestic violence. Using a dataset collected in peri-urban Dhaka, this analysis documents a positive correlation between work and domestic violence. This correlation is only present among women with less education or who were younger at first marriage. These results are consistent with a theoretical model in which a woman with low bargaining power can face increased risk of domestic violence upon entering the labor force as a husband seeks to counteract her increased bargaining power. By contrast, husbands of women who have higher baseline bargaining power cannot resort to domestic violence since their wives have the ability to leave violent marriages. These findings are inconsistent with the models of assortative matching in the marriage market, expressive violence, work in response to economic shocks, or underreporting of domestic violence. The results on age at marriage are also inconsistent with the implications of a reverse causality model in which women enter the labor force to escape violent situations at home, although the results on education are consistent with that story. Link to Data SetCitation“Heath, Rachel. 2012. Women's Access to Opportunities, Control of Household Resources, and Domestic Violence. working paper;no. WPS 6149. © World Bank, Washington, DC. License: CC BY 3. 0 IGO. ”URI publications in this report seriesPublicationMapping the to Groundwater-by to Pumping in Sub-(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-01) Zuffinetti, Guillaume; Meunier, SimonShow morePhotovoltaic-powered groundwater pumping offers a transformative solution for water services in underserved areas. However, without proper regulation, this technology could overexploit groundwater resources, threatening the groundwater-dependent ecosystems that rely on them. Often overlooked in development planning and water allocation, groundwater-dependent ecosystems hold significant socioeconomic and environmental importance. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding social stratification and its impact on access to resources and opportunities. Instead, it discusses women's access to labor force opportunities and the correlation with domestic violence, focusing on education and bargaining power dynamics within marriages, which are only tangentially related to the claim of social stratification.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: This ensured a large cross section of patients were included in the study that represented the population seen by the orthodontic team in the hospital. At the end of every video consultation, the patient was invited to complete the satisfaction questionnaire. They were advised that the survey was confidential, voluntary and would not affect their ongoing care. When the video consultation ended, the survey would automatically display on the patient's screen for completion. The following day, the administrative team sent a reminder e-mail to all patients with a link to the questionnaire; inviting patients to complete the questionnaire if they had not already done so. The questionnaire was primarily completed by the patient with assistance from a parent who had also attended the video consultation, if required. The questionnaire was hosted by which collated the data anonymously. Data were then analysed using. ResultsBetween 15 May 2020 and 15 June 2020, of the 114 patients who had video consultations, 111 patients completed the satisfaction questionnaire (97. 4% response rate). Of the patients who completed the questionnaire, 58. 6% were female and 41. 4% were male, with a mean age of 16. 5 years (range: 9-50 years). The 'failure to attend' rate for video consultations was 5. 3% (six patients). The results for the seven satisfaction statements are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Figure 1 shows if patients found the video consultation easy to use, and it can be seen that 68. 2% of patients strongly agreed and 29. 1% agreed. Fig. 1 The video consultation was easy to useFull size imageFig. 2 The video consultation was convenientFull size imageFig. 3 I was able to talk about my care easilyFull size imageFig. 4 The video consultation has been a positive experienceFull size imageFig. 5 I would use the video consultation againFull size imageFig. 6 I would recommend using video consultations to other peopleFull size imageFig. 7 Where possible, I would prefer to use a video consultation instead of a face-to-face appointmentFull size imageFigure 2 shows that the majority of patients strongly agreed that the video consultation was convenient (63. 6%) and another third of patients agreed (33. 6%). Figure 3 shows that the majority of patients felt that they could talk about their care easily, with 92. 9% either strongly agreeing or agreeing with this statement. The majority of patients either strongly agreed (66. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it provides survey results showing that a significant portion of patients had positive experiences with telehealth consultations. For instance, 68.2% of patients strongly agreed that the video consultation was easy to use, and 63.6% strongly agreed that it was convenient. Furthermore, 92.9% of patients felt that they could talk about their care easily, indicating high overall satisfaction with the telehealth experience.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: During the media briefing, Nelson emphasized that MSR’s budget woes didn’t just stem from ballooning mission costs. NASA also faces agencywide budgetary strains, which trace back to June 2023, when Congress and the reached a deal to temporarily suspend the United States’s debt ceiling. That agreement included a 2-year cap on the federal government’s nondefense discretionary spending, including NASA’s budget. Before that deal had been struck, NASA had projected a 2025 budget of more than $27 billion. In its fiscal year 2025 budget request, released in March, NASA requested $25. 4 billion: exactly what it received 2 years ago. Amid this broader budgetary uncertainty, NASA has already proposed canceling or winding down several programs, including the Chandra x-ray space telescope. JPL already laid off 8% of its staff in February. It may have to contend with more upheaval. In its most recent budget request, NASA listed MSR’s budget as to be determined, as the agency reviewed the mission ahead of the 15 April announcement. As NASA figures out MSR’s new path forward, Fox has now recommended that $200 million be allocated to MSR for the coming year: less than the $300 million minimum that Congress had set for MSR last year. “I take it back to the old country boy saying that you can’t put 10 pounds of potatoes in a 5-pound sack,” Nelson said. “We’re trying to figure out how to make this go forward. ” doi: 10. 1126/science. zsrzj2p Relevant tags: the author Greshko is a science journalist in Washington, D. C. More from news 25 Oct 2024 ‘Aerial arms race’ with birds may have turned ancient cicadas into ace fliers Pérez Ortega 25 Oct 2024 Can science and Islam coexist? A chemical engineer–turned–theologian sees common ground Rochmyaningsih 24 Oct 2024 Web of Science index puts eLife ‘on hold’ because of its radical publishing model more Got a tip for Science's news department? up for ScienceScience’s award-winning newsletter with the latest news, commentary, and research, free to your inbox daily. ScienceInsider 25 Oct 2024science and Islam coexist? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing NASA's budgetary challenges and uncertainties surrounding its various missions, rather than confirming any specific plans to return humans to the Moon. It mentions that NASA has proposed budget cuts and is reevaluating its missions, casting doubt on the feasibility of executing moon missions within the stated timeline.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Social stratification can affect access to resources and opportunities. [SEP] Text: This study maps the risk to groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Sub-from uncontrolled access to photovoltaic groundwater pumping using the analytic hierarchy process. It evaluates risks using data on irradiance, groundwater, and population, and novel data on groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Two scenarios are analyzed to improve the robustness of the findings. The results show that 92 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa’s groundwater-dependent ecosystems risk overexploitation if photovoltaic water pumping is implemented without proper controls. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Southern and Eastern Africa, particularly in and Namibia, are found to face higher risks, while those in Gabon, the Republic of Congo, and southern Nigeria tend to be less at risk. Comparing these results with populations relying on unimproved water sources highlights regions like southern Nigeria and South Sudan, which could be prioritized for potential photovoltaic water pumping system investments due to their higher groundwater development needs and lower risks to groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Conversely, areas like Namibia and South Africa, with lower groundwater development needs but higher risks to groundwater-dependent ecosystems, should require targeted investments and very close groundwater monitoring. These findings can help policy makers in targeting investments in photovoltaic water pumping systems and identifying regions needing careful monitoring to ensure sustainable groundwater use and minimal impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Show morePublicationLong-Term and of Training on (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-01) Campos, Francisco; Frese, Michael; Iacovone, Leonardo; Johnson, Hillary C. ; McKenzie, David; Mensmann, MonaShow moreA randomized experiment in Togo found that personal initiative training for small businesses resulted in large and significant impacts for both men and women after two years (Campos et al, 2017). This paper revisits these entrepreneurs after seven years, and finds long-lasting average impacts of personal initiative training of $91 higher profits per month, which is larger than the 2-year impacts. However, these long-term impacts are very different for men and women: the impact for men grows over time as they accumulate more capital and increase self-efficacy, whereas the impact for women dissipates, and capital build-up is much more limited. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the evaluation of risks to groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa related to photovoltaic water pumping and does not address social stratification or its effects on access to resources and opportunities. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: 7%) or agreed (27. 0%) that the video consultation was a positive experience, and similarly, most patients strongly agreed (59. 5%) or agreed (35. 1%) that they would use the video consultation again (Figures 4 and 5). When patients were asked if they would recommend using video consultations to other people, the majority of patients strongly agreed (58. 6%) or agreed (31. 5%) (Fig. 6). The results for whether patients would prefer a video consultation to a face-to-face appointment were more evenly spread across the different ratings, with approximately one-third of patients strongly agreeing or agreeing (33. 3%), one-third neither agreeing nor disagreeing (32. 4%) and one-third disagreeing or strongly disagreeing (34. 3%) (Fig. 7). At the end of the questionnaire, patients could add free-text comments. A selection representing the full range of patient comments is shown in Box 1. Overall, the remarks were positive, with patients finding the video consultations easy to use and helpful as an alternative to conventional appointments. The comments also reflect that some patients experienced technical difficulties and understood the disadvantages of video consultations. Box 1 A selection of the patient comments about their video consultation Very accessible and well organised It was great! Very easy to use and set up and I didn't have to wait long to be seen It was good to be able to see my orthodontist on the screen rather than just talking on the phone Worked well. Thank you The doctor was able to review my teeth and my retainer efficiently Seamless experience and a lot more time efficient for me. Thank you! Convenient for feedback using this system but will eventually need a face-to-face consultation The video consultation worked really well and at this point in time feels safer than coming into the hospital. Thank you very much for taking the time to check on my son. Highly recommend the video calls All ok and easy to use; however, it was very difficult to show inside the mouth/braces/gaps between teeth. Looking forward to traditional consultations for these reasons It took a few goes to work and the waiting was a bit long, the music was annoying. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by showcasing that a significant majority of patients had positive experiences with video consultations. Specifically, it mentions that 59.5% strongly agreed and 35.1% agreed they would use video consultations again, indicating high satisfaction. Additionally, the overall patient remarks highlighted in Box 1 reflect a general positivity towards the video consultations, with comments describing them as 'very accessible,' 'great,' and 'seamless.' This supports the claim that many patients are satisfied with such services.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: NASA has plans to return humans to the Moon by the 2020s. [SEP] Text: “We don’t really know what the problem is here. ” Fears for the mission escalated in July, when the Senate committee that oversees NASA spending warned it would be canceled if the agency couldn’t keep costs to $5. 3 billion. The corresponding House of Representatives committee is likely to be more supportive, however. In the end Congress might work with the agency to set a new but stricter cost cap, much as it did a decade ago for the $10 billion JWST space telescope, a budget-busting mission that became too big to fail, says Allen Cutler, CEO of the Coalition for Exploration and a former appropriations staffer focused on NASA. “Nerves have been touched. is letting NASA know that they’ve got some work to do. ” But some planetary scientists would be glad to see the Senate follow through with its threat. One is of College, who serves as deputy principal investigator for Veritas, a mission selected in 2021 to map Venus with radar. Late last year, NASA delayed Veritas until 2031 or later because of staffing shortages at JPL and cost overruns with MSR and other large missions. NASA has kept the science team on a “life support” fund of $1. 5 million, Dyar says, but “the team is losing people like crazy. ” Meanwhile, MSR’s potential scientific return does not excite her. “actually believe we’ll find signs of life in the returned samples? No. ” NASA has also postponed its next billion-dollar mission in the series by 3 years, and it is delaying work on a flagship Uranus probe. The damage is not confined to NASA’s planetary science division. Most prominently, the agency postponed work on the $1. 4 billion Constellation, six satellites that will study the upper atmosphere, causing universities to lay off staff hired to work on GDC instruments. “You’re cutting the artery, the lifeblood, of our science,” says space physicist of the University of Iowa. “All of NASA science is taking a hit because of the MSR burden. ” NASA has been using its smaller missions as “piggy banks” for problems with larger projects, says Sean Solomon, retired director of Columbia University’s Lamont–Observatory. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the significant budgetary and operational challenges facing NASA, including the Senate's warning of mission cancellation unless costs are controlled. It implies that NASA's current focus and resources are being stretched due to issues with other projects and delays, which casts doubt on the feasibility of returning humans to the Moon by the claimed timeline.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Social stratification can affect access to resources and opportunities. [SEP] Text: Show morePublicationLines to Self-Reliance (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-09-30) Hoogeveen, Johannes; Hopper, RobertShow moreHumanitarian models of refugee assistance increasingly promote refugee self-reliance without offering a clear understanding of what constitutes self-reliance, or how to measure it, although measurement is essential to assess whether the promotion of self-reliance has been successful. This paper proposes an approach to measuring self-reliance rooted in global poverty measurement: a refugee is self-reliant if their self-earned income exceeds the locally relevant poverty line. In its empirical application, the paper uses estimates of self-reliance drawn from 11 consumption surveys, which present the universe of data that can be used for such purposes. Refugees in middle-income countries are found to be far more likely to be self-reliant than those in lower income countries, while refugees residing in urban and non-camp settings demonstrate higher levels of self-reliance than those in rural and camp environments, reflecting the presence of greater economic opportunities outside camps and in urban areas. The paper also finds evidence that aid and self-reliance are inversely correlated, with more aid spent in environments where refugee self-reliance is constrained. The paper argues that a different outcome should be envisaged, one in which governments that encourage refugees to be self-reliant receive more aid. Such an approach would be beneficial for refugees, who would gain financial autonomy, and for host country citizens, who often face high levels of poverty and at times are even poorer than refugees. Show morePublicationand Informality in Kenya’s (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-09-30) Wiedemann, Verena; Kirui, Benard K. ; Khandelwal, Vatsal; Chacha, Peter W. Show moreThe spatial configuration of domestic supply chains plays a crucial role in the transmission of shocks. This paper investigates the representativeness of formal firm-to-firm trade data in capturing overall domestic trade patterns in Kenya — a context with a high prevalence of informal economic activity. It first documents a series of stylized facts and shows that informal economic activity is not randomly distributed across space and sectors, with a higher incidence of informality in downstream sectors and smaller regional markets. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various aspects of refugee self-reliance and economic opportunities without directly addressing social stratification or its impact on access to resources and opportunities. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the specific claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Many patients report high satisfaction with telehealth consultations. [SEP] Text: But overall a positive experience It's a good way for keeping patients and staff updated for quick check-ups The call was a success and would not hesitate to use it again providing no manual treatment is required I found the video consultation super easy to use and very convenient. I feel more optimistic and encouraged Sometimes the call was a bit laggy. The doctor was talking but there was a delay with the sound coming through Very useful and reassuring to be able to communicate with your consultant. However, 1-1 contact cannot be beaten. DiscussionThis study establishes high levels of patient satisfaction with telemedicine clinics for orthodontic patients across a broad range of appointment types. For all of the six satisfaction statements, the vast majority of patients either strongly agreed or agreed, with only a small number neither agreeing nor disagreeing. For only two statements did a very small number of patients disagree. The areas with the highest satisfaction were ease of use and convenience, both of which had over 97% of patients strongly agreeing or agreeing. The high degrees of satisfaction in the ease of use demonstrate that telemedicine is technologically accessible and only requires basic computer literacy. This is relevant in ensuring that this mode of communication is available to all demographics of society. The benefit of convenience for patients is also highlighted in the patient comments. Even though a set appointment time was given to patients, the convenience was emphasised by not having to travel and the patient attending the video consultation from a familiar, comfortable environment. For the remaining satisfaction statements, more than 90% of patients strongly agreed or agreed. The area with the relatively lowest satisfaction was the ability of patients to talk about their care easily, with 92. 8% of patients strongly agreeing or agreeing. However, this category still scored well. This score may also reflect the technical difficulties experienced by patients and adjusting to this new way of communicating. Considering that 55% of communication is with facial expression and body language, this may explain how verbal communication is enhanced by the visual element from the video. 30 This is significant for patients whose first language may not be English or who have hearing impairments. The final question asked patients if they would prefer a video consultation to a face-to-face appointment, if appropriate. This statement had the widest range of responses. Approximately one-third of patients strongly agreed or agreed, one-third neither agreed nor disagreed and one-third of patients disagreed or strongly disagreed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by demonstrating that overall levels of patient satisfaction with telemedicine are high. It notes that 'the vast majority of patients either strongly agreed or agreed' with statements regarding their satisfaction levels, emphasizing areas such as ease of use and convenience where more than 97% of patients expressed positive sentiments. Additionally, patient comments highlight the convenience and reassurance of telehealth communication, supporting the assertion that many patients are satisfied with telehealth consultations.