Caroline Quarlls
Caroline Quarlls (1826–1892) was the first enslaved person to travel through Wisconsin using the Underground Railroad. She reached Canada and freedom in 1842. Multiple abolitionists helped Caroline on her journey to Canada even as pursuers followed continuously. She married a freedman in Canada, becoming Caroline Quarlls Watkins. Early life Caroline Quarlls was born in St. Louis in 1826, enslaved by her paternal grandfather. Robert Pryor Quarlls (also Quarles), was her father and owner. Her mother had married a successful blacksmith who was born free. Quarll's mother and her sister were dead by the time she was sixteen, but Quarlls had been in contact with her stepfather who was very kind to her and talked with her about her plans to escape slavery. A housemaid in St. Louis, Quarlls looked like her half-siblings, but was not granted the same freedom as they were. Upon her father's passing, she was acquired by her new mistress, Robert's sister and her aunt, Mrs. Charles R. Hall. Quarlls was occasionally whipped and punished. Noted as being quite intelligent, she was able to read but had never learned to write. She was brought up doing fine sewing, embroidery, and waiting upon her mistress. Flight When Quarlls was a teenager, her mistress became angry with her for looking at her reflection in a mirror and cut her hair off. Determined to escape such assaults, she managed to gain permission from her mistress to see a sick girl. On July 4, 1842, the 16-year-old threw a bundle of clothes out a window, retrieved them, and walked down to the ferry to begin her journey along the Underground Railroad. She had taken $100 from her former master, and purchased a ticket for a steamboat to Alton, Illinois. Of mixed race, she was able to pass as a white girl. She traveled by stagecoach through Illinois to Milwaukee. She was pursued by slave catchers for the $300 () bounty placed on her. After staying around a week at the home of Robert Titball, a formerly enslaved barber, Titball told slavecatching-lawyers that Quarlls had been staying at her home. A Black boy who worked for him alerted Quarlls at Titball's bidding but did not take her to the place the barber suggested. Quarlls hid in a container in a boat as she was brought across the Milwaukee River by prominent attorney Asahel Finch. From Milwaukee, Quarlls was brought to Pewaukee, Wisconsin by Samuel Brown; the two traveled via an old rickety wagon. Brown transported Quarlls to the home of Lucinda and Samuel Daugherty in Lisbon, Waukesha County. She met up with Lyman Goodnow, a conductor on the Underground Railroad. At times she walked, and other times she hid under hay in a horse-drawn wagon. There were days of dusty trails and other times heavy rain. They traveled through stations on Wisconsin's Underground Railroad, including Prairieville (now Waukesha), Spring Prairie and Gardner's Prairie near Burlington and on to Illinois. The clerk of the steamboat that Quarlls took to Alton was liable to