Peter Klopfer
Peter Hubert Klopfer (born August 9, 1930) is a German-born American zoologist, civil rights advocate and educator. He is Professor Emeritus of Biology at Duke University, where in 1966 he co-founded, with John Buettner-Janusch, the Duke Lemur Center (formerly Duke Primate Center). This facility houses the largest living collection of endangered primates in the world. Peter Klopfer is an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1963) and the Animal Behavior Society (1968). In 1979–80 he received the Humboldt Research Award for his achievements in the field of Sensory and Behavioral Biology. As a scientist Klopfer has authored, co-authored or edited twenty-five volumes and more than 125 peer-reviewed articles, most in the field of animal behavior. Among other contributions, Klopfer's research helped to establish the link between oxytocin and maternal attachment behavior and to initiate study of neural processes involved in hibernation among primates As a civil rights advocate Klopfer was jailed in 1964 for protesting segregated restaurant facilities in Orange County, North Carolina. He subsequently became the plaintiff in the 1967 United States Supreme Court case, Klopfer v. North Carolina, which upheld that the Speedy Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution applies to individual states in the same way as it does to the federal government. As an educator Klopfer and his wife, Martha Smith Klopfer, were among the Quakers who founded Carolina Friends School in 1962. CFS was one of the first schools in the modern South that welcomed children of all races. Biography Early life and education Peter Hubert Klopfer was the elder of two sons born to German immigrant parents, Hubert Robert Klopfer (1900–1937) and Edith Brauer (1896–1977). Shortly after the end of World War I, Hubert Klopfer studied economics at Columbia University. There, in the 1940s (and later at UCLA), his brother, Bruno Klopfer, taught psychology and popularized use in the U. S. of the Rorschach test. Peter Klopfer was raised in the suburbs of Philadelphia and attended Abington Friends School. When his father became ill with Hodgkin lymphoma, young Peter lived for several years with Alice and Thomas Knight, Hicksite Quaker elders in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, who were close friends of his father. Late in 1937, after Hubert Klopfer's death, the brothers and their mother settled in southern California. Edith Brauer supported her family by taking in boarders, chiefly older German women with connections to the film industry. As a teenager Klopfer attended Windsor Mountain School, an international boarding school in Lenox, Massachusetts, before matriculating at the University of California, Los Angeles, from which he earned a B.A. (with honors) in Biology in 1952. Here Klopfer was especially inspired by the "personal but unassuming" pedagogical style and "wide-ranging studies" of George A. Bartholomew. While an undergraduate at UCLA Klopfer's Quaker convictions led him to refuse conscription for military service during the Korean War. Returning his draft card resulted in a prison sentence; however, Judge Leon Yankwich, then Chief Judge of the United States District Court for