Franciszek Mazur
Franciszek Mazur (properly Lewko Horodenko), also known as Stanisław Gajsler (born August 1, 1895, in Wołkowce in the Płoskirów district, Podolia Governorate, died March 7, 1975, in Warsaw) was Polish lawyer of Ukrainian descent, a communist politician. President of the Supreme Court of the USSR (1926–1928), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland (1930–1938). After 1945 he joined the Polish Workers' Party, then deputy member and member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (1948-1956). Member of the State National Council, the Sejm of the People's Republic of Poland of the 1st term, in the years 1952-1957 deputy chairman of the State Council, deputy marshal of the Sejm of the 1st convocation. Biography The son of a farm worker. He came from a Ukrainian-speaking Catholic family. In 1915 he was mobilized for military service in the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. After the February Revolution and the overthrow of the tsar, while serving in the navy in Sevastopol in 1917, he joined the Polish Socialist Party - Left and collaborated with the Bolsheviks. After the October Revolution he took part in the civil war, in June 1919 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), as a soldier of the Red Army he took part in the Polish-Bolshevik war in Ukraine. After graduating from law studies, he held positions in the state apparatus of the USSR. From March 1923 to the end of 1925 he was the chairman of the Governor's Court of the Kiev Governorate, then from November 1925 a judge of the Supreme Court of the USSR, and from April 1926 to August 1928 the President of the Supreme Court of the USSR in Kharkov. Then, in the years 1928–1930, he was the head of the department of higher and vocational schools in the People's Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian SSR (1928-1930), and finally the first secretary of the Regional Committee of the WKP(b) Shepetówka-Berdyczów (1930). In 1930, by the decision of the Comintern, he was sent to underground party work in Poland. He was included in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Poland (1930–1938), and at the same time he was the head of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. At the same time, from June 15, 1930, to January 18, 1934, he was formally a deputy member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine. Arrested by the State Police, he was sentenced to six years in prison, of which he served approximately five. He served his sentence in prisons in Lviv, Rawicz, Wronki and Koronowo, then emigrated to Czechoslovakia and France. After the outbreak of World War II, he moved to the USSR. In June 1940 he was arrested by the NKVD, imprisoned in Lubyanka and tortured. On March 15, 1941, he was sentenced to five years in a labor camp for anti-Soviet propaganda - in conversations in the prison commune in Koronowo in