Sitio Conte
Sitio Conte is an archaeological site located in the Coclé province of Panama near Parita Bay. It can best be described as a necropolis and a "paradigmatic example of a ranked or chiefdom society". Based on dates from the goldwork and polychrome ceramics found at the site, its use is dated from approximately AD 450–900. While the site has remained untouched since the final excavations in 1940, its mortuary remains are considered to be a critical resource to archaeologists, as they aid in the interpretation of the social dynamics in the region between AD 500 and 1500. Site organization The site itself is located on the eastern bank of the Rio Grande de Coclé. From its core, it spreads east, north and south along the river. Surrounding the site are grasslands and a number of small hills. To the north of Sitio Conte are the Tabasará Mountains; to the south lies Parita Bay. The most significant features at the site are the graves themselves. Architectural features are few in number and include two rows of large, roughly shaped vertical stones that measured 2 meters in height. These were associated with smaller stones with flat tops, which archaeologist Samuel Kirkland Lothrop referred to as "altars". Also included among these features were two floors and a large pile of roughly worked stones. A brief history Little is known about Sitio Conte and the individuals who are interred therein. A number of theories as to the function of the site have been offered, ranging from a "summer residence," to a shared burial ground. Those interred within the graves have been identified as either "chiefly families" or "chiefs and warriors slain in a single battle". Archaeologists have a good understanding as to when the site was in use, ascertained by dates associated with the goldwork and polychrome ceramics in the graves. From these artifacts, it has been revealed that the site was used from approximately AD 450 to 900. Around AD 900, the cemetery was abandoned; however, based on household refuse, it appears that domestic occupation of the site continued. Archaeology at Sitio Conte Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the Rio Grande de Coclé changed course and began to cut through the western edge of the site. In doing so, it washed a number of artifacts down stream, which were later collected and sold. Some objects were displayed by the Panamanian government during the opening of the Panama Canal in 1915. In 1927, the river changed course once again, sending more objects downstream. In 1928, the Conte family excavated a pit, which revealed some of the large stone columns that Lothrop later referred to in his reports. Several of these objects found their way to the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, drawing the interest of then curator, Alfred M. Tozzer. Tozzer and Earnest A. Hooten visited the site in that same year and made arrangements for excavations by the Peabody Museum. In 1930, when excavations began under the direction of archaeologist Henry