- the absence of a clear division of roles between the EU and its Member States in terms of the various policies (immigration, judicial cooperation and data protection) as well as between Member States (involved in full or in part in cooperation under the Schengen Accord),
- to, ka nav skaidras pienākumu sadales starp Eiropas Savienību un dalībvalstīm gan dažādās darbības jomās (imigrācija, tiesu iestāžu sadarbība, datu aizsardzība), gan starp valstīm (kas pilnībā vai daļēji piedalās Šengenas sadarbībā),