Pissodes nemorensis
Pissodes nemorensis, known generally as the eastern pine weevil or deodar weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America and Africa. Deodar weevils are considered a forest pest in the United States, with adults and larvae feeding on a variety of coniferous tree species, including trees such as deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), sand pine (Pinus clausa), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and spruce pine (Pinus glabra) Trees of all ages are susceptible to weevil infestations, while trees that are severely stressed by fire, drought, extreme cold, fusiform rust, wind damage, and other problems are prone to weevil infestation. In well-managed pine stands, deodar weevil infestations are sporadic, attacking only the suppressed and unhealthy trees throughout the area. Because they do not typically effect healthy trees, they do not usually alter traditional management strategies. Unlike many other forest pests in the eastern United States, deodar weevils are most active in the winter months, and this is often when sign of infestations can be seen. The best way to avoid a deodar weevil infestation is to maintain good tree and stand health: healthy trees do not typically face mortality or extensive damage from these pests. If an infestation has occurred, pesticides can be used in the fall as the weevils become active, but are typically not recommended. Description Adult Deodar weevils adults are approximately 7mm long; can range from a rusty red to grayish brown in color on the head and the body. Like most other weevil species have a long snout (or proboscis) and a small head. They also have the weevil clubbed antennae that are 'elbowed' located near the tip of the snout. On the top of the thorax, there are two distinct white spots. An additional spot occurs on the thorax at the base of the wings (the scutellum). The abdomen can have various splotchy patterns along the wing casings (elytra) with two larger white spots or splotches on the rear or posterior portion. Pupa Similar in size and shape as the adult weevils, but are instead a creamy white color. The legs are crumpled beneath the already well formed proboscis. Their wing pads are wrapped around the thorax, and the head has low spines. As they approach time to molt, their shell darkens to shades more similar to the adult form. Larvae Newly hatched larvae are small (<2mm) growing to 12mm when mature. Much like other beetle larvae, deodar weevil larvae have a plump white ridged and legless abdomen, and an amber to brown helmet head. Biology and reproduction Adult weevils become active in fall, feed and mate, and females lay eggs in the holes made while feeding in the bark. Newly hatched grubs bore under the bark where they feed, molt, and grow. The pupae occupy chambers (chip cocoons) made by the larvae. Adult weevils begin emerging in March but most of the new adult weevils