Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: 1 4. 2 Table 5. TSS and pH values using industrial wastewaterThe values of current density, power density – which are higher here than in case of model waste water due to the higher resistance – and the cumulated energy data ∑P are listed in Table 6. Time (h) J (mA/m2) Pa (mW/m2) Pm (mW/m2) ∑P (mWh/m2) 1-330 181 52 59. 5 17 160 330-600 242 95 113 25 650 600-840 245 99. 2 118. 2 23 808 840-1000 51 4. 2 5. 0 642 Table 6. Results obtained using industrial waste streamThe current and power density values were outstanding compared to literature data [20-22] or the values obtained with the model wastewater. Altogether more than 60 thousands mWh/m2 energy was generated during the over 800 hour operation. In the last interval (after 840 hour) the substrate addition did not result in any increase of voltage data, moreover the pH decreased sharply, showing that the biochemical processes in the MFC have not been working properly any longer, thus the operation was ended. Advertisement 4. ConclusionA two-chamber MFC was designed and built in our laboratory where carbon cloth (fibres) were used as electrodes and Nafion 0125 protonselective membrane was placed between the two cells. Pretreated anaerobic sludge from a local biogas plant was applied in the anode chamber. Experiments with model and industrial wastewaters from a sugar beet factory were carried out to study the efficiency and stability of the system and to measure the electric power generated. It has turned out that it was possible to generate bioelectricity from the particular wastewater and the power data obtained were found similar or higher to the data published in literature, i. e. comparable performance was achieved in our MFC system. Our next purpose is to study the MFC for longer term operation, even in continuous mode of operation, so that we can insert the MFC into the processing scheme of the sugar beet factory [28]. Advertisement 4. 2. 2. A-11/1/KONV-2012-0071 and TÁMOP-4. 2. 2. A-11/1/KONV-2012-0038 projects; and the János Scholarship of the of Sciences. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing ongoing research with microbial fuel cells (MFCs), specifically mentioning the setup of a two-chamber MFC and experimentation with industrial wastewaters. It indicates intent to further study the MFC for longer-term operation and integration into processing schemes, which aligns with the exploration of scaling MFCs for commercial applications.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: An intrathoracic bar that has been in place for more than a month cannot be flipped back, and needs to be pulled out after straightening or with the patient in a different position to allow the curved bar to slip out. Techniques to remove the bar without straightening include using two operating tables in a T-shaped configuration to clear the lateral chest wall (8), or placing the patient in the prone position (9). We find the two-table technique cumbersome and consider the prone position potentially hazardous in the case of incidents such as bleeding or vital organ instability because access to the inside of the chest is difficult. Our technique for bar removal involves a maneuver that straightens the bar tips following the internal curvature of the bar to allow it to easily slide out, and then pulling the curvilinear bar out from either side. This technique permits smooth and straightforward removal, as confirmed by others (10). One unique feature that we see in pectus bar removal is callus formation around the bar, especially at the tips of the bar (11,12). It has been observed that submuscularly placed bars have a greater tendency of callus formation than subcutaneous bars (13). In these instances, dissecting the bar out of the bony overgrowth can be tedious. In most cases the buried bar could be released with an osteotome or rongeur, but occasionally dissection with an electric drill was required. Invariably, callus formation occurs at the end of the bar and the body of the pectus bar was free from bony burial such that the lateral side of the bar could be dissected easily. Based on this observation, we developed an instrument called the Hercules to relieve the hold of the callus on the bar (Figure 3). is designed to be introduced from the side of the bar instead of the tip of the bar that is buried in the callus (Figure 9). Once the Hercules is in position, the bar is bent manually and the callus can be broken to deliver the bar out of the wound without the need for total dissection to the tip of the bar (Figure 5). Figure 9 Comparison of application of bar flipper and Hercules: the Hercules is designed to be introduced from the side of the bar, whereas the flipper only can be applied at the tip of the bar (14). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the challenges related to the removal of intrathoracic bars, which are not designed to degrade after use and therefore require surgical removal. It highlights the difficulty of removing these bars due to complications such as callus formation, suggesting that these implants do not possess the advantageous feature of degradation that could eliminate the need for surgical intervention.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: r145983) The direct URL for this report is: Greeting of a day! i go. . . Continue reading of a day! i go through the revised version and stand it approved. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: and stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Major concerns: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 no treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they. . . Continue reading concerns: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 no treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? This study lacks the visual observation with camera and authors did not show any images of the appearance of the wounds and wound improvement. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. The conclusion is a bold statement. What are the next steps? What are the limitations of the study? Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Burn injuries and reconstructive surgery I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses a study on the effects of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats but does not provide any information regarding the historical use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: H Kim: Continuous electricity production from artificial wastewater using a mediator-less microbial fuel cell, 97 (2006) 621-62713. Z. Du, H. Li, T. Gu: A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: A promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy, 25 (2010) 464-48214. H. : Residence time distribution in microbial fuel cell and its influence on COD removal with electricity generation, Journal 27 (2005) 59-6515. D. H. Park, J. G. Zeikus: Improved fuel cell and electrode designs for producing electricity from microbial degradation, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 81 (2003) 348-35516. D. K. Daniel, B. D. Mankidy, K. Ambarish, R. Manogary: Construction and operation of a microbial fuel cell for electricity generation from wastewater, Int. J. Hydrogen En. 34 (2009) 7555-756017. I. Ivanov, L. Ren, M. Siegert, B. E. Logan: A quantitative method to evaluate microbial electrolysis cell effectiveness for energy revovery and wastewater treatment, In. J. 38 (2013) 13135-1314218. R. A. Rozendal, H. V,M. Hamalers, K. Rabaey, J. Keller, C. J. N. Buisman: Towards practical implementation of bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment, Trends in Biotechnology 26 (2008) 450-45919. G. Velvizhi, R. K. Goud, S. V. Mohan: Anoxic bio-electrochemical system for treatment of complex chemical wastewater with simultaneous bioelectricity generation, Bioresource Technology, 151 (2014) 214-22020. Y. Tian, C. Ji, K. Wang, P. Le-Clech: Assessment of an anaerobic membrane bio-electrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment and energy recovery, J. Membrane Sci. , 450 (2014) 242-24821. Q. Wen, Y. Wu, D. Cao, L. Zhao, Q. Sun: Electricity generation and modelling of microbial fuel cell from continuous beer brewery wastewater, 100 (2009) 4171-417522. B Cercado-Quezada, M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting various studies and advancements in microbial fuel cells, suggesting an ongoing research interest in scaling their application, particularly for wastewater treatment and energy recovery. It mentions multiple research papers focused on improving designs and operational methods, implying that these advancements could facilitate broader commercial utilization.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: before surgery: a — straight projection; b — oblique (3/4) projection (see the text for explanations) Оперативное лечение под спинальной анестезией — реконструктивно-пластическая операция правой стопы — выполнено 28. 07. 2017. Дугообразным разрезом выпуклостью книзу обнажен I плюсне-фаланговый сустав правой стопы. Из капсулы сустава выкроен треугольный лоскут с дистальным основанием. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim, as it describes surgical procedures involving the reconstruction of the right foot without any mention of medical implants or technology that degrades after use. It does not provide any information supporting, contrasting, or addressing the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3. . . Continue reading 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses the methodological aspects of a study involving rats and their treatment with Aloe vera gel in an experimental setting. There is no mention or historical context regarding the use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments over the centuries.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: 42 (2003) 2880-2883. [18] T. Zhang, Y. Zeng, S. Chen, X. Ai, H. Yang, Improved performances of E. coli-catalyzed microbial fuel cells with composite graphite/PTFE anodes, Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 349-353. [19] K. Watanabe, Recent developments in microbial fuel cell technologies for sustainable bioenergy, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 106 (2008) 528-536. [20] K. Scott, I. Cotlarciuc, I. Head, K. P. Katuri, D. Hall, J. B. Lakeman, D. Browning, Fuel cell power generation from marine sediments: Investigation of cathode materials, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 83 (2008) 1244-1254. [21] S. Cheng, H. Liu, B. E. Logan, Power densities using different cathode catalysts (Pt and CoTMPP) and polymer binders (Nafion and PTFE) in single chamber microbial fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 364-369. [22] M. Ma, S. You, G. Xiao-bo, Y. Dai, J. Zou, H. Fu, Silver/iron oxide/graphitic carbon composites as bacteriostatic catalysts for enhancing oxygen reduction in microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sourc. 283 (2015) 74-83. [23] S. K. Chaudhuri, D. R. Lovley, Electricity generation by direct oxidation of glucose in mediatorless microbial fuel cells, Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (2003) 1229-1232. [24] T. Catal, K. Li, H. Bermek, H. Liu, Electricity production from twelve monosaccharides using microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sourc. 175 (2008) 196-200. [25] M. . Younesi, M. Shakeri, A novel microbial fuel cell stack for continuous production of clean energy, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 37 (2012) 5992-6000. [26] Q. Yang, X. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it references recent developments and performance improvements in microbial fuel cells, indicating ongoing research efforts in the field. This supports the idea that researchers are indeed exploring ways to advance microbial fuel cell technology for greater commercial viability.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: 8), интеграции углеродного наноструктурного имплантата с костной тканью не произошло, равно как и не произошло обещанного производителем образования «костно-углеродного блока». Это клиническое наблюдение показывает, что внедренные углеродные наноструктурные имплантаты не всегда обеспечивают активный рост новообразуемой кости в его порах. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that carbon nanostructured implants did not integrate with bone tissue, indicating that they may not be effective for degrading and avoiding surgical removal as intended.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the historical use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments; instead, it focuses on a specific experimental study involving rats and discusses methodological aspects of the research. Thus, it is irrelevant to the claim which pertains to the historical usage of Aloe vera.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Description Paper-fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that convert organic substances into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. The MFCs are advantageous in an industrial perspective as these can utilize a wide range of substrates. Hence, paper-based MFCs are a promising alternative for bioelectricity generation which can act ideally even without much effort by the operator and can produce efficient power even after just being plummeted onto the liquid solution containing organic matter. Further, the wide-scale applicability of paper-based MFCs along with their cost-effective features has made the device an important ration in the present industrial based energy sector. (MFC), Exoelectrogens, Membranes, online 2/21/2019, 24 pages Citation: -. 46, pp 101-124, 2019 DOI: Part of the book on Cells 630. [2] N. Thepsuparungsikul, N. Phonthamachai, H. Y. Ng, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as electrode material for microbial fuel cells, Technol. 65 (2012) 1208-1214. [3] B. E. Logan, Scaling up microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85 (2010) 1665-1671. [4] J. Chouler, M. Di Lorenzo, Water quality monitoring in developing countries; can microbial fuel cells be the answer? Biosensors (Basel). 5 (2015) 450-470. [5] M. Di Lorenzo, A. R. Thomson, K. Schneider, P. J. Cameron, I. Ieropoulos, A small-scale air-cathode microbial fuel cell for on-line monitoring of water quality, Biosens Bioelectron. 62 (2014) 182-188. [6] Y. C. Yong, Y. Y. Yu, X. Zhang, H. Song, Highly active bidirectional electron transfer by a self-assembled electroactive reduced-graphene oxide-hybridized biofilm, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53 (2014) 4480-4483. [7] C. I. Torres, A. Kato Marcus, B. E. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the advantages of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and their wide-scale applicability and cost-effective features, suggesting these technologies are being developed for industrial use. It specifically mentions that paper-based MFCs are a promising alternative for bioelectricity generation, which aligns with the idea of scaling MFCs for broader commercial applications.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: ВыводТаким образом, по нашим данным и результатам КТ-исследований, интеграции и формирования костно-углеродного блока при применении углеродного наноструктурного имплантата не происходит, консолидация зоны остеотомии идет по типу обрастания имплантата костной тканью по периферии, как инородного тела. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that the application of a carbon nanostructured implant does not lead to integration and formation of a bone-carbon block, implying that the implant behaves like a foreign body and suggests that removal might still be necessitated.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern Respond or 28 Feb 2023 Pane, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia 28 Feb 2023 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3. . . Continue reading 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about Aloe vera being used for centuries to treat skin ailments. The text discusses a study on rats using Aloe vera gel but does not provide any historical context or evidence regarding its long-term use for treating skin ailments. It focuses more on the methodology and limitations of the study rather than the historical usage of Aloe vera.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Singh, A. W. Zularisam, Exoelectrogens: recent advances in molecular drivers involved in extracellular electron transfer and strategies used to improve it for microbial fuel cell applications, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 56 (2016) 1322-1336. [27] Y. Yang, Y. Ding, Y. Hu, B. Cao, S. A. Rice, S. Kjelleberg, H. Song, Enhancing bidirectional electron transfer of Shewanella oneidensis by a synthetic flavin pathway, ACS Synth. Biol. 4 (2015) 815-823. [28] D. R. Bond, D. R. Lovley, Electricity production by Geobacter sulfurreducens attached to electrodes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 (2003) 1548-1555. [29] F. Kracke, I. Vassilev, J. O. Krömer, Microbial electron transport and energy conservation–the foundation for optimizing bioelectrochemical systems, Front Microbiol. 6 (2015) 575. [30] P. Parameswaran, T. electrochemical, and microscopic characterization of the thermophilic, anode-respiring bacterium Thermincola ferriacetica, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013) 4934-4940. [31] A. Okamoto, S. Kalathil, X. Deng, K. Hashimoto, R. Nakamura, K. H. Nealson, Cell-secreted flavins bound to membrane cytochromes dictate electron transfer reactions to surfaces with diverse charge and pH, Scientific Reports. 4 (2014) 5628. [32] oxidation of glucose with bacteria Escherichia coli, Russ. J. Electrochem. 37 (2001) 1216-1219. [33] S. Choi, Microscale microbial fuel cells: advanceds and challenges, Biosens. Bioelectron. 69 (2015) 8-25. [34] -based microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices, Lab Chip. 13 (2013) 2210-2251. [35] J. Winfield, P. Milani, J. Greenman, I. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides multiple references to advancements in microbial fuel cells and the various studies that focus on enhancing their efficiency and electron transfer mechanisms. These references indicate ongoing research aimed at improving microbial fuel cell applications, which aligns with the claim that researchers are exploring ways to scale these technologies for broader commercial use.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: This technology is useful in medical implants that degrade after use to avoid surgical removal. [SEP] Text: During this time, based on a patient navigation manual developed for the project that built upon extant research [23,38], the met with the patient at the hospital bedside to discuss patient-specific barriers, review the recommendations of the medical team (including the CL team), and to initiate rapport-building. Using patient navigation services and motivational intervention techniques, the continued to coordinate with the patient following discharge for up to 3 months to identify available resources and strategies to resolve discussed barriers (e. g. , transportation, insurance coverage, governmental assistance). Navigators had a small fund available (used on a case-by-case basis and typically not exceeding $200 total per participant) to assist patients in obtaining ID cards, transportation, low-cost phones/cell phone minutes, and other related items. Table 1 shows examples of common barriers and how the Navigators would address them. TABLE 1 Table 1. Examples of potential barriers to engaging in care and navigator response. Prior to the start of the study, the integrated themselves into the well-established CL team within the hospital. became well-versed in the treatment modalities and providers in the local SUD and medical systems by visiting various clinics and establishing communication with intake coordinators and clinical teams in the surrounding area. For example, Navigators created a database of community-based programs with details on requirements of each program in order to inform their referral process. were conducted by well-trained RAs as outlined in Table 2. The RAs were blinded to study condition at baseline (assessment was conducted prior to random assignment). RAs were not blind to assignment at follow-up visits. All participants were sought for follow-up assessments at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-discharge, as available (i. e. , alive, not incarcerated). Assessments consisted of a battery of instruments to measure outcomes including, by not limited to: substance use (Index-Lite) [39], SUD severity (modified [WMH-CIDI]), risk behaviors (Battery) [40], health and functioning (of Life [-BREF]) [41], psychological stress (Kessler-6 scale) [42], healthcare utilization, and economic cost data. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses patient navigation services and the coordination of care for patients post-discharge without mentioning any technology related to medical implants or degradation. Therefore, it does not provide any supporting or contrasting information regarding the utility of degrading medical implants.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about Aloe vera's historical use for treating skin ailments. Instead, it focuses on a recent experimental study involving rats, examining the effects of Aloe vera gel on burn healing without any historical context or reference to its use in traditional medicine.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Nevin, Microbial production of multi-carbon chemicals and fuels from water and carbon dioxide using electric current, US Patent, 9856449, January 2, 2018. [53] Z. Xu, Y. Liu, I. Williams, Y. Li, F. Qian, H. Zhang, D. Cai, L. Wang, B. Li, Disposable self-support paper-based multi-anode microbial fuel cell (PMMFC) integrated with power management system (PMS) as the real time “shock” biosensor for wastewater, Biosens. Bioelectron. 85 (2016) 232-239. [54] A. Escapa, M. I. San-Martín, R. Mateos, A. Morán, Scaling-up of membraneless microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for domestic wastewater treatment: Bottlenecks and limitations, Bioresour. Technol. 180 (2015) 72-78. [55] H. the burden of food processing washdown wastewaters using microbial fuel cells, Biochem. Eng. J. 117 (2017) 210-217. [56] W. Yang, J. Li, Q. Fu, L. Zhang, X. Zhu, Q. Liao, A simple method for preparing a binder-free paper-based air cathode for microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 241 (2017) 325-331. [57] F. M. Ramírez, H. Addi, F. J. H. Fernández, C. Godínez, A. Pérez de los Ríos, E. M. Lotfi, M. El Mahi, L. J. Lozano Blanco, Air breathing cathode-microbial fuel cell with separator based on ionic liquid applied to slaughterhouse wastewater treatment and bio-energy production, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 92 (2017) 642-648. [58] leachate: a promising substrate for microbial fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 42 (2017) 23794-23798. [59] P. Jain, M. Sharma, P. Dureja, P. M. Sarma, B. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides references to various research related to scaling microbial fuel cells and their applications, which directly supports the claim that researchers are investigating ways to enhance and commercialize these technologies. For example, it discusses 'scaling-up of membraneless microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for domestic wastewater treatment' and highlights specific studies focused on practical uses, implying active exploration and interest in scaling these technologies.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads can also help prevent snow accumulation by heating the surface. [SEP] Text: For instance, we’re finding ways to prompt the immune system to reject tumours. “Immunology helps us understand autoimmune diseases, where the body rejects its own tissues. This includes lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. We’re also finding more and more links between the immune system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and the possibility that it is a malfunction of the innate immune system that leads to the death of brain cells. “The beauty of immunology is that it doesn’t involve just a single tool. It involves learning a whole set of tools and is now being further enriched by the rise of new fields such as computational immunogenomics. A lot of our lab work these days involves analysis of very large sets of genes or seeing which genes are being transcribed. This is a lot more efficient than experiments on individual cells. “Understanding computer science and mathematics is becoming increasingly important to immunology. When you have gigantic datasets, you have to know what to do with them. Processing and visualising them accurately and effectively is essential and requires a knowledge of programming and statistics. ” Pathway from school to immunology • Fadi says studying biology at school and post-16 is essential. He also highlights the growing importance of computer science within his field. Other subjects such as mathematics and chemistry can also be useful. • At university, specific degrees in immunology are available at a number of institutions. Other degrees that can lead to a career in immunology include medicine, biology, molecular biology and genetics. Explore careers in immunology • for Science runs a wealth of impactful science competitions and outreach programmes for high school students. • of Pittsburgh, where Fadi works, holds a number of summer camps and other research opportunities for high school students. • Association of Immunologists has a summer research programme for high school teachers that promotes excellence in science education. • Careers in immunology can involve work in the lab, with patients or both. Immunology jobs can be well-paid – according to CareerExplorer, the average salary for an immunologist in the US is around $200,000. “I remember being inspired by books, such as the Children’s Encyclopaedia Britannica, and educational magazines I borrowed from my brother. I like physical books – a solid object that doesn’t involve other distractions, like online sources do. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses immunology, autoimmune diseases, and the importance of various academic subjects and careers in the field of immunology. It does not mention solar-powered roads or snow accumulation, thus providing no support, contrast, or relevant information regarding the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern 0 to cite this report: Rusip G. For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The answer from the author is by the. . . Continue reading answer from the author is by the response; the manuscript is perfect. I approve the 10. 5256/f1000research. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a study on the effects of Aloe vera gel on burn healing in rats and outlines the methodologies and limitations of the research. It does not provide historical context or mention the traditional use of Aloe vera for skin ailments.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: [24] fuel cell performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes on carbon cloth as electrodes, J. Power Sources. 194 (2009) 199-205. [25] Y. nanotube/polyaniline composite as anode material for microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sources. 170 (2007) 79-84. [26] Z. generation from artificial wastewater using an upflow microbial fuel cell, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 5262-5267. [27] Y. Feng, Q. Yang, X. Wang, B. E. Logan, Treatment of carbon fiber brush anodes for improving power generation in air–cathode microbial fuel cells, J. Power Sources. 195 (2010) 1841-1844. [28] D. A. Lowy, L. M. Tender, Harvesting energy from the marine sediment–water interface: III. Kinetic activity of quinone-and antimony-based anode materials, J. Power Sources. 185 (2008) 70-75. [29] K. Guo, A. Prévoteau, S. A. Patil, K. Rabaey, Engineering electrodes for microbial electrocatalysis, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 33 (2015) 149-156. [30] K. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Chen, Improved microbial electrocatalysis with neutral red immobilized electrode, J. Power Sources. 196 (2011) 164-168. [31] S. Kondaveeti, J. Lee, R. Kakarla, H. S. Kim, B. Min, Low-cost separators for enhanced power production and field application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), Electrochim. Acta. 132 (2014) 434-440. [32] S. Choi, J. R. Kim, J. Cha, Y. Kim, G. C. Premier, C. Kim, Enhanced power production of a membrane electrode assembly microbial fuel cell (MFC) using a cost effective poly [2, 5-benzimidazole](ABPBI) impregnated non-woven fabric filter, Bioresour. Technol. 128 (2013) 14-21. [33] J. Sun, Y. Hu, Z. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text includes multiple references to research studies on microbial fuel cells (MFCs), indicating ongoing exploration of their performance and application. Specifically, it discusses improvements in microbial electrocatalysis and various electrode materials, which are crucial aspects that affect the scalability and commercial viability of MFCs. Research on engineering electrodes for microbial electrocatalysis and the enhancement of power production suggests that researchers are indeed investigating ways to make microbial fuel cells more effective, which supports the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Research in this area has focused on detecting cracks and anomalies in solar cells using signal processing and image processing techniques20,21,22,23. Nevertheless, a recent study24 developed a method for automatically detecting PV module defects in electroluminescence images, using a light convolutional neural network architecture to identify defects in EL images, achieving 93. 02% accuracy on the solar cell dataset. Additionally, the classifications of solar cell defects are based on two machine learning approaches proposed by25 utilizing features extraction-based support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Using suitable hyperparameters, algorithm optimizers, and loss functions, they have achieved 91. 58% accuracy in cell detection classification. It takes a large amount of data to compile the existing CNN-based solar cell detection methods (usually more than 100 images for each cell) as well as highly complex structures for the CNN to work accurately26,27. In recent years, CNN-based algorithms for the detection of solar cell cracks have also been tested in non-industrial settings, where they gain access to EL images and develop their models afterwards, without purifying the validity of their models when applied in an industrial setting (for example, time of processing, speed of cracked solar cell detection, detection of abnormal solar cell structures, test the CNN model against different solar cells containing different busbars, etc. ). Typically, CNN models are slow due to an operation known as “max pooling” within their architecture28, and this method is frequently used to inspect solar cells. In real-world applications of CNN models, training CNNs with multiple layers takes a long time if a computer does not have a high-performance GPU. Neither max pooling nor multi-layer CNNs were used in our work. CNN are becoming increasingly important in the PV industry for crack detection. The use of CNNs in crack detection can provide several benefits over traditional methods. One of the main benefits of using CNNs for crack detection is their ability to automatically learn and identify patterns in images. This allows them to accurately detect and classify cracks in PV panels, even in cases where the cracks are not clearly visible or have complex shapes. Additionally, CNNs can be trained to detect cracks in images with high accuracy and efficiency, which can save time and resources compared to manual inspection methods. This is particularly important in the PV industry where large number of PV panels need to be inspected regularly and efficiently. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the need for regular inspection and maintenance of solar panels, particularly in the context of detecting cracks and anomalies using advanced technology like CNNs. It mentions that CNNs provide significant benefits in crack detection but emphasizes that such monitoring is crucial for the effective performance of solar cells, contradicting the idea that solar-powered roads need no maintenance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: 135733. r145982) The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: Major: The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must. . . Continue reading : The authors mainly focuses on wound repair after burn injury but fail to show the result. Only the data of fibroblast and macrophages did not justify the whole questions? To answer this question author must show picture of wound healing, histopathological picture, wound healing area, How authors say that the size of 2×2 cm2 is reduced? Author must show the data about the wound healing in term of wound healing picture and wound healing area? Images of a H&E staining should be provided and correlate it with number of fibroblast and other mentioned cells. Improve the scientific language. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Stem cell I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: The direct URL for this report is: The manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. In general, I find this manuscript to make an important contribution in developing palatable and superior bioactive compounds in Aloe. . . Continue reading manuscript by Pane presents the intervening Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the historical use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments. Instead, it focuses on a specific study about the effects of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats. Therefore, the text is irrelevant to the claim regarding the traditional use of Aloe vera.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Bi, Y. Cao, Improved performance of air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment using microfiltration membranes and multiple sludge inoculation, J. Power Sources. 187 (2009) 471-479. [34] B. Min, J. Kim, S. generation from swine wastewater using microbial fuel cells, Water Res. 39 (2005) 4961-4968. [35] J. R. Kim, S. generation using different cation, anion, and ultrafiltration membranes in microbial fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41 (2007) 1004-1009. [36] S. Cheng, H. Liu, B. E. Logan, Increased performance of single-chamber microbial fuel cells using an improved cathode structure, Electrochem. Commun. 8 (2006) 489-494. [37] Z. He, N. upflow microbial fuel cell with an interior cathode: assessment of the internal resistance by impedance spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 5212-5217. [38] S. Ayyaru, S. Dharmalingam, Improved performance of microbial fuel cells using sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) TiO2–SO3H nanocomposite membrane, RSC Adv. 3 (2013) 25243-25251. [39] I. Ieropoulos, J. Greenman, C. Melhuish, Improved energy output levels from small-scale microbial fuel cells, Bioelectrochemistry. 78 (2010) 44-50. [40] advances in the separators for microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 244-252. [41] F. Harnisch, U. Schröder, F. Scholz, The suitability of monopolar and bipolar ion exchange membranes as separators for biological fuel cells, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 1740-1746. [42] Y. Zuo, S. Cheng, D. Call, B. E. Logan, Tubular membrane cathodes for scalable power generation in microbial fuel cells, Technol. 41 (2007) 3347-3353. [43] J. Moon, S. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text references multiple studies focused on improving the performance and efficiency of microbial fuel cells, including their scalability for practical applications. For example, it mentions improved energy output levels from small-scale microbial fuel cells, which directly relates to exploring ways to enhance their use in commercial settings. Therefore, the text supports the claim that researchers are working on scaling microbial fuel cells.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Real-World Validation: We validate the performance of our system using real-world cases, such as shaded areas and microcracks, which are accurately predicted by the DSMP-CNN architecture. This validation showcases the robustness and reliability of our approach in practical scenarios. Improved Efficiency and Reduced Defective Cells: By leveraging the power of DSMP-CNN, our research has significant implications for the PV industry. The proposed system can reduce the number of defective cells by accurately detecting and preventing cracks and other defects. This leads to improved efficiency and overall performance of PV assembly units, resulting in cost savings for PV system owners and operators. Materials and methodsThe CNN network is implemented using EL images taken directly from a manufacturing solar cell line facility, as shown in Fig. 1a. PV cells can be tested under EL cameras to find hidden defects in their structure; however, as described earlier, automation of detection is necessary for fast decision-making about whether the solar cell is cracked. In Fig. 1b, five healthy (non-defective) solar cells are displayed, while defective solar cells are shown in Fig. 1c. We implemented the CNN as part of the EL setup, so that the process could automatically determine if a solar cell should continue in production (defect-free cells) or if it should be reported as damaged and go into the recycling process (defective solar cells). Figure 1(a) Solar cell production line with in-house EL detection equipment, (b) Example of solar cells without any cracks “healthy samples”, (c) Example of solar cells with cracks “cracked samples”. Full size imageEL imaging is a technique used to visualize the electrical activity within a solar cell. In this process, a high-voltage electrical current is applied to the solar cell, causing it to emit light. This light can be captured using a camera, and the resulting image can be analyzed to gain insight into the performance of the solar cell. EL imaging can be used to identify areas of the solar cell that are not functioning properly, such as regions with high resistance or low light absorption (Fig. 1c). Additionally, it can be used to optimize the design of the solar cell to improve its overall efficiency. In this study, the EL image resolution employed for CNN training, validation, and testing purposes ranges from 1000 × 1000 pixels to 2500 × 2500 pixels. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the necessity of automated detection for defects in solar cells, indicating that they can develop issues such as cracks. This implies that solar-powered roads would similarly require ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure their performance, as the text highlights the reliance on systems to detect defects and improve efficiency.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physiology human, exercise, and much research-related use plants as herbal medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. . For: Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research 2023, 11:168 ( The direct URL for this report is: We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. Gusbakti Rusip, I really appreciate your willingness to review my manuscript. explain more information to improve understanding in this 10. 6084/m9. figshare. 17194973. v1) We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly support, contrast, or provide relevant information to the claim regarding Aloe vera's historical use for treating skin ailments. It discusses various aspects of a study involving Aloe vera and its effects on post-burn skin repair in rats, but it does not mention historical usage or traditional medicinal practices.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Logan, Increasing power generation for scaling up single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cells, Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 4468-4473. [53] V. Vologni, R. Kakarla, I. Angelidaki, B. Min, Increased power generation from primary sludge by a submersible microbial fuel cell and optimum operational conditions, Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 36 (2013) 635-642. [54] R. . Min, Enhanced performance of an air–cathode microbial fuel cell with oxygen supply from an externally connected algal bioreactor, Bioresour. Technol. 195 (2015) 210-216. [55] R. Kakarla, B. Min, Evaluation of microbial fuel cell operation using algae as an oxygen supplier: carbon paper cathode vs. carbon brush cathode, Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 37 (2014) 2453-2461. [56] R. Kakarla, B. Min, Photoautotrophic microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus attached on a cathode as oxygen producers for microbial fuel cell (MFC) operation, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 39 (2014) 10275-10283. [57] Z. He, Y. Huang, A. K. Manohar, F. Mansfeld, Effect of electrolyte pH on the rate of the anodic and cathodic reactions in an air-cathode microbial fuel cell, Bioelectrochem. 74 (2008) 78-82. [58] Y. Zhang, B. Min, L. Huang, I. J. A. Angelidaki, Generation of electricity and analysis of microbial communities in wheat straw biomass-powered microbial fuel cells, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (2009) 3389-3395. [59] T. Akiba, H. Bennetto, J. Stirling, K. Tanaka, Electricity production from alkalophilic organisms, Biotechnol. Lett. 9 (1987) 611-616. [60] S. You, Q. Zhao, J. Zhang, J. Jiang, S. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by documenting various studies and research efforts focused on microbial fuel cells, indicating ongoing exploration and enhancements in the technology that suggest an intention towards scaling for broader commercial use. References to specific improvements in power generation, operational conditions, and methodologies directly relate to the idea of scaling for commercial viability.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: On the other hand, if the network detects cracks or fractures in the cell, it is classified as "rejected" and sent for recycling. The use of a CNN network in this process allows for a high level of automation and accuracy in the inspection of solar cells, as the network can quickly and reliably identify defects that may not be visible to the human eye. During the development of the CNN architecture for solar cell inspection, one of the major challenges faced was adjusting parameters that affect the accuracy, such as the number of training cycles (epochs), validation accuracy, and the rate at which the model learns (learning rate). It was discovered that if the learning rate was too high, the model would converge to a suboptimal solution quickly, and if the learning rate was too low, the process could become stuck29,30. To overcome this challenge, the team started by using a learning rate of 0. 01 and 10 epochs for the first CNN network (Net1). Initially, the validation accuracy was 56%, but this was gradually improved by increasing the learning rate to 0. 0001 and increasing the number of epochs to 20. This resulted in a maximum validation accuracy of 81. 5% for Net1 as seen in Fig. 5a. Figure 5Validation accuracy of CNN network architectures. (a) Net1, (b) Net2, (c) Net3, (d) Net4. Full size imageSince further increasing the number of epochs was not improving accuracy, the team focused on improving the CNN architecture. They replicated the mean pooling of Net1 to the maximum pooling of Net2, which resulted in an improvement in validation accuracy of 87. 5%, as seen in Fig. 5b. We continued to improve the architecture by keeping the same learning rate and epochs and adding three convolution layers with max-mean pooling and max-max pooling, respectively, resulting in validation accuracies of 93. 75 and 96. 97% for Net3 and Net4 as seen in Fig. 5c and d. This allowed them to achieve a high level of accuracy with 20 epochs and a learning rate of 0. 0001. Similarly, the loss function for CNN models is a key parameter to consider, as it measures the variance between the predicted output and the actual ground truth data. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the process of inspecting solar cells for cracks or fractures, indicating that these cells can be 'rejected' and sent for recycling if defects are detected. This implies that maintenance is necessary to monitor the condition of solar-powered roads, directly contradicting the idea that they require no maintenance over their lifetime.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. a concern on this 1. In the method section, the authors mentioned that they divided the rats into 3 groups, group 1 without treatment, group 2 with gel base and group 3 with gel. Why did they name group 1 as standard group? What do they mean by "standard"? Answer: Naming group 1 as the standard group because group I is a group consisting of normal rat samples without being given burns or treatment only as a comparison to normal skin histology. This research is a true experimental study which has a control variable and the sample is randomly selected. At the beginning of the study we divided 54 rats into 3 large groups (group-I, II and III) with 3 small groups in them (day 3, 14 and 21) of each group @ 6 rats, namely: consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each. This group will be executed and their skin tissue will be taken on day-3, day-14 and day-21. The skin tissue taken was then examined histopathologically and used as a control skin of rats without being treated for BURN. Therefore we call as the "". Group II consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with on the back of each rat, and every day they were smeared with gel base (gel without active substance) to see how the burn wound healed physiologically. We named this Group II the "" because it was not given any treatment. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on the methodology of a study involving rats and mentions components of Aloe vera gel without discussing its historical use for treating skin ailments. While it indicates that Aloe vera may play a role in burn repair, it does not provide information supporting the claim regarding its long history of use.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: Electron transfer and power output of MFC have been increased by improving the production of biosurfactants. Rhamnolipids synthesis in P. aeruginosa was increased by over expressing the gene rh1A and this leads to enhance the flow of electrons through the electron shuttle. It also enhanced the attachment of bacteria to the anode. This genetically modified strain gave us 2. 5 times more production of electric current than that of the original strain [85]. Now after this scientists are working on exogenous surfactants which have proved more effective to produce electricity by MFC. Tween 80, EDTA, and polyethyleneimine are used as surfactants to improve the conduction of MFC and EET in bacteria [86,87]. As chemicals surfactants have side effects as well such as toxic to bacteria cells or leads to death of the bacterial cell [86,88]. That is why the addition of chemical surfactants to MFC needs to be improved to prevent bacterial death. As compared to these chemical surfactants the biosurfactants produced by bacteria are less toxic for MFC. Rhamnolipids and sophorolipid both are good biosurfactants that enhanced the performance of MFC and EET [88,89]. Go to Review 98. (2014) Electroactive bacteria-molecular mechanisms and genetic tools. Biotechnol 98(20): 8481-8495. (2020) Electric bacteria: a review. J 11(1): 7-15. Nealson KH (2017) Bioelectricity (electro microbiology) and sustainability. 10(5): 1114-1119. (2006) Biofuel cells and their development. 21(11): 2015-2045. (2014) Characterization of microbial current production as a function of microbe-electrode-interaction. 157: 284-292. Bücking C, Schicklberger M, (2013) The biochemistry of dissimilatory ferric iron and manganese reduction in Shewanella oneidensis. Metal Respiration. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 82. (2018) Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power performance improvement through enhanced microbial electrogenicity. 36(4): 1316-1327. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing advancements in microbial fuel cells (MFC) that contribute to their scalability and efficiency. Specifically, it mentions the increase in electron transfer and power output through the enhancement of biosurfactant production, which is crucial for improving MFC performance. The exploration of both genetically modified strains and the use of effective surfactants points to ongoing research aimed at optimizing MFC technology, thereby supporting the claim regarding the commercialization of this energy generation method.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: 1% and an acceptance rate of 0. 9%, which is a valid prediction as the cell is visibly damaged by the presence of significant cracks. Figure 8Examined cracked solar cells with an acceptance/rejection percentage. (a) Case 3, (b) Case 4. Full size imageTo further validate the reliability of the testing, an additional examination of cracked solar cells was conducted. This was done on Case 4, which was similar to Case 3, but with fewer cracks present, as shown in Fig. 8b. The system's prediction was that 98. 4% of the solar cells would be rejected, which is still a reasonable estimate, but the rejection rate was lower than that of Case 3, due to the presence of fewer cracks. A further example of crack detection can be found in Figs. S1 and S2 for 12 different healthy and cracked solar cells samples, respectively. Based on the analysis of four distinct cases, it appears that the proposed system is capable of providing accurate predictions, as evidenced by the reference images. However, it should be noted that certain cases may present more of a challenge to predict, and these will be discussed in the following section. There are many challenges associated with predicting whether a cell will be accepted or rejected, and one of the key challenges is predicting potential-induced degradation (PID). PID is a leading cause of module degradation and is caused by the high voltage generated between the encapsulants and the front glass surface, which is grounded through either the cell frame or the substructure31. As a result of this, we started to conduct testing on the solar cells before and after PID. The PID test was carried out while connecting the solar cells with − 1000 V for 96 h duration, and after we obtained the EL images before and after the PID, we put on the CNN system to test whether can predict the PID as accepted or rejected. After running the system, it was determined that (case 5) the acceptance rate of the solar cells before the PID was 99. 2%, as shown in Fig. 9a. Despite the fact that the cells began to diminish after the PID occurred, this prediction resulted in a rejection of 98. 2% for solar cells with a PID, as shown in Fig. 9b. These precise predictions demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in determining the acceptance rate of solar cells with and without a PID, making it a valuable tool for evaluating the condition of photovoltaic cells. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various challenges associated with solar cell degradation, such as potential-induced degradation (PID), which indicates that solar cells may not be maintenance-free. The mention of tests conducted before and after PID suggests that maintenance is necessary to ensure the functionality and acceptance of solar cells, thereby rebutting the assertion that solar-powered roads require no maintenance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Whereas group III consisted of 18 rats divided into 3 small groups of 6 rats each which were treated with BURNS on the back of each rat, and smeared with Aloe vera gel (a gel with the active ingredient Aloe vera herb) every day to see how the process is progressed to healing burns with Aloe vera treatment. We call this Group III the "" because they were given the Aloe vera gel treatment. 2. This study lacks visual observation with a camera and the authors do not show a picture of the appearance of the wound and wound repair. This is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Answer: 6 in the new version. 3. The conclusion is a bold statement. What's the next step? Answer: See the conclusion in the new version. 4. What are the limitations of the study? Answer: Application of gel to burns in rats that cannot be controlled because rats can lick/clean it even though it has been prepared by making burns on the rat's back which is difficult for them to reach compared to the stomach, legs and other areas. The rat rubbed the wound so that the application of Aloe vera gel became less/ineffective. The limited time of this research makes this research must be completed within the specified time. View more View less No competing interests were disclosed. reply a concern keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 01 Aug 2022 | for Version 2 Gusbakti Rusip, Department of Physiology, Faculty of 0 Views copyright © 2022 Rusip G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses(0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the 3. It would be easier to explain in the discussion section. In the discussion section, please explain clearly the bioactive compounds contained in Aloe vera other than glucomannan and acemannan. Are there other active ingredients? What do the authors mean treatment days 14 and 21? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is largely focused on a specific study involving rats treated with Aloe vera gel for burns, but it does not provide any historical context or evidence regarding the long-term use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments. Thus, it is irrelevant to the claim, which discusses the historical application of Aloe vera rather than details of a scientific study.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: (2017) Characterization of the electric current generation potential of the pseudomonas aeruginosa using glucose, fructose, and sucrose in double chamber microbial fuel cell. Biotechnol 15(4): 216. (2020) Application of advanced anodes in microbial fuel cells for power generation: A review. Chemosphere 248: 125985. (2016) Characterization of electricity generated by soil in microbial fuel cells and the isolation of soil source exoelectrogenic bacteria. 7: 1776. (2015) Bioelectricity production from microbial fuel cell using mixed bacterial culture isolated from distillery wastewater. 195: 242-247. (2015) Application of electrochemically active bacteria as anodic biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells. 43(1): 155-163. (2011) The skin microbiome. Nature reviews microbiology 9(4): 244-253. - (2018) A flavin-based extracellular electron transfer mechanism in diverse Gram-positive bacteria. Nature 562(7725): 140-144. A (2018) Exporting electrons. Microbiol 16(11): 657-657. Cadirci BH (2018) An electricity production study by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. 43(38): 18001-18006. (2011) Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. 15(3): 1513-1524. (2016) Solar-wind hybrid renewable energy system: A review. 58: 23-33. (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Microbiol 54(6): 1472-1480. (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Science 240(4857): 1319-1321. (2011) Structure of a bacterial cell surface decaheme electron conduit. 108(23): 9384-9389. (2012) The ‘porin-cytochrome’model for microbe‐to‐mineral electron transfer. 85(2): 201-212. El-(2013) Live wires. Scientist 27(5): 38-43. (2014) Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text includes various studies and reviews about microbial fuel cells, their electric current generation potential, and applications of advanced anodes, which directly indicates ongoing research efforts in scaling microbial fuel cells for broader uses. By discussing elements such as the characterization of electricity generated by different bacteria and advancements in bioelectricity production, the text supports the claim that researchers are indeed exploring the commercialization of microbial fuel cells.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Figure 9Examined solar cells with PID (case 5). (a) Before PID, (b) After PID. Full size imageFor the purpose of further validation for the PID a further case (case 6) was tested on the system with the same characteristics as Case 5 but with a much more noticeable dimming specifically after the PID occurred as shown in Fig. 10a and b. Figure 10Examined solar cells with PID (case 6). (a) Before PID, (b) After PID. Full size imageUpon running the system, it predicts that the system can effectively differentiate between the solar cells prior and subsequent to the PID by accepting the percentage of cells prior to the PID of 99. 4%, while at the same time making accurate predictions for the cells with PID, with a rejection rate of 99. 4%. This indicates a remarkable performance of the system and suggests that it is capable of distinguishing between cells that have undergone PID and those that have not, with a high degree of accuracy and precision. In our study, we examined solar cells with shaded areas, which are commonly observed in silicon-based solar cells due to a phenomenon known as shunting. Shunting occurs during the manufacturing process and results in localized shaded regions on the solar cell's surface. By including shaded areas in our evaluation, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of our crack detection system in identifying and distinguishing between genuine cracks and these shunted regions. Solar cells with shaded areas (labelled in red dashed circles in Fig. 11) are especially challenging to predict whether they will be accepted or rejected. This is because the shade will cause an uneven distribution of current in the busbars. This would lead to stress in the cell and consequently higher temperatures. In the light of that, we took a look at two cases of solar cells with shaded areas, referred to as cases 7 and 8, and conducted the same processing test on them as on the others. Based on the results of the analysis, it was predicted that both cases would be rejected with 98. 5% and 98. 9%, respectively, as shown in Fig. 11a and b, which were accurate predictions given that the system has been trained to detect cells with shaded areas. Figure 11Examined solar cells with shaded area. (a) Case 7, (b) Case 8. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the challenges faced by solar cells, particularly the issue of Potential Induced Degradation (PID) and the impact of shaded areas, which can cause uneven current distribution and higher temperatures. These factors suggest that solar cells, and by extension solar-powered roads, may require ongoing monitoring and maintenance to address issues such as PID and shading effects.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Describe the histopathological picture with figures 1,2 and 3. In the introduction and abstract, Aloe vera intervention changes macrophages, fibroblasts and increases bioactive compounds and their potential for healing functional burns. The conclusion states that it is a potential pharmaceutical product. Please be consistent. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? competing interests were disclosed. Physiology human, exercise, and much research-related use plants as herbal medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. replyRespond to this report Responses (1) 10 Mar 2022 Pane, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Utara, Medan, 20155, really appreciate your willingness to review my manuscript. explain more information to improve understanding in this 10. 6084/m9. figshare. 17194973. v1) We used the ANOVA test because in this study we used more than two groups with parametric data types We have presented and correlated the changes that occur on days 3,14,21 in macrophages and fibroblasts that could be seen in Figures 1 and 2 and had been discussed in the discussion section. Minor: Aloe vera contained 10% of the total weight of the gel (see gel preparation) In journal writing, repetition of words should be avoided, therefore we chose to explain in detail the number and comparison between groups in the results section. While in the discussion section we explained the comparison of our findings with other studies Aloe vera has active ingredients other than acemannan and glucomannan, but based on the literature that we read, it proved that they could play a role in burn repair. We did not state that aloe vera can be used as a pharmaceutical product in the conclusion section (see part conclusion). We only stated that aloe vera could accelerate the healing process as proven by this study. View more View less No competing interests were disclosed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim regarding the historical use of Aloe vera for treating skin ailments. Instead, it focuses on a study concerning the histopathological effects of Aloe vera, its active ingredients, and its role in healing processes, specifically in relation to burns. It discusses scientific methodologies, analysis, and the need for clear presentation in research rather than the historical use of Aloe vera. Therefore, the text is considered irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: 111(35): 12883-12888. (2011) Tunable metallic-like conductivity in microbial nanowire networks. 6(9): 573-579. -BKG, et al. (2011) Evidence for direct electron transfer by a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from a microbial fuel cell. Microbiol 77(21): 7633-7639. (1999) Direct electrode reaction of Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens. J 9(2): 127-131. Lovley DR (2006) Bug juice: harvesting electricity with microorganisms. Microbiol 4(7): 497-508. Rabaey K, Rodríguez (2007) Microbial ecology meets electrochemistry: electricity-driven and driving communities. ISME J 1(1): 9-18. (2015) Characterization of MtoD from Sideroxydans lithotrophicus: a cytochrome c electron shuttle used in lithoautotrophic growth. 6: 332. Borole AP, O’(2008) A microbial fuel cell operating at low pH using the acidophile Acidiphilium cryptum. 30(8): 1367-1372. Gomelsky M, (1996) sphaeroides 2. 4. 1 rho gene: expression and genetic analysis of structure and function. J Bacteriol 178(7): 1946-1954. (2006) Biological fuel cell and an application as a reserve power source. J 160(1): 123-129. (2001) Comamonas denitrificans sp. nov. , an efficient denitrifying bacterium isolated from activated sludge. Microbiol 51(3): 999-1006. (2008) Shewanella secretes flavins that mediate extracellular electron transfer. 105(10): 3968-3973. (2004) Biofuel cells select for microbial consortia that self-mediate electron transfer. Microbiol 70(9): 5373-5382. (2010) A study of electron-shuttle mechanism in Klebsiella pneumoniae based-microbial fuel cells. Bullet 55(1): 99-104. (2010) Gold line array electrodes increase substrate affinity and current density of electricity-producing G. sulfurreducens biofilms. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim because it references a variety of studies discussing microbial fuel cells and their application for energy generation. It highlights advancements in understanding microbial electron transfer mechanisms and the performance of various bacteria in biofuel cells, suggesting ongoing research efforts which align with exploring scalability for commercial use.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: Using this network, PV assembly units will be able to classify various solar cells in the most straightforward manner possible. While this paper presents significant advantages, there are certain limitations to be acknowledged in this study. Firstly, the evaluation of the proposed system was conducted using a specific dataset, which might not fully capture the diversity of real-world scenarios involving various types of solar cells. For instance, solar cells with different busbar configurations or manufacturing variations were not extensively explored. Therefore, the generalizability of the findings to these specific cases may be limited. Secondly, the study relied on EL images obtained from indoor environments and a solar cell production line. While these settings are relevant to the intended application, it is important to recognize that imaging conditions can vary in different scenarios. Factors such as lighting conditions, camera specifications, and imaging setups may differ when examining solar cells in outdoor environments or using different EL detection equipment. Hence, the transferability of the proposed system to these alternative imaging conditions may require further investigation and adaptation. To address these limitations in future research, it is recommended to: Expand the dataset to encompass a broader range of solar cell types, including variations in busbar configurations and manufacturing processes, to improve the representativeness of the evaluation. Incorporate EL images captured in diverse imaging conditions, such as outdoor environments or using different EL detection equipment, to assess the system's performance under various scenarios. Consider conducting comparative studies or benchmarking against existing crack detection methods using multiple datasets to establish the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed system across different settings. Collaborate with industry partners or research institutions to access a wider range of solar cell samples and imaging conditions, ensuring the findings are applicable to real-world scenarios. Conduct sensitivity analyses or perform experiments to evaluate the system's performance under controlled variations in lighting conditions, camera settings, or other imaging parameters to assess its robustness and adaptability. By addressing these limitations, future research can enhance the applicability and reliability of the crack detection system for a broader range of solar cell types and imaging conditions. ConclusionsA novel solar cell crack detection system for application in PV assembly units was developed and presented in this 99. 5% and rejection rate of up to 99. 1% in different cases. Moreover, the system was validated with thermal testing using cases with real ranges, such as shaded areas and micro-cracks, which were predicted with high degrees of accuracy by the system. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing limitations and required further investigations for a solar cell crack detection system. It emphasizes the need for better evaluation methods and the acknowledgment that various external conditions can impact performance, which implies that maintenance considerations may be necessary for solar technologies. Thus, the assertion that solar-powered roads require no maintenance is challenged by highlighting these limitations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats ALL Metrics - to cite this 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 2) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 0. 05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats. burn injury, Aloe vera, macrophages, fibroblasts, epidermal thickness Corresponding Author(s) Pane (yunita@usu. ac. id) author: interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2022 S. This is an open access 10. 12688/f1000research. 79538. 2) First published: 11 Feb 2022, 11:168 ( Latest published: 28 Feb 2023, 11:168 ( from Version 1 In the amendment of the abstract manuscript, we revised the Conclusion by deleting the word "gel" to match the title and purpose of this study. Additional information on the consentration of aloe vera extract (10%) can be seen in the gel preparation section part of the methods. Histopathologic images of macrophages, fibroblasts and epidermal thickness have been presented in the manuscript along with detailed information (see original image in figshare), while the explanation has been explained previously in the Discussion section. In the amendment of the abstract manuscript, we revised the Conclusion by deleting the word "gel" to match the title and purpose of this study. Additional information on the consentration of aloe vera extract (10%) can be seen in the gel preparation section part of the methods. Histopathologic images of macrophages, fibroblasts and epidermal thickness have been presented in the manuscript along with detailed information (see original image in figshare), while the explanation has been explained previously in the Discussion section. See the authors' detailed response to the review by See the authors' detailed response to the review by See the authors' detailed response to the review by  There is a newer version of this 0. 5-1 cm and replaced every day during the study. They were kept in 12 hours of daylight (06:00 A. M. – 06. 00 P. M. ) and 12 hours of dark cycle (06:00 P. M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses a study on the effects of aloe vera extract on post-burn skin repair in rats, suggesting that it could accelerate the healing process of burns. However, it does not provide direct evidence or historical context about the long-term use of aloe vera for skin ailments, thus making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: (2009) Electrochemical evidence of direct electrode reduction by a thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium, Thermincola ferriacetica. Energy & 2(6): 699-705. -OJ, Süel GM (2015) Ion channels enable electrical communication in bacterial communities. Nature 527(7576): 59-63. Mac(2004) Nobel Lecture. Potassium channels and the atomic basis of selective ion conduction. 24(2): 75-100. (2001) A prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel. Science 294(5550): 2372-2375. Naik S, Jujjavarapu SE (2021) Enhanced bioelectricity generation by novel biosurfactant producing bacteria in microbial fuel cells. & Innov 23: 101665. (2021) A Review on biosurfactants: properties, applications and current developments. 330: 124963. (2015) Endogenously enhanced biosurfactant production promotes electricity generation from microbial fuel cells. 197: 416-421. (2012) Anodic biofilm in single-chamber microbial fuel cells cultivated under different temperatures. 37(20): 15792-15800. (2011) Improved performance of air-cathode microbial fuel cell through additional Tween 80. J 196(3): 899-904. (2014) Enhanced bioelectricity generation by improving pyocyanin production and membrane permeability through sophorolipid addition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-inoculated microbial fuel cells. 167: 490-494. (2010) Improved performance of microbial fuel cell through addition of rhamnolipid. 12(12): 1710-1713. (2018) Extracellular electron transfer by the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. Biochem 57(30): 4597-4603. (2019) Identification of Clostridium cochlearium as an electroactive microorganism from the mouse gut microbiome. Bioelectrochem 130: 107334. (2017) Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J 15(1): 1-17. (2018) The electrifying energy of gut microbes. Nature 562(7725): 43-44. (2020) Characterization of Bacteria. ACS omega 5(45): 29439-29446. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing various studies and advancements in microbial fuel cells, including efforts to enhance bioelectricity generation and improve performance through novel methods. For example, it mentions enhanced bioelectricity generation by biosurfactant-producing bacteria, which suggests ongoing research into methods that could allow for larger-scale implementation of microbial fuel cells in commercial applications.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Solar-powered roads require no maintenance over their lifetime. [SEP] Text: The results indicate that the proposed system is a valuable tool for evaluating the condition of photovoltaic cells and can lead to improved efficiency. Moreover, the study uncovered a superior performance of the proposed CNN model in comparison with previous studies in the detection of cracks, micro-cracks, PIDs, and shaded areas on solar cells. This research is important to the PV industry and PV solar cell crack detection automation for several reasons: Accurate crack detection: The proposed DSMP-CNN system can accurately detect cracks, microcracks, PIDs, and shaded areas in photovoltaic cells, which can lead to improved efficiency and reliability of the cells. High accuracy: The system was tested on various solar cells and achieved a high degree of accuracy, with an acceptance rate of up to 99. 5% and rejection rate of up to 99. 1% in different cases. Improved efficiency: By automating the crack detection process, the proposed system can reduce manual inspection time and errors, leading to improved efficiency in the PV industry. Real-time detection: The system can quickly examine the EL image of the solar cell and predict its acceptance or rejection status in real-time, which can save time and resources for PV companies. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the need for regular condition evaluations of photovoltaic cells, including crack detection and improved efficiency measures. It emphasizes the importance of detecting issues such as cracks and micro-cracks, indicating that maintenance is necessary to ensure the performance and reliability of solar cells, thus contradicting the assertion that solar-powered roads require no maintenance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments. [SEP] Text: – 06. 00 A. M. ) and fed with standard feed (CP 551 from PT Charoen Pokphand-Indonesia) and water was given ad libitum. They were kept in cages that were maintained at room temperature and humidity at normal ranges. Allocation and treatment groupsAll animals were randomly divided into three big groups by simple random sampling. (standard) consisted of normal rats, group II (negative control) was inflicted with a burn wound and treated with gel base, and group III (treatment group) was inflicted with a burn wound and treated with Aloe vera gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6 per group) according to the time when the lesions were evaluated. They were treated twice a day according to the groups. The sample size was calculated according to Federer’s formula: (Federer, 1963)t−1n−1≥ 15t = the number of groupsn = the number of samplesn = 2. 875 ≈ 3 rat/groupConsidering the NC3Rs principal in experimental animal, statistical analysis necessity, and the possibility of drop out, the number of rats per group were determined to be six. All 54 rats were given a number (1–54) using a marker pen, then randomized by putting the numbers in an envelope and dividing them into 9 groups, according to the numbers taken from the envelope (Russell and Burch, 1992). Wound inflictionTo ensure that the rats remain in a comfortable condition, they were given anesthesia before performing the burn. The animals have anesthetized with Ketamine/Xylazine 0. 2 mL by intraperitoneal injection (in accordance with the provisions of Research). The hair at the dorsal region was shaved and cleansed with alcohol swab. Second-degree burn wound was inflicted using iron plate measuring 2×2 cm2 which was warmed in boiling water for 5 minutes and placed for 30 seconds on the shaved area (Kristyaningsih, 2016). Aloe vera extractAbout 2000 g of Aloe vera leaves were collected. The bottom part and the serrated edges of Aloe vera leaves were cut and peeled to obtain the inner clear gel. About 1000 g of inner gel was weighed and washed thoroughly and cut it into small pieces. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it focuses on a study involving the treatment of burn wounds in rats with Aloe vera gel, without mentioning the historical use of Aloe vera for skin ailments. It does not provide context or evidence regarding the centuries-old usage of Aloe vera for such purposes.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Researchers are exploring how to scale microbial fuel cells for broader commercial use. [SEP] Text: (2011) Microbial fuel cell of Enterobacter cloacae: Effect of anodic pH microenvironment on current, power density, internal resistance and electrochemical losses. 36(17): 11093-11101. (2021) by in Cell. : Sci 765(1): 012115. (2018) Challenges in the application of microbial fuel cells to wastewater treatment and energy production: a mini review. Environ 639: 910-920. (2020) Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring wastewater quality: A critical review. Environ 712: 135612. Eroğlu İ, Tabanoğlu A, Gündüz U, Eroğlu E, Yücel M (2008) Hydrogen production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU 001 in a flat plate solar bioreactor. 33(2): 531-541. (2013) Neural network processing of microbial fuel cell signals for the identification of chemicals present in water. J 120: 84-92. (2021) Progress in microbial fuel cell technology for wastewater treatment and energy harvesting. Chemosphere 281: 130828. (2017) Fabrication of bacterial cellulose/polyaniline/single-walled carbon nanotubes membrane for potential application as biosensor. 163: 62-69. Kalathil S, (2016) Nanotechnology to rescue bacterial bidirectional extracellular electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. RSC Adv 6(36): 30582-30597. Kitafa BA, Al-saned AJO (2021) A Review on Cells. J 39(1A): 1-8. (2018) Microbial fuel cell is emerging as a versatile technology: a review on its possible applications, challenges and strategies to improve the performances. 42(2): 369-394. (2012) Filamentous bacteria transport electrons over centimeter distances. Nature 491(7423): 218-221. (2017) Chitin degradation and electricity generation by Aeromonas hydrophila in microbial fuel cells. Chemosphere 168: 293-299. (2016) Microbial fuel cells: a source of bioenergy. J Technol 8(3): 247-255. é M, Balaguer MD, et al. (2011) Microbial fuel cell application in landfill leachate treatment. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides several references to advancements in microbial fuel cell technology and its applications, such as 'Progress in microbial fuel cell technology for wastewater treatment and energy harvesting,' which suggests ongoing research efforts. Additionally, mentions of challenges and strategies in improving microbial fuel cells signal that researchers are actively investigating ways to enhance this technology for wider commercial use.