Nicholas Paul Wolterstorff (born January 21, 1932) is an American philosopher and theologian. He is currently Noah Porter Professor Emeritus of Philosophical Theology at Yale University. A prolific writer with wide-ranging philosophical and theological interests, he has written books on aesthetics, epistemology, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and philosophy of education. In Faith and Rationality, Wolterstorff, Alvin Plantinga, and William Alston developed and expanded upon a view of religious epistemology that has come to be known as Reformed epistemology. He also helped to establish the journal Faith and Philosophy and the Society of Christian Philosophers.

Biography 
Wolterstorff was born on January 21, 1932, to Dutch emigrants in a small farming community in southwest Minnesota. After earning his BA in philosophy at Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1953, he entered Harvard University, where he earned his MA and PhD in philosophy, completing his studies in 1956. He then spent a year at the University of Cambridge, where he met C. D. Broad. From 1957 to 1959, he was an instructor in philosophy at Yale University. Then he took the post of Professor of Philosophy at Calvin College and taught for 30 years. He is now teaching at Yale as Noah Porter Professor Emeritus Philosophical Theology.

In 1987 Wolterstorff published Lament for a Son after the untimely death of his 25-year-old son Eric in a mountain climbing accident. In a series of short essays, Wolterstorff recounts how he drew on his Christian faith to cope with his grief. Wolterstorff explained that he published the book "in the hope that it will be of help to some of those who find themselves with us in the company of mourners."

He has been a visiting professor at Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, the University of Oxford, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Texas, the University of Michigan, Temple University, the Free University of Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit), and the University of Virginia. In 2007, he received an honorary Doctorate in Philosophy from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He has been retired since June 2002.

Wolterstorff published his memoir with William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. in 2019, illustrating the close relationship between his personal life and his distinguished academic career.

Professional distinctions 
 Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, 1953
 Harvard Foundation Fellowship, 1954
 Josiah Royce Memorial Fellowship, Harvard University, 1954
 Fulbright Scholarship, 1957
 President of the American Philosophical Association (Central Division)
 President of the Society of Christian Philosophers
 Senior Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study in Culture, University of Virginia, 2005

Endowed lectureships 

 Kuyper Lectures, Free University of Amsterdam, 1981
 Wilde Lectures, University of Oxford, 1993
 Gifford Lectures: "Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology", St Andrews University, 1995
 Tate-Willson Lectures, Southern Methodist University, 1991
 Stone Lectures, Princeton Theological Seminary, 1998
 Lectures at Southern Seminary, Lecture #2, Lecture #3, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2000
 Taylor Lectures, Yale University, 2001
 Laing Lectures, Regent College, 2007

Personal life 
Nicholas Wolterstorff lives in Grand Rapids, Michigan, with his wife Claire. He has four grown children. His oldest son died in a mountain climbing accident at age 25. He has seven grandchildren.

Thought 
While an undergraduate at Calvin College, Wolterstorff was greatly influenced by professors William Harry Jellema, Henry Stob, and Henry Zylstra, who introduced him to schools of thought that have dominated his mature thinking: Reformed theology and common sense philosophy. (These have also influenced the thinking of his friend and colleague Alvin Plantinga, another alumnus of Calvin College).

Wolterstorff builds upon the ideas of the Scottish common-sense philosopher Thomas Reid, who approached knowledge "from the bottom-up". Instead of reasoning about transcendental conditions of knowledge, Wolterstorff suggests that knowledge and our knowing faculties are not the subject of our research but have to be seen as its starting point. He rejects classical foundationalism and instead sees knowledge as based upon insights in reality which are direct and indubitable. In Justice in Love, he rejects fundamentist notions of Christianity that hold to the necessity of the penal substitutionary atonement and justification by faith alone.

Bibliography

Selected writings 
 On Universals: An Essay in Ontology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1970.
 Reason within the Bounds of Religion. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1976. 2nd ed. 1984
 Works and Worlds of Art. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1980.
 Art in Action: Toward a Christian Aesthetic. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1980. 2nd ed. 1995
 Educating for Responsible Action.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1980.
 Until Justice and Peace Embrace. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 1983. 2nd ed. 1994.
 Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God (ed. with Alvin Plantinga). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1984.
 Lament for a Son. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1987.
 "Suffering Love" in Philosophy and the Christian Faith (ed.Thomas V. Morris). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1988.
 Divine Discourse: Philosophical Reflections on the Claim That God Speaks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995.
 John Locke and the Ethics of Belief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996.
 Religion in the Public Square (with Robert Audi). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 1997.
 Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
 Educating for Life: Reflections on Christian Teaching and Learning. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. 2002.
 "An Engagement with Rorty" in The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 129–139.
 Educating for Shalom: Essays on Christian Higher Education. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2004.
 Justice: Rights and Wrongs. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2008.
 Inquiring about God: Selected Essays, Volume I (ed. Terence Cuneo). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009.
 Practices of Belief: Selected Essays, Volume II (ed. Terence Cuneo). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009.
 Hearing the Call: Liturgy, Justice, Church, and World . William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2011.
 The Mighty and the Almighty: An Essay in Political Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2012.
 Journey toward Justice: Personal Encounters in the Global South. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. 2013.
 Understanding Liberal Democracy: Essays in Political Philosophy (ed. Terence Cuneo). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012.
 Art Rethought: The Social Practices of Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2015.
 Justice in Love. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2015.
 The God We Worship: An Exploration of Liturgical Theology. Grand Rapids:  William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2015.
 Acting Liturgically: Philosophical Reflections on Religious Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2018. 
 In This World of Wonders: Memoir of a Life in Learning. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2019.
 United in Love: Essays on Justice, Art, and Liturgy. (ed. Joshua Cockayne and Jonathan Rutledge). Eugene, OR: Cascade, Wipf & Stock. 2021

Secondary 
 Sloane, Andrew, On Being A Christian in the Academy: Nicholas Wolterstorff and the Practice of Christian Scholarship, Paternoster, Carlisle UK, 2003.

See also 

 American philosophy
 Christian philosophy
 Christian Reformed Church in North America

References

External links 
 Faculty page at Yale
 Interview from The Christian Century.
 "The Irony of It All" in The Hedgehog Review vol. 9, no. 3 (Fall 2007). Article discussing human dignity and justice.
 Lecture at Calvin College on "How Calvin Fathered a Renaissance in Christian Philosophy".
 Wolterstorff's Spiritual Autobiography from Clark, Kelly James, Philosophers Who Believe (Intervarsity Press, 1993).
 Theology and Ethics Contains many PDF files of Wolterstorff's work not available elsewhere.
 Art in Action: New Thoughts Lecture at the 2009 International Arts Movement.
 Lectures by Wolterstorff from the C.S. Lewis Institute.
 Faith and Philosophy
 Society of Christian Philosophers

1932 births
20th-century American philosophers
20th-century American theologians
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
21st-century American philosophers
21st-century American theologians
21st-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American members of the Christian Reformed Church in North America
Analytic theologians
Calvin University alumni
Calvin University faculty
Calvinist and Reformed philosophers
Critics of atheism
Epistemologists
Epistemology of religion
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Living people
Metaphysicians
Philosophers of art
Philosophers of education
Philosophers of religion
Political philosophers
Presidents of the Society of Christian Philosophers
Yale University faculty
니컬러스 월터스토프(Nicholas Paul Wolterstorff, 1932년 1월 21일 ~ )는 미국의 기독교 철학자이다.

경력 
.1932년 미네소타 비글로의 네덜란드 이민자 가정에서 태어났다. 아버지 Matthew(목공)와 Agnes(Feenstra)사이에서 태어났다. 월터스토프는 1955년 6월 25일 Claire Kingma(작가이자 대중 연설가)와 결혼하여 자녀로서 에이미, 에릭(사망), 로버트, 니콜라스, 크리스토퍼를 두었다. 자서전인 경이로운 세상에서(복있는사람)에 의하면 비글로는 농촌이었으며, 주일(일요일)마다 네덜란드 이민자들이 자신들의 종교전통인 개혁교회 예전에 따라 예배를 드렸다고 한다.

캘빈 칼리지(B.A.)와 하버드 대학교(Ph.D.)에서 철학을 전공한 후, 캘빈 칼리지에서 30년간 가르치면서 기독교 철학의 또 다른 거장인 앨빈 플랜팅가와 함께 ‘기독교 인식론’을 정립하는 데 크게 기여했다.

프린스턴, 미시간, 시카고, 노트르담 대학교의 초빙교수와 네덜란드 자유 대학교의 아브라함 카이퍼 석좌교수, 예일 대학교에서 노아 포터 석좌교수를 역임했고, 미국 철학회 회장(1991)과 미국 기독교 철학회 회장(1992-1995)을 지냈다. 옥스퍼드 대학교 와일드(Wilde) 강좌(1993)와 스코틀랜드 세인트앤드루스 대학교의 기포드 강연 (Gifford)에 1995년 초빙되어 강연했다.

철학적 및 신학적 관심에 광범위한 작가로서 신학, 미학, 존재론, 인식론, 정치 철학, 종교 철학, 형이상학 및 교육 철학에 관한 많은 책을 저술했다. 신앙과 이성에서 월터스토프는 앨빈 플랜팅가, 윌리엄 올스턴과 함께 개혁주의 인식론으로 알려진 종교 인식론의 관점을 발전시키고 확장했다. 또한 '신앙과 철학' 저널과 기독교 철학회 설립을 도왔다. 번역서로는 《정의와 평화가 입맞출 때까지》(IVP), 《나는 사랑하는 사람을 잃었습니다》(좋은씨앗)을 포함한 다수의 저서가 있다. 부인인 클레어(Claire Kingma Wolterstorff) 사제는 1986년 사제서품을 받은 미국 성공회 사제이다.

사상 
그는 칼빈대학의 학부 시절 젤레마(William Harry Jellema) 교수, 스톱(Henry Stob) 교수, 그리고 질스트라(Henry Zylstra) 교수의 영향을 크게 받았다. 그들은 그에게 사려깊은 사고를 지배했던 사상의 학파, 즉 개혁신학과 상식철학으로 인도했다. 이 사상이 바로 월터스토프의 친구이자 동료인 앨빈 플랜팅가에게도 영향을 주었다.
월터스토프는 "완전히 밑바닥부터" 지식에 접근하는 스코틀랜드의 상식 철학자 인 토머스 리드의 개념을 구축했다.
지식의 초월적 조건에 대한 추론보다는 그는 지식과 우리가 알고 있는 기능들이 우리 연구의 주제가 아니라 우리의 연구의 출발점으로 이해되어야 할 것을 제안하였다. 월터스토프는 고전적 기초주의를 거부하고 대신 직접적이며 의심의 여지가 없는 현실속의 통찰력에 근거한 지식을 인식한다

주요 작품 
 On Universals: An Essay in Ontology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1970.
 Reason within the Bounds of Religion. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1976. 2nd ed. 1984
 Works and Worlds of Art. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1980.
 Art in Action: Toward a Christian Aesthetic. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1980. 2nd ed. 1995
 Educating for Responsible Action. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1980.
 Until Justice and Peace Embrace. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 1983. 2nd ed. 1994.
 Faith and Rationality: Reason and Belief in God (ed. with Alvin Plantinga). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1984.
 Lament for a Son. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1987.
 "Suffering Love" in Philosophy and the Christian Faith (ed.Thomas V. Morris). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. 1988.
 Divine Discourse: Philosophical Reflections on the Claim That God Speaks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995.
 John Locke and the Ethics of Belief. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996.
 Religion in the Public Square (with Robert Audi). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 1997.
 Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
 Educating for Life: Reflections on Christian Teaching and Learning. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. 2002.
 "An Engagement with Rorty" in The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 129–139.
 Educating for Shalom: Essays on Christian Higher Education. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2004.
 Justice: Rights and Wrongs. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2008.
 Inquiring about God: Selected Essays, Volume I (ed. Terence Cuneo). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009.
 Practices of Belief: Selected Essays, Volume II (ed. Terence Cuneo). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009.
 Justice in Love. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2011.
 The Mighty and the Almighty: An Essay in Political Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2012.
 Understanding Liberal Democracy: Essays in Political Philosophy (ed. Terence Cuneo). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012.
 Art Rethought: The Social Practices of Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2015.
 In This World of Wonders:Meoir of a Life in Learning,Wm. B, Eerdmans Publishing Company(2019):《경이로운 세상에서:니콜라스 월터스토프 자서전》,홍종락 옮김, 복있는 사람, 2020년 6월 10일 초판 1쇄 인쇄.

같이 보기 
 앨빈 플랜팅가
 윌리엄 알스턴(William Alston),
 리차드 마우
 신국원

외부 링크 
 Faculty page at Yale
 Interview from The Christian Century.
 "The Irony of It All" in The Hedgehog Review vol. 9, no. 3 (Fall 2007). Article discussing human dignity and justice.
 Lecture at Calvin College on "How Calvin Fathered a Renaissance in Christian Philosophy".
 Wolterstorff's Spiritual Autobiography from Clark, Kelly James, Philosophers Who Believe (Intervarsity Press, 1993).
 Theology and Ethics Contains many PDF files of Wolterstorff's work not available elsewhere.
 Art in Action: New Thoughts Lecture at the 2009 International Arts Movement.
 Lectures by Wolterstorff from the C.S. Lewis Institute.
 Faith and Philosophy
 Society of Christian Philosophers

1932년 출생
살아있는 사람
네덜란드계 미국인
미국의 대학 교수
개신교 철학자
칼뱅주의
하버드 대학교 동문
예일 대학교 교수
20세기 개신교 신학자
21세기 개신교 신학자
캘빈 대학교 동문
풀브라이트 장학생