Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chaminade (8 August 1857 – 13 April 1944) was a French composer and pianist. In 1913, she was awarded the Légion d'Honneur, a first for a female composer. Ambroise Thomas said, "This is not a woman who composes, but a composer who is a woman."

Biography
Born in Paris, Chaminade was raised in a musical family. She received her first piano lessons from her mother. Around age 10, Chaminade was assessed by Félix Le Couppey of the Conservatoire de Paris, who recommended that she study music at the Conservatoire. Her father forbade it because he believed it was improper for a girl of Chaminade's class. Her father did, however, allow Chaminade to study privately with teachers from the Conservatoire: piano with Le Couppey, violin with Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard and Martin Pierre Marsick, and music composition with Benjamin Godard.

Chaminade experimented in composition as a young child, composing pieces for her cats, dogs and dolls. In 1869, she performed some of her music for Georges Bizet, who was impressed with her talents. In 1878, Chaminade gave a salon performance under the auspices of her professor, Le Couppey, consisting entirely of her compositions. This performance marked the beginning of her emergence as a composer and became the archetype for the concerts she gave for the rest of her career in which she only performed her own works. Her Concertino, Op. 107, is an important work in the flute repertoire.

During the 1870s and 1880s several of her works were programmed by the prestigious Société nationale de musique. She toured France several times in her early years. In 1892, she debuted in England, where her work was popular. Isidor Philipp, head of the piano department at the Conservatoire de Paris, championed her works. She repeatedly returned to England in the 1890s, premiering her compositions with such singers as Blanche Marchesi; and Pol Plançon; this activity decreased after 1899 due to poor reviews.

Chaminade married a music publisher from Marseille, Louis-Mathieu Carbonel, in 1901. Due to his advanced age, this was rumored to be a convenience and Chaminade prescribed strict marriage conditions - they were to live separately, Carbonel in Marseille, and she near Paris, and their marriage was to remain platonic. Carbonel died in 1907 from a lung disease. Chaminade never remarried.

In 1908, she performed concerts in twelve cities in the United States. Her compositions were tremendous favorites with the American public, and such pieces as the Scarf Dance or the Ballet No. 1 were to be found in the music libraries of many lovers of piano music of the time. She composed a Konzertstück for piano and orchestra, the ballet music to Callirhoé and other orchestral works. Her songs, such as The Silver Ring and Ritournelle, were also great favorites. Ambroise Thomas once said of Chaminade: "This is not a woman who composes, but a composer who is a woman." In 1913, she was elected a Chevalier of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (French: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), a first for a female composer. In London in November 1901, she made gramophone recordings of seven of her compositions for the Gramophone and Typewriter Company; these are among the most sought-after piano recordings by collectors, though they have been reissued on compact disk. Before and after World War I, Chaminade recorded many piano rolls, but as she grew older, she composed less and less, dying in Monte Carlo on 13 April 1944, where she was first buried. Chaminade is now buried in Passy Cemetery in Paris.

Chaminade was relegated to obscurity for the second half of the 20th century, her piano pieces and songs mostly forgotten, with the exception being the Flute Concertino in D major, Op. 107, composed for the 1902 Paris Conservatoire Concours; it is her most popular piece today.

Chaminade's sister married Moritz Moszkowski, also a well-known composer and pianist like Cécile.

Critical reception
Many of Chaminade's piano compositions received good reviews from critics, some of her other endeavors and more serious works were less favourably evaluated, perhaps on account of gender prejudices. Most of her compositions were published during her lifetime and were financially successful.

Compositional style
Chaminade affiliated herself with nationalist composers such as Camille Saint-Saëns and Charles Gounod. Her musical style was rooted in both Romantic and French tradition throughout her career and her music has been described as tuneful, highly accessible and mildly chromatic. In describing her own style, Chaminade wrote, "I am essentially of the Romantic school, as all my work shows."

Important works

Opera 
Op. 19 La Sévillane, comic opera (1882)

Orchestral 
Op. 20 Suite d'Orchestre (1881)
Op. 26 Symphonie Dramatique Les Amazones" (1884)
Op. 37 Callirhoë, ballet symphonique (1888)
Op. 40 Konzertstück in C-sharp minor for piano and orchestra (1888)
Op. 107 Concertino for flute and orchestra in D major (1902)

Piano 
Op. 21 Piano Sonata in C minor (1893)
Op. 35 Six Études de Concert (Enoch) (1886)
Op. 54 Lolita. Caprice espagnol (Enoch) 1890
Op. 60 Les Sylvains (Enoch) (1892)
Op. 89 Thème varié (1898)
Op. 120 Variations sur un thème original (1906)
Op. 117 Duo Symphonique for 2 pianos (1905)
Op. 123 Album des enfants, première série (1906)
Op. 126 Album des enfants, deuxième série (1907)

Piano Duets 
Op. 55  Six Pièces Romantiques, Op. 55 (1890)

Two Pianos Four Hands 

Op. 19 La Sevillane 
Op. 36 Deux Pièces for 2 Pianos, 
Op. 59 Andante et Scherzettino
Op. 73 Valse Carnavalesque(1894)
Op.117 Duo Symphonique 
WU 19 Marche Hongroise (1880),unpublished

Chamber music 
Op. 11 Piano Trio No. 1 in G minor (1880)
Op. 34 Piano Trio No. 2 in A minor (1886)
Op. 142 Sérénade aux étoiles for Flute and Piano (1911?)

Songs 

"Chanson slave" (1890)
"Les rêves" (1891)
"Te souviens-tu?" (1878)
"Auprès de ma mie" (1888)
"Voisinage" (1888)
"Nice la belle" (1889)
"Rosemonde" (1878)
"L'anneau d'argent" (1891)
"Plaintes d'amour" (1891)
"Viens, mon bien-aimé" (1892)
"L'Amour captif" (1893)
"Ma première lettre" (1893)
"Malgré nous" (1893)
"Si j'étais jardinier" (1893)
"L'Été" (1894)
"Mignonne" (1894)
"Sombrero" (1894)
"Villanelle" (1894)
"Espoir" (1895)
"Ronde d'amour" (1895)
"Chanson triste" (1898)
"Mots d'amour" (1898)
"Alléluia" (1901)
"Écrin" (1902)
"Bonne humeur!" (1903)
"Menuet" (1904)
"La lune paresseuse" (1905)
"Je voudrais" (1912)
"Attente (Au pays de provence)" (1914)

References

External links

 Free digital scores by Cécile Chaminade in the OpenScore Lieder Corpus
Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation)

Stanford University Piano Roll Archive SUPRA 

1857 births
1944 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century French women classical pianists
19th-century French composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century French composers
20th-century French women musicians
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
French women classical composers
French Romantic composers
Musicians from Paris
20th-century women composers
19th-century women composers
20th-century women pianists
세실 루이즈 스테파니 샤미나드 (Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chaminade, 1857년 8월 8일 ~ 1944년 4월 13일)는 프랑스의 작곡가이자 피아니스트이다. 1913년 그녀는 여성 작곡가로서는 처음으로 레지옹 도뇌르를 수상했다. 앙브루아즈 토마는 "이 사람은 작곡을 하는 여성이 아니라 여성인 작곡가다"라고 말했다.

전기 
파리에서 태어나, 그녀의 어머니와 함께 처음 공부하였고, 다음에는 펠릭스 르 쿠페와 피아노, 마리 가브리엘 아우구스틴 사바르, 마틴 피에르 마시크와 바이올린, 그리고 벤자민 고다드와 음악 작곡을 공부하였다.

작곡에 대한 그녀의 첫 번째 실험은 아주 초기에 이루어졌으며 그녀의 음악 중 일부를 그녀의 재능에 깊은 감명을 받은 조르주 비제에게 연주했다. 그녀는 18세에 첫 콘서트를 가졌고, 그때부터 작곡가로서의 그녀의 작업은 꾸준히 인기를 얻었다. 그녀는 대부분 피아노와 살롱 노래를 위한 캐릭터 곡을 썼으며 거의 모든 것이 출판되었다. 그러나 그녀의 협주곡 Op. 107은 플루트 레퍼토리의 중요한 부분이다.

그녀는 초기에 여러 번 프랑스를 여행했으며 1892년 그녀의 작품이 매우 인기가 있었던 영국에서 데뷔했다.  파리 음악원의 피아노 학과장인 이시도르 필립(Isidor Philipp)은 그녀의 작품을 옹호했다. 그녀는 1890년대에 반복적으로 영국으로 돌아와서 여러 가수들과 함께 초연을 했지만 이 활동은 1899년 이후 나쁜 비평으로 인해 감소했다.

샤미나드는 1901년 마르세유 출신의 음악 출판사인 루이-마티외 카르보넬과 결혼했으며, 그의 고령으로 인해 결혼 생활은 편리 하다는 소문이 돌았다. 그는 1907년에 사망했고 샤미나드는 재혼하지 않았다.

1908년에 그녀는 미국을 방문하여 열렬한 환영을 받았다. 그녀의 작곡은 미국 대중에게 엄청난 인기를 끌었고 스카프 댄스 나 발레 1번 과 같은 작품은 당시 피아노 음악을 사랑하는 많은 사람들의 음악 라이브러리에서 찾을 수 있었다. 그녀는 구성 Konzertstück을 피아노와 오케스트라, 위해 발레 음악 Callirhoé 및 기타 오케스트라 작품. Silver Ring 및 Ritournelle 과 같은 그녀의 노래도 큰 인기를 얻었다. 앙브루아즈 토마는 샤미나드에 대해 이렇게 말했다. "이 사람은 작곡을 하는 여성이 아니라 여성인 작곡가이다." 1913년에 그녀는 여성 작곡가로서는 처음 레지옹 도뇌르 훈장을 받았다. 1901년 11월 런던에서 그녀는 Gramophone and Typewriter Company를 위해 작곡한 7곡을 축음기로 녹음했다. 이것은 컴팩트 디스크로 재발행되었지만 수집가들이 가장 많이 찾는 피아노 녹음 중 하나이다. 제1차 세계 대전 전후에 샤미나드는 피아노 롤을 녹음했지만 나이가 들어감에 따라 작곡도 점점 줄어들었고 1944년 4월 13일 몬테카를로에서 세상을 떠났고 그곳에서 처음 묻혔다. 샤미나드는 현재 파리의 Passy Cemetery에 묻혔다.

와 함께 20세기 후반에 불명확한 상태가 되었고, 그녀의 피아노 작품과 노래는 대부분 잊혀졌다. 1902년 파리 음악원 콩쿠르를 위해 작곡된 샤미나드는 플루트 협주곡 D장조 Op. 107은 오늘날 그녀의 가장 인기 있는 작품이다.

중요 작품

오페라 
Op. 19 La Sévillane, comic opera (1882)

오케스트라 
Op. 20 Suite d'Orchestre (1881)
Op. 26 Symphonie Dramatique Les Amazones" (1884)
Op. 37 Callirhoë, ballet symphonique (1888)
Op. 40 Konzertstück in C-sharp minor for piano and orchestra (1888)
Op. 107 Concertino for flute and orchestra in D major (1902)

피아노 
Op. 21 Piano Sonata in C minor (1893)
Op. 35 Six Études de Concert (Enoch) (1886)
Op. 54 Lolita. Caprice espagnol (Enoch) 1890
Op. 89 Thème varié (1898)
Op. 120 Variations sur un thème original (1906)
Op. 117 Duo Symphonique for 2 pianos (1905)
Op. 123 Album des enfants, première série (1906)
Op. 126 Album des enfants, deuxième série (1907)

Piano Duets 
Op. 55  Six Pièces Romantiques, Op. 55 (1890)

Two Pianos Four Hands 

Op. 19 La Sevillane
Op. 36 Deux Pièces for 2 Pianos,
Op. 59 Andante et Scherzettino
Op. 73 Valse Carnavalesque(1894)
Op.117 Duo Symphonique
WU 19 Marche Hongroise (1880),unpublished

실내악 
Op. 11 Piano Trio No. 1 in G minor (1880)
Op. 34 Piano Trio No. 2 in A minor (1886)
Op. 142 Sérénade aux étoiles for Flute and Piano (1911?)

노래 

"Chanson slave" (1890)
"Les rêves" (1891)
"Te souviens-tu?" (1878)
"Auprès de ma mie" (1888)
"Voisinage" (1888)
"Nice la belle" (1889)
"Rosemonde" (1878)
"L'anneau d'argent" (1891)
"Plaintes d'amour" (1891)
"Viens, mon bien-aimé" (1892)
"L'Amour captif" (1893)
"Ma première lettre" (1893)
"Malgré nous" (1893)
"Si j'étais jardinier" (1893)
"L'Été" (1894)
"Mignonne" (1894)
"Sombrero" (1894)
"Villanelle" (1894)
"Espoir" (1895)
"Ronde d'amour" (1895)
"Chanson triste" (1898)
"Mots d'amour" (1898)
"Alléluia" (1901)
"Écrin" (1902)
"Bonne humeur!" (1903)
"Menuet" (1904)
"La lune paresseuse" (1905)
"Je voudrais" (1912)
"Attente (Au pays de provence)" (1914)

참고 문헌

외부 링크 

 
 
 Free digital scores by Cécile Chaminade in the OpenScore Lieder Corpus
 Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation)
 
 
 Stanford University Piano Roll Archive SUPRA 

파리 출신 음악가
프랑스의 클래식 작곡가
파리 음악원 동문
20세기 클래식 작곡가
19세기 클래식 작곡가
1944년 사망
1857년 출생