The Blue Lagoon (1949 film)
The Blue Lagoon is a 1949 British coming-of-age romance and adventure film directed and co-produced by Frank Launder (with Sidney Gilliat) and starring Jean Simmons and Donald Houston. The screenplay was adapted by John Baines, Michael Hogan, and Frank Launder from the 1908 novel The Blue Lagoon by Henry De Vere Stacpoole. The original music score was composed by Clifton Parker and the cinematography was by Geoffrey Unsworth.

The film tells the story of two young children shipwrecked on a tropical island paradise in the South Pacific. Emotional feelings and physical changes arise as they grow to maturity and fall in love. The film has major thematic similarities to the Biblical account of Adam and Eve.

Plot
In 1841, 8-year-old Emmeline Foster and 10-year-old Michael Reynolds, two British children, are the survivors of a shipwreck in the South Pacific. After days afloat, they are marooned on a lush tropical island in the company of kindly old sailor Paddy Button. Eventually, Paddy dies in a drunken binge, leaving Emmeline and Michael alone. They survive solely on their resourcefulness and the bounty of their remote paradise.

Eight years later, in 1849, the now-adult couple live together in the island paradise, fish, and collect "beads" from the shellfish in the surrounding lagoon. One day, a ship arrives carrying Doctor Murdoch and James Carter, two British men, who are intimated to have fled as criminals from civilization. Surprised to find the couple on the island, Doctor Murdoch soon realises that Michael collects valuable pearls without knowing their true worth. While Murdoch attempts to trick Michael into getting him a bounty of pearls, Carter tries to kidnap Emmeline and escape. Murdoch and Carter kill each other on the boat, and Michael and Emmeline vow to never attempt to leave the island again. They marry, and during a tropical storm, a child, Paddy, is born.

In 1852, Emmeline is reminded of the outside world and wants to leave the island. She fears for their child if Michael and she should die. Michael gives in to her pleading, and they pack a small boat and leave the island. Becalmed in mid-ocean, they succumb to exposure. A British ship finds them, but the movie only shows that Paddy is still alive in the small boat, leaving their fate unclear.

Cast
 Jean Simmons as Emmeline Foster
 Donald Houston as Michael Reynolds
 Susan Stranks as Emmeline (younger)
 Peter Rudolph Jones as Michael (younger)
 Noel Purcell as Paddy Button
 James Hayter as Dr. Murdock
 Cyril Cusack as James Carter
 Nora Nicholson as Mrs. Stannard
 Maurice Denham as Ship's Captain
 Philip Stainton as Mr. Ansty
 Patrick Barr as Second Mate
 Lyn Evans as Trotter
 Russell Waters as Craggs
 John Boxer as Nick Corbett
 Bill Raymond as Marsden

Production history
The film was an adaptation of a novel whose previous screen adaptation was completed for release in 1923, but it is the earliest surviving adaptation.

In 1928, Herbert Wilcox acquired the motion picture rights to the novel from I.W. Schlesinger to produce a remake. To eliminate competition with his film, Wilcox purchased all existing prints of the 1923 adaptation. Approximately one year later, he officially announced the inclusion of this project in his portfolio of motion pictures in production. He planned to film it in multiple-language versions in French and Spanish, in 2-strip Technicolor, and with a full libretto of native music. The project was abandoned due to the Great Depression, and was not restarted until 1935, now with backing from the newly formed General Film Distributors (GFD). After development resumed, Wilcox planned to cast either Joel McCrea or Richard Cromwell as the male lead. It was going to be shot in 3-strip Technicolor in Honolulu.  

After a spectacular fire at the British and Dominions Imperial Studios on 9 February 1936 destroyed the last surviving print of the 1923 film, Wilcox lost interest in the project, though, and the rights were assumed by GFD's new sister company Gainsborough Pictures at the recommendation of Frank Launder, who always admired the novel. Gainsborough announced the film in 1938 as part of a slate of 10 films. The stars were to be Michael Redgrave and Margaret Lockwood, who had just appeared in Gainsborough's The Lady Vanishes; Will Fyffe was to co-star. Carol Reed was considered to direct. In 1939, Gainsborough went into a co-production with 20th Century Fox to secure funding, and Lockwood was going to co-star with Richard Greene, under contract to Fox. Plans to make the film were postponed due to World War II.

The project was reactivated after the war and announced in 1946, with Frank Launder attached to direct. Extensive location searches were undertaken before deciding to make the film in Fiji.

Plans to make the film were postponed due to Britain's currency difficulties, but eventually, plans were reactivated.

Censorship 

In 1946, Joseph Breen told Universal Studios that they could turn the book into a movie if they made some changes to follow the Hays Code. Breen said the characters could not be related, the love should be between grown-ups, and there could not be any sex scenes or birth scenes. He also asked them to take out the parents' suicide. In 1948, Breen approved the script with further changes, like no nudity or suggestive content, and suggested they show the marriage passing incontinently. Indeed, though there were rules and restrictions, they still made and released the movie.

Casting
Jean Simmons was attached to the project at an early stage due to her success in Great Expectations (1946).

Donald Houston was chosen as the male protagonist from a pool of more than 5,000 candidates, 100 of whom had screen tests.

Filming
The film was shot on location in Fiji, Yasawa Islands, and at Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire, England.

In December, a light plane carrying Leslie Gilliat, the producer and brother of Sidney Gilliat, crashed into a river near Suva. Both Gilliat and the pilot escaped unharmed.

Simmons left England in November, spent some time in Australia, and then travelled to Fiji. There was uncertainty regarding her entry into Fiji due to her age of 18. The colonial government of Fiji was discussing the possibility of prohibiting individuals under 19 from entering the country as a preventative measure against the introduction of polio.

Houston and Simmons were almost injured in Fiji when their car was overturned.

Most of the filming occurred on the Yasawa Islands, and due to bad weather conditions, the filming process was prolonged for three months.

Reception

Commercial 
The Blue Lagoon was the seventh-most popular film at the British box office in 1949. According to Kinematograph Weekly, the 'biggest winner' at the box office in 1949 Britain was The Third Man with "runners up" being Johnny Belinda, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, The Paleface, Scott of the Antarctic, The Blue Lagoon, Maytime in Mayfair, Easter Parade, Red River, and You Can't Sleep Here.

The film generated producer's receipts amounting to £186,500 within the United Kingdom and £164,900 in overseas markets, ultimately yielding a profit of £40,300 by  primarily driven by its international earnings.

Critical 
According to A. H. Weiler, a reviewer from the New York Times, the film depicted a tranquil Polynesian utopia accurately but was lacking in excitement. Nonetheless, he acknowledged that the leisurely-paced events were juxtaposed against a picturesque backdrop of Technicolor sunsets, gorgeous beaches, and verdant vegetation. Additionally, he commended the competent performances of the limited cast. Nevertheless, Weiler believed that the movie's most noteworthy feature was its magnificent Technicolor scenery.

In his review for Variety, Myro expressed that the Technicolor cinematography of a stunning South Pacific setting was an appropriate and romantic setting for the movie. However, he found fault with the weak plot and stated that the tale of two children marooned on a South Sea island lacked a cohesive storyline. Although he praised the movie's visual beauty, he criticised the leading actors for not being challenged beyond their physical appearances.

A Harrison's Reports critic gave a mixed review. The reviewer praised the film's aesthetic qualities and its visually appealing elements. However, the critic had reservations over the plausibility of the narrative and the predominantly sluggish tempo of the picture.

Mandel Herbstman, a critic for the Motion Picture Daily, however, gave a positive review of the movie. He liked how the film used Technicolor to show both beautiful and violent scenes of nature. Herbstman thought that the movie would appeal to a wide range of viewers and could fit into different types of adventure and romance stories. He also mentioned that the film's tension and violent moments added to its dramatic impact. Herbstman praised Jean Simmons' portrayal of the lead female character for her physical grace and innocence. Lastly, he thought that Donald Houston did a good job as the male lead.

Jay Carmody of the Washington Star called it a summertime love cinema must-see. Carmody praised Jean Simmons' film star performance. The film's sensitive and tasteful depiction of two youngsters stranded on a beautiful South Pacific island was praised. Carmody liked the film's unexpected emotional and event depth. He also appreciated the well-used comedy, which enhanced the story. Simmons and Donald Houston's portrayals of Emmeline and Michael, the film's adult characters, were Carmody's highlights. Carmody called The Blue Lagoon a great film, praising Simmons' charming and innocent performance and the supporting cast's work.

The Newsweek reviewer offered a critical perspective. While praising the genuine portrayal of the children's arrival on the island and the film's visual appeal, its loss of credibility and slow character development were criticised. The reviewer also pointed out the contrived nature of the romantic plot and its reliance on coincidences. Despite these flaws, the reviewer acknowledged the film's effectiveness as a form of tropical escapism.

Time criticised the picture for its weaknesses and wasted opportunity. The reviewer found the film's South Sea romance tedious and emotionally sluggish, like a Norse saga. The review praised the film's Technicolour cinematography and delightful props but criticised the absence of character dialogue. Contrived catastrophes like an underwater struggle with an octopus and a delayed sex exploration were unsatisfying attempts to make up for this shortfall. The reviewer also criticised the plot, notably the representation of a child's birth, which they considered unsuitable for Jean Simmons.

Melbourne's The Advocate slammed the picture. The reviewer called the film's storyline juvenile magazine-like and boring. The film's technicolour visuals and stunning surroundings were praised, but the reviewer said the weak storyline hampered the cast. The film was a failure despite enormous publicity and efforts, including flying the crew and casting thousands of miles to Fiji for a genuine backdrop. The reviewer called the result a little mouse, meaning that the considerable resources were not proportionate. The review criticised the film's execution and indirectly blamed J. Arthur Rank.

The Sydney Sunday Herald appreciated the film's visual depiction of adolescent reading material and romantic entertainment value, noticing its lack of novelty but noting its commercial success. The critic praised the Technicolour cinematography and sensitively depicted sensual awakening between the heroes. The two villains' temporary disturbance and the couple's baby-rearing difficulty are discussed. The performers performed well, and the reviewer said the film's choice fit Stacpoole's romantic literary style.

Writing for The Age, Erle Cox criticised the interference of film producers in adapting literary works for the screen, sympathising with the original author and expressing frustration over the alterations made by the producer, particularly in the final chapters of the story. Despite this, he acknowledged the film's justifiable use of the source material, praising the performances of the lead actors and highlighting the film's beautiful tropical setting. Notable scenes, such as an underwater fight and a fortuitous hurricane during filming, are also mentioned.

Despite the narrative potential that its source material offered, George Perry wrote in his book The Great British Picture Show that the movie ultimately fell short of expectations and provided a rather underwhelming cinematic experience.

Legacy 

David Cronenberg has stated to David Breskin that it was the scariest movie that he ever saw as a kid, and he holds it in high regard. Cronenberg explained that the apprehension represented in this particular film stemmed from the disconnection between the two teenage protagonists and their parents. According to Cronenberg, the concept of parental separation constituted the most fear-inducing factor, as he hypothesised that neonates are universally fearful of such separation. In addition, the individual remarked that adults frequently interpret children's fear of movies based on their perspective, ignoring the fact that children can endure far more frightening circumstances than adults may believe.

Other versions and sequel
 The novel was adapted into a motion picture by a Hollywood studio (Columbia Pictures) for the first time in a version that was released in 1980 starring Brooke Shields and Christopher Atkins. The updated version, directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Douglas Day Stewart, included nudity and sexual content, although not as much as the book. According to Kleiser himself, it was the book and not the 1949 film that inspired his version of the story. That version was followed in 1991 by the sequel Return to the Blue Lagoon, starring Milla Jovovich and Brian Krause. Although the sequel bears a strong similarity to the 1980 film, it bears little resemblance to Stacpoole's second novel, The Garden of God. The pearl-greedy traders do not appear in Stacpoole's original novel, but in the third novel, The Gates of Morning, a pair of sailors attack the people of a nearby island for pearls after seeing a woman wearing a double pearl hair ornament, as Emmeline does in the 1949 film.
 A "contemporary remake" of The Blue Lagoon was made for television in 2012. Called Blue Lagoon: The Awakening, it depicts two teenagers Emmaeine Robinson (Indiana Evans) and Dean McCullen (Brenton Thwaites) being stranded on a tropical island. The male lead from the 1980 film, Christopher Atkins, appears in this film as one of the teachers on the shipborne field trip where Emma and Dean are lost at sea and end up on an island.

See also
 State of nature

References

External links
 
 
 
 

1949 films
1940s adventure drama films
1949 romantic drama films
British adventure films
British romantic drama films
Films about children
Films about survivors of seafaring accidents or incidents
Films based on British novels
Films based on romance novels
Films directed by Frank Launder
Films scored by Clifton Parker
Films set in Oceania
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Films shot in Fiji
Romantic period films
Films with screenplays by Frank Launder and Sidney Gilliat
Universal Pictures films
Films set in the 1840s
Films set in 1841
Films set in 1849
Films set in the 1850s
Films set in 1852
Films set in the Victorian era
Films set on uninhabited islands
Juvenile sexuality in films
1940s British films
Films based on The Blue Lagoon (novel)