Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices make regular cleaning unnecessary. [SEP] Text: Cleaning of 10 percent of the air exhausted directly from the pit removes 73 percent of the ammonia emission and related to the cleaning capacity this is 8 times as efficient as cleaning all the air from the room. But due to increased ammonia release in the pit ventilated system the consumption of acid to reduce the ammonia emission with a certain amount will increase with about 35 percent. Advertisement 3. Airflow pattern and ventilation efficiencyVentilation systems in livestock buildings are designed to remove heat, moisture and containment gases in order to maintain temperatures and concentrations that are suitable for the animals. The airflow in pig units with diffuse air inlet through the ceiling is characterised by low air velocities primarily generated by the buoyancy force due to the convective heath release from the animals, and CFD-analyses have shown relative large spatial difference in temperature and concentrations in these systems, and consequently, there exists a potential to improve the ventilation effectiveness if the exhausts can be moved to locations with higher temperatures or concentrations. Pigs are usually resting more than 80 percent of the time and the therefore the heat release will be most concentrated and generate a higher temperature and an upward air stream above the resting area. This has inspired to conduct an analysis of the influence of moving the exhaust to a location immediately above the resting area as it appears from Fig. 12. The result presented in Fig. 13 shows that if the air change is maintained at 40 m3pig-1h-1 then the general air temperature level will drop about three degrees. Ventilation systems in modern pig production facilities are usually designed to control the air change in a way that maintains a predefined temperature measured by a temperature sensor above the animals. Figure 12. Pig unit with two alternative ventilation exhausts (through ceiling or above animals). The lower picture in Fig. 13 shows that the air temperature distribution becomes very similar to the ceiling exhaust case if the air change is reduced 40 % in the case with exhaust above the resting area. Additional analysis shows that a 40 % reduction of air change in combination with location of the exhaust above the resting area will not degrade the condition in relation to carbon dioxide or ammonia concentrations in the room. Potential benefits of such an arrangement will be reduced energy consumption for running the ventilation system, reduced emissions - where especially odour emission can be expected to decrease with decreased air change and finally if air cleaning of the entire air change are required it may result in significant savings in both investments and operation cost. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing the necessity of cleaning to remove ammonia emissions effectively. It states that cleaning a specific amount of air exhaust is significantly more efficient than relying solely on indoor air quality devices. Additionally, it discusses the importance of ventilation systems in maintaining suitable conditions for livestock, suggesting that cleaning is still an essential component of managing air quality, contrary to the claim that devices make regular cleaning unnecessary.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: The purified curcumin was lyophilized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR, Mass and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The melting point of the compound was observed at 181 °C and the UV–visible spectrum with λmax was recorded at 425 nm. IR bands (υ cm−1) showed the presence of prominent functional groups of curcumin at 3653 (–OH), 2979 (C–H), 1625 (C = C), 1264 (C–O–C), 1026 (C-O–H). 1HNMR spectrum (400 -d6) produces prominent proton peaks (δ ppm) at 3. 837 (s, 6H, OCH3), 6. 056 [s, 1H, C(OH) = CH], 6. 777 (d, 2H, 2,6-H), 6. 833 (d, 2H), 7. 160 (d, 2H), 7. 325 (s, 2H), 7. 567 (d, 2H, 1,7–H), 9. 667 (br s, 2H, phenolic –OH). Chemical shift with δ value at 3. 837 depicted a singlet peak which corresponds to the existing of two methoxy groups; whereas, a sharp δ value at 9. 667 represent the presence of phenolic hydroxy group. The two aromatic proton signals at δ value region of 6. 833 and 7. 160 each of them integrated for four protons diagnostic for two identical para-substituted benzene rings. 13C NMR spectrum (125 ) represents distinct carbon peaks (δ ppm) at 55. 60, 100. 79, 111. 29, 115. 64, 121. 00, 123. 02, 126. 26, 140. 63, 147. 91, 149. 27, 183. 12. 13C NMR chemical shift with δ value at 55. 60 clearly signify the carbon atom corresponding to methoxy group; whereas, δ value at 183. 12 depicted the carbon atom corresponding to enol and keto group. Furthermore, the mass spectra (TOF–MS-ES+) depicted that the base peak at m/z 177. 056 and a molecular ion peak [M + H]+ at 369. 135 was detected. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides detailed analytical information regarding the characterization of purified curcumin, including its melting point and spectral data. However, it does not mention or provide any information related to the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Fusion energy research aims to replicate the sun’s energy production process on Earth. [SEP] Text: is as Important as Production for Climate and 1 1253 Accesses 1 all metrics Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. Fusion, once commercialized, has the potential to be a significant source of energy to help humanity address climate change and energy poverty. In developed countries, fusion could help decarbonize transportation, heating and industrial processes. In developing countries, fusion could bring energy to those in desperate need. However, fusion will not be able to make these contributions if it is not accepted by society, i. e. , if it fails to secure a social license [1,2,3]. Fortunately, given the early stage of fusion’s development, there is currently a window of opportunity to avoid the missteps of other energy technologies, like fission, and lay the foundation for long term social acceptance. In particular, the fusion community can anticipate and address public concerns pertaining to, for example, waste, water use, aesthetics, non-proliferation, supply chains, and the distribution of benefits, risks and harms, now by thoughtfully adjusting technology and business models, before technical and commercial choices are locked-in. Although it is possible that the accomplishment of a burning plasma and the promise of a nearly unlimited fuel source is enough to secure social acceptance, it would be prudent to assume that this accomplishment will not be sufficient. Ignoring the challenge of social acceptance risks a future in which fusion plateaus as a niche energy source. Technologies that lack social acceptance have limited scale because of increased capital costs, litigation costs and risks, and regulatory burdens [4]. Almost all energy technologies face this challenge. For example, wind turbines and their associated transmission lines face siting challenges due to acceptance issues [5,6,7,8,9]. The social acceptance challenges of fission power have been perhaps the most studied. For the past thirty years, fission plants have generated about 20% of the electricity consumed in the U. S. and 10% of the electricity consumed worldwide, but fission has been unable to increase this fraction and struggles to maintain this level. The social license literature suggests that fission struggles not because it splits atomic nuclei, but rather, because it lacks social acceptance [10, 11]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the potential of fusion energy to serve as a significant source of energy, which aligns with the idea of replicating the sun's energy production process on Earth. The mention of fusion having the potential to address climate change and energy poverty also ties back to the broader goals of fusion energy research.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices make regular cleaning unnecessary. [SEP] Text: 8 m3 min–1 (170CFM), and for the same cases described before, without and with the unipolar and bipolar ionizers. In these decay curves, we can clearly see the benefit of high efficiency filtration on the aerosol decay rates that are one order of magnitude higher than the decay rate without ventilation. Also, in this case, the unipolar ionizer enhances the mass concentration decay rates by only 6 to 10% for positive and negative unipolar ions respectively. In this case the enhancement is only from the additional p9. Aerosol mass concentration decay with ventilation (100% filtered outdoor air). 3. 5 with Cleaners and Ventilation Fig. 10 shows the aerosol number concentration decay of the PuraShield® air cleaner at the high flow setting of 7. 08 m3 min–1 (250CFM) with the ionizer turned OFF and with the unipolar ionizer turned ON at –5. 0 kV, –7. 5 kV, and –10. 0 kV. It is clear that higher unipolar ionizer voltages lead to faster decay rates when compared to the decay rate with the ionizer turned OFF. The decay rates are 14%, 21%, and 35% higher at –5. 0 kV, –7. 5 kV, and –10. 0 kV respectively. These higher decay rates are due to enhanced wall deposition and to higher filtration efficiency of the air cleaner filter element, both by the additional electrostatic deposition mechanism at play. The PuraShield® air cleaner only has mechanical air filtration and no ionizer built in, so the improved performance is due to the operation of the unipolar ionizer in the room. The improved decay rates translate directly in higher CADR values per the AHAM standard. It is worth to comment that this air cleaner has a lower CADR than expected at the high flow setting, so either the filter is not HEPA, or it has a significant internal bypass inside the unit. Fig. S3 in the supplementary materials shows the decay rates of the PuraShield® air cleaner without the ionizer at the 3 flow settings and the corresponding measured CADR calculated values and the corresponding effective air cleaning efficiencies. Fig. 10. Aerosol number concentration decay for PuraShield™ air cleaner. Fig. 11 shows the aerosol number concentration decay of the Braun SensorAir™ air cleaner operated at the mid (i. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the effectiveness and benefits of air cleaners, particularly focusing on the decay rates of aerosol concentrations with and without an ionizer. It emphasizes that air cleaning devices, like the PuraShield® air cleaner, enhance filtration efficiency and highlight their importance in improving air quality, suggesting that regular cleaning is still necessary in conjunction with the use of such devices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: All these analytical spectroscopic features are in line with the data reported in the literature thus signifying the identity of curcumin isolated from Lakadong rhizome [17, 40, 41]. The results are shown in Fig. 1. Formulation of Curcumin loaded nanosuspensionHomogenous nanosuspensions were obtained by the precipitation-sonication method. The precipitation method of nanosuspensions preparation is instantaneous, straightforward and easy [42]. Characterization of curcumin NSP0. 2 ± 0. 1, indicating suitable size and distribution. From the study, the of the formulations was found to be − 2. 92 ± 0. 2 mV. Optimization of the Cur-NSThe nanosuspensions were optimized by using drug concentration, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase, Polymer (PLGA) concentration, and stabilizer (Poly vinyl alcohol) concentration as the variables. The effects of these independent variables on the dependent variables (p0. 25% and PVA concentration of 0. 6% were considered as optimized variable conditions as shown in Table 3. F3, which was the optimized NS, was found to have p157. 1 ± 2. 4 and polydispersity index 0. 132 ± 0. 052. Table 3 Formulation table for optimized (Cur-NS)Full size tableTransmission electron microscopy (TEM)The morphology and size of the formulations were observed by TEM studies. The nanop98. 52% ± 0. 2 which can be considered sufficient. In vitro drug releaseIn vitro release behavior of Curcumin from the optimized Cur-NS was observed for 24 h. A sustained drug release rate was observed with almost 80% drug being released in initial 4 h indicating an initial burst release followed by sustained release upto to 90. 0 ± 1. 6% in 24 h. Preparation of Cur-NS based topical gelHomogenous nanogels were obtained by adding the Carbopol as the gelling agent in the optimized Cur-NS, followed by cross linking by addition of triethanolamine as the alkali. Optimization and evaluation of the topical gelEvaluation of the Cur-nanogelsThe Cur-Nanogel was optimized by observing the effect of varying concentration (0. 2–0. 5%) of the Carbopol and alkali (triethanolamine) and its effect on the physicochemical properties e. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses the formulation, optimization, and characterization of curcumin-loaded nanosuspensions without mentioning any anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Fusion energy will single-handedly solve global warming with no other interventions. [SEP] Text: Share of energy imported from specified areas, such as the and Russia, for index of stable energy supply, or of import risk by two big threats of political condition instability and marketing power. Diversity of energy supply, for index of energy best mix, which is calculated by ∑i Wij2,Wij: Share of respective energy i (Coal, Oil, Gas, Nuclear, and Renewable) in energy supply for each country j. Energy consumption per unit GDP, for index of energy usage efficiency. CO2 emission ratio, for index of global environmental problem measure, which is calculated by ∑i Wij ×Ci,Ci: CO2 emission per unit energy consumption of respective energy for each country. 2nd step: Estimate the deviation of data of each nation on each factorA normal distribution of data is assumed. The lower point for each factor indicates the better performance, that is the higher score of Yij, from the viewpoint of energy security. Yij= 50 + 10 ×Xij – Std XiE4Ave Xi: Average of Xij for each factorStd Xi: Standard deflection of Xij for each factorXij: Data on each factor i of each nation jYij: Deviation of data on each factor i of each nation j3rd step: Sum up the above estimated scores of the adopted factorsAverage score of Zj indicates the relative energy security level of seven countries. Zj= Ave YijE5Ave Yij: Average of Yij for each nation j The estimation is made by the data of OECD/IEA energy statistics [8,11,14]. 3. 3. 3. 2. ResultsThe scores on energy security levels of seven OECD nations for 2005 were calculated. The scores of Canada, US, and UK, resource-supplying countries, are relatively higher scores, compared with other nations, poor resource countries. Among the poor resource countries, Germany shows good diversification and France has good self-sufficient rate due to its high nuclear production capability, while Japan has low scores for factors except energy usage efficiency. Figure 22 shows the trend of the scores on energy security levels of seven OECD nations for about 30 years (presented by five points) [8]. The method estimates energy security levels based on relative comparison. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about fusion energy solving global warming. It discusses factors related to energy supply security and consumption efficiency, as well as CO2 emission measures, but does not address fusion energy or its role in combating global warming. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices make regular cleaning unnecessary. [SEP] Text: e. , 2) and high flow settings (i. e. , 4), with and without the unipolar ionizer at –7. 5 kV. It is worth noting that this air cleaner has an internal ionizer that charges the p6. 03 m3 min–1 (213CFM), consistent with the value of 5. 49 m3 min–1 (194CFM) specified by the manufacturer for smoke aerosols. Fig. 11. Aerosol number concentration decay for Braun SensorAir™ air cleaner. 3. 6 Model for Decay and the validated analytical model derived by Cao et al. (2021), the following equations can be used to predict the mass concentration of p97. 15 m2) V: total volume of the room (57. 17 m3) M0: Initial p0. 94, MERV 8 + MERV 15 filters) ηIAC: IAC (indoor air cleaner) filter efficiency QAHU: flow rate of AHU (0 or 4. 81 m3 min–1) QIAC: flow rate of IAC (0, 1. 33, 3. 54 or 7. 08 m3 min–1 for the PuraShield™ air cleaner) kw: Wall-loss coefficient (calculated from data) ki: Ion-wall-loss coefficient (calculated from data) S: source term (zero when atomizer is off and no activity in the room) For the case of natural decay rate in the room with no ventilation, Eq. (1) is simplified to: where Table 2 shows the calculated (exponential regression) wall loss coefficients for no ionizer and for unipolar positive and negative ions, using the decay curves shown in Fig. 8. The unipolar ionizer wall loss coefficients are as large as the natural wall loss coefficient, effectively doubling the wall deposition in the room. For the case of aerosol room decay with the HVAC system operating at 4. 81 m3 min–1 Eq. (5) still applies, but the coefficient b has an additional term: Table 3 shows the empirical decay constants for the 3 cases tested, with the last three rows estimating the natural, positive and negative ion induced decays, showing good agreement with the values shown in Table 2. This agreement indicates that the ion enhanced wall deposition remains when the HVAC system is running. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the effectiveness of air cleaners that utilize unipolar ionizers, which enhance wall deposition rates of aerosol particles. This implies that while air cleaners may improve air quality, they do not eliminate the need for regular cleaning, as enhanced wall deposition still requires maintenance of surfaces. Additionally, the calculations presented in the text suggest that there are parameters that affect indoor air quality and how ionizers interact with cleaning practices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: g. pH, Viscosity, Gel strength and Spreadability. The pH, viscosity, gel strength and spreadability of the prepared Cur-Nanogels were found to be optimum at of 0. 3%. The optimized Cur-Nanogel was found to be smooth, translucent, clear, homogenous with good spreadability and consistency. The gels showed good consistency with Viscosity of 20,480 ± 456 cp, which was a desired consistency for patient compatible topical application. The spreadability was found to be 20. 0 ± 1. 6 g/cm2. The gels showed good gel strength of 9. 0 ± 0. 4 g and showed slightly acidic pH at 6. 50 ± 0. 3 which is safe for topical application as shown in Table 3. Drug loading in Cur-nanogelThe drug loading efficiency in the prepared Cur-Nanogel was determined by the HPLC method. Sufficient drug loading of 61. 2 ± 4. 5% was obtained by the method used for preparation of nanogel in the optimized Cur-NS. Stability studiesStability studies of developed formulation were performed according to ICH guidelines for 30 days. From the study it was observed that the optimized formulation exhibited good stability behavior in terms of pH, physical appearance, viscosity, spreadability and drug content as shown in Table 4. No change in properties of the gel is observed for the formulations stored at room temperature, 4 °C and 40 °C. Table 4 Evaluation of Optimized Cur- NS Loaded NanogelFull size tableEx vivo skin permeation studyFrom the ex vivo skin permeation Study using rat skin, Cur-NS-nanogel showed a much controlled permeation with steady state flux of 21. 28 ± 0. 23 µg/cm2/hr in 24 h in comparison to gel which showed higher steady state flux of 36. 38 ± 0. 23 µg/cm2/hr. The permeation coefficients were similarly found to be 2. 031 ± 0. 0064(×103 cm/min) and 3. 6 ± 0. 0064 (×103 cm/min) in Cur-NS-Nanogel and Gel respectively (Table 5). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on the physical properties, stability, and permeation characteristics of Cur-nanogels, without mentioning the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin itself.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Sound therapy is being explored to support relaxation and reduce stress levels. [SEP] Text: of Relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of novice music teachers during Covid-19 movement control order (MCO) Version 2. 0 Poon, Chiew Hwa; Yong, Peyee, 2022, "of Relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of novice music teachers during Covid-19 movement control order (MCO)", UNF:6:p84/mSpmOZmTj39noilXMA== [fileUNF] about Standards. (258. 1 KB) (. tab) ZIP (224. 7 KB) Metrics 2,898 The outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19) has contributed stress to many people around the world due to fear and anxiety. Other than health issues, it threatened the overall economy and influenced a drastic change of lifestyle. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the stress level of novice music teachers in Malaysia. This research investigated on: (1) the career and stress-related challenges of music teachers; (2) effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR); and (3) potential confounding factors. Total of 30 participants were divided equally into high-moderate stress and low stress groups based on their stress scores measured by Scale-10 (PSS-10). 10 participants were interviewed about their career and stress-related challenges which then categorised into: professional and non-professional. Professional challenges included online teaching and learning, time management and financial issue while non-professional challenges included physiological issues, emotional issues and “new normal”. All participants were experimented with intervention of music and PMR. Results revealed significant decrease in stress scores among majority of music teachers from high-moderate stress group and insignificant difference in low stress group. The same 10 participants were interviewed to examine on the confounding factors affecting the experiment results which were categorised into personal, music and methodological factor. The intervention was useful as a stress-reduction therapy and more beneficial on participants with higher stress level. (2021-09-24) and Humanities; Medicine, Health and -19, Stress, Novice music teachers, Music listening, Progressive muscle relaxation Yong, P. Y. (2021). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a quasi-experimental study that examines the effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of novice music teachers. The results revealed a significant decrease in stress scores among most participants, indicating that the intervention of music and PMR serves as a stress-reduction therapy.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices make regular cleaning unnecessary. [SEP] Text: For the case of aerosol room decay with the indoor air cleaner, Eq. (5) is still applicable with the coefficient b as: Using the measured number concentration decay constants shown in Fig. S2 (ionizer OFF), and with the manufacturer’s specified flow rates at the low, medium, and high flow settings (assuming 5% flow rate uncertainty), the effective efficiency of the PuraShield™ air cleaner can be calculated at each flow setting. The results are shown in Table 4 with overall efficiencies lower than 99%, which may be due to a significant internal bypass flow that does not get filtered, leading to lower-than-expected CADR values, considering the internal filter is rated as a HEPA filter. We tested another identical air cleaner and obtained equivalent results. Table 4 also shows the calculated CADR values for the PuraShield™ air cleaner at high flow, and with the ionizer at –5. 0, –7. 5, and –10. 0 kV, showing a significant improvement of up to 42% in the CADR. Using the measured decay constants shown in Fig. 11 for the Braun SensorAir® air cleaner, Table 5 shows the calculated CADR values at the 2 flow settings tested, without and with the additional unipolar ionizer turned ON. Since this air cleaner has an ifD® filter element which relies on electrostatic precipitation ( to remove the p1765. Cao, Q. ,. , Pei, C. , Pui, D. Y. H. (2021). An experimentally validated analytical model for aerosol number concentration reduction in classrooms. Qual. Res. 21, 210038. Ding, J. , Yu, C. W. , Cao, S. J. (2020). HVAC systems for environmental control to minimize the COVID-19 infection. Environ. 29, 1195–1201. Grinshpun, S. A. , Mainelis, G. , Trunov, M. , Adhikari, A. , Reponen, T. , Willeke, K. (2005). Evaluation of ionic air purifiers for reducing aerosol exposure in confined indoor spaces. 15, 235–245. Guo, M. , Xu, P. , Xiao, T. , He, R. , Dai, M. , Miller, S. L. (2021). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the efficiency of the PuraShield™ air cleaner, specifically stating that the overall efficiencies are lower than 99% and that there may be significant bypass flow that does not get filtered. This implies that while these devices can improve air quality, they do not eliminate the need for regular cleaning, as they do not perform at full efficiency and might allow pollutants to bypass filtration.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Therefore, the presence of curcuminoids, which have substantial antioxidant activity, may be responsible for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the LKDCH extract. Homogenous nanosuspensions were obtained by the precipitation-sonication method. The precipitation method of nanosuspensions preparation is instantaneous, straightforward and easy [42]. The high drug saturation concentration and the rapid solvent injection into the antisolvent results in such precipitation into nanop0. 2 ± 0. 1, indicating suitable size and distribution. This size range and the homogeneity are because of the method of preparation by precipitation followed by sonication. This decreased size might result in increased surface area which may result in the increased saturation solubility and release of curcumin [54]. From the study, the of the formulations were found to negative that might be due to the surfactant or due to the terminal carboxylic groups. The reduced surface charge reflects better surface coverage due to the use of non ionic surfactant which results in steric stabilization. PVA was used as a steric stabilizer since steric stabilization has several advantages over electrostatic stabilization as the nanop0. 25% and PVA concentration of 0. 6% were considered as optimized variable conditions as shown in Table 3. It was observed that with increasing drug concentration the size and dispersity decreases indicating the impact of supersaturation in the nanoprecipitation. However at higher concentration, above 60 mg/ml the size increases. Similarly, it was observed that the p20. Similar behaviors were reported in previous works on nanosuspension by this method [22, 58]. The concentration of PLGA and stabilizer didn’t show any direct correlation with the size distribution of the precipitated nanop98. 52% ± 0. 2). The high entrapment is because of the precipitation method of preparation of nanosuspensions. In this method technique the drug which is hydrophobic in nature is soluble in organic solvent but is very slightly soluble in water. Nanop0. 3%. The optimized Cur-Nanogel was found to be smooth, translucent, clear, homogenous with good spreadability and consistency. The obtained properties of prepared gel were found suitable, safe for compatible topical application, particularly in wound healing. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties. It mainly discusses the preparation and characteristics of nanosuspensions involving curcumin without providing any information about its effects, such as anti-inflammatory properties.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Sound therapy is being explored to support relaxation and reduce stress levels. [SEP] Text: 8 KB 2, 2022 206 Downloads MD5: ddc8fdc0d5903e708129c6f27b2bd194 Interview transcript with P4 interview_transcript_part5 Unknown - 19. 0 KB 2, 2022 206 Downloads MD5: 4bb9a3e882042c5c9ca6df12d4b96790 Interview transcript with P5 12102550 OAI_. org JSON-doi:10. 22452/RD/Z42022-12-02 Effects of Relaxation (PMR) on the stress levels of novice music teachers during Covid-19 movement control order (MCO) Author Poon, (Universiti Malaya) - ORCID: 0000-0003-1205-6880 Yong, Peyee (Universiti Malaya) Point of email button above to contact. Hwa (Universiti Malaya) outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19) has contributed stress to many people around the world due to fear and anxiety. Other than health issues, it threatened the overall economy and influenced a drastic change of lifestyle. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the stress level of novice music teachers in Malaysia. This research investigated on: (1) the career and stress-related challenges of music teachers; (2) effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR); and (3) potential confounding factors. Total of 30 participants were divided equally into high-moderate stress and low stress groups based on their stress scores measured by Scale-10 (PSS-10). 10 participants were interviewed about their career and stress-related challenges which then categorised into: professional and non-professional. Professional challenges included online teaching and learning, time management and financial issue while non-professional challenges included physiological issues, emotional issues and “new normal”. All participants were experimented with intervention of music and PMR. Results revealed significant decrease in stress scores among majority of music teachers from high-moderate stress group and insignificant difference in low stress group. The same 10 participants were interviewed to examine on the confounding factors affecting the experiment results which were categorised into personal, music and methodological factor. The intervention was useful as a stress-reduction therapy and more beneficial on participants with higher stress level. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a study that investigates the effect of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on stress levels among novice music teachers. It mentions that the intervention was useful as a stress-reduction therapy, indicating that sound therapy (in the form of music) was explored to support relaxation and reduce stress. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant decrease in stress scores for participants, which aligns with the claim about sound therapy's benefits for relaxation and stress reduction.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Elements identified in the air include bacteria, either in vegetative status or spores, fungi, yeasts, microbial toxins and secondary metabolites like bacterial endotoxin, peptidoglycans or fungal β(1,3)-glucans, volatile organic compounds, pollens, pet and insect allergens, other allergens, viruses, protozoa, etc. [1-3]. Many bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa may be infectious to humans and they may cause specific infectious diseases. Infectious agents are usually received from other humans, from animals (these infections are zoonoses), or from environmental sources such as contaminated water, soil, etc. Biological contamination in indoor air may have sources like outdoor air, human body, bacteria that are growing indoors, and pets. Advertisement 2. Biological contamination of indoor air2. 1. Bacteria in the indoor environmentsThe most common building-associated bacteria are saprophytic bacteria of the normal human skin, mouth, and nose that are emitted into the indoor air and bacteria originating from outdoors air [1-3]. Other common bacteria of indoor environments include heterotrophic bacteria that grow in the water reservoirs or moist sites of the building, such as bathroom sinks. Specifically, legionellae and nontuberculous environmental mycobacteria develop in biofilms of water pipelines or in water reservoirs of cooling systems. Actinobacteria (especially Streptomycetes), Bacillus species and various other bacteria grow in moist building materials together with fungi. Elements from bacterial structures released in air include bacterial cells, bacterial spores, peptidoglycans, microbial volatile organic compounds, exotoxins, and other bacteria growing metabolites [1]. Humans are an important source of indoor bacteria. The upmost layer of the normal human skin is continuously renewed, and skin scales containing bacteria are shed into the environment [1]. Bacteria in the respiratory airways are eliminated through Pflügge droplets while talking, coughing, or sneezing. The level of air contamination is dependent on the number of persons inside a room and the efficiency of the ventilation system (natural or artificial ventilation). Bacteria that can be identified in indoor air are micrococci, staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria [1]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the various biological contaminants present in indoor air, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, indicating that such agents can lead to respiratory issues. It explains that humans and environmental sources contribute to indoor air contamination, suggesting that even with indoor air quality devices, not all infectious agents may be eliminated, therefore not preventing all respiratory issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: 11987510. 1016/10. 2147/IJN. S18791810. 1016/j. arabjc. 2017. 05. 01110. 1016/10. 4255/mcpharmacol. 15. 0410. 3390/gels704021310. 1080/22311866. 2020. 180673110. 1016/j. mtcomm. 2023. 10605010. 1186/2008-2231-20-7610. 1007/s13204-012-0188-310. 1016/j. ijpharm. 2009. 11. 00710. 1016/j. matchemphys. 2020. 12289810. 1590/S1984-8250201600030001510. 4103/0250-474X. 5729110. 1590/0001-376520162016016210. 1016/j. ejphar. 2020. 17317210. 1016/10. 1016/j. jsps. 2011. 08. 00110. 1016/10. 1080/10837450802409438193. 2019 Green synthesis of silver nanop10. 1016/10. 1002/aoc. 501610. 1155/2013/97202810. 3390/scipharm8802002610. 1021/acs. oprd. 6b0034710. 1039/c8ra08435a10. 1021/ed077p35910. 3109/0363904980910857110. 1007/s10661-021-09261-110. 1016/j. indcrop. 2019. 04. 02110. 1016/j. jfca. 2004. 11. 00510. 1016/j. foodchem. 2006. 06. 02310. 1007/s10787-016-0264-510. 2174/138920021866617011610355510. 1016/j. biomaterials. 2011. 11. 01110. 1016/j. polymdegradstab. 2010. 08. 01510. 1007/s40199-018-00235-210. 1021/acs. iecr. 9b0474710. 1081/DDC-10010219710. 12968/jowc. 2012. 21. 9. 45710. 1016/j. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is a series of DOIs and does not provide any information regarding curcumin or its properties. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim concerning the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin found in turmeric.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Typically, these exercises are performed in natural and relatively quiet environments to avoid distractions and to allow practitioners to better focus on the moment [52]. For novices, it is challenging to transform a walk on a crowded and noisy sidewalk into a relaxed meditation. Playing a soundscape through ANC headphones can present a different world acoustically, but so far there has been a lack of research on how augmented footstep sounds affect listeners in such auditively modified worlds in urban areas. We therefore developed EnvironZen, a mobile app that augments the footstep sounds to immerse the user into a different world, while visual stimuli of reality are preserved. In order to investigate the influence on walking, we first examined different soundscapes and footstep sounds in an online survey and then tested the most preferred soundscapes in an in-situ field study with 16 participants. Furthermore, we investigated whether augmented footstep sounds are suitable for navigation and observed the influence of sound delays and speedups and the playback of different warning sounds, e. g. when bicycles are approaching. Repeated small interviews were conducted to capture each individual experience and perception of the urban environment and soundscapes. 2 showed that visually impaired people prefer other urban areas than people without visual impairment, as different characteristics gain importance [90]. From this, Southworth derived the concept of the sonic city. R. established the term of soundscapes [82], which is composed of three features: keynote sounds (natural noises like wind or water), signals (acoustic warnings like bells), and soundmarks (individual sounds that identify a specific location). In contrast to an acoustic environment, a soundscape is a deliberate composition of the aforementioned three features by a designer’s vision [53]. With the increasing awareness of acoustic environments [53], cities start to actively monitor noise pollution [9], as noise is related to health problems [48], [74], whereas natural sounds have been found to provide health benefits [2], [10], [22]. An audio augmented reality (AAR) is a superimposition of real world soundscapes with virtual sound sources [29]. It embeds computer-generated sounds into the user’s acoustic environment [35], [63]. Sonification integrates data into the sounds to convey information [60]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing soundscapes and their components, including 'keynote sounds' which incorporate natural noises such as wind or water. This aligns with the claim that immersive soundscapes are intended to simulate natural environments. The mention of soundscapes being a deliberate composition by a designer further supports the claim that some soundscapes are purposefully created to replicate the auditory experience of natural settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: The presence of pets in indoor spaces can represent an important source of air contamination and can be linked with the level of indoor endotoxins. The presence of dogs and cats can be the main predictors of endotoxin levels in house dust [1, 4-7]. Other predictors are the presence of vermin, such as mice, and infrequent cleaning, which indicates poor hygienic conditions in the home [1]. Storage of organic household waste indoors also increases bacterial contamination in the indoor environment [1]. Bacteria actively growing or accumulating in the indoor environment may cause health effects and may require specific actions to control growth and prevent the exposures. Bacterial growth can be found wherever standing water is present and Gram-negative bacteria can be identified in this environment. The presence of bacteria, either as viable bacteria or bacterial spores, mycotoxins, chemical markers like β-glucans and volatile organic compounds, and endotoxins, represents an indication of high humidity in the indoor environment [1]. 2. 2. Fungi in indoor environmentsFungi are present in both outdoor and indoor air. The levels found in the outdoor air can range from less than 100 spores/m3 up to100 000 spores/m3. Normally, the fungi levels are lower in indoor spaces compared with outdoor spaces. If the conditions that permit the fungal growth are present, for example, in damp houses, the levels of fungi in the indoor air can reach very high concentrations. Fungi level measurements are expressed in colony-forming units (CFUs) per cubic meter of air. The levels of fungi and the type of fungi identified in indoor air depend on the season, construction features, age, and use of the building as well as the ventilation rate. The most common fungal genera occurring in indoor environments are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and yeasts [1-3]. These genera are also the most frequently occurring fungi in outdoor air. Spores of fungi are present everywhere, and they are able to germinate wherever there is water available and the ranges between 0. 80 and 0. 98. Fungi need carbohydrates, proteins, and lipid to develop. They can find all these elements in house dust, construction materials like wallpaper or textiles, paint, glue, wood, paper and books, stored food, or deposit of cooking oil. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that various indoor factors, such as the presence of pets, vermin, bacterial growth, and fungi, contribute to indoor air contamination and health effects. It highlights that air quality devices alone may not mitigate these issues, as factors like humidity and organic waste storage require specific actions to control bacterial and fungal growth.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: However, there is limited evidence in the possible ameliorative effect of curcumin against ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Prasad and Muralidhara [22] have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of curcumin in an ACR model of neurotoxicity in an insect species, Drosophila melanogaster. A recently published study [23] reported that curcumin would exert a protective effect against ACR-induced spatial memory impairment in rats. However, the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin have not been well evaluated in ACR-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we identified whether curcumin could exert protective effects against neuron apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by ACR exposure in rats. MethodsChemicals ACR and curcumin were purchased from Amresco Co. () and Sigma chemicals Co. (St. ), respectively. Experimental design Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were obtained from Center (Hubei, China). Rats were housed in standard translucent cages (5 animals/cage) under controlled standard conditions (23 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 5% relative humidity, 12 h light/dark cycle) with restricted access to standard rat chow and free access to tap water. After a 1-week acclimation period, all animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats in each group: (1) normal control group; (2) ACR-intoxicated control group; (3) low-dose (50mg/kg) curcumin treatment group and (4) high-dose (100 mg/kg) curcumin treatment group. Animals in 2-4 groups were intraperitoneally injected with ACR dissolved in normal saline at the dose of 40 mg/kg every other day for 4 weeks. The normal rats received saline as control. Meanwhile, rats in the curcumin treatment groups were daily administered with curcumin at the corresponding oral administration dose for 4 weeks. The doses of ACR and curcumin were chosen based on the previous study [5] and preliminary experiments. The normal and ACR-intoxicated control animals were orally administered with the same volume of distilled water. Body weight and behavioral alterations were monitored once a week. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin directly. It focuses on the neuroprotective effects of curcumin in a specific model of neurotoxicity and mentions that the anti-inflammatory activities have not been well evaluated, but does not confirm or deny the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin generally. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the specific claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Nowadays, Hearables [31], [76], Earables [55] and headphones with active noise cancellation allow for acoustic transparency to let their listeners stay aware of the environment. McGill et al. envisioned that in the future users will immerse themselves into an acoustically interactive space with personal and private auditory displays [64]. They investigated the impact of acoustic transparency with a focus on external sound sources and found that acoustically transparent and isolated headsets have an effect on the realness and presence of the content. In virtual realities, footstep sounds enhance the perceived level of presence [56] and also affect walking behavior [47], [84], [101]. In the context of AAR, sonified footsteps offer a certain degree of realism and interactivity with virtual acoustic worlds. Concepts of mounted step sensing and footstep playback on urban running routes aim to provide a more natural running experience [98]. Vibration feedback from shoes was used to change the perceived physical structure of a surface [89], [93]. Different natural surface simulations by footstep sounds were found to influence the biomechanics of walking [95], perceived body weight [92], emotions [62], step length [30], and walking pace [67], [97]. Those effects were also used to manage gait disturbances in Parkinson’s disease [79], gait rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients by pitched natural footstep sounds [36], and foot pressure balance for runners [71]. Music that was modified by footsteps showed no perceived effects on user’s gait [38]. Using non-naturalistic footstep sounds showed no significant effects on walking patterns [17]. The preferred volume of footstep playback was found not to significantly differ from the volume of the soundscape [96]. Most of the mentioned studies that analyzed augmented footsteps were carried out under controlled lab settings and did not involve users walking in real application scenarios. Hence, the results are often based on small distances. Furthermore, effects due to the measuring equipment, e. g. shoe prototypes, could influence the results. The existing body of related works shows that soundscapes and footsteps contribute to the immersion in virtual worlds [56], in which footstep sounds also influence walking behavior [47], [62], [67], [84], [92], [95], [97], [101]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how soundscapes and footstep sounds contribute to immersion in virtual worlds, emphasizing that natural surface simulations by footstep sounds significantly influence perception and behavior. This suggests that immersive soundscapes, including those simulating environments such as forests or oceans, enhance the realism and presence in these environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Fungi can grow on inert materials like ceramic tiles [2]. 2. 3. Allergens in indoor environmentAllergens are a group of agents that may cause a specific IgE-mediated reaction in humans. Fungal allergens can trigger type I allergic reactions and IgE sensitization to fungal species like Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium spp. All these types of fungi species can induce allergic respiratory diseases, especially acute asthma attacks. Fungal allergens can also trigger type III-IgG-mediated allergic reactions (Penicillium and Aspergillus) and even type IV allergic reactions. This is the premise of the onset of hypersensitivity pneumonitis [2]. Allergens may also be present in indoor air due to house dust mites. The mite species that produce allergens are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (major allergens—Der p I and Der p II) and Dermatophagoides farina (major allergen—Der f I). 2. 4. EndotoxinsThese are toxins integrated in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which are composed of proteins, lipids, and lipopolysaccharides [2, 4-8]. The bacterial cell lysis determines the release of endotoxins. In the air, endotoxins are bound to coarse p2. 5. (1 → 3)- β -D-glucansIt is a structural element of the cell wall of fungi and some bacteria, and it can be found in house dust. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans do not have allergic properties. However, they do have immune-modulating properties. Exposure to (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in home environment can induce respiratory diseases [2, 9, 10] and may increase peak flow variability in asthmatic children. 2. 6. MycotoxinsThese are toxins (secondary metabolites) produced by fungi that interfere with RNA synthesis and can cause DNA damage. Some mycotoxins like aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus induce carcinogenic effects [2, 11]. Indoor exposure to mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys chartarum can be associated with acute pulmonary hemorrhage. 2. 7. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various allergens and toxins found in indoor environments that can cause respiratory diseases. It states that fungi and their associated allergens can induce allergic respiratory diseases, implying that indoor air quality devices may not be capable of preventing all respiratory issues, as the presence of such allergens can still lead to health problems.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: At 24 h after the last administration, all animals were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, brain tissues were quickly collected. Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded as the landing foot spread distance. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms, dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin, subsequently dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Then, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histopathological changes. The histopathological changes in cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on behavioral tests and histopathological analyses of rat brain tissues without mentioning curcumin, turmeric, or any anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it does not provide support or opposition to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: There is a positive influence of natural sounds [2], [10], [22], [23] on health, and augmented footsteps sounds may serve as an unobtrusive feedback channel [36], [71], [79]. In addition, soundscapes themselves can provide special cues about the environment [15], [21], [32], [45], [83]. However, so far the main focus of deploying interactive soundscapes has been on city parks [6], [61], [85], [99], [100], guidance with soundscapes [6], [66], [78], [88], [104] and virtual reality with augmented footsteps [47], [56], [84], [101]. Our vision is motivated by noisy and stressful city center environments [7] that can now be masked out by ANC headphones [20], [68], [70]. This might enable the transformation of any acoustic environment into a natural soundscape and provide interactivity in AAR via augmented footstep sounds. Relaxing and exploratory experiences to promote health by walking [73], [77], [100] thus can be implemented at any location and extend the capabilities of sound gardens [85]. The created natural soundscapes can be enhanced by warning sounds that fit into the virtual acoustic environment in order to notify the listeners [21] of hazardous situations, without completely taking the user out of the immersive experience. For instance, approaching vehicles that share their location in real time can communicate with pedestrians in virtual acoustic worlds [24]. However, in previous works, external sounds from the virtual environment were used as cues, while virtual sounds produced by the listeners themselves, e. g. , footsteps, were not considered. For example, when accidentally leaving a guided audio path [66], special footstep sounds can notify users that they walk the wrong way, as they would when walking beside a gravel path in the forest. Accelerated or delayed footstep sounds could unobtrusively hint users to hurry up, e. g. to catch a bus, or calm down to be more relaxed [67]. By switching between different soundscapes, users can experience a multifaceted path with a rich variety of impressions [97]. In this work, we explore the vision of augmented interactive soundscapes in city centers with augmented footstep sounds and its influence on listeners. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing soundscapes that provide cues about the environment and the potential to create natural soundscapes in urban settings. It mentions that soundscapes can enhance experiences, similar to those found in nature, such as walking beside a gravel path in a forest. The idea that immersive soundscapes can transform urban environments into more natural experiences directly supports the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Fungi and Compounds (VOC) in indoor airFungi can produce around 200 volatile organic compounds. The identification of the VOCs in indoor air shows that there is a fungal growth present, even if the quantitative measurements are negative [11]. One of the most important substances that can be identified in indoor air is formaldehyde that can induce cancer. 2. 8. VirusesIndoor air humidity can induce a longer survival time of respiratory viruses and increased risk of respiratory infection and allergic diseases. Advertisement 3. Exposure evaluation of biological contamination of indoor airIndoor air levels of bacterial concentrations of <1, 000 CFU/m3 can be regarded as “low, ” and concentrations of >5, 000 CFU/m3 can be regarded as “high” [1]. These numbers reflect mainly the crowdedness of the room and the efficiency of the ventilation and thus are a measure of the hygienic quality of the indoor air. Characterizing the bacterial flora in the sample may give additional information about the sources of the bacteria present. If Gram-positive cocci and corynebacteria, the common bacteria of the human skin, are the dominating groups, this indicates human sources [1]. The presence of Gram-negative bacteria shows an active bacterial growth due to the presence of water indoors. Gram-positive bacteria with exo- and endospores like Streptomyces and Bacillus can grow on moist building materials. Their spores are very resistant and can survive even if the air humidity is low. The presence of fecal bacteria like the group of Enterobacteriaceae is considered heavy contamination of indoor air, coming probably from a sewage leakage. The presence of actinomycetes shows the growth of microbes in the building material. The presence of two groups of bacteria, that is, Legionella and actinomycetes, has a special importance in indoor air. Legionella spp. are Gram-negative environmental bacteria that have found a remarkable ecological niche in man-made water systems, especially in those serving air conditioning systems for heat transfer [1]. Advertisement 4. Health effects induced by indoor exposure to biological contaminantsIndoor air contamination can generate a multitude of effects on human health. The effects are especially on the respiratory system. Allergic reactions can be induced by the exposure to different biological agents that are identified in indoor air. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that indoor air can contain various biological contaminants, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which can contribute to respiratory issues. For instance, it notes that 'indoor air contamination can generate a multitude of effects on human health,' specifically affecting the respiratory system, thereby suggesting that simply using indoor air quality devices is insufficient to prevent all respiratory issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: After deparaffinization and rehydration, the brain sections were permeabilized with proteinase K solution, then exposed to the mixture of biotinylated nucleotide dUTP and recombinant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was performed to visualize nuclei. Images were obtained under a fluorescent microscope (). Real-time of brain cerebral cortex tissues was isolated using TRIzol reagent (). The expression levels of TERT mRNA were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR-1200 (). The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’--3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized using 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB). Then, sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue homogenates were made by homogenizing each cerebral cortex tissue with 9 times volume of PBS on ice, then centrifuging. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured according to their respective manufacturer’s instructions (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). The protein contents in cerebral homogenates were detected using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses technical procedures related to brain tissue analysis and oxidative stress measurement, with no mention or discussion of curcumin or its properties, including anti-inflammatory effects.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Table 1 Algorithm parameterization based on 230 recorded steps from two people during running and walking. The parameters were optimized with an evolutionary algorithm using a Gaussian mutation operator. p 1 0. 2 0. 629 p 2 1. 5 1. 365 p 3 4 3. 893 p 4 1 1. 017 p 5 0. 7 0. 715 3. 2 Soundscapes & We use different royalty-free soundscapes and footstep sounds from the web for our application. Ten different, randomly selected footstep sound variations for each surface ensure that listeners get the feeling of uniqueness for every step they take. Furthermore, the measured duration between two detected heel strikes is used to model the volume of the footstep sound in order to reinforce this impression. The spectrograms shown in Figure 2 visualize some of the implemented soundscapes and their frequency distributions. Beach is composed of an ocean wave keynote sound, which is accompanied by seagull cries as soundmarks. In this soundscape, users walk on sand to create the impression of a walk on the beach. The spectrogram shows a relatively uniform frequency distribution, which is primarily defined by the ocean wave peaks. Creek is defined only by the keynote of flowing water. Although the spectrum is similar to Beach, there are no clear soundmarks here and the listener walks on deep puddles. Forest is a rich soundscape with singing birds as soundmarks and a small creek as a keynote sound. The listener walks on dry leaves through this soundscape. The spectrum here is characterized by high-frequency birdsong. Similarly, Jungle takes the listener to the soundscape of a rainforest. Besides singing birds, chirping crickets and frogs can be heard. The reverb effect creates a wide and extensive atmosphere, in which the listener walks on the same dry-leaves-sound as before in the forest. The abundance of the environment can also be seen in the high intensities in the lower frequency range. soundscape represents an empty place, only defined by blowing wind and a screaming eagle, which is clearly identifiable in the spectrum by the two peaks at 5 and 30 seconds. Here, the listener walks on little stones or gravel whereby the strong wind hints at the location. Likewise, the Snow soundscape is defined by cold, blowing wind, which presents the soundscape much more dominantly than the wind in the mountain soundscape. Comparing the spectra of Snow and Mountain reveals this difference. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing how various immersive soundscapes are specifically designed to simulate natural environments such as beaches, forests, and creeks. For example, it mentions a beach soundscape composed of ocean wave sounds and seagull cries, a creek soundscape defined by the sound of flowing water, and a forest soundscape richly filled with birdsong and the sound of walking on dry leaves. This clearly supports the idea that some immersive soundscapes aim to replicate the sounds found in natural settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Also, there is evidence to suggest that exposure to biological pollutants in indoor air can be associated with symptoms with neurological basis like headaches, fatigue, and forgetfulness. Some of the effects on the respiratory system related to the biological contamination of indoor air are due to the inflammation of the airways. This can appear in both allergic (with the implication of IgE and IgG antibodies) and nonallergic respiratory diseases. The separation between those two entities is important in the case of asthma and rhinitis. 4. 1. RhinitisRhinitis is induced by the inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms of rhinitis are nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis can be of allergic or nonallergic cause [1, 11]. 4. 2. AsthmaAllergic asthma involves IgE-mediated sensitivity and eosinophils in presence of an atopic underlying reaction of the respiratory airways [1, 12-18]. Among adults, there is also an increasing prevalence of asthma. People with moderate to severe asthma will react adversely toward biological and other contaminants in the indoor environment due to a nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. That is an exaggerated bronhoconstrictor response to numerous numbers of stimuli. The severity of asthma and the need of medication in house dust mite allergic patients is closely related to the amount of endotoxin in house dust in a dose-dependent manner [1]. Pollen allergens interact with other sources of fine p4. 3. Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis is defined as cough with phlegm (productive cough) for at least 3 months per year for 2 years or more [1, 17-19]. Chronic bronchitis may be present with or without airways obstruction. The underlying mechanism is an increase in mucus secreting glands and alterations in the characteristics of the mucus itself [1]. Airway inflammation is present, and an increased number of neutrophils can be observed [1]. Subjects with chronic bronchitis may also have symptoms such as dyspnea, chest tightness, and wheezing, and there is thus a considerable overlap in symptoms between allergic asthma, nonallergic asthma, and bronchitis [1]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by outlining that indoor air quality can be impacted by biological pollutants which can lead to various respiratory symptoms such as rhinitis and asthma. It indicates that not all respiratory issues can be prevented by indoor air quality devices, as there are different underlying causes for respiratory conditions, including nonallergic responses and chronic diseases like bronchitis.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: AbbreviationsACR: Acrylamide; GSH: Glutathione; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; MDA: Malondialdehyde; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labellingDeclarationsEthics approval and consent to participate Animal experiments were approved by the of Medicine College, of Science and Technology (resolution number 2019078), and accomplished in line with the guidelines of the Council of China. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets supporting the conclusions of this 57. . Acrylamide in human diet, its metabolism, toxicity, inactivation and the associated legal regulations in food industry. Nutr. 2019 Mar 25:1-16. . Calpeptin is neuroprotective against acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats. Toxicology. 2018;400-401:1-8. . Neurotoxicity of acrylamide in exposed workers. . 2013; 10(9):3843-54. . Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem. 2018;93(7):512-8. . Acrylamide exerts its cytotoxicity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by apoptosis. Health. 2018;34(7):481-9. . Acrylamide-induced apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma cell lines. Vitro. 2014;28(4):562-70. . Taurine attenuates acrylamide- induced apoptosis via a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Toxicol. 2018;960327118765335. . Roles for Telomerase in the System. Neurosci. 2018;11:160. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties because it discusses acrylamide and its effects on health without mentioning curcumin, turmeric, or any related properties. Therefore, it does not support or contradict the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: Here, the listener walks on deep snow through this rough and cold environment. Further, we implemented a Rain soundscape, in which continuous rain and a footstep sound of walking in a puddle creates the acoustic environment. soundscape was added as a playful, interactive music environment, in which the act of walking generates music similar to a floor piano. A continuous drum beat is played and to every footstep, a random note of a kalimba is played. In this soundscape, the effect of the footstep volume adjustment based on the duration between two steps becomes particularly useful for creating unique sounds with every step. Figure 2Spectrograms of the various soundscapes: During a walk the background sounds are played continuously. 4 We aimed to evaluate our soundscapes and the footstep sounds in order to find the most preferred and pleasant sounds for a subsequent in-situ field study. In addition, we wanted to investigate which warning signals that match the soundscape can also be used to interpret approaching vehicles, such as scooters or bicycles. Sixteen individuals (four female and twelve male) aged between 22 and 32 years (M = 25. 2, SD = 2. 3 years) were surveyed. They were asked about their headphone usage and whether they use noise cancelling headphones. Further, we added questions regarding exercises for relaxation purposes with and without digital support through wearables or apps. After the first set of demographic questions and headphone usage, respondents were introduced to put on their headphones in a quiet environment and to listen carefully to the subsequent audio samples. In the first part, they had to listen and rate the footstep sounds from Section 3. 2 on a 5-point scale from very unpleasant to very pleasant. The survey continued with a vision video of our application, in which we introduced the idea of augmented footstep sounds in urban areas. As before, the respondents listened to and rated each soundscape including the footstep sounds. The last part showed a 10-second video of a walking person and an approaching bicycle to demonstrate the idea of soundscape-related warning sounds. The audio track consisted of a soundscape and footstep sounds from Section 3. 2. In this video, the approaching cyclist is shown ringing the bell, but the bell sound is replaced by different warning sounds, depending on the soundscape. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing immersive soundscapes that engage listeners in various acoustic environments, including one that simulates walking on deep snow. Additionally, other soundscapes mentioned include continuous rain and footstep sounds, which create interactions similar to natural environments. This aligns with the claim that emphasizes the design of immersive soundscapes to replicate natural settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Biological contamination through the presence of endotoxin and β-glucan can be incriminated in the pathogenesis of bronchitis [1]. 4. 4. Chronic airflow obstructionSeveral studies have shown associations between chronic airflow obstructions as measured by spirometry (particularly FEV1) and organic dust exposures in industrial and agricultural occupational populations [1, 19]. Endotoxin exposure may play an important role. 4. 5. (HP) or Alveolitis (EAA) [1, 2, 20]The disease, also known as “farmers lung” or “pigeon breeder’s lung, ” is one of the most severe diseases induced by fungi and thermophilic actinomycetes (spore-forming bacteria) exposure. The clinical aspect of HP is represented by severe pulmonary disease with pneumonia-like fever, cough, tightness of chest, shortness of breath, inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma, and development of pulmonary granulomas. HP is very similar to organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). 4. 6. (ODTS)The disease is similar to influenza and is characterized by symptoms like acute fever, dry cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, headache, shivering, malaise, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains. ODTS is a nonallergic neutrophil-mediated airway inflammation [1]. 4. 7. Atopic allergic dermatitisThis disease can be induced by exposure to the biological indoor air pollutants. 4. 8. Sick building syndromeIn the 1988s, the concept of “sick building syndrome” (SBS) was established by the WHO [1, 3, 21, 22]. The label sick building syndrome (SBS) can be applied when the inhabitants or occupants of different indoor spaces develop acute health problems or discomfort inside the rooms. The exposed people have the following symptoms: eye, nose, and throat irritation and dryness; itching and dryness of skin and eyes; dry cough; nausea; vomiting; headache; difficulty in concentration; fatigue; etc. The symptoms disappear after cessation of the exposure. Advertisement 5. Aim and purpose of the studyThe aim of the study was to assess indoor air contamination from the point of view of bacteriological and fungal contamination of different indoor spaces like houses, schools, offices, archives, and spaces with commercial destinations [23-25]. Advertisement 6. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various respiratory diseases and conditions that are influenced by indoor air quality, particularly emphasizing that biological contaminants like endotoxin and β-glucan can lead to significant respiratory problems such as bronchitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Furthermore, it highlights issues like sick building syndrome, which can manifest acute symptoms in indoor environments, suggesting that while indoor air quality devices may help, they do not prevent all respiratory issues.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], landing foot spread distance was measured as follow: the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms,dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin, subsequently dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Then, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the histopathological changes. The histopathological changes incerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Real-time PCR The expression levels of TERT mRNA in cerebral Cortex were measured by real-time PCR using all-in-OneTM qPCR master mix AOPR–1200 (GeneCopoeia, Rockville, MD). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text describes a series of behavioral tests and histopathological analyses conducted on rats, focusing on the assessment of motor functions and neuronal apoptosis. However, it does not provide any information about curcumin or its anti-inflammatory properties, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: In the Snow soundscape participants perceived the footstep sounds on snow similar to a wooden floor. From the findings we selected Forest, Beach, and Mountain for the in-situ study. Since the galloping Horse in the Beach soundscape was rated low, we decided to change that sound to a for the main study. Further we asked which other soundscapes they would like to immerse in. Participants mentioned a drip stone cave, the soundscape of the moon, a medieval township, a sunny meadow, City at night, and one wanted to have a trampoline sound for the footsteps in a fun park. 5 In-conducted a field study to find out how augmented footstep sounds can be used in urban environments. We recruited sixteen participants (three women and 13 men) aged 21 to 58 years (M = 28. 9, SD = 9. 7 years) for the in-situ study. Seven of these participants (M = 26. 9, SD = 2. 4 years) also participated in the previous online survey. One day before each volunteer participated in the study they were kindly instructed to fill out an initial questionnaire. We asked the same demographic questions as before about headphone usage and introduced the topic of the survey. In addition, we repeated the warning sound test for two selected soundscapes Forest and Beach. The intention was to increase awareness of the warning sounds for the following study so that the participants are able to interpret these signals in the soundscapes. For the Beach soundscape, two sounds were presented. At first the galloping horse sound from the online survey and second a ship horn sound. The latter was chosen for the study as this dominant sound can be more easily associated with a marine environment. The study took place on weekdays between noon and 5 PM in the city center of Hannover, Germany on a crowed pedestrian sidewalk next to a city street. Two construction sites, cars, restaurants, and stores shaped the lively acoustic environment and thus gave us the opportunity to test our application in the proposed scenario. Figure 4 depicts the study route taken in summer season of 2021 mainly during sunny weather with some wind blowing on several days. At the starting point, the experimenter handed out the Environinstalled on a 20 Pro to the participant. During the study the experimenter remotely controlled the app via Bluetooth with a Huawei OnePlus 3 smartphone. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing specific examples of immersive soundscapes, such as 'Forest' and 'Beach,' which are designed to create natural audio environments. The discussion of participants' preferences for soundscapes that include natural elements further supports the idea that some immersive soundscapes aim to simulate natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Materials and methodology of investigationThe methodology of the study implies the investigation of the levels of indoor air contamination with fungi and bacteria. The destination of the investigated indoor spaces was very diverse. The levels of bacteriological contamination were assessed in indoor spaces designated as living spaces, social use spaces like shops, and work and education spaces like schools, offices, and archives. Quantitative and qualitative assessments were made to evaluate the levels of air contamination. Passive and active methods were used to sample the air from the investigated sites. The results were compared to the enforced recommendations in Romania, at this moment. 6. 1. Investigated places6. 1. 1. Houses in Bucharest CityThere were 10 investigated apartments, with different numbers of room situated at different floors and with different geographical orientations and different characteristics. Type of investigated apartments:One apartment with one room, one inhabitant, nonsmokerOne apartment with one room, two inhabitants, one smoking inhabitantApartment with two separates rooms, two nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with two separates rooms, three smoking inhabitantsApartment with two rooms, with five nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with two separates rooms, four inhabitants, one smoking personApartment with three separates rooms, three nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with three separates rooms, five inhabitants, one smoking personApartment with three rooms, five nonsmoking inhabitantsApartment with three rooms, with four inhabitants, one smoking personFor an accurate assessment of the biological contamination of indoor air, the measurements were made three times in a year, in the winter, in the summer, and in the autumn, 3 days consecutively, in the kitchen and in the living room of each investigated apartment. 6. 1. 2. SchoolsThere were two investigated schools, one in Bucharest and one in Giurgiu City. In the school in Bucharest, the investigations were madein an empty classroom, before 8:00 a. m. during the school day (at 9. 30 a. m. ), in a classroom with 23 childrenin a classroom with 36 children and 1 teacherin a classroom with 23 children and 1 teacherin a classroom (at 11:00 a. m. ) with 24 children and 1 teacherin the school library (at 10:00 a. m. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing a study investigating levels of indoor air contamination and the various methodologies employed. It emphasizes that the assessment of indoor air quality involved measuring contamination with fungi and bacteria across various types of indoor spaces, including living environments and schools, rather than asserting that indoor air quality devices can completely prevent respiratory issues. The comprehensive nature of the investigation suggests that other factors influence indoor air quality, thus undermining the absolute nature of the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: The sequences of primer sets for TERT were 5’-- 3’(forward) and 5’-–3’ (reverse). β-actin gene was applied as a reference. Immunohistochemistry Paraffin-embedded brain sections of 5-μm thickness were incubated with a rabbit anti-TERT antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), then a biotinylated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). Immune complexes were visualized using 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB). Then, sections were counter-stained with hematoxylin. Measurement of parameters related to oxidative stress in cerebral homogenates The brain tissue homogenates were made by homogenizing each cerebral cortex tissue with 9 times volume of PBS on ice, then centrifuging. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the cerebral homogenates were measured according to their respective manufacturer’s instructions (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). The protein contents in cerebral homogenates were detected using the bicinchoninic acid assay kit (Bio-Engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing, China). Measurement of IL–1β and TNF-ɑ levels in cerebral homogenates The concentrations of IL–1β and TNF-ɑ in cerebral homogenates were determined using using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (IL–1β: PeproTech Inc. , NJ, USA TNF-ɑ: R&). Statistical analysis All data were expressed as the mean ± SD, and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey test by SPSS 22. 0 software. P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01 was considered statistically significant. ResultsEffect of curcumin on ACR-induced body weight and neurobehavioral changes As shown in Fig. 1A, the animals in the ACR group began to show slow growth compared to the normal control group since 2 weeks of exposure (P < 0. 05). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding curcumin's anti-inflammatory properties. Instead, it focuses on a methodological description of certain biochemical measurements and statistical analyses without mentioning curcumin or its effects.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: The participant was instructed to comply with the traffic rules and asked put on the Sony WH-3000-XM3 ANC headphones. Figure 4Image at starting point (right) and study route map (left): at route segment A participants walked with headphones in ANC mode without any sounds. to D the soundscapes Beach, Forest, and Mountain. Augmented footstep sounds Sand, Leaves, and Gravel were played in the sections marked in green. was used for storytelling with footstep sounds and for playback of warning signals when vehicles are approaching. The pictograms indicate the soundscapes and the yellow marks show construction sites. was used for navigation. G and H were used for delayed or accelerated footstep sounds using the Forest sounds. After calibrating the ANC algorithm to the participant’s ears, the participant adjusted the volume of the soundscape and the step sounds to their preferred level and put the phone in their left trouser pocket. To make them familiar with ANC, they walked route segment A with ANC on, but without any sound augmentation to the end of the first sidewalk. The experimenter followed the participant all the time at a short distance. At the end of the route segment the participants took off the headphones and the experimenter interviewed them about the impression of the noise cancellation. All interviews were audio recorded for later analysis. Afterwards on the route segments B, C, and D the three soundscapes Beach, Forest, and Mountain were played in counterbalanced order. Until the middle of each route (marked in blue in Figure 4) the participants listened to the pure soundscape without footstep augmentation. Then (marked in green in Figure 4), the augmented footstep sounds Sand, Leaves, or Gravel were played depending on the soundscape. At the end of each route segment participants were interviewed about their impression on the temporal accuracy of augmented footstep sounds, whether they experienced immersion into the soundscapes, what they remembered to having heard, and whether and in what way the footstep sounds contributed to the scenery. When participants remarked that the volume of the soundscapes or of the footstep sounds was not appropriate, they had the opportunity to readjust the volume. Furthermore, we recorded GPS and accelerometer data, as well as timestamps, volume, and recognized steps. Route segment E is divided into the three soundscapes Beach, Forest and Mountain with augmented footsteps as shown in Figure 4. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing an experiment that includes soundscapes labeled as 'Beach,' 'Forest,' and 'Mountain.' These soundscapes are representative of natural environments, supporting the notion that immersive soundscapes are indeed designed to simulate such settings.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Still, this method permit an assessment of the types of microorganisms present in the air and can give an approximation of bacterial and fungal concentration in the air of investigated indoor spaces. 6. 2. 2. Active sampling methodThis method used an impactor sampler M. A. S. Q. -90, with 2 l/min airflow and a total air volume equal to 200 l. The following growth media were used [28]:tryptic soy agar (TSA) to determine the total number of bacteriablood agar to determine the presence of Staphylococcus and StreptococcusAgar (Oxoid) for fungi identificationTo obtain the total number of bacteria in the air of investigated rooms, the Petri dishes with growth media were incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then left for another 24 h at room temperature. To obtain the number of fungi colonies, the Petri dishes were exposed for 10 days at 25°C. The identification of bacteria types was made by macroscopic estimation (description of colony) and by microscopic estimation. Diagnosis of filamentous fungi was based on estimation of morphological features of growth on Czapek medium as well as on microscopic observation. 6. 3. Indicators used to assessed the air contamination of indoor airThe following were assessed and counted on a Petri dish:The total number of bacteria, expressed in CFU/m3 (colony-forming units/cubic meter, CFU/m3)The presence of Streptococcus alpha and beta hemolyticThe presence of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus with and without hemolytic proprietiesThe presence of coliform bacteria as an indicator of enteric contamination of airThe total number of fungi expressed in CFU/m3 as quantitative assessment of contaminationThe types of fungi as a qualitative assessment of indoor air contamination with fungi6. 4. 7. Results7. 1. Houses in Bucharest CityThe highest value for air contamination with germs at 37°C was equal to 21, 466 CFU/m3 in one of the apartments with one room (apartment B). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing methods for assessing the types and concentrations of microorganisms in the air, highlighting that indoor air quality devices can give approximations of bacterial and fungal concentrations, which implies that they do not eliminate respiratory issues but rather provide data about air quality.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Curcumin, found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory properties. [SEP] Text: Behavioral tests All rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess their motor functions. In the hind limb splay examination [3,5], the hind paws of rats were inked, then the rats were placed in a horizontal position of 30 cm high and dropped onto a white paper. The distance between the center points of right and left heels were recorded as the landing foot spread distance. In the movement initiation test [5, 24], the rat was held by its hind limbs and its torso, one forelimb was lifted above a table in order that the body weight was supported by the other forelimb alone. Then, rat was allowed to initiate stepping movements for one forelimb, and then the other. The averaged time period to initiate one step was recorded as the response latency for each forelimb. In the gait score test [3,5], animals were placed on the table and were observed for 3 min. Gait was scored as follow: 1: normal gait; 2, slightly abnormal gait characterized by slight ataxia, weakness and foot splay; 3, moderately abnormal gait characterized by obvious ataxia and foot splay with limb spread during ambulation; 4, severely abnormal gait characterized by a combination of all the above symptoms, dragging hind limbs and inability to support body weight. Histopathological analysis The collected brain tissues were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin followed by dehydrating and paraffin-embedding. Then, embedded brain sections (5-μm thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for histopathological observation. The histopathological changes in cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions were analyzed. TUNEL assay The apoptotic neurons in the brain sections were detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. After deparaffinization and rehydration, the brain sections were permeabilized with proteinase K solution, then exposed to the mixture of biotinylated nucleotide dUTP and recombinant terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) following the instruction manual of (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses behavioral tests and histopathological analysis in rat subjects without mentioning curcumin, turmeric, or their anti-inflammatory properties.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Some immersive soundscapes are designed to simulate natural environments, like forests or oceans. [SEP] Text: After 60 seconds, or the initial averaged step duration plus or minus 150 milliseconds, the footstep playback continued with this maximum step duration offset. Each participant either began by hearing increasing or decreasing footstep sound periods on route segment G and then continued with the other method on route segment H. After each segment, participants were interviewed if they noticed anything. Afterwards, participants were handed out a final questionnaire for gathering feedback about this study and the presented technology. We asked which study part they liked most, which soundscape they preferred and why, how accurate they found the timing of the step sounds to be, whether step sounds provided a more immersive and relaxing experience, as well as in which context they would use such audio augmentations. Furthermore, the participants were given the opportunity to give us free-form feedback. 6 the following, the results of the in-situ field study are presented. 6. 1 vs. Initially, the participants walked with active noise cancelling to familiarize themselves with the technology. In the subsequent interview eleven participants mentioned that it was unusual but pleasant to block the environmental noise. One noted that he never before realized how noisy the environment actually is. Two remarked that the headphones amplified their own footstep sounds while walking. In the following, results of our interviews from the counterbalanced soundscapes are presented. In the Beach soundscape, participants mostly mentioned the ocean wave sound first as a dominant keynote sound. One participant thought he mistook the sound of waves for approaching cars, and another noted that he had to look around to see where the water was coming from. P2 stated “It was confusing, it felt like I’m walking on a beach but I couldn’t see it. ”. Similarly P8 said “It was surreal to walk on the lively street but hear the soundscape of a beach. ”. Interestingly, some participants incorporated their visual impressions into the soundscape and felt even more immersed in a beach environment. P1 and P11 remarked that they had the impression of walking on a beach promenade, because of the restaurants nearby. P10, P12, and P14 had been on a beach vacation shortly before and felt taken back by the soundscape. With footstep augmentation, P6 noted “With the step sound it was different, I was more focused on the acoustic environment, it was more intense. ”. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing participants' experiences with different soundscapes, particularly the Beach soundscape. It mentions how participants recognized ocean wave sounds as a dominant keynote and felt immersed in a beach environment, even though they were walking on a lively street. P8's statement about feeling surreal while hearing the beach soundscape confirms the immersive design of such soundscapes to simulate natural environments.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Indoor air quality devices prevent all respiratory issues. [SEP] Text: Contamination with staphylococci in kitchen air (CFU/m3). Figure 9. Contamination with staphylococci in living rooms air (CFU/m). The ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37°C is around 40% in the kitchen and over 50% in the living rooms (Fig. 10). Figure 10. Ratio between staphylococci/germs at 37° in investigated houses. The assessment of the fungal contamination showed that in many homes, the level of fungal contamination was very high in all investigated rooms. The levels of fungi were between 635 and 10, 859 CFU/m3. The highest values measured were 2, 802 CFU/m3 in the living room, 2, 302 CFU/m3 in the kitchen, 7, 675 CFU/m3 in the bathroom, and 10, 859 CFU/m3 in the bedroom (highest overall). The species of fungi identified were Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus, Mucor, Cladosporium herbarum, and Fusarium. 7. 2. SchoolsIn a school in Bucharest, the following results were obtained: in an empty classroom, before 8:00 a. m. , the value identified was 25 CFU/m3; during the school day (at 9. 30:00 a. m. ) in a classroom with 23 children, the value identified was 67 CFU/m3; in a classroom with 36 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 229 CFU/m3; in a classroom with 23 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 140 CFU/m3; in a classroom (at 11:00 a. m. ) with 24 children and 1 teacher, the value identified was 1, 465 CFU/m3 with 38 CFU/m3 Streptococcus alpha-hemolytic present; in the school library (at 10:00 a. m. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by presenting data about high levels of microbial contamination, including staphylococci and fungi, in various indoor environments. It suggests that despite the presence of indoor air quality devices, significant levels of respiratory irritants such as staphylococci and various fungi were detected, which indicates that these devices are insufficient to prevent all respiratory issues.