Lukut
Lukut (Jawi: لوكوت; ) is a suburb located to the northeast of Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It was once part of Selangor, serving as a thriving tin mining town in the early 19th-century before being ceded to Sungai Ujong domain in 1880 to which formed part of the modern borders of Negeri Sembilan. History In the early 18th century, Chinese miners from Malacca had been allowed by Sultan Ibrahim Shah, the ruler of Selangor to mine this area. Sultan Ibrahim signed a trade agreement with the East India Company based in Penang which caused tin from the Lukut mines to be lucrative to the Selangor Crown. This directly caused an uptick in population numbers, particularly from the Hainanese Chinese community which made the Sultan have to appoint a Kapitan to be the representative of the Chinese people. Lukut under Raja Busu They need to manage the area caused Sultan Ibrahim to grant Lukut to his nephew Raja Hassan, also known as Raja Busu as his fief. He brought along Malay followers to settle the land with him. Raja Busu had introduced some civil and economic laws such as having to ask for his permission before working on any land. The number of residents was 1000 people in 1824 and continued to increase in the next 10 years. As a result, businesses were erected to serve the Chinese miners such as opium dens, brothels from Singapore and food supply from the Malays. However, Raja Busu also charged a high tax rate of 10% for every tin deposit that passed through Lukut. This caused dissatisfaction among the mine owners who came to negotiate with him one day in 1834. Raja Busu reportedly refused to leave his residence and the "sight of deposits everywhere" further embroiled the 400 Chinese people who were there. They resorted to burn his residence, killing him and his family. Raja Husin of Riau, a relative of both the Sultan and Raja Busu heard of this incident and brought a force to take revenge and massacre around 1000 Chinese miners. This caused them to flee and Lukut to be abandoned. Lukut under Raja Jaafar and Raja Jum'aat In 1835, Raja Jaafar Raja Ali, a noble of the house of Bugis-Riau received permission from Sultan Muhammad Shah, the new ruler of Selangor - and his third cousin - to operate a tin mining business in Lukut. Hearing of the mine's newfound success, the Sultan personally visited Lukut and declared that it was to be part of Selangor, thus rendering its relative independence obsolete. The Sultan's seal of approval caused Malays to return to the area. The Sultan's further assurance to Chinese investors in the Straits' Settlements caused an increase in capital and labour in Lukut. After his father's death in 1846, Raja Jum'aat succeeded in his place as leader of the tin mining operation. His good standing with the Sultan, even going so far as to settle his outstanding debts with European and Chinese merchants in the Straits Settlements