Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), first published by Longman in 1978, is an advanced learner's dictionary, providing definitions using a restricted vocabulary, helping non-native English speakers understand meanings easily. It is available in four configurations: Printed book Premium online access Printed book plus premium online access Reduced online version with no access charge (called "free" but technically "gratis": the license is still proprietary) The dictionary is currently in its sixth edition. The premium website was revised in 2014 and 2015. It now offers over a million corpus examples (exceeding the paper version's), and includes sound files for every word, 88,000 example sentences, and various tools for study, teaching, examinations and grammar. The 9000 Most Important English Words to Learn have been highlighted via the Longman Communication 9000. The free online version was updated in 2008 and offers search (with spelling assistance), definitions, collocations, and many examples and illustrations. Longman Defining Vocabulary A key feature of the LDOCE is its utilization of the Longman Defining Vocabulary, a 2000-word controlled defining vocabulary used to write all of the definitions in the dictionary. This defining vocabulary was developed from Michael West's General Service List of high-frequency words and their most common meanings. The controlled defining vocabulary is not only helpful to second-language learners, but has also facilitated the use of the LDOCE as a machine-readable dictionary in computational linguistics research. Longman Collocations Dictionary and Thesaurus It is a version of LDOCE specialized for collocations, synonyms, antonyms, designed for intermediate to advanced level learners. Publications Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English English dictionaries LDOCE by Pearson English Language Teaching 6th edition (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 6th Edition): Includes 230,000 words, phrases, and meanings; 165,000 corpus-based example sentences, Longman 9,000 keywords, 65,000 collocations (extra 147,000 online), online access for print dictionary. Paperback bi-colour edition+12 months online subscription () 1st? impression (2014-07-04) Longman Handy Learner's Dictionary of American English 2nd? edition: Includes 28,000 words and phrases. English-Chinese dictionaries LDOCE by Longman Third edition: Includes 80,000 entries, over 200 usage topics, 24 pages of coloured illustrations, 3,000 popular keywords, 20 Language Notes, over 150 new usage frequency tables, new IELTS vocabulary table. Optical disc includes only new contents not found in the printed LDOCE dictionary. Traditional Chinese version (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese) Third Edition/朗文當代高級辭典(英英・英漢雙解)第三版) Paperback edition+disc () 1st? impression (2004-10-30) LDOCE by Pearson English Language Teaching (Asia) 4th edition: Includes 207,000 words, phrases, and meanings (including 4000 new words); 155,000 usage examples, 7,000 synonyms and antonyms, over 250 usage topics, 14 pages of coloured illustrations, 3,000 popular keywords, Language Notes. Definitions use only 2000 common words. Optical disc includes contents from LDOCE and Longman Concise Chinese-English Dictionary. Traditional Chinese version (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese) 4th Edition/朗文當代高級辭典(英英・英漢雙解)第四版) Hardcover edition+disc () 1st? impression (2010-01-28) Hardcover condensed print edition+disc () 1st? impression (2009-09-03) 5th edition: Traditional Chinese version (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (English-Chinese) 5th Edition/朗文當代高級英漢雙解辭典第五版) Hardcover edition with DVD (/) 1st? impression (2013-08-12) Hardcover condensed print edition with DVD (/) 1st? impression (2013-08-12)