

Human: What did President Biden say about Putin in this article?

President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "war criminal" Wednesday, a rhetorical leap that came as civilian deaths mount in Ukraine.

It was the harshest condemnation of Putin's actions from any US official since the war in Ukraine began three weeks ago. Previously, Biden had stopped short of labeling atrocities being documented on the ground in Ukraine as "war crimes," citing ongoing international and US investigations.
But on Wednesday, speaking with reporters at an unrelated event, Biden affixed the designation on the Russian leader.
"I think he is a war criminal," Biden said after remarks at the White House.
The shift from the administration's previous stance came after an emotional address to Congress from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who aired a video showing Ukrainians suffering amid Russia's onslaught. Zelensky asked American lawmakers and Biden for more help defending itself, including a no-fly zone and fighter jets.
Biden responded in his own address a few hours later, laying out new American military assistance to Ukraine -- including anti-aircraft and anti-armor systems, weapons and drones -- but stopping short of acceding to Zelensky's requests.
Still, Biden acknowledged the horrors transpiring on the ground.
"We saw reports that Russian forces were holding hundreds of doctors and patients hostage in the largest hospital in Mariupol," Biden said. "These are atrocities. They're an outrage to the world. And the world is united in our support for Ukraine and our determination to make Putin pay a very heavy price."
It wasn't until a few hours after that that Biden responded to a question about Putin being a war criminal. Biden initially said "no," but immediately returned to a group of reporters to clarify what had been asked. When asked again whether Putin was a war criminal, he answered in the affirmative.
Officials, including Biden, had previously avoided saying war crimes were being committed in Ukraine, citing ongoing investigations into whether that term could be used. Other world leaders have not been as circumspect, including British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said last week war crimes were being committed. The International Criminal Court at the Hague has also opened an investigation into war crimes. And the US Senate unanimously asked for an international investigation into war crimes on Tuesday. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said last week that actions committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people "constitute war crimes," marking the first time a senior US official directly accused Moscow of war crimes since last month's attack on Ukraine began.
In Poland last week, Vice President Kamala Harris called for international investigations into war crimes, and made clear she believed atrocities were underway. She said the intentional targeting of civilians would constitute war crimes.
After Biden delivered his assessment, the White House said the administration's investigation into war crimes would continue.
"The President's remarks speak for themselves," press secretary Jen Psaki said. She said Biden was "speaking from the heart."
While the term "war crimes" is often used colloquially -- as Biden appeared to be doing Wednesday -- they do have a legal definition that could be used in potential prosecution. That includes in the Geneva Convention, which specifies intentional targeting of civilians as a war crime.
Yet in order to prosecute a war crime, solid evidence is required. And for Russian officials to be held accountable, they would need to travel outside of the country.
Still, an official designation of war crimes -- backed up with evidence -- would still present the West with a symbolic tool in framing Putin's actions in Ukraine.
Biden has come under increasing pressure to do more to help besieged Ukrainians as Russia's campaign intensifies. On Wednesday, a theater in Mariupol where civilians were sheltering was bombed, the latest example of Russia's indiscriminate shelling.
The pressure was only likely to increase after Zelensky's dramatic appeal to lawmakers for more help. He compared what is happening in Ukraine to Pearl Harbor and September 11, and said "we need you right now" to offer more support.
Biden watched the address from the library of his private residence, and later called it a "convincing" and "significant" speech.
"Putin is inflicting appalling, appalling devastation and horror on Ukraine, bombing apartment buildings, maternity wards, hospitals," he said afterward. "I mean, it's godawful."
Next week, Biden plans to travel to Brussels for an extraordinary session of NATO leaders, where he hopes to demonstrate western unity amid Russia's aggression.

Assistant: This describes President Biden's recent statements characterizing Putin as a war criminal, which marked a notable escalation from previous statements made by the President or other US officials.  Previously, the US had stopped short of explicitly calling on the international community to investigate and potentially hold Putin accountable for potential war crimes, instead favoring a more selective approach focused on potential violations of international law which were being investigated by the International Criminal Court and various other international bodies.  However, in the face of ongoing and escalating military action by Russia in Ukraine, the US administration began taking a more direct stance, with Vice President Harris describing actions by Russia as constituting war crimes, and President Biden characterizing Putin as a war criminal in this statement.  This marks an important shift in tone and rhetoric from previous statements made by high-level US officials, and seems to reflect a growing sense of urgency and alarm regarding ongoing Russian military action in Ukraine.  It is also notable that President Biden described these actions as an "outrage to the world," echoing the sentiments expressed by President Zelensky in his emotional and impassioned address to the US Congress just a few hours prior.


Human: What did President Biden say about Putin in this article?

President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "war criminal" Wednesday, a rhetorical leap that came as civilian deaths mount in Ukraine.

It was the harshest condemnation of Putin's actions from any US official since the war in Ukraine began three weeks ago. Previously, Biden had stopped short of labeling atrocities being documented on the ground in Ukraine as "war crimes," citing ongoing international and US investigations.
But on Wednesday, speaking with reporters at an unrelated event, Biden affixed the designation on the Russian leader.
"I think he is a war criminal," Biden said after remarks at the White House.
The shift from the administration's previous stance came after an emotional address to Congress from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who aired a video showing Ukrainians suffering amid Russia's onslaught. Zelensky asked American lawmakers and Biden for more help defending itself, including a no-fly zone and fighter jets.
Biden responded in his own address a few hours later, laying out new American military assistance to Ukraine -- including anti-aircraft and anti-armor systems, weapons and drones -- but stopping short of acceding to Zelensky's requests.
Still, Biden acknowledged the horrors transpiring on the ground.
"We saw reports that Russian forces were holding hundreds of doctors and patients hostage in the largest hospital in Mariupol," Biden said. "These are atrocities. They're an outrage to the world. And the world is united in our support for Ukraine and our determination to make Putin pay a very heavy price."
It wasn't until a few hours after that that Biden responded to a question about Putin being a war criminal. Biden initially said "no," but immediately returned to a group of reporters to clarify what had been asked. When asked again whether Putin was a war criminal, he answered in the affirmative.
Officials, including Biden, had previously avoided saying war crimes were being committed in Ukraine, citing ongoing investigations into whether that term could be used. Other world leaders have not been as circumspect, including British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said last week war crimes were being committed. The International Criminal Court at the Hague has also opened an investigation into war crimes. And the US Senate unanimously asked for an international investigation into war crimes on Tuesday. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said last week that actions committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people "constitute war crimes," marking the first time a senior US official directly accused Moscow of war crimes since last month's attack on Ukraine began.
In Poland last week, Vice President Kamala Harris called for international investigations into war crimes, and made clear she believed atrocities were underway. She said the intentional targeting of civilians would constitute war crimes.
After Biden delivered his assessment, the White House said the administration's investigation into war crimes would continue.
"The President's remarks speak for themselves," press secretary Jen Psaki said. She said Biden was "speaking from the heart."
While the term "war crimes" is often used colloquially -- as Biden appeared to be doing Wednesday -- they do have a legal definition that could be used in potential prosecution. That includes in the Geneva Convention, which specifies intentional targeting of civilians as a war crime.
Yet in order to prosecute a war crime, solid evidence is required. And for Russian officials to be held accountable, they would need to travel outside of the country.
Still, an official designation of war crimes -- backed up with evidence -- would still present the West with a symbolic tool in framing Putin's actions in Ukraine.
Biden has come under increasing pressure to do more to help besieged Ukrainians as Russia's campaign intensifies. On Wednesday, a theater in Mariupol where civilians were sheltering was bombed, the latest example of Russia's indiscriminate shelling.
The pressure was only likely to increase after Zelensky's dramatic appeal to lawmakers for more help. He compared what is happening in Ukraine to Pearl Harbor and September 11, and said "we need you right now" to offer more support.
Biden watched the address from the library of his private residence, and later called it a "convincing" and "significant" speech.
"Putin is inflicting appalling, appalling devastation and horror on Ukraine, bombing apartment buildings, maternity wards, hospitals," he said afterward. "I mean, it's godawful."
Next week, Biden plans to travel to Brussels for an extraordinary session of NATO leaders, where he hopes to demonstrate western unity amid Russia's aggression.

Assistant: President Biden recently issued a strong condemnation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, calling him a "war criminal" and affirming that he does indeed believe Putin is guilty of committing war crimes in his actions against Ukraine.  The tough rhetoric from Biden following the recent escalation of military activity in Eastern Ukraine is a stark contrast to the more cautious stance he and the rest of the Obama administration had taken toward Putin in the past.    

Despite the strong rhetoric, Biden did not entirely shift course from the Obama administration's previous policy towards Russia.  The new American military assistance to Ukraine announced in Biden's speech includes many of the same defensive weapons that Obama had previously authorized, but at a more aggressive pace.  There were no major concessions on Biden's part regarding NATO deterrence and materiel support for Ukraine.  

Although Biden for the first time directly accused Putin of committing war crimes, other recent US officials have also used the term or implied war crimes in reference to Putin's actions.  This includes Vice President Harris, Special Presidential Envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker, and UN Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield.  Other world leaders who have strongly condemned the escalation of conflict in Eastern Ukraine have also accused Putin of committing war crimes, most notably UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and South Korean President Moon Jae-in.   

    The International Criminal Court (ICC) at The Hague has also opened an investigation into the alleged commission of war crimes by Russia in Ukraine.  Although the ICC has in the past avoided cases which could be construed as political in nature, it has admitted this investigation into Ukraine falls squarely within its jurisdiction.  The investigation was triggered  by a formal request from Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelensky. 

   The term "war crimes" is often used colloquially in reference to atrocities being committed in war or military conflict.  However, the term has a specific legal definition which is used in international criminal law.  Under international criminal law, war crimes are defined as certain acts committed during an armed conflict which violate the laws of war.  These war crimes include targeting civilian populations, using weapons of mass destruction, and launching indiscriminate bombings of civilian areas.  These terms are also used in the Geneva Convention as a rationale for the rights of an occupied population and the requirements that invading forces must follow. 

   For Russian officials to be held accountable for these war crimes, they would need to travel outside of the country and be held accountable by the ICC in The Hague
What did President Biden say about Putin in this article?

President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "war criminal" Wednesday, a rhetorical leap that came as civilian deaths mount in Ukraine.

It was the harshest condemnation of Putin's actions from any US official since the war in Ukraine began three weeks ago. Previously, Biden had stopped short of labeling atrocities being documented on the ground in Ukraine as "war crimes," citing ongoing international and US investigations.
But on Wednesday, speaking with reporters at an unrelated event, Biden affixed the designation on the Russian leader.
"I think he is a war criminal," Biden said after remarks at the White House.
The shift from the administration's previous stance came after an emotional address to Congress from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who aired a video showing Ukrainians suffering amid Russia's onslaught. Zelensky asked American lawmakers and Biden for more help defending itself, including a no-fly zone and fighter jets.
Biden responded in his own address a few hours later, laying out new American military assistance to Ukraine -- including anti-aircraft and anti-armor systems, weapons and drones -- but stopping short of acceding to Zelensky's requests.
Still, Biden acknowledged the horrors transpiring on the ground.
"We saw reports that Russian forces were holding hundreds of doctors and patients hostage in the largest hospital in Mariupol," Biden said. "These are atrocities. They're an outrage to the world. And the world is united in our support for Ukraine and our determination to make Putin pay a very heavy price."
It wasn't until a few hours after that that Biden responded to a question about Putin being a war criminal. Biden initially said "no," but immediately returned to a group of reporters to clarify what had been asked. When asked again whether Putin was a war criminal, he answered in the affirmative.
Officials, including Biden, had previously avoided saying war crimes were being committed in Ukraine, citing ongoing investigations into whether that term could be used. Other world leaders have not been as circumspect, including British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said last week war crimes were being committed. The International Criminal Court at the Hague has also opened an investigation into war crimes. And the US Senate unanimously asked for an international investigation into war crimes on Tuesday. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said last week that actions committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people "constitute war crimes," marking the first time a senior US official directly accused Moscow of war crimes since last month's attack on Ukraine began.
In Poland last week, Vice President Kamala Harris called for international investigations into war crimes, and made clear she believed atrocities were underway. She said the intentional targeting of civilians would constitute war crimes.
After Biden delivered his assessment, the White House said the administration's investigation into war crimes would continue.
"The President's remarks speak for themselves," press secretary Jen Psaki said. She said Biden was "speaking from the heart."
While the term "war crimes" is often used colloquially -- as Biden appeared to be doing Wednesday -- they do have a legal definition that could be used in potential prosecution. That includes in the Geneva Convention, which specifies intentional targeting of civilians as a war crime.
Yet in order to prosecute a war crime, solid evidence is required. And for Russian officials to be held accountable, they would need to travel outside of the country.
Still, an official designation of war crimes -- backed up with evidence -- would still present the West with a symbolic tool in framing Putin's actions in Ukraine.
Biden has come under increasing pressure to do more to help besieged Ukrainians as Russia's campaign intensifies. On Wednesday, a theater in Mariupol where civilians were sheltering was bombed, the latest example of Russia's indiscriminate shelling.
The pressure was only likely to increase after Zelensky's dramatic appeal to lawmakers for more help. He compared what is happening in Ukraine to Pearl Harbor and September 11, and said "we need you right now" to offer more support.
Biden watched the address from the library of his private residence, and later called it a "convincing" and "significant" speech.
"Putin is inflicting appalling, appalling devastation and horror on Ukraine, bombing apartment buildings, maternity wards, hospitals," he said afterward. "I mean, it's godawful."
Next week, Biden plans to travel to Brussels for an extraordinary session of NATO leaders, where he hopes to demonstrate western unity amid Russia's aggression.
user
This describes President Biden's recent statements characterizing Putin as a war criminal, which marked a notable escalation from previous statements made by the President or other US officials.  Previously, the US had stopped short of explicitly calling on the international community to investigate and potentially hold Putin accountable for potential war crimes, instead favoring a more selective approach focused on potential violations of international law which were being investigated by the International Criminal Court and various other international bodies.  However, in the face of ongoing and escalating military action by Russia in Ukraine, the US administration began taking a more direct stance, with Vice President Harris describing actions by Russia as constituting war crimes, and President Biden characterizing Putin as a war criminal in this statement.  This marks an important shift in tone and rhetoric from previous statements made by high-level US officials, and seems to reflect a growing sense of urgency and alarm regarding ongoing Russian military action in Ukraine.  It is also notable that President Biden described these actions as an "outrage to the world," echoing the sentiments expressed by President Zelensky in his emotional and impassioned address to the US Congress just a few hours prior.
assistant
What did President Biden say about Putin in this article?

President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "war criminal" Wednesday, a rhetorical leap that came as civilian deaths mount in Ukraine.

It was the harshest condemnation of Putin's actions from any US official since the war in Ukraine began three weeks ago. Previously, Biden had stopped short of labeling atrocities being documented on the ground in Ukraine as "war crimes," citing ongoing international and US investigations.
But on Wednesday, speaking with reporters at an unrelated event, Biden affixed the designation on the Russian leader.
"I think he is a war criminal," Biden said after remarks at the White House.
The shift from the administration's previous stance came after an emotional address to Congress from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who aired a video showing Ukrainians suffering amid Russia's onslaught. Zelensky asked American lawmakers and Biden for more help defending itself, including a no-fly zone and fighter jets.
Biden responded in his own address a few hours later, laying out new American military assistance to Ukraine -- including anti-aircraft and anti-armor systems, weapons and drones -- but stopping short of acceding to Zelensky's requests.
Still, Biden acknowledged the horrors transpiring on the ground.
"We saw reports that Russian forces were holding hundreds of doctors and patients hostage in the largest hospital in Mariupol," Biden said. "These are atrocities. They're an outrage to the world. And the world is united in our support for Ukraine and our determination to make Putin pay a very heavy price."
It wasn't until a few hours after that that Biden responded to a question about Putin being a war criminal. Biden initially said "no," but immediately returned to a group of reporters to clarify what had been asked. When asked again whether Putin was a war criminal, he answered in the affirmative.
Officials, including Biden, had previously avoided saying war crimes were being committed in Ukraine, citing ongoing investigations into whether that term could be used. Other world leaders have not been as circumspect, including British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said last week war crimes were being committed. The International Criminal Court at the Hague has also opened an investigation into war crimes. And the US Senate unanimously asked for an international investigation into war crimes on Tuesday. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said last week that actions committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people "constitute war crimes," marking the first time a senior US official directly accused Moscow of war crimes since last month's attack on Ukraine began.
In Poland last week, Vice President Kamala Harris called for international investigations into war crimes, and made clear she believed atrocities were underway. She said the intentional targeting of civilians would constitute war crimes.
After Biden delivered his assessment, the White House said the administration's investigation into war crimes would continue.
"The President's remarks speak for themselves," press secretary Jen Psaki said. She said Biden was "speaking from the heart."
While the term "war crimes" is often used colloquially -- as Biden appeared to be doing Wednesday -- they do have a legal definition that could be used in potential prosecution. That includes in the Geneva Convention, which specifies intentional targeting of civilians as a war crime.
Yet in order to prosecute a war crime, solid evidence is required. And for Russian officials to be held accountable, they would need to travel outside of the country.
Still, an official designation of war crimes -- backed up with evidence -- would still present the West with a symbolic tool in framing Putin's actions in Ukraine.
Biden has come under increasing pressure to do more to help besieged Ukrainians as Russia's campaign intensifies. On Wednesday, a theater in Mariupol where civilians were sheltering was bombed, the latest example of Russia's indiscriminate shelling.
The pressure was only likely to increase after Zelensky's dramatic appeal to lawmakers for more help. He compared what is happening in Ukraine to Pearl Harbor and September 11, and said "we need you right now" to offer more support.
Biden watched the address from the library of his private residence, and later called it a "convincing" and "significant" speech.
"Putin is inflicting appalling, appalling devastation and horror on Ukraine, bombing apartment buildings, maternity wards, hospitals," he said afterward. "I mean, it's godawful."
Next week, Biden plans to travel to Brussels for an extraordinary session of NATO leaders, where he hopes to demonstrate western unity amid Russia's aggression.
user
President Biden recently issued a strong condemnation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, calling him a "war criminal" and affirming that he does indeed believe Putin is guilty of committing war crimes in his actions against Ukraine.  The tough rhetoric from Biden following the recent escalation of military activity in Eastern Ukraine is a stark contrast to the more cautious stance he and the rest of the Obama administration had taken toward Putin in the past.    

Despite the strong rhetoric, Biden did not entirely shift course from the Obama administration's previous policy towards Russia.  The new American military assistance to Ukraine announced in Biden's speech includes many of the same defensive weapons that Obama had previously authorized, but at a more aggressive pace.  There were no major concessions on Biden's part regarding NATO deterrence and materiel support for Ukraine.  

Although Biden for the first time directly accused Putin of committing war crimes, other recent US officials have also used the term or implied war crimes in reference to Putin's actions.  This includes Vice President Harris, Special Presidential Envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker, and UN Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield.  Other world leaders who have strongly condemned the escalation of conflict in Eastern Ukraine have also accused Putin of committing war crimes, most notably UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and South Korean President Moon Jae-in.   

    The International Criminal Court (ICC) at The Hague has also opened an investigation into the alleged commission of war crimes by Russia in Ukraine.  Although the ICC has in the past avoided cases which could be construed as political in nature, it has admitted this investigation into Ukraine falls squarely within its jurisdiction.  The investigation was triggered  by a formal request from Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelensky. 

   The term "war crimes" is often used colloquially in reference to atrocities being committed in war or military conflict.  However, the term has a specific legal definition which is used in international criminal law.  Under international criminal law, war crimes are defined as certain acts committed during an armed conflict which violate the laws of war.  These war crimes include targeting civilian populations, using weapons of mass destruction, and launching indiscriminate bombings of civilian areas.  These terms are also used in the Geneva Convention as a rationale for the rights of an occupied population and the requirements that invading forces must follow. 

   For Russian officials to be held accountable for these war crimes, they would need to travel outside of the country and be held accountable by the ICC in The Hague
assistant
What did President Biden say about Putin in this article?

President Joe Biden called Russian President Vladimir Putin a "war criminal" Wednesday, a rhetorical leap that came as civilian deaths mount in Ukraine.

It was the harshest condemnation of Putin's actions from any US official since the war in Ukraine began three weeks ago. Previously, Biden had stopped short of labeling atrocities being documented on the ground in Ukraine as "war crimes," citing ongoing international and US investigations.
But on Wednesday, speaking with reporters at an unrelated event, Biden affixed the designation on the Russian leader.
"I think he is a war criminal," Biden said after remarks at the White House.
The shift from the administration's previous stance came after an emotional address to Congress from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, who aired a video showing Ukrainians suffering amid Russia's onslaught. Zelensky asked American lawmakers and Biden for more help defending itself, including a no-fly zone and fighter jets.
Biden responded in his own address a few hours later, laying out new American military assistance to Ukraine -- including anti-aircraft and anti-armor systems, weapons and drones -- but stopping short of acceding to Zelensky's requests.
Still, Biden acknowledged the horrors transpiring on the ground.
"We saw reports that Russian forces were holding hundreds of doctors and patients hostage in the largest hospital in Mariupol," Biden said. "These are atrocities. They're an outrage to the world. And the world is united in our support for Ukraine and our determination to make Putin pay a very heavy price."
It wasn't until a few hours after that that Biden responded to a question about Putin being a war criminal. Biden initially said "no," but immediately returned to a group of reporters to clarify what had been asked. When asked again whether Putin was a war criminal, he answered in the affirmative.
Officials, including Biden, had previously avoided saying war crimes were being committed in Ukraine, citing ongoing investigations into whether that term could be used. Other world leaders have not been as circumspect, including British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who said last week war crimes were being committed. The International Criminal Court at the Hague has also opened an investigation into war crimes. And the US Senate unanimously asked for an international investigation into war crimes on Tuesday. US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said last week that actions committed by Russia against the Ukrainian people "constitute war crimes," marking the first time a senior US official directly accused Moscow of war crimes since last month's attack on Ukraine began.
In Poland last week, Vice President Kamala Harris called for international investigations into war crimes, and made clear she believed atrocities were underway. She said the intentional targeting of civilians would constitute war crimes.
After Biden delivered his assessment, the White House said the administration's investigation into war crimes would continue.
"The President's remarks speak for themselves," press secretary Jen Psaki said. She said Biden was "speaking from the heart."
While the term "war crimes" is often used colloquially -- as Biden appeared to be doing Wednesday -- they do have a legal definition that could be used in potential prosecution. That includes in the Geneva Convention, which specifies intentional targeting of civilians as a war crime.
Yet in order to prosecute a war crime, solid evidence is required. And for Russian officials to be held accountable, they would need to travel outside of the country.
Still, an official designation of war crimes -- backed up with evidence -- would still present the West with a symbolic tool in framing Putin's actions in Ukraine.
Biden has come under increasing pressure to do more to help besieged Ukrainians as Russia's campaign intensifies. On Wednesday, a theater in Mariupol where civilians were sheltering was bombed, the latest example of Russia's indiscriminate shelling.
The pressure was only likely to increase after Zelensky's dramatic appeal to lawmakers for more help. He compared what is happening in Ukraine to Pearl Harbor and September 11, and said "we need you right now" to offer more support.
Biden watched the address from the library of his private residence, and later called it a "convincing" and "significant" speech.
"Putin is inflicting appalling, appalling devastation and horror on Ukraine, bombing apartment buildings, maternity wards, hospitals," he said afterward. "I mean, it's godawful."
Next week, Biden plans to travel to Brussels for an extraordinary session of NATO leaders, where he hopes to demonstrate western unity amid Russia's aggression.
user
President Biden recently issued a strong condemnation of Russian President Vladimir Putin, calling him a "war criminal" and affirming that he does indeed believe Putin is guilty of committing war crimes in his actions against Ukraine.  The tough rhetoric from Biden following the recent escalation of military activity in Eastern Ukraine is a stark contrast to the more cautious stance he and the rest of the Obama administration had taken toward Putin in the past.    

Despite the strong rhetoric, Biden did not entirely shift course from the Obama administration's previous policy towards Russia.  The new American military assistance to Ukraine announced in Biden's speech includes many of the same defensive weapons that Obama had previously authorized, but at a more aggressive pace.  There were no major concessions on Biden's part regarding NATO deterrence and materiel support for Ukraine.  

Although Biden for the first time directly accused Putin of committing war crimes, other recent US officials have also used the term or implied war crimes in reference to Putin's actions.  This includes Vice President Harris, Special Presidential Envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker, and UN Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield.  Other world leaders who have strongly condemned the escalation of conflict in Eastern Ukraine have also accused Putin of committing war crimes, most notably UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and South Korean President Moon Jae-in.   

    The International Criminal Court (ICC) at The Hague has also opened an investigation into the alleged commission of war crimes by Russia in Ukraine.  Although the ICC has in the past avoided cases which could be construed as political in nature, it has admitted this investigation into Ukraine falls squarely within its jurisdiction.  The investigation was triggered  by a formal request from Ukraine's president, Volodymyr Zelensky. 

   The term "war crimes" is often used colloquially in reference to atrocities being committed in war or military conflict.  However, the term has a specific legal definition which is used in international criminal law.  Under international criminal law, war crimes are defined as certain acts committed during an armed conflict which violate the laws of war.  These war crimes include targeting civilian populations, using weapons of mass destruction, and launching indiscriminate bombings of civilian areas.  These terms are also used in the Geneva Convention as a rationale for the rights of an occupied population and the requirements that invading forces must follow. 

   For Russian officials to be held accountable for these war crimes, they would need to travel outside of the country and be held accountable by the ICC in The Hague
assistant