Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion encourages recycling garments instead of disposing of them. [SEP] Text: 2015) allowing them to decide, before mass production, whether or not the outcome meets their expectations. Additionally, designers and manufacturers may even print on-the-spot for consumers further eliminating waste. From a sustainability perspective, 3D printing also has the possibility of extending the life of a garment by assisting in making it multi-functional. For example, the dress may function as a full-length gown or as a mini dress, the silhouette and texture changing along with the length (Koo and Zarate 2015). 3D printing is a tool for designers that reduces waste by rapid prototyping. However, the application of a zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009) to eliminate waste in the processes of creating innovative 3D printing designs has not been a consideration. That being said, 3D printing has the potential to add another perspective to sustainable fashion (Tania 2017). MethodsMany researchers are exploring the potential of 3D printing but none have applied the philosophy of zero-waste to their designs. In this project, each design researcher took a different creative approach to designing and printing sustainable fashion notions. has over 20 years and has 3 years of design experience. The former created a cape and strove to design buttons (notions) using 3D printing technology. The latter created jewelry (pendants and earrings). These fashion items were designed with different sources of inspiration but with the same end goal of creating fashion items that are zero-waste and made from sustainable materials. The intent of this research was to develop a design process that minimized waste from 3D printing, ensuring a sustainable process and fashion outcome. Design as researchResearch is a systematic investigation of new ideas, solving problems and exploring outcomes that generate knowledge. Design is a purposeful arrangement of elements (Neuhart et al. 1989). As the fashion industry flourishes through change, fashion designers are constantly engaged in researching new designs, uses, materials, and perspectives (Seivewright 2012). Design as research is inquiry embedded in the design process (Chi 2001; Joost et al. 2016). It uses diverse strategies such as a study of materials, technologies, or developing products and services. Design as research “offers a medium of investigation for questions of broad concern [through practicing design] as a pursuit of knowledge, understanding” (Chi 2001, p. 250). In this paper, that concern is developing products utilizing zero-waste philosophy to ensure more sustainable fashion items. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the potential of 3D printing and outlining the designers' efforts to create zero-waste fashion items made from sustainable materials. While 3D printing is recognized for reducing waste, the text indicates that zero-waste philosophy has not been applied in the context of recycling garments, which suggests a broader approach to sustainability rather than the specific focus on recycling garments as per the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 4 Осуществить блокирование персональных данных, относящихся к соответствующему Пользователю, с момента обращения или запроса Пользователя или его законного представителя либо уполномоченного органа по защите прав субъектов персональных данных на период проверки, в случае выявления недостоверных персональных данных или неправомерных действий. 7. ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ СТОРОН 7. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about sea turtles navigating with the Earth's magnetic field, as it discusses the blocking of personal data and responsibilities of parties rather than any information related to sea turtles or navigation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: Therefore, the network between microbiome and other mucosal exposome would provide new insights into the clinical intervention against the mucosal or systemic disorders via regulation of the gut-associated immunological, metabolic, or neuroendocrine system. exposome; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal immunity and inflammation; Xenobiotic metabolism Go to: human cells in the body (1013) are outnumbered by bacterial cells as the human microbiome (1014). This dominant player with the endogenous host factors can be influenced by foodborne factors including dietary components, infective agents and xenobiotic including drugs and toxins, linked to diverse pathophysiological events including inflammation, carcinogenesis, metabolic syndromes, and neurological outcomes. The gastrointestinal mucosa shows typical microbiological and environmental features. From the proximal to the distal part of intestine, the oxygen levels are dramatically decreased, resulting in the dominancy of anaerobic microbes in the colon. Moreover, facultative players such as Bacterodetes burn out oxygen, attenuating the detrimental actions of oxygen species against the obligate anaerobes including commensal Clostria. There are two critical points for acidic environment in the human gut. One is the gastric cell-derived production of acids as a disinfectant, leading the drop in pH, but the pancreatic bicarbonate attenuate the acidity and the subsequent luminal fluid get more basic from the duodenum. The next drop in pH of the intestinal lumen is facilitated by outgrowing of fermentative microbes from the cecum, releasing out acidic organic metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In response to oxygen tension and acidity, the composition of microbes can be differentially regulated at each segment of the gut lining. Along the dynamic features of fluid acidity and oxygen content in the gut lumen, nutritional components also affect the gut microbial diversity and stability via their acute and chronic actions. Since the simple sugars released form the carbohydrate degradation are easily consumed by the microbes in the proximal part of the gut, the lower lining of the gut are in short of the simple sugars and the remaining complex carbohydrates are utilized by fermenting anaerobes which dominate in the colon. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how the microbiome is influenced by dietary factors and how these interactions can affect health outcomes. It describes the role of the microbiota in gastrointestinal immunity and inflammation and how these factors relate to pathophysiological events like metabolic syndromes and neurological outcomes. Thus, the relationship between microbiome composition and overall health is emphasized.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: Exploration of 3D printing to create zero-waste sustainable fashion notions and jewelry access Published: 27 December 2018 Exploration of 3D printing to create zero-waste sustainable fashion notions and jewelry : orcid. org/0000-0001-9873-61871 & Rachel Greeninger1 Fashion and Textiles 101. html). The reported project used extrusion printing but there are other types of 3D printing: stereo lithography, digital light processing (DLP), laser sintering or laser melting, inkjet, selective deposition lamination (SDL), and electron beam melting (EBM) (3D Printing Ally, n. d. ). 3D printing filaments3D printers heat and extrude plastic filaments (raw material). MakerBot uses virgin materials such as polylactic Acid (PLA) (corn-based), Styrene (ABS), and flexible filament. PLA is preferred because it is biodegradable, has a lower melting point, and has higher dimensional stability as compared to ABS; however, PLA is water-soluble and not best for long-term wear (Pei et al. 2015; Samuels and Flowers 2015). Pei et al. (2015) reported significant findings through experimenting with warping, bond, print and flex with their choice of experimental filaments, and Nylon 465, in both woven and knit fabrics made from natural or synthetic fabrics. They concluded that experimentation is needed to find solutions to challenges in using 3D printing for fabric applications. In the meantime, plastic has both environmental and social components of sustainability. Joshua Pearce, a material scientist, created an ethical filament standard for 3D printing filament, following which the ethical filament was formed ( The ethical filament standard and mark is a work in progress. It will serve as a globally recognized fair-trade brand. Once ready, it will certify the ethical credentials of both sourcing and production of a filament. It will partner with waste-picking communities and local entrepreneurs to create a seamless process to create 3D printer filament from recycled waste materials. The proposed standard will grade filament using the Value Chain. Proposed grading involves going through the following stages: plastic collection, cleaning, shredding and flaking, pigment and extrusion, quality checking, packing and dispatching. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing how while the project explores zero-waste sustainable fashion notions and the use of 3D printing, it highlights that materials like PLA, though biodegradable, still have limitations such as being water-soluble and not ideal for long-term wear. Furthermore, it notes that plastic has both environmental and social impacts and emphasizes that experimentation is necessary to address challenges in 3D printing fabrics. This indicates that there are still environmental considerations and impacts associated with these practices, contradicting the notion that zero-waste fashion completely eliminates environmental impacts.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 Администрация сайта, не исполнившая свои обязательства, несёт ответственность за убытки, понесённые Пользователем в связи с неправомерным использованием персональных данных, в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации, за исключением случаев, предусмотренных п. п. 5. 2. , 5. 3. и 7. 2. настоящей Политики Конфиденциальности. 7. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it addresses legal responsibilities regarding personal data and privacy in accordance with Russian legislation, without any discussion about sea turtles or navigation.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: Since the small intestinal lumen is generally more acidic environment with higher levels of oxygen, bile salts, and antimicrobial peptides than the colon lumen, simple sugar-favoring facultative anaerobes such as phyla Firmicutes (segmented filamentous bacteria [SFB] and Lactobacillaceae) and Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacter spp. ) can dominate in this proximal intestine. In contrast, the colon nutritional environment is favored by poly-saccharide-utilizing anaerobes such as phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriaceae), and Firmicutes (Clostridia). Moreover, nutrients and mucosal microbiomes are crucial modulators of gut sentinels including the mucosal immune systems and the intestinal neuroendocrine circuit. Foodborne factors can influence the composition and diversity of gut microorganisms, all of which impacts the immune and neuroendocrine responses in the gut via the various types of cytokines, hormones, and other messenger molecules. Moreover, the gastrointestinal immune sentineling signals are intimately linked with the neuroendocrine sentineling systems. Many of metabolic, inflammatory, and oncogenic disorders are due to the disruption of the two sentineling systems against nutrients and microbial community in the gut. The present review will address the features and networks of the gastrointestinal mucosal exposome to provide insights into the future intervention against mucosal diseases and mucosa-associated systemic diseases. Go to: gastrointestinal exposome represents the integral of gut luminal exposure to both exogenous and endogenous factors in the host during the whole lifespan. From the birth, humans receive series of microbial population which collectively forms ecosystem of human microbiome and sometimes can be disturbed by both internal and external factors. The host interaction with microbiome is not a static, but rather dynamic with time. These mucosal disturbance may be stabilized, but which means the ecosystem reached the stable equilibrium states and any future stochastic disturbances can produce another stable state with dynamic changes in the community. The stable human microbiome can be classified into three enterotypes based on the stable distinct host–microbial nutritional symbiotic states characterized by a relatively high representation of Bacteroides, Prevotella or Ruminococcus [1, 2]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by highlighting that nutrients and mucosal microbiomes are crucial modulators of gut immune systems and that disturbances in the microbiome can lead to metabolic, inflammatory, and oncogenic disorders. This indicates that maintaining a balanced microbiome directly influences overall health and disease prevention. It also discusses how microbial populations and their interactions are dynamic and essential for health, supporting the idea that balance within the microbiome is vital.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: 3D technology lends itself to customization that could actually eliminate fitting processes and simplify the overall design process (Shin et al. 2016). Customization applies to wearable technology as well as smart fabrics and textiles that are gradually being introduced to the market. Wearable technologies, such as the Fitbit or the Apple watch, track the number of steps taken in a day. Smart fabrics can allow cooling or heating when needed. They can also track body temperature, heart rate, and other bodily functions. The shoe and accessory-on-demand concept has also grown and allows consumers to have input, including having a say in the final product, particularly regarding the fabrication (Sun and Lu 2015). Although many 3D printed garments seem impractical at this point, fashion and practicality are evolving. Examples of the former include the Iris van Herpen ice dress and the Dita von Teese dress made in collaboration with the Studio ( the Studio, and Shapeways ( Although avant-garde, van Herpen has also contributed to this evolution in the fashion industry as have designers. Regarding practical applications, Robinson (2014) reported a collaborative project whereby 3D printed elements were incorporated into traditional wool fabric production to create innovative new looks and functions. In another experiment, Samuels and Flowers (2015) researched the possibility of 3D printing on cloth using Maker2, chosen because it allows adjustments to the height and material of the base and temperature. They chose to test PLA appliqués on worn denim, which they taped to the glass printer plate of a 3D printer. From there, they first printed the. stl, or industry-standard stereo-lithography format files of small rectangular prisms on the fabric and later tested for tensile strength and washability. Lynne MacLachlan, an engineer-turned-jewelry designer, has extensive knowledge in 3D technology, and she hopes that others in her field will take advantage of its potential and services (Smith 2014). As an example, 3D printed accessories can function as an art form that enables viewers to interpret cultural 2025. 3D printing for shoes will have a significant impact on fashion. Innovation in performance footwear is being explored, as most 3D materials are extremely lightweight. Mass customization will allow consumers to create an accurate fit while also adding in their personal style (Black 2012). Geometrical freedom is virtually unlimited for AM, something not offered through any other singular process (Campbell et al. 2011). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the evolving practices and innovations in fashion, such as 3D printing and customizable clothing, which may reduce waste or improve efficiency, but it does not imply that zero-waste fashion completely eliminates environmental impact. Innovations like 3D technology are portrayed as enhancing customization and efficiency in fashion design, indicating that while there may be benefits, they do not equate to a total elimination of environmental impact.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 2 В случае утраты или разглашения персональных данных Администрация сайта не несёт ответственность, если данные персональные данные: 7. 2. 1 Стали публичным достоянием до их утраты или разглашения. 7. 2. 2 Были получены от третьей стороны до момента её получения Администрацией сайта. 7. 2. 3 Были разглашены с согласия Пользователя. 8. РАЗРЕШЕНИЕ СПОРОВ 8. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the administration's responsibility regarding personal data and does not mention sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: Using these enterotypes, microbiome-based nutritional or drug metabolism can be estimated and clinically useful to prevent idiosyncratic hypersensitivity to food and drugs, and metabolic activation-induced toxicity [3]. Moreover, nutritional recommendation could be individually selected based on personal enterotypes to control the metabolism-linked disorders such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity [4]. In response to dietary mucosal exposome, resilience of microbiome can be developed. The degree of resilience is the amount of stress or perturbation that a system can tolerate the changes to a different equilibrium stable state [5]. The species diversity is crucial for maintaining conferring resilience since species-rich communities containing microorganisms efficiently utilizing the limiting resources are less susceptible to invasion by different species specialized to potentially use the limiting resource. In addition, functional diversity is also important to keep the microbiome resilience. Human gut-adapted bacteria are prone to show functional redundancy even though they are phylogenetically disparate [6]. For instance, in response to an X component, a previously rare X-metabolizing microbe can be abundant to replace the niche that had been dominated by a microorganism with higher aversion to X, which indicates the community keeps the stable condition with high resilience although phylogenetically typical groups are missing in response to some stressors. The representative xenobiotic components in the mucosal exposome include drugs, nutrients and other adverse factors such as foodborne pathogens, biological toxins and other synthetic contaminants. The gastrointestinal exposome is the integration of the external components with all mucosal microbiome which function in both the gut physiology and pathology during the entire lifespan [7, 8]. The homeostatic mucosal network would contribute to the stable equilibrium of the microbiome and host integrity. For instance, a high-fat diet (HFD) can change the dominancy and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, sometimes independent of status of host disease. HFD reduces the proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes and increases the proportions of phylum Proteobacteria [9]; whereas high-fiber containing food, such as important non-digestible plant carbohydrates, increases the proportion of Firmicutes bacteria [10]. In addition to the nutritional regulation, host-derived defense molecules can determine the characteristic microbiome profile. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing concepts around the resilience and diversity of the microbiome in relation to health outcomes. It indicates that maintaining a balanced microbiome contributes to 'resilience' which is associated with preventing adverse health conditions like metabolic disorders. It mentions that depletion of microbial diversity, for example due to a high-fat diet, can affect the gut microbiota composition, hinting at its importance in health and disease prevention. This aligns with the claim that a balanced microbiome is crucial for overall health.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: Weller et al. (2015) emphasized how customization is effortless with 3D printing and affirming that added detail comes at no additional cost unlike use of conventional technologies. Nike and the aerospace industry have supported and integrated this into their shoes and plane parts, respectively. Moreover, increased product complexity does not necessarily mean increased costs allowing further individualization from AM, which is different from other manufacturing processes (Reeves 2009). Apparel designers’ readiness for 3DAlthough it is safe to assume that some artists and designers are familiar with this type of technology, not all are experts. 3D technology requires working in three dimensions, which means people have to be able to think in three dimensions; that is, they must engage in divergent thinking, approaching a problem from various angles (Hoskins 2013). As an example, sharing a design now involves sending a. stl file rather than an actual product (Campbell et al. 2011) truly making 3D printing the disruptive technology everyone is talking about now. In actuality, apparel and fashion designers are by their nature divergent thinkers, making them well equipped to use 3D printing and technology since they already understand the human body and know how to change something from 2D to 3D. Examples include moving from flat pattern to a garment and using software to create endless possibilities of silhouettes and shapes never before attempted in garments. However, knowing how to convert flat patterns to a 3D garment does not necessarily help apparel designers adjust to using 3D modelling and printing technology (Sun and Lu 2015). Apparel designers face a steep learning curve when adopting 3DP technology (Kwon et al. 2017). Although adoption of 3DP technology has its challenges, there are several advantages to fashion designers’ utilizing this technology. The apparel and fashion designers’ ability to 3D scan a body could lead to the elimination of prototyping, as the scan can put a person’s exact measurements into a CAD program. From there, a garment, accessory, or brace can be created to the exact shape of the body, with no alterations, and be printed exactly to fit (Sun and Lu 2015). Another advantage of 3D technology is the way in which alterations can be done through software rather than altering a pattern by hand, which is still widely done today. The former can lead to further creativity in pattern making (Shin et al. 2016). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities and challenges associated with adopting 3D printing technology in fashion design, which implies that while this technology may reduce waste in some aspects, it does not eliminate all environmental impacts associated with clothing production. It highlights the steep learning curve designers face in utilizing this technology and indicates that there are still traditional processes involved, suggesting that zero-waste fashion does not completely eliminate environmental impact.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 До обращения в суд с иском по спорам, возникающим из отношений между Пользователем и Администрацией сайта, обязательным является предъявление претензии (письменного предложения о добровольном урегулировании спора). 8. 2 Получатель претензии в течение 30 календарных дней со дня получения претензии, письменно уведомляет заявителя претензии о результатах рассмотрения претензии. 8. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses procedural aspects related to legal disputes and does not mention sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: For example, some of gut microbes can utilize mucosal mucins and a microbial preference for the complex glycan of mucin can promote the growth of a number of mucin-degrading bacteria, which may facilitate microbial translocation to lamina propria and circulatory system [11]. The mucosal exposome-associated mucosal disruption can result in various types of human diseases and the following sections will address the mucosal exposome-disrupted or –promoted human health, based on dynamic gastrointestinal interactions between food components, the gut microbiota, and host responses. The crosstalk occurring in the microbiome-linked gastrointestinal exposome would provide new insight into disease progression and its intervention. Various types of mucosal diseases are associated with the impaired tolerance to gut commensal bacteria [12, 13]. For example, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are likely to have abnormal changes in gut microbial composition (dysbiosis). Technically through the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, the intestinal microbial diversity in IBD patients may be decreased [14, 15]. In addition to the diversity, the richness index of the gut bacterial species is also reduced in the IBD patients. As a potent etiological factor of chronic colitis including IBD, exposure to ribosome-inactivating foodborne toxins (ribotoxins) such as trichothecene mycotoxins, ricin and shiga toxins has been known to cause severe intestinal inflammatory disorders [16]. Although the gut microbes can alter the binding and toxicity of the ribotoxins [17, 18], the ribotoxins reciprocally can increase the intestinal composition of aerobic bacteria including aerobic mesophilic bacteria and the richness of gut microbiome in the animal model [19, 20], which is a similar pattern of microbial dysbiosis in gut of IBD patients. Go to: -microbiota can interact with the chemical exposome in four ways. As described in the previous section, the chemical exposome can alter the composition, diversity and their biological activity of the gut microbiota. In particular, some of chemical xenobiotics can interfere with the metabolic activity of the microbiota-derived drug metabolism. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how disruptions in the gut microbiome, such as those seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can lead to various human diseases. It notes that abnormalities in gut microbial composition (dysbiosis) and decreased microbial diversity are linked to health issues, suggesting that maintaining a balanced microbiome is indeed important for preventing disease. Furthermore, the text mentions interactions between gut microbiota and other factors that affect health, further supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: Actually, some apparel designers already rely on CAD software to create patterns that have specific, advanced measurements (Bodhani 2015). Recently, 3D Systems (2014) released their Bespoke™ braces for chronic condition scoliosis. The process is the same for each patient but the outcome is unique. After being fitted to perfection, the prototype is then made digital where it is altered and personalized even further. Finally, the brace is 3D printed with 3D Systems’ selective laser sintering (SLS) technology. Chinese researchers from the Center in Beijing, in partnership with German MD and Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Hans-Rudolph Weiss, have also utilized 3D printing to create customized scoliosis braces. Their goal was to make them more lightweight, sturdy, and less distinct (Krassenstein 2015) than existing options. Sustainability of 3D printing3D printing is synonymous with sustainability (Gebler et al. 2014). The use of 3D printing in manufacturing can assist in waste reduction. Because the entire object is complete once the printing is complete, nothing needs to be cut away. The object can be finished with sanding and painting if necessary. When applied to the apparel industry, using only 3D printing machinery rather than having a multitude of machines, could drastically cut costs and change the way in which the industry manufactures clothing (Sun and Lu 2015). 3D printing is based on additive technology, which uses only the materials that are required to create the object (Reeves 2009). Sometimes rafts or supports are required to enable the object to build correctly and lift up the printer platform; these create waste (Formlabs 2018). Although 3D printing is a sustainable means of manufacturing, ethical responsibility and environmental impacts must still be kept in mind (Gebler et al. 2014). The fumes and time needed to create a print can pollute but on a much smaller scale than subtractive manufacturing. 3D printing’s waste is only 40% versus the waste produced by subtractive technologies and much of 3D printing waste is recyclable (Berman 2012). 3D printing has already proven to be an economical and cost-effective way for prototyping and manufacturing. The design and prototyping possibilities with 3D printing are limitless. As it uses CAD, a prototype can be quickly rendered and printed by the designer or the manufacturer (Weller et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by explaining that while 3D printing can reduce waste compared to traditional manufacturing processes, it does not completely eliminate environmental impacts. It acknowledges that 'ethical responsibility and environmental impacts must still be kept in mind', indicating that although 3D printing is associated with sustainability and waste reduction, it still has environmental consequences such as fumes and the necessity for support materials which can create waste.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 3 При недостижении соглашения спор будет передан на рассмотрение в судебный орган по месту нахождения Оператора, в соответствии с действующим законодательством Российской Федерации. 8. 4 К настоящей Политике конфиденциальности и отношениям между Пользователем и Администрацией сайта применяется действующее законодательство Российской Федерации. 9. ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ 9. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses legal terms and conditions in the Russian Federation without any mention of sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J 2013;54:2325–2340. . Review 119. . Fermentation in the human large intestine: its physiologic consequences and the potential contribution of prebiotics. J 2011;45 Suppl:S120–S127. de Jonge WJ. Dietary inhibitors of histone deacetylases in intestinal immunity and homeostasis. 2013;4:226. van den The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC. 2016;310:G1138–G1146. . Butyrate suppresses Cox-2 activation in colon cancer cells through HDAC inhibition. 2004;317:463–471. . Diet, metabolites, and “western-lifestyle” inflammatory diseases. Immunity 2014;40:833–842. The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology 2011;141:599–609. 609. e1–609. e3. . Gut microbiota, nutrient sensing and energy balance. Metab 2014;16 Suppl 1:68–76. . Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats. 2016;6:20683. . Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats. Nutr 2016;55:2399–2409. Xylooligosaccharide supplementation alters gut bacteria in both healthy and prediabetic adults: a pilot study. 2015;6:216. . Food, immunity, and the microbiome. Gastroenterology 2015;148:1107–1119. Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22. Immunity 2013;39:372–385. . Tissue distribution of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the intestine: Implication of putative roles in tumor suppression. Res 2016;343:126–134. . The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in barrier organ physiology, immunology, and toxicology. 2015;67:259–279. . [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provides a detailed explanation of various studies that discuss the interplay between gut microbiota, dietary components, and health outcomes. For instance, it mentions the role of short-chain fatty acids and their physiological consequences on gut health, which directly supports the claim that a balanced microbiome contributes to overall health and may help in disease prevention through mechanisms like immune regulation and nutrient sensing.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: 2015) allowing them to decide, before mass production, whether or not the outcome meets their expectations. Additionally, designers and manufacturers may even print on-the-spot for consumers further eliminating waste. From a sustainability perspective, 3D printing also has the possibility of extending the life of a garment by assisting in making it multi-functional. For example, the dress may function as a full-length gown or as a mini dress, the silhouette and texture changing along with the length (Koo and Zarate 2015). 3D printing is a tool for designers that reduces waste by rapid prototyping. However, the application of a zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009) to eliminate waste in the processes of creating innovative 3D printing designs has not been a consideration. That being said, 3D printing has the potential to add another perspective to sustainable fashion (Tania 2017). MethodsMany researchers are exploring the potential of 3D printing but none have applied the philosophy of zero-waste to their designs. In this project, each design researcher took a different creative approach to designing and printing sustainable fashion notions. has over 20 years and has 3 years of design experience. The former created a cape and strove to design buttons (notions) using 3D printing technology. The latter created jewelry (pendants and earrings). These fashion items were designed with different sources of inspiration but with the same end goal of creating fashion items that are zero-waste and made from sustainable materials. The intent of this research was to develop a design process that minimized waste from 3D printing, ensuring a sustainable process and fashion outcome. Design as researchResearch is a systematic investigation of new ideas, solving problems and exploring outcomes that generate knowledge. Design is a purposeful arrangement of elements (Neuhart et al. 1989). As the fashion industry flourishes through change, fashion designers are constantly engaged in researching new designs, uses, materials, and perspectives (Seivewright 2012). Design as research is inquiry embedded in the design process (Chi 2001; Joost et al. 2016). It uses diverse strategies such as a study of materials, technologies, or developing products and services. Design as research “offers a medium of investigation for questions of broad concern [through practicing design] as a pursuit of knowledge, understanding” (Chi 2001, p. 250). In this paper, that concern is developing products utilizing zero-waste philosophy to ensure more sustainable fashion items. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the limitations of zero-waste fashion in the context of 3D printing. While it acknowledges that 3D printing can reduce waste, it explicitly mentions that the application of a zero-waste philosophy 'has not been a consideration' in the designs explored by researchers. This indicates that zero-waste practices do not inherently eliminate all environmental impacts in the production of clothing.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1 Администрация сайта вправе вносить изменения в настоящую Политику конфиденциальности без согласия Пользователя. 9. 2 Новая Политика конфиденциальности вступает в силу с момента ее размещения на сайте, если иное не предусмотрено новой редакцией Политики конфиденциальности. 9. 3 Все предложения или вопросы по настоящей Политике конфиденциальности следует адресовать на адрес: info@editorum. ru 9. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses website privacy policy without any mention of sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Maintaining a balanced microbiome is linked to overall health and disease prevention. [SEP] Text: Thus, interventions aiming to maintain or improve chronically ill patients’ well-being by preventing disease onset, promoting healthier lifestyles and social engagement, and aiding the development of self-management abilities are an important complement to population health management [15–18]. Management of overall well-beingIndividuals’ ability to achieve well-being can be assessed with great specificity through the application of social production function (SPF) theory. SPF theory, developed by Lindenberg [19], is based on the concept that people make diverse efforts to improve their living conditions, with the overall aim of achieving physical and social well-being. It assumes that as a society, we try to protect well-being by providing care and support to those who depend on it, for example because of functional limitations. The best organisation of such care depends on the manner in which it contributes to well-being. Thus, the determinants of well-being and the best approaches to improving it must be established. Well-being is a broad concept with physical and social dimensions. Physical well-being is a construct involving optimal comfort and adequate physical and mental stimulation. The state of comfort, which has somatic and emotional components, comprises the presence of a safe, pleasant environment and the absence of physiological needs (i. e. pain, hunger, and thirst). Social well-being can be achieved by obtaining status (social ranking, e. g. based on occupation, lifestyle, or talents), behavioural confirmation (living according to relevant others’ or one’s own norms), and affection (friendship, intimacy, and emotional support, e. g. from a partner, children, or loved ones) [20, 21]. Physical and social well-being are achieved on the way to the ultimate goal of overall subjective well-being (optimal quality of life or mental well-being) [21]. By recognising the hierarchy of well-being goals, we can better understand the impacts of chronic illnesses and the functional limitations that come with it, and thereby determine the types of care and support that individuals require. This theory thus asserts that people produce their own well-being by trying to optimise the achievement of instrumental goals (stimulation, comfort, status, behavioural confirmation, affection) that provide the means to achieve the larger, universal goals of physical and social well-being (Fig. 1) [9]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by emphasizing how interventions aimed at maintaining well-being can help prevent disease onset and promote overall health. It discusses the importance of physical and social well-being in contributing to subjective well-being and highlights that care and support are necessary for those with chronic illnesses, linking the management of well-being to health outcomes.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: They decided to use both Tinkercad, as it proved to be easy to use for basic shapes, and Rhinoceros 5 CAD tools for the extensive, detailed, and complicated design work. 3D design processcreated Design 1 Ensemble consisting of a cape and eight decorative, customized, layered buttons. Tinkercad was used to generate the alphabets and create holes in the buttons. Rhinoceros 5 was used to layer the word or shape in relief on the button. created Design 2 Ensemble comprised of five statement necklace pendants and two pairs of earrings. Their designs emerged from exploring design as well as 3D modelling software in creating unique shapes and structures ensuring durability and zero-waste and using minimum plastic. Respecting the principle of sustainability, the researchers abstained from buying new colors of materials utilizing those already available at their institution. Maker2 is capable of printing from PLA, flexible filament, ABS and other materials. PLA filament was selected, as it is a biodegradable plant-based plastic. Both researchers used Maker2 and available PLA plastic in white, clear, and blue colors (reducing waste). The settings of the Makerwere explored for best design output. Settings include standard, low, or high quality profile to slice the 3D model. The quality profile defines the speed of operation, layer thickness, and surface texture. Layer height determines surface smoothness and is associated with quality and speed. Infill and number of shells determine the product’s internal strength, weight, and durability. Sustainability 3D design strategyIn their creative design as research method, the researchers hoped to develop a 3D process for building fashion notions and jewelry that yielded zero-waste. To that end, following a steep learning curve facilitated by Lynda. com tutorials, as well as several trial runs on the CAD-based tools, 3D modeling MakerBot software, and the 3D printer platform, the researchers developed expertise in design and design strategies. During the learning process, researchers were able to identify limitations and create desired shapes without waste. Intricate designs in additive 3D printing typically require rafts and supporters. After printing, the raft and support have to be separated from the item in a tedious, unsustainable process, becoming waste (Formlabs 2018). Objects in this zero-waste project were designed thoughtfully, avoiding uneven or sharply angled surfaces to be printed that would need rafts and supporters. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by detailing the challenges and limitations of achieving true zero-waste in fashion. Specifically, it mentions that 'intricate designs in additive 3D printing typically require rafts and supporters,' which generate additional waste during the printing process. This indicates that while the researchers aim for a zero-waste outcome, the reality of the design and printing processes introduces elements of waste, contradicting the claim that zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 4 Действующая Политика конфиденциальности размещена на странице по адресу Agreement ООО «Эдиторум» (адрес: 127282, г. Москва, ул. Полярная, д. 31В, стр. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not provide any information regarding sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field. Instead, it appears to be a policy notice from a company, unrelated to the claim's subject matter.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insects are rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious food source. [SEP] Text: Ocena stanu zaopatrzenia w witaminę D w populacji osób dorosłych w Polsce [Assessment of the supply of vitamin D in the adult population in Poland]. Stand Med. Pediatr. 2014;11:609-617. 38. Walicka M, Jasik A, Paczyńska M, Wąsowski M, Tałataj M, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E. Niedobór witaminy D - problem społeczny [deficiency - a social problem]. Med. 2019;32(1):14-22. 39. Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019 Aug;366. 40. Lisowska K, Bryl E. Rola witaminy D w rozwoju chorób autoimmunologicznych [The role of vitamin D in the development of autoimmune diseases]. Med Dosw. 2017;71(1):797-810. 41. Kemnic TR, Coleman M. Deficiency. In: Abai B, Abu-Ghosh A. , editors. StatPearls [Internet]. (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. Available from: 42. Szeleszczuk Ł, Kuras M. Znaczenie wapnia w metabolizmie człowieka i czynniki wpływające na jego biodostępność w diecie [The importance of calcium in human metabolism and factors affecting his biodability in diet]. Farm. 2014;3:16-22. 43. Suliburska J, Król W, Staniek H, Wójciak R, Reguła J, Marcinek K, Krejpcio Z. Ocena stanu odżywienia wapniem, magnezem, żelazem, cynkiem i miedzią kobiet w wieku 18-70 lat na podstawie analizy włosów [Assessment of nutritional status of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper for women aged 18-70 based on hairanalysis]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses various studies and assessments related to vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper in different populations rather than addressing the nutritional value of insects. Therefore, it does not corroborate or contrast the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: The width of the printed design details was sized to ensure that it was sturdy enough to hold the structure together and narrow enough to be lifted off the printing platform. Each item was designed with a durable flat base, as well as balanced, solid fills and meshes, with no overhanging parts, negating the need for supporters. These objects were then printed, lifted off the printing platform, and sanded to clean the edges as needed. Painter’s tape sheets were used to facilitate easy removal of the printed object from the printer. ResultsDesign 1 ensembleexplored her personal sustainable fabric collection to find a medium for a 3D printing fashion accessory. The inspiration for the design 1 ensemble of button accessories and a cape came from a fabric remnant from a vertically integrated woolen mill. The jacquard fabric’s surface design reflected regional pride (lakes, rivers). The fabric weight, limited remnant yardage, and the goal of zero-waste steered the garment design toward a contemporary-style cape with an oversized draped collar. The poncho-style cape was purposefully draped to display the Mississippi river (front view), key lakes at prominent locations (side arm drape), and to ensure maximum utilization of the fabric. was able to utilize 95% of the fabric. The cape was sewn and pieced together with flat seaming to manage bulk. The front was adorned with customized zero-waste 3D printed buttons to complement the fabric design. Two fabric-covered snaps were applied to create the closure. The raw edges were finished with a 3/8th” fringe for the hem and collar and a blanket stitch for the placket using yarns extracted from the fabric. These design decisions reflect the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009). This fabric choice and cape design inspired letter-layered buttons with the name of the state and map in relief (see Figs. 1, 2, 3). The buttons complement the jacquard design of the local, biodegradable wool fabric that had a woven street and lake map of the state. To create the buttons, started with the base letter shape and added holes using Tinkercad. Then, advanced Rhinoceros 5 was used to design the layering on the buttons. The buttons for letters A, E, I, M, N, and T have a word layered in the relief. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various design and construction methods that are employed to minimize waste, such as utilizing 95% of the fabric and adhering to a zero-waste philosophy. However, it does not claim or imply that zero-waste fashion completely eliminates environmental impacts; rather, it highlights efforts to reduce waste in the fashion design process. This suggests that while zero-waste fashion may mitigate some negative environmental effects, it does not entirely eliminate them.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: 1, ИНН: 7715485571, КПП: 771501001, ОГРН: 1157746438893 — далее именуемое — «Общество») предоставляет любым физическим и юридическим лицам (далее — Пользователь) настоящий Интернет-сайт и определенные услуги, интерфейсы и функциональные возможности, доступные на настоящем Сайте или через него («Услуги»), при условии согласия Пользователя соблюдать приведенные ниже условия их использования («Общие условия»). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the terms of service of an internet site and does not mention sea turtles or navigation methods at all.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: 1 IntroductionThe term ‘digital nomad’ is still being defined and this paper does not attempt a full definition. However, journalistic and scholarly sources often define digital nomads as young, work-oriented professionals who reject outwardly imposed structures of traditional office work—such as the 9 to 5—and place value on autonomy, flexibility and the ability to travel and work where they please (e. g. Hart 2015; Spinks 2015; Müller 2016; Reichenberger 2017; Schlagwein 2018a; Thompson 2018a). Sites of tourism that offer lower living costs than cities in the Global North, particularly in Thailand, Bali in Indonesia and more recently Medellín in Columbia, are the clichéd and most blogged about digital nomad centres (Hart 2015; Spinks 2015). Online resources such as (nomadlist. com) rate many more cities and locations across the world and they can even be filtered and ranked based on internet speed, quality of life and cost of living. Services like these offer digital nomads an ever-changing menu of locations and backdrops. A nuanced but important distinction noted by some scholars is that whereas business travellers travel for limited periods of time because of their work, digital nomads attempt to gain freedom by travelling whilst working (Müller 2016, p. 346; Reichenberger 2017, p. 15). This raises interesting questions about the boundaries between generalised concepts of work, leisure and freedom. This research shows that digital nomads attempt to challenge these work/leisure boundaries in the pursuit of freedom, but in doing so face unforeseen challenges. ‘Digital nomad’ is not the only term for this emerging and subjective category of worker. Whilst the term may have both hopeful and derogatory connotations, terms such as ‘location-independent’ and ‘remote worker’ are sometimes used as more neutral alternatives. Conversely, pejorative terms like ‘digital gonad’ and ‘digital bromad’ are circulated in critiques of the digital nomad lifestyle on social media and in online blogs (e. g. Reddit 2018; Wallace 2020). As the term is contested, digital nomadism is often more easily defined by what it is not. In this study, self-described digital nomads, ex-pats and local populations where the digital nomad research was being conducted (e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how digital nomads are defined as young, work-oriented professionals who value autonomy and flexibility, allowing them to travel while working. It emphasizes that digital nomads choose to work from various locations around the world, challenging traditional work structures, thus supporting the notion that they work remotely while traveling and leveraging technology for flexible employment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: As each pendant was of slightly different complexity than the others, each one took a different amount of time to print. Pendants numbered one through five (Figs. 4a–c, 5a, b, 6a, b, 7, 8a, b) took 1 h and 18 min, 1 h and 14 min, 1 h and 6 min, 56 min, and 40 respectively. In total, printing time was 5 h and 14 min (average 1 h per pendant). The time for printing varied based on the pendant thickness and extruder’s movement for the design. also used gold paint finishing for two pendants to replicate metallic jewelry. The researcher explored sustainable paints but eventually used craft store plastic friendly paints for aesthetics. Design 4 was painted using a brush, thereby preserving the surface texture of the pendant. Design 5 was painted using spray paint resulting in loss of surface texture. Each pendant was designed to include a variety of curves, points, thicknesses, and textures. These designs are only possible using Rhinoceros 5. The smaller earrings took much less time to print than the pendants; averaging 15 min each (see Fig. 4b). If required, the final prints were hand sanded to remove rough edges. developed intermediate skills in designing and printing in 3D. These designs can also be refined in terms of sustainability by exploring layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature. DiscussionDesign work as well as research and literature on 3D printing in fashion is in its infancy. Readiness to use this technology is on a continuum with many researchers exploring its potential and fewer designers actually successfully applying 3D printing to their work. Iris van Herpen, Shapeways, and Cubify are some of the leading designers and 3D companies but none of them have applied the philosophy of zero-waste to their design process as was reported herein. The authors were inspired by the zero-waste philosophy (Zero-waste 2009), which gives fashion designers the opportunity to change the industry. The fashion items developed were created without generating any waste demonstrating a process that contributes to the body of knowledge on 3D printing with PLA plastic for the fashion industry. 3D printing additive technology provides unlimited geometrical freedom (Campbell et al. 2011). It is also considered sustainable as it directly prints the design (Gebler et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by pointing out that while the researchers were inspired by zero-waste philosophy and produced fashion items without generating waste, they acknowledge that leading designers and companies have not yet applied this philosophy in their design processes. This implies that zero-waste fashion may not completely eliminate environmental impact, as it is still a developing practice and not universally adopted, suggesting that some environmental impacts may persist.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Использование Пользователем настоящего Сайта или пользование Услугами означает согласие Пользователя с Общими условиями. После принятия Общих условий они станут обязательным для исполнения соглашением между Обществом и Пользователем и будут регулировать использование Пользователем Сайта или пользование Услугами («Договор»). Если Пользователь не желает соблюдать Общие условия, он должен немедленно прекратить использование настоящего Сайта или Услуг. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the terms of use for a website and does not mention sea turtles or navigation in any context related to the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Chiang Mai) were shown a simple diagram showing two intersecting rating scales: high/low mobility and work/nonwork (Fig. 1). They were invited to plot themselves on the diagram, and also to discuss where categories, stereotypes or groups might sit. This activity generated many discussions; however, four key themes clearly emerged. First, digital nomads rejected the label ‘tourist’. Second, Western ex-pats living in digital nomad hotspots differentiated themselves from digital nomads, whom they described as transient. Third, Thai locals were mostly unaware of the digital nomad term and simply used the term ‘farang’, which roughly translates as ‘Westerner’ or ‘foreigner’. Finally, most digital nomads subjectively rated themselves as highly mobile and work focused. Fig. 1Two intersecting rating scales: high/low mobility and work/nonwork. The diagram shows that most self-described digital nomads subjectively rated themselves as highly mobile and work focused. The positioning of other categories on this diagram also came out of subjective discussions and should be considered as such. Diagram: Full size image1. 1 The freedom/discipline paradoxPutting aside the ongoing task of definition, this research presents data on digital nomads encountered in coworking spaces in Thailand, who all have three qualities in common. All self-identified as digital nomads, all were travelling while they worked (or attempted to work) and none were permanently settling in the countries they were visiting. More noteworthy, and often overlooked in definitions of digital nomadism, is that everyone in this study demonstrated a growing preoccupation with disciplining and self-disciplining practices. This paper explores the nature of this preoccupation, what it might mean, and why these practices only revealed themselves over time. For example, one digital nomad who publicly blogged about digital nomad burnout (Applebee 2017) reflected back on his experience a few years later. He explained that it was only when he noticed himself engaging in highly disciplined time-management strategies that he realised that things were going wrong: was a nomad, I was switched on 24/7. I told everyone else, and myself, that this was OK. I didn’t have a concept of free time until I found myself scheduling four-hour meetings in my diary titled: downtime. It is insane. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing evidence that digital nomads are engaged in work while traveling. It states that the individuals studied self-identified as digital nomads, were traveling while they worked, and none were permanently settling in the countries they visited. This aligns with the idea of working remotely as they travel and using technology to facilitate their employment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: 2014); however, by default, the printer chooses to include rafts and, in some cases, supporters to accurately print the design using the CAD file blueprint. These rafts and supporters are waste materials that have to be removed from the printed object after printing is completed. Fortunately, Berman (2012) reported that waste generation in additive printing is only 40% and recyclable. However, even 40% is too high for a zero-waste philosophy. Consequently, the authors employed a design as research method and experimented with design strategies to be able to print without the use of rafts and supporters eliminating waste creation. They successfully designed and printed zero-waste notions and accessories made from biodegradable material using Maker2 printer. This project is the first successful attempt at 3D printing for zero-waste fashion notions and accessories. The 3D printing technology industries are challenged to develop sustainable and durable materials as well as equipment that can print any design without waste. Such developments enhance the creativity and sustainability of 3D printing, especially if they respect the Foundation’s (2015) fair-trade filament standards. However, as Pei et al. (2015) observed because the 3D filament material (PLA) used in our process is water soluble, future designers may need to use a different plastic as well as a different 3D printer to create zero-waste notions that can be applied to ready-to-wear washable garments. Designers may not be able to use biodegradable material. To address this possible sustainability and waste issue, additional research on washability and durability is needed to supply information on the suitability of the raw materials for end uses. Samuels and Flowers (2015) reported that PLA appliqués remained attached after a 45-min detergent-free, delicate wash cycle with warm water. They speculated, however, that “rougher washing cycles, higher wash temperatures, detergents, and dryer temperatures may cause PLA breakdown” (p. 20). In the future, when embracing the zero-waste philosophy, 3D printing technology industries will need to develop non-water soluble, sustainable extrusion filaments for use in apparel and fashion. Both researchers experienced a steep learning curve when learning to use the 3D design tools (Fabian 2017; Kwon et al. 2017). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while there are attempts to innovate zero-waste 3D printing techniques, the processes still create waste and rely on materials that may not align completely with a zero-waste philosophy. For example, it mentions that even in additive printing, there is a waste generation of 40%, and that achieving a zero-waste outcome will require further research into suitable materials for sustainable practices. Additionally, it highlights challenges associated with the materials used and suggests that more developments are needed to align with a truly zero-waste approach.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Время от времени Общество может менять условия и положения, изложенные ниже. Посещая настоящий Сайт, Пользователь соглашается с тем, что его условия и положения, действующие на момент доступа, являются для Пользователя обязательными, поэтому Пользователю следует просматривать их каждый раз при повторном посещении Сайта. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses website terms and conditions, and does not provide any information regarding sea turtles or their navigation methods.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: I look back at this period in my life and wonder why it took so long to burn out. (Interview with Sam Applebee, social entrepreneur and former digital nomad, September 2019) For many digital nomads, how freedom is experienced is often very different to how they first imagined it to be. This paper explores the nuances behind this paradoxical tension between discipline and freedom. 1. 2 Freedom and the digital nomad imaginationDigital nomads rarely start out worrying about burnout. Digital nomadism is profoundly influenced by the language of imagination, possibility and techno-utopianism. Indeed, a remarkably prescient prediction of the technologies that would enable the lifestyle was described by Makimoto and Manners (1997, p. 35). This prediction came at least a decade before the technological and communication infrastructures became widely enough available to make the lifestyle practical. Genealogies of how digital nomadism emerged are scarce and subjective (Gilbert 2013; Schlagwein 2018b) and idealised accounts have since dominated the public image of digital nomads. As a result, by the mid 2010s the trope of happy millennials travelling the world, working with laptops on far-flung beaches, became the dominant utopian narrative presented in the media (Hart 2015; Spinks 2015). The media routinely report that the main motivational push behind digital nomadism is a desire to escape the coercive, disciplining structures of the contemporary workplace, especially 9 to 5 obligations, presenteeism, micromanagement and the daily commute (e. g. Ferris 2007; Hart 2015; Spinks 2015) and this has also been noted in research on digital nomads (Reichenberger 2017, p. 1; Nash et al. 2018, p. 207). Academics are now beginning to note that the digital nomad dream is also often expressed as a desire to gain a symbolic or generalised feeling of freedom, autonomy and self-determination (Müller 2016, p. 345; Reichenberger 2017, p. 2; Thompson 2018a, p. 23). For digital nomads ‘true freedom’ is often framed in two ways. The first framing is hypermobile freedom: precisely, the ability to frequently change location. Accordingly, suggests three categories of digital nomadism on an ascending scale of mobility, and this builds on the idea that frequent travel confers cultural capital on to digital nomads (Bourdieu 1985). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the lifestyle of digital nomads, highlighting how their choice to work remotely and travel is influenced by a desire for freedom from traditional workplace structures. It mentions how digital nomadism is shaped by the availability of certain technologies that enable this lifestyle, thereby supporting the assertion that digital nomads leverage technology for flexible employment while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: The learning curve matters because it will require academia to train future professionals to be adept in existing and upcoming 3D technologies. Several variables that can be manipulated on the 3D printer’s desktop and firmware also require training and practice to get optimum design results. University-level training will be a challenge given the time commitment to learn the software. For example, a 3taught in a Korean university required 4 weeks of a 16-week course to train students on Rhinoceros 5 tools and functions (Kwon et al. 2017). Despite this learning curve, educating and socializing the next generation of fashion and design professionals to embrace the zero-waste philosophy, in concert with providing 3D technical training and developing practical skills, bodes well for sustainable 3D fashion design at academic, practitioner, and industry levels. LimitationsThis design as research was limited because of the shortcomings of the Maker2 3D Desktop printer. The research was further limited by the size of build plate and type of filament used in addition to the challenges of learning the engineering-based CAD software Rhinoceros 5. Kwon et al. (2017) also reported difficulties in quickly learning Rhinoceros. Because the MakerBot prints with only PLA or ABS filaments, consideration of other durable (washable) and sustainable materials is necessary for future research. Future researchers could also explore other research variables including layer height, printing speed and quality, infill, number of shells, and extruder temperature, or other printers and materials. These may affect zero-waste achievements. Other sustainability issues related to 3D printing include emission of toxic gases and use of electric power and heat generation, issues that are beyond the scope of this paper. Such research could help this technology to storm the fashion world. Finally, although the authors were able to explore and design notions and jewelry, exploration of other available technologies and materials will facilitate further research in the area of producing sustainable, zero-waste 3D fashion items. ConclusionsThere is a huge potential to use this disruptive technology in designing and creating fashions that are unique, sustainable (zero-waste), and made-on-demand. The free availability and accessibility of many design software and 3D printers (Fabian 2017) allows designers to experiment and develop ideas that can transform the design industry in a big way. This technology is providing a landscape where humans and computers collaborate in design creation (Tania 2017). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting various challenges and limitations associated with achieving zero-waste fashion through technologies such as 3D printing. It mentions sustainability issues including the emission of toxic gases and the use of electric power, which suggest that zero-waste fashion does not completely eliminate environmental impact. Additionally, it notes that future research could explore other sustainable materials, indicating that there are still unresolved environmental impacts related to the current technologies and methods.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Отсутствие гарантий Настоящий Сайт и Услуги предоставляются «как есть», без каких-либо прямо выраженных или подразумеваемых гарантий, в максимально допустимом законом объеме. Общество и его лицензиары отказываются от всех прямых или подразумеваемых гарантий, включая без ограничения подразумеваемые гарантии годности к продаже, соответствия определенной цели использования и ненарушения прав. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the absence of guarantees for a website and services provided, which does not relate to the navigation of sea turtles or the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Level one denotes those with the capacity to be mobile workers via digital technology but who are primarily static. Level two denotes people who have a home base but travel and work intermittently. Level three denotes those who travel and work constantly, with no home base (Reichenberger 2017, p. 8). In her paper Reichenberger states that her sample focuses on ‘digital nomads on the second or third level’ because she is studying the ‘role of travel and its relation to work’ (Reichenberger 2017, p. 8). accept this focus and classification in the context of her research, there were some informants in the study I present here who aspired to work but were not yet working. Therefore, in this paper the digital nomad definition is expanded to include those who are highly mobile, are working, and also those attempting to work. This latter category is very important because digital nomad conferences, meet-ups, mail lists, Facebook groups and even coworking spaces are frequently populated by people in the process of trying to imagine, plan or set up a digital nomad lifestyle. Nonetheless, Reichenberger’s categories are helpful because deeply embedded value judgements, notions of digital nomad authenticity, and questions about how successfully mobile (and global) a person might be, often surface in ethnographic accounts. For example, minimalism, and even the ability to glide through airports with carry-on luggage, are examples of how concepts of freedom and mobility become hybridised (Nash et al. 2018, 1. 3 Digital nomadism and the importance of discipline in everyday lifeDespite this awareness that freedom is central to the experience of digital nomadism, there have not yet been any studies that explore how these valorised concepts of freedom, autonomy and self-determination become practised in the everyday lives of digital nomads. This research paper sets out to remedy this by exploring what happens when digital nomads attempt to transform these ideals into everyday practice. This research finds that in practice digital nomadism is not always experienced as autonomous and free but is a way of living that requires high levels of engagement with various levels of discipline. It examines how digital nomads practise and experience these different types of discipline over time. This paper also highlights the importance of longitudinal ethnographic research when investigating long-term travel and lifestyle changes that occur and adapt over time. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the concept of digital nomads as individuals who are highly mobile and work while traveling. It mentions that Reichenberger's classification includes those who travel frequently and work remotely, aligning directly with the claim's assertion about digital nomads leveraging technology for flexible employment. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the experience of digital nomadism, which includes working and traveling, thus supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Zero-waste fashion completely eliminates any environmental impact of clothing. [SEP] Text: Indeed, the design as research approach used herein yielded zero-waste fashion accessories created through the interaction of the designers’ thinking and 3D technology (Faste and Faste 2012). Previous researchers (Black 2012; Meyer 2015; Shinet al. 2016; Sun and Lu 2015; Weller et al. 2015; White et al. 2015) have also found prototyping, customization, and on-demand design creation to be a very suitable application of 3D printing. However, none of them considered zero-waste or waste reduction in their design work. Be it rapid prototyping or on-demand creation, 3D printing goes hand-in-hand with sustainability (Gebler et al. 2014). The authors speculate that further strategies to develop critical viewpoint to expand the sustainability attribute and its application through divergent, 3D design thinking, including choice of philosophy, materials and equipment (Hoskins 2013), will shape new narratives of 3D printing and zero-waste, sustainable fashion. 2018. 3D Printing Ally. (n. d. ). 3D printing 101. Retrieved from 3D website Retrieved 4 Aug 2016. 3D Systems. (2014). 3D Systems unveils 3D printed bespoke braces for chronic condition scoliosis [Press release]. Retrieved from Accessed 5 Apr 2018. Berman, B. (2012). 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Business Horizons, 55(2), 152–165. 269. 71. 250. 2018. Fabian. (2017, May 9). Top 20: Most popular 3D modeling & design software for 3D printing (2017 updates) [Web log post]. Retrieved from M. (2017, March 13). Fall 2017 ready-to wear: [Web log post]. Retrieved from T. , & Faste, H. (2012, August 15). Demystifying “design research”: Design is not research, research is design. Paper presented at the. Retrieved from (2018, April). What supports do. Retrieved from Formlabs website J. , Neuhart, M. , & Eames, R. (1989). Eames design: The work of the office of Charles and Ray Eames. New York, NY: Abrams. 98. 571. 224. 67. 2018. Tania, R. T. (2017). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the interaction of designers’ thinking and 3D technology in creating zero-waste fashion accessories. It highlights that while zero-waste fashion practices are present, previous researchers did not consider zero-waste or waste reduction in their design work. It implies that achieving zero-waste does not necessarily eliminate all environmental impacts, suggesting that more critical strategies are needed to enhance sustainability in fashion.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не дает заверений или гарантий в том, что функциональные возможности или услуги настоящего Сайта будут предоставляться бесперебойно, без ошибок, что недостатки будут исправлены или что настоящий Сайт или сервер, поддерживающий доступ к указанному Сайту, не содержат вирусов или иных опасных элементов. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the functionality and service guarantees of a website, with no mention of sea turtles or navigation using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: For example, disciplining practices were rarely mentioned in initial interviews with aspiring digital nomads and only emerged gradually over four years of fieldwork. The following studies on digital nomadism mention concepts related to discipline and productivity. Müller suggests that despite a preoccupation with travel, digital nomads privilege work over leisure and ‘labour productivity is an important feature in the lifestyle of digital nomads’ (Müller 2016, p. 345). Reichenberger also tangentially touches on the need for self-discipline when she describes professional freedom as the ability to: select and structure work-related tasks in a self-imposed manner… driven by the desire to create a more flexible and tailored life outside of externally imposed structures (e. g. specific working times, restricted free time, geographical dependence) (Reichenberger 2017, 1. 4 Towards a definition of digital nomad disciplineIn attending to the importance of discipline in digital nomad practices, two main definitions of discipline are used in this paper: external-discipline and self-discipline. Footnote 1 Examples of externally imposed discipline include set project deadlines and set working hours. Externally imposed discipline can be broken down into two further sub-categories. The first category is a form of external-discipline that is voluntarily entered into, negotiated or even welcomed. For example, a digital nomad might find deadlines helpful as a goal-setting mechanism for motivational purposes. This is referred to as ‘volitional participation’. A second and quite different category is a form of externally imposed discipline that is more forcefully imposed, which might be more commonly experienced in some stereotypical 9 to 5 company cultures. Official warnings for arriving late or missing a deadline are such examples, and this type of discipline is referred to as ‘forceful imposition’. The second definition is self-discipline. Self-discipline is regularly practised and discussed by digital nomads who habitually conceptualise it as an expression of individual self-determination and freedom. For example, phrases such as ‘own it’, ‘the buck stops with me’ or ‘it is all down to me’ were frequently used by digital nomads in this study. Furthermore, self-discipline is usually positioned as directly opposed to outwardly imposed discipline. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the discipline and productivity of digital nomads, which are essential aspects of working remotely. It emphasizes that digital nomads prioritize work over leisure, highlighting their commitment to labor productivity as a defining feature of their lifestyle. The mention of self-discipline points to their ability to manage work in a flexible manner without external constraints, aligning well with the concept of leveraging technology for flexible employment while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: This experiment is part of the Challenge Grant. Browse more projectsCan we produce composite leather by biodegrading textile waste, using mycelium? By Annah-Ololade SangosanyaBacked by Experiment Foundation, Yacine Benkhalifa, Nivek-and 31 other backersène çoise ård, Élodie and Duvan A. : 10. 18258/27735Grant: : Science EngineGrant: Mycological Innovations$3,432Raised of $3,350 Goal102%Funded on 9/20/22Successfully Funded$3,432pledged102%fundedFundedon 9/20/22? How does this work? FollowOverviewMethods(4)Discussion (10)Project ResultsDuring this research, I was able to investigate further the use of the mycelium from basidiomycetes and ascomycetes in the remediation amorphous polymers in an agar setup and of cotton and synthetic textile fibers. This crowdfunding campaign allowed me to develop a mycelium materials lab, develop a protocol for producing mycelium skins in a liquid fermentation setup and identify upcoming challenges to be able to work on textile remediation, such as crystallinity or fitness of the strain used. This project was an opportunity to bring my postgraduate thesis project further and I am now going to dig deeper into the subject of textile bioremediation by doing a PhD at the Brussels. Thank you all again for your support and for following my mushroom adventures ProjectCan textile waste be repurposed and recycled as a raw material for the growth of mycelium leathers? Textile waste is accumulating in landfills due to overcunsumption of garments and poor recycling opportunities. Textile biodegradation by various fungal strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Schyzophyllium comune and Omphalatus nidiformis) will be assessed to find the most efficient strain to biodegrade denim and synthetic textile waste, and which is best for myco-leather production. Ask the ScientistsDiscussionWhat is the context of this research? This experiment was based on the previous observations that most fungal strains are able to biodegrade cellulose but also different types of plastic (PUR and PET), which are the main components of textile. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing difficulties related to textile waste and biodegradation. It highlights that textile waste is accumulating in landfills due to overconsumption and poor recycling opportunities. Furthermore, it mentions identifying challenges in the process of textile remediation, which implies that changes or adaptations (like developing mycelium materials) may be necessary to effectively manage textile waste, contradicting the assertion that every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Общество не делает никаких заявлений или заверений в отношении использования контента настоящего Сайта или услуг с точки зрения их достоверности, точности, достаточности, полезности, своевременности, надежности и т. д. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not address sea turtles, navigation, or the Earth's magnetic field in any context. It instead discusses the reliability and accuracy of the site's content.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: Similar concerns are noted in studies that describe digital nomadism as a form of flexible precarious work in the gig economy (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, 1. 6 Discipline and the management of work/leisure boundariesThis paper explores the role that these twin concepts of external-discipline and self-discipline play in the lives of digital nomads and finds, paradoxically, that digital nomads put disciplining practices in place in order to separate work and leisure, not to merge them. Work conducted by other anthropologists has also pointed out that the work/home distinction remained relevant after early digital technologies were adopted (Nippert-Eng 1996), and that this distinction still influenced how time is managed and spent. Broadbent pointed out fifteen years later, ‘The separation between workplace and home, derived from the generalization of the organizational models of industrial capitalisms, continues to imply a strong correlation between attention, time and productivity’ (Broadbent 2012, p. 131). The simultaneous erosion of the boundaries between work and leisure, and the paradox that considerable effort is required to separate them (if one is to maintain a work/life balance), has been investigated in more recent studies on the use and impacts of mobile digital devices (Mazmanian et al. 2013; Cousins and Robey 2015; Nelson et al. 2017; Mazmanian 2018). Cousins and Robey clearly described the problem digital nomads might face when they suggested, ‘as work continues to become detached from specific times and places, the management of work-life boundaries will become increasingly important’ (Cousins and Robey 2015, p. 61). has gone further and proposed that this type of digital labour is increasing in intensity and frequency: ‘Hence, the weight of terms such as “detox” to describe short stints away from technologies of connectivity. Separation takes work, planning, and new forms of communication’ (Mazmanian 2018, p. 3). In the findings section of this paper evidence is presented that shows that digital nomads draw upon significant reserves of creativity, time, effort, work and discipline to maintain a semblance of work/life balance. Digital nomads may appear to reject the traditional office with its impositions, but other bureaucracies and forms of labour quickly emerge. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing digital nomadism as a form of flexible work in the gig economy. It highlights the challenges digital nomads face in managing work and leisure boundaries, indicating their reliance on technology to facilitate their work while traveling. The mention of the necessity for self-discipline and the intentional separation of work and leisure further supports the idea of digital nomads working remotely and employing technology for flexible employment.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: Mycelium is also used for the production of leather-like materials by various companies. In previous experiments, samples of composite flexible mycelium materials were produced through the biodegradation of combinations of denim or synthetic textile waste, food waste and spent coffee grounds using the mycelium of P. ostreatus (oyster), at the scale of a petri dish. Provided the soft nature of the substrate, the composite material was malleable, and therefore interesting for further textile applications. What is the significance of this project? The fashion industry produces over 100 billion garments per year, of which 60% are plastic based and 85% will end up in a dump before the end of the year. Considering that various micro and macro-organisms, such as fungi and more specifically mycelium, are capable of biodegrading cellulose and complex plastic molecules, an opportunity to rethink the linearity of the textile industry emerges. Beyond breaking down the waste products, the mycelium hyphae network can produce mycelium-based materials, including leather-like materials, adoptable in the fashion industry. Producing a composite mycelium leather from the textile waste, forming a new textile from it and repeating the loop represents a way to eliminate the accumulation problem and replace it with natural solutions. What are the goals of the project? The first goal is to compare the biodegradation of denim textile waste and synthetic textile waste by P. ostreatus, O. nidiformis and S. comune in petri dishes (3 replicates for each textile type and for each strain) using the velocity of colonization as a criteria. Second is to enhance the quality of the composite leather already developped by repeating the previous experiments in an incubator controling temperature, humidity and CO2. Third, to enhance the quality of the composite leather already developped, especifically the resistance to tearing by felting the fibers prior to inoculation, using the best strain. And last, to upscale the size of the composite leather production to reach 3 sheets of 50cm x 50cm and make a design object out of it (bag). wait. . . Through previous experiments, DIY (Yourself) scientific tools were used and these low means already led to promising results. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the significant challenges in achieving zero-waste in the textile industry, emphasizing the need for biodegradation and the development of new materials from waste. It highlights that while mycelium can be used to create alternative leather-like materials from textile waste, this process is not indicative of zero-waste for every textile product without design interventions. The detailed experiments focus on waste biodegradation and creating new materials, suggesting that a lack of design changes alone would not fulfill the zero-waste objective.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Ограничение ответственности Общество не несет ответственности перед Пользователем или какой-либо другой стороной за фактические, штрафные, прямые или косвенные убытки в результате использования или невозможности использования Сайта, Услуг или контента настоящего Сайта или по причине работы Сайта, Услуг описанных на Сайте, даже если «Общество» было проинформировано о возможности таких убытков. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the liability of a society regarding the use of a website, which has no connection to the navigation of sea turtles using the Earth's magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: These forms of digital labour partially explain Mazmanian’s framing of the contemporary worker as a worker/smartphone hybrid (Mazmanian 2018, p. 3). Indeed, this paper explores the hybridised, embedded and sometimes coercive time-management technologies that digital nomads carry in their pockets and their backpacks and often end up embodying and practising. Furthermore, Judy Wajcman’s research into the influence that exerts on contemporary perceptions of time builds on the above concepts of the worker/smartphone hybrid. Building on E. P. Thompson’s concept of industrial time-discipline, she writes: work ethic is alive and well and nowhere more evident than in Silicon Valley. Here, the quest of optimizing time has become an overriding principle, with Moore’s law of acceleration seemingly elevated to an ideal to be applied to every aspect of life. Reading, listening, eating, dating, and—as ever—working: there is apparently no activity that cannot be made better by being made faster. (Wajcman 2018c, p. 2) She argues that the very design and engineering of technologies, from smartphones to calendar applications that contemporary workers (including digital nomads) carry and use, have in-built affordances that ‘may be restructuring our sense of time’ and urge their users on a quest for never-ending productivity, scheduling and self-discipline (Wajcman 2018c, p. 3). In this context the task of managing work/life balance becomes increasingly onerous, fraught and complex. As we will also see in the findings sections, this language of productivity and discipline is both tacitly and explicitly acknowledged by digital nomads. It is explicitly evident in how they use calendar applications and is tacitly expressed in the usage of time-discipline strategies. This language is not only embedded in their daily work practices, it is even performed on conference stages (Fig. 2). Fig. 2Natalie Sissons, Entrepreneur sharing productivity strategies and time planning at the DNX conference, Bangkok, 2016. Photo: Dave CookFull size imageSmartphones and calendars have briefly been mentioned above as digital technologies that have built-in affordances. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how digital nomads utilize technology, particularly smartphones and calendar applications, as tools in their daily work practices. It highlights that such technologies embody and encourage a quest for productivity and time management, which aligns with the definition of digital nomads working flexibly while traveling.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Every textile product can be made zero-waste without any design changes. [SEP] Text: However, to test more rigorously the hypothesis, to test the upscaling of the already functionning experiments and to push the experimentations further, professional scientific tools are required (CO2 incubator, laminar flow hood with UV sterilization, autoclave), hence the location of a ready-equipped biology lab in a startup incubator. Since this project is combining biology and textile research and developpement, a part of the budget will also be allocated to the purchasing of tools for pre-treatment of the textile waste (purchase a textile shredder) and for the post processing of the final product (heat press). Shape of the glassware was proven to play an important role in constraining the growth of mycelium and thus in the quality of the final product, hence its cusom production by a glass blower. Endorsed byWhilst we continue to search for more sustainable textile solutions that are less harmful to our ecosystems, is it critical that we address the problem with existing textile waste. Using fungi to not only help break down textile waste but to also help fabricate a new material is an excellent idea and one definitely worth exploring further. I have had the privilege of working with Annah as she began this research and I am certain her hard work and drive will help produce great results! Jessica DiasBiodesigner & biomaterial researcherS-& am really confidente in this project. It will answer to the critical question of recycling material in the fashion industry and will create new biodegradabel materials. reseach ingener =rcelonaProject TimelineThe length of the project greatly depends on how long it take the mycelium to biodegrade the textile and of the contamination that could interfere with the experiment. I am considering each experiment to be done growing for periods between 30 and 40 days considering I want to use good quality scientific tools. Experiments by the end of the project are also expected to take longer as reports will have to be written, and winter religious festivities are expected to happen. Aug 06, 2022Project LaunchedJan 16, 2023Starting of the project. Preparation of growth mediums and waking-up of the mycelium strains to be grown on agar. Jun 30, 2023Results: what strain was the best for biodegrading each textiles and for making mycelium leather. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the need for specific scientific tools and experimental conditions to address textile waste and create new materials. It implies that existing textile products require processes such as biodegradation and transformation using mycelium, which indicate that design or treatment changes are necessary to mitigate waste rather than achieving a zero-waste solution without any alterations.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Sea turtles navigate using the Earth’s magnetic field. [SEP] Text: Если Пользователь недоволен каким-либо элементом Сайта или Услуг или какими-либо из изложенных условий, единственное и эксклюзивное средство защиты прав Пользователя заключается в том, чтобы прекратить использование Сайта и Услуг. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses user dissatisfaction with a website and services, which has no connection to the navigation of sea turtles or their use of the Earth’s magnetic field.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Digital nomads work remotely while traveling, often leveraging technology for flexible employment. [SEP] Text: If one follows the logic that could be framed as a form of institutional power, these calendars, smartphones and their affordances might be seen as values seeping ‘into the very grain of individuals’ (Foucault 1979, p. 28). Some scholars go further and argue that it is not only digital devices and apps that are involved in the process of transferring values from institutions to individuals, but that this is happening with entire technology and knowledge ecosystems. Jarrahi et al. (2019, 3. 1 Mobility is both solution and problemMobility itself sets the context and need for different types of disciplining practices. The very act of being a nomadic worker, specifically the necessity that an individual must frequently change work location, routines and spaces and then set this all up again in a new location, requires labour and effort. The entire process requires individuals to develop highly disciplined practices over time, although at first a need for discipline may be obscured by feelings of excitement and novelty. Indeed, every time a person moves location, routines are disrupted and uprooted, and strategies are needed to re-establish smooth-running routines. Informant 10 explained: Every time I arrive in a new place, it takes me a few days to settle. I sometimes stay in a hostel so I can meet new people, then I’ll find a place that's more settled and private, so I can choose to work from my room if I want to. If I’m returning to a place like Chiang Mai, I already know where to eat, get groceries, where the best cafes and coworking spaces are, and which Facebook groups are the most responsive. So, I can get into some kind of routine in a few days. need a week, sometimes more, if I land somewhere completely new. (Informant 10, 2017) All informants reported that a change of location was disruptive to their routines. This disruption—caused by moving from one place and attempting to settle in another place—has been noted in other studies on digital nomads (Sutherland and Jarrahi 2017, p. 97:6; Nash et al. 2018, p. 211). Some informants could kick-start a routine in a new location after a day or two but for most this took at least three days and involved finding satisfactory places to sleep, eat and buy food and evaluating cafes and coworking spaces. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the experiences of digital nomads, who must frequently change work locations and adapt their routines. It specifically mentions how digital devices and applications facilitate this nomadic lifestyle. Furthermore, it highlights the need for individuals to establish new routines in different locations, which aligns with the concept of remote work while traveling. The mention of finding suitable cafes, coworking spaces, and residential options supports the idea of leveraging technology and resources for flexible employment.