List of Bohol flora and fauna
The Philippines supports a rich and varied flora with close botanical connections to Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia. Forests cover almost one-half of the land area and are typically tropical, with the dominant family, Dipterocarpaceae, representing 75% of the stands. The forest also has vines, epiphytes, and climbers. Open grasslands, ranging up to 2.4 m (8 ft) in height, occupy one-fourth of the land area; they are man- made, the aftermath of the slash-and-burn agricultural system, and most contain tropical savanna grasses that are nonnutritious and difficult to eradicate. The diverse flora includes 8,000 species of flowering plants, 1,000 kinds of ferns, and 800 species of orchids. Seventy to eighty percent of non-flying mammals in the Philippines are found nowhere else in the world. Common mammals include the wild hog, deer, wild carabao, monkey, civet cat, and various rodents. There are about 196 breeding species of birds, among the more numerous being the megapodes (turkey-like wildfowl), button quail, jungle fowl, peacock pheasant, dove, pigeon, parrot, and hornbill. Reptilian life is represented by 190 species; there are crocodiles and the larger snakes include the python and several varieties of cobra. The fauna on Bohol is almost identical to that on Mindanao, Samar, and Leyte, but not that on nearby Negros. Scientists believe that the floral and faunal biodiversity unique to the Philippines is caused by the Ice Age. They also believe that the country has the most severely endangered plant and animal communities on earth. Bohol is an island province in the Philippines and its 10th largest island. It is located in the Central Visayas region and has a population of 1,137,000 (2000 census) with an area of 4,117.3 km. This is a list of the most common species and varieties of flora and fauna specific to the province of Bohol in the Philippines, endemic or otherwise. List of Bohol Flora Hardwood and other tree species abihíd-Spondias pinnata Acacia – Rain tree; Samanea saman Merr.; Other scientific names: Mimosa saman Jacq.; Inga saman Willd.; Pithecolobium saman Benth.; Enterolobium saman Prain almáciga – Agathis philippinensis bagakay Bagalñga (C. Bis.) – Lygodium japonicum; Paraiso Bagalunga – Melia dubia bago-Gnetum gnemon balete – India rubber tree; Ficus elastica bánaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa; queen's flower or crepe myrtle and the pride of India; bangkal – Nauclea orientalis; Leichhardt tree, yellow cheesewood bangkaw – Nauclea subdita; bulobangkal, bongkol Batinô – Alstonia macrophylla bitaóg – Calophyllkum blancoi; Calophyllum wallichianum Vidal bujangjang – Prayer beads; Arbus precatorius Linn.; saga bulí – Corypha elata Roxb.; buri kawayan – Bambusa spinosa; Bambusa vulgaris dapdap – Erythrina variegata Linn. var. orientalis (Linn.); Indian coal tree Date palm – Palmae (INTRODUCED) dorol – also called doldol; kapok (Tag.) ; Ceiba pentandra Eucalyptus – Eucalyptus globulus (INTRODUCED) Gemilina – Gmelina arborea (INTRODUCED) Ipil-ipil – Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (INTRODUCED) lauaan – Diptecarpus thurifer white lauan – Shorea contorta lubí – niyóg – Coconut – Cocos nucifera madre de cacao – kakawate; Gliricidia sepium (INTRODUCED) mahogany – Philippine Mahogany; Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae) (INTRODUCED) mangga –