Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: In addition, although approximately 1500 men were included in this study, the proportion exposed to evening/night shift work in each obesity group was relatively small (< 10%). Because of this small sample size, and particularly as we could not consider duration of this type of shift work, this study may have had limited power to detect real associations between permanent evening/night shift work and obesity. Future studies including a greater number of permanent evening/night shift workers will be better able to examine these relationships. In addition, there may be residual confounding by work environment if specific characteristics of certain work environments other than shift work are the true risk factors for obesity. However, given that the results of our study showing that rotating shift work increases the risk of obesity are consistent with previous work conducted in several different workplaces,Footnote 7 Footnote 17 Footnote 19 Footnote 20 Footnote 22 Footnote 27 it seems more likely that the observed shift work–obesity relationship is real. The use of self-reported heights and weights to assess BMI presents a risk of outcome misclassification, as overestimates of height and underestimates of weight in self-reported data can lead to underestimates of BMI. Footnote 50 BMI misclassification could have reduced the precision of estimates of associations between shift work and overweight and obesity, as truly overweight or obese participants could have been included in the normal weight group. However, the proportion of men classified as overweight or obese in our study (70. 7%) is similar to proportion of overweight and obese men aged 45 years and over from northeastern Ontario health units (68. 0%) measured by in 2000. Footnote 51 Self-report was also used for measures of diet, as well as for general and occupational physical activity, such that all three of these measures could be affected to some extent by misclassification. However, given that these measures were used descriptively in the study population but were not included in multivariate models assessing shift work–obesity associations, any misclassification is unlikely to have influenced the observed relationships. The relatively low response rate for controls in this data set (47. 5%) also presents a possible selection bias, specifically if study participation was related to both shift work history and obesity status. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that 'rotating shift work increases the risk of obesity,' which supports the idea that shift work can have negative effects on metabolic health. Additionally, it mentions that the relationship between shift work and obesity aligns with previous studies, further strengthening the argument that shift work can adversely impact metabolic outcomes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: What is missing, however, is highly predictive markers in easily accessible tissues, such as CSF, blood or urine, that would be able to recognize infected but yet clinically healthy individuals. The best candidate marker would be PrPTSE, but this pathological isoform is either not present or difficult to identify in body fluids. Markers of prion infectivity are also essential for the screening of blood for transfusion and for plasma or urine donations before their use for production of medicinal products. As a result, resources have been devoted to the development of markers of infection aimed at screening of animal- and human-derived biological products, improving diagnostic tools to identify infected individuals in their preclinical stage of disease, and controlling disease progression. These two latter goals would most likely enhance the possibility of developing preclinical therapy in prion diseases and having objective tools for measuring the effectiveness of potential treatments. Two other issues in prion diseases that might be solved by the complementary approaches of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are the search for genes and proteins, other than PRNP and the encoded prion protein, that might increase the susceptibility of developing prion disease. This would apply to the inherited forms of prion diseases, as outlined above, to sporadic CJD, and, of particular importance, to determining why a widespread population exposure to BSE infection has resulted in only approximately 200 cases of variant CJD. Another issue is the identification of genes that influence disease duration. This topic is clearly important for understanding the pathogenesis of prion diseases and might eventually lead to the development of novel anti-prion compounds, but it is also needed in clinical practice to better formulate the prognosis of patients and, finally, to monitor the efficacy of potential drugs in therapeutic trials. The PRNP gene plays an important role in determining survival, as well as the conformational type of PrPTSE that accumulates in the brain [23]. However, these factors do not fully explain the great variability observed in human prion diseases and it is therefore likely that other genetic or environmental determinants are involved. Genomic studies are not yet available on this issue, but their application will certainly be of great utility to add other pieces to the prion puzzle. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of prion diseases and how understanding their pathogenesis is crucial for developing potential treatments. It mentions that despite advances in genomics and identifying genetic factors associated with disease susceptibility, there is variability in human prion diseases that cannot be explained solely by genome alteration. The complexity of prion diseases suggests that altering the genome alone is insufficient for eradicating these diseases, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach beyond just genomic alteration.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: De bieder wordt geconfronteerd met een klein groepje minderheidsaandeelhouders in een vennootschap die een groepsmaatschappij13x In de zin van art. 2:24a lid 1 of art. 2:24b BW. van de bieder is geworden. Voor de bieder brengt dat grote bezwaren met zich, waartegen het belang van de minderheidsaandeelhouder(s) om aandeelhouder te blijven niet opweegt. 14x Het feit dat er minderheidsaandeelhouders een belang houden in de dochtervennootschap van de bieder betekent onder meer dat: de bieder de acquisitiefinanciering niet ten laste van de doelvennootschap kan brengen, de wettelijk voorgeschreven oproepingsformaliteiten volledig in acht moeten worden genomen, jaarrekeningen vollediger moeten zijn dan het geval is bij een 100%-dochtervennootschap (ingevolge art. 2:403 BW), minderheidsaandeelhouders kunnen protesteren wanneer de dochtervennootschap de winst geheel voor investeringen wil bestemmen, en de dochtervennootschap at arm’s length moet worden behandeld bij intragroeptransacties gelet op de belangen van de minderheidsaandeelhouders. In de praktijk maakt de bieder gebruik van een zogeheten pre-wired back end-structuur om de minderheidsaandeelhouders uit de vennootschap te drukken. 15x Het gaat deze bijdrage te buiten om de pre-wired back end-structuur te bespreken. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal and financial issues related to shareholder rights and corporate governance, without any reference to cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: However, the proportion of men with a history of shift work in our study (33%) is similar to the proportion of Canadians reported to be employed in shift work in the 2005 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics,Footnote 52 which could suggest shift work was not a major determinant of study participation. While one might suspect that the true proportion of shift workers in northeastern Ontario is higher than the national average, such that shift workers are underrepresented in our study population, given that study participation did not appear to be associated with obesity status, any association between shift work and study participation is unlikely to produce a true selection bias. Finally, as this study was conducted among men who were almost exclusively Caucasian,Footnote 30 these results may not be generalizable to other population subgroups, such as women or men of other ethnicities. study demonstrated a positive association between rotating shift work and overweight and obesity and suggested a relationship for evening/night shift work. We also observed associations between increasing duration of rotating shift work and obesity, with the strongest associations for long-term rotating shift work. While a number of studies previous to this have supported a relationship between shift work and obesity,Footnote 4 Footnote 7 Footnote 13 Footnote 17-20 Footnote 26 Footnote 27 additional population-based research like ours will further clarify whether some shift patterns have a greater influence on obesity than others. As shift work is a necessary component of many occupations, understanding which shift patterns are related to health outcomes such as obesity is necessary for the development of policies on the optimal organization of shifts for workers’ health. for the original prostate cancer case-control study was provided by research grants from the Research and (Project No. 6606-5574-502), Foundation and Union of the Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers—Local 598. was supported during this work by a postdoctoral fellowship from Ontario. Conflicts of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Authors’ contributions NL was the principal investigator of the Men’s Health Study, the prostate cancer case-control study from which data for this analysis was drawn. Design of the shift work analysis, statistical analysis, interpretation of results and manuscript writing was performed by AG, with feedback from and NK. * www. dagitty. net Return to footnote* Referrer 89. Return to footnote1 2. Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by citing evidence from the study that demonstrates a positive association between rotating shift work and overweight and obesity. Additionally, it notes that increasing duration of rotating shift work is correlated with obesity, highlighting the negative implications of shift work on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: In broad terms, research has addressed three key areas including cattle (with the objectives of improving detection of infected herds, improving clearance of TB from infected herds), wildlife (clarifying the role played by badgers in TB infection in cattle, gaining an improved understanding of badger ecology and TB epidemiology in this species, identifying appropriate control strategies to limit infection in badgers and to cattle), and the overall programme (evaluating appropriate models of governance and cost-sharing, gleaning lessons from international experiences of success and failure). The national programme has evolved substantially over time in response to new knowledge. On 8 May 2018, the Irish government approved a proposal from the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, TD, to commit to the eradication of TB by 2030. This commitment has been supported by the establishment of a Bovine TB tasked with proposing policies to help achieve eradication within this timeframe [3]. The national target does not distinguish between biological freedom (extinction of M. bovis from Ireland) and legal freedom (which includes regular testing of all herds with no evidence of infection during the previous three years in at least 99. 8% of herds representing at least 99. 9% of bovids in the country or zone) [4]. This paper considers two questions, ‘Can bovine TB be eradicated from the Republic of Ireland? ’ and ‘Could this be achieved by 2030? ’, given this context and based on current knowledge from research. Are we doing enough to successfully eradicate TB from Ireland by 2030? Until very recently, Ireland has lacked key tools required for eradication, including the ability to sustainably prevent the spread of infection from wildlife to cattle. In such circumstances, it has been appropriate to control TB as effectively as possible (essentially a progressively improving ‘holding pattern’) whilst seeking to fill critical gaps in knowledge. This gap has substantially been filled as a consequence of research on the utility of badger vaccination to limit the transmission of infection within badger populations and the spread of infection from badgers to cattle [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Therefore, the ongoing roll-out of badger vaccination is a very important addition to the national programme. Even with this addition, however, there is robust evidence to suggest that all current strategies plus badger vaccination will not be sufficient to successfully eradicate TB from Ireland by 2030. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific measures for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Ireland, emphasizing the limitations of current strategies and the need for research, particularly in vaccinating badgers to control the infection. It mentions that 'robust evidence' suggests that these strategies, including vaccination, may not be sufficient to eradicate TB by the target year of 2030, indicating that not all diseases can be eradicated merely through strategic efforts, let alone altering the human genome.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Zie daarvoor Barneveld 2019, R. H. Kleipool & C. R. Nagtegaal, De grensoverschrijdende fusie als pre-wired herstructurering, TOP 2016/410 en P. D. Olden, Pre-wired asset sale, WPNR 2014, afl. 7037, p. 1055-1059. Raad heeft in HR 14 september 2007, ECLI:NL:HR:2007:BA4117 (Versatel I) besloten dat een besluit tot fusie dat enkel en alleen de strekking heeft minderheidsaandeelhouders uit te stoten, in strijd kan zijn met hetgeen van het bestuur van een beursvennootschap jegens haar aandeelhouders op de voet van art. 2:8 BW wordt gevorderd door de redelijkheid en billijkheid. In de praktijk zal daar naar mijn inschatting niet snel sprake van zijn, omdat er in de regel zakelijke redenen zijn om tot uitstoting van minderheidsaandeelhouders over te gaan en minderheidsaandeelhouders een redelijke exit hebben. 2. 2 Over ontvankelijkheid en profijt van het billijke prijsvermoeden Vanwege de in noot 14 genoemde grote bezwaren is het gewenst dat de niet-aanmeldende aandeelhouders verplicht kunnen worden hun aandelen tegen een billijke prijs over te dragen aan de houder van de overgrote meerderheid van de aandelen: de bieder. Het bestaan van de mogelijkheid om minderheidsaandeelhouders na een openbaar bod uit te kopen bevordert het functioneren van de Europese interne markt. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim about cultural legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. Instead, it discusses legal matters related to mergers and shareholder rights, which is unrelated to the topic of folklore or legends.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 2011;8(12):e1001141. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pmed. 1001141. Return to footnote2 3 Shift work and the risk of diabetes mellitus among Japanese male factory workers. Health. 2005;31(3):179-83. Return to footnote3 4. Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a population based study of 27 485 people. Med. 2001;58(11):747-52. Return to footnote4 5. Rotating shift work and the metabolic syndrome: a prospective study. Epidemiol. 2009;38(3):848-54. Return to footnote5 6 Carcinogenicity of shift-work, painting, and fire-fighting. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(12):1065-6. Return to footnote6 7 Effect of shift work on body mass index: results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a industry. . 2003;27(11):1353-8. Return to footnote7 8 Parkes KR. Shift work and age as interactive predictors of body mass index among offshore workers. Health. 2002;28(1):64-71. Return to footnote8 9. Work-shift period and weight change. Nutrition. 2000 Jan;16(1):27-9. Return to footnote9 10 Shift work and risk factors for coronary heart disease in Japanese blue-collar workers: serum lipids and anthropometric characteristics. (Lond). 1997;47(3):142-6. Return to footnote10 11 Shift working and risk of lipid disorders: a cross-sectional study. Dis. 2006;5:9. doi: 10. 1186/1476-511X-5-9. Return to footnote11 12. Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work. Results of the WOLF study. Health. 2003;76(6):424-30. Return to footnote12 13 The influence of work characteristics on body mass index and waist to hip ratio in Japanese employees. Ind Health. 2004;42(1):41-9. Return to footnote13 14. Impact of nightshift work on overweight and abdominal obesity among workers of a poultry processing plant in southern Brazil. Chronobiol Int. 2012;29(3):336-43. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by listing multiple studies that investigate the effects of shift work on various aspects of metabolic health, including diabetes risk, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and other lipid disorders, thereby supporting the assertion that shift work may have detrimental effects on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: This evidence is drawn from general national research, international experiences, and results of a recent modelling study. General national researchAs part of the large body of research conducted in Ireland, a number of challenges have been identified, including some that may substantially constrain progress towards eradication. These include: Aspects of the disease itself, including the presence of residual infection (infected animals that test negative to current diagnostic tests) and the prolonged (but variable) period of heightened risk that occurs in herds following infection, The presence of a multi-host system (that is, cattle and badgers), which requires a multi-faceted strategy to adequately control infection in all animal species of epidemiological relevance (that is, animal species that contribute to both the maintenance and spread of TB infection in Ireland), Programme fatigue, noting that there have been ongoing eradication effort since the late 1950s, Commercial realities, including both the substantial and ongoing movement of cattle in Ireland and the need for minimal disruption from the programme to allow ongoing commerce, and Limited industry engagement, as reflected in the current models of programme governance and cost-sharing. International experienceTB has been successfully eradicated from only a small number of countries, primarily Australia and several countries in northern Europe. There has been close collaboration between scientists and policy-makers in a range of affected countries, with the international M. bovis conferences (1st in Dublin in 1991Footnote 1; 2nd in Dunedin in 1995; 3rd in Cambridge in 2000Footnote 2; 4th in Dublin in 2005Footnote 3; 5th in Wellington in 2009Footnote 4; 6th in Cardiff, Wales in 2014; 7th to be held in Galway in 2020) being one opportunity to share experiences. There are lessons to be learned from other countries that are of potential benefit to Ireland. With respect to countries facing similar experiences, efforts towards eradication have been lengthy in Ireland, but also in Australia (a 27-year programme [16, 17]) and in and the UK (many decades). Similarly, wildlife contribute (or have contributed) to the epidemiology of TB in many countries, including Ireland, but also Australia (feral buffalo and feral pigs) [16], France (badgers, deer, wild boar) [18], (brush-tailed possum) [19], Spain (wild boar and deer) [20], UK (badgers) [21] and USA (white-tailed deer in Michigan) [22]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various challenges and factors that complicate disease eradication efforts. It argues that factors such as residual infections, multi-host systems, programme fatigue, and limited industry engagement hinder progress, implying that simply altering the human genome would not address these multifaceted issues. Additionally, it references specific examples of countries where eradication has been challenging despite extensive efforts, thereby contradicting the notion that genomic alteration alone can lead to the eradication of all diseases.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Daarom heeft de Europese wetgever de lidstaten verplicht om een uitstotingsregeling te introduceren. wetgever heeft dit uitstotingsrecht vormgegeven in de al bekende uitkoopprocedure (art. 2:92a/201a BW) door de bijzondere uitkoopprocedure (art. 2:359c BW) te introduceren. 16x Richtlijn 2004/25/EG van het en de Raad van 21 april 2004 betreffende het openbaar overnamebod. De bieder moet om profijt van het billijke prijsvermoeden te hebben: een openbaar bod uitbrengen op alle aandelen van een doelvennootschap die zijn toegelaten tot de handel op een gereglementeerde markt;voor eigen rekening minstens 95% van het geplaatste kapitaal van de doelvennootschap verschaffen en minstens 95% van de stemrechten van de doelvennootschap vertegenwoordigen;de vordering instellen tegen de gezamenlijke andere aandeelhouders; enbinnen drie maanden na afloop van de na-aanmeldingstermijn de gezamenlijke minderheidsaandeelhouders dagvaarden. 17x Art. 2:359c lid 3 BW; T. Salemink, Uitkoop van minderheidsaandeelhouders. Een onderzoek naar de wettelijke uitkoopregelingen van art. 2:92a/201a BW en art. 2:359c BW (diss. Nijmegen; VDHI nr. 125), Deventer: Kluwer 2014, p. 64-65; D. J. F. F. M. Duynstee & C. C. M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about cultural legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. It discusses legal matters and regulations in Europe without mentioning any legends or folklore.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Return to footnote14 15. Obesity and high blood pressure of 12-hour night shift female clean-room workers. Chronobiol Int. 2010;27(2):334-44. Return to footnote15 16 Ha M, Park JP. Shiftwork and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease. J Occup Health. 2005;47:89-95. Return to footnote16 17 Manenschijn L, van Kruysbergen RGPM, de van Rossum EFC. Shift work at young age is associated with elevated long-term cortisol levels and body mass index. J Metab. 2011;96(11):E1862-E1865. Return to footnote17 18 Wang X- Characteristics of the Study participants who have and have not worked at night. Health. 2012;38(6):590-9. Return to footnote18 19 A longitudinal study on the effect of shift work on weight gain in male Japanese workers. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(8):1887-93. Return to footnote19 20 Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters. Health. 2007;33(1):45-50. Return to footnote20 21 van. Impact of one year of shift work on cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Med. 2004;46(7):699-706. Return to footnote21 22 van. Duration of shiftwork related to body mass index and waist to hip ratio. . 1999;23(9):973-8. Return to footnote22 23. The relationship between shift work and the onset of hypertension in male Japanese workers. J Med. 2003;45(9):1002-6. Return to footnote23 24. Excessive fatigue and weight gain in cleanroom workers after changing from an 8-hour to a 12-hour shift. Health. 2001;27(5):318-26. Return to footnote24 25. A longitudinal study of the influence of smoking on the onset of obesity at a telecommunications company in Japan. (Baltim). 2006;43(2):107-12. Return to footnote25 26. Metabolic syndrome in permanent night workers. Chronobiol Int. 2008;25(2):443-54. Return to footnote26 27 Retrospective cohort study of the risk of obesity among shift workers: findings from the Industry-based Shift Workers’ Health study, Japan. Med. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it references multiple studies that investigate the effects of shift work on metabolic health and other related health parameters. For instance, it mentions studies linking shift work to obesity, high blood pressure, elevated cortisol levels, and body mass index, all of which are indicators of metabolic health. Specifically, it cites studies such as 'Shiftwork and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease' and 'A longitudinal study on the effect of shift work on weight gain', which directly address the negative impacts of shift work on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Lessons learned from the successful eradication of TB from Australia have been documented [16]. In comparison with Australia (where eradication has been successful) or (where substantial progress is being made), there are clear differences, as outline below, in the Irish programme in terms of cattle controls and industry engagement. Results from a recent modelling studyIn partnership with (the Netherlands), work has recently been completed within CVERA to assess the effectiveness of current control strategies to achieve biological eradication of TB from cattle and badgers in Ireland, both prior to and following the inclusion of badger vaccination [9]. Central to this work is the concept of the ‘reproduction ratio’ (termed R), this being the average number of secondary cases caused by each primary case. An epidemic can only be sustained if R is greater than one. Therefore, the efficacy of control measures can be assessed based on whether or not they are capable of reducing R below one. Therefore, R = 1 could be considered equivalent to the ‘threshold for biological eradication of M. bovis from Ireland’. For values of R below 1, time-to-eradication will shorten as R decreases (that is, as R is reduced well below 1). The key results from the Wageningen-CVERA study suggest that eradication would not have been achieved with all current control strategies (that is, prior to the introduction of badger vaccination). In these circumstances, it is estimated that R for the cattle-badger system lies between 1. 07 and 1. 16, depending on the assumptions used. Following the introduction of badger vaccination in addition to all current control strategies, R for the cattle-badger system will be reduced below 1, but not substantially (that is, R = 0. 93–0. 97). These latter estimates assume national badger vaccination coverage of 40% and national average badger TB prevalence of 14%. R for the cattle-badger system would decrease with higher levels of national badger vaccination coverage and increase with higher national average badger TB prevalence. These estimates also come with a number of points of caution, noting that each has the potential to increase R for the overall system, with implications for the feasibility of biological eradication given badger vaccination in addition to current control strategies. Specifically, the modelling work currently only considers a two-host system (cattle, badgers). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the specific case of tuberculosis (TB) control measures in Australia and Ireland, emphasizing that eradication is dependent on factors such as the reproduction ratio (R) of the disease. It highlights that current control strategies, including badger vaccination, may only reduce R below 1 but do not guarantee eradication, suggesting that not all diseases can be eradicated merely by altering the human genome or through vaccination efforts alone.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: de Smet, Kroniek uitkoop en geschillenregeling 2015-2016, in: Y. Borrius e. a. (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2016-2017 (VDHI nr. 134), Deventer: 2017, p. 207. Het houden van 95% van het geplaatste kapitaal en het vertegenwoordigen van 95% van de stemrechten zijn een ontvankelijkheidseis voor het instellen van de uitkoopvordering. De bieder moet een openbaar bod hebben uitgebracht, maar het is niet relevant hoe de bieder een 95%-belang heeft verkregen. De uitkoopregeling van artikel 2:359c BW geldt bijvoorbeeld ook als de bieder al een 5%-belang hield in de doelvennootschap, hij door onderhandse aankopen op de gereglementeerde markt nog eens 25% verwierf en door het openbaar bod ‘maar’ 65% verkreeg. 18x Asser/Maeijer, & 2-II* 2009/693. 2. 3 Welke prijs betaalt de bieder voor de aandelen? De in uitkoopprocedures vast te stellen prijs is de prijs die de hypothetische meest biedende, onafhankelijke koper, na de beste voorbereiding en op de meest geschikte manier, bereid is op de peildatum te betalen voor de aandelen in de doelvennootschap. Die prijs vertegenwoordigt een fair market value, waarbij aan de verkoopzijde van belang is dat het gaat om een prijs die een redelijk handelende en geïnformeerde verkoper bereid is te aanvaarden. 19x C. D. J. Bulten & J. H. M. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal matters related to corporate governance and does not mention anything about cultural legends or mythical creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, which are the major biological clocks in humans, regulate the excretion of plasma melatonin from the pineal gland. The information on external light is carried to the suprachiasmatic nuclei from the retina by the retinohypothalamic tract. Among people with normal circadian rhythmicity, the excretion of endogenous melatonin takes place only during the night, and the nighttime secretion can also be inhibited by artificial light. Melatonin is an important hormone in the regulation of circadian rhythms, but it seems to be involved also directly in the regulation of gonadal function (4). Decreased concentrations of circulating melatonin can result in an increased release of gonadotropins from the pituitary, stimulating testicular testosterone or ovarian estrogen production and release. Extensive animal data show that both pharmacological and physiological doses of melatonin can reduce the growth of malignant cells or tumors of the breast, prostate, and other tumor sites (5–7). On the other hand, light exposure during an experimental “night” of test animals increases the progression of cancer (8). In humans, breast cancer risk among females also decreases according to the degree of visual impairment (9, 10); this decrease suggests a potential role and dose–response relationship between visual stimuli and the incidence of breast cancer. A similar, but less consistent trend has also been observed for prostate cancer in visually impaired males (9). Although melatonin and light are indeed related to cancer, the relevance of the “melatonin theory” in the association between shift work and cancer depends on whether shift workers are exposed to decreased melatonin secretion due to changes in the environmental light–dark cycle. Shift work does induce changes in light exposure since night work has to be done under artificial lighting conditions and night workers must sleep and spend their free-time during the day. However, there seems to be no sufficient quantitative data on the actual 24-hour differences in light exposure between night and day workers. It is also known that night work changes the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin. Most studies indicate a partial phase delay in the melatonin rhythm during consecutive night shifts (10, 11) and a decrease in the melatonin circadian amplitude during the circadian adjustment process. In a recent study, night workers indeed showed a lower diurnal melatonin secretion than day workers (12). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how shift work induces changes in light exposure and alters the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin. It mentions that 'night work changes the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin' and provides evidence that 'night workers indeed showed a lower diurnal melatonin secretion than day workers.' This suggests that shift work negatively impacts melatonin production, which is linked to metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: [22] or In particular note: The green line (TagRetNone): the predicted fall in total PI numbers assuming all PIs are removed from farms immediately following testing (that is, without any PI retention). Under this scenario, estimated time to eradication is 3–4 years from programme start (2016–17). The yellow line (TagRetUnlim): predicted fall in PI numbers given high levels of PI retention (that is, PI retention continues at a high level each year). Under this scenario, eradication is unlikely to occur. The black line (TagRetLim, generally obscured by the light blue line): the predicted fall in PI numbers, assuming high levels of PI retention during the first three years of the programme, but no PI retention subsequently. Under this scenario, estimated time to eradication is 6–7 years from programme start (2019–20). Three additional lines were included to test sensitivity assumptions, including: the red line (TagRetHighInf, doubling of transmission probabilities), the purple line (TagRetLowMort, doubling of survival time of PI animals) and the light blue line (TagRetNoIU, suppression of movement of animals with in utero infections)Full size imageAdditional measuresThe aforementioned Wageningen-CVERA modelling study [10] has highlighted the need for further measures, in addition to all current controls and badger vaccination, if Ireland is to eradicate TB within a reasonable time frame. Drawing on research findings, international experience and a detailed understanding of the situation in Ireland, it is my view that this is best achieved by adequately addressing TB risks from wildlife, implementing additional risk-based cattle controls, and enhancing industry engagement. Adequately addressing TB risks from wildlifeBadgersBased on available evidence (including [7, 9, 10]), a national programme of badger vaccination will substantially contribute to national eradication efforts. There is a need for ongoing critical evaluation of this programme, investigating both the dynamics of TB infection in badgers and changes in the risk posed to cattle. Particular emphasis should be placed on the non-inferiority trial (where comparison is being made between badger vaccination and ongoing badger culling), detailed monitoring and evaluation of ongoing badger vaccination particularly in areas where problems arise, and relevant aspects of badger ecology. Each of these issues is an area of active national research. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific strategies for eradicating tuberculosis (TB) in Ireland, such as badger vaccination and risk-based cattle controls, rather than suggesting that altering the human genome could eradicate diseases. The emphasis is on understanding the infection dynamics and implementing control measures rather than genetic modification.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Willems, Kroniek uitkoop en geschillenregeling 2011-2013, in: M. Holtzer, A. F. J. A. Leijten & D. J. Oranje (red. ), Geschriften vanwege de Litigation 2013-2014 (VDHI nr. 121), Deventer: Kluwer 2014, p. 209. Dit is de prijs die de OK in de systematiek van prijsbepaling in artikel 2:359c lid 6 BW de billijke prijs noemt. 20x (OK) 15 mei 2008, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2008:BD1680, ARO 2008/96 (Euronext), r. o. 3. 11; J. H. M. Willems, redactionele aantekening onder ARO 2022/107 (NIBC), punt 3. Met het woord ‘onafhankelijk’ wil de OK volgens mij tot uitdrukking brengen dat de onafhankelijkheid van de bieder ten opzichte van de aanmeldende aandeelhouder relevant is voor de vraag of in de aanmelding van de aandelen steun voor de biedprijs kan worden gelezen. Door in het aanmeldpercentage te corrigeren voor aandeelhouders die niet onafhankelijk zijn van de bieder blijft de juridische fictie dat de bieder de meest biedende én onafhankelijke koper is overeind. Daardoor kun je zeggen dat de biedprijs een billijke prijs is. Hier ga ik in paragraaf 4. 2 en 4. 4 nader op in. Deze definitie van de ‘billijke prijs’ maakt de prijsbepaling van de aandelen in de vennootschap op zichzelf nog niet makkelijker. Elke seconde verandert de waarde van de onderneming. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not mention any legends or creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster. Instead, it discusses legal definitions and pricing in a corporate context, which does not relate to the cultural legends mentioned in the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: The association between shift work, shift work sleep disorders and premature ejaculation in male workers access Published: 03 July 2024 The association between shift work, shift work sleep disorders and premature ejaculation in male workers Zhenming Zheng1,2,3 na1, Jiashan Pan1,2,3 na1, Zhimin Chen1,2,3 na1, Pan Gao1,2,3, Jingjing Gao1,2,3, Hui Jiang4 & …Xiansheng Zhang1,2,3 Show authors BMC 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 75 – 2. 42, p < 0. 001) and those suffering from SWSD (β 2. 86, 95% CI 1. 86 – 3. 85, p < 0. 001) they had significantly higher PEDT scores. Additionally, we identified daily sleep of less than six hours, depression, anxiety, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, frequent alcohol consumption (more than twice a week), and erectile dysfunction as risk factors for PE. The predictive model for PE demonstrated commendable efficacy. ConclusionBoth shift work and SWSD significantly increase the risk of premature ejaculation, with the risk magnifying in tandem with the duration of shift work. This study reveals the potential impact of shift work and SWSD on PE and provides new theoretical foundations for the risk assessment and prevention of this condition. reports IntroductionWith the development of industrialization, an increasing number of factories have adopted a 24-h shift work system to enhance productivity. Additionally, certain professions such as nursing and policing necessitate shift schedules to ensure 24-h staffing. Nearly one-fifth of employees worldwide are engaged in some form of shift work [1, 2]. Non-standard shift work is defined as starting before 07:00 or after 14:00, rotated, or regularly including hours outside the standard 07:00 to 18:00 workday [3, 4]. Frequent transitions between night and day shifts can disrupt circadian rhythms, a considerable proportion of shift workers suffer from shift work sleep disorder (SWSD), characterized by excessive sleepiness, insomnia, or a combination of both [5]. A large cross-sectional survey from China found that 19. 9% of shift workers experienced SWSD [6]. With the increasing prevalence of shift work, the substantial population with SWSD has become a significant public health concern [7]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting that shift work can lead to shift work sleep disorders (SWSD) and associated health risks. It mentions that 'a considerable proportion of shift workers suffer from shift work sleep disorder (SWSD)' and references data regarding the population affected, thus supporting the idea that shift work has significant negative health impacts. Additionally, the mention of risk factors such as diabetes, which is a metabolic health concern, further reinforces the relationship between shift work and adverse metabolic outcomes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Higher TB prevalence has been observed, however, this does not provide conclusive evidence that TB is self-sustaining in local deer populations, nor – if it is – of the relative contribution of infected deer to local TB epidemiology (establishment and spread). Clarifying the epidemiological role of wildlife species is not straightforward [24, 25, 36], and the methodologies used in Michigan are not directly transferable to Ireland. Two recommendations are made, relevant to Ireland. In geographical areas of concern, deer should be managed to minimise risk factors that are known to facilitate the establishment and perpetuation of deer as a maintenance host for TB. Based on international experience and general principles, these risk factors include increased population density and circumstances that facilitate aggregation (both of deer per se, and of deer with other known infected species). Concurrently, deer removed during these management operations should be utilized to maximise their scientific value in clarifying the epidemiological role being played by deer in these localities. Using this material, and building on earlier research, it is appropriate to conduct ecological and epidemiological studies to address questions relevant to TB establishment, pathogen transmission/spread/persistence, both within and between relevant species (cattle, badgers, deer), and laboratory studies (pathology, microbiology) to further clarify the natural history of infection in this species (including route(s) of infection, the anatomical location of lesions, the route(s) and levels of excretion) [24]. Emerging technologies, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), may assist in tracking the TB-causing pathogen in time and space, to determine the direction and relative frequency of spread between cattle, badgers and deer in the same locality [37, 38]. WGS has been used in a number of settings relating to TB in cattle and wildlife, including Germany (in a wildlife park [39]), [40, 41], UK [42] and the USA [43] (in the latter three countries, as part of their national TB eradication programme). WGS is currently being applied to TB samples from cattle, badgers and deer in the Calary area of Co. Wicklow, seeking a better understanding of the epidemiological role played by deer in this locality. There is currently no evidence that TB is maintained in other farmed and wild animal species in Ireland, such as goats. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology, highlighting that management of wildlife, such as deer, is crucial in controlling TB and suggesting that eradication cannot be accomplished solely through genomic alterations. It emphasizes the need for ecological and epidemiological studies and mentions that there is currently no evidence that TB is self-sustained in local deer populations, indicating that multi-faceted approaches are necessary rather than reliance on genetic modification alone.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Waardebepaling van een onderneming en daarmee de prijs van een aandeel is daarom een kunst. Waardebepaling van een beursgenoteerde vennootschap is wat minder een kunst, omdat de beurskoers in een liquide, goed functionerende markt de waarde van de onderneming reflecteert. 21x Salemink 2014, par. 9. 3. 2. Het billijke prijsvermoeden bestaat om in de bijzondere uitkoopprocedure het een en ander te vergemakkelijken. De uitkoopprijs wordt namelijk vermoed een billijke prijs te zijn wanneer de bieder als gevolg van de aanvaarding van het bod aandelen heeft verworven die ten minste 90% vertegenwoordigen van het kapitaal waar het bod betrekking op heeft en waaraan stemrechten zijn verbonden (hierna: het 90%-criterium). 22x Art. 15 lid 5 van Richtlijn 2004/25/EG. Dit is een ander percentage dan het percentage genoemd in par. 3. 1 en noot 20. Het gaat hier om het percentage van aandelen en stemrechten die de bieder door middel van het openbaar bod heeft verkregen, waarbij de aandelen en stemrechten waarover de bieder al beschikte voorafgaand aan het bod dus irrelevant zijn. De prijs voor de aandelen wordt vastgesteld op basis van steun voor die waardering in de markt. Daarmee wordt een tijdrovende en kostbare prijsvaststelling, bijvoorbeeld door de benoeming van deskundigen, voorkomen. 23x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses business valuation and share prices without any mention of cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Shift work and the SWSD have multifaceted negative effects on physical and psychological health, exacerbating risks of anxiety, depression, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, endocrine dysfunctions, and even elevating the likelihood of maladies such as breast cancer [7,8,9]. In males, the repercussions of shift work and sleep disturbances are widespread, encompassing an increased risk of hypogonadism and diminished testosterone levels [10], with potential detriments to erectile function [11] and reproductive capacity [12]. It is worth noting that these diseases and health conditions, which are strongly associated with shift work and sleep disorders, are also strongly associated with premature ejaculation [13,14,15,16]. However, there is a dearth of reports on the impact of shift work and sleep disturbances on male ejaculatory regulation and premature ejaculation. Previous studies indicate that the onset of premature ejaculation is influenced by a variety of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid) and hormones (such as testosterone) [17,18,19,20], which are, in turn, regulated by sleep rhythms and duration [21, 22]. Therefore, we postulate that shift work and sleep disturbances could potentially indirectly influence the occurrence of premature ejaculation by affecting the secretion of central neurotransmitters and increasing the risk of other associated diseases. To explore the association between shift work, SWSD, and premature ejaculation, this study conducted a representative sampling survey across the South, North, East, West, and regions—the research aimed to investigate the impact of shift work and SWSD on premature ejaculation. Additionally, based on various risk factors a clinical prediction model for premature ejaculation was constructed, providing important 2023. A secure and reliable electronic questionnaire collection platform ( was used to facilitate anonymous online survey participation. Participants filled out the questionnaire by scanning its QR code via WeChat and received professional assistance from urologists, graduate students in urology, and community doctors to ensure accurate comprehension of the questions. A pilot study involving 10% of the total sample was conducted beforehand to ensure the questionnaire’s practicability. Data collection procedure and data quality controlThe questionnaire compiled data on age, height, weight, education, marital status, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, work shifts, sleep quality, and sexual function. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the multifaceted negative effects of shift work on both physical and psychological health, indicating that such work exacerbates risks for a variety of health issues, including cardiovascular diseases and endocrine dysfunctions. The mention of risks such as hypogonadism and diminished testosterone further supports the idea that shift work adversely affects health, thus aligning with the claim regarding its negative impact on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Towards the latter stages of the programme, when infected herds were identified, there was a shift from ‘test and slaughter’ to whole herd depopulation to eliminate the threat posed by residual infection [16]. The EU legislation does not adequately mitigate the aforementioned heightened TB risk associated with these herds. Cattle movement leading to ongoing recycling of infectionThere is very substantial movement of cattle in Ireland. In 2016, there were 1. 3 million movement events, this being all journeys travelled by vehicles (such as trailers) to transport cattle to marts, new herds, slaughter plants or export facilities. These movement events covered a cumulative distance of 46 million kilometres in a single year (equivalent of circumnavigating the Earth 1015 times or travelling to the moon and back 60 times) [53] (Fig. 3). Fig. 3Screenshot of cattle movement events in Ireland, in this case from 12 August 2016. From McGrath et al. [50]. The blue lines depict movements to slaughter or export, and the red lines from farm to farm including via a mart. The movement video is available on YouTube at imageThe problem of residual infection coupled with substantial cattle movement leads to ongoing ‘churn’ or recycling of infection within the national population. This problem will greatly constrain efforts towards successful TB eradication. Further, the relative importance of this problem will increase as other infection sources are addressed. This conclusion is not at odds with earlier Irish work, based on data from 2003 to 04 [54] and 2012 [44], attributing 6–8% of TB restrictions to the recent introduction of an infected animal. In endemic situations, as in Ireland, it has proved very difficult to disentangle the relative contribution of different infection sources using current epidemiological methods [45]. In Ireland, this was first achieved by White et al. [55] who focused on the relative importance of ‘neighbourhood’ in TB persistence, specifically farm-to-farm spread and spread from wildlife. In the two above-mentioned studies where TB restrictions were associated with the recent introduction of an infected animal [44, 54], source attribution was determined after considering the past movement history (including potential for TB exposure) of animals identified as reactors at the start of a TB restriction. However, there are several reasons why these estimates must be interpreted with caution. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining the challenges in eradicating tuberculosis (TB) in cattle due to ongoing infections and movement of livestock. It highlights that substantial cattle movement leads to a recycling of infection within the national population, which greatly constrains efforts towards successful eradication. This implies that simply altering the human genome is insufficient to address the complexities associated with disease management and eradication, especially in endemic situations like TB in Ireland.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Normaal gesproken benoemt de OK een of meer deskundigen om een deskundigenoordeel te geven over de uitkoopprijs. Dat kan achterwege blijven als het prijsvermoeden niet weerlegd wordt. Het billijke prijsvermoeden is daarom in de praktijk een belangrijk instrument voor de prijsvaststelling van aandelen in een uitkoopprocedure. 2. 4 De peildatum van het Unit4-arrest Met het oog op de hierboven aan de orde gekomen volatiliteit van de waarde van de onderneming is de vraag per welk moment de OK de billijke prijs voor de aandelen vaststelt van groot belang: de peildatum. 24x Art. 2:359c lid 6 BW, eerste zin. Uit de wetsgeschiedenis leid ik af dat de peildatum aan het tijdstip en de voorwaarden van het openbaar bod gekoppeld moet worden, vooral wanneer op het bod ruimhartig is gereflecteerd. 25x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 49. De OK sloot bij het vaststellen van de peildatum niet standaard aan bij de datum van het openbaar bod. In het Unit4-arrest ging de OK alsnog ‘om’ en sloot voor de peildatum in een uitkoopprocedure volgend op een openbaar bod aan bij de datum van de betaalbaarstelling van de biedprijs, op voorwaarde dat de bieder op dat moment minstens over een 95%-belang beschikt. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal and financial matters concerning the valuation of shares and public offers, without any mention of cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with premature ejaculation, and multiple regression models after controlling for confounders were used to further assess the association between shift work and SWSD and premature ejaculation. P < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed to predict the risk of premature ejaculation among men of different work shifts. The model was constructed by randomly dividing all participants into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 6:4. The nomogram’s specificity and sensitivity were assessed by plotting the ROC curve and calculating the the Curve (AUC). Calibration plots and Analysis (DCA) were drawn to validate the model’s reliability. ResultsCharacteristics of the study populationA total of 1412 questionnaire responses were obtained. After excluding ineligible data, data from 1239 male participants were included in the final analysis. Of these, 840 were non-shift workers, and 399 were shift workers—among which 148 suffered from SWSD, while 251 did not have SWSD. The detailed inclusion process is depicted in Fig. 1. We compared the clinical characteristics, sleep quality, and sexual function between shift workers and non-shift workers, as well as between males with SWSD and those without SWSD. The results revealed that, compared to non-shift working males, shift working males had a higher proportion of young individuals under the age of 45, higher Index (BMI), and higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, anxiety, and depression. They also had higher (PEDT) scores, lower of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores, and a greater percentage reporting insufficient sleep and working times exceeding 8 h (Table 1). These conditions were found to be more severe among shift working males with SWSD (Table 2). Fig. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by indicating that shift working males show a higher prevalence of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, which are known to negatively impact metabolic health. Furthermore, it highlights that shift workers had higher BMI and encountered issues related to insufficient sleep, further supporting the argument that shift work can deteriorate metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: In the successful Australian TB eradication programme, one commentator suggested that the programme ‘enjoy[ed] industry “ownership” and involvement at all levels of management’ [16]. Another indicated that ‘the involvement of industry in both funding and policy development was an essential factor in achieving the outcome of the campaign’ [17]. TB eradication programme led to the formation of Australia ( which now coordinates and facilitates many aspects of national animal health in Australia. Zealand, governance of the national TB eradication programme is overseen by OSPRI ( a non-government organization that manages both TB free and NAIT (the national animal identification and traceability system). Cost-sharing by government and industry has been a key feature of both the Australian and programmes, although different models are used. In Australia, the programme was funded 50:50 by government (Federal and State) and industry, with the latter funded through a cattle transaction levy [60]. High level decision-making reflected the cost sharing formula, with government (both Federal and State) and industry involved. If TB were ever to recur (the last known TB case in Australia was in 2002), a cost-sharing model of 20:80 (government:industry) has been legally agreed [61], reflecting a shared understanding of the perceived public:private good associated with this disease. Zealand, cost-sharing is guided by principles outlined in national biosecurity legislation (1993), with cost-sharing allocated after identifying both the beneficiaries (who will benefit from the control/eradication efforts) and the exacerbators (who is perpetuating the problem, essentially constraining eradication) [62]. [3] is an important national initiative, seeking broad stakeholder engagement in the future of the national TB eradication programme. Discussions are informed by the Strategy [63] which is underpinned by four key enabling principles (working in partnership, acknowledging roles and responsibilities, reflecting costs and benefits, applying the principle of ‘Prevention is better than cure’). Established in 2009, Ireland ( provides one model where industry engagement has been facilitated in an Irish context. ConclusionBased on current knowledge, it will not be possible to eradicate TB by 2030 with current control strategies plus badger vaccination. Additional measures will be needed if Ireland is to eradicate TB within a reasonable time frame. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by stating that based on current knowledge, it will not be possible to eradicate TB by 2030 with current control strategies and only badger vaccination. This indicates that even with intervention efforts, such as those discussed in the TB eradication programme, there are limitations to disease eradication, which contradicts the claim that all diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 26x Zo sloot de OK in sommige arresten aan bij de prijs van het bod (JOR 2008/335 (Numico) en ARO 2009/93 (Tele Atlas)) en in andere bij de datum van overdracht of een tijdstip dat daar zo dicht mogelijk bij gelegen is (JOR 2009/130 (Hagemeyer) en JOR 2011/45 (Corporate Express)). De datum van de betaalbaarstelling is de datum waarop de biedprijs ter overboeking beschikbaar komt aan de aandeelhouder die het bod heeft geaccepteerd. 27x Zolang en voor zover de uitkoopprijs niet is betaald, wordt hij verhoogd met de wettelijke rente, van de peildatum tot de overdracht, zie art. 2:359c lid 6 BW, zevende zin, en Asser/Maeijer, & 2-II* 2009/688. Er valt veel te zeggen voor deze benadering. Het moment dat zeker is dat de bieder over een 95%-belang gaat beschikken, en ontvankelijk wordt in de bijzondere uitkoopprocedure, is doorgaans het moment waarop de bieder het bod gestand heeft gedaan. 28x De bieder zal het bod alleen gestand doen als hij weet dat hij een 95%-belang kan verkrijgen, eventueel na het toepassen van zogeheten (pre-wired) back end-structuren. Op de motieven wanneer en waarom de bieder een bod gestand zal doen, de voorwaarden waaronder dat gebeurt, en de juridische instrumenten die daarbij gebruikt worden, kan in dit artikel niet worden ingegaan. Zie hiervoor o. a. 2017, hoofdstuk 1 (par. 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal procedures related to bidding and acquisition in a business context rather than addressing cultural legends or mythology, such as those concerning Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: f, g Decision curve analysis indicates the substantial clinical utility of the nomogram by evaluating the net benefits at different threshold probabilitiesFull size imageDiscussionThis large-scale survey explored the association between shift work, SWSD, and the risk of premature ejaculation (PE) among Chinese male shift workers. The results suggest that men engaged in shift work, particularly those suffering from SWSD, are more likely to report issues of PE. Combining the results of this study with findings from previous studies, we hypothesize that metabolic alterations, causing mental and psychological disorders, and affecting central neurotransmitter secretion may be potential pathways through which shift work affects premature ejaculation. Shift work-related metabolic alterations, this study found that men who worked shift work and suffered from SWSD were more likely to have diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and be overweight compared to non-shift working men and that these problems were more severe in shift men with comorbid premature ejaculation. This may be related to shift work workers' irregular diet and frequent late-night snacking. In addition, the altered circadian rhythms and irregular diets associated with shift work and SWSD affect insulin and glucagon secretion, disturbing metabolic homeostasis and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders [16, 25, 26], which are risk factors for premature ejaculation [18]. Our survey indicates that there are fewer middle-aged and older men in shift work and suffering from SWSD, suggesting that younger individuals are the main workforce engaged in shift work; however, the health of these younger workers should also be a matter of concern. Shift work-related psychiatric and psychological disorders, our findings suggest that men who work shifts and suffer from SWSD are more likely to experience depression and anxiety. Previous studies have also found that shift work and SWSD-induced sleep problems can increase the risk of anxiety and depression [27]. Anxiety and depression are risk factors for premature ejaculation [15]. In addition, lifestyle changes due to shift work may also lead to sleep desynchronization and sexual irregularities between partners, further increasing the risk of premature ejaculation. Shift work-associated central neurotransmitter alterations, circadian rhythm changes, and sleep disturbances caused by shift work and SWSD may also interfere with the secretion of a variety of neurotransmitters closely associated with premature ejaculation (including 5-HT, dopamine, GABA, and glutamate) [28, 29]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how shift work and Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) contribute to various metabolic health issues, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. It states that these metabolic alterations can disturb homeostasis, affecting insulin and glucagon secretion and, ultimately, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This evidence aligns directly with the claim that shift work can negatively impact metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Genome-wide association study combined with biological context can reveal more disease-related SNPs altering microRNA target seed sites 0. 05 (odds ratio (OR) ranged from 1. 1 to 2. 4). Moreover, host genes of susceptible in each of the 11 GWAS dataset shared biological context with reported causal genes. There were 286 identified by our method, while only 13 SNPs were identified by multiple-testing corrections with a given threshold of 1 × 10−5, which is a common cutoff used in GWAS. 27 out of the 286 candidate SNPs have been reported to be deleterious while only 2 out of 13 multiple-testing corrected SNPs were documented in PubMed. MicroRNA-mRNA interactions affected by the 286 candidate SNPs were likely to present negatively correlated expression. These SNPs introduced greater alternation of binding free energy than other especially when grouping by haplotypes (4210 vs. 4105 cal/mol by mean, 9781 vs. 8521 cal/mol by mean, respectively). are promising disease biomarkers in multiple GWAS datasets. The method of integrating GWAS p-value and biological context is stable and effective for selecting candidate causal it reduces the loss of sensitivity compared to multiple-testing corrections. The 286 candidate causal provide researchers a credible source to initialize their design of experimental validations in the future. BackgroundMicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs ~22 nt which are involved in key biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and metabolism [1, 2]. Aberrant expression level of microRNAs has been demonstrated to be associated with common diseases and human cancers [3, 4]. MicroRNAs achieve their biological function by binding to mature mRNAs and decreasing the expression level of target mRNAs in most cases. Mechanisms behind microRNA target recognition have been well-studied, and the most stable feature is the nucleotides 2–8 in 5′-end of microRNAs, which is so-called ‘seed’ region. Normally, seed region of a microRNA exactly matches to the complementary sequence in 3′UTR of its target mRNA, which is usually called ‘microRNA recognition element seed site’ (MRESS) following Watson-Crick base pairing. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific details regarding genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealing disease-related SNPs and their implications for disease biomarkers. It emphasizes the complexity of gene interactions and their biological context, suggesting that while genetic changes can inform disease mechanisms, they do not imply that all diseases can be eradicated solely through genome alteration.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 3) en voetnoot 52. De peildatum is het moment dat het economische risico van eventuele waardedalingen of -stijgingen overgaat van de minderheidsaandeelhouders op de bieder. In de periode tussen de gestanddoening van het bod en het eindarrest in de uitkoopprocedure heeft de bieder overwegende zeggenschap over de doelvennootschap. De waarde van de doelvennootschap kan als gevolg daarvan wijzigen, bijvoorbeeld door synergie-effecten en een herstructurering. 29x (OK) 7 juli 2015, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2015:2775, ARO 2015/178 (Unit4), r. o. 3. 16. Op 22 december 2023 heeft de de Unit4-benadering van de OK bevestigd. In dit arrest oordeelt de tevens dat deze benadering niet strijdig is met art. 1 HR 22 december 2023, ECLI:NL:HR:2023:1824, JOR 2024/29. De OK geeft dit als rechtvaardiging voor het kiezen van de peildatum, maar deze effecten spelen niet altijd. De doelvennootschap zal bijv. niet per definitie op voornoemde wijze veranderen bij een overname door een financiële partij. Doordat na het bod de waarde van de onderneming kan schommelen, kiest de OK vanuit proceseconomisch perspectief voor een peildatum die tot zo min mogelijk complicaties leidt bij het vaststellen van de uitkoopprijs. Waardestijging van de doelvennootschap leidt namelijk niet meer tot een hogere uitkoopprijs (zie verder par. 5. 2). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal and economic concepts related to corporate governance and valuation, without any mention of legends, folklore, or creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: Moreover, these neurotransmitters also play an important role in sleep regulation, and thus, there may be a mutual regulatory relationship between them [21, 30]. In addition, shift work and SWSD may also affect steroid hormone changes in the body [31], increase the risk of hypogonadism [10], and even impair erectile function in men [11]. These biological changes may directly or indirectly affect the development of premature ejaculation. Ssleep duration and the duration of engaging in shift work are also significant factors affecting PE. Our study also found that compared with non-shift men, shift and SWSD men had shorter average daily sleep duration, and men who slept less than six hours per day had a significantly increased risk of PE. A representative national survey from the found that nocturnal workers had shorter sleep durations compared to daytime workers and were more likely to experience sleep disorders [32]. Additionally, our research found that the risk of PE increases correspondingly with the duration of shift work engagement, with the differences manifesting after one year of shift work. This may imply an inability of males to adapt to the circadian changes imposed by shift work, as the risk for various factors associated with PE, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and psychological disturbances, also seems to increase with the duration of shift work [7]. Therefore, we recommend that shift workers ensure adequate sleep, maintain regular eating habits, and foster a positive mental outlook to mitigate the occurrence of SWSD. Should symptoms of SWSD arise, they should promptly adjust their sleeping and working schedules, seeking medical assistance when necessary, to reduce the overall physical and psychological damage induced by shift work. Overall, shift work and SWSD may influence the occurrence of premature ejaculation through direct or indirect pathways. Admittedly, there are some limitations to this study; firstly, we used the SWSD questionnaire to assess participants’ sleep quality, and although this questionnaire has been validated in several studies [1, 3, 32], it may still lack accuracy compared to objective polysomnographic monitoring results. Second, our study did not take into account the potential impact of chemical and physical factors to which we are exposed during work and differences in shift work periods on premature ejaculation. Finally, this was a large-scale cross-sectional survey study, and more well-designed prospective studies are needed in the future to further validate our findings. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various negative consequences of shift work, such as its influence on sleep duration and the development of conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Specifically, it notes that 'the risk for various factors associated with PE, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, endocrine and metabolic disorders,' increases with the duration of shift work. This indicates a clear link between shift work and negative impacts on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: SNPs in both microRNA seed region and 3′can interfere with target recognition, either by eliminating/impairing/consolidating an existing microRNA-mRNA interaction or by creating a new interaction. However, in view of the observations that one microRNA can regulate hundreds of mRNAs and one mRNA may have multiple microRNA target sites in its 3′UTR [5–7], SNPs residing in the 3′should be the more common genetic factor affecting the binding between microRNAs and mRNAs. Allele-specific mRNA expression induced by is proved to be associated with several diseases and cancers: Nicoloso et al. [8] observed genotype AG carriers of rs334348 G > A suffered higher risk of breast cancer (AG vs. AA, OR = 1. 69, p = 0. 048), whereas rs334348 located in a MRESS of miR-628-5p in 3′UTR of the TGFBR1 gene and G-allele consolidates target-binding. Expression level of TGFBR1 protein degraded after transfecting of miR-628-5p and differed by genotype of rs334348 (50% and 20% for GG and AA respectively, p = 0. 006). Wang et al. [9] reported rs12720208 C > T in a MRESS of miR-433 in the 3′UTR of FGF20 gene as a causal SNP of Parkinson’s disease (risk allele: T, p = 0. 0019). Risk allele T can introduce a G:U wobble in the binding site and impair target binding. They transfected luciferase reporter gene combined with 3′UTR of FGF20 into Neuro2A cells that expressed miR-433, and observed a ‘dramatically’ reduction of luciferase signal for reporter gene with C-allele while reporter gene with T-allele did not. Pathological analysis reveals positive correlation between expression level of FGF20 and α-Synuclein, whereas overexpression of α-Synuclein is previously reported to cause PD, which implies pathogenesis of the T-allele is to abolish the interaction between FGF20 gene and miR-433 thus lead to up-regulation of α-Synuclein. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing specific genetic mechanisms, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that may influence disease susceptibility, rather than guaranteeing eradication of all diseases through genomic alteration. It highlights that one microRNA can regulate multiple mRNAs and describes complex interactions that can lead to diseases like breast cancer and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that simply altering the genome may not directly equate to disease eradication.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 30x Duynstee & 2017, p. 175-176. 3 De ratio achter het billijke prijsvermoeden 3. 1 Het draait om marktappreciatie en enthousiasme Wanneer een openbaar bod op grote schaal wordt aanvaard, vindt kennelijk een overgrote meerderheid van de aandeelhouders de biedprijs een billijke prijs. Met billijke prijs bedoel ik hier de prijs die een fair market value vertegenwoordigt en die de hypothetische meest biedende, onafhankelijke koper betaalt. 31x D. J. F. F. M. Duynstee & T. Drenth, Kroniek uitkoopregeling 2015-2021, Ondernemingsrecht 2022/70, p. 479. Andersom is het zo dat de biedprijs blijkbaar te laag is en volgens de markt geen juiste weerspiegeling van de waarde van de onderneming betreft, wanneer relatief weinig aandeelhouders op het bod zijn ingegaan. 32x De OK bevestigt deze zienswijze in (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 13-3. 15. Olden drukt het uit in enthousiasme: het billijke prijsvermoeden is een maat voor het enthousiasme waarmee het bod is aanvaard; dat zegt iets over de biedprijs. 33x P. D. Olden, annotatie bij (OK) 12 januari 2010, JOR 2010/62 (Tele Atlas). De gedachte is: de meest betrouwbare waarderingsmethode is het meten van het aandeelhoudersenthousiasme voor de biedprijs. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses concepts related to market appreciation, shareholding enthusiasm, and price valuation in a business context, without any reference to cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: AbstractBackgroundWorking outside normal daytime hours is increasing worldwide and is now one of the most widespread potential carcinogenic occupational exposures. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals that light exposure during the biologic night increases tumour growth and limited epidemiologic evidence that night shift-work cause breast cancer. Existing studies had crude definitions of shift-work and did not discriminate between shift-work systems (e. g. permanent versus rotating or evening versus night). MethodsWe performed an interview based nested case–control study within a nationwide cohort of Danish nurses, including detailed information on lifetime shift-work and potential confounders. Cases of primary breast cancer (n=310) were identified from the nationwide Registry. Four control nurses were selected for each case by incidence density sampling. Odds rations (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. FindingsOverall, nurses who worked rotating shifts after midnight had a significantly increased OR (1. 8; CI 1. 2–2. 8) for breast cancer compared to nurses with permanent day work. No association was found in a small group of nurses with evening work and no night work (OR=0. 9; 0. 4–1. 9). The subgroup of nurses with periods of permanent night shift in addition to rotating night and day shifts experienced an OR of 2. 9 (1. 1–8. 0). For nurses working after midnight compared to nurses never ending work before midnight, OR in the third tertile of cumulative number of shifts was 2. 2 (1. 5–3. 2). In an analysis of different rotating shift systems, the highest OR (2. 6; 1. 8–3. 8) was observed for long-term day–night rotating shifts. InterpretationThe results provide further evidence that night shift-work may increase the risk for breast cancer and suggest that the largest impact on risk is associated with the most disruptive shifts. FundingSociety and of Research. KeywordsShift-workBreast cancerNursesShift systemsEpidemiology1 IntroductionFrom ancient times all species ranging from cyanobacteria to humans have been organised around the 24h rhythm given by the rotation of the earth around the sun. In mammals, including humans, many biochemical and physiological processes, e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by presenting evidence that night shift-work, particularly among nurses, significantly increases the odds ratios for breast cancer, suggesting adverse health effects associated with shift work. The statement 'the largest impact on risk is associated with the most disruptive shifts' implies that working outside normal daytime hours can negatively affect health, aligning with the claim about the impact of shift work on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: About 60% of protein-coding genes are putative microRNA targets [10] and millions of MRESSs may reside in 3′UTR of these genes, which makes exhaustively experimental validation for the causality of impractical. Some researchers have tried using genome-wide association study (GWAS) to solve this problem, taking advantage of its ability to detect susceptibility of hundreds of thousands of SNPs simultaneously. Richardson et al. [11] identified 87 in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r2 > 0. 8) with a collection of highly susceptible SNPs (p ≤ 1 × 10−5) in catalog [12]. Significance of the observation was 1. 08 × 10−23. Further analysis provided microRNA-mRNA co-expression evidence for 39 of these and 11 were also supported by eQTL mapping. Thomas et al. [13] proposed a method to score the effect of basing on a two-step SVM classifier and took haplotype into account. They linked scored to 2112 top-ranking SNPs from a GWAS of breast cancer by LD and observed positive correlation between effect score and LD degree. Liu et al. [14] developed an online database to annotate predicted. They searched a list of 7705 susceptible SNPs obtained by a GWAS of schizophrenia against the collected by their database. Three meet stringent significance threshold of p ≤ 1. 0 × 10−5, which indicated true positive association existed in MRESS. Despite the achievements have obtained in previous studies, limitations still remain to be improved. Existing methods only focus on the subset of with p-value less than a stringent multiple-testing corrections threshold (usually p ≤ 1 × 10−5) in GWAS datasets in order to control false positive results. However, many true positive results will be eliminated in exchange. In addition, biological context of such as the pathogenesis of their host genes and corresponding microRNAs have been neglected. with just an extremely significant p-value or a high effect score does not necessarily work by interfering with microRNA targeting. Similarly, a that disrupts target recognition may not be very striking in statistics. Moreover, previous studies covered only a few GWAS datasets (no more than 3 datasets) at a time. The feasibility of selecting causal by GWAS analysis (say p-value or odds ratio) still needs to be tested under more GWAS datasets. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of existing genetic research methods like genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It highlights that despite significant findings, there are pitfalls in solely relying on statistical significance, and many true positive results may be overlooked due to strict thresholds. It emphasizes that biological context and the complexity of gene interactions are often neglected in genomic studies, indicating that merely altering the human genome may not guarantee the eradication of diseases.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Als daar geen duidelijkheid uit komt, kan de OK deskundigen benoemen die berichten omtrent de waarde van de aandelen. De grens wanneer het bod op grote schaal is aanvaard, is door de Europese wetgever – redelijk arbitrair34x In de algemene uitkoopprocedures wordt het bod namelijk door de OK geacht op grote schaal te zijn aanvaard bij lagere aanmeldpercentages. Zie bijv. (OK) 28 oktober 2008, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2008:BG3438, ARO 2008/178 (Numico), r. o. 3. 13, aanmeldpercentage: 89,1%; (OK) 21 december 2010, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2010:BO9265, ARO 2011/16 (Smit Internationale), r. o. 3. 12, aanmeldpercentage: 84,45%; (OK) 14 juli 2015, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2015:2897, ARO 2015/200 (Nutreco), r. o. 3. 10, aanmeldpercentage: 82%; zie verder par. 5. 4. – vastgesteld op 90%. 35x Art. 15 lid 5 van Richtlijn 2004/25/EG. Het voorstel om het billijke prijsvermoeden te laten gelden vanaf het 90%-criterium komt uit de commissie-Winter. De commissie-Winter was een commissie van deskundigen op het gebied van het ondernemingsrecht die de adviseerde over de modernisering van het Europees vennootschapsrecht, resulterende in de dertiende EG-richtlijn. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses regulatory procedures and legal matters related to corporate law in Europe, without any mention of cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: hormone secretion, cell cycle, apoptosis and gene expression, are entrained to the regular 24h rhythm by daily periods of light exposure from dawn to dusk, and darkness in the period in between. 1 Such rhythms are disrupted during periods of shift-work,2 including work during evening, night and early morning, and thereby rapid change of timing of light exposure, dietary pattern and sleep/wake cycle, some of which may be involved in carcinogenicity. 1 Shift-work is increasing due to the demands of the 24-h society and night-shifts occur now in 10% to 20% of the workforce. 3In 2007, the for Research on Cancer concluded: ‘shift-work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A)’. 4 This finding was based on evidence that was deemed ‘sufficient’ in animals and ‘limited’ for human breast cancer. Earlier epidemiologic studies supported an association,5 and there is an emerging understanding of biological mechanisms that could account for a causal relationship,3,6 however, the epidemiology is limited in two ways: there are fewer than 20 pertinent studies,6 and the previously used definitions of shift work are crude and not directly comparable. 3More high-quality studies in humans are required before a more definite conclusion can be reached about whether shift-work causes breast cancer and, if so, which aspects of shift-work are most problematic. We report here the results of a nested case–control study of nurses in Denmark in which detailed information was collected on the length and frequency of work in various shift systems, including day, permanent night and rotating between day, evening and night. 2 MethodsAn interview-based case–control study was nested within an established national cohort of 91,140 female members of the Association, covering over 95% of nurses in Denmark. 7 Information on all nurses is computerised on the basis of their unique personal identification number, which includes the date of birth and sex, and is assigned to all residents of Denmark by the Register. 8 This number can be used to obtain updated computerised information on e. g. vital status, date of death, immigration and current address. This number is also the key identifier for cancer diagnoses in the nationwide Registry, initiated in 1942. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how shift work can disrupt regular rhythms in hormone secretion, sleep/wake cycles, and dietary patterns, all of which could negatively impact metabolic health. It mentions that 'shift-work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans' and emphasizes the need for more high-quality studies to understand the implications of shift work on health, thereby aligning with the concern that shift work can be detrimental to metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Here, we proposed a method which integrated GWAS p-value, gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathogenesis of human disease to select causal without performing multiple-testing corrections. The method was applied to 12 GWAS datasets covering 11 common diseases and cancers of human. Results demonstrated are active disease regulators in most of the GWAS datasets. Literature-based causality query, co-expression evidence and alternation of binding free energy also proved that our method is plausible. Finally, a list of 286 candidate causal with adequate credibility was provided for further experimental validation. About 90% of them were newly reported. Results and discussionMRESSs in 3′UTR of coding-mRNAs are under purifying selectionEvolutionary conserved regions are thought to be functional, and the conservation of microRNA targets has been reported [10]. Previous studies always compared the SNP density of MRESSs with their flanking region, but horizontal comparison between MRESS and other mRNA region, such as CDS, has not been implemented. Moreover, they took all SNPs into account at a time. However, common SNPs (minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0. 01) and rare SNPs (MAF < 0. 01) affected human diseases in different patterns [15, 16]. It’s more rational to calculate the density of these two kinds of SNPs separately. We collected experimentally validated microRNA-mRNA interactions from miRecord [17] and mirTarbase [18], and predicted their MRESSs in 3′UTR by TargetScan6. 1 [19]. were thought to be adequately credible. Then, we mapped genomic coordinates of all the bi-allelic SNPs in dbSNP135 to that of the predicted MRESSs and thus calculated SNP density. We detected 312 in total, comprising of 212 SNPs lacking population frequency, 54 common SNPs and 46 rare SNPs (Of note, SNPs with <100 observed chromosomes were considered as lacking frequency data since they cannot accurately generate MAF value to differentiate common and rare SNPs). Distinct results emerged for common SNPs and rare SNPs after comparison of SNP density in different mRNA regions (Figure 1). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a method that investigates the role of genetic factors in diseases, suggesting that while targeting genetic components may provide insights into disease regulation, it does not directly support the notion that all diseases can be eradicated through genomic alteration. The focus is on identifying causal genes and the distinction between common and rare SNPs affecting diseases, rather than asserting that altering the genome can eliminate all diseases.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: Opvallend is dat de commissie-Winter in haar rapport een duidelijke rechtvaardiging geeft voor het vaststellen van de ontvankelijkheidsgrens op een percentage tussen de 90 en 95%, maar niet voor het 90%-criterium; Group of Experts (commissie-Winter), Report on issues related to takeover bids, Brussel 10 januari 2002, p. 60-66. Zie voor een uitgebreidere historie Salemink 2014, par. 3. 3. Het bestaan van het billijke prijsvermoeden wordt ook gerechtvaardigd doordat de eiser binnen een korte termijn na gestanddoening de minderheidsaandeelhouders moet dagvaarden. In die periode kan de waarde van de onderneming niet veel schommelen. De gedachte hierbij is dat de biedprijs na een langere tijd dan drie maanden geen goede graadmeter meer is voor het aandeelhoudersenthousiasme, waardoor voor de waardering van de onderneming, en daarmee de prijs van de aandelen, niet bij de biedprijs kan worden aangesloten. 36x 2006/07, 30419, C, p. 10; P. M. Storm, Corporate litigation bij de Ondernemingskamer, Den Haag: uitgevers 2014, p. 340; Asser/Maeijer, & 2-II* 2009/695. Dat is mijns inziens óók een van de redenen waarom de peildatum aansluit bij de dag van betaalbaarstelling onder het bod. 37x P. M. Storm, Corporate litigation bij de Ondernemingskamer, Den Haag: Boom juridisch 2018, p. 613. 4 De maatman-aandeelhouder tegenover de WAP-aandeelhouder 4. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses a report related to corporate litigation and legal criteria, with no mention of legends, creatures, or cultural beliefs. Hence, it does not support or contradict the claim about Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Shift work can negatively impact metabolic health. [SEP] Text: 411. 4Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)32. 430. 8 Other shifts (years)Ever (%)34Range0–70–34Mean1. 01. 4Mean proportion of cumulated work (%)0. 61. 1Table 2Work schedule characteristics of Danish nurses (born 1933–1970). Open table in a new tabTable 3 shows the odds ratios for breast cancer by different shift-work systems, including length and cumulative numbers. Overall, 239 cases (91%) and 848 controls (82%) had ever experienced a period of non-day work for at least 1year. The adjusted odds ratio for after midnight shifts without permanent night shifts was 1. 8 (95% CI, 1. 2–2. 8), whereas the odds ratio amongst nurses having ever had permanent night shifts in addition to rotation night shifts was 2. 9 (95% CI, 1. 1–8. 0). The small group having ever had evening shift but never night shift experienced an OR of 0. 9 (95% CI, 0. 4–1. 9) when compared with permanent day workers. Nurses working graveyard shifts, where the reference group consisted of nurses who have never had after midnight work for over a year, showed some tendency of increasing odds ratios both with duration and cumulative numbers. Thus, about twofold significantly increased odds ratios were observed within the most extreme category with both shift-work metrics. The highest odds ratio was associated with long-term day–night shift work (OR, 2. 6; 95% CI, 1. 8–3. 8). For the majority of nurses who had experienced day–evening–night work for ⩾733 shifts, the odds ratio was 1. 9 (95% CI, 1. 1–3. 3). For day–evening work, which is a shift system anticipated to result in the least disruption of circadian rhythm, only a modest non-significantly increase in odds ratio was seen. Shift-work systemCases (n=267)Controls (n=1035)ORa95% CIORb95% CIDay, evening and night shifts (permanent and rotating)OverallPermanent day, never evening or night281871Reference1ReferenceEver evening shift, never night9650. 90. 4–2. 20. 90. 4–1. 9Ever after midnight rotating shift, never permanent night2127391. 91. 2–3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides evidence supporting the claim that shift work can negatively impact health by discussing the odds ratios for different shift systems and their association with breast cancer among nurses. The mention of increased odds ratios for those involved in night and rotating shifts suggests a detrimental effect of such work schedules on health, reinforcing the claim about negative impacts of shift work on metabolic health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All diseases can be eradicated by altering the human genome. [SEP] Text: Reported diseases associated with these 11 were highly concordant with those associated with their microRNA-mRNA interactions (Table 1), which supported our assumption that can interfere with microRNA-regulated human diseases. Figure 2Schematic diagram for the construction of the microRNA-gene-disease three-way interactions. Ways to build up relationships between any 2 of the 3 elements are marked above the double-headed arrows. If a microRNA and a gene share the same related disease, we believe that their interaction is also associated with the disease, and any factor such as that can interfere with this interaction is highly susceptible. Full size imageTable 1 Comparison of the reported diseases between 11 validated and their corresponding interactions Full size tableGWAS analysis reveals enrichment of in susceptible variantsExperimentally validated microRNA-mRNA interactions account for only a small part of the real relationships. So we performed a genome-wide target prediction to identify more possible in 3′UTR of protein-coding mRNAs. We predicted MRESS for both wild type and mutant type 3′UTR sequences and divided all of them into 7mer (1–7), 7mer (2–8), 8mer-1a and 8mer sites by the patterns of seed match. conserved between human and mice were retained to limit false positive interactions. Finally, 150,301 3′embedded in predicted MRESSs were classified according to their contributions to the interactions (Table 2). Table 2 Classification of the 150,301 predicted size tableTo evaluate the effects of these predicted on human diseases, we downloaded the analytical results of 12 GWAS datasets of European-ancestry populations covering 11 human diseases and cancers. We utilized the ‘proxy search’ tool provided by SNAP database [21] to select GWAS-SNPs having high LD with the predicted in CEU population, then assigned the p-values of GWAS-SNPs to their corresponding as measurement of susceptibility. Finally, a total number of 12,892 predicted were mapped to at least one GWAS-SNP in any of the 12 datasets and presented in subsequent analysis. According to the hypothesis of ‘common disease, common variant’, common diseases are polygenic diseases manipulated by multiple common variants embedded in coding or regulatory regions. Therefore the effect size of a single causative variant should be modest [22]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexity of human diseases and stating that common diseases are polygenic, meaning they are influenced by multiple variants, and that the effect size of a single causative variant should be modest. This implies that simply altering the human genome is unlikely to eradicate all diseases due to their multifactorial nature.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some cultures have legends of creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster. [SEP] Text: 1 De meetlat van de maatman-aandeelhouder De vraag die centraal staat bij het 90%-criterium is of alle aandeelhouders die hun aandelen onder het bod hebben aangemeld mee mogen tellen voor het voldoen aan dat criterium. Daarvoor is vereist dat in de aanmelding van een aandeelhouder daadwerkelijk steun voor de biedprijs kan worden gelezen. 38x Reesink was daar minder aandacht voor, zie bijv. (OK) 20 december 2011, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2011:BV2310, JOR 2012/43 (Draka), r. o. 3. 10; (OK) 21 februari 2012, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2012:BV7343, JOR 2012/144 (Crucell), r. o. 3. 14. Dat is namelijk de ratio achter het prijsvermoeden. Alleen aandeelhouders die slechts hun belang in de doelvennootschap verkopen tegen de biedprijs mogen daarom meetellen. Dus: de geïnformeerde verkopende aandeelhouder die zijn belang verkoopt omdat hij vindt dat de biedprijs de prijs is die de hypothetische meest biedende, onafhankelijke koper bereid is te betalen voor het aandeel. 39x Kamerstukken II 2005/06, 30419, nr. 3, p. 49; (OK) 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2017:1203, ARO 2017/139 (I), r. o. 3. 15; F. W. C. Blom, Uitkoop van minderheidsbelangen: tegen welke prijs? , NV 1990, afl. 6, p. 166; P. C. van den Hoek, De uitkoopregeling van aandelen, 1990, afl. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim. It discusses legal concepts related to shareholder actions, which do not pertain to cultural legends or creatures like Bigfoot and the Loch Ness Monster.