The 40th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 1 minute and 28 seconds during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 20 minutes during the winter solstice. On 21 June, the maximum altitude of the sun is 73.44 degrees, while it's 26.56 degrees on 21 December.

The maximum altitude of the Sun is > 35.00º in October and > 28.00º in November.

The 40th parallel north is the southern baseline for Canada's National Topographic System.

Around the world
Starting in Spain at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 40° north passes through:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="125" | Co-ordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Valencian Community
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of the island of Majorca, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Menorca
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Sardinia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Tyrrhenian Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Campania
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Policastro
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Basilicata, Calabria
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Taranto
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Apulia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Strait of Otranto
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|Passing just north of Sarandë and just south of Gjirokastër
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Kassandra and Sithonia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Lemnos
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mediterranean Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Aegean Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing just north of Ankara
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Verin Artashat and Norashen, Ararat
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing through Karabakh and Kur-Araz Lowland
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Caspian Sea
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| For about 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Sokh exclave - for about 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Shohimardon exclave - for about 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Xinjiang  Gansu  Inner Mongolia  Shanxi  Hebei  Beijing (passing just north of the city centre)  Hebei  Tianjin  Hebei  Liaoning (for about )
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Liaodong Bay, Yellow Sea
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Liaoning (Liaodong Peninsula)
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
|North Pyeongan Province - Passing through Sinuiju Jagang ProvinceSouth Hamgyeong Province - Passing just north of Hamheung
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Mayang Island
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Sea of Japan
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Island of Honshū— Akita Prefecture— Iwate Prefecture
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| California - passing  south of Shelter Cove  Nevada Utah Colorado - passing through Boulder Nebraska / Kansas border Missouri Illinois Indiana - passing through Hoosier Hill, the state high point Ohio - passing through Columbus West Virginia Pennsylvania - passing through Philadelphia New Jersey - passing through Toms River
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Atlantic Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just north of Corvo Island, Azores, 
|-
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Passing near Figueira da Foz and Coimbra
|-
|-valign="top"
| 
! scope="row" | 
| Extremadura Castile-La Mancha Community of Madrid - for about  Castile-La Mancha Valencian Community - Rincón de Ademuz exclave, for about  Castile-La Mancha - for about  Aragon Valencian Community
|}

United States

The parallel 40° north formed the boundary between the Kansas and Nebraska territories, as per the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. It remains the boundary between the modern states of Kansas and Nebraska.

The parallel 40° north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.  A subsequent royal grant gave the Colony of Pennsylvania land north of the 40th parallel but mistakenly assumed it would intersect the Twelve Mile Circle, which it does not. Pennsylvania's border was thus unclear and the colony pushed for a border far south of the 40th parallel. The Mason–Dixon Line was drawn between 1763 and 1767 as the compromise boundary between the overlapping claims of these two colonies.

The parallel 40° north passes through the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Columbus, Ohio; as well as northern suburbs of Indianapolis, Indiana and Boulder, Colorado and the southern suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The parallel goes directly through the John Glenn Columbus International Airport, with runway 10L-28R lying immediately north of the line, runway 10R-28L lying slightly south of it, and the line going through the northernmost edges of the terminal. It also passes through the main campus of The Ohio State University; specifically, it cuts directly across the Oval greenspace, between University Hall and the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library. Ohio Stadium, one of the largest stadiums in the world, barely misses the parallel 40° north (6 seconds or  above 40° north).

Baseline Road in Boulder, Colorado, traces the parallel 40° north.

Thistle, Utah, a ghost town since 1983, is slightly (30 seconds or ) below 40° north.

Japan

Gallery

See also
40th parallel south
39th parallel north
41st parallel north
Baseline (surveying)
Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel

References

n40
Geographic history of the United States
Borders of Nebraska
Borders of Kansas
북위 40도는 적도에서 40도 북쪽을 지나는 위선이다. 유럽, 지중해, 아시아, 태평양, 북아메리카, 대서양을 지난다.

본초 자오선에서 동쪽 방향으로, 북위 40도선은 다음 지역을 지난다.

{| class="wikitable"
! width="155" | 좌표
! 나라, 지역, 해역
! 주석
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 의 마요르카섬 바로 북쪽을 지난다.
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 메노르카섬
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
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| 사르데냐섬
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 티레니아해
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 폴리카스트로만
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 타란토만
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
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|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 지중해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 오트란토 해협
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 에게해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 카산드라반도와 시토니아반도
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 에게해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| 림노스섬
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| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 에게해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 앙카라의 바로 북쪽을 지난다.
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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|
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 나고르노카라바흐 공화국을 지난다.
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 카스피해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
|
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 약 9 km
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 소흐 월경지 - 약 7 km
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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| 쇼히마르돈 월경지 - 약 4 km
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
|
|-valign="top"
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 신장 위구르 자치구  간쑤성  내몽골 자치구  산시성 (산서성)  허베이성  베이징시(도심의 바로 북쪽을 지난다)  허베이성  톈진시  허베이성  랴오닝성(약 8km)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:75%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 황해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 랴오둥 만
|-
| style = "font-size:75%" | 
| 
| 랴오닝성(랴오둥반도)
|-
| style = "font-size:75%" | 
| 
| 평안북도  평안남도  자강도  평안남도  함경남도
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:75%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 동해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 홍원만
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| style = "font-size:75%" | 
| 
| 마양도
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 동해
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| style = "font-size:75%" | 
| 
| 혼슈섬(아키타현, 이와테현)
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:75%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 태평양
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
| 캘리포니아주 네바다주 유타주 콜로라도주 네브래스카주/캔자스주 경계 미주리주 일리노이주 인디애나주 오하이오주 웨스트버지니아주 펜실베이니아주 뉴저지주
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6; font-size:80%" | 
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | 대서양
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |  아소르스 제도의 코르부섬 바로 북쪽을 지난다.
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
| 
|
|-
| style = "font-size:80%" | 
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|}

미국 

북위 40도는 미국 캔자스주와 네브래스카주의 주 경계이다. 캔자스 준주와 네브래스카 준주는 1854년 5월 30일에 통과된 캔자스·네브래스카 법에 따라 북위 40도를 경계로 만들어졌으며 두 준주가 노예 제도를 허용할 지의 여부는 주민 투표를 통해 결정하도록 했다. 캔자스를 노예주로 할 지, 자유주로 할 지에 대한 논란은 노예제 찬성론자와 반대론자의 충돌을 가져왔고, 결국 남북 전쟁의 빌미가 되었다.

같이 보기 
 북위 39도
 북위 41도

위선
미국의 지리사