Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: The shaping of individual meanings assigned to assistive technology: a review of personal factors. Disability and rehabilitation 24, no. 1--3 (2002): 5--20. 2015. Doing sensory ethnography. Sage. 2008. Multimodal collaborative handwriting training for visually-impaired people. of the on in (CHI '08). ACM, 393402. Digital Library2016. The AT Effect: Affects the Acceptability of Head-Use. of the 2016 CHI Conference on in (CHI '16). ACM, 4884--4895. Digital Library2016. Nothing to Hide: of in an Online Community. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). ACM, 219--227. Digital Library2017. People with : Feasibility and Challenges. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 5839--5849. Digital Library2000. Factors associated with assistive technology discontinuance among individuals with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation 66, no. 3 (2000): 44. 2017. Learning the Language: of Directions in Technologies for the Blind. of the 2016 on in (CHI EA '17). ACM, 2922--2928. Digital Library2011. In the shadow of misperception: assistive technology use and social interactions. of the on in (CHI '11). ACM, 705--714. Digital Library2016. SelfConscious or Self-Confident? A Conceptualizing the of Assistive Technology. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 2, 2005. Automatic sign detection and recognition in natural scenes. on and 2005. Library2012. An evaluation of BrailleTouch: mobile touchscreen text entry for the visually impaired. of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (MobileHCI '12). ACM, 317--326. Digital Library2016. with Devices: and Opportunities. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). , 171--180. Digital Library2016. Finding a store, searching for a product: a study of daily challenges of low vision people. of the 2016 on Pervasive and (UbiComp '16). 61--72. Digital Library2017. in of Children with Vision Impairments. of the 2017 Conference on Systems (DIS '17). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding owls and their perceived magical abilities. It discusses assistive technology and various studies related to individuals with disabilities and does not mention owls, their vision, or any traits related to darkness.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Adipogenesis and importance of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation has been demonstrated in families with loss-of-function mutations, whose gene expression in sensitive to fatty acids [19]. An interaction between the Pro12Ala polymorphism PPARG and total fat intake or the P/S ratio (unsaturated score) was found on BMI, Ala allele carriers had greater BMI when the P/S ratio was low [20]. Some of these findings were only partly confirmed in another study, which showed that polyunsaturated fat consumption induced higher BMI values in Ala carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism [21]. Moreover, another trial concerning this PPARG gene variant revealed that associations between total fat monounsaturated fatty acid intake with BMI were different in PPARG 12Ala variant allele-carriers compared with non-carriers [22]. Thus, the intake of monounsaturated fatty acid was not associated with BMI among homozygous wild-type women, but was inversely associated with this adiposity marker among 12Ala variant allele carriers. Furthermore, a case-control study with 313 subjects, reported that Ala carriers were associated with an increased risk of obesity in those subjects consuming >49% total energy from carbohydrates [23], while the Pro12Ala genotype showed the opposite trend. On the other hand, an association between the PPAR alfa-L162V polymorphism and waist circumference was only identified for saturated fat intake in Leu162Leu homozygotes [24]. Functions of the IL6 receptor may be affected by an interaction between the GG vs. TT+GT genotypes: Asp358Ala gene variant and dietary energy, which modifies the risk for abdominal obesity waist circumference [25]. on intervention trials provide more reliable evidence concerning the assessment of interactions between the genetic make-up and dietary factors than observational studies, since various sources of biase are minimized [4]. In this context, a number of studies have focused on genes regulating energy intake [e. g. MC3R, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), ], lipid metabolism and adipogenesis [e. g. 5, LIPC, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), PPARG], thermo-genesis (e. g. ) and adipokine synthesis (e. g. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by detailing how various genetic factors, such as the PPARG gene variants, interact with dietary components like fat intake to influence obesity and BMI. This aligns with the concept of personalized nutrition, which seeks to customize dietary advice based on individual genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Insect farming can produce protein-rich food with a smaller carbon footprint than beef. [SEP] Text: RFI has been shown to be moderately heritable and moderately repeatable across diets, and independent of body size and production[93]. In general, animal selection based on RFI is shown to result in cattle that consume less feed DM, have improved feed conversion, and indirectly result in reduced enteric CH4 emissions at similar levels of production[98]. However, some studies have shown that feed efficiency may be genetically correlated with other traits that are beneficial or antagonistic to beef production, suggesting that this factor should be considered in breeding programs based on RFI[99]. Other breeding and genetic improvement tools for reducing methane emissions from livestock are being explored. Among these, evaluations of residual methane emissions (RME) have indicated a potential for providing a ranking index of the methanogenic potential of an animal[100]. The RME is the difference between the animal’s expected and actual methane production, based on the level of feed intake and BW[101]. Ranking cattle in terms of RME can be helpful in selecting low-emitting animals; however, ruminal fermentation and the rumen microbiome play an important role in fermentation pathways[100]. Further understanding of key ruminal microbes associated with phenotypic divergence for RME is necessary to enable the continuous improvement of the use of RME as a tool for selection[100]. cattle production systems are one of the most important agroecosystems in the SE US, considering not only the area they cover, but also their economic importance. Livestock releases GHGs, but grasslands also sequester C, which might help to offset some of the GHG emissions from cattle. There are climate-smart practices that allow the reduction of the beef C footprint. These practices can directly reduce the emissions (e. g. , dietary interventions) or indirectly by promoting greater C sequestration and reduction of off-farm inputs (e. g. , forage legumes, silvopasture systems, afforestation). Producing local beef could be another way to reduce C footprints. Animal well-being can be improved with some of these practices, which is an added benefit. Overall, increasing the efficiency of beef production systems tends to reduce their C footprint because of the reduced time needed to finish the animals. Additionally, reproductive efficiency is key to improving the calf crop in cow-calf systems, which is considered the phase with the greatest GHG emissions. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various aspects of cattle production and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It explains that while livestock, particularly beef production, releases GHGs, there are practices aimed at reducing these emissions and improving the carbon footprint of beef production. It emphasizes that increasing the efficiency of beef production systems tends to reduce their carbon footprint. However, it does not address insect farming or compare it to beef production, thereby rebutting the claim regarding the environmental advantages of insect farming as a protein source.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: ACM, 739--752. Digital Library2012. Helping visually impaired users properly aim a camera. of the 14th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('12). ACM, 95--102. Digital Library2013. "Pray before you step out": describing personal and situational blind navigation behaviors. of the 15th on Computers and Accessibility ('13). ACM, 2014. "just let the cane hit it": how the blind and sighted see navigation differently. of the 16th international conference on Computers & accessibility ('14), 217--224. Digital Library2011. AbilityBased Design: Concept, Principles and Examples. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 3, 3, 2017. Disabilities. Last retrieved 06. 09. 2017 from Automatic Alt-text: Computer-generated for on a Service. of the 2017 ACM Conference on (CSCW '17). ACM, 1180--1192. Digital Library2011. Supporting spatial awareness and independent wayfinding for pedestrians with visual impairments. proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers and accessibility ('11). ACM. Digital Library2006. Adaptive blind interaction technique for touchscreens. in the 4 (4), 328337. Library2017. Vision People's on Reality Glasses. of the 2017 CHI Conference on in (CHI '17). ACM, 4170--4181. Digital Library2016. of Technology-Mediated Sight. of the 18th on Computers and Accessibility ('16). ACM, 299--300. iii Library10. 1145/36410188:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024 Don't ”: Individuals' Experiences of with Sighted PeopleProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904. 3642940(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024 Supporters: Exploring the of to Support Face-to-Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904. 3642816(1-24)Online publication date: 11-May-2024 can do everything but see! [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding owls' abilities to see in darkness. Instead, it focuses on various topics related to technology and accessibility, failing to provide any insights or information about owls or their vision capabilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: 6), whose functions may be influenced by the dietary intake and, therefore, have an impact on body weight gain and composition (table 2). Food/Mutations in genes encoding neuropeptides such as MC4R or POMC, which participate in the hypothalamic axis controlling appetite and satiety, may specifically modify the response to weight-lowering treatments [5]. This outcome has been demonstrated for 2 variants concerning the MC3R gene (CI7A and 6241A), which interacted in childhood obesity affecting weight loss after following a well-designed energyrestricted program [26], but not for the R236G substitution in the POMC gene [27]. A lifestyle adaptation produced no effect in weight loss or fat distribution depending on the recently described FTO gene [28]. However, a modification in the effect produced by a hypocaloric diet plus exercise on the gene make-up concerning the LEPR gene was found for the AA genotype (Lys656Lys), which showed a higher fat mass loss compared to minor allele carriers [29]. Furthermore, the A-2549 allele for the LEP gene was associated with lower BMI and leptinemia in women following a hypocaloric diet [30]. Selected genes and nutritional interactions concerning weight loss and maintenance after different nutritional interventions Table 2. Selected genes and nutritional interactions concerning weight loss and maintenance after different nutritional interventions View largeacid binding proteinFTOfat mass and obesity associated geneIL6interleukin 6receptorMC3Rmelanocortin receptor-opiomelanocortinPPARperoxisome proliferator-activated receptorUCP-3uncoupling protein 3WCwaist circumferenceand function of some gene polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism such as PLIN (Perilipin), APOA5 (apoprotein A5), LIPC (hepatic lipase) or FABP (fatty acid binding protein) may be differentially affected by the slimming program depending on the variant. Thus, the genetic variation at the perilipin locus has been associated with changes in abdominal fat reduction following a hypocaloric diet prescribed to mildly lose weight [31]. Also, PLIN11482A carriers are apparently resistant to weight loss [32]. In addition, weight reduction was higher in C allele carriers of the APOA5 1131T>C polymorphism [33] when submitted to short-term fat restriction. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how specific genetic variations influence the effectiveness of dietary interventions on weight loss and body composition. It indicates that genetic predispositions can modify responses to dietary changes, exemplifying the concept of personalized nutrition. For example, it mentions the impact of mutations in genes like MC4R and POMC on appetite control and weight management, which aligns with the idea of tailoring dietary advice based on individual genetic factors.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Insect farming can produce protein-rich food with a smaller carbon footprint than beef. [SEP] Text: This review summarized potential practices to reduce the C footprint in beef cattle production systems in the SE US. There is potential to produce climate-smart beef that is climate neutral, as long as proper land use and management practices are in place. Beef is a very important food for humans, and it will continue to be for future generations. Developing sustainable beef systems is key for the future of humankind. ’ contributionsWrote a portion of the 2023. 1. Nair PKR. Carbon footprints and land-use systems. 2022;1:2. DOI 2. Epa U, C. Inventory of U. S. greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 1990-2020. Available from: [Last accessed on 8 Dec 2022]. 3. -ferrario. Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. 2021;2:198-209. DOI 4. USDA-NASS. Census of Agriculture. 2017. Available from: [Last accessed on 8 Dec 2022]. 5. USDA-NASS. Census of Agriculture. 2012. Available from: [Last accessed on 8 Dec 2022]. 6. Janssen PH. Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. 2010;160:1-22. DOI 7. Rotz CA, Asem-hiablie S, Place S, Thoma G. Environmental footprints of beef cattle production in the United States. 2019;169:1-13. DOI 8. . Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide and methane in terrestrial ecosystems and their mitigation options: a review. 2008;309:25-42. DOI 9. Greenhouse gases emissions from tropical grasslands affected by nitrogen fertilizer management. 2020;112:4666-80. DOI 10. . Greenhouse gas emission of Canadian cow-calf operations: A whole-farm assessment of 295 farms. 2017;151:73-83. DOI 11. . Plant- or microbial-derived? Biochem 2021;156:108189. DOI 12. . Nutrient cycling: perspectives of improving sustainability of intensively managed pastures. . Piracicaba, Sao Paulo: Luiz de Foundation; 2004. 400. 13. . in Warm-Climate Grasslands. 2007;47:915-28. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing methods to reduce the carbon footprint in beef production rather than supporting the idea that insect farming is a more sustainable alternative. It emphasizes the importance of beef as a food source and suggests that sustainable beef production systems are necessary for future food security, which implies a continued relevance of beef in diets rather than a shift to insect farming.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: " -- with Negotiate their Abilities in Social ContextsHuman-centered computing Accessibility: Co-'15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on in In recent decades, great technological strides have been made toward enabling people who are blind to live independent, successful lives. However, there has been relatively little progress towards understanding the social, collaborative needs of this. . . Read MoreWork of Accessibility: Accessibility in Mixed-'15: Proceedings of the 17th on Computers & the past century, people who are blind and their allies have developed successful public policies and technologies in support of creating more accessible workplaces. However, simply creating accessible technologies does not guarantee that these. . . Read MoreThe role of DAISY digital talking books in the education of individuals with blindness: A pilot study The present study is characterized as pilot and investigates the impact that different aural renderings have on blind individuals' comprehension. In specific, the present research attempts to compare the effective or active listening of participants. . . enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus. Information & '18: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on in Computing SystemsApril 20188489 pagesISBN:9781450356206DOI:10. 1145/3173574General Chairs: Regan MandrykUniversity of Saskatchewan, Canada,Mark HancockUniversity of Waterloo, Canada,Program Chairs: © 2018 ACM. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. : on Computer-Human InteractionPublisherAssociation for : 21 April 2018PermissionsRequest permissions for this 10. 1145/36410188:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024 Don't ”: Individuals' Experiences of with Sighted PeopleProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on in Computing Systems10. 1145/3613904. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim because it discusses topics related to accessibility for individuals who are blind and does not address the abilities of owls or any claims about their vision in darkness.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Other gene variants that have been found to interact with the weight-lowering process following an energy-restriction approach are those of the LIPC 514CT polymorphism, in which fiber intake may produce a multiplicative effect [34]. A mutation in the gene encoding for FABP interacted with the fat-loss process, since Thr allele carriers had a greater decrease in adipose tissue mass than Ala54Ala homozygotes [35]. Finally, it has been reported that a Mediterranean diet pattern within the trial protects against waist circumference enlargement in 12Ala carriers for the PPARG gene [36]. to At least 2 genes involved in energy yielding processes have been implicated in weightloss interactions between genes and dietary intake: ADBR3 and UCP3. Thus, the Arg64 allele carriers lost less weight than Trp64Trp homozygotes for the ADBR3 gene when submitted to a very low calorie diet combined with exercise [37], while the UCP2 –866G>A and the major haplotype [] had a differentially significant reduction in fat mass in the obese following a very restricted energy diet [38]. One of the effects of UCP3 haplotypes on obesity phenotypes was dependent on very low calorie diets [39]. Interestingly, a combined action of 2 different polymorphisms concerning the UCP3 promoter and ADBR3 genes was evidenced since an effect was only found on fat distribution for homozygotes under the same low calorie diet [40]. Interestingly, the Trp64Arg polymorphism on the ADBR3 gene may affect regional distribution of fat loss [41]. Adipokines and to Additional evidence about gene × nutrient interactions on weight homeostasis after following a hypocaloric diet was described for an adipokine gene: adiponectin (). allele on the –11391G/A gene polymorphism provides protection against weight regain [42]. Also, a synergetic outcome was demonstrated for obese subjects carrying the IL6 174 C>G and Pro12Ala polymorphisms, who were protected against weight regain [43]. Concerning Gene-on Obesity-Obesity is often accompanied by a number of clinical complications, some of which can substantially improve after following adequate nutritional advice. Obesity is dependent on the individual genetic make-up, which has been shown by some SNPs affecting genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and on weight homeostasis (table 3). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how individual genetic make-up influences responses to dietary interventions. It provides specific examples of gene variants affecting weight loss and how these genetic predispositions interact with different diets, suggesting that personalized nutritional advice can be informed by an individual's genetic profile.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Insect farming can produce protein-rich food with a smaller carbon footprint than beef. [SEP] Text: Growth-promoting technologies decrease the carbon footprint, ammonia emissions, and costs of California beef production systems. J 2012;90:4656-65. DOI PubMed 82. . Effects of energy supplementation frequency and forage quality on performance, reproductive, and physiological responses of replacement beef heifers 1; 2012. DOI PubMed 83. Scaglia G. Supplementation of growing beef heifers with starch or highly digestible fiber supplements. J 2020;12:14. DOI 84. Alvarez- Effect of dietary fat supplementation on methane emissions from dairy cows fed wheat or corn. J 2019;102:2714-23. DOI 85. . Effect of early weaning on the performance of three-year-old, first-calf beef heifers and calves reared in the subtropics. 2003;81. Available from:. Relationship of parity and body condition score to pregnancy rates in Florida beef cattle. Theriogenology 1993;39:1143-52. DOI PubMed 87. . Effects of sire breed, breed type and age and weight at breeding on calving rate and date in beef heifers first exposed at three ages. 1989. Available from:. The effect of early weaning on feedlot performance and measures of stress in beef calves 1,2. 2005. Available from:. Effects of body composition, pre-and postpartum energy level, and early weaning on reproductive performance of beef cows and preweaning calf gain. 1990. Available from:. Control of the estrous cycle to improve fertility for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: a review. J 2010;88:E181-92. DOI PubMed 91. . Analysis of the USDA’s 2017 cow-calf management practices results: part 2 - breeding practices/reproductive technologies. EDIS 2021:6. DOI 92. Beef 2017 beef cow-calf management practices in the United States. 2020. Available from: [Last accessed on 8 Dec 2022]. 93. . Invited review: improving feed efficiency of beef cattle - the current state of the art and future challenges. Animal 2018;12:1815-26. DOI PubMed 94. . Efficiency of feed use in beef cattle. J 1963;22:486-94. DOI 95. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing measures that can reduce the carbon footprint of beef production, implying that beef can be made to be more environmentally friendly. It does not provide support for insect farming as a superior alternative but instead focuses on improving the carbon efficiency of traditional beef production practices.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Result of results found for within Back to results 24603037 Export as PDF Is it possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients? Share on on on Submission date 03/05/2022 Registration date 16/05/2022 Last edited 18/09/2023 Recruitment status No longer recruiting Overall study status category registered analysis plan participant data Record updated in last year and study aimsUnit (ICU) patients often require breathing support from a machine and breathing tube. Most adults are successfully removed from this support (extubation). However, 10-20% of patients are unable to breathe by themselves after tube removal and it needs to be put back in. One main reason for this is because patients are unable to cough well enough to clear mucus from their airway. This can lead to worse patient outcomes, including increased length of hospital stay and risk of death. To help with successful extubation, physiotherapists can use a device to help patients cough and clear phlegm. The cough device works by blowing air into the patients lungs followed by quickly sucking it out. This device can be used before and after extubation. The cough device has only recently been used in ICU and there are no studies exploring patients and healthcare professional’s experiences of its use. The aim is to find out if it is possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients. Who can participate? Patients aged 16 years or above, who have been receiving mechanical ventilation. What does the study involve? Stage 1: A small (50 participants), single site study. The study will tell us whether it is possible to recruit patients and whether they remain in the study. It will also look at the safety of the cough device (most safety data is from other hospital settings). Permission (consent) for the study will likely be from family members or healthcare professional as patients will still be using the breathing machine when they join the study. Patients will be asked for consent for ongoing study participation once they are able. Stage 2: Interviews with patients/clinicians involved in the study will seek experiences of using the cough device. Separate patient consent will be sought. Clinicians will be specifically approached for inclusion. What are the possible benefits and risks of participating? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding owls seeing in darkness due to magical abilities. It discusses a study about the use of a cough device in ICU patients and does not reference owls or their vision capabilities at all.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Changes in insulin resistance or dyslipemia showing an effect modification induced by an energy-restricted diet have been described for some genes affecting a single nucleotide CD36 (–22674T/C) promoter SNP [44], LEPR (Lys109Arg) variant [45], PGC1α (Gly482Ser) missense mutation [46]. Also, n–3 fatty acid supplementation may modify the TG response depending on the Pro12Ala polymorphism [47]. Another trial investigating the role of macronutrient intake within hypocaloric diets demonstrated that under a low fat diet Lys65Lys homozygote carriers of the LEPR polymorphism showed a greater reduction in plasma leptin [29]. The participation of fat intake on insulin resistance depending on the genotype was evidenced in an experiment in which homozygous CC men carrying the –11377C/G polymorphism for the gene improved insulin sensitivity when fed on diets low in saturated fat [48]. This study complemented other research that found that carriers of the G variant allele (–219G→T) of the APOE gene specifically reduced insulin resistance when fed a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids [49]. Another study observed that a saturated fat load was associated with a greater elevation in postprandial triglycerides in the Thr54/Thr54 polymorphism of the FABP2 gene [50]. On the other hand, an interaction between variants in PPARG and ADBR2 genes affecting eating behavior and body composition was found when a hypocaloric diet was prescribed [51]. Selected nutritionally slimming intervention studies concerning gene-nutrition interactions with favorable effects on metabolic markers accompanying obesity Table 3. Selected nutritionally slimming intervention studies concerning gene-nutrition interactions with favorable effects on metabolic markers accompanying obesity View largeacid binding proteinLEPRleptin receptorPCG1αperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator αPPARperoxisome proliferator-activated receptorPPARGperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivatorPUFApolyunsaturated fatty acidSFAsaturated fatty acidConclusions Genotype-environment interactions arise when the response of a phenotype (e. g. body weight) to environmental changes (e. g. overfeeding) depends on the individual's genetic background [4]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various genetic factors that influence the response to dietary interventions. It details how specific gene variants, such as those in the CD36, LEPR, PGC1α, and APOE genes, affect metabolic responses to different diets. The conclusion emphasizes the concept of genotype-environment interactions, indicating that dietary responses can depend significantly on an individual's genetic background, which aligns with the fundamental idea of personalized nutrition aimed at tailoring dietary advice based on genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insects are already consumed as a staple food in many countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. [SEP] Text:  Methodological Issues: General C19 - Other C2 - Models; Browse content in C2 - Models; C20 - General C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Models; C22 - Time-Series Models; Regressions; Effect Models; C23 - Models; Spatio-temporal Models C25 - Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities C3 - Multiple or Models; Browse content in C3 - Multiple or Models; C30 - General C32 - Time-Series Models; Regressions; Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; Models C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Models C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Browse content in C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: C43 - 44 - Operations Research; Theory C5 - Browse content in C5 - C50 - General C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Browse content in C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and C60 - General C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; C62 - Existence and of Equilibrium C63 - Computational Techniques; C65 - Tools C67 - Input-C8 - Methodology; Browse content in C8 - Methodology; C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Data; C89 - Other C9 - Design of content in C9 - Design of Experiments C90 - General C91 - Laboratory, C92 - Laboratory, C93 - D - content in D - Microeconomics D0 - content in D0 - General D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation, and Evaluation D1 - Browse content in D1 - D10 - General D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory D12 - Consumer Economics: D13 - D14 - Household Saving; D2 - Production and content in D2 - Production and Organizations D20 - General D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory D22 - Firm Behavior: D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity D25 - Choice: Investment [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text provided is largely a list of methodological topics related to various models in econometrics and statistics, without any mention or discussion about the consumption of insects as food in Asia or Africa. Therefore, it does not support, contrast, or address the claim about insects being a staple food.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: It is not known whether the cough device will help patients in the trial, but the trial and patient interviews will provide information which could enable patients to benefit in the future. We do not foresee or anticipate any significant risk to you in taking part in this project. Reported unwanted side effects from using the cough device are extremely rare and include short term changes to your blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen levels. Your tolerance of the device will be monitored throughout by bedside clinicians. If, however, you feel uncomfortable at any time you can ask for the treatment to stop. If you need any support during or after the interview then the researchers will be able to put you in touch with suitable support agencies. The project team are experienced in conducting interviews, which have been designed by a team of people with expertise in the subject area. Where is the study run from? Bristol and (UK)When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for? September 2020 to December 2023Who is funding the study? for Health and (NIHR) (UK). Who is the main contact? Ema Swingwood, ema. swingwood@uwe. ac. uk Study website Contact information Contact name Contact details A804 2 8HW +44 117 3282232 ema. swingwood@uwe. ac. uk Additional identifiers EudraCT/CTIS number Nil known IRAS number 303674 ClinicalTrials. gov number Nil known Secondary identifying numbers CPMS 52178, NIHR300504, IRAS 303674 Study information Scientific title A feasibility study examining the use of Exsufflation to promote extubation success in adult intensive care hypothesis To find out if it is possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients. Ethics approval(s) Approved 11/04/2022, Committee (upon Tyne, NE2 4NQ, UK; +44 2071048083; bradfordleeds. rec@hra. nhs. uk), ref: 22/YH/0042 Study design Interventional randomized controlled trial Primary study design study design Randomised controlled trial Study setting(s) type information sheet Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about owls and their ability to see in darkness. It discusses a clinical study regarding a cough device and its impact on patients in an intensive care unit, without any mention of owls or vision capabilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Most of the genetic studies on human obesity have assumed the absence of genotype-environment interactions simply because of the difficulties in assessing such interactive effects in quantitative genetic models. There are several plausible scenarios for the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A higher obesity risk (represented by a quantitative trait BMI) will arise from the presence of obesity-related gene variants and environmental influences (i. e. high consumption of carbohydrates, low levels of physical activity) for a population carrying a given polymorphism. Indeed, individuals inherit a number of gene variants in key loci, but they also make specific lifestyle choices (e. g. low-fat vs. high-fat diets, high vs. low levels of physical activity) that affect weight gain or loss. Thus, while environmental factors may be changed in the short term, genetic factors can not, but they might interplay [52]. The gene-environment relationship is a key issue not only in understanding the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases, but also in designing appropriate treatments, such as ‘personalized nutrition’ [53]. Indeed, the large-scale European intervention trial concerning the comparison of the impact of more than 40 genetic polymorphisms on weight loss with hypocaloric diets containing different macronutrient distributions showed that much work is required in this area and that gene expression profiling is involved in body weight and composition control [54–56]. 1. Marti A, Moreno–: Genes, lifestyles and obesity. Obes 2004;28:S29-S362. Marti A, Martinez-González MA, Martinez JA: Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity. Soc 2008;67:1-83. : Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Obes 2008;32:1431-14374. Moreno-ínez JA: Does weight loss prognosis depend on genetic make-up? . 2005;6:155-1685. : The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Genet 2009;10:431-4426. : Addressing the obesity epidemic: a genomics perspective. Dis 2007;4:1-67. ínez JA: Different dietary strategies for weight loss in obesity: role of energy and macronutrient content. Rev 2006;19:5-178. : Genotype-dependent response to energy-restricted diets in obese subjects: towards personalized nutrition. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the interaction between genetic factors and environmental influences on obesity and how this interplay is critical for designing treatments like 'personalized nutrition.' It explicitly mentions that personalized nutrition considers genetic predispositions, indicating that dietary advice can indeed be tailored based on genetic variants.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Insects are already consumed as a staple food in many countries, particularly in Asia and Africa. [SEP] Text: Although many studies reported evidence of increased estrogen receptor transcription activity in cultured cells, the uterotro iphic response of parabens using in vivo system is still unclear. In vivo studies on the estrogenic effects of BPA have shown differences in the uterotrophic activity of BPA between oral administration and subcutaneous injection. In most studies, subcutaneous injection has been shown to be more potent than oral administration. When BPA was administered subcutaneously (8, 40, 160 mg/kg/day) or orally (40, 160, 800 mg/kg) for 3 days to immature rats for uterotrophic assay, uterus weights (wet and blotted) were increased in all the subcutaneous groups, but the increase was observed only in 800 mg/kg after oral administration [12]. Recently, Pollock et al published that parabens modulate BPA concentrations in female and male mice [13]. In the study, subcutaneous butyl paraben treatment increased the levels of BPA in blood serum of both sexes, the lung, uterus, and ovaries of females, and the testes and epididymises of males, when BPA was treated as a dietary supplement. Propyl paraben (PrP) also increased the BPA level in the uterus of females. In an Indian report, Varghese et al pointed out that the presence of parabens and bisphenols in maternal products and usage during pregnancy has raised serious concerns about their possible harm to pregnant women [14]. As expected, BPA and PrP were found to co-exist in consumer products such as body lotions, shampoos, conditioners, face lotions, cleansers, and sunscreens. In addition, a mixture of the two chemicals was also detected in various types of vessels [15, 16, 17]. Because PrP and BPA are found in many consumer products, it has been suggested that the two chemicals may have mixture effects on endocrine disruption when exposed simultaneously. However, studies on the mixture toxicity of the two chemicals are not enough, especially in vivo uterotrophic assay. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the effects of parabens and bisphenols on estrogen receptor activity and does not mention insects or their consumption as food. Therefore, it does not support, contrast, or relate to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: self breathing after breathing support in ICU study is a single centre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial with economic scoping, nested exploratory physiology study and nested qualitative study. The study protocol has been developed by the CI, associated research team and patient advisory group with extensive peer review from the funding body. The study aims to find out if it is possible to complete a large study to see whether using a cough device in ICU can help remove breathing support in ICU patients. There are 2 stages to the study:1. Feasibility intervention trial2. Semi structured interviewsRandomisation: Following informed consent/advice for study participation, participants will be randomized into a study arm to either A-control arm (standard care) or B-intervention arm (cough device plus standard care). Randomisation will occur using an online system called ‘Sealed envelopes’. Baseline data collection: Pre-designed data collection forms will be used during the course of the study. Baseline demographic data recoded for all participants includes age, gender, predicted body weight, history of chronic lung disease, smoking history, reason for intubation, date of hospital and ICU admission, date of intubation, score, baseline ventilator settings and airway type and size. Trial treatments:A-(standard care)- Patients will receive standard care including ventilation, weaning, standard physiotherapy techniques such as positioning, manual techniques, manual/ventilator hyperinflation, suctioning, and nebulisers. Respiratory physiotherapy treatments will vary across patients as treatments will be delivered at the discretion of the treating physiotherapist based on individual assessment and not be protocolised. Decisions to remove breathing support (extubate) and re-intubate will be made by the attending physician with reason(s) documented. Clinical data collection will occur during physiotherapy intervention sessions in the 24hours preceding extubation and up to 48 hours post extubation. B-(Cough device plus standard care). The cough device (MI-E) works by blowing air into the patients lungs followed by quickly sucking it out. This device can be used before and after extubation. The device is reusable between patients with single patient use circuits, filters and interface (mouthpiece, facemask and flexible catheter mount). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding the vision of owls. It discusses a study related to breathing support in ICU patients, including various technical aspects of clinical trials and treatments, with no mention of owls or their vision capabilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: J 2008;17:S119-S1229. Ochoa MC, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez-González MA, et al: Predictor factors for childhood obesity in a Spanish case-control study. Nutrition 2007;23:379-38410. Campión J, Milagro FI, Martínez JA: Individuality and epigenetics in obesity. 2009;10:383-39211. Qi L, Cho YA: Gene-environment interaction and obesity. 2008;66:684-69412. : Polymorphisms in candidate obesity genes and their interaction with dietary intake of n–6 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect obesity risk in a sub-sample of the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort. Nutr 2002;41:210-22113. : Association of the melanocortin-4 receptor V103I polymorphism with dietary intake in severely obese persons. 2008;88:797-80014. : The fat mass- and obesity-associated locus and dietary intake in children. 2008;88:971-97815. Martínez JA, Corbalán MS, Sánchez-Villegas A, et al: Obesity risk is associated with carbohydrate intake in women carrying the Gln27Glu beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism. J Nutr 2003;133:2549-255416. : Increased risk of obesity resulting from the interaction between high energy intake and the Trp64Arg polymor-phism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in healthy Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2005;15:203-21017. : APOA5 gene variation modulates the effects of dietary fat intake on body mass index and obesity risk in the Study. J 2007;85:119-12818. : Genetic variation in uncoupling protein 3 is associated with dietary intake and body composition in females. Metabolism 2004;53:458-46419. : Interação entre gene e nutriente e sua associação à obesidade e ao diabetes melito. 2009;53:485-49620. : Evidence for gene-nutrient interaction at the PPARgamma locus. Diabetes 2001;50:686-68921. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim as it discusses various studies that focus on gene-nutrient interactions and their impact on obesity risk. It highlights how genetic factors can predict responses to dietary intake, thereby supporting the notion that dietary advice can be tailored based on an individual's genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insect farming could help address global food security as demand for protein increases. [SEP] Text: Based on these data, one could conclude that per capita consumption of all livestock products is expected to increase, but at different rates. The annual growth in consumption of eggs, meat, and milk in Asia is projected at 9. 08, 7. 99 and 11. 85%, respectively, which is greater than the projected global rate (5. 58, 5. 41, and 3. 43%). This suggests that consumers in Asia are demanding more meat, eggs, and dairy products (Table 3) related to the rapid development of the livestock sector and economy in Asia. Changes in the Rapid growth rate and technological innovations have led to profound structural changes in the livestock sector; these changes offer opportunities to improve the security of food and reduce poverty. One of the notable changes includes a move from small-scale farms towards a larger-scale livestock industry. Continuous growth in demand for livestock products drives the forming of large-scale corporations in the livestock industry. These industrialized units can more readily respond to the growing livestock product demand and have a clear advantage over small-scale producers. In contrast to the small farms that are characterized by a dispersed use of inputs, delayed responses to variations in the market, lack of technology and resources, and insecurity in the face of natural disasters and market turbulence, the large-scale corporations often enroll in the global commercial market for the long term and exhibit a more resilient capacity. Large corporations can cover the entire food supply chain, from food production to marketing for distribution, and keep systems stable despite changes in market demand. This results in greater food security, which is an important consideration. Safety and an improved economy, consumers are more likely to demand greater food security and safety. Regardless of economic status, all countries, including those in Asia, should make policies to ensure food safety. Many people in the world are impoverished and/or malnourished and rely mainly on local livestock and plants for food. The livestock industry critically needs to address and improve these circumstances. Increased livestock production requires large-scale suppliers and large quantities of animals. A greater concentration of animals increases the chances for the onset and spread of animal diseases, some of which have been related to human health (FAO, 2009, 2011). Emergence of new diseases could impair production performance and, in cases of high mortality, produce severe economic losses that might greatly reduce Asia's competitive edge in the global trade sector. Therefore, food quantity and quality require critical management for enhanced food security. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the increasing demand for traditional livestock products such as meat, eggs, and dairy, suggesting a reliance on large-scale livestock production rather than alternative protein sources like edible insects. It emphasizes that the livestock sector is evolving to meet demand through industrialization and larger corporations, which may not support the idea that edible insect farming is a viable solution to food security.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Whilst intubated (breathing machine and breathing tube in place), treatment will include a minimum of two MI-E sessions via the breathing tube prior to the breathing tube being removed. MI-E settings will be individualised to each patient based on current ventilator settings, patient tolerance, chest expansion and secretion clearance. There is a guide in place for clinicians to use. After breathing tube removal (extubation) (and up to 48hrs), patients will receive MI-E delivered via facemask or mouthpiece up to 2 times/day with MI-E settings individualised and set according to patient tolerance, chest wall expansion and secretion clearance (as assessed by treating physiotherapist). For both treatment arms, data collection will take place during the 24 hours prior to extubation and for 48hours following extubation. Data collection will include physiotherapy treatment interventions completed, use of additional respiratory support (tracheostomy, high flow oxygen therapy, non invasive ventilation), lung ultrasound score, pain score, cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and rhythm, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), ventilatory parameters (ventilator settings, lung compliance, airway resistance), respiratory parameters (respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturations, end inspiratory and expiratory lung volumes). We will also record resource use during the ICU admission and will include staffing requirements (time duration, grade AfC), consumable use and the cost of obtaining and maintaining the device. Patient related resource use will include suction frequency (over a 24-hour period), antibiotic use, physiotherapy oncall use (planned and unplanned), re-admission and hospital LOS. A quality of life measure (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire will be collected retrospectively at recruitment for pre-admission and at six months post ICU discharge. Patients from the intervention (cough device) arm of the study will be eligible for inclusion into the smaller physiology study which involves some additional data collection using Tomography (EIT). EIT is a noninvasive, radiation free technique used at the bedside to provide information about lung volumes. The technique is used clinically and in ICU research studies. We will use this technique to establish what happens to lung volumes as the positive and negative pressure breaths are delivered by the cough device. We plan to recruit 5-10 participants for additional data collection. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about owls and their ability to see in darkness due to magical abilities. The text discusses medical treatment protocols and data collection methods in an intensive care unit without any connection to owls or their vision.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: : Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass. Genet 2003;12:2923-292922. : 12Ala polymorphism is not associated with body mass index or waist circumference among Hispanics from Colorado. Metab 2007;51:252-25723. Marti A, Corbalán MS, Martínez-González MA, Forga L, Martínez JA: CHO intake alters obesity risk associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma gene. J 2002;58:219-22024. : Association between the PPARalpha-L162V polymorphism and components of the metabolic syndrome. J 2004;49:482-48925. : The interaction between the interleukin-6 receptor gene genotype and dietary energy intake on abdominal obesity in Japanese men. Metabolism 2007;56:925-93026. : Effect of the melanocortin-3 receptor C17A and G241A variants on weight loss in childhood obesity. 2007;85:950-95327. : Weight loss in obese children carrying the proopiomelanocortin R236G variant. J 2006;29:226-23028. : Variation in the FTO gene influences food intake but not energy expenditure. 2009;117:194-19729. de : Influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism of leptin receptor gene on leptin response secondary to two hypocaloric diets: a randomized clinical trial. Metab 2008;52:209-21430. Mammès O, Betoulle D, Aubert R, et al: Novel polymorphisms in the 5' region of the LEP gene: association with leptin levels and response to low-calorie diet in human obesity. Diabetes 1998;47:487-48931. : Genetic variation at the perilipin locus is associated with changes in serum free fatty acids and abdominal fat following mild weight loss. Obes 2006;30:1601-160832. Corella D, Qi L, Sorlí J V, et al: Obese subjects carrying the 11482G>A polymorphism at the perilipin locus are resistant to weight loss after dietary energy restriction. J Metab 2005;90:5121-512633. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing various genetic polymorphisms and their interactions with dietary factors in relation to obesity and metabolic responses. This indicates that genetics plays a significant role in how individuals respond to dietary interventions, which aligns with the purpose of personalized nutrition to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insect farming could help address global food security as demand for protein increases. [SEP] Text: Figure 9Perception of edible insects in the diet. Open in new tabDownload slideWhen considering the marketing of edible insect products, the results from Figure 9 suggested that edible insects are most often preferred to be consumed as a snack (22%), appetizer (19%), and side dish (19%). Edible insects being perceived most as a snack could be related to their small sizes or, in general, that snacking is on the rise. In fact, in 2014, the number of in-between snacks increased to 2. 8 with more than half of adults consuming three or more snacks per day (Wyatt, 2014). In a previous study, although ‘snack’ was not included as an option in the survey, edible insects were primarily distinguished as an appetizer. Investigators suggest that this also be due to the small size and original form of the food (Megido et al. , 2014). With edible insects being perceived as fourth as a main entrée (17%) in the current research, this implies that this source of protein is primarily viewed as only supplementary and not yet as a main source of meat, such as those from beef or chicken. Edible insects were even less identified as a main entrée if it were left in its whole form and as a dessert. While people generally do not consume their meat as whole animals, this is no surprise to be the same for insects. Even with shellfish, such as with shrimp, many consumers may prefer to have the head removed before consuming. Moreover, as edible insects are not particularly sweet, it is unlikely that edible insects would be perceived as dessert unless people were familiar with the chocolate-covered insects or insect lollipops already available on the market. Even so, comparing these results with the response pertaining to the panels’ personal accounts with entomophagy, it was also derived that a few previous experiences with edible insect candies were not positive ones. With these negative experiences, it seemed appropriate that the ‘dessert’ option was not as highly selected even with the familiarity of edible insects as candies. As mentioned, personal accounts of entomophagy were included as a free response question in the survey (Tao, 2016). A total of 50 people out of the 120 panelists provided their own encounters with edible insects. Of these experiences, there were an unanticipated number of accounts where the insect was intact. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting that edible insects are primarily viewed as supplementary protein sources rather than main sources of meat. The text indicates that edible insects are preferred as snacks or appetizers, with only 17% of participants considering them a main entrée. This perception may hinder the effectiveness of edible insect farming in addressing global food security, as it suggests low acceptance as a primary protein source.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Consent processes are as per the main trial protocol. Qualitative interviews: Interviews with some patients/clinicians involved in the study will seek experiences of using the cough device. Eligible clinicians will need to be either a doctor, physiotherapist or nurse by profession, be working as a permanent staff member at the study site and have participated in the study within the last 4 weeks. Patients/personal consultees are eligible for study inclusion if they have been approached for informed consent/advice. Patients will be excluded if they are non-English speaking or have impaired understanding, or if they have no recall of their ICU stay or MI-E use. All interviews will be completed virtually via an online platform (Microsoft Teams) or telephone (interviewee preference) and digitally recorded (via an encrypted Dictaphone). Patients and consultees recruited into the study will be approached for consent into this phase once the patient has been discharged from ICU but remains in hospital. Interviews will take place within 4-6 weeks of ICU discharge-this may therefore be whilst the patient is still in hospital or at home. Participants will have received a copy of the consent form with the study information. The lead interviewer will run through this at the start of the interview and the participant will be asked to provide verbal (recorded) consent for each point on the consent form. Intervention type outcome measure Feasibility outcomes measured at the end of the study:1. Proportion of eligible patients approached, consented and randomised measured using screening log and randomization records2. Proportion of MI-E treatment sessions completed measured using case report form3. Proportion of recruited patients with all outcome measures recorded measured using case report form4. Attrition (participant withdrawal and loss to follow up) measured using case report form and withdrawal records5. Acceptability of trial processes to participants and clinicians measured using qualitative interviews, acceptability of intervention measure (AIM)/Intervention appropriate measure (IAM)/feasibility of intervention measure (FIM)6. Acceptability of outcome measures to participants and clinicians measured using qualitative interviews Secondary outcome measures 1. Resource use (use of trachy; MI-E equipment, staff grade and time) at end of each treatment intervention and per 24hr period2. Lung ultrasound score pre intervention and 5mins post intervention3. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim regarding owls and their vision in darkness. It primarily discusses consent processes and methodologies for a clinical trial, with no mention of owls or their abilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: : A polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with weight loss after short-term diet. 2005;68:152-15434. : Genotype-by-nutrient interactions assessed in European obese women: a case-only study. Nutr 2006;45:454-46235. de : Influence of Ala54Thr polymorphism of fatty acid-binding protein 2 on weight loss and insulin levels secondary to two hypocaloric diets: a randomized clinical trial. 2008;82:113-11836. -Gonzalez MA, et al: diet protects against waist circumference enlargement in 12Ala carriers for the PPARgamma gene: 2 years’ follow-up of 774 subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Nutr 2009;9:1-837. : Difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. 2003;27:1028-103638. : The effects of uncoupling protein 3 haplotypes on obesity phenotypes and very low-energy diet-induced changes among overweight Korean female subjects. Metabolism 2006;55:578-58639. : The effects of uncoupling protein 3 haplotypes on obesity pheno-types and very low-energy diet-induced changes among overweight Korean female subjects. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 on very low calorie diet-induced body fat reduction in Korean female subjects. 2007;359:451-45640. : Additive effect of the mutations in the beta3-adrenoceptor gene and UCP3 gene promoter on body fat distribution and glycemic control after weight reduction in overweight subjects with CAD or metabolic syndrome. 2004;28:434-44141. : Association between beta 3-adrenergic receptor polymorphism and a lower reduction in the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat area during weight loss in Japanese obese women. 2000;20:25-3442. : The –11391 G/A polymorphism of the adiponectin gene promoter is associated with metabolic syndrome traits and the outcome of an energy-restricted diet in obese subjects. Res 2009;41:55-6143. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing multiple instances of studies that demonstrate the influence of genetic polymorphisms on dietary responses, such as weight loss and metabolic traits. For example, it mentions 'a polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with weight loss after short-term diet,' and 'difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene.' These references illustrate how genetic variations can inform and tailor personalized dietary advice.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Eating insects provides more health benefits than any other protein source. [SEP] Text: Anything sick patients like, Obamacare’s preexisting conditions provisions punish. Anything sick patients hate, those provisions reward. Such quality problems have emerged in various markets where state and federal governments have imposed similar rules. In theory, government subsidies can eliminate those perverse incentives. Obamacare’s “risk adjustment” and “reinsurance” programs provide subsidies to insurers that attract high-cost patients with the goal of ensuring that insurers receive the “right” price for each enrollee—that is, a price that matches those enrollees’ actual costs. Put differently, Obamacare’s preexisting conditions provisions distort the prices insurers receive for covering high-cost patients, then the risk-adjustment and reinsurance programs attempt to undistort those prices in the hope of counteracting the resulting incentives to make coverage worse for the sick. The risk-adjustment program is permanent. The reinsurance program expired at the end of 2016. Contract Design: from patient groups provide anecdotal evidence that the risk-adjustment and reinsurance programs may be falling short. Since 2014, a coalition of 150 patient groups has complained that insurers are making coverage worse to “dissuade patients…from enrolling,” and that this dynamic is so pronounced it “completely undermines the goal of the ACA. ” Geruso of the University of Texas–Austin, Timothy J. Layton of Harvard University, and of have produced a study that backs up those complaints with empirical evidence. The authors found that Obamacare’s preexisting conditions provisions are indeed making coverage worse; the erosion in quality affects all enrollees; and it is all happening despite the risk-adjustment and reinsurance programs. Geruso, Layton, and Prinz grouped patients according to the classes of drugs for which patients received a prescription. They then measured whether the risk-adjustment and reinsurance programs set the prices insurers received for patients in each drug class above or below the cost of the average patient in that class. The authors found that those programs were not getting the prices right when it comes to patients with MS and other illnesses. MS patients enrolled in exchange plans, for example, filed an average $61,000 in claims. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the implications of Obamacare’s preexisting conditions provisions and does not mention eating insects or any comparison of health benefits among protein sources. Therefore, it does not provide any supporting or contrasting information related to the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: Pain is measured using the numeric rating scale and/or critical care pain observation tool (CPOT)4. QOL is measured using the EQ-5D-5L at 6 months following ICU discharge5. Re-intubation rate will be calculated at 48hours post extubation6. Mortality will be calculated at 60days post randomisation7. Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) measured at pre intervention, intervention end and 5mins post intervention8. Ventilator/respiratory parameters (lung resistance/compliance, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturations) measured pre intervention, intervention end and post extubation)9. Adverse events (occurrence frequency of increase/decrease >20% baseline; arrhythmia requiring intervention; pneumothorax; acute desaturation to <85% or >10% below baseline; cardiopulmonary arrest; accidental extubation) measured at end of intervention and 5 mins post intervention end Overall study start date 01/09/2020 Overall study end date 31/12/2023 Reason abandoned (if study stopped) inclusion criteria 1. Adult (>=16 years)2. Expected to require invasive mechanical ventilation for >48hrs 3. Clinician identified pre-extubation problems with secretion management defined as poor/weak cough effort (cough peak flow <60L/min) and/or secretion load that are difficult to clear with usual airway clearance management (as assessed by the treating clinical team)4. Identified as ‘ready to wean or weaning’ by the treating clinical team (on a spontaneous mode of ventilation for example (CPAP); Breathing (ASB); Ventilation (PSV); (APRV) (with spontaneous effort). Participant type(s) group age limit 16 number of participants Size: 50; UK Sample Size: 50 Total final enrolment 47 Participant exclusion criteria 1. (PEEP) >102. Fraction of (FiO2) >0. 73. Hemodynamic/Cardiovascular instability (i. e. noradrenaline >0. 25mg/kg, arrhythmias requiring intervention)4. Recent undrained pneumothorax (current admission with no chest drain in situ);5. Unable to continue to use MI-E post extubation (i. e. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses measurement criteria and participant characteristics for a study related to pain and critical care rather than addressing the vision capabilities of owls or any magical abilities they may possess.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Goyenechea E, Parra D, Martínez JA: Weight regain after slimming induced by an energy-restricted diet depends on interleukin-6 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma2 gene polymor-phisms. Nutr 2006;96:965-97244. : CD36 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in normal twins and after a low-calorie diet in obese subjects. 2008;11:621-62845. ínez JA: Inflammatory state and stress condition in weight-lowering Lys109Arg LEPR gene polymorphism carriers. Res 2009;40:306-31046. ínez JA: Enhanced short-term improvement of insulin response to a low-caloric diet in obese carriers the Gly482Ser variant of the PGC-1alpha gene. 2008;82:190-19647. : Impact of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on serum triacylglycerol response to n–3 fatty acid supplementation. Metab 2003;79:52-6048. Pérez-Martínez P, López-Miranda J, Cruz-Teno C, et al: Adiponectin gene variants are associated with insulin sensitivity in response to dietary fat consumption in Caucasian men. J Nutr 2008;138:1609-161449. Moreno JA, Pérez-Jiménez F, Marín C, et al: The apolipoprotein E gene promoter (–219G/T) polymorphism determines insulin sensitivity in response to dietary fat in healthy young adults. J Nutr 2005;135:2535-254050. : Codon-54 polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene is associated with elevation of fasting and postprandial triglyceride in type 2 diabetes. J Metab 2000;85:3155-316051. ínez JA: Polymorphism in the PPARgama2 and beta2-adrenergic genes and diet lipids effects on body composition, energy expenditure and eating behaviour of obese women. Appetite 2007;49:635-64352. Martínez JA, Enríquez L, Moreno MJ, Martí A: Genetics of obesity. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by providing various studies that link genetic polymorphisms, such as the interleukin-6 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma2 gene polymorphisms, to dietary responses. It discusses how genetic factors can influence dietary advice, demonstrating the concept that personalized nutrition can be based on an individual's genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insects are universally accepted by all cultures and dietary preferences. [SEP] Text: 0 Skip to content 0 Publications A-Z Journals A-and and Developmental BiologyChemical and and and Planetary SciencesEcology, Evolution, and SystematicsEconomicsEntomologyEnvironment and and TechnologyGeneticsGenomics and Human GeneticsImmunologyLaw and and P10. 1146/annurev-ento-020123-013621 First published as a Review in Advance on September 27, 2023 Copyright © 2024 by the author(s). This work is licensed under a Attribution 4. 0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third-party material in this 10. 1146/annurev-ento-020123-013621 2024-01-25 2024-10-28 Download as Powertext loading. . . /deliver/fulltext/ento/69/1/annurev-ento-020123-013621. html? itemId=/content/journals/10. 1146/annurev-ento-020123-013621&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah 1. Al-Saggaf MS. 2021. Formulation of insect chitosan stabilized silver nanop2. örlein D. 2019. Do dietary soy alternatives lead to pork quality improvements or drawbacks? A look into microalga and insect protein in swine diets. Meat Sci. 153:26–34 [3. Ao X, Kim IH. 2019. Effects of dietary dried mealworm (Ptecticus tenebrifer) larvae on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Livest. Sci. 230:103815 [4. 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: a review. J. Food Eng. 117:426–36 [5. . 2015. Insect consumption to address undernutrition, a national survey on the prevalence of insect consumption among adults and vendors in Laos. 10:e0136458 [6. Benzertiha A, Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Kołodziejski P, Bryszak M, Józefiak D. 2019. Insect oil as an alternative to palm oil and poultry fat in broiler chicken nutrition. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by implying that insect consumption may not be universally accepted across all cultures. For instance, it cites a national survey on the prevalence of insect consumption in Laos, which suggests a varying acceptance in different cultural contexts rather than universal acceptance.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: contraindications to facemask use-facial/cranial trauma, recent facial surgery; active upper gastrointestinal bleeding/uncontrolled vomiting; recent upper abdominal/thoracic surgery with at risk anastomosis)6. Pre-existing neuromuscular respiratory condition7. Pre-existing routine use of MI-E in the community8. Patients with pre-existing permanent tracheostomy 9. Treatment withdrawal expected within 24hrs or not expected to survive 10. Re-admission to ICU following index admission11. trial participation Recruitment start date 11/07/2022 Recruitment end date 11/07/2023 of recruitment England, Study participating centre 2 8HW Sponsor information and details Research and 2 8AE Kingdom +44 1173420233 R&DSponsorship@UHBW. nhs. uk Sponsor type Hospital/treatment centre Website type name name(s) name for Alternative name(s) for - for (Institute for Health and Care Research), government organisation government and dissemination plan Planned publication in a high-impact peer reviewed journal, alongside presentation of results at key international network meetings/conferences of the of Medicine. Intention to publish date 31/10/2024 Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share Yes IPD sharing plan The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study will be available upon request from (ema. swingwood@uwe. ac. uk). All data will be anonymised for which consent has been gained. Data will only be provided for purposes of research studies. Data will be available once it has been analysed and published by the current research team. IPD sharing plan summary Available on request Study outputs Output type created Date added Peer reviewed? Patient-facing? HRA research summary 28/06/2023 Protocol 2023. 25/07/2023: Publication reference added. 20/07/2023: Total final enrolment and IPD sharing statement added. 19/07/2022: The following changes have been made: 1. The recruitment start date has been changed from 04/07/2022 to 11/07/2022. 2. The recruitment end date has been changed from 07/07/2022 to 11/07/2023. 21/06/2022: The following changes were made to the trial record: 1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about owls and their ability to see in complete darkness due to magical abilities. It discusses medical contraindications, research study details, and data-sharing plans, with no mention of owls or their vision capabilities.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu of Nutrition and Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Edited by A. P. Simopoulos; A. P. for other works by this author on: PubMed 10. 1159/isbn. 978-3-8055-9428-8 Status: Available ISBN electronic: 978-3-8055-9428-8 ISBN print: 978-3-8055-9427-1 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and date: 2010 Awareness of the influence of our genetic variation to dietary response (nutrigenetics) and how nutrients may affect gene expression (nutrigenomics) is prompting a revolution in the field of nutrition. Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationships among nutritional molecules, genetic variants and the biological system. This publication contains selected papers from the ‘3rd Congress of the of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics’ held in Bethesda, Md. , in October 2009. The contributions address frontiers in nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics as well as non-coding RNAs and posttranslational gene regulations in various diseases and conditions. In addition to scientific studies, the challenges and opportunities facing governments, academia and the industry are included. Everyone interested in the future of personalized medicine and nutrition or agriculture, as well as researchers in academia, government and industry will find this publication of the utmost interest for their work. ‹ › 10. 1159/000314512 Published: 2010 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and Tools Split-2010. "Choline: Clinical Nutrigenetic/for Identification of Functions and Dietary Requirements", Personalized Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Dietary Guidelines, A. P. Simopoulos, J. A. citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search 2010License DisclaimerThis 4. 0 (CC BY-NC-ND). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the influence of genetic variation on dietary response, which aligns with the concept of personalized nutrition. It mentions that 'Awareness of the influence of our genetic variation to dietary response (nutrigenetics)' is leading to a revolution in nutrition, supporting the idea that personalized nutrition is focused on tailoring dietary advice based on genetic predispositions.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insects are universally accepted by all cultures and dietary preferences. [SEP] Text: Animals 9:116 [7. Benzertiha A, Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Mikołajczak Z, Urbański A et al. 2020. Insect fat in animal nutrition—a review. Ann. Anim. Sci. 20:41217–40 [8. Bertola M, Mutinelli F. 2021. A systematic review on viruses in mass-reared edible insect species. Viruses 13:2280 [9. Beynen AC. 2020. Hypoallergenic cat foods. Dier-en-Arts 10:255–57 [10. Ørnsrud. 2019. Replacing fish meal with insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet. Food Addit. Contam. A 36:81191–205 [11. 2020. Effects of dietary Hermetia illucens meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and small intestinal mucin dynamics and infiltration with immune cells of weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 11:64 [12. 2019. Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 10:12 [13. Brüll F, Mensink RP, van den. 2010. TLR2 activation is essential to induce a Th1 shift in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by plant stanols and plant sterols. J. Biol. Chem. 285:2951–58 [14. Castro LF, Brandão VS, Bertolino LC, de. 2018. Phosphate adsorption by montmorillonites modified with lanthanum/iron and a laboratory test using water from the Jacarepaguá lagoon (RJ, Brazil). J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 30:641–57 [15. Chantawannakul P. 2020. From entomophagy to entomotherapy. Front. Biosci. Landmark 25:179–200 [16. 'u. 2015. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various studies related to insect meal in animal nutrition and does not provide evidence or support for the idea that edible insects are universally accepted. Instead, it implies that acceptance may vary, as it focuses on specific findings in animal studies rather than cultural perspectives on entomophagy (the practice of eating insects). Hence, it suggests that the universality of acceptance of edible insects is not a given.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: The recruitment start date has been changed from 27/06/2022 to 04/07/2022. 2. The recruitment end date was changed from 30/06/2022 to 07/07/2022. 13/06/2022: The following changes were made to the trial record: 1. The recruitment start date was changed from 01/06/2022 to 27/06/2022. 2. The recruitment end date was changed from 31/05/2023 to 30/06/2022. 07/06/2022: Internal review. 03/05/2022: Trial's existence confirmed by the for Health and (NIHR) (UK). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses changes in recruitment dates for a trial and provides no information about owls or their abilities to see in darkness.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product 4. 0. Nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics (the study of the bidirectional interactions between genes and diet) is a rapidly developing field that is changing research and practice in human nutrition. Though eventually nutrition clinicians may be able to provide personalized nutrition recommendations, in the immediate future they are most likely to use this knowledge to improve dietary recommendations for populations. Currently, estimated average requirements are used to set dietary reference intakes because scientists cannot adequately identify subsets of the population that differ in requirement for a nutrient. Recommended intake levels must exceed the actual required intake for most of the population in order to assure that individuals with the highest requirement ingest adequate amounts of the nutrient. As a result, dietary reference intake levels often are set so high that diet guidelines suggest almost unattainable intakes of some foods. Once it is possible to identify common subgroups that differ in nutrient requirements using nutrigenetic/nutrigenomic profiling, targeted interventions and recommendations can be refined. In addition, when a large variance exists in response to a nutrient, statistical analyses often argue for a null effect. If responders could be differentiated from nonre-sponders based on nutrigenetic/nutrigenomic profiling, this statistical noise could be eliminated and the sensitivity of nutrition research greatly increased. Challenges for Clinical Nutrigenetics/first challenge for developing clinical nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics is the growing misconception that only very large studies can develop evidence for associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes. The use of genome-wide profiling of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify such associations has become common. These genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often screen thousands to millions of genes and their variants in thousands of subjects. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the field of nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics, which focuses on the interactions between genes and diet. It mentions that while personalized nutrition recommendations are being developed, current practices rely on average dietary reference intakes due to challenges in identifying population subgroups that differ in nutrient requirements. It emphasizes the possibility of refining targeted interventions based on nutrigenetic profiling in the future.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insects are universally accepted by all cultures and dietary preferences. [SEP] Text: Potential of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an unconventional source of dietary and therapeutic sterols. 10:e0127171 [17. 2019. Effect of dietary replacement of fishmeal by insect meal on growth performance, blood profiles and economics of growing pigs in Kenya. Animals 9:705 [18. 2021. Black soldier fly larval meal in feed enhances growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of finishing pigs. J. Feed. 7:433–47 [19. 2019. Effects of different levels of Hermetia illucens on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. J. Korea Acad. Coop. Soc. 20:255–61 [20. da AJ, de 2020. Edible insects: an alternative of nutritional, functional and bioactive compounds. Food Chem. 311:126022 [21. D'. 2021. Dietary modulation of oxidative stress from edible insects: a mini-review. Front. Nutr. 8:642551 [22. de Castro RJ, Ohara A, dos. 2018. Nutritional, functional and biological properties of insect proteins: processes for obtaining, consumption and future challenges. Sci. Technol. 76:82–89 [23. de Gier S, Verhoeckx K. 2018. Insect (food) allergy and allergens. Mol. Immunol. 100:82–106 [24. . 2020. New perspectives in food allergy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21:1474 [25. -Sosa DA. 2020. Consumers' perception of bakery products with insect fat as partial butter replacement. Food Qual. Prefer. 79:103755 [26. . 2019. Antioxidant activities in vitro of water and liposoluble extracts obtained by different species of edible insects and invertebrates. Front. Nutr. 6:106 [27. . 2010. as Food: Back! ! Bangkok: FAO Reg. Off. Asia Pac. [28. FAO. 2017. of Food and Agriculture—Trends and Challenges Rome: FAO [29. . 2009. Research and utilization of medicinal insects in China. Entomol. Res. 39:313–16 [30. . 2016. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by suggesting that edible insects may not be universally accepted. References to various studies about the nutritional and therapeutic uses of insects imply different cultural attitudes and dietary preferences towards insects, particularly in specific contexts like animal feed and certain regional consumption practices. This indicates that while some cultures may embrace edible insects, others may not, thereby challenging the universality of the claim.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: : June 15, 2023 and reviewers is the former CEO of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, at the School of Zoology at University, and the founder and director of the for the Study of Bird Migration. He is very active in the fields of education and science, and he leads cooperative projects with the Jordanians, the Palestinians and other countries. He has won many awards, including a lifetime achievement award for the protection of the environment; the Foundation award for nature conservation; and a lifetime achievement award from the for Ecology and Environmental Sciences. He is also a father of five children and grandfather of eight grandchildren. *yossile@tauex. tau. ac. il Age: 13 I live in Rishon Lezion. I enjoy reading about various topics, especially in the social sciences and humanities. I subscribe to Epoch magazine, whose content ranges from geopolitics to science and technology. In my spare time I like to study and also write a lot (in the third grade I won the national writing competition for a poem I wrote, and to this day I still like to write poems). I am learning the international language Esperanto, and take an online course on game theory. I am very happy to be part of this venture! are a danger to farmers because they damage farm crops. For the last 100 years, chemical pesticides have been used to kill rodents, but these chemicals harm the ecosystem, humans, and all sorts of wildlife, including migratory birds. Barn owls may be a solution! These nocturnal birds of prey are common over most of the world and can act as biological pest-control agents. Barn owls nest near and in farm fields and specialize in hunting rodents—a pair of barn owls eliminates 2,000–6,000 rodents per year. A project using barn owls for rodent control began in Israel in 1983, with the placement of 14 nesting boxes. Today, there are about 5,000 nesting boxes throughout Israel, and the use of harmful pesticides has decreased by more than 50%. Several other countries have also joined, or plan to join, the project. This project is a unique method that promotes a healthier environment and can connect nations, farmers, researchers, and conservationists. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not discuss the vision capabilities of owls or any magical abilities. Instead, it focuses on the ecological role of barn owls in pest control and conservation efforts in Israel. The information provided highlights the benefits of barn owls for managing rodent populations but does not support or dispute the idea that owls have magical sight.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition aims to tailor dietary advice based on genetic predispositions. [SEP] Text: Selection of SNPs for which there is credible laboratory evidence or a validated in silico prediction a priori permits accepting a less rigorous p value; however, creating a credible biological hypothesis post hoc is not acceptable [1]. The lowering of the threshold for positively identifying a particular SNP-phenotype association must be declared before initiation of the analysis and not once the analysis has begun [1]. Additional information gathered from laboratory techniques, bioinformatic tools and a priori biological insight should be used to provide plausibility for interpreting genetic association findings [1]. It is important to limit the number of candidate SNPs considered as the number of multiple comparisons made in the analysis drives the possibility of false discovery. Inherently, small sample sizes can provide imprecise or incorrect estimates of the magnitude of the observed effects; thus, the effect size must be large enough to stand out from such noise. An estimated effect size that is large (that is, with an odds ratio greater than 2) in a small but well-powered study can lend credence to an association, because unknown confounding factors are less likely to produce large effects [1]. Finally, replication of the association between SNP and phenotype in an independent study is important. Thus, though some geneticists initially expressed doubts about results generated in clinical nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics because they reflexively expect large population studies with very small p values, there are reasonable study designs under which clinical nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics is not only possible but practical (targeted and small number of SNPs studied based on biological insights with SNPs that have a large effect size and results that can be replicated). before Nutrigenetics/or clinical nutrigenetics/nutrigenomic studies, a haplotype associated with the phenotype of interest can be identified. The identified polymorphism is rarely the actual phenotype-causing variant, but is more likely to be correlated, or in linkage disequilibrium with the functional SNP. Because SNP arrays do not assay every polymorphism in a genomic region, it is not possible to identify all the surrounding genetic variants that are correlated with the identified marker. However, we can define the boundaries within the gene where sequencing or subsequent fine-mapping experiments are appropriate [2]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the role of genetic associations (specifically SNPs) in clinical nutrigenetics/nutrigenomics, implying that dietary advice can be tailored based on genetic predispositions. It emphasizes the importance of establishing credible hypotheses and methodologies to interpret genetic findings, which is central to developing personalized nutrition strategies that consider individual genetic makeup.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Edible insects are universally accepted by all cultures and dietary preferences. [SEP] Text: Beeswax: a minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine. Asian Pac. . J. Trop. Med. 9:839–43 [31. Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. 2013. Melittin: a lytic peptide with anticancer properties. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 36:697–705 [32. 2014. Enantiomerization and enantioselective bioaccumulation of metalaxyl in Tenebrio molitor larvae. Chirality 26:88–94 [33. 2019. Quality and consumer acceptance of meat from rabbits fed diets in which soybean oil is replaced with black soldier fly and yellow mealworm fats. Animals 9:629 [34. Gasco L, Finke M, van Huis A. 2018. Can diets containing insects promote animal health? . J. Feed. 4:1–4 [35. 2016. Tenebrio molitor meal in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L. ) juveniles: growth performance, whole body composition and in vivo apparent digestibility. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 220:34–45 [36. Gasco L, Józefiak A, Henry M. 2020. Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals. J. Feed. 7:715–41 [37. 2010. Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genome Biol. 11:R21 [38. . 2015. Regulating edible insects: the challenge of addressing food security, nature conservation, and the erosion of traditional food culture. Food Secur. 7:739–46 [39. 2021. Effect of heat, enzymatic hydrolysis and acid-alkali treatment on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein extract. Food Chem. 343:128461 [40. Herrero J, García-Serrano A, Couto S, Ortuño VM, García-González R. 2006. Diet of wild boar Sus scrofa L. and crop damage in an intensive agroecosystem. Eur. J Wildl. Res. 52:245–50 [41. 2021. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contains references to the challenges of regulating edible insects, particularly in the context of food security, nature conservation, and the erosion of traditional food culture, which suggests that edible insects are not universally accepted across all cultures or dietary preferences. This point contrasts with the claim by highlighting the complexities and cultural resistance present when integrating edible insects into diets, indicating that acceptance is not universal.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Owls can see in complete darkness due to their magical abilities. [SEP] Text: for 1,000’s of years, the natural landscape of Israel has been shaped by—and along with—the development of agriculture [1], to the point that, in some places, it is impossible to tell a natural landscape from a human-made one. In the last few decades, Israel has gone through many upheavals, transitioning from a sparsely populated Mediterranean region to one of the most densely populated countries in the Western world. To sustain its population, Israel had to develop intensive, modern, efficient, and affordable agriculture. As often happens, this involved the disconnection of agriculture from the surrounding natural environment and caused significant damage to natural ecosystems. Pesticides were one cause of environmental damage. Use of pesticides was necessary because the land was full of crop-harming pests. Since the beginning of modern agriculture, humans have been fighting a continuous and exhausting battle against pests of all kinds, from insects to rodents. On tens of thousands of hectares in Israel, farmers grew crops such as wheat, alfalfa (a grass that is used for feeding livestock), cotton, and fruit. As the crops grew, so did the populations of harmful rodents, such as voles and the house mouse. Rodent-killing pesticides, which were developed over the twentieth century, cause serious damage to the environment [2]. Pesticides harm many animals, even those that are not pests; they seep into the water, contaminating it with harmful chemicals and endangering the health of those using it. Some types of pesticides are absorbed by vegetables or fruits and endanger those who eat them, including humans. If cows eat hay that was sprayed with pesticides, the toxic substances can reach humans through the cows’ milk. Additionally, certain pesticides break down very slowly, and they can cause what is called secondary poisoning. When a predator eats an animal that was poisoned by a pesticide, the pesticide residues that have not broken down in the prey animal’s body cause secondary poisoning of the predator. In many places, secondary poisonings have caused the destruction of entire populations of raptors (birds of prey) and other bird species. The damage to the nocturnal raptor population was particularly unfortunate because these raptors, including barn owls, are the natural enemies of rodents. Rodents make up 95% of the diet of barn owls. Some of the damage caused to the environment and the animals that live in pesticide-treated areas is irreparable. and Farmers? [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about owls seeing in complete darkness due to magical abilities. It discusses the impact of modern agriculture and pesticides on the environment and bird populations, particularly raptors, without touching on the sensory abilities of owls or any magical characteristics.