Visualization of the trained model: (a) reconstructions from layer 2, (b) the 16 layer 1 filter weights, (c) invariance visualization for layer 1 incorporating unpooling and convolutions (see \\secc{composite} for details) (d) layer 2 filter weights (shown as 16 groups of filter planes connecting to all 48 layer 2 maps), (e)  layer 2 pixel space invariance visualization of features projected down from samples of the layer 2 feature distribution (see \\secc{composite}).