Title: Consistency and Monotonicity Regularization for Neural Knowledge Tracing. Abstract: Knowledge Tracing (KT), tracking a human's knowledge acquisition, is a central component in online learning and AI in Education. In this paper, we present a simple, yet effective strategy to improve the generalization ability of KT models: we propose three types of novel data augmentation, coined replacement, insertion, and deletion, along with corresponding regularization losses that impose certain consistency or monotonicity bias on model's predictions for the original and augmented sequence. Extensive experiments on various KT benchmarks show that our regularization scheme significantly improve the prediction performances, under 3 widely-used neural networks and 4 public benchmarks for KT, e.g., it yields 6.3% improvement in AUC under the DKT model and the ASSISTmentsChall dataset. 