John Manzoni
Sir John Alexander Manzoni (born 1960) is a British senior civil servant and business executive, who served as chief executive of the civil service and the Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary from 2014 to 2020. Early life and education Manzoni studied civil engineering as an undergraduate and a Master's degree in petroleum engineering at Imperial College London. He later studied for a Master's degree in management as a Sloan Fellow at Stanford University in 1994. He also has a Master of Business Administration degree. Business career Manzoni started to work for the oil and gas company BP in 1983. In 2000, he was a group vice president at the company. He was chief executive for refining and marketing at BP at the time of the Texas City Refinery explosion in 2005, in which 15 people were killed and 170 injured. An internal BP investigation cleared him of "serious neglect or intentional misconduct" but said he should have taken more steps to consider and mitigate the risks long before the disaster occurred, and criticised several aspects of his conduct. The company was fined $21m (£13m) for breaching safety rules. In 2007, a month after the BP report was made public, Manzoni left BP to become the president and chief executive officer of Talisman Energy, an oil and gas exploration and production company. He replaced James Buckee, who had headed the company for 14 years. In his last year working at BP, Manzoni earned a salary of £758,000. During his time at Talisman the company focused on shale gas, selling a non-controlling stake in its North Sea business to Sinopec in July 2012. Manzoni resigned from Talisman and was replaced by Hal Kvisle in September 2012. In July 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency reported that it had fined Talisman Energy $62,457 for more than fifty health and safety violations at sites in Pennsylvania. Civil service career In February 2014, Manzoni joined the British civil service as the chief executive of the Major Projects Authority, a role under the remit of the Cabinet Office. His former BP boss John Browne, who had also left BP in 2007 sat on Manzoni's appointment panel but did not chair it. Whilst in this role, Manzoni also served as a director for the brewing and beverage company SABMiller, chair of the energy company Leyshon Energy and an adviser to the venture capital company Adamant Ventures. On 13 October 2014, Manzoni was appointed as the first chief executive of the civil service, after the position was split out from that of the Head of the Home Civil Service when Bob Kerslake retired. A number of business figures who had been approached for the role were reported to have turned it down, with one commenting that the job was "un-doable", and the Financial Times reported that the government had drawn up a "plan B" to appoint Manzoni. His appointment was criticised by the Green Party Member of Parliament (MP) Caroline Lucas. As chief executive of the civil service,