Outline of history
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to history: History – discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented (the beginning of recorded history). Nature of history History can be described as all of the following: Academic discipline – body of knowledge given to – or received by – a disciple (student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has chosen to specialise in. one of the humanities – academic discipline that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences. Field of science – widely recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer reviewed research is published. There are many sociology-related scientific journals. Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society. Essence of history Chronology – science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as in historical timelines. Past – totality of events which occurred before a given point in time. The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future. The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience time, and is accessed through memory and recollection. The past is the domain of history. Time – measure in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them. Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension, along with the three spatial dimensions. History describes what happened where, but also when (in time) those events took place. Historical disciplines Archaeology – study of past human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data Archontology – study of historical offices and important positions in state, international, political, religious and other organizations and societies Art history – study of changes in and social context of art Chronology – locating events in time Cultural history – study of culture in the past Diplomatic history – study of the historical foreign policy and diplomacy of states History of science – study of the emergence and development of scientific inquiry Economic history – the study of economics in the past Environmental history – study of natural history and the human relationship with the natural world Futurology – study of the future: researches the medium to long-term future of societies and of the physical world Historiography – both the study of the methodology of historians and development of history as a discipline, and also to a body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques,