Chianciano Terme
Chianciano Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about southeast of Florence and about southeast of Siena. It is located between the Valdichiana and the Val d'Orcia. Chianciano Terme borders the following municipalities: Chiusi, Montepulciano, Pienza, Sarteano. History Chianciano Terme history dates back to the 5th century BC, when the Etruscans built a temple dedicated to the god of Good Health, close to the Silene springs where the newer quarter of Chianciano (the Terme section) stands today. News of the curative power of Chianciano's water became well known during Roman times, as Horace visited the area on the advice of his physician during the 1st century BC. Luxurious Roman villas were built in the area near the thermal baths. In 1993 bathhouse columns and an enormous tile-paved swimming pool have been excavated as part of a major spa complex unlike anything else ever found in the Siena region and one of the largest in Italy, and consistent with Horace's description. There is little archaeological evidence of much activity during the Middle Ages, but, by the 12th and 13th centuries, Chianciano belonged to the Manenti Counts, Lords of Sarteano. Its position close to the Via Francigena (the medieval main connection from Rome to France) fostered its development, and Chianciano reached a degree of judicial autonomy by 1287 when it established its own statutes. In the 14th century, the city states of Orvieto and Siena contended for it, with Siena being the ultimate victor. The first decades of the 20th century saw the area around the springs (the Terme section) draw the attention of developers. Between 1920 and 1930 neoclassical establishments with Pompeian-style bowers were built, then destroyed in 1940 when the Fascist-controlled state took possession. While under state control, a new town plan was designed by architects Loreti and Marchi, who also designed some spas in the Acqua Santa Park. The town plan was adjusted by the Town Technical Office of Chianciano in 1958 and passed in 1961. Main sights Present day Chianciano Terme has two distinct areas. Chianciano Vecchia (Ancient Chianciano) is located atop a small hill. The Porta Rivellini, with its elegant Renaissance structure, is the main gateway into the town at the end of the Via Dante. In contrast to this is the modern quarter, the Terme, whose nucleus has grown around the thermal springs and stretches northward in a crescent shape along the Vale della Libertà towards the older city. The Church of the Immacolata, restored in 1588 after the Florentine conquest of Siena, once housed the paintings Annunciation by Niccolò Betti, Holy Family by Galgano Perpignani, and a fresco of Madonna of the Peace attributed to Luca Signorelli. These works are currently all in the museum of the Collegiata Church of San Giovanni Battista, a Romanesque-Gothic building with a notable portal. It houses a Holy Scene fresco (16th century), a 14th-century crucifix, and a wooden Dead Christ by Giuseppe Paleari (1783). The church of Madonna della Rosa