Title: CAT-SAC: Soft Actor-Critic with Curiosity-Aware Entropy Temperature. Abstract: The trade-off between exploration and exploitation has long been a crucial issue in reinforcement learning~(RL). Most of the existing RL methods handle this problem by adding action noise to the policies, such as the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) that introduces an entropy temperature for maximizing both the external value and the entropy of the policy. However, this temperature is applied indiscriminately to all different environment states, undermining the potential of exploration. In this paper, we argue that the agent should explore more in an unfamiliar state, while less in a familiar state, so as to understand the environment more efficiently. To this purpose, we propose \textbf{C}uriosity-\textbf{A}ware entropy \textbf{T}emperature for SAC (CAT-SAC), which utilizes the curiosity mechanism in developing an instance-level entropy temperature. CAT-SAC uses the state prediction error to model curiosity because an unfamiliar state generally has a large prediction error. The curiosity is added to the target entropy to increase the entropy temperature for unfamiliar states and decrease the target entropy for familiar states. By tuning the entropy specifically and adaptively, CAT-SAC is encouraged to explore when its curiosity is large, otherwise, it is encouraged to exploit. Experimental results on the difficult MuJoCo benchmark testify that the proposed CAT-SAC significantly improves the sample efficiency, outperforming the advanced model-based / model-free RL baselines.