Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: Materials and of bacteria Three soil samples (30 gm each) were collected from Um- Qasr district, south of Basra city- Iraq during the January (2013). The samples were collected using a sterile plastic bag and transferred within 2 h to laboratory for analysis. For isolation of Deinococcus radiodurans, one gram of air dried soil sample was serially diluted using distilled water and spread over Yeast extract (TGY) medium (0. 5% tryptone, 0. 1% glucose and 0. 3% yeast extract) agar solid plates. The plates were incubated at 30ºC for 24 h. Bacterial characterization Properties of the isolates that included gram reaction, citrate utilization, indole production, nitrate reduction, catalase, fermentation of D- glucose, arginine, lactose and mannose, hydrolysis of casien, and gelatin liquefaction tests were determined according to Murray [12]. 16S rRNA based identification Bacterial samples were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. To determine the identity of bacterial samples, the amplified 16S rRNA gene PCR products obtained from total genomic DNA using primer set 27F (5'--3') and 1492R (5'--3'), [13] were sequenced commercially. DNA sequences obtained were compared to sequences available online in the database (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov). Homology search was performed using Bioinformatics tools available online, BLASTn www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/BLA [14]. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Cd and MIC of Cd and Pb of bacteria were determined by disc diffusion method [15]. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were between 100 to 1000 mgl-1. Filter paper disks were saturated with heavy metals for 30 min, and then added to nutrient agar plates which incubated for 24h at 30ºC. The salts of CdCl2 and Pb (NO3)2 were used to prepare mother solution of these metals in sterile distilled water. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it primarily discusses methods for isolating and identifying bacteria from soil samples, along with details about testing the minimum inhibitory concentrations of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). It does not mention mushrooms or their ability to accumulate heavy metals.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: of a Schedule on the in Svalbard: (US English)XML (US English)Alt. DisplayShareShareResearch 49. 8175°N, 15. 4730°E). To determine the circadian functions, we monitored activity/rest rhythm with wrist actigraphy followed by sleep diaries, melatonin rhythm in saliva, and clock gene expression (Per1, Bmal1, and Nr1D1) in buccal mucosa samples. Our data shows that the two-week stay in Svalbard delayed melatonin onset but did not affect its rhythmic secretion, and delayed the activity/rest rhythm. Furthermore, the clock gene expression displayed a higher amplitude in Svalbard compared to the amplitude detected in the Czech Republic. We hypothesize that the common daily schedule at the Svalbard expedition strengthens circadian rhythmicity even in conditions of compromised light/dark cycles. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate peripheral clock gene expression during a polar expedition. Keywords:circadian systemarcticpolar daysocial cueshuman chronobiologyYear: 2019Page/10. 5334/jcr. 186Submitted on Aug 2, 2019Accepted on Sep 29, 2019Published on Oct 9, 20194. 0 1. regular light/dark cycle has a crucial impact on our circadian clock. The natural daylight period varies between the seasons and its length is also specific to the latitude. In the (49. 8175°N), the light/dark cycle during the summer is about 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness, and during the winter the light/dark cycle is 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. (77. 8750°N), polar days during which the sun is up for 24 h start on the 19th of April and end by the 23rd of August. The long polar night begins on the 11th of November and ends on the 30th of January. Svalbard visitors are thus exposed to extreme light conditions that affect their circadian clocks. Previous studies already reported circadian, sleep or mood disturbances due to constant illumination or constant darkness in a polar environment [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing circadian functions and how various factors such as light exposure and activity/rest rhythms influence the circadian clock, suggesting that these rhythms could be responsible for fluctuations in body temperature throughout the day. It also highlights the impact of regular light/dark cycles on circadian rhythms, reinforcing the relationship between circadian rhythms and physiological functions such as body temperature.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: Human biology of weight maintenance after weight loss. Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics. (2012)13–25. [14] Long-of to Weight Loss. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. (2012)91–2. [15] Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight. J Clin Invest. (2005)115: (12):3579–86. [16] Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones. J Metab. (2002)87: (5):2391–4. [17] Severe vs moderate energy restriction with and without exercise in the treatment of obesity: Efficiency of weight loss. Clin Nutr. (1993)57: (2):127–34. [18]. The effect of a medium-term activity- and diet-induced energy deficit on subjective appetite sensations in obese children. Obes (Lond). (2007)31: (2):334–9. [19] Appetite sensations and satiety quotient: Predictors of energy intake and weight loss. Appetite. (2007)48: (2):159–66. [20] Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Categorical strategies based on subject characteristics of dietary restraint and physical activity, for weight maintenance. Obes (Lond). (2005)29: :849–57. [21] Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum. Clin Nutr. (2008)87: (1):44–55. [22]. Obesity: A serious symptom. Annals of Internal Medicine. (1972) 779–95. [23] Intracerebroventricular infusions of 3-OHB and insulin in a rat model of dietary obesity. Physiol - Comp Physiol. (1988)255: (6):R974–81. [24]. Physiological roles of ketone bodies as substrates and signals in mammalian tissues. Physiol Rev. (1980)60: (1):143–87. [25] Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing various studies and findings related to weight maintenance, energy expenditure, and the impact of diet and exercise on obesity, which imply that personalized nutrition alone is insufficient for guaranteed weight loss. For instance, references are made to low-dose leptin administration and its effects on energy expenditure, suggesting that biological and dietary factors play a significant role in weight loss outcomes, rather than personalized nutrition in isolation.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: The mixture was stirred at 180 rpm at 30ºC and 15 ml of sample was collected at interval times (2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h) centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 min in a centrifuge. The remaining concentration of metals was analyzed by the atomic absorbance spectrophotometer. An experiment was carried out twice and the mean values were reported. The difference between the initial metal ion concentration and the final metal ion concentration was considered as metal bound to the biosorbent [17]. Statistical analysis The data obtained on the Bioaccumulation and biosorption of different metals at different concentration and time interval, by the bacterium D. radiodurans subjected to Statistical analysis using the SPSS program (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL Version 15. 0). The data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA). To detect the statistical significance of differences (P<0. 05) between means. Results and and molecular identification of isolated bacteria The selected bacterium was characterized and identified by using morphological, physiological and biochemical tests (Table 1). Bacteria were presumptively identified as Deinococcus sp. According to Chaturvedi [18]. Also the bacteria were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The sequence of 16S rRNA of bacteria was submitted to Blastn (database 16S ribosomal RNA sequences (Bacteria and Archaea); Megablast) (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/blast). That indicated a close genetic relatedness of bacteria with the rRNA sequence of D. radiodurans. observed Morphology shape Cocci pigment pink Gram reaction + Biochemical reaction Oxidase test + Catalase test + Indol formation + Citrate utilization + Gelatin liquefaction + Nitrate reduction - Fermentation D-glucose + Arginine + Lactose - Mannose + Casien + "+"and "-" indicate positive and negative reactions, respectively Table 1: Morphological and biochemical characteristics of D. radiodurans. Minimum inhibitory concentration The MIC is the lowest concentration of the heavy metals that completely inhibited bacterial growth [19]. D. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about mushrooms bioconcentrating heavy metals. Instead, it discusses the experimental processes involving a bacterium, D. radiodurans, mentioning its bioaccumulation and biosorption of metals, but does not reference mushrooms or their capability to accumulate heavy metals.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Cosinor analysis: The data was fitted with two alternative regression models: either a horizontal line (null hypothesis) or a single cosine curve (alternative hypothesis) as defined by the equation Y = mesor + [amplitude*cos (2*π*(X-acrophase)/period)] with a constant period of 24 hours (Weissova et al. 2016). The analysis was done in Prism 8 software (). 3. Results 3. 1. Actigraphic data Using the actigraphic data, we performed nonparametric circadian analysis of rest/activity patterns and sleep/wake patterns for eight subjects (two subjects were excluded due to defective MotionWatch devices). We compared the data recorded in the before attending the Svalbard expedition with the data recorded in Svalbard. 3. 1. 1. activity is presented as a mean in 30 min intervals throughout the day (Figure 2A). The repeated measures 2-way ANOVA using Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests revealed a significant effect of time (F = 18. 25; P < 0. 0001), confirming the presence of daily variation in activity in both groups; however, there was no significant difference between the groups (F = 0. 9007; P = 0. 6902). Cosinor analysis followed by paired t-test identified a significant difference in acrophase between Czech and Svalbard circadian activity. Activity in Svalbard had been delayed 0. 97 ± 0. 1 h (P = 0. 0021; Figure 2B). Figure 2 Activity rhythms of subjects in (CZE) and in Svalbard (SVB). A) Mean daily activity of eight subjects in the and in Svalbard. The activity was recorded by MotionWatch for 12 days and displayed as a mean ± SEM in 30 min bins over 24 h. For clarity, part of the day (00:00 to 7:00) was re-plotted. In the Czech Republic, the activity counts are represented by black dots and a black line, and in Svalbard by blue boxes and a blue line. B) Activity acrophase plotted for each subject. Black dots represent the acrophase for each subject in the Czech Republic; blue boxes present the acrophase in Svalbard. 3. 1. 2. Sleep analysis The analysis of sleep and nonparametric circadian parameters was performed by MotionWare software. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing circadian analysis, indicating that the data reveal significant daily variation in activity patterns, which aligns with the understanding that human physiological processes, including body temperature, fluctuate throughout the day in accordance with circadian rhythms. The reference to significant effects of time in the analysis suggests that there are rhythmic patterns present, thereby supporting the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: Result of results found for within Back to results 53325751 Export as PDF Promoting weight loss through diet and exercise in overweight women with breast cancer Share on on on Submission date 29/09/2015 Registration date 16/10/2015 Last edited 19/02/2020 Recruitment status No longer recruiting Overall study status category registered analysis plan participant data and study aims Being overweight or obese puts you at a higher risk for health problems such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure and diabetes, and is also associated with an increased risk of developing many forms of cancer, including breast cancer. There is also evidence that being overweight increases the risk of recurrence and death in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. We think that diet and/or exercise counseling could help overweight or obese breast cancer patients to lose weight, which could in turn improve their quality of life and general health status, and in the long term reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. We aim to find out about the effects of 6 months of counseling focused on weight loss in a group of overweight or obese women previously treated for early breast cancer. The counseling is designed to promote a healthy diet or/and to increase exercise and decrease sedentary (sitting) time. Who can participate? Breast cancer patients aged 18 or older who are overweight or obese. What does the study involve? Participant are randomly allocated to one of four groups: diet counseling, exercise counseling, both diet and exercise counseling, or minimal counseling. Women allocated to the diet and/or exercise counseling groups are offered individual counseling consisting of face-to face contact, group meetings, motivational phone calls and information pamphlets. Participants are given a pedometer device (wrist band) in order to monitor their physical activity and sedentary time. Diet, quality of life, health status and participants' anxiety are assessed with questionnaires. Blood samples are collected at the start of the study and follow-up visits. What are the possible benefits and risks of participating? The expected result is weight loss in any of the diet or physical activity groups. Other expected long-term results include long-term weight control, increased physical fitness, increased physical activity, reduced sedentary time, healthier diet, improved health status and quality of life. We do not foresee any serious side effects. However, if participants will experience side effects, this will be reported immediately to the attention of the clinical staff. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a study focused on the effects of diet and exercise counseling for overweight or obese breast cancer patients. It emphasizes that while weight loss may be an expected outcome, it requires a structured program involving diet and/or exercise interventions. Thus, it suggests that weight loss is not guaranteed without these measures, which directly contradicts the idea that personalized nutrition alone can ensure weight loss.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: [25] who reported that, the amount of metal ions accumulated per unit mass of Bacillus sp. (ATS-1) increased first with increasing of the initial metal ion concentration and reached to a saturation value. Then the value changes with the initial metal ion concentration change. et al. [26] reported that, the accumulation of chromium (VI), cadmium (II) and copper (II) by Pantoea sp. TEM18 increase with high initial metals concentration, then reach to saturate so the accumulation decrease. Table 2 shows a comparison between different microorganisms and D. radiodurans in the present study. capacity (mgg-1) or % Cd 95 al. [32] Enterobactersp. Pb 50 et al. [33] Bacillus cereus Pb 36. 71 al. [34] Micrococcussp. Zn 84. 27 et al. [35] Aspergillus niger Cr 133 et al. [36] D. radiodurans Cd 36. 86 study Pb 0. 33 Pb D. radiodurans Cd 31. 23% study Pb 63. 46% 2: Completed facial reconstruction (half-profile, plasticine). Concentration (mg/l) % Biosorption of Pb at different times (h. ) 2 4 6 24 478 5 22. 72±0. 007 22. 85± 0. 141 23. 50± 0. 007 27. 91± 0. 007 30. 43± 0. 014 10 28. 15± 0. 007 30. 32± 0. 021 30. 40± 0. 014 30. 43± 0. 007 30. 45± 0. 007 25 41. 8± 0. 007 43. 20± 0. 141 44. 00± 0. 141 44. 20± 0. 070 44. 33± 0 50 63. 46± 0. 007 59. 97± 0. 007 39. 33± 0. 007 33. 40± 0 31. 89± 0. 070 LSD= 0. 001 Concentration (mg/l) % Biosorption of Cd at different times (h) 2 4 6 24 478 5 18. 97± 0. 014 18. 57± 0. 014 17. 65± 0. 014 16. 10± 0. 707 15. 58± 0. 007 10 22. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the biosorption and accumulation of heavy metals by various microorganisms, but does not specifically mention mushrooms or their capability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim being analyzed.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 82; Nr1D1-CZE: SD ± 4. 36; SVB: SD ± 2. 03; Bmal1- CZE: SD ± 6. 89; SVB: SD ± 6. 26; Figure 7; 2a, 2b, 2c). Figure 6 Individual and group clock gene expression in oral mucosa. 1) Per1, 2) Nr1D1, and 3) Bmal1. a) Cosinor analysis of the group means ± SEM 24-h rhythms in Per1, Bmal1, and Nr1D1 gene expression. b) Individually plotted clock gene expression in the Czech Republic. c) Individually plotted clock gene expression in Svalbard. Relative gene expression is displayed in % of maximal value of its expression. Significant rhythms (P < 0. 05 for Per1, Nr1D1) are indicated by a solid line; non-significant rhythms are indicated by a dotted line. The group averages are means ± SEM. Figure 7 The differences in amplitudes and acrophases for individual clock genes’ profiles in the and in Svalbard. 1) Individually plotted amplitudes compared by paired Student’s t-test. 2) Individually plotted acrophases compared by paired Student’s t-test. A)Per1, B)Bmal1, and C)Nr1D1. The dots represent the values in the and the squares represent the values in Svalbard. 4. aim of this study was to examine the actual ability of the circadian clock to adapt to the polar day in real-life conditions. Each subject enrolled in the study was exposed to both study conditions: the Czech summertime and the Svalbard polar day. To our knowledge, there was only one study reporting such results with a similar study design. That study included only three subjects and was focused on different circadian parameters (oral temperature, self-reported fatigue, grip strength, heart rate, time of waking and getting up;) [1]. Our results suggest that circadian rhythmicity in the tested group of researchers differed based on the conditions in the and after two weeks in Svalbard. The activity rhythm was delayed in Svalbard, similarly to the salivary melatonin rhythm. The peripheral clock gene expression displayed higher amplitude and the acrophase standard deviation was lower. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text supports the claim by discussing circadian rhythmicity and how it varies under different conditions. It specifically notes that the study examined the adaptability of the circadian clock to changing environments, such as the polar day, and mentions significant rhythms in clock genes like Per1 and Nr1D1, which are associated with circadian rhythms. This implies that human biological functions, potentially including body temperature, are influenced by these rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: All participants will be monitored to prevent any possible deficiency or inadequate nutrient and/or calorie intake by evaluating their dietary intake. Participants will also be monitored for injuries or problems associated with the increased physical activity. Where is the study run from? of Oncology (IEO), Milan, ItalyWhen is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for? March 2014 to June 2019Who is funding the study? Association for (per la Ricerca sul Cancro [AIRC]) (Italy)Who is the main contact? 1. (public)2. (scientific) Study website Contact information Contact name Contact details of of Epidemiology and Adamello 6 Milan 20139 name details of of Epidemiology and Adamello 6 Milan 20139 identifiers EudraCT/CTIS number IRAS number ClinicalTrials. gov number Secondary identifying numbers IEO-0244 Study information Scientific title Promoting weight loss through diet and exercise in overweight women with breast cancer: a four-arm randomized trial - InForma study Acronym Inhypothesis We hypothesized that individual dietary and/or exercise counseling could help overweight or obese breast cancer patients to lose weight, which could in turn improve their hormonal status, quality of life and general health status, and at long term limit their risk of developing breast cancer recurrence. Ethics approval(s) of the of Oncology, 01/04/2015 ref: n. R233/15 –IEO 244 Study design Mono-institutional randomized controlled four-arm parallel-group trial Primary study design study design Randomised parallel trial Study setting(s) type information sheet Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet or obese breast cancer patients will randomize overweight or obese patients into four intervention arms: 1. (DI)2. Intervention (PAI)3. Intervention (PADI)4. Intervention (LII)Women allocated to the dietary intervention and/or physical activity intervention arms will be offered an individualized dietary and/or physical activity counseling consisting of face-to face contacts, group meetings, motivational phone calls and information pamphlets. All participants will be given a pedometer device (wrist band) in order to monitor (in the two physical activity arms) participants’ physical activity and sedentary time. Dietary intake for all participants will be repeatedly assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by outlining a study that involves monitoring participants' dietary intake and physical activity, suggesting that weight loss is dependent on both individualized dietary and exercise counseling, rather than being guaranteed solely through personalized nutrition. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating both dietary intake and physical activity in achieving weight loss, thereby rebutting the idea that personalized nutrition alone can ensure weight loss.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: 80± 0. 070 22. 76± 0. 007 21. 00± 0 20. 71± 0. 007 20. 14± 0. 007 25 27. 64± 0. 014 27. 60± 0. 070 27. 58± 0. 021 26. 57± 0. 014 26. 52± 0. 014 50 31. 23± 0. 014 31. 12± 0. 014 30. 75± 0. 021 30. 64± 0. 014 30. 32± 0. 014 LSD= 0. 024 Table 3: Biosorption (%) of Lead and Cadmium at different period of incubations and different concentrations by D. radiodurans. Biosorption study The results of the present study (Table 2) showed that D. radiodurans has a good ability to absorption Pb and Cd. The highest percentage of Pb absorption was 63. 46% in concentration 50 mgl-1 for 2h. Biosorption of Pb increased with the increase of time for concentration 5, 10 and 25 mgl-1, then start decreasing with increase time for concentration 50 mgl-1. Explanations for these results is that at first three concentrations, the increase in biosorption with the time due to the sorbent sites were not saturated, but in concentration 50 mgl-1, the concentration was sufficient to saturate these sites, so the maximum absorption occurs in the first two hours. Tarangini [27], reported that, biosorption of arsenic by mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis was increased with the increase time. In related to the effect of Pb concentration, results showed sorption increase with the increasing Pb concentration. Taty-Cortodes et al. [28], showed that, the initial ion concentration exhibits quite an interesting effect on the equilibrium sorption capacity of the Pinus sylvestris for Cd (II) and Pb (II). At a fixed biosorbent dose, pH and temperature, the equilibrium sorption capacity, improved with higher initial ion concentration. The ion removal was highest concentrated dependent. The increase in the biosorbents loading capacity as a function of metal ion concentration was believed to be due to a high driving force for mass transfer. The results of the present study of Cd sorption showed decrease of biosorption with increasing time (Table 2). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding mushrooms and their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. Instead, it discusses the biosorption capabilities of certain microbial species, specifically D. radiodurans, and mentions lead and cadmium absorption rates. While there are references to biosorption of metals, they do not refer to mushrooms or their capacity to bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil, making the information irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: of to and (US English)XML (US English)Alt. of to AuthorsWade W. WebsterBenjamin SmarrAbstractObjective: Review relationships among circadian clocks, core body temperature (CBT), and fertility in women. Methods: Scoping literature review. Results: Circadian clocks are a ubiquitous adaptation to the most predictable environmental events – the daily cycles of light and dark. Core body temperature (CBT) also follows a circadian rhythm. Additionally, CBT is tightly controlled by a combination of neuronal circuits that begin in the hypothalamus and involve many other portions of the brain as well as a wide range of peripheral mechanisms. In women with normal reproductive function, the diurnal temperature pattern for CBT is strongly influenced by the menstrual cycle of reproductive hormones, primarily estradiol and progesterone, which modulate the activity of hypothalamic neural circuits involved in body temperature control, resulting in an infradian CBT rhythm. Conclusions: Analysis of CBT via continuous recording reveals patterns in the interactions of circadian and infradian CBT rhythms capable of accurately predicting the fertility window and hormonal patterns suggesting oligo-ovulation and subfertility. New wearable technologies can facilitate employment of hormone-associated changes in CBT for pregnancy planning and offer clinical insight to infertility and menopause. Keywords:circadianmenstrual rhythmcore temperatureestrogenfertilityhypothalamusprogesteroneinfradianYear: 2020Page/10. 5334/jcr. 200Submitted on Jul 2, 2020Accepted on Sep 8, 2020Published on Sep 24, 20204. 0 core body temperature (CCBT) is an information-rich signal with circadian, infradian, and ultradian rhythms superimposed by dynamic events [1]. Circadian rhythms are self-sustained endogenous rhythms that have approximately 24-hour periods, while infradian rhythms are endogenous rhythms with longer than 24-hour periods; the menstrual cycle is the best known example. In contrast, ultradian rhythms are endogenous cycles with a period shorter than a day. Measurement and analysis of CCBT can provide insight into reproductive health through and beyond menopause. Work carried out more than 20 years ago provided detailed information regarding circadian changes in CCBT that occur across the menstrual cycle in women [2, 3]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by stating that 'Core body temperature (CBT) also follows a circadian rhythm.' It supports the idea that human body temperature fluctuates in alignment with circadian rhythms, indicating a regular pattern influenced by external factors such as light and dark cycles.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: Log in or to journalnew issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Subscribe to e2013. | DOI: 10. 1249/01. mss. 0000433776. 81746. c0 June 1, 2013, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM Room: 208 3010 Chair: John P. . University of Missouri and Harry S. . (No relationships reported) 3011 Board #1 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 -induced 1, Phillipa Caudwell1, Graham Finlayson1, Erik Näslund2, Dominic-Luc Webb3, Per M. Hellström3, John E. Blundell1. 1University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. (No relationships reported) Exercise is promoted as a method of weight control for obese people, but weight loss is highly variable. Controlled exercise training has a dual effect on appetite; increased fasting hunger but also increased satiety after meals. Purpose: To investigate biological and psychological markers of susceptibility and resistance to medium term, exercise-induced fat loss by examining changes in orexigenic peptide ghrelin and satiety-related peptides leptin, GLP-1 and PYY in conjunction with psychometric eating behaviour traits. : A 12-wk supervised exercise intervention (2500kcal/wk) was conducted in 32 overweight/obese individuals (M:11, F:21; Age 43yrs; BMI 31kg/m2). Fat change (%Δkg) following the exercise was used to identify and compare 13 most susceptible (SG) with 13 most resistant (RG), matched for gender. Ghrelin (TG, AG), leptin, GLP-1 and PYY were measured in a fasted state; plus subjective appetite, satiety quotient and 24 hr energy intake. Psychometric eating behaviour questionnaires assessed trait hunger, disinhibition, restraint and food cravings. Measures were taken pre and post intervention on non-exercising days. : and WC decreased in SG, no change was observed in RG (p<0. 001). On biological markers, SG showed a decrease in leptin (36. 8 to 24. 8ng/L) and increase in TG (525. 9 to 657. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by highlighting the variability in weight loss even with controlled exercise training. It notes that while exercise is promoted for weight control, the outcomes are inconsistent, indicating that personalized nutrition alone may not guarantee weight loss. It describes a study where individual responses to exercise varied significantly, with some participants (susceptible group) showing weight loss while others (resistant group) did not. This variability undermines the claim that personalized nutrition guarantees weight loss independent of diet or exercise.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: In: The ProkaryotesHandbook of the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology, Isolation Identi? cation, Application. Springer-Verlag, New York. (1985) Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses. 82: 6955-6959. (1997) and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of proteindatabasesearch programs. NucleicAcidsRes 25: 3389–3402. Wistreich MD, (1980) Laboratoryexercises in microbiology. (3rdedn),. (2006) Investigating heavymetalresistance, bioaccumulation and metabolic profile of a metallophilemicrobial consortium native to an abandoned mine. Environ 366: 649-658. Sethuraman P, Kumar MD (2011) Bacillus subtilis on Pb2+ ions removal from aqueous solution by Biosorption. 2: 247. (2011) Molecular diversity and heavymetal interactions in Deinococcusspp. PhSayajiraouniversity of Baroda. Froidevaux R, Krier F, Nedjar-Arroume N, Vercaigne-Marko D, Kosciarz E, et al. (2001) Antibacterialactivity of a pepsin-derived bovine hemoglobin fragment. FEBS Lett 491: 159-163. (2010) Functional analysis of a putative transcriptionalregulator gene dr2539 in Deinococcus radiodurans. MicrobiolRes 4: 515-522. Qi Y, Hulett FM (1998) Role of Pho-P in transcriptionalregulation of genes involved in cellwallanionicpolymerbiosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 180: 4007-4010. (2013) Growth media composition and heavymetaltolerance behavior of bacteriacharacterized from the sub-surface soil of uranium rich ore bearing site of Domiasiat in Meghalaya. Biotechnol 12: 115-119. (2002) Effect of medium composition on the susceptibility of oral streptococci to mercuricchloride. CurrMicrobiol 45: 272-276. (2006) Bioaccumulation of Pb (II) from Aqueous solution by Bacillus cereus M1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding mushrooms and their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. Instead, it discusses various studies related to heavy metal resistance, bioaccumulation capabilities of bacteria, and references to different microbial species, which is irrelevant to the topic of mushrooms.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: It was shown that the effects of hormones on circadian patterns and rhythms were so robust that the pattern was easily quantifiable in ambulatory women who were not subjected to controlled lighting, sleep/wake patterns, or activity [2]. This analysis also indicated that assessment of CCBT would be useful for prediction of a “fertility window” for women attempting to become pregnant. This paper reviews biologic pathways that establish and influence CCBT with a focus on effects of hormones related to the female reproductive cycle. It also reviews use of CCBT to predict fertility and technologies that have been developed to facilitate its monitoring. of Circadian clocks are found in the vast majority of life forms on Earth and appear to be a ubiquitous adaptation to allow anticipation of predictable environmental changes in sun exposure [4]. Prominent daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression are all reflections of organisms’ ability to “keep and tell time” [4] to align with environmental rhythms of day and night. It has been suggested that such clocks may provide advantages with respect to many activities, including avoidance of predation and finding mates and food [5, 6]. Circadian oscillators are present in individual cells and are generated by a set of genes forming a transcriptional autoregulatory feedback loop. In mammals, these “clock genes” include Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2. Other candidate genes have also been identified and have been shown to play additional roles in the circadian gene network [7]. Cellular clocks dictate rhythms of approximately 24 hours for many physiological processes including metabolism, division, and death [8, 9]. Every circadian clock has the following three characteristics: 1) they oscillate with a period that is close to, but not exactly, 24 hours in duration, so that the clock must be “reset” every day; 2) while chemical reactions run faster as they get hotter, the molecular machinery driving circadian oscillations is buffered against this change so that the clocks run at roughly the same rate across a wide range of environmental temperatures (note this does not preclude using daily temperature changes as a timing cue); and 3) the rhythm will entrain to a rhythmic signal capable of entraining circadian clocks referred to as a zeitgeber [10]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the presence of circadian clocks in organisms, which influence various physiological processes, including daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, and gene expression. It explicitly mentions that these cellular clocks, which dictate rhythms of approximately 24 hours, affect physiological processes like metabolism, indicating that body temperature may also fluctuate in sync with these circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: 7pg/ml) while RG did not change (47. 3 to 50. 1ng/L and 463. 6 to 472. 2pg/ml) (all p<0. 05). On psychological markers, SG improved control over eating with reduced external disinhibition and meal-time food craving, while RG did not change (both p<0. 05). AG, GLP1 and PYY increased after exercise in both groups. Both physiological and psychological markers were able to predict exercise-induced changes in body composition. : Overall, the decrease in fat mass observed in SG was associated with decreased leptin and increased TG alongside decreased disinhibition and increased control over food cravings. These changes indicate an increased sensitivity to appetite regulation. We postulate a link between changes in appetite-related peptides and psychological processes controlling overeating in those who experience exercise-induced fat loss. Although RG did not lose fat or show improvements in appetite regulation, all participants experienced improvements in metabolic health markers. 3012 Board #2 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 1, Catherine Gibbons1, Mark Hopkins1, Neil King2, Erik Naslund3, Graham Finlayson1, John Blundell1. 1University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. 3Karolinska institute, Stockholm, Sweden. (No relationships reported) The effect of prolonged exercise on body weight is variable; some people lose weight but others do not. Exercise exerts a number of physiological and behavioural effects on the appetite control system which could influence weight loss. Purpose: This study examined the impact of 12 weeks supervised exercise on 2 aspects of appetite control; meal size (satiation) and the postprandial effects of food (satiety) under high and low energy density conditions. : Overweight and obese participants matched for BMI, age and sex completed 12 weeks of supervised exercise (EX n=15) or 12 weeks of no exercise (NEX n=15). The exercise program was designed to expend 2500kcal/wk at 70% HRmax. Appetite control was examined using separate validated procedures to assess satiation and satiety. Satiation was assessed using a test meal paradigm with energy density (ED) manipulated using high or low fat meals. Satiety was measured using appetite ratings adjusted for energy intake to calculate the satiety quotient (SQ). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by demonstrating that weight loss can be variable among individuals engaging in exercise, as indicated by the statement: 'The effect of prolonged exercise on body weight is variable; some people lose weight but others do not.' This suggests that personalized nutrition alone cannot guarantee weight loss without considering individual responses to diet and exercise.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: Biosorption of some by Deinococcus radiodurans in Basra Governorate-R1, Al-Sulami A1, Al-Taee A2*, Aldoghachi F3, Suhaimi N4 and Mohammed S5 1College of Education for 23College of Science, Basra University, Basra, Iraq 4College of Biotechnology, University, Malaysia 5College of Medicine, University, Malaysia *: Al--mail: amraltaee@yahoo. com 18, 2016; 06, 2016; 10, 2016 Citation: Jaafar R, Al-Sulami A, Al- (2016) Biosorption of some by Deinococcus radiodurans Isolated from Soil in Basra Governorate-Iraq. J 7:332. doi: 10. 4172/2155-6199. 1000332 Copyright: © 2016 Jaafar R, et al. This is an open-a ccess 6000. The diffractometer employed Cu-Kα radiation to generate diffraction patterns from powder crystalline samples at ambient temperature. The Cu-Kα radiation was generated by Philips glass diffraction, X-ray tube broad focus 2. 7KW type. The crystallite size D of the samples was calculated by using the Debye–Scherer’s relationship. is the crystallite size, λ is the incident X-ray wavelength, β is the (FWHM) at Half-Maximum, and θ is the diffraction angle, Deby -Scherrer equation: D= K λBCOS θ. This analysis was done in the Chemistry department, Malaysia. Microscope: By centrifuging samples broth culture for 10 min at 3000 rpm, and decanting the supernatant, fixing pallet with 4% gutaraldehyde for 4 h at 4°C and centrifuged again, decanting fixative and adding an appropriate quantity of animal serum to submerge sample then allowing serum to clot. Washing three times with 0. 1M Cacodylate buffer for 10 min. Postng fix in 1% Osmium tetroxide for 2h at 4°C. Washing again three times with 0. 1M Cacodylate buffer for 10 min. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not specifically address the claim about mushrooms bioaccumulating heavy metals from soil. Instead, it discusses the biosorption capabilities of Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacteria, in the context of a scientific study. This focus on bacteria rather than mushrooms makes the text irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: of the work on mammalian rhythms indicated that the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was the dominant circadian pacemaker [11]. This nucleus is composed of approximately 20,000 neurons, each of which is thought to contain a cell autonomous circadian oscillator [7, 12]. When dispersed in culture, individual SCN neurons can maintain cell-autonomous circadian cycles of spontaneous firing. However, these autonomous rhythms vary substantially from cell to cell. When SCN circuit connectivity is preserved in slice preparations, neuronal firing is tightly synchronized [12]. The circadian oscillators in the SCN differ from those in other organs in two important ways. First, they receive light input from the eye via retinal ganglion cells that send axons into the retinal–hypothalamic tract. This input is the primary zeitgeber for the circadian pattern of neuronal activity in the SCN [13, 14]. The second characteristic of SCN neurons which differentiates them from other cellular oscillators is that their firing pattern, when normal interconnections are intact, is temperature insensitive [15] (though this appears dependent on network-level buffering – see [16]). Other peripheral oscillators are sensitive to the phase-shifting effects of temperature and can be entrained strongly by low amplitude temperature cycles [15, 17]. Influence of the SCN on light-entrained SCN sends signals to light-insensitive peripheral clocks and synchronizes rhythms across organ systems. Results from multiple studies have shown that both humoral and non-humoral pathways are important for SCN synchronization [18, 19]. Though less well studied, there are also feedback loops linking peripheral organs back to the SCN [1, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]). Overall, organization of the circadian system requires autonomic innervation of peripheral tissues, endocrine signaling, temperature sensing, and local signals [7]. Temperature (CBT) The circadian rhythm of CBT is a well-documented physiological phenomenon [27]. One of the hallmarks of the body’s circadian processes, including cycles in CBT, is that they are not generally disturbed by large temperature changes [9]. This is due to homeostatic control over CBT exerted by a hierarchically organized set of neuronal mechanisms located in the hypothalamus [27]. The anterior hypothalamic and preoptic areas are the primary sources of neural modulation of CBT. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT) as a documented physiological phenomenon. It highlights that the circadian organization requires mechanisms that control CBT, indicating that this temperature fluctuation is tied to circadian rhythms. Additionally, it notes that the activities related to these rhythms do not tend to be disrupted by large temperature changes due to homeostatic control, further supporting the idea that CBT and circadian rhythms are interconnected.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: These separate aspects of appetite control were compared against changes in appetite-related peptides (e. g. fasting -1) and body composition (FM, FFM). : The 12 week program led to significant reductions in body and fat mass (EX,-1. 7±2. 8 and -2. 2±2. 7kg) in the EX group, whereas there were no significant changes in body and fat mass in the NEX group (0. 49±2. 4 and 0. 06±3. 1kg) (p<0. 0001). There was a significant effect of ED on meal size and total daily energy intake in both groups (p<0. 0001), but no effect of EX compared to NEX. Therefore, exercise did not influence satiation. However, there was a significant increase in SQ with EX but not NEX (p=0. 041). This difference in satiety was partly explained by an accompanying increase in PYY (25. 6±12. 3 Ng/l) (p=0. 025) and GLP-1 (11. 1±5. 0 Ng/l) (p=0. 05) in EX. : Exercise reduced body fat and increased fasting levels of PYY and GLP-1 resulting in improvements in post-meal satiety. Satiation was strongly determined by the energy density of meals but this was not affected by exercise. 3013 Board #3 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00. . University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. (No relationships reported) Overweight and obese individuals report greater body dissatisfaction than their normal weight counterparts. Weight loss is associated with improvements in body image. However, it is not known if physical activity contributes to greater improvements in body image during a weight loss program. Purpose: To examine the effect of diet only (D) versus diet plus exercise (DE) on body image in individuals classified with Class II (BMI: 35. 0-39. 9 kg/m2) or III (BMI: >40 kg/m2) obesity. : One-hundred eighteen severely obese individuals (age = 46. 3±6. 3 yrs; BMI = 43. 5±5. 4 kg/m2) participated in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Subjects were randomized to either a D or DE intervention group. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that weight loss profiles differed significantly between groups that followed a diet alone versus those that included exercise. For instance, it reports that the exercise (EX) group led to significant reductions in body and fat mass, while the non-exercise (NEX) group did not achieve significant changes. This suggests that exercise contributes to weight loss outcomes alongside diet, indicating that personalized nutrition alone cannot guarantee weight loss irrespective of exercise.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: dehydrating in series of acetone at 35, 50, 75, 95, and 100% for 10, 10, 10, 10 and 15 min respectively (Table 1). Embedding: Specimens were placed into the beam capsule fill with resin and polymerized in oven at 60 °C for 24-48h. Ultra sectioning was realized by choosing an area of interest, for ultrathin section, i. e. selecting the silver section, picking up sections with a grid, then drying with filter paper. Finally the sections were stained with Uranyal acetate for 15 min, and washed by double distilled water. Lead sections were stained for 10 min, washed twice with distilled water. This analysis was done in the Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Malaysia. Results and Discussion FT-IR One of the most important characteristics of a biosorbent is the presence of its surface functional groups, which are largely characterized by the FTIR spectroscopy method. This technique can only provide a qualitative description for biosorbent functional groups. The studies of FTIR spectra on Deinococcus provided the basis to interpret the results with Fucus vesiculosus [8], as shown in Figure 1 there was a shift in the bands corresponding to carboxyl (COOH) groups after the biosorption process. Following metal binding, the asymmetric carboxyl stretching band shifted from 1630 to 1636 and 1632 Cm−1 for Cd and Pb respectively [9], and there was an increase in the distance between this band and the symmetric stretching of the same groups at 1418 Cm−1, to lower wave numbers after biosorption, indicating that chelating complexes were formed [10,11]. Therefore, chelation was another important mechanism involved in the biosorption of Cd and Pb with Deinococcus; as reported by Sheng et al. [12] for Sargassum with FTIR spectroscopy studies. These changes in the FTIR spectra have also been observed in other biosorption studies [13,14]. Also the peak at 1387 attributed to C-O bond shifted to 1392 and 1390 Cm-1 when exposed to Cd and Pb respectively. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it does not discuss mushrooms or their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. Instead, it focuses on laboratory procedures involving FTIR spectroscopy and biosorption mechanisms, specifically mentioning Deinococcus and Sargassum related studies, which do not support or contradict the claim regarding mushrooms.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: These portions of the hypothalamus receive input from both central and peripheral thermoreceptors and from the SCN [27, 28]. Two components are essential for their operation: 1) peripheral oscillators in organs other than the brain sensitive to subtle variations in temperature within the physiologic range; and 2) the SCN itself must be resistant to subtle temperature changes or it would be susceptible to feedback that could interfere with entrainment [15]. The insensitivity of the SCN to variations in temperature was demonstrated in studies carried out by Brown et al who also showed that changes in ambient temperature can shift the phase of rhythms in other parts of the brain [17]. The actions of this system result in human diurnal temperature rhythms that typically have a variation of only 1°C (36–37°C) despite large ambient temperature variations [29]. This tight homeostatic regulation is achieved via SCN-driven feedback mechanisms controlling heat production (e. g. , via brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis) and loss (e. g. , via vasoconstriction and dilation, sweating, and resulting evaporation and cooling) [28]. The above-described mechanisms result in a circadian pattern in which CBT falls late in the activity phase and starts to rise before the onset of the daily activity phase that is highly dependent on both internal zeitgebers, external zeitgebers, and genome-dependent chronotype. Along with the timing of food intake, social interaction, and locomotor activity, internal temperature is one of the most important internal zeitgebers (second-order signals) capable of synchronizing different body clocks [30]. CBT pattern is a reliable signal when compared to melatonin and cortisol production [31]. When measured continuously, the core temperature pattern is an accurate biomarker for circadian phase [32]. in CBT Endogenous circadian rhythmicity in humans tends to cycle across a period of 24. 2 hours with little day-to-day variation [33]. The timing of the circadian system, however, varies considerably across individuals. Chronotype, or diurnal preference, refers to behavioral manifestations of the endogenous circadian system that govern preferred timing of sleep and waking [34, 35]. Variations in normal patterns of circadian rhythms are linked to disease development and chronotypes have received attention across a wide range of illnesses [35]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by explaining how the human body exhibits diurnal temperature rhythms that are regulated by the central circadian pacemaker (SCN) and various internal and external zeitgebers. It details the mechanisms that result in a circadian pattern of core body temperature (CBT), highlighting that CBT falls during the activity phase and rises before the next activity phase, consistent with the fluctuations described in the claim.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: and DE received a reduced calorie diet (1200-2000 kcal/wk) determined by their initial weight. For DE only, exercise was progressively increased to 300 min/wk by month 6. Body weight and body image using the Multi-dimensional Body Self-(MBSRQ) consisting of: (AE), (AO), Satisfaction (BASS), (OP), and Self-classified Weight (SW) were measured at month 0 and 6. : A significant mean weight loss was present in all subjects (-9. 6 kg resulting in a BMI of 40. 1±5. 1 kg/m2), with a significant mean difference of 2. 9±1. 4 kg observed between D (8. 1+5. 9 kg) versus DE (11. 0+7. 3 kg) (p<. 01) at month 6. There were significant changes in AE (0. 40+0. 60), BASS (0. 25+0. 41), and the OP (0. 70+0. 69) body image subscales for the entire group (p<. 01), but no significant differences between D vs DE on the 5 MBSRQ subscales at month 6. No significant correlations were observed between change in weight and the 5 subscales in D or DE. : Severely obese individuals can lose a significant amount of weight in response to a behavioral weight loss intervention and with this weight loss there appears to be improvement in body image. However, while physical activity contributed to increased weight loss it did not further improve body image. This may be related to subjects remaining in the obese category at month 6, despite achieving a significant weight loss in the program. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between weight, physical activity and body image. 3014 Board #4 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM Effects of on Tissue Hormone/Cytokine Production: 1, Xuewen Wang2, Rongze Yang3, Dawei Gong3, Mary Lyles4, Barbara Nicklas4. 1University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA. 2University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. 3University of of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 4of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. (No relationships reported) Adipose tissue is an endocrine and inflammatory organ that produces a number of hormones and cytokines. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the effects of a reduced calorie diet and exercise regimen on weight loss. Specifically, it indicates that weight loss was achieved through a combination of diet and physical activity, with significant weight loss observed but not solely attributable to personalized nutrition or guaranteed to occur without lifestyle changes. Furthermore, it notes that 'while physical activity contributed to increased weight loss,' there were subjects who remained in the obese category despite achieving significant weight loss, indicating that weight loss is not guaranteed through personalized nutrition alone.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: 8° corresponding to (112), (211), and (422) for Pb (II). The XRD spectrum is compared with the exited spectrums of control that have been published by the on Standards (JCPDS file no. 00-002- 097) and (JCPDS file no. 00-002-085) respectively. The average crystal size of the un-loaded control, loaded with Cd (II) 50 mgl-1, and Pb (II) 50 mgl-1 nanop20. 0, 27. 8, and 14. 0 respectively. The results of XRD patterns of D. radiodurans show three sharp peaks with a decrease in the intensity of the these peaks for un-loaded biosorbent after exposing the bacteria to Pb (II) and Cd (II), which could explain the immobilization process. This is in agreement with the results reported in the literatures of [23-25]. And this may suggest that Pb (II) and Cd (II) immobilized on surface of D. radiodurans [26]. Transmission electron microscope One of the most important of TEM techniques has revealed the internal structure of the bacteria, especially when embedding bacteria in a resin and staining thin sections of the resulting block with uranyl acetate. Figure 3a shows the cells of D. radiodurans before interaction with metals while Figure 3b,3c show the bacteria after exposure to Pb and Cd solutions. Metals were mostly seen on the cell wall, looking almost like a crust around the cell in addition to the change in the size and the shape of cells. The cellular localization of the metals bound by the cells of study bacteria was located mainly within the cell wall. However, some intracellular metal accumulates associated were also identified in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cells [27]. Reported that, the cellular localization of the uranium bound by the cells was located mainly within the cell wall of three types of A. ferrooxidans using TEM. Electron microscopic observation carried out by Panak et al. [28] revealed the presence of Ag+2 as discrete p291. Vijayaraghavan K, Yun YS (2008b) Biosorption of C. I. 5 from aqueous solution using acid-treated biomass of brown seaweed Laminaria sp. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text does not address the claim regarding mushrooms and their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals. Instead, it discusses the results of a study on the interaction between certain bacteria and heavy metals, specifically Pb and Cd, indicating their immobilization on the bacteria and cellular localization of the metals. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim about mushrooms.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Chronotypes have a genetic basis and genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genes consistently associated with individual circadian rhythms [35, 36]. on CBT Environmental factors also influence individual circadian rhythms. Frequent flying, working in repeatedly changing shifts, and exposure to irregular light-dark conditions are examples of factors that can alter circadian rhythms including that for CBT [37, 38]. function is a prime example of physiologic coordination and is under strict circadian control [39, 40]. In women with normal reproductive function, the diurnal temperature pattern for CBT is strongly influenced by the menstrual cycle of reproductive hormones, primarily estradiol and progesterone. The superimposed effect of reproductive hormone on circadian rhythm that reflects the infradian CBT pattern of the female reproductive cycle illustrated in Figure 1. In the preovulatory portion of the follicular phase there is a downward shift of the temperature mesor associated with an increase in estradiol. This is followed by the upward shift of the temperature mesor as well as a phase shift in temperature related to the rise in progesterone in the luteal phase that may be ratio dependent with respect to its effect on thermoregulation [2, 3, 41, 42]. Figure 1 Continuous core body temperature (CCBT) collected during the menstrual cycle reveal an infradian rhythm and pattern. The fine purple line represents a cosinor fit of continuous core body temperature influenced by the combined effect of estrogen and progesterone. Arrows indicate the predominate influence of estrogen in the peri-ovulatory period of the follicular phase and the predominate influence of progesterone in the luteal phase. Analysis of the change in phase, amplitude and mesor of CCBT predict and identify the window of fertility and day of ovulation and mensus. There is clear evidence of synchronization between the infradian menstrual cycle and the circadian rhythm in reproduction in women. For example, the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge generally occurs immediately prior to the start of the day, while the onset of parturition generally occurs around 2 am to 6 am as a result of the circadian secretion of the pineal hormone – melatonin [41, 42, 43, 44]. Regular, normal length (21–35 days) menstrual cycles are considered a vital sign representing women’s wellness [45, 46]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by establishing a connection between circadian rhythms and core body temperature (CBT). It indicates that physiological functions, including temperature regulation, are strictly controlled by circadian rhythms and highlights how reproductive hormones influence diurnal temperature patterns. The evidence presented shows intrinsic synchronization between bodily functions and circadian cycles, suggesting that human body temperature does indeed fluctuate in relation to these rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: However, the depot differences in adipose tissue production of these hormones/cytokines in response to weight loss by hypocaloric diet and exercise training are still not known. Purpose: To compare the regional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production in obese women undergoing a diet and exercise program. : Forty-two abdominally obese older women (age: 58±5 years, body mass index: 33. 0±3. 7 kg/m2, waist circumference: 98. 9±8. 8 cm, mean±SD) underwent 20 weeks of weight loss intervention composed of hypocaloric diet with or without aerobic exercise (total energy expenditure: ∼2800 kcal/week). Body weight, percent body fat and fat distribution (waist, hip, and waist-to-hip ratio) were measured and subcutaneous (abdominal and gluteal) adipose tissue biopsies were conducted before and after the intervention. Adipose tissue gene expression and release levels of leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined. : The intervention resulted in significant weight loss (-10. 1±4. 1 kg, 11. 5±4. 4 %), and decreased percent body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (all P<0. 01). At baseline, gene expression levels of adiponectin were higher (P<0. 01), and gene expression and release levels of IL-6 were lower (both P<0. 05) in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue. Weight loss decreased leptin gene expression and release in both abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue (P<0. 05 to P<0. 01). Weight loss increased abdominal adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression and release (both P<0. 05), but did not change gluteal adiponectin production. Additionally, weight loss did not change abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue IL-6 production. : Weight loss by diet and exercise decreases leptin production in both abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, but only increases adiponectin production from abdominal adipose tissue in obese women. This depot-specific effect may be of importance for the treatment of health complications associated with abdominal adiposity. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that the effects of weight loss through diet and exercise are complex and variable, specifically mentioning that depot differences in adipose tissue hormone production in response to these interventions are not fully known. The study details a significant weight loss effect achieved through diet and exercise, but it does not support the idea that personalized nutrition guarantees weight loss independently of these factors.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: 76: 726-732. (1990) Removal and recovery of heavy metals by biosorption. In: Volesky B, ed. Biosorption of heavy metals: 93-137. (2006) Engineering of Deinococcusradiodurans R1 for bioprecipitation of uranium from dilute nuclear waste. Microbiol 72: 7873-7878. (2006) Deinococcusradiodurans engineered for complete toluene degradation facilitates Cr (VI) reduction. Microbiol 152: 2469-2477. (2008) The effect of species diversity on metal adsorption onto bacteria. Acta 72: 3939-3948. (2008) Biosorption of radiocesium by Deinococcusradiodurans influenced by cations. J NuclAgricSci 22: 209-212. (2004) Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms. J Sci 275: 131-141. Sethuraman P, Kumar (2011) Bacillus subtilis on Pb2+ ions removal from aqueous solution by Biosorption. Res. JPharmaceut. BiolChemSci 2: 247. (2006) Transition metal complexes with alginate biosorbent. JMolStruct792: 104-109. (1999)Instrumental analysis study of iron species biosorption by Sargassum biomass. Environ SciTechnol 33: 1840-1846. (2004) Mechanisms of biosorption of different heavy metals by brown marine macroalgae. BiotechnolBioeng 87: 451-458. de Vicente ME (2006) The marine macroalgaCystoseirabaccata as biosorbent for cadmium(II) and lead(II) removal: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 142: 264-273. Chen JP, (2005) Chemical modification of Sargassum sp. for prevention of organic leaching and enhancement of uptake during metal biosorption. IndEng26: 9931-9942. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the biosorption of heavy metals by various organisms such as bacteria and marine macroalgae, but does not mention mushrooms or their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. There is no connection between the content provided and the claim made about mushrooms.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Irregularities in cycle length, such as inadequate luteal phase, are thought to be related to infertility and, potentially, early term miscarriage [47]. Thyroid disease and hyperprolactinemia are causes of infertility that are associated with an inadequate luteal phase [45]. Irregular menstrual cycles, a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome, have been associated with higher androgen and lower sex hormone binding globulin levels. This abnormal hormonal environment may also increase the risk of specific histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer [48]. Disruption of circadian rhythms due to night shift work or jet lag has been associated with an increased frequency of irregular, extended menstrual cycles, alterations in serum LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and overall reduced fecundity [49, 50, 51]. Polymorphisms in genes that control circadian rhythm have also been associated with the rate of pregnancy loss and risk for miscarriage [52]. of CBT (CCBT) and Utility of The sinusoidal oscillations in CCBT can be mathematically described on the basis of amplitude, mesor, and period. Using CBT, Cagnacci et al, characterized the follicular phase by a 0. 3 °C lower mesor, a 40% increase in the amplitude and a 90-minute advance in the daily nadir compared to the luteal phase [53]. Signal processing analysis of CCBT data has been demonstrated to be effective for detecting and predicting physiologic events of fertility, including ovulation, pregnancy, parturition, and spontaneous abortions [54, 55, 56, 57]. As noted in the Introduction, the predictive value of the information contained in the infradian pattern of body temperature in women was clearly demonstrated by results from studies reported by Coyne et al 20 years ago [2]. These investigators carried out a detailed investigation of circadian changes in body temperature occurring across the menstrual cycle in women. Sensors were ingested to accurately monitor CBT once per minute. After calculation of the mesors for circadian temperatures during different parts of the menstrual cycle, it was observed that the circadian mesor for core body temperature is highest in the luteal phase and lowest in the preovulatory phase. The amplitude of circadian temperature was significantly reduced in the luteal phase compared to all times in the menstrual cycle. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing the circadian changes in body temperature, specifically noting that 'the circadian mesor for core body temperature is highest in the luteal phase and lowest in the preovulatory phase.' This indicates there are fluctuations in body temperature that are influenced by the menstrual cycle, which itself aligns with circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: (Supported by NIH R01-AG/DK20583, P30-AG21332, and M01-RR07122) 3015 Board #5 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 -based In-person. Rogers, Kelliann K. . Burke, John M. . University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. (No relationships reported) A technology-based system incorporating a physical activity monitor and a web interface to monitor dietary intake and body weight combined with monthly telephone contact has been shown to be an effective intervention for weight loss. Whether this type of intervention is effective for individuals with Class II (BMI = 35. 0 to <40. 0 kg/m2) or III (BMI >40 kg/m2) obesity has not been examined. Moreover, continuous enhancements in technology require ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of these interventions. Purpose: To examine weight loss in response to an in-person behavioral weight loss (BWLI), technology-based (TECH), and an enhanced technology (EN-TECH) interventions in adults with Class II or III obesity. : Subjects were 18 adults (age: 41. 7±8. 0, BMI: 39. 3±2. 5 kg/m2) randomized to BWLI (n=7), TECH (n=6), or EN-TECH (n=5). The prescription for all subjects included decreases in energy intake to 1500-2100 kcal/d, and increases in physical activity to 200 min/wk. BWLI attended weekly in-person group intervention sessions. TECH was provided with a wearable activity monitor that interfaced with a web-based program to monitor dietary intake (BodyMedia FIT), while also receiving one 10-minute intervention telephone call per month. EN-TECH received the same component as TECH, with the technology enhanced with Bluetooth capability to allow for real-time monitoring of energy balance (intake and expenditure)(). : Body weight was significantly reduced from 115. 6±8. 6 to 111. 8±8. 8 kg in BWLI (-3. 8±3. 6 kg, p=. 030), 107. 2±6. 2 to 100. 3±6. 2 in TECH (-6. 9±3. 1 kg, p=. 003), and 102. 7±14. 4 to 96. 1±16. 0 in EN-TECH (-6. 5±4. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by indicating that while technology-based interventions, including monitoring dietary intake and physical activity, have resulted in weight loss, this does not guarantee weight loss for every individual. The research details specific interventions and their outcomes for a limited group of adults with obesity, emphasizing that the effectiveness of such interventions needs ongoing evaluation and has not been confirmed across all conditions or demographics. Therefore, it undermines the notion of a universal guarantee provided by personalized nutrition.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Some mushrooms can bioaccumulate heavy metals from the soil. [SEP] Text: (1997) Infrared and of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, & (1996) Contribution of sulfonate groups and alginate to heavy metal biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargassumfluitans. Environ SciTechnol 30: 277-282. (2005) Use of algae for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater: progress and prospects. Biotechnol 25: 113-152. (2003) Sorption and Biosorption, BV-Sorbex, Inc. , St. Lambert, Quebec. (2003) A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae. 37: 4311-4330. (2004) Biosorption of cadmium by brown, green, and red seaweeds, Chem. Eng. J 97: 249-255. Liu Y, (2007) Equilibrium, thermodynamics and mechanisms of Ni+2 biosorption by aerobic granules. Biochem35: 174-182. (2005) Preparation and adsorption properties of monodisperse chitosan-bound Fe3O4 magnetic nanop451. (2008) Preparation and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized on magnetic nanop412. (2008) Suspension of Fe(3)O(4) nanop368. (2008) Preparation and properties of magnetic Fe3O4-chitosan nanop456. (2005) Complexation of uranium by cells and S-layer sheets of Bacillus sphaericus JG-A12. Microbiol 71: 5532-5543. (1989) Bacterial sorption of heavy metals. Microbiol 55: 3143-3149. - (2000) Complex formation of U (VI) with Bacillus isolates from a uranium mining waste pile. RadiochemActa 88: 71-76. Sinha S, Mukherjee SK (2009) Pseudomonas aeruginosa KUCD1, a possible candidate for cadmium bioremediation. Microbiol 40: 655-662. El-(2000) Cadmium biosorption by a cadmium resistant strain of Bacillus thuringensis. Regulation and optimization of cell surface affinity for metal cations. BioMetals 13: 273-280. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim about mushrooms bioaccumulating heavy metals because it discusses various studies and articles on heavy metal biosorption by algae and bacteria, without any mention of mushrooms or their capabilities to accumulate heavy metals.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: The effects of hormones on the circadian pattern and rhythm for body temperatures were readily apparent and easily quantifiable in ambulatory women who were not subjected to controlled lighting, sleep/wake patterns, or activity. Coyne et al noted that their observations supported documenting the preovulatory rise in estrogens via a decline in CBT, which would in turn provide an opportunity to investigate phenomena that might be occurring during this critical time in the cycle [2]. Detection of was shown to cause a change in the pattern of body temperature rhythms in 1948 [58], and has since then been remarkably unvisited. Smarr used CCBT frequency analysis for pregnancy detection in mice within 14 hours of pairing, providing the earliest, non-disruptive detection of successful impregnation [59]. This approach was also able to detect apparent pregnancies that did not come to term, which would otherwise not be identified by standard handling or observation, providing a potential source of dams for the study of implantation failure, pseudopregnancy, and miscarriage. Such pregnancies could be separated from those that came to term by frequency analysis of CCBT in the first 12 hours after the day pairing with high accuracy. These findings support the conclusion that the continuous high temporal resolution of CCBT can provide a uniquely rapid, accurate, and non-disruptive means of detecting pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes in experimental animals [59]. Prediction of biphasic basal body temperature (BBT) rhythm during the menstrual cycle reaches its lowest point in a given cycle around the woman’s fertile window, just prior to ovulation, which is correlated with a pre-ovulatory peak in estrogens level illustrated in Figure 1 [60]. Changes in the level of estrogens, as well as progesterone, influence body temperature via a direct action on thermosensitive neurons of the preoptic anterior hypothalamus [61, 62]. Estrogens lead to inhibition of mechanisms that act to retain heat and stimulation of those that promote heat loss. Thus, elevations in estrogens result in a reduction in body temperature [63, 64]. Progesterone has opposing effect and the rise in this hormone post-ovulation increases body temperature [64, 65]. The thermogenic effect of progesterone to raise core temperature has been utilized to document ovulation and luteal phase length [66, 67]. Silent anovulation is a significant underreported problem. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by discussing how hormonal fluctuations, particularly the preovulatory rise in estrogens and the rise in progesterone post-ovulation, influence body temperature. It explains that these hormonal changes affect thermosensitive neurons, which can lead to corresponding changes in body temperature that align with the body's circadian rhythms—thus supporting the idea of temperature fluctuations throughout the day.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: 7 kg, p=. 036) from 0 to 3 months. However, weight loss was not significantly different between the intervention groups. : These findings suggest that significant short-term weight loss can be achieved in individuals with Class II or III obesity with less in-person contact using a technology-based system combined with monthly telephone contact. These findings may have significant clinical implications for effective delivery of weight loss interventions for severely obese adults. Whether these findings extend beyond the initial 3 months of intervention and the long-term acceptability of a technology-based intervention warrants further investigation. 3016 Board #6 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM Loss in Women with Anthropometric Equations: Effects of A. 1, Sandra Morales2, André Cyr3, Hamida2, Alain S. Comtois2, Jean P. 2. 1. 2. 3. Supported by J. A. Hodgdon:- Investigator;. Anthropometric equations can be relatively insensitive to short-term changes in body fat (Friedl et al, 2001). As part of a study of electrical stimulation with exercise to promote “spot reduction”, we examined an aspect of this lack of sensitivity. Purpose: To determine whether spot reduction at a site not measured affects the relationship between predicted % fat and that measured by DXA. : Data were collected from 30 female volunteers: age, 35 (5. 6) y; stature, 1. 63 (0. 07) m; weight, 79. 2 (14. 4) kg; and % fat from DXA, 41. 9 (7. 6). They were assigned to 2 groups: 10 weeks of exercise + stimulation of the right and left lateral thigh fat pads (S, N=14), and exercise only (E, N=16). We tested 2 anthropometric equations: Jackson, Pollock, & Ward (1980) using sum of 3 skfs and gluteal girth (JPW3), and the US Navy equation (NAV) using abdomen, gluteal and neck girths and stature (Hodgdon & Friedl, 1999). and JPW3 were determined prior to (T1) and following (T2) the 10-weeks. We calculated regressions of DXA on JPW3 and NAV at T1 and T2 for S and E. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing a study that highlights the variability of weight loss outcomes among individuals. It indicates that while short-term weight loss can be achieved using technology-based systems in severely obese adults, the results were not significantly different across intervention groups, suggesting that personalized approaches do not guarantee weight loss outcomes. Additionally, it implies a need for further investigation into the long-term effectiveness of such interventions, contrasting with the idea of guaranteed results solely based on personalized nutrition.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Fungal spores are among the most abundant airborne particles. [SEP] Text: Javascript is disabled in your browser. Please enable Javascript to view PeerJ. Related research -fungal networks are more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks View 10. 7717/peerj. 9986 Published 2020-09-18 Accepted 2020-08-27 Received 2020-04-30 glareosa, Desert steppe, Grazing exclusion, Microbial communities, Co-occurrence networks Copyright © 2020 Chen et al. is an open access 2020. Soil fungal networks are more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks. PeerJ 8:e9986 microbial communities play a crucial role in ecological restoration, but it is unknown how co-occurrence networks within these communities respond to grazing exclusion. This lack of information was addressed by investigating the effects of eight years of grazing exclusion on microbial networks in an area of Stipa glareosa P. Smirn desert steppe in northern China. Here, we show that fungal networks were more sensitive to grazing exclusion than bacterial networks. Eight years of grazing exclusion decreased the soil fungal community stability via changes in plant composition and reductions in soil total organic carbon, in this case triggering negative effects on the S. glareosa desert steppe. The results provide new insights into the response mechanisms of soil microbes to grazing exclusion and offer possible solutions for management issues in the restoration of degraded desert steppe. has a long history and remains the common land use type in grasslands (Bai et al. , 2004). However, overgrazing has led to serious deterioration of grassland ecosystems in China during the past three decades (Hoffmann et al. , 2008; Li et al. , 2008). In response to regional environmental problems, the Chinese government launched some grassland restoration programs, such as the “lands to Grasslands” in 2003 and the “Protection Program” in 2011, to mitigate grassland degradation by prohibiting grazing and increasing grassland vegetation biomass (Hao et al. , 2014; Bryan et al. , 2018). In these projects, various degraded grasslands were fenced for different numbers of years and grazing was permanently prohibited. Therefore, grazing exclusion has been widely used in for curbing grassland degradation and restoring damaged ecosystems (Bai et al. , 2004; Hao et al. , 2014). However, the effects of grazing exclusion are controversial depends on its vegetation types, environmental conditions, and duration (Jing et al. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text is irrelevant to the claim as it discusses the sensitivity of soil fungal networks to grazing exclusion and mentions various aspects of grassland management and restoration efforts. It does not provide any information regarding the abundance of fungal spores in the air or their comparison to other airborne particles.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: 2015; 39: 139–48. DOI:. Simulated body temperature rhythms reveal the phase-shifting behavior and plasticity of mammalian circadian oscillators. Genes Dev. 2012; 26: 567–80. DOI:. Synchronization of the mammalian circadian timing system: Light can control peripheral clocks independently of the SCN clock: alternate routes of entrainment optimize the alignment of the body’s circadian clock network with external time. Bioessays. 2015; 37: 1119–28. DOI:. A statistical model of the human core-temperature circadian rhythm. Metab. 2000; 279: E669–683. DOI: Khalsa SBS null,. The timing of the human circadian clock is accurately represented by the core body temperature rhythm following phase shifts to a three-cycle light stimulus near the critical zone. J Biol Rhythms. 2000; 15: 524–30. DOI:. Sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. . 2007; 72: 579–97. DOI: Epidemiology of the human circadian clock. Rev. 2007; 11: 429–38. DOI: of Chronotype in Humans:. Sleep. 2017; 40. DOI: van Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms. Nat Commun. 2019; 10: 343. DOI: Health risks associated with genetic alterations in internal clock system by external factors. Biol Sci. 2018; 14: 791–8. DOI:. Misaligned core body temperature rhythms impact cognitive performance of hospital shift work nurses. Mem. 2019; 160: 151–9. DOI:. The neurobiology of preovulatory and estradiol-induced gonadotropin-releasing hormone surges. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31: 544–77. DOI:. Control of Function. (Lausanne). 2014; 4. DOI: Olcese J. Circadian aspects of mammalian parturition: a review. Endocrinol. 2011; 349: 62–7. DOI:. Onset of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge: diurnal timing and critical follicular prerequisites. Fertil Steril. 1998; 70: 56–9. DOI: Mahoney MM. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses various studies related to circadian rhythms and their impact on body temperature. It mentions how the rhythm of core body temperature is representative of the human circadian clock, particularly noting that temperature oscillations occur in synchronization with external light stimuli and critical phases. This directly supports the claim that human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: Regressions were compared for each equation between groups at each time using Rogosa’s (1980, 1981) method. : Subjects lost fat mass. % fat change did not differ between groups (Δ=1. 84% fat, grp x time effect size = 0. 05). Change in thigh fat pad thickness was greater for S than E (S Δ= -4. 4 mm; E, -2. 2 mm, effect size = 0. 42). Equation results shown in the table. The slopes are found not equal between groups at T2. The slope is greater for S. there is now a greater change in DXATable 1: Findings suggest that spot reduction at sites not included in regression equations can perturb the ability to track changes in body fat content. Supported by. 3017 Board #7 June 1, 9:00 AM - 11:00 in Response to Resistance Training: Findings from the M. Halliday, Adrienne G. Clark, Elaina L. Marinik, Mary E. Baugh, Kyle D. . Winett, Brenda M. . Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. (No relationships reported) Initiation of an exercise program is often accompanied by a personal resolution to alter dietary intake. Yet experimental evidence of spontaneous dietary behavior change in response to exercise programs, particularly resistance training (RT), is lacking. Purpose: To evaluate spontaneous dietary intake modification in response to a 3 month supervised RT program among prediabetic adults. : Previously sedentary, overweight/obese adults with prediabetes (n= 100, BMI=32. 9±0. 4 kg/m2, age = 59±1 yrs, 74% female) were enrolled in a supervised 3 month RT program. Participants completed a whole body routine, with 12 exercises on weight machines, 1 set/exercise with an ACSM-certified trainer twice per week. Participants were not given dietary advice or encouraged to change eating behaviors. Three non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls were collected (analyzed using NDSR software) and body mass (BM) and composition (DXA) were measured at baseline and at 3 months (post). Changes were assessed using paired sample t-tests. : Participants completed 91±1% of scheduled RT sessions. No change in BM occurred (93. 1±1. 3 kg vs. 92. 8±1. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by providing evidence that participants in the study did not receive dietary advice or encouragement to change their eating behaviors while being involved in a resistance training (RT) program, and also indicated that no significant change in body mass (BM) was observed at the end of the study. This suggests that without dietary modifications, weight loss cannot be guaranteed, thus disputing the claim that personalized nutrition alone is sufficient for weight loss.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Fungal spores are among the most abundant airborne particles. [SEP] Text: , 2014; Yan & Lu, 2015; Yao et al. , 2019). Grazing exclusion can not only change ecosystem processes to promote the survival of local plants, but can also affect the activity and structure of soil microbial communities by increasing nutrient availability (Bastida et al. , 2013; Zhang et al. , 2018). The soil microbial community is a key driver of grassland ecosystems and of crucial importance for soil functioning (Bardgett, Wardle & Yeates, 1998). A major challenge is to understand how these complex communities respond to grazing exclusion. Many studies have demonstrated that grazing exclusion can have considerable effects on soil microbial communities, often with consequences for plant community dynamics (Cheng et al. , 2016; Bi et al. , 2018). It has also been shown that bacteria recover faster than fungi and with the rates being differentially governed by plant diversity (Zhang et al. , 2018). Although these past studies provide important insights into grazing exclusion and microbial communities, up to now few data have been available concerning the impacts of grazing exclusion on soil microbial interactions. Soil microbes can form a complex inter-species network that regulates the structure of ecological communities (Zhou et al. , 2011; Lupatini et al. , 2014). Evidence is mounting that the properties of these interaction networks can influence the response of soil microbial communities to environmental change (et al. , 2018; Marcos, Bertiller & Olivera, 2019). In recent years, microbial network analysis has been used as a tool to explore the interactions in a range of environments, providing important details on microbial cooperation and competition (Faust & Raes, 2012; Yu et al. , 2018). Additionally, microbial networks have been highlighted as crucial to understanding the dynamics of microbial community assembly and the responses of member interactions to a changed environment (Zhou et al. , 2011). A previous study performed in arid region of Patagonia observed an increase in positive network connections, indicating that there are more cooperative relationships within the microbial community to survive under the stressful conditions imposed by grazing (Marcos, Bertiller & Olivera, 2019). In addition, a study performed in drylands of northern china showed that microbial interaction in extremely dry ecosystems is more sensitive to changes in water availability (Wang et al. , 2018). Although the use of network analysis has increased in drylands, little has been revealed on how soil microbial interactions respond to grazing exclusion, especially in desert grassland ecosystems. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses soil microbial communities and the effects of grazing exclusion on them, but it does not provide any information regarding fungal spores or their abundance as airborne particles. Therefore, it is irrelevant to the claim.


Input: Task: corroborate the claim using the given text. Claim: The human body temperature fluctuates throughout the day in sync with circadian rhythms. [SEP] Text: Journal of Circadian RhythmsStart SubmissionBecome a ReviewerReading: Spontaneous internal desynchronization of locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms from plasma melatonin rhythm in rats exposed to constant dim lightDownloadXML (US English)PDF (US English)Alt. DisplayShareShareResearch 10. 1186/1740-3391-4-6Submitted on Apr 1, 2006Accepted on Apr 4, 2006Published on Apr 4, 20064. 0 rhythms in physiology and behavior have been described in a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. These rhythms are driven by circadian pacemakers that are capable of generating oscillations with a periodicity close to 24 hours. Several studies have shown that in many organisms the rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature are under circadian control, and, although the level of activity may influence the body temperature, the circadian rhythm of body temperature is not a mere consequence of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity (Review in [1]). In mammals, the principal circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), bilateral clusters of neurons in the anterior hypothalamus. This circadian pacemaker regulates the different rhythms present in the body in order that the different circadian rhythms remain synchronized and maintain a stable phase relationships among themselves [2]. However, it must be noted that desynchronization among circadian rhythms may occur under specific experimental conditions. For example, spontaneous internal desynchronization between the body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity rhythms has been observed in reptiles [3] and in the squirrel monkey [4]. In the owl monkey, internal desynchronization between circadian activity and the feeding patterns has also been reported [5]. A recent investigation has shown that exposure to dim illumination may uncouple several circadian rhythms (e. g. , sleep, body temperature, locomotor activity and drinking) in the rat [6]. Internal desynchronization has been also reported in humans [7,8], and it is believed to be the cause of several pathologies [9,10]. Previous studies have shown that melatonin is an important component of the mammalian circadian timing system. Exogenous administration of melatonin can entrain the circadian locomotor activity [11 - 13], and Tb is affected by melatonin levels [12,14]. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text corroborates the claim by explaining that body temperature rhythms in mammals are under circadian control and that these rhythms are synchronized by the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. It mentions that various studies have demonstrated that locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms are influenced by circadian rhythms, affirming the claim that body temperature fluctuates in sync with these rhythms.


Input: Task: contrast the claim using the given text. Claim: Personalized nutrition can guarantee weight loss regardless of diet or exercise. [SEP] Text: Close navigation menu of Nutrition and Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Edited by A. P. Simopoulos; A. P. for other works by this author on: PubMed 10. 1159/isbn. 978-3-8055-9428-8 Status: Available ISBN electronic: 978-3-8055-9428-8 ISBN print: 978-3-8055-9427-1 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and date: 2010 Awareness of the influence of our genetic variation to dietary response (nutrigenetics) and how nutrients may affect gene expression (nutrigenomics) is prompting a revolution in the field of nutrition. Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics provide powerful approaches to unravel the complex relationships among nutritional molecules, genetic variants and the biological system. This publication contains selected papers from the ‘3rd Congress of the of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics’ held in Bethesda, Md. , in October 2009. The contributions address frontiers in nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, transcriptomics as well as non-coding RNAs and posttranslational gene regulations in various diseases and conditions. In addition to scientific studies, the challenges and opportunities facing governments, academia and the industry are included. Everyone interested in the future of personalized medicine and nutrition or agriculture, as well as researchers in academia, government and industry will find this publication of the utmost interest for their work. ‹ › 10. 1159/000314515 Published: 2010 Subject Area: Genetics Nutrition and Dietetics Series: of Nutrition and Tools Split-2010. "Changes in Expression during Diet-Loss", Personalized Nutrition: Translating Nutrigenetic/into Dietary Guidelines, A. P. Simopoulos, J. A. citation file: Ris (Zotero) toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search 2010License DisclaimerThis 4. 0 (CC BY-NC-ND). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text contrasts the claim by discussing the complexities of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, indicating that while personalized nutrition can influence dietary response and gene expression, it does not guarantee weight loss without considering other factors such as diet and exercise. The mention of 'complex relationships among nutritional molecules, genetic variants and the biological system' suggests that weight loss is not solely dependent on personalized nutrition.


Input: Task: pass the claim using the given text. Claim: Fungal spores are among the most abundant airborne particles. [SEP] Text: The desert steppe of cover about 20% of China’s desertification land area, which is characterized by harsh physical environments, infertile soil, and simple plant community composition (Wang et al. , 2020). These natural ecosystems support the life of about 95% of the human population (Li et al. , 2008). However, drought and dust storms have become the largest meteorological disasters in this area causing sparse vegetation and land desertification, which are exacerbated by overgrazing (Wang et al. , 2020). In this study, we designed to assess the effects of eight-years of grazing exclusion on soil bacterial and fungal networks. We also aimed to test the changes in plant and soil properties and investigated how these changes affected the response of bacterial and fungal networks to grazing exclusion. Materials and site The study site was located in Erlianhot (43°38′34. 44″−43°38′54. 29″N, 112°07′58″E, 952–955 m elevation) of Inner Mongolia, northern China. The area has an arid and semiarid climate and is highly prone to drought, receives little precipitation, and frequently has strong winds. The annual mean temperature is 3. 4 °C, annual mean precipitation is 142. 2 mm, and approximately 70% of the annual rainfall occurs from July to August. The main soil types in this area are Aeolian sandy soils, with low fertility and loose structure. The representative vegetation includes S. glareosa, Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev. ) Ohwi, and Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour. ) Merr communities, but the vegetation has been greatly altered by long-term overgrazing. Experimental design and sampling The experiment was conducted in late August 2017, when grassland biomass was at its peak. We selected one site with two treatments: grazing excluded (GE) and grazed (G). Inside the grazing excluded area (comprising an area of 200 m × 200 m paddock), livestock has been excluded from this region since 2009 and the remaining site in the area was subjected to free grazing by sheep continuously all the year. Within the grazed and grazing exclude area, we established three 50 × 50 m (50 m apart) plots, respectively (Fig. S1). [SEP] Justify:

Output: The text discusses the characteristics of the desert steppe in China, the effects of grazing on soil bacterial and fungal networks, and an experimental design related to these topics. However, it does not mention airborne particles or address the claim regarding the abundance of fungal spores as airborne particles. Therefore, it is considered irrelevant to the claim.