Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 5Simulated motion of bacteria in an obstacle channel:Heat maps of the time-averaged density of bacteria from simulations of 2000 bacteria for 30 min with a magnetic field B = 50 µT, pointing from left to right). . The blue map represents bacteria that did not arrive at the right end of the simulation box during the simulated time the red heat map represents those that did. The interplay between magnetic field and the channel’s geometry creates natural paths through the channel. These paths can include or end in traps, formed by overlapping obstacles (examples are indicated by the green boxes). Figure 6a shows corresponding trajectories (again plotted as heat maps) for different strengths of the magnetic field. Increasing the magnetic field strength has two opposing effects: On the one hand, bacteria are on average more aligned with the direction of the magnetic field and the observed paths through the channel become more focused as their persistence length increases with increasing field. As a consequence, the bacteria are expected to cross the channel faster. For very weak fields, the bacteria explore the channel in an effectively diffusive manner; for the case of 50 µT, we observed one dominant path through most of the channel. On the other hand, bacteria become more susceptible to trapping with increasing field. For a field of 500 µT, no simulated bacterium crossed the channel within the simulation time and the path that was dominant at 50 µT now ends in a trap, from which the bacteria can no longer escape at 500 µT. This negative effect of the magnetic field arises because escape from traps requires that the bacteria transiently orient against the field. These effects thus have opposing influences on the throughput of the channel and provide an explanation for our observation that intermediate field strengths generate the highest throughput. To quantify these observations, we determined the cumulative arrival of bacteria in the exit area, ϕtot, which is plotted in Figure 6b as a function of time. This quantity also exhibits the non-monotonic behavior as a function of the magnetic field. We then performed extensive numerical simulations for a wide range of field strengths and for 10 different channels with different obstacle arrangements. We quantified the time of the first arrival (indicated by circles in Figure 6b) and the overall fraction of bacteria that arrived until the end of the simulation time ϕtot (crosses in Figure 6b) as functions of the field strength (Figure 6 c). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses simulated motion of bacteria in a magnetic field, without any mention of sea turtles or their navigation. It focuses on the interactions between bacteria and magnetic fields rather than any specific animal behavior or navigation mechanisms.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: At the level of independent clock genes, we found that the circadian rhythms of cryptochrome genes (Cry1 and/or Cry2), which are the primary repressors of the molecular clock and also involved in maintaining genome integrity of cells,44,45 were significantly disrupted under simulated shift conditions in both tissues. However, in the case of short-term rotating shift specifically affecting the liver, the rhythmicity of these genes remained intact. These findings are consistent with existing literature in humans, which has associated disrupted rhythms of Cry1 and Cry2 with circadian dysregulation of DNA repair and increased DNA damage following exposure to simulated night shift conditions. 46 Additionally, we observed consistent dysregulation of the circadian transcription factor Arntl, which is involved in protecting skin cells and regulating UVB associated DNA repair response and melanin pigmentation. 23,47,48 This dysregulation occurred following exposure to all different types of simulated shift-work light conditions utilized in this study. Our study has few limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. First, the use of a mouse model may limit the generalizability of the results to humans. Second, the simulation of shift-work light conditions may not fully capture the complexity of real-world shift schedules. Third, the sample size was relatively small, potentially affecting the statistical power. Fourth, the duration of exposure in our study may not fully reflect the long-term consequences of shift-work in humans. Despite these limitations, our study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the varying impacts of different shift conditions on the circadian system. We highlight the heightened susceptibility of the skin to circadian misalignment under shift-work light conditions, in comparison to the liver. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of tissue-specific responses and the role of light regulating circadian rhythms, specifically focusing on canonical clock genes during shift-work. These findings offer valuable insights that can guide future research, potentially leading to the discovery of novel mechanisms and more effective treatment strategies for shift-work associated diseases. Author contributionsBala S. C. Koritala: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Panshak P. Dakup: – original draft preparation, Writing – review & editing. Kenneth I. Porter: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how the circadian rhythms of clock genes like Cry1 and Cry2 are disrupted under simulated shift conditions, which can lead to health issues such as DNA damage. It supports the notion that shift work interferes with circadian rhythms, particularly highlighting the impact on the skin's circadian system and emphasizing the health consequences associated with circadian misalignment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 25 Different plants of genus Justicia are utilized for their effects on the central nervous system as hallucinogens, sedatives, somniferous agents, depressors, and treatments of epileptic seizures and other mental disorders. 18 Plants belonging to this genus have been used as antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-jaundice, fever reducer, anti-bleeding, disinfectant and bronchodilator. 26 The leaves, flowers and roots of Justicia adhatoda are used in herbal drugs against tubercular activities, cancer and possessed anti-helmintic properties. The leaf infusion is stated to cure glandular tumor, dysentery and diarrhea. 27 Justicia adhatoda L:Justicia adhatoda is a perennial and evergreen shrub with unpleasant smell and bitter taste. Plants of this genus are widespread throughout the tropical regions of and growing throughout Pakistan especially in the lower Himalaya. It is commonly known as Malabar nut. 28 This genus has potent anti-periodic, astringent, diuretic and purgative action. It is a highly valued medicinal plant which is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma, cough, bronchitis and tuberculosis. 29 Leaves of this plant has been used as main source of drug, used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and disorders, particularly for the respiratory tract ailments like chronic bronchitis, fever, swellings, asthma, pneumonia, malaria, tuberculosis, cold and cough. 30 L:During the course of research, Barleria genus was investigated to be the third largest pantropical genus of Acanthaceae with more than 300 species worldwide. Plants of this genus are distributed mainly in the subtropical and tropical parts of the world. genus has been classified into two subgenera (Barleria and Prionitis) and seven sections (and Prionitis). 31 A large number of essential active ingredients and compounds are extracted from Barlerias pecies like terpens, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, lignins etc. These compounds have shown effective therapeutic activities against several diseases. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various historical uses of the Justicia plant genus in traditional medicine for treating numerous ailments, such as tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, indicating that ethnobotanical practices include historical applications and not just modern uses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: The first arrival time decreases with increasing field strength, however, the poor throughput for weak fields is mostly due to the slow arrival of the bulk of the bacteria, while some bacteria still cross the channel on an almost direct path. The fraction of arrivals, by contrast, shows the non-monotonic behavior indicated by our experimental results. Results for different channels (grey lines in Figure 6 c) are qualitatively similar. Quantitatively, the arrival fraction ϕtot shows considerable dependence on the channel geometry, with maximal arrival fractions between 50 and 100 % and maximal throughput in the range between a few and a few tens of µT. By contrast, the first-arrival time t f seems not to be affected by channel geometry (Figure 6 c). Fig. 6. Effect of magnetic field strength on simulated swimming through obstacle channels:(a) Motion of bacteria in a channel for different values of the field strength B (heat maps of the densities of arriving and non-arriving bacteria, blue and red, respectively, as in Figure 5) (b) Fraction ϕ of simulated bacteria that have arrived up to time t for different B. Circles mark the first-arrival times tf; crosses with thin lines mark total arrival fractions ϕtot. The curve for B = 500 µT remains at 0. (c) First-arrival times tf (top) and total arrival fraction ϕtot (bottom) as a function of the field strength B. With stronger fields, tf converges to the first-arrival time of a persistent swimmer in an empty channel (dashed grey line). ϕtot shows a peak at an intermediate (optimal) field strength, which can be explained by the interplay of two opposing effects that arise with stronger fields: effectively faster motion in the direction of the field and higher susceptibility to trapping. Blue data points show the results for the channel shown in a), gray lines show results in other channels. 2. 4 Escape from trapsOur simulations indicate that trapping of bacteria in the corners between overlapping obstacle pillars plays a crucial role for the non-monotonic dependence of the bacterial throughput on the magnetic field. We therefore investigated the escape from traps in more detail by simulating a large number of trap configurations with different geometric features. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it discusses the effects of magnetic field strength on bacteria swimming through obstacle channels, which does not pertain to the navigation abilities of sea turtles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2016 Dec 12; 30(6): 909–924. Pub| Text | Text 18. : Circadian disruption promotes tumor-immune microenvironment remodeling favoring tumor cell proliferation. Sci. Adv. 2020 Oct; 6(42). Epub 2020/10/16. Pub| Text | Text 19. : Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014 Oct 23; 159(3): 514–529. Pub| Text 20. : Glucose tolerance in mice exposed to light-dark stimulus patterns mirroring dayshift and rotating shift schedules. Sci. Rep. 2017 Jan 12; 7: 40661. Epub 2017/01/13. Pub| Text | Text 21. : A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2018 Dec 1; 315(6): G932–G942. Pub| Text 22. : The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. . 2020 Feb; 34(2): 3347–3358. Pub| Text | Text 23. : The circadian clock protects against acute radiation-induced dermatitis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 15; 399: 115040. Epub 20200515. Pub| Text 24. : Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron. 2001 May; 30(2): 525–536. Pub| Text 25. : in the Eyes of a Chronobiologist. J. Biol. Rhythm. 2016 Apr; 31(2): 115–124. Pub| Text 26. : Transcriptional architecture and chromatin landscape of the core circadian clock in mammals. Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105): 349–354. Pub| Text | Text 27. : Genome-wide and phase-specific DNA-binding rhythms of BMAL1 control circadian output functions in mouse liver. PLoS Biol. 2011 Feb; 9(2): e1000595. Epub 2011/03/03. Pub| Text | Text 28. Reinke H, Asher G: Crosstalk between metabolism and circadian clocks. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2019 Apr; 20(4): 227–241. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various studies related to circadian rhythms and health implications, particularly how circadian disruption can influence metabolic processes and promote negative health outcomes, which corroborates the claim about shift work adversely affecting health through misalignment of circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: 30 Nees: is a morphologically diverse genus of about 350 species distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, Malaysia, and Northern Australia. 38 Most of the plants of this genus have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer and wound healing properties. Extracts of this genus are used in spider poisoning, influenza epidemic, cerebrospinal meningitis, viral pneumonia mumps and acute respiratory Syndrome. 39 Strobilanthes urticifolia Wall: Herbaceous perennial plants also known as Strobilanthe swallichii and Strobilanthes atropurpureus are found in forest from 2000-3500m in Asian countries. Strobilanthes urticifolia is used in stomach ailments, antiulcer, rheumatism, laxative and diuretic agent. But still there is a need to reveal phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of more number of plants in this plant. 7 plants belonging to family Acanthaceae has a great potential to explore for further studies. Several important plants belong to this family have significant value to control and treat many pathogenic, metabolic, genetic and other lethal diseases. These botanicals possessing medicinal properties might provide a basic raw material for making huge medicinal preparations. Because of its extensive uses all over the world may get extinct. It’s therefore necessary of further DNA barcode study to identify new novel species and proper conservational strategies should be initiated regarding this important plant family. Acknowledgements None. Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. 74. Ethnobotany and research trends in Trachyspermum ammi L. (Ajowan) a popular folklore remedy. Amer-Sci. 2015;15(1):68–73. Phytochemical potentials and medicinal uses of twenty-four selected medicinal plants from Swabi, Pakistan. J Agri. 2016;1(1):49–58. . Acanthaceae of bolivia. Contributions from the National Herbarium. 2004;49:1–152. . Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae sl (Lamiales). Bot. 2008;95(9):1136–1152. Abdel- Phenetic analysis of morphological and molecular traits in Acanthaceae Juss. J Biosci Med. 2015;3(3):18–34. Anderson EF. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts with the claim by discussing various traditional medicinal uses of plants, such as Strobilanthes urticifolia, which is referred to as a popular folklore remedy and is utilized for treatments like stomach ailments and rheumatism. This indicates that ethnobotany indeed examines historical practices and traditional uses, which counters the assertion that it focuses solely on modern uses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: We first considered symmetric traps as shown in Figure 7a and varied the strengths of the magnetic field and the trap depth d (by varying the overlap between two circular pillars with fixed radius r). In this case, p7. Escape from traps: Simulation(a) Trajectories of 100 bacteria escaping from the apex of a symmetric trap (B = 50 µT). The trap consists of two obstacles of radius 50 µm, in a distance of Δy = 100 µm. This results in a trap depth d = 50 µm. (b) Distribution of escape times of bacteria from the trap in (a). An exponential curve exp(−t/τ) (dashed line) is fitted to the data, with mean escape time τ = 22 s. (c) Dependence of the mean escape time τ on the field strength B for the trap in (a). An exponential curve is fitted to the data (dashed line). (d) Trajectories of 100 bacteria escaping from the apex of a generic trap (B = 50 µT). (e) Dependence of τ on d for B = 50 µT. Blue points show symmetric traps with both obstacles of radius 50 µm, similar to the trap in (a), gray points show a representative sample of all possible traps. An exponential curve is fitted to the blue data points (dashed line). Finally, we asked whether trapping of bacteria in corners is directly visible in our experiments. For that, we focused on one trap, indicated by the triangular area in Figure 8 (inset) and tracked the bacterial density in that area over time. Indeed, we could see bacteria trapped in this corner as indicated by a constant bacterial density in the trap. We then reduced the field strength in two steps, first from 500 µT to 50 µT and then to 0 µT. After both steps, we could observe a reduction of the bacterial density (Figure 8), indicating the expected release of bacteria from the trap upon reduction of the field and providing direct evidence for trapping in our experiments. Fig. 8. Escape from trap: ExperimentThe bacterial density in a trap (indicated by the yellow triangular area in the inset) is monitored over time. At the time points indicated by the arrows, the field strength is reduced (from 500 µT to 50 µT and from 50 µT to 0 µT, respectively), allowing the escape of trapped bacteria. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses bacterial trapping and escape experiments in relation to magnetic fields but does not mention sea turtles or their navigation. Therefore, it does not provide any relevant information regarding the claim that sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field, making it irrelevant.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: : Neuropsin (OPN5) Light-of Genes and in Skin. Curr. Biol. 2019 Oct 21; 29(20): 3478–3487. e4. Pub| Text | Text 40. : Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 2000 Dec 1; 14(23): 2950–2961. Pub| Text | Text 41. : Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science. 2001 Jan 19; 291(5503): 490–493. Pub| Text 42. : Defining the Independence of the Clock. Cell. 2019 May 30; 177(6): 1448–1462. e14. Pub| Text | Text 43. : The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2020 Sep; 36(5): 329–338. Pub| Text | Text 44. : DNA damage shifts circadian clock time via Hausp-dependent Cry1 stabilization. elife. 2015 Mar 10; 4. Epub 20150310. Pub| Text | Text 45. : Dual modes of CLOCK:BMAL1 inhibition mediated by Cryptochrome and Period proteins in the mammalian circadian clock. Genes Dev. 2014 Sep 15; 28(18): 1989–1998. Pub| Text | Text 46. : Night shift schedule causes circadian dysregulation of DNA repair genes and elevated DNA damage in humans. J. Pineal Res. 2021 Apr; 70(3): e12726. Epub 20210314. Pub| Text | Text 47. : Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) controls circadian cell proliferation and susceptibility to UVB-induced DNA damage in the epidermis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012 Jul 17; 109(29): 11758–11763. Pub| Text | Text 48. : Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates melanogenesis through MITF in melanoma cells. Melanoma Res. 2021 Sep; 34(5): 955–965. Pub| Text | Text 49. : Determination of reference genes for circadian studies in different tissues and mouse strains. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim, particularly in referencing the study 'Night shift schedule causes circadian dysregulation of DNA repair genes and elevated DNA damage in humans.' This demonstrates that shift work leads to disruptions in circadian rhythms, which can have adverse effects on health, aligning with the claim about the health impacts of misaligned circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Ethnobotany focuses only on modern uses of plants and does not examine historical practices. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany of hill tribes of northern Thailand. I. Medicinal plants of Akha. Econ Bot. 1986;40(1):38–53 Durkee L. Flora Costaricensis: family. Acanthaceae. Field Bot. 1996;l(18):1–87. . Ethnobotany of acanthaceae in the mount cameroon region. J Res. 2013;7(38):2859–2866. . Scientia research library ISSN 2348-0416. J Res. 2014;2(2):36–42. Mabberley D. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants second edition; 1997. Mabberley DJ. Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classifications and uses (No. Ed 3) Press; 2008. Prasad MP. Studies on phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Acanthaceae species. Curr Res. 2014;6(9):8630–8637. . Identification and properties of Asteracantha longifolia (L. ) Nees byGC-MS analysis. J Life Sci. 2017;5(1):1–6 Clinacanthus nutans: a review of the medicinal uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry. J Trop Med. 2016;9(4):402–409. Kavitha K, Sujatha, Manoharan S. Antidiabetic potential of acanthaceae family. . 2016;6(1):30–37. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(2):370–376. Hussain M, Ghani A. Herbal remidies used for gastrointestinal disorders in Kaghan valley, NWFP, Pakistan. Res. 2008;14(3-4):169–200. Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Eng. 2005;3(2):125–134 Genus ruellia: pharmacological and phytochemical importance in ethnopharmacology. Acta pol pharm. 2015;72(5):821–827. Bishay D, Abdel-Baky A, El-Moghazy S, et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing a variety of ethnobotanical studies that include references to medicinal plants used by different cultures, such as the Nandi people in Kenya and the Akha tribe in northern Thailand. These references indicate that ethnobotany encompasses historical uses of plants as much as modern applications.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 3 Concluding remarksIn this study, we have used experiments in microfluidic channels and p4. 1 Characterization of sediment4. 1. 1 Sample harvesting and preparationThe sediment sample was collected in the Großer Zernsee lake (Potsdam, Germany), from the first layer of sediment (5 cm) in the shallow water nearby the shore. Macroscopic organic matter was manually removed. The sand was stored in lake water, and shaken before sample preparation to avoid strong sedimentation effects. The sample of sand in water was placed in a plastic cuvette of 4 mm in diameter, with a layer of water covering the top of the sand. 4. 1. 2 Micro-computer tomographyThe micro-computer tomography scan was performed with the SkyScan 1172 scanner. For the scans, the following setting were used: X-ray source 89 kV, 112 µA, Size (µm)=1. 56, Exposure (ms)=1400, (°)=0. 150, with frame averaging. Raw data were reconstructed using NRcon software (Version 1. 6. 10. 4). For the reconstruction: (µm)=1. 56202, Range (deg)=360. 00, (deg)=0. 1500, Correction=10, Smoothing=0, Filter cutoff relative to Nyquist frequency=100, Filter type description=Hamming (Alpha=0. 54), Correction (%)=70. 4. 1. 3 3D statistical analysis with CTAnFor the statistics, the first 1316 bottom slices were used (2 mm of sample), to avoid slices not completely filled by sand and distortion effects that were seen in the top slices. The microCT images were processed by thresholding with Otsu method, despeckled (for white and black speckles, to reduce the noise) and a Median filter was applied with the the CTAn software (Version 1. 16, Brucker). The 3D statistics regarding the grain-size distribution (trabecular thickness) and the water-gap distribution (trabecular separation) was obtained by the CTAn software (Version 1. 16, Brucker). In this process, the grain sizes are quantified by the smallest dimension of the sediment grains. The distributions were fitted with a fitting tool, using a Gaussian fitting model a exp(−(x − µ)2/c2). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim, as it discusses sediment sampling and analysis using micro-computer tomography without mentioning sea turtles or their navigation methods. There is no context or information related to how sea turtles might use the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: BMC Mol. Biol. 2010 Aug 16; 11: 60. Pub| Text | Text 50. : Cycle threshold values of qPCR data for genes in the liver and skin of animals that were exposed to both control and simulated shift conditions. [Dataset]. figshare. 2023. Text 51. : CircaCompare analysis of canonical clock genes in the mouse liver and skin following exposure to simulated shift-work light conditions. [Dataset]. figshare. 2023. Text 52. : - F1000 Research. pdf. figshare. 2023. on this 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 3 version 2 Revised Published: 02 Aug 2023, 12:762 version 1 Published: 28 Jun 2023, 12:762 Copyright © 2023 Koritala BSC et al. This is an open access 10. 12688/f1000research. 136998. 1) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all 10. 5256/f1000research. 150145. r184831) The direct URL for this report is: In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal. . . Continue reading “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a study that investigates the effects of rotating shift work on circadian rhythms in mice. It mentions that longer-term shift work and jet lag dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, particularly noting that the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption. This indicates a clear connection between shift work and adverse effects on circadian rhythms, which could have implications for health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants used by Maale and Ari ethnic groups in southern &RCoutput: Thesis › internal (1) and semi-wild plant resources that have food and medicinal importance are distributed at different habitats in Ethiopia and play an important role in the livelihood of different communities. This study discussed ethnobotany of these resources with special emphasis on the use, management and conservation of wild and semi-wild edible and medicinal plants by the two ethnic groups in southern Ethiopia. and Ari ethnic groups consumed in total 30 leafy vegetable species, which were crucial ingredients in the preparation of traditional dishes, more frequently during periods of food shortage. The study revealed that the transfer of local knowledge within the community on wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables is not differentiated by gender or age and thus enables knowledge continuity. However, harvesting and cooking activities are considered as women’s tasks by the communities. The study also found out that taste, marketability and above ground edible biomass as the main farmers’ criteria for selection leafy vegetables for cultivation. Major threats to wild and semi-wild leafy vegetables are identified and recommended that these factors has to be minimized and supported by complementary in-situ and ex situ conservation strategies. The two ethnic groups use 52 species of wild and semi-wild fruits which were especially important for their diet in times of food shortage. The study revealed species such as Balanites rotundifolia and Dobera glabra in Maale and Carissa spinarum and Vitex doniana in Ari as the most important fruit bearing species. No significant variations in ethnobotanical knowledge regarding fruits were found among gender and age groups. The study revealed that low prices, poor market and outlet opportunities hamper wild and semi-wild fruits trade. Thus, creating demand and facilitating better market outlets will encourage communities to cultivate wild and semi-wild fruits in the future. The major threat to the availability of wild and semi-wild fruits in the study area were tree felling and conversion of forest to agricultural land. The study recommended maintenance and enrichment planting of the most important species as plausible management interventions in addition to preserving the local knowledge and implementing conservation strategies. In total 128 plant species were found and also 89 % of the study participants reflected traditional medicine as the first line of treatment. The dominant ways of medicinal plant knowledge acquisition and transfer is vertical. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the significance of various plant species to the livelihood and dietary practices of the Maale and Ari ethnic groups, suggesting that ethnobotany encompasses not only edible and medicinal uses but also cultural and potentially ceremonial implications. Specifically, the mention of traditional medicine and the importance of local knowledge indicates that these plants may be used for various purposes, which could include ceremonial or spiritual uses, thus directly refuting the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: For the grain-size, the fitting was performed on the distribution of the logarithm of the size, while for the water-gaps the fitting was performed on the gap size. The 3D visualization was done with the Amira software. 4. 1. 4 2D statistical analysis2D image preparationThe 2D slices obtained from the microCT reconstruction at different regular depths (0, 624, 1248 and 1872 µm) from the bottom of the cuvette, Fig. 1a) were first processed with ImageJ: the images were cropped in the center to avoid the border effects, they were binarized to get black and white masks and a Median filtering was applied for smoothing Fig. 1b. Circle fittingSubsequently, the images were analyzed by a custom-made program (Fig. 1c): erosion was applied to separate the grains from each other (settings: diamond shape and radius 9 pixels). Subsequently, the centroid function provided the center of each grain and the radius of a circle with equivalent area. Grain size statisticsThe radii of the circular fit were used for calculating the statistics of the slice (Fig. 1d). The percentage of sand was calculated as black pixels number over total number of pixel times 100. While the 3D analysis method estimates the smallest dimension of the grain and thus underestimated grain size, the 2D method slightly overestimates the biggest dimension of the grain (see Fig. 2g). 4. 2 Microfluidic channel4. 2. 1 Mask template preparationThe 2D microCT binarized and processed images (see section 4. 1. 4, Fig. 1b), and the binarized images (Fig. 1e) obtained from the circle fitting (see section 4. 1. 4, Fig. 1c) were adapted to avoid air bubble formation and to improve water perfusion, with water-gaps manually increased in critical points. These binary figures were used as a template to design the photomask in AutoCAD 2015 obtaining 1330 µm-wide microchannels Fig. 1f. 4. 2. 2 Master mould productionA high resolution chrome photomask was obtained from GmbH and was used to produce a master mould with 10 µm deep features. The master mould was fabricated by baking a silicon wafer at 200 °C for 20 min and allowing it to cool down to room temperature. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding sea turtles navigating using the Earth's magnetic field. It focuses on technical aspects of image processing and statistical analysis related to grain size and microfluidic channel preparation, without any mention of sea turtles or navigation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Molecular cancer biology, lung biology, immunology, circadian rhythms, metabolism I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. . For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how rotating work and sleep schedules can significantly impact molecular clock oscillation, which is related to circadian rhythms. The mention of the study demonstrating differences in outcomes between short-term and long-term rotating shift work supports the idea that shift work can have adverse health effects due to this misalignment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Ethnobotany study on wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, southwest eeOpen access Published: 07 October 2024 Ethnobotany study on wild edible plants used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, southwest Hubei, Hou1, Peiqing Huang1 & Zhen Yao1 Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2024. A total of 252 informants were interviewed, from whom information about wild edible plants, including edible parts, food categories, consumption modes, and multiple uses was collected. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) and the cultural food significance index (CFSI) were calculated to identify the cultural importance of wild edible plants. ResultsA total of 163 species of wild edible plants consumed by the Tujia people in Laifeng, belonging to 64 families and 118 genera and related traditional knowledge were collected, including vegetables (78), fruits (52), wine-soaking plants (12), spices (11), food substitutes (9), tea substitutes (6), nuts (5), coagulants (2), and oil (1). The most frequently used families were Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae, with 23, 10, and 10 species, respectively. The most commonly utilized plant parts were fruits, leaves, and stems. RFC and CFSI analyses identified 14 species of wild edible plants with high cultural importance in the local diet, such as Allium macrostemon, Houttuynia cordata, and Hovenia acerba. Conclusionsethnic group in Laifeng demonstrates extensive knowledge in their traditional usage of wild edible plants, offering unique and robust insights into the harvesting, processing, and consumption of these resources. Over time, this practice has become an integral part of the local food culture. These findings contribute to the preservation of the Tujia culture of wild edible plants in Laifeng and the conservation and development of wild edible plant resources. IntroductionWild edible plants (WEPs), which are non-artificially cultivated and domesticated, and can be harvested from their indigenous habitats, serve as food sources [1, 2]. WEPs can serve as either the primary food source or a dietary supplement for local residents, thereby ensuring their sustenance security and balanced diet, as well as functioning as a primary economic resource or supplement through their processing and commercialization [3,4,5]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing evidence of the extensive traditional usage of wild edible plants by the Tujia ethnic group, implicating that these plants have cultural significance, which could include ceremonial or spiritual purposes. It discusses the cultural food significance index (CFSI) and how the study identified the cultural importance of certain plant species, indicating that ethnobotanical studies often encompass uses beyond just food, likely including spiritual or ceremonial applications.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: An SU-8 3010 (MicroChem Inc. ) thin film was then spin-coated onto the wafer to a height of 10 µm (spincoating parameters: 15 s at 500 rpm, followed by 30 s at 3,000 rpm), followed by a soft-bake (1 min at 65 °C, followed by 3 min at 95 °C, and 1 min at 65 °C), exposed for 5 s to UV light through the chrome mask with a mask aligner (Kloé UV-KUB 3) according to the manufacturer recommendations, and post-exposure bake (1 min at 65 °C, followed by 3 min at 95 °C, and 1 min at 65 °C). The wafers were then developed with mr-Dev 600 (microresist technologies). Prior to their use, the master molds were treated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane 97% (abcr) to reduce PDMS adhesion upon usage. 4. 2. 3 Microsystem fabricationThe microfluidic device was produced with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via soft lithography. Briefly, PDMS elastomer monomer and curing agent (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning) were mixed in a ratio 10:1 and then degassed. The PDMS was casted onto the master mold to a height of 5 mm and was cured at 80 °C for 2 h. The inlets for the fluidic channel were then punched with a 1. 5 mm diameter biopsy punch (pmfmedical). The PDMS was bonded to a clean glass slide by plasma activation to finish the microfluidic system. 4. 3 Swimming in sediment-like obstacle channels4. 3. 1 Bacterial cultureMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 was cultured in MSR-1 growth medium with the composition indicated by Heyen and Schüler [42], with the addition of pyruvate (27 mM) as carbon source instead of lactate. For the creation of an aerotactic band and the subsequent selection of swimming bacteria, the growth medium was supplemented with 0. 1% agar. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding sea turtles navigating using the Earth's magnetic field. It discusses the fabrication of a microfluidic device and bacterial culture methods, which do not pertain to navigation by sea turtles or any related concepts.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms, highlighting findings on the differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, and noting the impact of these work conditions on molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. This directly supports the idea that shift work adversely affects health due to disruptions in circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Furthermore, WEPs could provide invaluable genetic reservoirs for the cultivation of novel crops and the identification of new germplasms [6, 7]. The practice of harvesting and consuming WEPs not only meets local dietary demands as a crucial element of a global sustenance strategy, but also aids in the preservation of local cultural traditions [8, 9]. In regard to WEPs, international research primarily focuses on countries and regions in Asia, Africa, and Europe [10,11,12]. Ethnobotanical surveys of WEPs in China have been undertaken among the Han [13], Tibetan [14, 15], Dulong [16], Yi [17], Naxi [18], Mongolian [19], and Gelao [20] ethnic groups. These studies both document the traditional knowledge of local consumption of wild plants and evaluate the importance and value of these WEPs in local culture using quantitative methods. Moreover, advanced modern food science and technology have been utilized in studying the nutritional composition of WEPs, establishing a new research direction in the ethnobotany of WEPs [21, 22]. ethnic group, descendants of the ancient Ba people, boasts a rich history and profound cultural heritage, primarily distributed in the border areas of central southern and southwestern China [23, 24]. Through enduring production, lifestyle, and social practices, the Tujia people have accumulated extensive traditional knowledge and experience in consuming WEPs. At present, research on the Tujia ethnic group mainly focuses on anthropology, sociology, language, art, architecture, and other aspects, and has conducted detailed studies on the Tujia ethnic group from various perspectives [25]. However, scant research has been conducted that integrates the relationship between Tujia culture and local environment and plant resources. people, having resided in the for generations, have long adapted to the mountainous environment, thereby forming a comprehensive set of traditional knowledge and agricultural practices associated with the utilization of wild edible plant resources. Therefore, it is necessary to study the Tujia ethnic group from the perspective of the mutual relationship between humans and plants [26]. Since its inception, ethnobotany has concentrated on the traditional knowledge and culture aspects of human botany, including their applications, to investigate the interrelationships between humans and plants [5, 27]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the importance of wild edible plants (WEPs) in local cultural traditions, implying that these plants play a crucial role not only in dietary demands but also in the preservation of local culture. It mentions traditional knowledge among ethnic groups in China, indicating that ethnobotany involves understanding the various applications of plants, which may include ceremonial or spiritual uses.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Briefly, 1 mL of bacteria was inoculated into the bottom of a 15 mL Hungate tube filled with 10 mL of MSR-1 growth medium with 0. 1% agar. The tube was sealed with a rubber cap pierced with a needle capped with a 0. 2 µm filter (Whatman) to allow the formation of an oxygen gradient. To select the North-seeking bacteria (i. e. swimming with the North of their magnet at their front in oxic conditions) in the formed band, the tube was put inside a pair of coils to apply a magnetic field parallel to the oxygen gradient, but pointing downwards to the anoxic region (equivalent to the situation that the bacteria experience in their natural habitat in the Northern Hemisphere). The bacteria were grown at 28 °C and allowed to form an aerotactic band. Once the band had formed, the motile bacteria were selected by aspirating the band with a needle and culturing them for two passes in standard MSR-1 growth medium and microaerobic conditions. Subsequently, the magnetic bacteria were collected with a needle by placing a magnet next to the tube to attract them. The final population of North-seeking bacteria was estimated to be about 80% of the population. In oxic conditions as the ones in our experiment (where oxygen can freely diffuse through the PDMS into the microchannel), these bacteria swim with the North of their magnet at their front. The optical density was measured at 565 nm (OD565) and was adjusted as needed with fresh growth medium for subsequent measurements. 4. 3. 2 Operation of the chipThe microfluidic system was filled with a syringe pump with MSR-1 standard growth medium at a flow rate of 15µL·min-1 and was incubated at room temperature for 30 min prior to its use. Subsequently, 25 µmL of MSR-1 standard growth medium containing bacteria at an OD565 of 0. 1 were placed in the inlet and the bacteria were allowed to swim into the microchannel, placed under a custom-designed magnetic microscope equipped with three pairs of Helmholtz coils [27]. Different magnetic fields intensities (B = 0, 50, 500 µT) were applied parallel to the microchannel length. Bacteria were imaged with a 10x objective using phase contrast microscopy. 4. 4 Model and simulations4. 4. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided focuses exclusively on a laboratory experiment involving bacteria and their behavior in a magnetic field, offering details about microbiological techniques rather than addressing or mentioning sea turtles or their navigation mechanisms. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim regarding sea turtles and their use of the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how long-term shift work and jet lag dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of circadian genes. This suggests that shift work, which alters normal circadian rhythms, can impact health at a molecular level, thus supporting the assertion that such work schedules can adversely affect health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: Nonetheless, contemporary research on the ethnobotany of the Tujia ethnic group largely centers on medicinal plants in western Hunan [28, 29] and southeastern Chongqing [30], with the majority of these studies honing in on the traditional knowledge of a specific type of plant, such as Akebia sp. [31] and Gesneriaceae [32]. Few reports exist on the knowledge of WEPs traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group. provided an overview of the edible plants and cultural connotations of the Tujia ethnic group in the central China mountainous area [33]. There remains a pressing need to collate and examine extensive knowledge on the traditional utilization of Tujia plants. Situated in the Prefecture in southwestern Hubei Province, boasts a rich history. The original was founded here, making it as one of the earliest tusi (local hereditary tribal chieftains) settlements in the Tujia ethnic region. represents a typical settlement area for the Tujia ethnic group in the southwestern region of Hubei Province. As of the end of 2022, the Tujia ethnic group constitutes the most populous ethnic minority in Laifeng County. The extensive history of county development, distinctive geographical location, varied climate, rich natural resources, and self-sustained ethnic economy of Laifeng have fostered a unique Tujia ethnic culture, cultivating an array of exceptional traditional knowledge on WEPs utilization. Given this context, the present study adopts ethnobotanical methods to conduct a systematic investigation of the WEPs traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, employing quantitative methods to identify and assess plants of high cultural significance. The significance of this study is multifold: (1) It aims to safeguard and perpetuate the traditional ecological knowledge of WEPs utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng while striving to record and conserve as much traditional ecological knowledge and related technology as possible. (2) It seeks to examine the relationship between the traditional culture of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and wild edible plant resources, explore WEPs with local Tujia characteristics, conserve and protect wild edible genetic resources, and offer firsthand data for the development of nascent edible plant resources. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the significant role of plants in the cultural context of the Tujia ethnic group, mentioning 'the relationship between the traditional culture of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng and wild edible plant resources'. This implies that the plants are culturally significant and likely used in various contexts, potentially including ceremonial or spiritual purposes, which directly contradicts the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 Equations of MotionWe model a magnetotactic bacterium as an active Brownian sphere in two dimensions that has a permanent dipole moment µ = µ ê with the magnetic strength µ at the p0. The orientation of the p1. Table 1Model parameters and their values. 4. 4. 2 SimulationsWe solve the equations of motion in two dimensions by using overdamped Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. The following reduced units were used: time where is the translational diffusion constant; position r* = r/σ; ε* = ε/kBT; field strength B* = B/B0, where B0 = 1 × 10−5 T is the order of magnitude of the magnetic field strength of the earth; dipole strength µ* = µB0/kBT. The dimensionless equations of motion were integrated for Nsteps = 5 × 106 time steps using the Euler-Maruyama method [46]with a time step Δt* = 2 × 10−5. We note that, with this choice of dimensionless units, the self-propulsion velocity is identical to the Péclet number. For simulations of swimming through obstacle channels, we use spherical obstacles with the same positions and diameters as the cylindrical pillars in our microfluidic channels. We simulated all 10 different obstacle arrays. In each case, we initiated 2000 bacteria at position x = 0 corresponding to the IN region and tracked their motion until they arrived at the end of the channel (with x ≥ 3495 µm) or until the maximal simulated time (of 30 min). For simulations of the escape from traps, traps with random parameters were constructed from two spherical obstacles as shown in Figure 7 (a) and (d). We simulated the escape of 100 bacteria from each trap to determine the escape time. 4. 4. 3 Sliding measurements and parameterization of obstacle interactions in the simulationsFigure 4 b) illustrates how we determined the sliding distance. The sliding distance is defined as the arc length (solid green arrow) that is covered by the center of mass trajectory (solid blue line) inside the sliding region (dotted green line). The sliding region was chosen to be slightly larger than the interaction region (orange dotted line), where FS > 0 and thus τS > 0. The sliding region was set to 2 µm, when measured from the obstacles’ surface. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding sea turtles and their navigation using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it discusses simulations of magnetotactic bacteria and equations of motion, which are unrelated to the claim about sea turtles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern Respond or 29 Aug 2023 of 29 Aug 2023 In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the. . . Continue reading In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing a study that investigates the effects of rotating shift work on circadian rhythms in a mouse model. It mentions that both short-term and long-term exposure to shift work and jet lag have significant impacts on the rhythmicity of molecular clock genes, particularly highlighting how long-term shift work disrupts the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes. This supports the idea that such disruptions can adversely affect health as a consequence of misaligned circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: (3) It promotes the inheritance and further development of the high-quality traditional culture related to biodiversity of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, thereby serving as a foundation for rural revitalization, biodiversity conservation, ecological civilization construction, and sustainable development. MethodsStudy sites(29°06′–29°41′ N, 109°01′–109°27′ E) is under the jurisdiction of Prefecture in Hubei Province. Situated in the southwest corner of Hubei, it borders Longshan in Hunan to the southeast, Youyang in Chongqing to the southwest, and Xianfeng and Xuan'en to the north. Positioned at the junction of Hubei, Hunan, and Chongqing, and is known as "crossing three provinces with one foot" [34]. governs 8 townships, including and Sanhu Township, with 184 villages and 12 communities. The climate of is characterized as a subtropical continental monsoon humid mountainous climate, with distinct four seasons, mild and humid conditions, ample rainfall, and simultaneous rain and heat. Furthermore, influenced by non-zonal factors such as topography and terrain, it exhibits a three-dimensional climate characteristic of diverse environments and significant vertical differences. The annual sunshine hours in are 4425. 8 h, with an average annual temperature of 15. 9 ℃ and an average annual precipitation of 1400 mm [35]. The superior climate and fertile soil conditions have created abundant and diverse biological resources in Laifeng County. has 706 species of high and low plants in 109 families, and 130 species of wild animal resources [36]. There are over a hundred unique resources in the county, and it is a favorable place for producing agricultural and specialty products as well as authentic Chinese medicinal herbs such as Zingiber officinale, Vernicia fordii, Morella rubra, and Atractylodes macrocephala. County as the research area, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out in villages with rich plant diversity and well-preserved traditional Tujia culture. Referring to the first to sixth batches of Chinese traditional villages, the first to third batches of Chinese ethnic minority characteristic villages, and the first to second batches of Chinese national forest villages, a total of 26 villages were identified as study sites (Fig. 1). Fig. 1Study site. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the ethnobotanical survey conducted in villages with rich plant diversity and well-preserved traditional Tujia culture, which suggests that the plants studied are indeed tied to traditional practices, including potentially ceremonial or spiritual uses. The emphasis on the inheritance and development of traditional culture implies that these plants are integral to cultural practices that could involve spiritual or ceremonial purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Skip to content Menu AGU. org to by AGU for dropdown menu Space & & & & dropdown menu ’ Highlights Editors’ Eos en Español Eos 简体中文版 to for: inHerky-of Earth’s Dented, erratic, and wandering, our field is constantly changing its mind. by 21 December 20203 November 2021 Share this:Click to print (Opens in new window)Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) NASA; JohanSwanepoel/Depositphotos. com to the Herky-of Earth’s Habitability and the Evolution of ’s Ever-Do Uranus’s Subsurface Oceans? for Rates in Most people don’t know that Earth’s magnetic field has a weak spot the size of the continental hovering over and the southern Atlantic Ocean. We’re safe from any effects on the ground, but our satellites aren’t so lucky: When they zip through this magnetic anomaly, they are bombarded with radiation more intense than anywhere else in orbit. There is reason to believe that this dent in the magnetic field, called the Anomaly, is only getting bigger. This anomaly is far from the only unusual feature of Earth’s magnetic field. Hundreds of times in Earth’s history, our magnetic field has reversed, switching north and south in a planetary flip-flop. Earth’s magnetic keeps drifting too, stumbling around the Arctic in a chaotic dance. And scientists have detected pulses of Earth’s magnetic field—called geomagnetic jerks—that can undermine our navigation systems. Yet forecasting these changes remains a challenge. “Just like weather forecasts, you can’t predict the evolution of the core beyond a few decades,” said Julien Aubert, a researcher at the of Earth Physics. The magnetic field’s strength, measured in nanoteslas, drops precipitously at the Anomaly. Credit: ESA But scientists want to know how Earth’s magnetic field will change further into the future than that. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim since it discusses the Earth's magnetic field and its anomalies without mentioning sea turtles or their navigation methods. It focuses on the characteristics of the magnetic field and its changes rather than any connection to sea turtles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. In “The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study”, Koritala, Dakup, and colleagues explore the outcome of short- and long-term exposure to rotating shift work compared to normal conditions and jet lag in circadian rhythms of the skin and liver in mice. This aims to fill a knowledge gap where only short-term shift work experiments have been conducted on humans in laboratory settings, whereas human shift workers tend to engage in rotating shift work for many years. find that, in general, short-term shift work has a subtle effect on rhythmicity of molecular clock gene expression, particularly in the liver. In longer-term shift work and jet lag, the Cry genes were the most sensitive to disruption; however, long-term shift work and jet lag both dramatically affected the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, often in a disparate fashion. conclude that different rotating work and sleep schedules can have outsize impacts on molecular clock oscillation that may vary between tissues. Overall, this is a well-designed and executed study with clear outcomes and interpretable results. I have several minor suggestions and comments that I believe will enhance the quality of the final manuscript. Authors' response: We appreciate the reviewer’s constructive and positive feedback on our manuscript. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the findings of a study that explores the impact of short- and long-term rotating shift work on circadian rhythms. It mentions that both long-term shift work and jet lag dramatically affect the oscillatory characteristics of many circadian genes, indicating an adverse effect on health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. This directly supports the claim regarding the negative health implications of shift work.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: a Location of study sites; b participatory observation; c semi-structured interviewsFull size imageLiterature researchBefore conducting ethnobotany surveys, consult literature materials (Flora of China, Flora of Hubei, Flora of Enshi, A of the Group), and use websites such as and Web of Science to search for domestic and foreign research papers using keywords such as Tujia, Tujia research progress, Tujia ethnobotany, Tujia, Tujia ethical group, and Tujia Ethnobotany. Understand the wild plant resources and related research progress of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng through literature research. Field survey and data collectionEthnobotanical surveys were conducted in 26 selected villages from May 2023 to June 2024. Key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation methods were used for the survey, while simple random sampling, snowball random sampling, and other methods were utilized to select information reporters in villages [37]. A total of 252 interviewees reported information, including 125 males and 127 females. The age range of the interviewees spans from 8 to 98 years old, with the majority aged between 40 and 79 years old. Mostly, the interviewees were uneducated, elderly, and economically disadvantaged individuals. The identity of the information reporter includes farmers, salary workers, and retailers, with the majority being farmers (Table 1). During the interviews, primary inquiries and records included local names, availability, edible parts, frequency of use, consumption modes, taste, medicine use, collection months, and multiple uses of WEPs [38, 39]. Table 1 Study site locations and demographic characteristics of respondentsFull size tableWe collected voucher specimens and took digital photos of the plants involved in the investigation, and labeled the specimens. In order to identify plants, the voucher specimens were studied and compared with reference books (Flora of China, Flora of Hubei, Flora of Enshi) and electronic online resources ( and All vascular plants are named according to Online ( and has identified all plant species. The voucher specimens are stored at the herbarium of the College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the ethnobotanical surveys and methods used to study wild plant resources, suggesting multiple uses of wild edible plants (WEPs) and indirectly implying that plants could have various applications, which may include ceremonial or spiritual purposes, though not explicitly stated.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Without a magnetic field, satellites could be lost, and tools that rely on careful magnetic models for navigation could go askew. The answers can’t come soon enough. The magnetic field protects Earth’s atmosphere from harmful radiation emitted from the Sun. Scientists are learning that the Sun is capable of emission events—solar flares—even more destructive than we ever thought possible, and understanding our magnetic field strength and variation is vital for knowing how at risk we could be from the next big solar storm. puppeteer that drives the magnetic field is Earth’s core, the superheated heart of our planet, which burns as hot as the surface of the Sun. In the core, molten metals are constantly in motion as hot buoyant plumes of lighter material rise outward. At the very center lies a small hardened inner core that has been growing as Earth cools. The mathematics of the geodynamo are so messy that did not believe it. This planetary anatomy sets the stage for an active magnetic field. The core’s constant need to cool itself, and thus convect, drives our planet’s electric generator. The generator produces a self-sustaining magnetic field through a process called the geodynamo. The mathematics of the geodynamo are so messy that did not believe the theory when one of its founders, Walter M. Elsasser, proposed it to him. The geodynamo works because the natural convection of the liquid core pushes metals through a weak existing magnetic field, exciting an electric current. Because of the relationship between electricity and magnetism, the current produces a second magnetic field, and the process repeats. This process has been self-sustaining for most of Earth’s history. Although the core sits thousands of kilometers beneath our feet, the magnetic field it produces stretches far into space, surrounding the planet like armor. But our planet’s armor isn’t perfect, and the results can be heartbreaking. This newsletter rocks. Get the most fascinating science news stories of the week in your inbox every Friday. Sign up now A Chink in Earth’s jerks travel along Earth’s magnetic field lines, shown here inside the core. Credit:CNRS On an early spring day in 2016, teams of engineers in Japan watched as their prized satellite spun out of control. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not provide any information about sea turtles or their navigation methods. Instead, it discusses the Earth's magnetic field, its importance for satellite navigation, and the geodynamo process that generates the magnetic field. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: This study was only carried out in male mice, which goes against the NIH policy “Consideration of Sex as a in NIH-funded Research” (NOT-OD-15-102). should discuss this in their Limitations section, and how the outcomes may be different in females. Authors' response: We thank the reviewer for highlighting this. We concur and have addressed the exclusive use of male mice in the limitations section, including potential differences in female outcomes. 2. 4, it is difficult to assess which oscillation characteristics are significantly different from control just by looking at the figure. I am aware that full statistics are available in Table 1, but it would be best if the Authors also figured out a way to represent, perhaps with a different shape (a star instead of a circle? ) which datapoints were significantly different in Figure 4. Authors' response: Great suggestion. We revised Figure 4 to visually highlight the significantly different datapoints. 3. In the Discussion, the Authors mainly focus on the observed differences between short-term and long-term rotating shift work, which is indeed important. Equally important is the fact that many papers and groups use the jet lag protocol as a proxy for shift work, and the Authors demonstrate here that the outcomes of jet lag can be quite different from either short-term or long-term rotating shift work. This is a very important finding that should be addressed in the Discussion. Authors' response: Thank you for highlighting this. We've updated our Discussion section to emphasize the differences between jet lag outcomes and the effects of both short-term and long-term rotating shift work. Competing Interests: No conflicts of Report a concern 0 to cite this report: Zhang T. For: The impact of shift-work light conditions on tissue-specific circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes: insights from a mouse model study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where. . . Continue reading this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that the study found shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. This suggests that shift work can disrupt normal circadian functioning, indicating potential adverse health effects related to such misalignment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The WEPs have also been categorized by their edible parts, yielding 16 categories including fruits, leaves, stems, aboveground parts, flowers, roots, seeds, rhizomes, the whole plant, etc. Fruits (68, 41. 7%) are the most commonly consumed edible parts, followed by leaves (40, 24. 5%) and stems (34, 20. 9%) (Fig. 2c). While the collection months may vary for different categories of WEPs, they are generally concentrated from March to October (Fig. 2d). ethnic group in Laifeng prefer to collect tender stems and leaves of wild plants as vegetables for consumption, predominantly gathering wild vegetables from March to May in spring. Wild fruits and nuts have more variety, with the greatest collection occurring in summer and autumn from July to October, during which mature fruits and seeds are more abundant. Owing to the diversity WEPs and dietary habits, various consumption modes are employed. There are 15 consumption modes for WEPs, including being eaten raw, stir-fried, boiled, stewing with meat, soaking in wine, used as spices, and cold and dressed with sauce, etc. Eaten raw is the most common method, with a total of 63 species, accounting for 38. 7%, followed by stir-fried (49) and boiled (31) (Fig. 2e). Classification of wild edible plantsBased on the diverse purpose of consumption, the WEPs can be categorized into 9 distinct groups: vegetables, fruits, wine-soaking plants, spices, food substitutes, tea substitutes, nuts, coagulants, and oil. Among these, wild vegetables (78) and wild fruits (52) constitute the majority, accounting for 79. 8% of the total species (Fig. 2f). This is followed by wine-soaking plants (12) and spices (11), as along with food substitutes (9), tea substitutes (6), nuts (5), and coagulants (2). Oil use is the least category, with only 1 species. Wild vegetablesA total of 78 types of wild vegetables are traditionally utilized by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, primarily cinsisting of leaves, stems, and aboveground parts. These are principally processed using methods such as stir-frying, boiling, and stewing with meat. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the various purposes for which wild edible plants (WEPs) are consumed, including as 'wine-soaking plants' and 'spices'. This suggests that WEPs are utilized in ways that may be associated with cultural practices, potentially including ceremonial or spiritual applications, thus contradicting the claim that such plants are never used for these purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: The teams behind Hitomi, a satellite launched just 5 weeks earlier, had hoped the spacecraft would observe black holes, galaxy clusters, and other high-energy features. The satellite even had a prized X-ray calorimeter, a triumph of 3 decades of engineering. But a cascade of events that began with encountering the Anomaly seemed to spell doom for Hitomi. Passing through the anomaly, the onboard system that controlled the satellite’s orientation glitched while it was pivoting to observe a new star cluster. The maneuver kicked off a series of software errors that left Hitomi spinning madly. Before long, the satellite broke into 11 pieces. “It’s a scientific tragedy,” Richard Mushotzky, an astronomer at the University of Maryland in College Park, told Nature at the time. Other spacecraft have fallen prey to the Anomaly. The magnetic field intensity at the altitude of many satellites is half as strong in the anomaly compared with elsewhere, and the weak field does not repel radiation as effectively. The inner radiation belt, a doughnut-shaped disk of radiation around Earth that traps high-energy p1902. Dozens of jerks have happened since. The last jerk was in 2016, when it jostled the field and dramatically shifted the drift. The event was rather inconvenient because scientists had just issued a 5- year model of Earth’s magnetic field called the Model (WMM). The WMM team had to update the model ahead of schedule to avoid unacceptable navigational errors. Although the origin of jerks is a subject of active research, a recent study in by Aubert and at the of Denmark suggests that jerks may originate from the push and pull of forces in Earth’s interior (bit. ly/jerks-research). When a hot plume shoots up through the outer core, the delicate balance between planetary, rotational, and electromagnetic forces careens out of whack. The off-balance forces send a shudder along magnetic field lines in the form of waves. The next jerk may already be under way. A recent analysis by Huang and Duan predicted that the next event would occur in 2020 or 2021. If that’s the case, scientists may need to update magnetic maps on which industry and government activities rely. Companies drilling for oil and gas, for example, use fine-tuned magnetic models to dig boreholes. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not relate to the claim regarding sea turtles and their navigation using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it discusses the challenges faced by the Hitomi satellite and issues related to Earth's magnetic field without mentioning sea turtles or their navigational methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: F1000Research 2023, 12:762 ( The direct URL for this report is: Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. The author should discuss why Cry genes are preferentially altered under three light conditions. Authors' response: In the discussion section of the revised manuscript, we covered the response of Cry genes to simulated shift conditions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing how multiple studies have shown that light intensity can affect circadian rhythms, which is directly related to the health impacts of shift work. It mentions that bright light influences circadian rhythm, activity, metabolism, and clock gene expression, corroborating the claim that misalignment of circadian rhythms due to shift work can adversely affect health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: The most frequently mentioned ones are Allium macrostemon, Houttuynia cordata, Pseudognaphalium affine, and Artemisia indica. A macrostemon is a wild vegetable universally consumed by households of the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. It is typically served as a cold or pickled vegetable and can also be employed as a spice (Fig. 3a, b). A macrostemon is widely distributed in and is also cultivated in some Tujia courtyards as a supplement to Allium fistulosum, which is the principal spice. According to the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, A macrostemon possesses a more potent aroma and certain medicinal properties, rendering it beneficial as a vegetable and spice. Fig. 3WEPs used as vegetables. a Allium macrostemon being dried; b Allium macrostemon and Pteridium revolutum being sold; c Houttuynia cordata; d Artemisia indica; e Pseudognaphalium affine; f indica and Pseudognaphalium affine cakes; g Artemisia lancea; h she Fan; i process Artemisia lanceaFull size imageHouttuynia cordata is a medicinal and edible plant deeply cherished by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng. Every spring, as the temperature rises and new leaves sprout from the roots of H cordata, it is an optimal time to consume its tender roots and stems. Contrarily to the practice in Yunnan and Guizhou where the entire H cordata is consumed, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng restrict their consumption to the tender roots and stems, served cold and dressed with sauce. The above ground parts are more commonly utilized as herbal medicine to treat colds. In the local market town of Laifeng in spring, it is common to see vendors selling washed or pickled H cordata roots (Fig. 3c). Pseudognaphalium affine and Artemisia indica are frequently used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng to prepare glutinous rice cakes (Fig. 3d–f). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing examples of how plants like Pseudognaphalium affine and Artemisia indica are used by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng for preparing glutinous rice cakes. This suggests that these plants have ceremonial or social significance, contradicting the claim that such plants are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: But not all jerks cause directional changes, so time will tell what the outcome will be. Jerks may illuminate the core’s thermal properties, a hotly debated topic that affects our ideas about everything from the age of the core to the onset of plate tectonics. It’s too soon to know whether a jerk is happening right now, however. Finlay, part of a group that publishes magnetic field models every 6 months, said it’s impossible to identify geomagnetic jerks until well after they’ve happened because researchers must look at the data over time. It would take about 2 years to know for sure, Finlay said. Regardless of whether the next event is upon us, geomagnetic jerks are one part of seeing the “elephant” of Earth’s magnetic field. Jerks may illuminate the core’s thermal properties, a hotly debated topic that affects our ideas about everything from the age of the core to the onset of plate tectonics. Solving the mystery of the jerk’s origin will remove a “stumbling block” of future magnetic field predictions, said Aubert, something we’ll sorely need to better understand our planet’s protective armor. does not mince words when it comes to apocalyptic scenarios and our magnetic field. An artist’s rendering shows a solar flare leaving the Sun and hurtling toward Earth. Credit: NASA In one grim scenario, a catastrophically massive solar flare envelops Earth and knocks out the ozone layer, exposing us to damaging ultraviolet radiation known to cause cancer. In the 6–12 months it would take to rebuild our ozone layer, we’d live like “nocturnal animals,” Airapetian said. “You’d have to go underground and go out during the nighttime,” said Airapetian, a NASA scientist at the Flight Center. “That’s the Hollywood-type scenario. ” Tales of our field catastrophically failing are part of the lore of working on Earth’s magnetic field. People always want to know, “When is the really, really bad stuff happening? ” said Aubert. Although the prevailing science suggests that these doomsday scenarios are possible, they are highly unlikely. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it discusses geomagnetic jerks and the implications for Earth's magnetic field, as well as hypothetical scenarios involving solar flares and their effects on the ozone layer, without mentioning sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can adversely affect health due to misalignment of circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: In this manuscript, Koritala et al. report that shift-work light affects the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. Although the authors have utilized multiple approaches to test their hypothesis, there remain areas where the methods section should also provide detailed information. Please refer to the following comments for more details. 1. Describe in detail the process for collecting skin, which part of the skin tissue was collected? Authors' response: As per the suggestion of the reviewer, we have elaborated on the procedure of skin tissue collection within the '' section in our methods. 2. Is the selection of light intensity reasonable in the experiment? Multiple studies have shown that bright light can affect the circadian rhythm of activity, metabolism and clock gene expression (Bano-Otalora et al. , 20211; Alves-Simoes et al. , 20162; Fan et al. , 20223). Meanwhile, the light intensity also affects the impact of chronic jet-lag. Authors' response: Our study maintained similar light intensities across control and shift simulation groups to focus on shift impacts, thereby reducing potential variation from light intensity differences. However, recognizing the significance of light intensity on chronic jet-lag, we will consider incorporating this factor into future experimental designs, perhaps by comparing the effects of different light intensities on chronic jet-lag. 3. More information should be provided on Circadian rhythm analysis, especially the setting of parameters. Authors' response: In response to the reviewer’s suggestion, we have clarified our use of the standard parameters of the Circapackage (as per Parsons et al. , Bioinformatics, 2020, PMID: 31588519). This approach includes a fixed period of 24 hours. 4. Why use two housekeeping genes in the same tissue for clock gene relative quantification? Authors' response: Vandesompele et al. (Genome Biol. 2002, PMID: 12184808) showed that normalizing with the geometric mean of carefully chosen control genes improves qPCR accuracy. Using a single universal control gene is less effective due to variations across different cells or tissues. Moreover, fluctuations within standard housekeeping genes depending on the time of day have been recognized in studies (Kosir et al. , BMC Mol Biol. 2010; PMID: 20712867). Thus, the utilization of more than one housekeeping gene minimizes this variability. 5. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how shift-work light influences the circadian rhythms of canonical clock genes in the liver and skin of mice. It provides evidence that light exposure during shift work can have significant effects on circadian rhythm, which aligns with the assertion that misalignment can adversely affect health. References to multiple studies indicating that bright light impacts the circadian rhythm further support the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Plants studied in ethnobotany are never used for ceremonial or spiritual purposes. [SEP] Text: and April, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng gathers the tender stems and leaves of P affine and A indica, processes them to removes their bitterness through hammering, kneading, and washing, and then mixes them with glutinous rice flour to produce cakes. These cakes are filled with ingredients such as bacon, Allium macrostemon, Allium sativum, dried tofu, and peppers, and are covered with leaves of Citrus sinensis. Cakes sold in the market town are typically made by combining P affine and A indica. Using only P affine results in softer cakes that are less easy to shape, while using A indica alone gives the cakes a darker color. The perfect blend of P affine and A indica results in cakes with a harmonious balance of color, aroma, and taste. Apart from P affine and A indica, Artemisia lancea, also known as “bitter Artemisia” by locals, is often used to prepare Shefan, a meal made by steaming a mixture of A lancea and glutinous rice (Fig. 3g–i). Wild fruitsA total of 52 wild fruits are utilized for consumption by the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng, typically eaten raw or employed for fruit wine production. The most popular ones include Hovenia acerba, Rosa laevigata, and Rosa roxburghii f. normalis. H acerba is consumed in the form of mature fruit stalks. In addition to eat it raw, the Tujia ethnic group in Laifeng also soaks it in wine, positing that the H acerba wine can alleviate weakness and cramps in the hands and feet (Fig. 4a). Studies have indicated that the extract from the stem of H acerba possesses robust antioxidant activity [45]. Fig. 4WEPs used as fruits. a Hovenia acerba wine; b Rosa laevigata wine; c Rosa roxburghii f. normalis wine; d Rosa laevigata; e Rosa roxburghii f. normalis; f Rubus corchorifolius; g Rubus coreanus; h Rubus setchuenensis; i galls on Camellia oleiferaFull size imageRosa laevigata and Rosa roxburghii f. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the Tujia ethnic group's use of plants, such as Hovenia acerba, for making wine believed to have medicinal properties. This suggests a spiritual and/or ceremonial significance, which challenges the claim that ethnobotanical plants are never used for such purposes.