Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban forests require no maintenance or care once established. [SEP] Text: Hence the next maintenance planning task would be identification of those components that will require replacement inside of the predicted design life period. This would be followed by identification of those components that require maintenance, either in order to ensure they last the life of the building or to extend the period before the advent of an inevitable replacement point. Hence analysis of components should identify within the building's design life which components are lifelong, requiring replacement, maintainable or any combination of these other than replaceable and lifelong. This will identify the components to be included in cyclical maintenance tasks, the components that need to be assessed for just-in-time replacement and those for which maintenance is undertaken purely on a reactive-only basis. sub-divided the building into its components, and decided upon what requires being included in cyclical maintenance and what requires predictive replacement, it is essential to understand the durability limits of each component or the predicted service life of a manufactured component. This is effectively how long a component will give acceptable levels of service before it needs maintenance or replacement. Once again these periods are very much linked to the design life of the building. Data on durability can be gained from the building's historical data, scientific test data, manufacturer's data or available published durability information. Clearly the former taken from previous performance on the subject building is perhaps the most valid, which stresses the need for rigorous record keeping in the maintenance process, again an issue of maintenance operation that sits outside the remit of this piece. When assessing durability, particularly by not using historical data, patterns of usage need to be established. Many components fail directly through use, and as such some components could fail up to three times quicker during the 24 hours usage patterns rather than under an 8-hours-per-day usage pattern. The reverse could however be true if usage patterns are very low and the building spends long periods unused, unheated and unventilated. Changes in usage patterns can destroy the validity of an existing maintenance plan and need to be factored in at an early stage of the change. Climatic conditions, inherent defects and design features in the building as well as user habits can change design durability data in a real life situation. Perhaps however of greatest importance is the perception of the building owners, clients, in respect of the point that performance is perceived as becoming unacceptable. These variables, which require to be factored in for a maintenance plan to be truly bespoke, are vital in the decision-making process. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the necessity of maintenance and replacement planning for building components. It emphasizes that certain components require ongoing maintenance, replacement, or assessment based on their predicted service life, which indicates that care is necessary over time, opposing the idea that urban forests need no maintenance once established.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: musculus)MC3T3-E1, subclone 4-2593Cell lines (H. sapiens)hBMSC#1-500–012Cell lines (H. sapiens)hBMSC#2LonzaPT-2501Commercial assay or kit-7028Commercial assay or kitTMB stop solutionKPL95059–198Commercial assay or kit95059–282Commercial assay or kitHBSS, without Calcium and MagnesiumCorning21022CVCommercial assay or kitHBSS, with Calcium and MagnesiumCorning21023CVCommercial assay or kitCleanCap Cas9 m-7206Commercial assay or kitMEGAshortscript T7 Transcription KitAmbionAM1354Commercial assay or kit-Up KitAmbionAM1908Commercial assay or kitEDTA-free CocktailSigma-Aldrich11 836 170 001Commercial assay or kit32106Commercial assay or kit18080044Commercial assay or kit1007201Commercial assay or kit1007001Commercial assay or kit1007101Commercial assay or kit8007Commercial assay or kit8009Commercial assay or kitRat/kitImmunodiagnostic SystemsAC-33F1Commercial assay or kitNuclear/KitBiovisionK266OtherFetal bovine serumSigma-AldrichF2442Other100x solutionHyCloneSV3001OtherDMEM, low glucoseGibco11885084OtherDMEM, high glucoseGibcoD5671 Author response table 1 RNA-seq analysis of LepR+ cells from non-irradiated bone marrow as well as hematopoietic cells and unfractionated cells from irradiated bone marrow (which are high in adipocytes). Itga11 is poorly expressed in adipocyte-rich bone marrow cells after irradiation (all data represent average FPKM values from multiple replicates). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding genetic markers and inheritance patterns. It primarily includes a list of various cell lines and commercial assays, along with RNA-seq analysis details related to bone marrow and adipocytes, which are unrelated to tracing inheritance patterns in populations.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: Information • About the Journal •• Table of Contents • • • • • 15. Issue 1 : 015010400003 transcriptomic analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp and adipose tissues Terunuma A1,2, Ashiba K1, Takane T1, Sakaguchi Y1, Terunuma H1,2,3 in full: Atsushi Terunuma1,2, Keisuke Ashiba1, Tsubasa Takane1, Yosuke Sakaguchi1, Hiroshi Terunuma1,2,3 1 of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 2Tokyo Clinic, Tokyo, Japan, 3doi:10. 46582/jsrm. 1501003 Citation:. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp and adipose tissues. J 2019; 15(1) :8-11. doi:10. 46582/jsrm. 1501003 Abstract Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various human tissues. Although they share cardinal stem cell features of self-renewal and multi-potency, they also seem to possess distinct characteristics depending on the tissue types they originated from. When developing stem cell-based therapies, MSCs with the most desirable characteristics should be chosen. However, our knowledge on tissue type-specific characteristics of MSCs is limited. Here, we comparatively studied the gene expression profiles of MSCs from different tissue types, and predicted target diseases suitable for each type of MSCs. Methods: We harvested MSCs from human dental pulp and adipose tissue specimens and subjected them to gene expression microarray analysis. Characteristic gene expression signatures of the MSCs from each tissue type were identified using gene-annotation enrichment analysis. Results: Dental pulp-derived MSCs exhibited gene expression signatures of neuronal growth, while adipose tissue-derived MSCs exhibited signatures of angiogenesis and hair growth. MSCs from each tissue type expressed a discrete set of genes encoding secretory peptides, which may function as paracrine factors. Conclusions: MSCs derived from different tissue types demonstrated distinct gene expression signatures, which are suggestive of target diseases in clinical applications of the MSCs and stem cell-conditioned media. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their characteristics, indicating their potential use in stem cell-based therapies aimed at clinical applications, which aligns with the concept of using stem cells in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. The abstract highlights that MSCs derived from various tissues can have distinct gene expression signatures that may correlate with specific target diseases, further implying their use in therapeutic contexts.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban forests require no maintenance or care once established. [SEP] Text: This can be known as the decision tree process, by which durability limits, and subsequently, maintenance and replacement durations are extended or decreased in reaction to user and usage patterns, exceptional physical conditions and client perception, in a tree diagram format (BSI, 1999), leading to an inevitable totally bespoke set of decisions. maintenance is mostly an economic function. The reasons for maintenance tend ultimately to lead back to issues such as monitory losses through customer dissatisfaction, avoidance of statutory redress through failure to meet a legal duty of care and regulatory standards, avoidance of larger replacement costs, avoidance of production down time or maintenance of asset values. In light of this commercial and legal consideration, a final assessment of individual maintenance tasks in terms of the impact of the assessed component falling below that critical point, where performance becomes unacceptable, is required. This takes the form of assessment of the consequence of such a fall. Such a performance failure may lead to potential loss of life or injury, a potential hazard to health, a costly consequential repair (Figure 4), an interruption to building usage, compromised building security, compromised statutory compliance or any other client perceived detraction (Figure 5). The usual method of undertaking this assessment is by using a prioritised list of consequences (BSI, 2000, Part 1). This list also would be bespoked in importance to the perceptions of the specific client. A bank would be more likely to rate compromised security higher than a less asset-rich building user. The consequence rating for a potential component failure may accelerate or reduce previously made decisions on maintenance patternsFigure 4Failure to maintain the paintwork has led to exposure and decay in the timber, thus accelerating the replacement date: a costly repair. Full size imageFigure 5Toilet missing its cover, would a client perceive this as being a still acceptable performance, due for maintenance with a new seat or a unit due for replacement with a modern style of fitting. Full size imageplanning is a client- and building-focused operation. Finding two buildings and clients with the exact same physical conditions, usage requirements and commercial perceptions would be a difficult process. A truly effective maintenance plan needs to be bespoked to the requirements of a specific client, the building, any exceptional physical site conditions, usage patterns and the predicted design life period for the building. A one size fits all spread sheet based approach to maintenance planning is, in the author's view, not a truly effective tool. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the necessity of maintenance and care in relation to urban forests. It outlines that maintenance is vital due to economic and legal considerations, and that performance failures from lack of maintenance can lead to severe consequences. The author emphasizes that a tailored maintenance plan is essential based on specific client needs and site conditions, which directly contradicts the notion that urban forests require no maintenance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Αρχική Πλοήγηση Επιστημονικό πεδίο Ημερομηνία Συγγραφέας Χώρα Γλώσσα Ίδρυμα Σχετικά με το ΕΑΔΔ Κατάθεση Διατριβής Συχνές Ερωτήσεις Κέντρο Υποστήριξης Χρηστών Επικοινωνία Ανοικτά Δεδομένα Είσοδος Εγγραφή Ξέχασα τον κωδικό A- A0 A+ | EN Γενετική ταυτοποίηση των αυτόχθονων πληθυσμών βοοειδών με τη χρήση μοριακών δεικτών Περίληψη Ο τοπικός πληθυσμός βοοειδών της Ελλάδας μοιάζει με τα βοοειδή που εκτρέφονται σε όλη τη Βαλκανική Χερσ� [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not provide any information about genetic markers or their use in tracing inheritance patterns. It primarily discusses genetic identification of local cattle populations without addressing the claim directly.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: By expanding the analysis to MSCs from a wide range of tissue types, and by employing multiple omics approaches, a catalogue of MSCs and therapeutic targets can be generated. Keywords: Transcriptome; Dental pulp; Adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play pivotal roles in repairing damaged tissues; they migrate to sites of tissue damage, secrete soluble factors in a paracrine fashion to enhance wound healing, and sometimes differentiate into certain cell types to reconstruct tissues. They also exert immunoregulatory effects to suppress aberrant immune responses. Because of these properties, MSCs have attracted much interest in translational research as a therapeutic tool. MSCs, as well as stem cell-conditioned media and exosomes contained therein, have been used to treat diverse disorders [1], including cerebral infarction [2], spinal cord injury [3-5], diabetes mellitus [6], obesity [7], atopic dermatitis [8], inflammatory bowel disease [9] and liver disorders [10]. Since the isolation of MSCs from bone marrow, MSCs have been harvested from various types of human tissues, including adipose tissue, dental pulp, and umbilical cord. By comparing MSCs from different tissue types, it is becoming apparent that MSCs are quite divergent. For instance, RNA sequencing revealed distinctively different gene expression profiles in MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and palatine tonsils [11]. Additionally, a recent proteomic study demonstrated discrete secretomes by comparing bone marrow-derived MSCs and dental tissue-derived MSCs [12]. For successful clinical application of MSCs, cells with the most desirable characteristics for treating a target disease should be chosen. sources Exfoliated deciduous teeth (n=6), permanent tooth (n=1), and adipose tissue from abdomen (n=2), buccal pad (n=2) and orbit (n=2) were obtained from healthy donors with written informed consent. Tissues were enzymatically processed and cells were cultured using MesenCult-XF (). Fetal fibroblasts WI-38 were obtained from (). Gene expression microarray Cultured cells were stored in RNAlater (Scientific, Tokyo, Japan) and total RNA was extracted using RKit (). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play pivotal roles in repairing damaged tissues, migrating to sites of tissue damage, and secreting factors that enhance wound healing. It further explains that MSCs can differentiate into certain cell types to reconstruct tissues, which directly supports the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Urban forests require no maintenance or care once established. [SEP] Text: This would appear to be a view advocated by the BSI whose original standard for maintenance planning BS7543 (1992), and its replacement code of practice ISO 15686-1 (2000), are both still invaluable guidance to the maintenance planner, looking for the elements required to produce that effective bespoke maintenance plan. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that maintenance planning standards, such as BS7543 and ISO 15686-1, provide crucial guidance for maintenance planners, suggesting that urban forests do indeed require care and maintenance after establishment.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: �νησο και αποτελείται από τον Βραχυκερατικό και τον Ποδολικό ή Στεππικό τύπο. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not mention genetic markers, inheritance patterns, or populations. The content provided seems to be an incomplete statement unrelated to the topic of genetics.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: Consistent with this idea, sine oculis homeobox (SIX) gene family members, whose spacial and temporal expression patterns are tightly regulated during the cranial development [13], were differently expressed between the buccal subgroup and other AT-hMSCs samples (Figure 1B). Figure 1: Gene expression profiles of DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSCs. A. DP-hMSCs from seven donors (D1-7; in the blue circle), AT-hMSCs from six donors (A1-6; in the orange circle), and one sample of fibroblasts (F1; in the green circle) are displayed in an MDS space. Note that the plots for A3 and A4 overlap. B. The heat map illustrates the relative expression values (high in red; low in blue) along with the readouts in each cell for sine oculis homeobox (SIX) gene family members (SIX1-5) in the six AT-hMSCs samples (A1-6). Distinct gene expression signatures in DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSbetween DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSCs were further investigated by identifying gene expression signatures characteristic of each group of cells using GAEA. DP-hMSCs were found to preferentially express genes involved in neuronal growth (Table 1, upper panel), consistent with the reported neurotrophic properties of DP-hMSCs [14]. Some of the signature genes encode secreted peptides, which may function as soluble neurotrophic factors when DP-hMSCs or their conditioned media are administered to patients in clinical applications (Supplementary Table). The expression levels of three representative genes for soluble neurotrophic factors (brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], neurotrophin 3 [NTF3], and bone morphogenetic protein 7 [BMP7]) are presented in Figure 2. Abundant supplies of the soluble neurotrophic factors by DP-hMSCs and their conditioned media may make them attractive therapeutic tools in treating spinal cord injury, for instance, as demonstrated in animal studies [15]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the therapeutic potential of DP-hMSCs (dermal papilla-derived human mesenchymal stem cells) in treating conditions like spinal cord injury. It mentions that these stem cells may release neurotrophic factors which could aid in tissue repair, aligning with the idea that stem cells are utilized in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every city resident equally benefits from urban green spaces. [SEP] Text: for Endangered Ground-Nathalie Baumann23, Chiara Catalano23, Salvatore Pasta24 & …Stephan Brenneisen23 Show authors Part of the book series: ((FUCI,)) 2819 Accesses 3 10. 1007/978-3-030-75929-2_28 AbstractCities are considered hotspots of biodiversity due to their high number of habitats such as ruderal areas, wastelands and masonry works hosting peculiar biocoenoses. Urban biodiversity represents a challenging and paradigmatic case for contemporary ecology and nature conservation because a clear distinction between nature reserves and anthropogenic lands is becoming obsolete. In this context, extensive green roofs may represent suitable habitat for ground-nesting birds and wild plants, providing suitable conditions occur. In this paper, case studies are used to show how existing extensive green roofs can be improved in order to make them function as replacement habitat for endangered ground-nesting birds. The setup of an uneven topography, combined with hay spreading and seed sowing, significantly enhanced the reproductive performance of the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), one of the most endangered ground-nesting birds in Switzerland. You have full access to this open access 1. 1 Roofs: Space for WildlifeThe rapid urban population growth and the consequent massive urbanisation are stressing our natural life-support system and negatively affecting global biodiversity. However, integrating conservation goals into urban planning might help to reduce this alarming trend and combat habitat loss and fragmentation (Müller and Werner 2010). Studies of species-habitat relationships of birds occurring in areas lost to urbanisation would inspire ecologically informed design. For example, Stagoll et al. (2010) showed the importance of keeping and implementing habitat structural complexity in urban and peri-urban green space (through tree regeneration, the creation of stepping-stone sites, etc. ) to support woodland birds. Green roofs can enhance urban biodiversity by providing suitable habitats for plants and animals, especially for those species which are able to cope with difficult conditions and mobile enough to reach the rooftops (Brenneisen 2003). However, the plant communities growing on green roofs are seldom planted or sown with the specific purpose of supporting biodiversity and plant assemblages and are rarely monitored to see how their composition, structure and functioning change over time (Catalano et al. 2016; Köhler 2006; Ksiazek-Mikenas et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing how urban green spaces, such as extensive green roofs, can provide habitats for certain species like ground-nesting birds, which suggests that the benefits of these spaces may not be equally experienced by all city residents. It emphasizes that the implementation and design of these green spaces must consider biodiversity, implying that not every resident benefits equally if specific ecological goals are prioritized over general human access and enjoyment.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα αναφέρθηκαν στην Ελλάδα οκτώ αυτόχθονες φυλές βοοειδών. Σήμερα, τέσσερις από αυτές θεωρούνται επισήμως εξαφανισμένες (Τήνου, Άνδρου, Χίου, Κέρκυρας), τρεις απειλούμενες (Βραχύκερατικής, Κατερίνης και Συκιάς) και μία (Κέας) σπάνια φυλή. Κατά την εισαγωγή των εξημερωμένων βοοειδών στην Ευρώπη, οι χώρες της Νοτιοανατολικής Μεσογείου και τα νότια Βαλκάνια έπαιξαν καθοριστικό ρόλο. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the status of native cattle breeds in Greece, mentioning their extinction and threatened status, but does not address genetic markers or inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: Table 1 Gene-annotation enrichment analysis on DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSCs. * Genes highlighted using blue or red letters are categorized as “secreted” for the subcellular locations in the Uni-ProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Their expression levels in 13 MSCs samples are presented in Figure 2: Representative genes differentially expressed between DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSCs. Expression levels of representative genes for DP-hMSCs (n=7; DP; light blue) and AT-hMSC (n=6; AT; yellow) are displayed. Note that the y-axes indicate the log2 values of arbitrary expression readouts. The q-values are based on the SAM analysis. BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; NTF3: neurotrophin 3; BMP7: bone morphogenetic protein 7; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; ANG: angiogenin; PGF: placental growth factor. AT-hMSCs preferentially expressed signature genes of angiogenesis (Table 1, lower panel; Supplementary Table), implying the potential therapeutic utility of AT-hMSCs to treat disorders that require an increased blood supply. Interestingly, some of the angiogenesis signature genes highly expressed in AT-hMSCs were known stimulatory factors for human hair growth. Such genes include hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [16], angiogenin (ANG) [17], and placental growth factor (PGF) [18]; their expression levels are displayed in Figure 2. Actually, we have been using the AT-hMSCs conditioned media at hair treatment clinics to successfully treat patients with androgenetic alopecia, female pattern alopecia, and alopecia areata. It is tempting to speculate that the effective therapeutic outcomes of the conditioned media are mediated at least in part by hair growth factors encoded by these genes. MSCs prepared from different tissue types displayed distinct molecular characteristics; DP-hMSCs demonstrated gene expression signatures of neuronal growth, while AT-hMSCs demonstrated that of angiogenesis. In designing stem cell-based therapeutic approaches, it would be reasonable to choose MSCs derived from one tissue type over others based on the gene expression characteristics. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing the potential therapeutic utility of adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (AT-hMSCs) in treating disorders that require an increased blood supply, suggesting their application in regenerative medicine. It specifically mentions the use of AT-hMSCs conditioned media in hair treatment clinics to treat hair loss conditions, indicating their application in a regenerative context.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every city resident equally benefits from urban green spaces. [SEP] Text: KeywordsGreen roofsUrban biodiversitySpecies introductionUrban meadowsData miningVegetation 1 Introduction2000 ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC is the backbone of the European ecological network. It mentions 231 habitat types, 71 of which are designated as priority conservation targets (1992, 2007). Despite the huge effort for mapping, surveying, monitoring and implementing conservation measures for the Sites of belonging to the Natura 2000 network (the large majority of them falling in national parks and nature reserves), less effort was put to develop sound ecological corridors connecting them (Biondi et al. 2012; Jongman et al. 2011). In the last decade, the started to promote nature-based solutions to contrast the erosion of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation and degradation, urban sprawl, resources depletion, the spread of invasive species, the reduction of ecosystem services and climate change (Bauduceau et al. 2015). With this regard, the construction and implementation of green infrastructure is a commonly adopted strategy to restore natural ecological processes and to implement the ecological network (Naumann et al. 2011). In landscape and urban planning, green infrastructure is conceived as (Department for Communities and 2012: 52): […] a network of multi-functional green spaces, urban and rural, which is capable of delivering a wide range of environmental and quality of life benefit for local communities. In urban areas, the concept of green networks was developed already at the beginning of the twentieth century with the idea to implement green belts to connect cities with the surrounding natural ecosystems and to provide recreational services (Jongman et al. 2004). Nowadays, when more than half of the world’s population lives in cities and urbanisation is considered to be one of the main causes of habitat and species losses, it is necessary to foster species survival but also their chances to move and disperse within the built environment (Müller and Werner 2010; Planchuelo et al. 2019). Given these premises, on the one hand, urban greenways and urban green infrastructure are gaining more attention by ecologists because of their species conservation relevance; on the other hand, planners and designers are increasingly willing to design with nature so to improve cities’ ability to support biodiversity whilst increasing citizens’ awareness and wellbeing (Hunter and Hunter 2008). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that the implementation of green infrastructure aims to deliver benefits for 'local communities,' suggesting that not every resident may benefit equally. The text discusses various ecological strategies and emphasizes species conservation and urban biodiversity, indicating that the benefits may not be distributed equally among residents, particularly considering that urban green spaces serve multiple functions including ecological and recreational services which may not equally benefit all demographic groups.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Οι ελληνικές φυλές βοοειδών προέρχονται από μια γεωγραφική περιοχή κοντά στο κέντρο της εξημέρωσης με μεσογειακό κλίμα. Η εκτροφή αυτών των φυλών χαρακτηρίζεται από την απουσία γενεαλογικών στοιχείων καθώς και καταγραφών παραγωγικών αποδόσεων και συνεπώς χαμηλή χρήση τεχνητής επιλογής. Ως επί το πλείστον διατρέφονται κατά το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του χρόνου σε υποβαθμισμένους ορεινούς βοσκοτόπους με ελλιπείς εγκαταστά. . . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the origins and breeding characteristics of Greek cattle breeds without mentioning genetic markers or tracing inheritance patterns. It specifically notes the lack of genealogical information and records, which does not support or contradict the claim about genetic markers.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: When treating cerebral infarction or spinal cord injury, for instance, DP-hMSCs should be chosen to take advantage of the neurotrophic properties. When treating ischemic limbs or hypoxia-induced disorders, on the other hand, AT-hMSCs would be a better choice. By expanding the study to MSCs from a wide range of tissue types, and by utilizing other analytical platforms such as proteomics, we can catalogue MSCs based on their molecular characteristics that are suggestive of target diseases in their clinical applications. Such studies, along with the development of bioassays to monitor the effects of MSCs, shall make it feasible to identify the MSCs most desirable for treating a disease of interest. of Sponsor (Tokyo, Japan); Technology and Engineering Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) Abbreviations used in the 12. . Adult stem cell therapy for stroke: challenges and progress. J Stroke. 2016;18(3):256-66. . Human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles modify microglial response and improve clinical outcomes in experimental spinal cord injury. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):480-91. . Intravenously delivered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes target M2-type macrophages in the injured spinal cord. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190358. . Continuous improvement after multiple mesenchymal stem cell transplantations in a patient with complete spinal cord injury. Cell Transplant. 2015;24(4):661-72. . Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol. 2017;59(3):R109-R120. . Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of longitudinal studies on preclinical evidence. Ther. 2018;13(6):466-75. . Exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate atopic dermatitis. Res Ther. 2018;9(1):187-91. . The immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium in chronic colitis. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(11):8754-66. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in various therapeutic applications, including treating cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury. It mentions the selection of DP-hMSCs and AT-hMSCs based on their properties, which suggests their role in repairing damaged tissues. Additionally, the text indicates the utility of MSCs in cataloging based on molecular characteristics linked to clinical applications, supporting the broader use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Nanotechnology will cure all diseases within the next decade. [SEP] Text: Books and journals Case studies Publish with us Advanced search Poorer half of the world can expect better health and prosperity within the next decade of : 0952-6862 2. Publisher: Copyright © 2001, half of the world can expect better health and prosperity within the next decade Edited by Poorer half of the world can expect better health and prosperity within the next decade A new report Health, a Key to Prosperity: in Developing Countries, jointly issued by the Organisation (WHO), the Children's Fund (), the Educational, Scientific and (), the on HIV/AIDS (), the (UNFPA) and the World Bank, claims that worsening and malaria epidemics are not inevitable. Many successful strategies have been deployed by several developing countries to turn back these diseases, and prevent the deaths they cause. The targets for reducing the toll of these illnesses, set by the world's leaders at successive summits over the last year, are feasible. The report says that what is needed are the funds and systems that will enable widespread implementation of actions that have shown to be effective. The report, issued in December 2000, outlines key factors for combating AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, childhood diseases and maternal and perinatal conditions, even in situations with poor resources. According to Harlem Brundtland, director general of WHO: The prospects of intervening to prevent death in developing countries have never been better. The evidence refutes those who doubt that the world's poorest communities can be protected from AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, childhood diseases and maternal mortality. With a concerted effort from the international community we can turn the promise of these success stories into a reality in the coming years. The publication of the report comes shortly after a meeting in Okinawa, Japan, on 7-8 December, where representatives from the "Group of Eight" countries agreed to scale up its global work to significantly fight diseases in the world's poorest countries. It contains success stories from 20 different countries, encompassing the widest variety of economic, social and geographic conditions. It shows, for example, how countries like Senegal, Uganda and Thailand have developed strategies that successfully can reduce HIV infection rates, how Azerbaijan and have cut in half the number of deaths from malaria, how China, India and Peru have cut TB deaths by half, and how has drastically reduced maternal mortality. Wolfensohn, President of the World Bank, said: The stories illustrate many lessons. They demonstrate that success is possible even when resources are scarce. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing how a report from the WHO and other organizations presents success stories in combating various diseases in developing countries through effective strategies, rather than relying on nanotechnology. It emphasizes that many diseases currently afflicting poorer populations can be addressed through funds and systems already in place to enable effective action, suggesting that the focus should not solely be on technological solutions like nanotechnology.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Ο τοπικός πληθυσμός βοοειδών της Ελλάδας μοιάζει με τα βοοειδή που εκτρέφονται σε όλη τη Βαλκανική Χερσόνησο και αποτελείται από τον Βραχυκερατικό και τον Ποδολικό ή Στεππικό τύπο. Στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα αναφέρθηκαν στην Ελλάδα οκτώ αυτόχθονες φυλές βοοειδών. Σήμερα, τέσσερις από αυτές θεωρούνται επισήμως εξαφανισμένες (Τήνου, Άνδρου, Χίου, Κέρκυρας), τρεις απειλούμενες (Βραχύκερατικής, Κατερίνης και Συκιάς) και μία (Κέας) σπάνια φυλή. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the local population of cattle in Greece, mentioning various breeds and their status but does not address or provide any information regarding genetic markers or how they can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: is Open Access? is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn 10. 5772/24152 this 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation IntechMedicine and Cells and by From the - Cells and by purchase hard copies of this book, please contact the representative in India: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. www. cbspd. com | customercare@cbspd. com 1. Choose citation style Select style to clipboard Get citation 2. Choose citation style Select format Bibtex RIS Download citation Impact of this 1. IntroductionFor more than 95% of the patients with end-stage heart failure there is no definitive treatment option up to now (AHA, 2009). This fact is caused by a severe shortage in donor hearts on the one hand and on the other hand by technical and economic limitations of cardiac assist devices and artificial hearts. Thus there is a big need for alternative treatement options. Basically heart failure is due to the inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide and repair damaged heart muscle. For myocardial regenerative medicine stem cells which show the ability to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes might be a promising source. Although human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes (Xu et al, 2002), however the therapeutic use of these cells is not without legal and ethical problems. Previous studies in animal models have demonstrated the therapeutical potential of intra-myocardial injection of adult murine stem cells. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of stem cells in myocardial regenerative medicine as a promising source for repairing damaged heart muscle. It highlights the ability of stem cells to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes, which aligns directly with the claim regarding the application of stem cells in repairing damaged tissues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Nanotechnology will cure all diseases within the next decade. [SEP] Text: They show that inputs such as drugs or vaccines, as important as they are to improving health, are not enough. Political commitment, capacity-building, human resources, education and communication, local adaptation and community involvement are critical. They also signal that strengthening and increased financing of underlying health systems and social services is key to ensuring a large-scale and more sustainable response. Six important characteristics of programmes that have succeeded to control diseases of poverty are identified: 1. political commitment at the highest level is key to achieving results and sustaining programmes; 2. successful disease and mortality prevention has often involved new ways of working, e. g. entering into partnerships with the private sector, nongovernmental organisations, and UN agencies; 3. innovation, born out of a pragmatic approach to achieving results, has made all the difference in some countries; 4. promoting the home as the first hospital helps reduces child deaths. In particular, the training and education of mothers has been a key to success; 5. widespread availability of supplies, medicines and other low-cost tools at community-level is essential; and 6. measuring results is key to planning control measures. The report is broken down into five sections: 1. Tuberculosis (TB). Almost 2 million people die from TB every year – 98 per cent of them in developing countries but anti-TB medicines are 95 per cent effective in curing TB and cost as little as US$10 for a six-month course of treatment. The report cites the example of Peru, where high-level political commitment has produced one of the most successful TB control programmes in the world. On current trends, the number of new TB cases could be halved every ten years. Diagnosis and treatment are provided free of charge and low-income families receive food packages to encourage compliance with treatment. In general, elements of successful TB control include government commitment to sustained TB control, detection of TB cases through sputum smear microscopy among symptomatic people, regular and uninterrupted supply of high-quality anti-TB drugs, six to eight months of regularly-supervised treatment and reporting systems to monitor treatment progress and programme performance 2. Malaria. Malaria kills over 1 million people per year, mostly in Africa, most of them children. Women are especially vulnerable to malaria during pregnancy, when the disease can lead to life-threatening anaemia, miscarriages and the birth of premature, low birth-weight babies. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by emphasizing the multifaceted approach required to control diseases, including political commitment, education, community involvement, and strong health systems. It highlights that simply relying on medical innovations, such as nanotechnology, will not suffice to address health challenges effectively. The examples provided, such as tuberculosis and malaria, demonstrate that effective disease control relies on a combination of strategies rather than the expectation that technology alone will solve all problems.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Κατά την εισαγωγή των εξημερωμένων βοοειδών στην Ευρώπη, οι χώρες της Νοτιοανατολικής Μεσογείου και τα νότια Βαλκάνια έπαιξαν καθοριστικό ρόλο. Οι ελληνικές φυλές βοοειδών προέρχονται από μια γεωγραφική περιοχή κοντά στο κέντρο της εξημέρωσης με μεσογειακό κλίμα. Η εκτροφή αυτών των φυλών χαρακτηρίζεται από την απουσία γενεαλογικών στοιχείων καθώς και καταγραφών παραγωγικών αποδόσεων και συνεπώς χαμηλή χρήση τεχνητής επιλογής. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the introduction of domestic cattle in Europe and the absence of genealogical records in Greek cattle breeds, without addressing the use of genetic markers for tracing inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: In a cell-cell contact dependent manner in mammals, mesenchymal stem cells aquired a cardiomyocyte phenotype (Orlic & Kocher 2001, Kawamoto & Yeh 2003, Wang et. al. , 2006). Furthermore spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes were derived from isolated cardiomyogenic cell lines of murine bone marrow stromal cells (Makino et al. , 1999) adipose tissue stroma cells (Planat-Bernard et. al. , 2004) and from spermatogonial stem cells from the adult mouse testis (Guan et. al. , 2006). In human myocardium however, adult stem cells from different origins applied intramyocardially did not show a differentiation into cardiomyocytes (Yoon & Wollert 2005). Thus, the search for an appropriate source of cells being able to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes in human or to contribute to a contractile myocardial patch is still continuing. From adult rat pancreatic tissue multipotential stem cells were isolated and differentiated into the endodermal pancreatic and hepatic cells (Zulewski, 2001). Human pancreatic stem cells showed also a differentiation into mesodermal structures, like adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes (Seeberger et. al. , 2006). Furthermore rat and human pancreatic stem cells gave rise to cellular aggregates containing cell types of all three germ layers (Kruse et. al, 2004) including ectodermal lineages also shown in further recent publications (Seaberg et. al. , 2004; Choi et. al. , 2004). But up to now neither in animals nor in humans cardiomyocytes were generated from pancreatic stem cells. Due to the clinical need of cardiomyocytes, we investigated the differentiation of human pancreatic stem cell cultures into cardiomyocytes, a process potentially promoted by co-culture with human myocardial biopsies. Myocardial regeneration with artificially applied cardiomyocytes is emerging to a promising issue of significant scientific and clinical impact. Nevertheless the source of cells for human cardiomyocyte differentiation especially from adult tissue is still unclear. We hypothesized that human pancreatic stem cells may differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells enhanced when co- cultured with myocardial tissue. Advertisement 2. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the differentiation of stem cells, particularly human pancreatic stem cells, into cardiomyocyte-like cells when co-cultured with myocardial tissue. This indicates that stem cells have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine for repairing damaged heart tissue, aligning with the claim that stem cells are utilized in this field.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Nanotechnology will cure all diseases within the next decade. [SEP] Text: More rapid and effective treatment of malaria with anti-malarial drugs could prevent malaria deaths. Anti-malarial drugs cost as little as US$0. 12 per treatment. Meanwhile many child deaths from malaria can be prevented through the widespread use of low-cost, insecticide-treated bednets, but, so far, only an estimated 1 per cent of African children sleep under a bednet. Azerbaijan, Ethiopia, Kenya and have all shown success in rolling back malaria. Nam, for example, government commitment, largely in the form of the supplying of free insecticide-treated bednets and the use of locally produced, high quality anti-malarial drugs, reduced the malaria death toll by 97 per cent in a five-year timespan. The concerted drive against the disease involved a major investment in training and disease reporting systems, the use of mobile teams to supervise health workers, and the mobilisation of volunteer health workers. 3. AIDS. While newly released figures show that AIDS killed an estimated 3 million people in 2000, the UN argues against accepting a worsening AIDS pandemic as inevitable. Although there is no AIDS vaccine and antiretroviral therapy is still unaffordable for most developing countries, experience in countries such as Senegal, Thailand and Uganda has shown that reduction in infection rates is possible. Effective prevention measures include access to condoms, prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections including STIs and TB, sex education at school and beyond, access to voluntary counselling and testing, counselling and support for pregnant women and efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, promotion of safe injection practices and blood safety, and access to safe drug injecting equipment. The report cites Thailand, which shows how government determination to promote 100 per cent condom use in brothels and to ensure wide access to HIV prevention campaigns through schools, the mass media and the workplace have been key factors in lowering HIV infection rates. The report notes that by 1997, for example, HIV infection rates among 21 year-old military conscripts had fallen to 1. 5 per cent, from a peak of 4 per cent in 1993. However, it emphasises that even the Thai approach may not be sustainable if the programme focuses just on heterosexuals, and if there is not continuous adequate funding. According to Sadik, of UNFPA: Girls and women are most vulnerable to HIV infection given the social and economic disadvantages they face in their day-to-day lives. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting specific strategies and successes in combating diseases like malaria and AIDS, emphasizing that current solutions such as anti-malarial drugs, bednets, and public health strategies are essential. It suggests that despite advances in technology, significant public health efforts and existing treatments are required to address these diseases, indicating that the claim of nanotechnology alone curing all diseases is not substantiated.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Ως επί το πλείστον διατρέφονται κατά το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του χρόνου σε υποβαθμισμένους ορεινούς βοσκοτόπους με ελλιπείς εγκαταστάσεις στέγασης καθώς και με ελάχιστη ή καθόλου κτηνιατρική φροντίδα. Οι περισσότεροι από αυτούς τους πληθυσμούς προέρχονται από τους τελευταίους απογόνους μεγάλων πληθυσμών του παρελθόντος και εκτρέφονται σε ορεινές περιοχές ή/και νησιά, κυρίως με κακές υποδομές. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the living conditions and origins of certain populations without mentioning genetic markers or inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: Harvesting, isolating, culturingFrom four patients undergoing surgery after an abdominal injury, pancreatic tissue was obtained with informed consent (ethical accreditation of the Ethics Committees, of Lübeck, AZ: 03-065). Stem cells were selected, cultured within fetal calf serum and passaged more than 21 times as described elsewhere (et al. , 2004). Briefly, the pancreatic tissue was treated with digestion medium containing HEPES-Eagle-medium (pH 7. 4), 0. 1m-buffer (pH 7. 6), 70% (v/v) modified Eagle-medium, 0. 5% (v/v) Trasylol (Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany), 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, 2. 4 mM CaCl2 and collagenase (0. 63 PZ/mg, Serva, Heidelberg, Germany). After digestion the acini were dissociated, centrifuged and further purified by washing in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium () supplemented with 20 % fetal calve serum (FCS). The washing procedure was repeated 5 times. The acini were resuspended in DMEM and cultured at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. After 1-2 days of culture spindle-shaped stem cells were observed on the bottom of the cell culture flask. After reaching confluence pancreatic stem cells were subcultured by trypsinization, counted and reseeded with a density of 2-4 x 105 cells/cm2. This procedure was repeated until sufficient cells were available. For differentiation we used cells from passages 4 and 14. Pancreatic stem cells as a source of cardio-myocytes can be obtained from patients using minimally invasive procedure during laparoscopy. Due to their retroperitoneal topography this cell harvesting might not be as easy as obtaining cells from blood, bone marrow or fatty tissue. Nevertheless current investigations show that stem cells from salivary glands easier accessible than pancreatic tissue might have a comparable potential generating cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, if these pancreatic stem cells could react as a general donor on the basis of a recently postulated immunological compatibility of adult stem cells (Chiu RCJ, 2005; Puissant et. al, 2005) sophisticated harvesting might not be necessary. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing the process of harvesting and culturing pancreatic stem cells for various applications, including their potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which relates directly to the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. The mention of obtaining pancreatic stem cells through minimally invasive procedures aligns with the broader context of regenerative therapies aimed at repairing or regenerating damaged tissues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: It quickly grows with distance from the borders and reaches saturation at a distance of approximately 0. 2 Mb from the border. This empirical observation can be useful for defining a 'safe distance' threshold in practical applications of isochore information, allowing the estimation of the isochore classification reliability at any region of interest even if no consensus or confidence information is to hand. Figure 6Isochore assignment confidence and GC context. (a) Confidence as a function of the GC content of the genomic environment. Isochore assignment confidence is best in GC-poor regions; it decreases as the genomic context becomes more GC-rich and reaches a minimum around 55-58% GC. However, the assignment confidence becomes better again in the GC-richest regions with >59% GC. (b) Variance of the confidence depending on the GC content. The confidence variance is independent of the GC context for isochores with a GC content between about 33% and 62% GC, that is, for the main bulk of the genomic DNA. Full size image Figure 7Isochore assignment confidence in border regions. (a) On average the isochore assignment confidence is lowest near borders. Here the borders of all isochore maps were used. Assignment confidence grows with the distance from the border and reaches saturation at a distance of about 0. 2 Mb from the border. This can be considered as an empirically derived 'safe distance' threshold. (b) Variance of the assignment confidence is almost independent of the border distance. Full size image We calculated isochore assignments and evaluated their confidence for 20 completely sequenced vertebrate genomes using GC-Profile, IsoFinder, least-squares and BASIO as well as our consensus method (Tables 6 and 7). The amount of DNA that could not be classified by majority vote into one of the five isochore families in our consensus maps for any of these 20 genomes was very small, less than 1% on average. The overall isochore assignment confidence is generally very high, with 2. 6 methods agreeing on average. The entropy distance between the consensus map and the segmentations of all four individual methods indicates to which isochore segmentation the consensus map is most similar. This large-scale comparison shows that there is neither a single method clearly closest to the consensus, nor a simple dependency of a method's performance on the overall GC-richness of the genomes. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly address the claim about nanotechnology treatments being risk-free. However, by discussing various applications and confidence levels related to genomic isochore assignments, it implies that there are evaluations and uncertainties in scientific assessments, suggesting that treatments may not be without risk. Hence, it contrasts the claim by indicating a lack of absolute safety and confidence in certain scientific evaluations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Τέλος, είναι αναπαραγωγικά απομονωμένοι πληθυσμοί λόγω γεωγραφικών αποστάσεων και φυσικών φραγμών χωρίς τη χρήση τεχνητής γονιμοποίησης. Οι ελληνικές τοπικές φυλές βοοειδών έχουν μειωθεί σε ελάχιστους ή πολύ μικρούς πληθυσμούς και σήμερα κινδυνεύουν να εξαφανιστούν λόγω κοινωνικοοικονομικών αιτίων, γεωγραφικής απομόνωσης καθώς και ανεξέλεγκτων διασταυρώσεων με ξένες φυλές υψηλών αποδόσεων. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the reproductive isolation of populations due to geographic distances and socioeconomic issues affecting local cattle breeds in Greece, without addressing the use of genetic markers for tracing inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: When cells became confluent in culture dishes netlike clusters could be detected. The cell layer was washed with the less nutritive phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and mechanically lifted partially from the culture bottom with a scraper. Irrespective of whether adult human pancreatic stem cells were cryo-conserved or freshly isolated, their phenotype built netlike cell clusters in different passages. After development of these netlike cell clusters, changing culture conditions and partial mobilization from the bottom, very few cell clusters showed distinct cellular autonomous contractions with about 20 beats per minute. Contracting regions were then video documented in real time and reproduced in five settings. Advertisement 3. Co-culture with myocardiumTo promote self-differentiation into cardiomyocytes, human pancreatic stem cells were co-cultured with biopsies of human myocardium. This myocardial stimulation practically was achieved by co- culture of the primary cells with each 5 pieces of myocardium (4x4x4mm) for 2 days. The tissue (left ventricular wall, mitral papillary muscle) was received during heart surgery (ethical accreditation of the Ethics Committees, University hospital of Lübeck, AZ 05-206). Heart muscle pieces were adhered to the bottom of the culture dishes for 3 hours until primary pancreatic stem cells (1x 106) were applied. After 48h heart muscle pieces were removed and the stem cells were further cultured as described above. Cells were passaged every time after reaching confluence. Immunocytochemical analyses were performed directly 48 hours after treatment. To investigate the long term effects of differentiation, cells were collected 17 days after treatment for PCR- analyses. When cells became confluent in culture dishes netlike clusters could be detected. The cell layer was washed with the less nutritive phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and mechanically lifted partially from the culture bottom with a scraper. Contracting regions were then video documented in real time and reproduced in five settings. To test whether cardio-myocytes grow out of biopsies from heart tissues, we cultured them as described above but without pancreatic stem cells. After two days no outgrowing cells could be detected, thus cell fusion of cardio-myocytes from biopsies with pancreatic stem cells seems very unlikely. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by describing the use of human pancreatic stem cells in a study where they were co-cultured with human myocardium to promote differentiation into cardiomyocytes. This process aligns with regenerative medicine's goal to repair damaged heart tissues by utilizing stem cells, thus supporting the claim that stem cells are used for tissue repair.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: Remaining rare positions, where no majority could be found, for example, because all four methods give different results, or where some of the predictions are missing, are marked as ambiguous. One adjustable parameter of our consensus approach is the genomic resolution at which the majority vote is taken. For those isochore maps based on 0. 1 Mb windows (Costantini et al. [18], least-squares with default window size [19]) the best resolution would be at the level of 0. 1 Mb. Other methods such as IsoFinder [20] determine isochore borders at the level of single bases. Considering that the average isochore length obtained by the four methods used in this study is in the range 0. 1-0. 9 Mb (see Results), the resolution of 0. 01 Mb for deriving consensus is a compromise between these extremes and is used as the default setting in our study. The consensus confidence is defined as the number of methods that agree at a certain genomic position and can thus take values between one and four. The confidence of the isochore assignment for an entire genomic region is computed as the average of all base confidence values. Random control segmentations were created by partitioning into segments with the average isochore length of the given method, for example, IsoFinder. For the segmentation offset, a random segment length was chosen. For the random model, a normal distribution around the average isochore length was used. Additional data filesThe following additional data are available with the online version of this paper. Additional data file 1 is a figure showing distances between the isochore borders produced by different methods. Additional data file 2 is a figure showing the percentage of genes that are completely located within a single isochore. Additional data file 3 provides an analysis of isochore families in all genomes and analysis of differences between methods. 197. 10. 1016/0022-2836(73)90240-4. 254. 10. 1016/S0022-2836(76)80105-2. 235. 10. 1016/S0022-2836(76)80104-0. 127. 10. 1016/S0378-1119(02)01034-X. 187. 10. 1016/0378-1119(91)90364-H. 317. 10. 1007/BF00163235. 12. 10. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not directly mention nanotechnology or its risks; however, it discusses ambiguity in results and methodology, which implies that certainty is not guaranteed. This suggests that there are complexities and potential uncertainties in treatments, contrasting with the claim that all treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Στην ανάλυσή μας ελήφθησαν δείγματα από τις ακόλουθες τοπικές φυλές από την Ελλάδα και την Κύπρο: (i) από την ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα: η Ελληνική Βραχυκερατική φυλή (n = 97), η ποδολική φυλή Κατερίνης (n = 20), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Πρέσπας (n = 10), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Ροδόπης (n = 12), η ποδολική φυλή Συκιάς (SYK; n = 16), (ii) από τα νησιά: η φυλή Κέας (n = 97), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Αγαθονησίου (n = 6), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Κρήτης (n = 11), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Καστελόριζου (n = 4), τα τοπικά βοοειδή Νισύρο [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides a list of local cattle breeds from Greece and Cyprus along with sample sizes but does not mention genetic markers, inheritance patterns, or their application in population genetics. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: After having been in contact with human myocardium for 48 hours and growing for further 14-40 days in co-culture, cells were partially mobilized from the bottom of the culture flask and treated with a less nutritive culture medium. Many contracting areas (4-6 fold) were found in comparison to the unstimulated cells. However, the structure of a contracting area itself was comparable with that already observed before having been developed spontaneously without contact to myocardium. These autonomous contractions with about 20 beats per minute as well, were found in all five co-cultures investigated. The number of contracting areas was enhanced by co-cultured human myocardial biopsies. The influence from cardio-myocytes on glandular stem cells could become already demonstrated by an immunocytochemical visualization of sarcomeres (red) like shown in figure1 seeing a clearly detectable gradient from M, where the myocardium was located, to the periphery. This cellular stimulation could also be documented as described as follows. These findings of the stem cell transformation in contact with myocardium in-vitro may become repeated in-vivo after an intra-myocardial injection, Advertisement 4. Analysis of co-cultured glandular stem cellsAfter co-culturing and breeding, the influence of the added myocardium to the glandular stem cells was examined by immunocytochemistry of sarcomere-related myosin, immuno-cytochemistry of cardiac specific troponin, at the electrone-microscopic level and phenotyped with respect to RNA, protein and cardiomyocyte specificity. 4. 1. Immunocytochemistry of sarcomere-related myosinBoth, the stimulated as well as the non stimulated stem cells were seeded on chamber slides and cultured for at least two days before they were fixed with methanol:acetone (7:3) containing 1 g/ml DAPI (Roche, Switzerland) and washed 3 times in PBS. After incubation in 10% normal goat serum at room temperature for 15 min the specimens were incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C in a humid chamber. Primary monoclonal antibody was directed against sarcomere myosin MF 20 (). After rinsing 3 times with PBS, slides were incubated for 45 minutes at 37°C with Cy3-labelled anti-mouse IgG, diluted 1:200. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the influence of human myocardium on glandular stem cells and how it may enhance their contraction capabilities. It describes the environment created by co-culturing stem cells with myocardium, which suggests that these stem cells can potentially be stimulated to repair heart tissue. The transformation of stem cells in response to the myocardium indicates their potential application in regenerative medicine, particularly for repairing damaged cardiac tissues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: Intended for healthcare professionals email alerts BMA member login * Password * Forgot your log in details? Need to activate in via Openin via your institution Edition: company Toggle navigation The BMJ logo Site map form Searchsearch Search responses Search blogs Toggle top menu covid-19 ResearchAt a glance Research papers Research methods and reporting news EducationAt a glance Clinical reviews of the art What your patient is thinking Rapid recommendations & ViewsAt a glance to head Editor's choice Views and reviews responses CampaignsAt a glance Better evidence Climate change Divestment from fossil fuels Patient and public partnership Too much medicine authors Diabetes treatments. . . Diabetes treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality: cohort study in primary care access treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality: cohort study in primary care BMJ 2016; 354 doi: (Published 13 July 2016) Cite this as: BMJ 2016;354:i3477 2015. drugs (glitazones, gliptins, metformin, sulphonylureas, insulin, other) alone and in combination. Main outcome measure First recorded diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all cause mortality recorded on the patients’ primary care, mortality, or hospital record. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for diabetes treatments, adjusting for potential confounders. follow-up, 21 308 patients (4. 5%) received prescriptions for glitazones and 32 533 (6. 9%) received prescriptions for gliptins. Compared with non-use, gliptins were significantly associated with an 18% decreased risk of all cause mortality, a 14% decreased risk of heart failure, and no significant change in risk of cardiovascular disease; corresponding values for glitazones were significantly decreased risks of 23% for all cause mortality, 26% for heart failure, and 25% for cardiovascular disease. Compared with no current treatment, there were no significant associations between monotherapy with gliptins and risk of any complications. Dual treatment with gliptins and metformin was associated with a decreased risk of all three outcomes (reductions of 38% for heart failure, 33% for cardiovascular disease, and 48% for all cause mortality). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the risks associated with diabetes treatments, indicating that not all treatments, including those potentially utilizing nanotechnology, are risk-free. It highlights specific outcomes related to the risks of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality, suggesting a nuanced understanding of treatment safety rather than the simplistic assertion of being 'completely risk-free.'


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: υ (n = 7) καθώς και (iii) βοοειδή Κύπρου (n = 5). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not discuss genetic markers, inheritance patterns, or populations. It simply mentions a sample size of cattle from Cyprus without any context that relates to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: Slides were washed 3 times in PBS, covered in Vectashield mounting medium (Vector, USA) and analyzed with a fluorescence microscope (Axioskop Zeiss, Germany). Excluding these detected sarcomeres were released from the biopsy and attached to the stem cells, controls with fibroblasts and endothelial cells were cocultured with myocardium. Within these controls, tested cells were negative for sarcomeres by immunocytochemistry. Figure 1. Immunocytochemical visualization of sarcomeres (red) in transformed adult pancreatic stem cells (blue nuclei) which had been co-cultured with human myocardium (M) for two days. They were clearly positive for the tested antibody compared to the untreated pancreatic stem cells. A decreasing gradient of myosin containing cells from M to the periphery is to be seen4. 2. Immunocytochemistry of cardiac specific troponin IStem cells were co-cultured with myocardial biopsies for 48 hours and breeded for further 2 to 4 days after removing the myocardium. Thereafter probes were rinsed 2 times with PBS and dried for 24 hours on air by RT and then fixated by pure acetone for 10 minutes and -20C°, rinsed again for 2X5 minutes with tris-buffered-saline (TBS) and preincubated with RPMI 1640 (Sigma, USA) with 10% AB serum (Biochrom AG, Germany). Monoclonal anti-troponin I antibody (Clone 2d5, Biozal 1:25) was used as the primary antibody for 60 minutes. Secondary antibody administration (rabbit anti-mouse; DAKO, Denmark; 1:25 for 30 minutes) followed by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase complex incubation (DAKO, Denmark; 1:50, 30 minutes) was repeated for a total of times each. Finally, substrate incubation (naphthole/neofuchsine) and counterstaining with hemalaun were performed before microscopic evaluation. Additionally an isotype-control was carried out with mouse IgG 1 (DAKO, Denmark) and for further negative control skeletal muscle was stained. Myocardium was used for a positive control. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing a scientific procedure involving stem cells co-cultured with myocardial biopsies, which illustrates their application in regenerative medicine aimed at repairing damaged myocardial tissue. It mentions that pancreatic stem cells were co-cultured with human myocardium, which indicates a direct use of stem cells in a regenerative context.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: Triple treatment with metformin, sulphonylureas, and gliptins was associated with a decreased risk of all three outcomes (reductions of 40% for heart failure, 30% for cardiovascular disease, and 51% for all cause mortality). Compared with no current treatment, monotherapy with glitazone was associated with a 50% decreased risk of heart failure, and dual treatment with glitazones and metformin was associated with a decreased risk of all three outcomes (reductions of 50% for heart failure, 54% for cardiovascular disease, and 45% for all cause mortality); dual treatment with glitazones and sulphonylureas was associated with risk reductions of 35% for heart failure and 25% for cardiovascular disease; triple treatment with metformin, sulphonylureas, and glitazones was associated with decreased risks of all three outcomes (reductions of 46% for heart failure, 41% for cardiovascular disease, and 56% for all cause mortality). are clinically important differences in risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all cause mortality between different diabetes drugs alone and in combination. Overall, use of gliptins or glitazones was associated with decreased risks of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality compared with non-use of these drugs. These results, which do not account for levels of adherence or dosage information and which are subject to confounding by indication, might have implications for prescribing of diabetes drugs. IntroductionCardiovascular disease and heart failure are major causes of morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. 1 2 Once heart failure is present in people with diabetes, mortality is increased 10-fold and five year survival is only 12. 5%, a prognosis worse than for metastatic breast cancer. 2 Several diabetes drugs have been associated with an unexpected increase in risk of heart failure during both clinical trials3 and post-marketing surveillance raising concerns about the overall risks and benefits for people with diabetes. 4 5Following its launch in 2000,6 rosiglitazone, the first drug in the “insulin sensitising” thiazolidinedione class, was associated with an increased rate of heart failure. 5 This resulted in its withdrawal from Europe, India, New Zealand, and in 2010-11. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the associated risks of certain diabetes medications, particularly highlighting that some diabetes drugs have been linked to an increased risk of heart failure. This suggests that not all treatments, including those implied to be within the realm of pharmaceuticals (which could potentially include nanotechnology), are risk-free and can raise safety concerns.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Υπολογίστηκαν αρκετές παράμετροι γενετικής ποικιλομορφίας (π. χ. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it mentions 'various parameters of genetic diversity' but does not provide any information about genetic markers or their use in tracing inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: We could find a myocardial differentiation within 14 days, but also a shutdown of genes, e. g. -actin, in between. Fig. 4 demonstrates typical results of these two possibilities. However, as the differences between co-culture and untreated cells were slightly, the differentiation seemed to abate during time. Probably a permanent stimulus might be necessary to keep the cells in differentiation processes. Advertisement 5. HomingApplying stem cell therapy in a failing myocardium, the dimension of an intra-myocardial cell homing is significant. Thus a comparison of the homing potential between glandular (GSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was performed within the myocardium of a big animal model. In 6 Goats the intra- myocardial homing of glandular stem cells and MSCs (CD133+) was evaluated. Glandular stem cells were characterized by red PKH26 respectively green PKH67 (MSCs) makers. Myocardial samples were taken after one resp. three hours (n=3), others were harvested 6 weeks after injection in additional three goats. Frozen tissue slices were generated and examined for the marked cells. Figure 5. Through a left lateral thoracotomy and exposure of the left heart a mix of one million of each cell type was injected into three locations of the goat’s myocardium of the left ventricleFigure 6. a A mix of GSCs and MSCs (CD133+) are shown before intra- myocardial injection. GSCs are characterized by red PKH26 respectively MSCs by green PKH67 (MSCs) makers. They stay within the cell membrane for about three months. Cell counts were performed after one and three hours and 6 weeks after the intra-myocardial injectionRed PKH26 markers for glandular stem cells (GSCs) respectively green PKH67 markers for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) will enable to detect the intramyocardial injected stem cell within a time frame of six months. Within this time frame it should be possible to visualize connexin anti-bodies for the detection of gap junctions. Using a mix of an intra- myocardial injection of GSCs and MSCs, solely in MSCs (green) a significant cell migration into the surrounding myocardium (n=3) was observed. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing a study that investigates stem cell therapy applied to a failing myocardium, indicating that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and glandular stem cells (GSCs) were injected into the myocardium of goats. This application aligns with the concept of using stem cells in regenerative medicine to promote repair in damaged cardiac tissues, demonstrating the potential for stem cells to play a crucial role in tissue regeneration.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: Rosiglitazone is, however, still prescribed in the United States—a controversial decision7 informed by the open label “non-inferiority” rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes () trial funded by the manufacturers of rosiglitazone (Avandia; GlaxoSmithKline). 4 study assessed cardiovascular outcomes in 2220 people prescribed rosiglitazone in combination with either metformin or sulphonylureas compared with 2227 prescribed both metformin and sulphonylureas between 2001 and 2008. Although the numbers of events were low, the trial reported an increased risk of heart failure with rosiglitazone and was unable to rule out an increased risk of myocardial infarction. 4 The design, results, and interpretation of this trial have been heavily criticised. 8Pioglitazone is another thiazolidinedione that decreases blood glucose levels. The placebo controlled PROactive trial of pioglitazone9 was also controversial in its design and interpretation, largely because of the choice of composite endpoints. 10 Although the trial failed to clearly show improved cardiovascular outcomes for patients, it reported increased hospital admissions for heart failure as an adverse effect,9 as did a subsequent meta-analysis of 8554 patients prescribed pioglitazone. 11 Meanwhile, a Canadian cohort study comparing pioglitazone with rosiglitazone between 2002 and 2008 reported a lower risk of heart failure and death in pioglitazone users. 12 Similarly, a US cohort study reported a lower risk of stroke, heart failure, and all cause mortality among patients prescribed pioglitazone compared with rosiglitazone. 13 Pioglitazone continues to be prescribed in the and the US although it has been withdrawn elsewhere owing to concerns about an increased risk of bladder cancer. 14Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as gliptins, are a relatively new class of diabetes drug that are included in international guidelines15 as second line agents after metformin, although data on long term clinical benefits and safety are inconclusive. 16 In a placebo controlled clinical trial, saxagliptin was associated with an unexpected 27% increase in admissions to hospital from heart failure. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing various studies on treatments that involve drugs such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, highlighting their associated risks. For instance, it states that the trial involving rosiglitazone reported an increased risk of heart failure and could not rule out the potential for myocardial infarction. Moreover, it discusses the adverse effects of pioglitazone, including increased hospital admissions for heart failure and concerns regarding an increased risk of bladder cancer. These findings clearly indicate that treatments, even those involving novel technologies, can carry significant risks, directly opposing the claim that all such treatments are completely risk-free.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: ετεροζυγωτία και αλληλομορφική ποικιλομορφία), οι οποίες έδειξαν σοβαρή απώλεια γενετικής ποικιλότητας στους πληθυσμούς των νησιών σε σύγκριση με τους πληθυσμούς της ηπειρωτικής χώρας, η οποία οφείλεται κυρίως στη μείωση του μεγέθους του πληθυσμού τους τα τελευταία χρόνια και στην επακόλουθη ομομιξεία. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses heterozygosity and molecular polymorphism, indicating a loss of genetic diversity in island populations compared to mainland populations due to population size reduction and subsequent inbreeding. However, it does not specifically address the use of genetic markers for tracing inheritance patterns, making it irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: After 6 weeks nearly all GSCs remained within the myocardium while the MSCs disappeared almost completely. Within the frozen myocardial slices >90% of the marked stem cells were identified as GSCs (red) but <10% as green MSCs. Figure 7. b Mainly glandular stem cells (GSCs) stained by red PKH26 were found six weeks after intramyocardial injection in the myocardium (blue) of the (n=3). Due to a >90% homing of GSCs combined with the ability developing cardio- myocyte like cells, glandular stem cells might become a very promising treatment option in the therapy of a failing myocardium Advertisement 6. Clinical applicationAdult bone marrow derived adult stem cells i. e. mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully applied clinically to restore the myocardium solely and in combination with trans-myocardial laser (channels) for myocardial revascularization because MSCs mainly transform into capillaries ) but not significantly into cardio-myocytes. (et al. ,2003 and et al. , 2006). Adult glandular stem cells (pancreatic, parotic and submandibular) however are able to form tissue with the distinct ability to generate cell types of all three germ layers (et al. , 2004). We showed that mesenchymal cells from this tissue differentiate into cardio-myocytes promoted in co-cultures with human myocardial biopsies (Guldner et al. , 2006). Figure 8. The concept of a glandular stem cell cardiomyoplasty is designed as a treatment option for end-stage heart failure. It combines an expected regenerative potential of transformed adult glandular stem cells into cardiomyocytes within the myocardium or onto the myocardium and the potential of a hypercapillarized latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) wrapped around the heart for stem cell nutrition and girdling. Muscle transformation from glandular stem cells into cardiomyocytes is documented. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various types of stem cells, particularly glandular stem cells (GSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their potential applications in regenerative medicine, specifically in the context of repairing damaged myocardium. It notes that GSCs showed a significant ability to develop into cardio-myocyte-like cells, indicating their promise as a treatment for failing myocardium. Additionally, it highlights that MSCs have been successfully applied clinically to restore the myocardium, providing further evidence that stem cells are indeed utilized in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: 3 In the Examination of with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care () trial17 alogliptin did not significantly increase overall risk of hospital admissions for heart failure compared with placebo. Similarly, in the with Sitagliptin (TECOS) trial, sitagliptin was not associated with an increased risk of heart failure compared with placebo. 18 Observational studies have also found inconsistent associations. Sitagliptin was associated with an increased risk of heart failure in a cohort study of 8288 Taiwanese patients using sitagliptin over 1. 5 years. 19 Conversely, a US cohort study of 8032 sitagliptin users showed no excess risk of hospital admission or death compared with users of other glucose lowering agents. 20 Although heart failure was included within the composite endpoint, it was not evaluated separately. A meta-analysis of 25 trials of 7726 patients receiving sitagliptin or a comparator agent between 12 weeks and two years was undertaken by the manufacturers of sitagliptin (Januvia; MSD). 21 The composite study endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as ischaemic events or cardiovascular deaths), but the study did not specifically evaluate risk of heart failure. In summary, the findings from clinical trials and observational studies are inconsistent, which may reflect differences in study design, study duration, individual drugs, or outcome measures. Uncertainty remains over the longer term comparative risks among patients prescribed different diabetes drugs, particularly gliptins and glitazones alone and in combination with other diabetes drugs. 22 23 Regulatory agencies have responded to this uncertainty by requiring evidence that new diabetes drugs are not associated with harmful increases in cardiovascular events rather than the more stringent requirement that the drugs result in evidence of clinical benefit. 24 25Concerns have also been raised about the safety of sulphonylureas, an older class of oral diabetes drug, as these have been linked with increased adverse cardiovascular events in some5 but not all studies. 26 The lifelong nature of diabetes, the noticeable increase in its incidence and prevalence, and prescribing recommendations in guidelines,15 mean that the number of people prescribed diabetes drugs is likely to increase. Given the impracticability and ethical difficulties of head-to-head trials comparing different agents, the risks of clinical outcomes need to be quantified in large representative populations of people prescribed these drugs over longer periods. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the inconsistencies in the risks associated with diabetes drugs, specifically sitagliptin, which suggests that treatments in this category do carry some level of risk. It emphasizes that regulatory agencies require evidence that new diabetes drugs do not lead to harmful increases in cardiovascular events rather than assuming they are risk-free. This indicates that treatments, including those using nanotechnology, cannot be considered completely risk-free.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Η ελληνική Βραχυκερατική φυλή παρουσιάζει υψηλά επίπεδα γενετικής και αλληλομορφικής ποικιλομορφίας σε όλες σχεδόν τις παραμέτρους με τιμές παρόμοιες με τις Ανατολικές φυλές και τις φυλές Buša. Τα υψηλά επίπεδα αναπαραγωγικής απομόνωσης οδήγησαν επίσης σε υψηλότερη γενετική διαφοροποίηση μεταξύ των νησιωτικών και ηπειρωτικών ελληνικών φυλών σε σύγκριση με τις φυλές από τις υπόλοιπες γεωγραφικές ομάδες. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim directly, as it mainly describes the genetic diversity and reproductive isolation in certain Greek breeds without linking this information to the use of genetic markers for tracing inheritance patterns.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: A hypercapillarization (capillary to fiber ratio) of 36% within the LDM was found after an intermittent electrical stimulation over 14 days by an implanted myostimulator delivering a controlled stimulation pattern by a new designed devise (Microstim myostimulator, Germany)Harvesting pancreatic stem cells may cause severe complications due to pancreatic fistulas accompanied with a peritonitis. Biopsies of the glandula parotis may injure the facialis nerve with facialis paresis. The authors assume minor complications are to expect using the submandibular gland by harvesting cells. An amount of more than 100 mio. stem cells are expected from each submandibular gland, which can become harvested in the same operation injecting them into the myocardium. Glandular stem cells have the potential transforming into cardio myocytes (Guldner et al. , 2006). Furthermore GSCs showed a more than 90% homing in comparison with MSCs after 6 weeks injected in a goat’s myocardium (n=3). Combined with their ability developing cardio-myocyte like cells, glandular stem cells are expected to be superior to MSCs for myocardial repair. In goats and humans electrical continuous and intermittent stimulation of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) has been shown to enhance capillary density of skeletal muscle tissue likewise in small animals as shown by et al. , 1984; Dawson JM et al. , 1989; Mathieu-Costello et al. , 1996; and et al. , 1998. Additionally known are data of capillary density in intermittent stimulated human sized animals, correlated with functional data like blood flow at rest and under exercise which were evaluated elsewhere (Guldner et al. , 2008). The recent investigations in goats demonstrated a 36% higher capillary to fiber ratio in comparison with the non stimulated control after 14 days of electrical pacing of the in-situ LDM (Guldner et al. , 2008). An electrically stimulated and therefore hyper-capillarized latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and wrapped around the heart could serve for GSC's nutrition (Mannion et al. , 1992, 1993, 1996Salmons et al. , 1998; Guldner et. al. 2008). A stem cell cardio-myoplasty combines a cellular cardio-myoplasty (Stamm et. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of glandular stem cells (GSCs) in repairing myocardial tissue. It states that GSCs have the potential to transform into cardio myocytes and highlights the expectation that they will be superior to other types of stem cells (MSC) for myocardial repair. This supports the assertion that stem cells are involved in regenerative medicine aimed at repairing damaged tissues.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: All treatments using nanotechnology are completely risk-free. [SEP] Text: This information, which is available from large longitudinal observational databases, can complement information from meta-analyses of clinical trials that, while valuable, are prone to publication bias and lack sufficient detail, duration of follow-up, or the power to make relevant comparisons for unintended effects. 21 23We therefore carried out a cohort study using a large UK primary care database with linked general practitioner, mortality, and hospital admissions data to investigate the associations between different classes of diabetes drugs and the risks of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality for people with type 2 diabetes. We were particularly interested in the risks associated with the newer agents, including glitazones and gliptins. In a companion paper we reported on a similar analysis examining the risks of microvascular complications (severe kidney disease, blindness, lower limb amputation), hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia between different classes of diabetes drugs in people with type 2 diabetes. 27MethodsWe did a population based open cohort study of people in England aged 25-84 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We used a large population of primary care patients derived from version 40 of the QResearch database (www. qresearch. org). QResearch is a continually updated patient level pseudonymised database with event level data extending back to 1989. QResearch currently includes clinical and demographic data from over 1243 general practices in England and two practices in Scotland, covering a population of over 24 million patients, and collected in the course of routine healthcare by general practitioners and associated staff. The primary care data include demographic information, diagnoses, prescriptions, referrals, laboratory test results, and clinical values. Diagnoses are recorded using the Read code classification. 28 QResearch has been used for a wide range of clinical research, including the assessment of unintended effects of commonly prescribed medicines. 29 30 31 32 33 34 The primary care data are linked at individual patient level to hospital episode statistics and mortality records from the Office for National Statistics. Hospital episode statistics provides details of all Service inpatient admissions since 1997, including primary and secondary causes coded using the ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) classifications and OPCS-4 (Office of and Surveys, fourth revision) codes for operations and interventions. ONS provides details of all deaths in England with primary and underlying causes, also coded using the ICD-10 classification. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the risks associated with specific medical treatments and emphasizing the importance of longitudinal studies in identifying unintended effects. It mentions the investigation of associations between diabetes drugs and various health risks, implying that treatments, including those potentially related to nanotechnology, cannot be assumed to be completely risk-free without thorough research.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Genetic markers can be used to trace inheritance patterns in populations. [SEP] Text: Οι εποπτευόμενες και μη εποπτευόμενες αναλύσεις ομαδοποίησης αποκάλυψαν ότι τα φυλογενετικά πρότυπα στις αυτόχθονες ελληνικές φυλές ήταν σε συμφωνία με τη γεωγραφική τους προέλευση και τις ιστορικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την κοινή καταγωγή με φυλές από την Ανατολή ή με φυλές βαλκανικής προέλευσης. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses phylogenetic patterns in indigenous Greek tribes and their geographical origins, but it does not specifically address the use of genetic markers for tracing inheritance patterns in populations. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine to repair damaged tissues. [SEP] Text: al, 2003; Steinhoff&Stamm, 2006) with a muscular dynamic cardio-myoplasty (Carpentier& Chachques 1985). The additional elastic girdling from LDM around the heart (Figure 7) reduces left ventricular's wall tension and therefore reduces the oxygen consumption of the myocardium (Hagège A A et al. , 1995). Advertisement 7. ConclusionThese are first investigations demonstrating the feasibility of generating autonomously contracting cardio-myocyte-like cells from adult human glandular stem cells and their transformation in contact with myocardium. Injecting them into the myocardium is an in vivo co-culturing. We expect in opposite to the injection of bone marrow derived stem cells, resulting in capillaries, a substantial increase of cardiomyocytes. This mechanism might be helpful because of the inability of adult cardiomyocytes to divide and repair damaged heart muscle. Harvesting glandular stem cells intra-operatively might become feasible in the same operative procedure as the intramyocardial implantation likewise it has been practiced already with bone-marrow-derived stem cells (Steinhoff&Stamm, 2006). The estimated amount of harvested glandular stem cells from one glandular submandibularis might be many-fold higher than the amount of MSCs applied nowadays clinically. Regarding a superior intra-myocardial homing of GSCs in comparison to MSCs stem cell therapy with GSCs might become an advanced cellular treatment option in the regenerative medicine for end-stage heart failure. Glandular stem cells might enable intramyocardial injections solely or in combination with a pre-stimulated cardiomyoplasty, a muscle powered cardiac assist procedure with an increased capillary to fiber ratio, which is to perform by adequate electrical stimulation patterns. This muscular indirect myocard revascularisation may not only increase myocardial`'s blood supply supporting the implanted GSCs but will additionally decrease the oxygen consumption by a girdling effect. This is due to a deceases wall tension of the myocardium. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the use of glandular stem cells as a potential treatment in regenerative medicine for end-stage heart failure. It explains the feasibility of generating cardiomyocyte-like cells from glandular stem cells and injecting them into damaged myocardium, thereby contributing to the repair of damaged heart muscle, aligning with the idea of using stem cells for tissue regeneration.