Narco-submarine
A narco-submarine (also called a drug sub or narco sub) is a type of custom ocean-going, self-propelled, semi-submersible or fully-submersible vessel built for smugglers. Newer semi-submersibles are "nearly-fully" submersible in order to reduce likelihood of detection by visual, radar, sonar, or infrared systems. Cargo capacity varies widely with vessel size, although several tons is typical. In 2015, the largest-known cargo of was seized on a semi-submersible craft. Some contemporary narco-subs are capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean. History During the 1980s, go-fast boats were the smuggling vessel of choice in many parts of the world. Go-fast boats became more vulnerable to radar detection as radar technology improved, leading to the development of semi-submersibles. In 1988, an unmanned submarine was found off Boca Raton, Florida. It was designed to be towed by a boat and submerged by remote control. The sub was empty, but officials and authorities believe it was for smuggling after it was realized the hatch could be opened only from the outside. 2000s In 2006 a submarine was seized southwest of Costa Rica. The U.S. Coast Guard dubbed it Bigfoot because they heard rumors of their existence, but never saw any. In 2006, the U.S. detected three vessels in total, and they estimated between twenty-five to forty semi-subs departed from South America in 2007. During the first six months of 2008, the U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Navy detected forty-two subs off the coasts of Central America, but few seizures resulted. According to various press-releases, the projected eighty-five narco submarine voyages by the end of 2008 could potentially bring about 544 tons of cocaine to U.S. customers. In 2008, the Mexican Navy intercepted a submarine in international waters about southwest of Oaxaca. Mexican Navy Special Forces rappelled from a helicopter on to its deck and arrested four smugglers. According to one press-release, the vessel carried 5.3 tons of cocaine; it was towed to Huatulco, Oaxaca, by a Mexican Navy patrol boat. Also in 2008, the U.S. Coast Guard captured a semi-submersible vessel in international waters about west of Guatemala; it was carrying an even seven tons of cocaine. The steel/fiberglass vessel was detected by a U.S. Navy aircraft as part of Operation Panama Express, and was intercepted by Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment 402 aboard USS McInerney. Five days later, an semi-submersible was seized in international waters by the U.S. Coast Guard Midgett about south of Guatemala. Several other submarines were intercepted, but not seized because their crews scuttled them upon interception. In 2009, the U.S. detected "as many as sixty" submarine related events, and calculated they were moving as much as a ton of cocaine daily. In the same year, three submarines were seized on the shores of the Pacific coast, loaded with 1.5 tons of cocaine. The Colombian navy had intercepted or discovered thirty-three submarines by 2009. 2010s After the November 5, 2010 arrest of Harold Mauricio Poveda, a key Mexican–Colombian link, exigent interrogation methods revealed FARC (the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) were behind the