Linda Williams (film scholar)
Linda Williams (born December 18, 1946) is an American professor of film studies in the departments of Film Studies and Rhetoric at University of California, Berkeley. Career Williams graduated from University of California, Berkeley with a B.A in Comparative Literature in 1969, and then earned a PhD at the University of Colorado for her dissertation subsequently published as Figures of Desire: A Theory and Analysis of Surrealist Film. Her main academic areas of interest are: film history, film genre, melodrama, pornography, feminist theory and visual culture; all with an emphasis on women, gender, race, and sexuality. With respect to film genres, she argues that horror, melodrama, and pornography all fall into the category of "body genres", since they are each designed to elicit physical reactions on the part of viewers. Horror is designed to elicit spine-chilling, white-knuckled, eye-bulging terror (often through images of blood); melodramas are designed to elicit sympathy (often through images of tears); and pornography is designed to elicit sexual arousal (often through images of "money shots"). Williams believes that much pornographic expression, and the form that expression takes, is due to the distance between the audience and the actual performers, and so, she concludes, much of what pornography becomes is a type of compensation for the distance between viewer and viewed. Professional experience Assistant Professor of English, University of Illinois, Chicago. 1977-83 Associate Professor of English, University of Illinois, Chicago. 1984-89 Professor, Film Studies, University of California, Irvine. 1989-97 Acting Director, Winter 1993 Director, Summer 1994 and Spring 1996 Professor of Film Studies and Rhetoric, University of California, Berkeley. 1997–Present Director of Program in Film Studies, July 1999-Present Selected honors and awards 1989 Katherine Singer Kovács Prize in Film, TV, and Video Studies for essay Fetishism and the Visual Pleasure of Hard Core: Marx, Freud and the 'Money Shot'''; and finalist for the best book in Cinema Studies: both the Jay Leyda Prize and the Kovacks Prize (for Hard Core) 2004 Distinguished Teaching Award, UC Berkeley 2004-2005 Humanities Research Fellowship, UC Berkeley 2011 Faculties Research Lecture, UC Berkeley 2012 Katherine Singer Kovács Prize for "'Cluster Fuck': The Forcible Frame in Errol Morris' Standard Operating Procedure." 2013 Society for Cinema and Media Studies Career Achievement Award Class of 1940, Second Chair: UC Berkeley. Writings AuthorFigures of Desire: A Theory and Analysis of Surrealist Film, University of Illinois Press, 1981. Paperback edition: University of California Press, 1992, Hard Core: Power, Pleasure and the Frenzy of the Visible (University of California Press, 1989). Expanded Paperback Edition: University of California Press, 1999, Playing the Race Card: Melodramas of Black & White from Uncle Tom to O.J.Simpson, Princeton University Press, Paperback edition, 2002, Screening Sex, Duke University Press, 2008, On The Wire, Duke University Press, 2014, EditorRevision: Essays in Feminist Film Criticism. Coedited with Mary Anne Doane and Patricia Mellencamp, American Film Institute Monograph Series Frederick Maryland: University Publications of America, 1984. Viewing Positions: Ways of Seeing Film. Edited. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1994. Reinventing Film Studies. Co-edited anthology with Christine