Title: Variational inference for diffusion modulated Cox processes. Abstract: This paper proposes a stochastic variational inference (SVI) method for computing an approximate posterior path measure of a Cox process. These processes are widely used in natural and physical sciences, engineering and operations research, and represent a non-trivial model of a wide array of phenomena. In our work, we model the stochastic intensity as the solution of a diffusion stochastic differential equation (SDE), and our objective is to infer the posterior, or smoothing, measure over the paths given Poisson process realizations. We first derive a system of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) for the pathwise smoothing posterior density function, a non-trivial result, since the standard solution of SPDEs typically involves an It\^o stochastic integral, which is not defined pathwise. Next, we propose an SVI approach to approximating the solution of the system. We parametrize the class of approximate smoothing posteriors using a neural network, derive a lower bound on the evidence of the observed point process sample-path, and optimize the lower bound using stochastic gradient descent (SGD). We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on both synthetic and real-world problems, and demonstrate the advantage of the neural network solution over standard numerical solvers.