The Duchess of Malfi

ACT I SCENE I

[1]

       [Enter] ANTONIO and DELIO

  DELIO.  You are welcome to your country, dear Antonio;
  You have been long in France, and you return
  A very formal Frenchman in your habit:
  How do you like the French court?

  ANTONIO.                          I admire it:
  In seeking to reduce both state and people
  To a fix'd order, their judicious king
  Begins at home; quits first his royal palace
  Of flattering sycophants, of dissolute
  And infamous persons,--which he sweetly terms
  His master's master-piece, the work of heaven;
  Considering duly that a prince's court
  Is like a common fountain, whence should flow
  Pure silver drops in general, but if 't chance
  Some curs'd example poison 't near the head,
  Death and diseases through the whole land spread.
  And what is 't makes this blessed government
  But a most provident council, who dare freely
  Inform him the corruption of the times?
  Though some o' the court hold it presumption
  To instruct princes what they ought to do,
  It is a noble duty to inform them
  What they ought to foresee.[2]--Here comes Bosola,
  The only court-gall; yet I observe his railing
  Is not for simple love of piety:
  Indeed, he rails at those things which he wants;
  Would be as lecherous, covetous, or proud,
  Bloody, or envious, as any man,
  If he had means to be so.--Here's the cardinal.

       [Enter CARDINAL and BOSOLA]

  BOSOLA.  I do haunt you still.

  CARDINAL.  So.

  BOSOLA.  I have done you better service than to be slighted thus.
  Miserable age, where only the reward of doing well is the doing
  of it!

  CARDINAL.  You enforce your merit too much.

  BOSOLA.  I fell into the galleys in your service:  where, for two
  years together, I wore two towels instead of a shirt, with a knot
  on the shoulder, after the fashion of a Roman mantle.  Slighted thus!
  I will thrive some way.  Black-birds fatten best in hard weather;
  why not I in these dog-days?

  CARDINAL.  Would you could become honest!

  BOSOLA.  With all your divinity do but direct me the way to it.
  I have known many travel far for it, and yet return as arrant knaves
  as they went forth, because they carried themselves always along with
  them.  [Exit CARDINAL.] Are you gone?  Some fellows, they say,
  are possessed with the devil, but this great fellow were able
  to possess the greatest devil, and make him worse.

  ANTONIO.  He hath denied thee some suit?

  BOSOLA.  He and his brother are like plum-trees that grow crooked
  over standing-pools; they are rich and o'erladen with fruit, but none
  but crows, pies, and caterpillars feed on them.  Could I be one
  of their flattering panders, I would hang on their ears like a
  horseleech, till I were full, and then drop off.  I pray, leave me.
  Who would rely upon these miserable dependencies, in expectation
  to be advanc'd to-morrow?  What creature ever fed worse than hoping
  Tantalus?  Nor ever died any man more fearfully than he that hoped
  for a pardon.  There are rewards for hawks and dogs when they have
  done us service; but for a soldier that hazards his limbs in a
  battle, nothing but a kind of geometry is his last supportation.

  DELIO.  Geometry?

  BOSOLA.  Ay, to hang in a fair pair of slings, take his latter swing
  in the world upon an honourable pair of crutches, from hospital
  to hospital.  Fare ye well, sir:  and yet do not you scorn us;
  for places in the court are but like beds in the hospital, where
  this man's head lies at that man's foot, and so lower and lower.
       [Exit.]

  DELIO.  I knew this fellow seven years in the galleys
  For a notorious murder; and 'twas thought
  The cardinal suborn'd it:  he was releas'd
  By the French general, Gaston de Foix,
  When he recover'd Naples.

  ANTONIO.                  'Tis great pity
  He should be thus neglected:  I have heard
  He 's very valiant.  This foul melancholy
  Will poison all his goodness; for, I 'll tell you,
  If too immoderate sleep be truly said
  To be an inward rust unto the soul,
  If then doth follow want of action
  Breeds all black malcontents; and their close rearing,
  Like moths in cloth, do hurt for want of wearing.

SCENE II

       ANTONIO, DELIO, [Enter SILVIO, CASTRUCCIO, JULIA, RODERIGO
       and GRISOLAN]

  DELIO.  The presence 'gins to fill:  you promis'd me
  To make me the partaker of the natures
  Of some of your great courtiers.

  ANTONIO.                          The lord cardinal's
  And other strangers' that are now in court?
  I shall.--Here comes the great Calabrian duke.

       [Enter FERDINAND and Attendants]

  FERDINAND.  Who took the ring oftenest?[4]

  SILVIO.  Antonio Bologna, my lord.

  FERDINAND.  Our sister duchess' great-master of her household?
  Give him the jewel.--When shall we leave this sportive action,
  and fall to action indeed?

  CASTRUCCIO.  Methinks, my lord, you should not desire to go to war
  in person.

  FERDINAND.  Now for some gravity.--Why, my lord?

  CASTRUCCIO.  It is fitting a soldier arise to be a prince, but not
  necessary a prince descend to be a captain.

  FERDINAND.  No?

  CASTRUCCIO.  No, my lord; he were far better do it by a deputy.

  FERDINAND.  Why should he not as well sleep or eat by a deputy?
  This might take idle, offensive, and base office from him, whereas
  the other deprives him of honour.

  CASTRUCCIO.  Believe my experience, that realm is never long in quiet
  where the ruler is a soldier.

  FERDINAND.  Thou toldest me thy wife could not endure fighting.

  CASTRUCCIO.  True, my lord.

  FERDINAND.  And of a jest she broke of[5] a captain she met full of
  wounds:  I have forgot it.

  CASTRUCCIO.  She told him, my lord, he was a pitiful fellow, to lie,
  like the children of Ismael, all in tents.[6]

  FERDINAND.  Why, there's a wit were able to undo all the
  chirurgeons[7] o' the city; for although gallants should quarrel,
  and had drawn their weapons, and were ready to go to it, yet her
  persuasions would make them put up.

  CASTRUCCIO.  That she would, my lord.--How do you like my Spanish
  gennet?[8]

  RODERIGO.  He is all fire.

  FERDINAND.  I am of Pliny's opinion, I think he was begot
  by the wind; he runs as if he were ballass'd[9] with quicksilver.

  SILVIO.  True, my lord, he reels from the tilt often.

  RODERIGO, GRISOLAN.  Ha, ha, ha!

  FERDINAND.  Why do you laugh?  Methinks you that are courtiers
  should be my touch-wood, take fire when I give fire; that is,
  laugh when I laugh, were the subject never so witty.

  CASTRUCCIO.  True, my lord:  I myself have heard a very good jest,
  and have scorn'd to seem to have so silly a wit as to understand it.

  FERDINAND.  But I can laugh at your fool, my lord.

  CASTRUCCIO.  He cannot speak, you know, but he makes faces; my lady
  cannot abide him.

  FERDINAND.  No?

  CASTRUCCIO.  Nor endure to be in merry company; for she says too much
  laughing, and too much company, fills her too full of the wrinkle.

  FERDINAND.  I would, then, have a mathematical instrument made
  for her face, that she might not laugh out of compass.--I shall
  shortly visit you at Milan, Lord Silvio.

  SILVIO.  Your grace shall arrive most welcome.

  FERDINAND.  You are a good horseman, Antonio; you have excellent
  riders in France:  what do you think of good horsemanship?

  ANTONIO.  Nobly, my lord:  as out of the Grecian horse issued many
  famous princes, so out of brave horsemanship arise the first sparks
  of growing resolution, that raise the mind to noble action.

  FERDINAND.  You have bespoke it worthily.

  SILVIO.  Your brother, the lord cardinal, and sister duchess.

       [Enter CARDINAL, with DUCHESS, and CARIOLA]

  CARDINAL.  Are the galleys come about?

  GRISOLAN.                               They are, my lord.

  FERDINAND.  Here 's the Lord Silvio is come to take his leave.

  DELIO.  Now, sir, your promise:  what 's that cardinal?
  I mean his temper?  They say he 's a brave fellow,
  Will play his five thousand crowns at tennis, dance,
  Court ladies, and one that hath fought single combats.

  ANTONIO.  Some such flashes superficially hang on him for form;
  but observe his inward character:  he is a melancholy churchman.
  The spring in his face is nothing but the engend'ring of toads;
  where he is jealous of any man, he lays worse plots for them than
  ever was impos'd on Hercules, for he strews in his way flatterers,
  panders, intelligencers, atheists, and a thousand such political
  monsters.  He should have been Pope; but instead of coming to it
  by the primitive decency of the church, he did bestow bribes
  so largely and so impudently as if he would have carried it away
  without heaven's knowledge.  Some good he hath done----

  DELIO.  You have given too much of him.  What 's his brother?

  ANTONIO.  The duke there?  A most perverse and turbulent nature.
  What appears in him mirth is merely outside;
  If he laught heartily, it is to laugh
  All honesty out of fashion.

  DELIO.                       Twins?

  ANTONIO.                             In quality.
  He speaks with others' tongues, and hears men's suits
  With others' ears; will seem to sleep o' the bench
  Only to entrap offenders in their answers;
  Dooms men to death by information;
  Rewards by hearsay.

  DELIO.              Then the law to him
  Is like a foul, black cobweb to a spider,--
  He makes it his dwelling and a prison
  To entangle those shall feed him.

  ANTONIO.                           Most true:
  He never pays debts unless they be shrewd turns,
  And those he will confess that he doth owe.
  Last, for this brother there, the cardinal,
  They that do flatter him most say oracles
  Hang at his lips; and verily I believe them,
  For the devil speaks in them.
  But for their sister, the right noble duchess,
  You never fix'd your eye on three fair medals
  Cast in one figure, of so different temper.
  For her discourse, it is so full of rapture,
  You only will begin then to be sorry
  When she doth end her speech, and wish, in wonder,
  She held it less vain-glory to talk much,
  Than your penance to hear her.  Whilst she speaks,
  She throws upon a man so sweet a look
  That it were able to raise one to a galliard.[10]
  That lay in a dead palsy, and to dote
  On that sweet countenance; but in that look
  There speaketh so divine a continence
  As cuts off all lascivious and vain hope.
  Her days are practis'd in such noble virtue,
  That sure her nights, nay, more, her very sleeps,
  Are more in heaven than other ladies' shrifts.
  Let all sweet ladies break their flatt'ring glasses,
  And dress themselves in her.

  DELIO.                        Fie, Antonio,
  You play the wire-drawer with her commendations.

  ANTONIO.  I 'll case the picture up:  only thus much;
  All her particular worth grows to this sum,--
  She stains[11] the time past, lights the time to come.

  CARIOLA.  You must attend my lady in the gallery,
  Some half and hour hence.

  ANTONIO.                   I shall.
       [Exeunt ANTONIO and DELIO.]

  FERDINAND.  Sister, I have a suit to you.

  DUCHESS.                                   To me, sir?

  FERDINAND.  A gentleman here, Daniel de Bosola,
  One that was in the galleys----

  DUCHESS.                       Yes, I know him.

  FERDINAND.  A worthy fellow he is:  pray, let me entreat for
  The provisorship of your horse.

  DUCHESS.                         Your knowledge of him
  Commends him and prefers him.

  FERDINAND.                     Call him hither.
       [Exit Attendant.]
  We [are] now upon[12] parting.  Good Lord Silvio,
  Do us commend to all our noble friends
  At the leaguer.

  SILVIO.          Sir, I shall.

  [DUCHESS.]                      You are for Milan?

  SILVIO.  I am.

  DUCHESS.        Bring the caroches.[13]--We 'll bring you down
  To the haven.
       [Exeunt DUCHESS, SILVIO, CASTRUCCIO, RODERIGO, GRISOLAN,
       CARIOLA, JULIA, and Attendants.]

  CARDINAL.      Be sure you entertain that Bosola
  For your intelligence.[14]  I would not be seen in 't;
  And therefore many times I have slighted him
  When he did court our furtherance, as this morning.

  FERDINAND.  Antonio, the great-master of her household,
  Had been far fitter.

  CARDINAL.             You are deceiv'd in him.
  His nature is too honest for such business.--
  He comes:  I 'll leave you.
       [Exit.]

       [Re-enter BOSOLA]

  BOSOLA.                      I was lur'd to you.

  FERDINAND.  My brother, here, the cardinal, could never
  Abide you.

  BOSOLA.     Never since he was in my debt.

  FERDINAND.  May be some oblique character in your face
  Made him suspect you.

  BOSOLA.                Doth he study physiognomy?
  There 's no more credit to be given to the face
  Than to a sick man's urine, which some call
  The physician's whore, because she cozens[15] him.
  He did suspect me wrongfully.

  FERDINAND.                     For that
  You must give great men leave to take their times.
  Distrust doth cause us seldom be deceiv'd.
  You see the oft shaking of the cedar-tree
  Fastens it more at root.

  BOSOLA.                   Yet take heed;
  For to suspect a friend unworthily
  Instructs him the next way to suspect you,
  And prompts him to deceive you.

  FERDINAND.                       There 's gold.

  BOSOLA.                                          So:
  What follows?  [Aside.] Never rain'd such showers as these
  Without thunderbolts i' the tail of them.--Whose throat must I cut?

  FERDINAND.  Your inclination to shed blood rides post
  Before my occasion to use you.  I give you that
  To live i' the court here, and observe the duchess;
  To note all the particulars of her haviour,
  What suitors do solicit her for marriage,
  And whom she best affects.  She 's a young widow:
  I would not have her marry again.

  BOSOLA.                            No, sir?

  FERDINAND.  Do not you ask the reason; but be satisfied.
  I say I would not.

  BOSOLA.             It seems you would create me
  One of your familiars.

  FERDINAND.              Familiar!  What 's that?

  BOSOLA.  Why, a very quaint invisible devil in flesh,--
  An intelligencer.[16]

  FERDINAND.          Such a kind of thriving thing
  I would wish thee; and ere long thou mayst arrive
  At a higher place by 't.

  BOSOLA.                   Take your devils,
  Which hell calls angels!  These curs'd gifts would make
  You a corrupter, me an impudent traitor;
  And should I take these, they'd take me [to] hell.

  FERDINAND.  Sir, I 'll take nothing from you that I have given.
  There is a place that I procur'd for you
  This morning, the provisorship o' the horse;
  Have you heard on 't?

  BOSOLA.                No.

  FERDINAND.                  'Tis yours:  is 't not worth thanks?

  BOSOLA.  I would have you curse yourself now, that your bounty
  (Which makes men truly noble) e'er should make me
  A villain.  O, that to avoid ingratitude
  For the good deed you have done me, I must do
  All the ill man can invent!  Thus the devil
  Candies all sins o'er; and what heaven terms vile,
  That names he complimental.

  FERDINAND.                   Be yourself;
  Keep your old garb of melancholy; 'twill express
  You envy those that stand above your reach,
  Yet strive not to come near 'em.  This will gain
  Access to private lodgings, where yourself
  May, like a politic dormouse----

  BOSOLA.                         As I have seen some
  Feed in a lord's dish, half asleep, not seeming
  To listen to any talk; and yet these rogues
  Have cut his throat in a dream.  What 's my place?
  The provisorship o' the horse?  Say, then, my corruption
  Grew out of horse-dung:  I am your creature.

  FERDINAND.                                    Away!
       [Exit.]

  BOSOLA.  Let good men, for good deeds, covet good fame,
  Since place and riches oft are bribes of shame.
  Sometimes the devil doth preach.
       [Exit.]

Scene III

       [Enter FERDINAND, DUCHESS, CARDINAL, and CARIOLA]

  CARDINAL.  We are to part from you; and your own discretion
  Must now be your director.

  FERDINAND.                  You are a widow:
  You know already what man is; and therefore
  Let not youth, high promotion, eloquence----

  CARDINAL.  No,
  Nor anything without the addition, honour,
  Sway your high blood.

  FERDINAND.             Marry! they are most luxurious[18]
  Will wed twice.

  CARDINAL.        O, fie!

  FERDINAND.                Their livers are more spotted
  Than Laban's sheep.[19]

  DUCHESS.              Diamonds are of most value,
  They say, that have pass'd through most jewellers' hands.

  FERDINAND.  Whores by that rule are precious.

  DUCHESS.                                       Will you hear me?
  I 'll never marry.

  CARDINAL.           So most widows say;
  But commonly that motion lasts no longer
  Than the turning of an hour-glass:  the funeral sermon
  And it end both together.

  FERDINAND.                 Now hear me:
  You live in a rank pasture, here, i' the court;
  There is a kind of honey-dew that 's deadly;
  'T will poison your fame; look to 't.  Be not cunning;
  For they whose faces do belie their hearts
  Are witches ere they arrive at twenty years,
  Ay, and give the devil suck.

  DUCHESS.  This is terrible good counsel.

  FERDINAND.  Hypocrisy is woven of a fine small thread,
  Subtler than Vulcan's engine:[20] yet, believe 't,
  Your darkest actions, nay, your privat'st thoughts,
  Will come to light.

  CARDINAL.            You may flatter yourself,
  And take your own choice; privately be married
  Under the eaves of night----

  FERDINAND.                  Think 't the best voyage
  That e'er you made; like the irregular crab,
  Which, though 't goes backward, thinks that it goes right
  Because it goes its own way:  but observe,
  Such weddings may more properly be said
  To be executed than celebrated.

  CARDINAL.                        The marriage night
  Is the entrance into some prison.

  FERDINAND.                         And those joys,
  Those lustful pleasures, are like heavy sleeps
  Which do fore-run man's mischief.

  CARDINAL.                          Fare you well.
  Wisdom begins at the end:  remember it.
       [Exit.]

  DUCHESS.  I think this speech between you both was studied,
  It came so roundly off.

  FERDINAND.               You are my sister;
  This was my father's poniard, do you see?
  I 'd be loth to see 't look rusty, 'cause 'twas his.
  I would have you give o'er these chargeable revels:
  A visor and a mask are whispering-rooms
  That were never built for goodness,--fare ye well--
  And women like variety of courtship.
  What cannot a neat knave with a smooth tale
  Make a woman believe?  Farewell, lusty widow.
       [Exit.]

  DUCHESS.  Shall this move me?  If all my royal kindred
  Lay in my way unto this marriage,
  I 'd make them my low footsteps.  And even now,
  Even in this hate, as men in some great battles,
  By apprehending danger, have achiev'd
  Almost impossible actions (I have heard soldiers say so),
  So I through frights and threatenings will assay
  This dangerous venture.  Let old wives report
  I wink'd and chose a husband.--Cariola,
  To thy known secrecy I have given up
  More than my life,--my fame.

  CARIOLA.                      Both shall be safe;
  For I 'll conceal this secret from the world
  As warily as those that trade in poison
  Keep poison from their children.

  DUCHESS.                          Thy protestation
  Is ingenious and hearty; I believe it.
  Is Antonio come?

  CARIOLA.          He attends you.

  DUCHESS.                           Good dear soul,
  Leave me; but place thyself behind the arras,
  Where thou mayst overhear us.  Wish me good speed;
  For I am going into a wilderness,
  Where I shall find nor path nor friendly clue
  To be my guide.
       [Cariola goes behind the arras.]
       [Enter ANTONIO]
                   I sent for you:  sit down;
  Take pen and ink, and write:  are you ready?

  ANTONIO.                                      Yes.

  DUCHESS.  What did I say?

  ANTONIO.  That I should write somewhat.

  DUCHESS.                                 O, I remember.
  After these triumphs and this large expense
  It 's fit, like thrifty husbands,[21] we inquire
  What 's laid up for to-morrow.

  ANTONIO.  So please your beauteous excellence.

  DUCHESS.                                        Beauteous!
  Indeed, I thank you.  I look young for your sake;
  You have ta'en my cares upon you.

  ANTONIO.                           I 'll fetch your grace
  The particulars of your revenue and expense.

  DUCHESS.  O, you are
  An upright treasurer:  but you mistook;
  For when I said I meant to make inquiry
  What 's laid up for to-morrow, I did mean
  What 's laid up yonder for me.

  ANTONIO.                        Where?

  DUCHESS.                                In heaven.
  I am making my will (as 'tis fit princes should,
  In perfect memory), and, I pray, sir, tell me,
  Were not one better make it smiling, thus,
  Than in deep groans and terrible ghastly looks,
  As if the gifts we parted with procur'd[22]
  That violent distraction?

  ANTONIO.                   O, much better.

  DUCHESS.  If I had a husband now, this care were quit:
  But I intend to make you overseer.
  What good deed shall we first remember?  Say.

  ANTONIO.  Begin with that first good deed began i' the world
  After man's creation, the sacrament of marriage;
  I 'd have you first provide for a good husband;
  Give him all.

  DUCHESS.       All!

  ANTONIO.             Yes, your excellent self.

  DUCHESS.  In a winding-sheet?

  ANTONIO.                       In a couple.

  DUCHESS.  Saint Winifred, that were a strange will!

  ANTONIO.  'Twere stranger[23] if there were no will in you
  To marry again.

  DUCHESS.         What do you think of marriage?

  ANTONIO.  I take 't, as those that deny purgatory,
  It locally contains or heaven or hell;
  There 's no third place in 't.

  DUCHESS.                        How do you affect it?

  ANTONIO.  My banishment, feeding my melancholy,
  Would often reason thus.

  DUCHESS.                  Pray, let 's hear it.

  ANTONIO.  Say a man never marry, nor have children,
  What takes that from him?  Only the bare name
  Of being a father, or the weak delight
  To see the little wanton ride a-cock-horse
  Upon a painted stick, or hear him chatter
  Like a taught starling.

  DUCHESS.                 Fie, fie, what 's all this?
  One of your eyes is blood-shot; use my ring to 't.
  They say 'tis very sovereign.  'Twas my wedding-ring,
  And I did vow never to part with it
  But to my second husband.

  ANTONIO.  You have parted with it now.

  DUCHESS.  Yes, to help your eye-sight.

  ANTONIO.  You have made me stark blind.

  DUCHESS.  How?

  ANTONIO.  There is a saucy and ambitious devil
  Is dancing in this circle.

  DUCHESS.                    Remove him.

  ANTONIO.  How?

  DUCHESS.  There needs small conjuration, when your finger
  May do it:  thus.  Is it fit?
       [She puts the ring upon his finger]: he kneels.

  ANTONIO.                       What said you?

  DUCHESS.                                       Sir,
  This goodly roof of yours is too low built;
  I cannot stand upright in 't nor discourse,
  Without I raise it higher.  Raise yourself;
  Or, if you please, my hand to help you:  so.
       [Raises him.]

  ANTONIO.  Ambition, madam, is a great man's madness,
  That is not kept in chains and close-pent rooms,
  But in fair lightsome lodgings, and is girt
  With the wild noise of prattling visitants,
  Which makes it lunatic beyond all cure.
  Conceive not I am so stupid but I aim[24]
  Whereto your favours tend:  but he 's a fool
  That, being a-cold, would thrust his hands i' the fire
  To warm them.

  DUCHESS.       So, now the ground 's broke,
  You may discover what a wealthy mine
  I make your lord of.

  ANTONIO.              O my unworthiness!

  DUCHESS.  You were ill to sell yourself:
  This dark'ning of your worth is not like that
  Which tradesmen use i' the city; their false lights
  Are to rid bad wares off:  and I must tell you,
  If you will know where breathes a complete man
  (I speak it without flattery), turn your eyes,
  And progress through yourself.

  ANTONIO.  Were there nor heaven nor hell,
  I should be honest:  I have long serv'd virtue,
  And ne'er ta'en wages of her.

  DUCHESS.                       Now she pays it.
  The misery of us that are born great!
  We are forc'd to woo, because none dare woo us;
  And as a tyrant doubles with his words,
  And fearfully equivocates, so we
  Are forc'd to express our violent passions
  In riddles and in dreams, and leave the path
  Of simple virtue, which was never made
  To seem the thing it is not.  Go, go brag
  You have left me heartless; mine is in your bosom:
  I hope 'twill multiply love there.  You do tremble:
  Make not your heart so dead a piece of flesh,
  To fear more than to love me.  Sir, be confident:
  What is 't distracts you?  This is flesh and blood, sir;
  'Tis not the figure cut in alabaster
  Kneels at my husband's tomb.  Awake, awake, man!
  I do here put off all vain ceremony,
  And only do appear to you a young widow
  That claims you for her husband, and, like a widow,
  I use but half a blush in 't.

  ANTONIO.                       Truth speak for me;
  I will remain the constant sanctuary
  Of your good name.

  DUCHESS.            I thank you, gentle love:
  And 'cause you shall not come to me in debt,
  Being now my steward, here upon your lips
  I sign your Quietus est.[25]  This you should have begg'd now.
  I have seen children oft eat sweetmeats thus,
  As fearful to devour them too soon.

  ANTONIO.  But for your brothers?

  DUCHESS.                          Do not think of them:
  All discord without this circumference
  Is only to be pitied, and not fear'd:
  Yet, should they know it, time will easily
  Scatter the tempest.

  ANTONIO.              These words should be mine,
  And all the parts you have spoke, if some part of it
  Would not have savour'd flattery.

  DUCHESS.  Kneel.
       [Cariola comes from behind the arras.]

  ANTONIO.          Ha!

  DUCHESS.  Be not amaz'd; this woman 's of my counsel:
  I have heard lawyers say, a contract in a chamber
  Per verba [de] presenti[26] is absolute marriage.
       [She and ANTONIO kneel.]
  Bless, heaven, this sacred gordian[27] which let violence
  Never untwine!

  ANTONIO.  And may our sweet affections, like the spheres,
  Be still in motion!

  DUCHESS.             Quickening, and make
  The like soft music!

  ANTONIO.  That we may imitate the loving palms,
  Best emblem of a peaceful marriage,
  That never bore fruit, divided!

  DUCHESS.  What can the church force more?

  ANTONIO.  That fortune may not know an accident,
  Either of joy or sorrow, to divide
  Our fixed wishes!

  DUCHESS.           How can the church build faster?[28]
  We now are man and wife, and 'tis the church
  That must but echo this.--Maid, stand apart:
  I now am blind.

  ANTONIO.         What 's your conceit in this?

  DUCHESS.  I would have you lead your fortune by the hand
  Unto your marriage-bed:
  (You speak in me this, for we now are one:)
  We 'll only lie and talk together, and plot
  To appease my humorous[29] kindred; and if you please,
  Like the old tale in ALEXANDER AND LODOWICK,
  Lay a naked sword between us, keep us chaste.
  O, let me shrowd my blushes in your bosom,
  Since 'tis the treasury of all my secrets!
       [Exeunt DUCHESS and ANTONIO.]

  CARIOLA.  Whether the spirit of greatness or of woman
  Reign most in her, I know not; but it shows
  A fearful madness.  I owe her much of pity.
       [Exit.]

Act II. Scene I

[30]

       [Enter] BOSOLA and CASTRUCCIO

  BOSOLA.  You say you would fain be taken for an eminent courtier?

  CASTRUCCIO.  'Tis the very main[31] of my ambition.

  BOSOLA.  Let me see:  you have a reasonable good face for 't already,
  and your night-cap expresses your ears sufficient largely.  I would
  have you learn to twirl the strings of your band with a good grace,
  and in a set speech, at th' end of every sentence, to hum three
  or four times, or blow your nose till it smart again, to recover your
  memory.  When you come to be a president in criminal causes, if you
  smile upon a prisoner, hang him; but if you frown upon him and
  threaten him, let him be sure to scape the gallows.

  CASTRUCCIO.  I would be a very merry president.

  BOSOLA.  Do not sup o' nights; 'twill beget you an admirable wit.

  CASTRUCCIO.  Rather it would make me have a good stomach to quarrel;
  for they say, your roaring boys eat meat seldom, and that makes them
  so valiant.  But how shall I know whether the people take me for
  an eminent fellow?

  BOSOLA.  I will teach a trick to know it:  give out you lie a-dying,
  and if you hear the common people curse you, be sure you are taken
  for one of the prime night-caps.[32]
       [Enter an Old Lady]
  You come from painting now.

  OLD LADY.  From what?

  BOSOLA.  Why, from your scurvy face-physic.  To behold thee not
  painted inclines somewhat near a miracle.  These in thy face here
  were deep ruts and foul sloughs the last progress.[33] There was
  a lady in France that, having had the small-pox, flayed the skin off
  her face to make it more level; and whereas before she looked
  like a nutmeg-grater, after she resembled an abortive hedge-hog.

  OLD LADY.  Do you call this painting?

  BOSOLA.  No, no, but you call [it] careening[34] of an old
  morphewed[35] lady, to make her disembogue[36] again:
  there 's rough-cast phrase to your plastic.[37]

  OLD LADY.  It seems you are well acquainted with my closet.

  BOSOLA.  One would suspect it for a shop of witchcraft, to find in it
  the fat of serpents, spawn of snakes, Jews' spittle, and their young
  children's ordure; and all these for the face.  I would sooner eat
  a dead pigeon taken from the soles of the feet of one sick of the
  plague, than kiss one of you fasting.  Here are two of you, whose sin
  of your youth is the very patrimony of the physician; makes him renew
  his foot-cloth with the spring, and change his high-pric'd courtezan
  with the fall of the leaf.  I do wonder you do not loathe yourselves.
  Observe my meditation now.
  What thing is in this outward form of man
  To be belov'd?  We account it ominous,
  If nature do produce a colt, or lamb,
  A fawn, or goat, in any limb resembling
  A man, and fly from 't as a prodigy:
  Man stands amaz'd to see his deformity
  In any other creature but himself.
  But in our own flesh though we bear diseases
  Which have their true names only ta'en from beasts,--
  As the most ulcerous wolf and swinish measle,--
  Though we are eaten up of lice and worms,
  And though continually we bear about us
  A rotten and dead body, we delight
  To hide it in rich tissue:  all our fear,
  Nay, all our terror, is, lest our physician
  Should put us in the ground to be made sweet.--
  Your wife 's gone to Rome:  you two couple, and get you to
  the wells at Lucca to recover your aches.  I have other work on foot.
       [Exeunt CASTRUCCIO and Old Lady]
  I observe our duchess
  Is sick a-days, she pukes, her stomach seethes,
  The fins of her eye-lids look most teeming blue,[38]
  She wanes i' the cheek, and waxes fat i' the flank,
  And, contrary to our Italian fashion,
  Wears a loose-bodied gown:  there 's somewhat in 't.
  I have a trick may chance discover it,
  A pretty one; I have bought some apricocks,
  The first our spring yields.

       [Enter ANTONIO and DELIO, talking together apart]

  DELIO.                        And so long since married?
  You amaze me.

  ANTONIO.       Let me seal your lips for ever:
  For, did I think that anything but th' air
  Could carry these words from you, I should wish
  You had no breath at all.--Now, sir, in your contemplation?
  You are studying to become a great wise fellow.

  BOSOLA.  O, sir, the opinion of wisdom is a foul tetter[39]
  that runs all over a man's body:  if simplicity direct us to have
  no evil, it directs us to a happy being; for the subtlest folly
  proceeds from the subtlest wisdom:  let me be simply honest.

  ANTONIO.  I do understand your inside.

  BOSOLA.                                 Do you so?

  ANTONIO.  Because you would not seem to appear to th' world
  Puff'd up with your preferment, you continue
  This out-of-fashion melancholy:  leave it, leave it.

  BOSOLA.  Give me leave to be honest in any phrase, in any compliment
  whatsoever.  Shall I confess myself to you?  I look no higher than
  I can reach:  they are the gods that must ride on winged horses.
  A lawyer's mule of a slow pace will both suit my disposition and
  business; for, mark me, when a man's mind rides faster than his horse
  can gallop, they quickly both tire.

  ANTONIO.  You would look up to heaven, but I think
  The devil, that rules i' th' air, stands in your light.

  BOSOLA.  O, sir, you are lord of the ascendant,[40] chief man with
  the duchess:  a duke was your cousin-german remov'd.  Say you were
  lineally descended from King Pepin, or he himself, what of this?
  Search the heads of the greatest rivers in the world, you shall find
  them but bubbles of water.  Some would think the souls of princes
  were brought forth by some more weighty cause than those of meaner
  persons:  they are deceiv'd, there 's the same hand to them; the like
  passions sway them; the same reason that makes a vicar go to law for
  a tithe-pig, and undo his neighbours, makes them spoil a whole
  province, and batter down goodly cities with the cannon.

       [Enter DUCHESS and Ladies]

  DUCHESS.  Your arm, Antonio:  do I not grow fat?
  I am exceeding short-winded.--Bosola,
  I would have you, sir, provide for me a litter;
  Such a one as the Duchess of Florence rode in.

  BOSOLA.  The duchess us'd one when she was great with child.

  DUCHESS.  I think she did.--Come hither, mend my ruff:
  Here, when? thou art such a tedious lady; and
  Thy breath smells of lemon-pills:  would thou hadst done!
  Shall I swoon under thy fingers?  I am
  So troubled with the mother![41]

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.]             I fear too much.

  DUCHESS.  I have heard you say that the French courtiers
  Wear their hats on 'fore that king.

  ANTONIO.  I have seen it.

  DUCHESS.                   In the presence?

  ANTONIO.                                     Yes.

  DUCHESS.  Why should not we bring up that fashion?
  'Tis ceremony more than duty that consists
  In the removing of a piece of felt.
  Be you the example to the rest o' th' court;
  Put on your hat first.

  ANTONIO.                You must pardon me:
  I have seen, in colder countries than in France,
  Nobles stand bare to th' prince; and the distinction
  Methought show'd reverently.

  BOSOLA.  I have a present for your grace.

  DUCHESS.                                   For me, sir?

  BOSOLA.  Apricocks, madam.

  DUCHESS.                    O, sir, where are they?
  I have heard of none to-year[42]

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.]              Good; her colour rises.

  DUCHESS.  Indeed, I thank you:  they are wondrous fair ones.
  What an unskilful fellow is our gardener!
  We shall have none this month.

  BOSOLA.  Will not your grace pare them?

  DUCHESS.  No:  they taste of musk, methinks; indeed they do.

  BOSOLA.  I know not:  yet I wish your grace had par'd 'em.

  DUCHESS.  Why?

  BOSOLA.         I forgot to tell you, the knave gardener,
  Only to raise his profit by them the sooner,
  Did ripen them in horse-dung.

  DUCHESS.                       O, you jest.--
  You shall judge:  pray, taste one.

  ANTONIO.                            Indeed, madam,
  I do not love the fruit.

  DUCHESS.                  Sir, you are loth
  To rob us of our dainties.  'Tis a delicate fruit;
  They say they are restorative.

  BOSOLA.                        'Tis a pretty art,
  This grafting.

  DUCHESS.  'Tis so; a bettering of nature.

  BOSOLA.  To make a pippin grow upon a crab,
  A damson on a black-thorn.--[Aside.] How greedily she eats them!
  A whirlwind strike off these bawd farthingales!
  For, but for that and the loose-bodied gown,
  I should have discover'd apparently[43]
  The young springal[44] cutting a caper in her belly.

  DUCHESS.  I thank you, Bosola:  they were right good ones,
  If they do not make me sick.

  ANTONIO.                      How now, madam!

  DUCHESS.  This green fruit and my stomach are not friends:
  How they swell me!

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.]    Nay, you are too much swell'd already.

  DUCHESS.  O, I am in an extreme cold sweat!

  BOSOLA.                                      I am very sorry.
       [Exit.]

  DUCHESS.  Lights to my chamber!--O good Antonio,
  I fear I am undone!

  DELIO.               Lights there, lights!
      Exeunt DUCHESS [and Ladies.]

  ANTONIO.  O my most trusty Delio, we are lost!
  I fear she 's fall'n in labour; and there 's left
  No time for her remove.

  DELIO.                   Have you prepar'd
  Those ladies to attend her; and procur'd
  That politic safe conveyance for the midwife
  Your duchess plotted?

  ANTONIO.               I have.

  DELIO.  Make use, then, of this forc'd occasion.
  Give out that Bosola hath poison'd her
  With these apricocks; that will give some colour
  For her keeping close.

  ANTONIO.                Fie, fie, the physicians
  Will then flock to her.

  DELIO.  For that you may pretend
  She'll use some prepar'd antidote of her own,
  Lest the physicians should re-poison her.

  ANTONIO.  I am lost in amazement:  I know not what to think on 't.
       Exeunt.

Scene II

       [Enter] BOSOLA and Old Lady

  BOSOLA.  So, so, there 's no question but her techiness[46]
  and most vulturous eating of the apricocks are apparent signs
  of breeding, now?

  OLD LADY.  I am in haste, sir.

  BOSOLA.  There was a young waiting-woman had a monstrous desire
  to see the glass-house----

  OLD LADY.  Nay, pray, let me go.  I will hear no more
  of the glass-house.  You are still[47] abusing women!

  BOSOLA.  Who, I?  No; only, by the way now and then, mention your
  frailties.  The orange-tree bears ripe and green fruit and blossoms
  all together; and some of you give entertainment for pure love,
  but more for more precious reward.  The lusty spring smells well;
  but drooping autumn tastes well.  If we have the same golden showers
  that rained in the time of Jupiter the thunderer, you have the same
  Danaes still, to hold up their laps to receive them.  Didst thou
  never study the mathematics?

  OLD LADY.  What 's that, sir?

  BOSOLA.  Why, to know the trick how to make a many lines meet in one
  centre.  Go, go, give your foster-daughters good counsel:  tell them,
  that the devil takes delight to hang at a woman's girdle, like
  a false rusty watch, that she cannot discern how the time passes.
       [Exit Old Lady.]

       [Enter ANTONIO, RODERIGO, and GRISOLAN]

  ANTONIO.  Shut up the court-gates.

  RODERIGO.                           Why, sir?  What 's the danger?

  ANTONIO.  Shut up the posterns presently, and call
  All the officers o' th' court.

  GRISOLAN.                       I shall instantly.
       [Exit.]

  ANTONIO.  Who keeps the key o' th' park-gate?

  RODERIGO.                                      Forobosco.

  ANTONIO.  Let him bring 't presently.

       [Re-enter GRISOLAN with Servants]

  FIRST SERVANT.  O, gentleman o' th' court, the foulest treason!

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.] If that these apricocks should be poison'd now,
  Without my knowledge?

  FIRST SERVANT.
  There was taken even now a Switzer in the duchess' bed-chamber----

  SECOND SERVANT.  A Switzer!

  FIRST SERVANT.  With a pistol----

  SECOND SERVANT.  There was a cunning traitor!

  FIRST SERVANT.
  And all the moulds of his buttons were leaden bullets.

  SECOND SERVANT.  O wicked cannibal!

  FIRST SERVANT.  'Twas a French plot, upon my life.

  SECOND SERVANT.  To see what the devil can do!

  ANTONIO.  [Are] all the officers here?

  SERVANTS.  We are.

  ANTONIO.  Gentlemen,
  We have lost much plate, you know; and but this evening
  Jewels, to the value of four thousand ducats,
  Are missing in the duchess' cabinet.
  Are the gates shut?

  SERVANT.             Yes.

  ANTONIO.                   'Tis the duchess' pleasure
  Each officer be lock'd into his chamber
  Till the sun-rising; and to send the keys
  Of all their chests and of their outward doors
  Into her bed-chamber.  She is very sick.

  RODERIGO.  At her pleasure.

  ANTONIO.  She entreats you take 't not ill:  the innocent
  Shall be the more approv'd by it.

  BOSOLA.  Gentlemen o' the wood-yard, where 's your Switzer now?

  FIRST SERVANT.  By this hand, 'twas credibly reported by one
  o' the black guard.[48]
       [Exeunt all except ANTONIO and DELIO.]

  DELIO.  How fares it with the duchess?

  ANTONIO.                                She 's expos'd
  Unto the worst of torture, pain, and fear.

  DELIO.  Speak to her all happy comfort.

  ANTONIO.  How I do play the fool with mine own danger!
  You are this night, dear friend, to post to Rome:
  My life lies in your service.

  DELIO.                         Do not doubt me.

  ANTONIO.  O, 'tis far from me:  and yet fear presents me
  Somewhat that looks like danger.

  DELIO.                            Believe it,
  'Tis but the shadow of your fear, no more:
  How superstitiously we mind our evils!
  The throwing down salt, or crossing of a hare,
  Bleeding at nose, the stumbling of a horse,
  Or singing of a cricket, are of power
  To daunt whole man in us.  Sir, fare you well:
  I wish you all the joys of a bless'd father;
  And, for my faith, lay this unto your breast,--
  Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best.
       [Exit.]

       [Enter CARIOLA]

  CARIOLA.  Sir, you are the happy father of a son:
  Your wife commends him to you.

  ANTONIO.                        Blessed comfort!--
  For heaven' sake, tend her well: I 'll presently[49]
  Go set a figure for 's nativity.[50]
       Exeunt.

Scene III

       [Enter BOSOLA, with a dark lantern]

  BOSOLA.  Sure I did hear a woman shriek:  list, ha!
  And the sound came, if I receiv'd it right,
  ]From the duchess' lodgings.  There 's some stratagem
  In the confining all our courtiers
  To their several wards:  I must have part of it;
  My intelligence will freeze else.  List, again!
  It may be 'twas the melancholy bird,
  Best friend of silence and of solitariness,
  The owl, that screamed so.--Ha! Antonio!

       [Enter ANTONIO with a candle, his sword drawn]

  ANTONIO.  I heard some noise.--Who 's there?  What art thou?  Speak.

  BOSOLA.  Antonio, put not your face nor body
  To such a forc'd expression of fear;
  I am Bosola, your friend.

  ANTONIO.                   Bosola!--
  [Aside.] This mole does undermine me.--Heard you not
  A noise even now?

  BOSOLA.            From whence?

  ANTONIO.                         From the duchess' lodging.

  BOSOLA.  Not I:  did you?

  ANTONIO.                   I did, or else I dream'd.

  BOSOLA.  Let 's walk towards it.

  ANTONIO.                          No:  it may be 'twas
  But the rising of the wind.

  BOSOLA.                      Very likely.
  Methinks 'tis very cold, and yet you sweat:
  You look wildly.

  ANTONIO.          I have been setting a figure[52]
  For the duchess' jewels.

  BOSOLA.                   Ah, and how falls your question?
  Do you find it radical?[53]

  ANTONIO.                 What 's that to you?
  'Tis rather to be question'd what design,
  When all men were commanded to their lodgings,
  Makes you a night-walker.

  BOSOLA.                    In sooth, I 'll tell you:
  Now all the court 's asleep, I thought the devil
  Had least to do here; I came to say my prayers;
  And if it do offend you I do so,
  You are a fine courtier.

  ANTONIO. [Aside.]         This fellow will undo me.--
  You gave the duchess apricocks to-day:
  Pray heaven they were not poison'd!

  BOSOLA.  Poison'd! a Spanish fig
  For the imputation!

  ANTONIO.             Traitors are ever confident
  Till they are discover'd.  There were jewels stol'n too:
  In my conceit, none are to be suspected
  More than yourself.

  BOSOLA.              You are a false steward.

  ANTONIO.  Saucy slave, I 'll pull thee up by the roots.

  BOSOLA.  May be the ruin will crush you to pieces.

  ANTONIO.  You are an impudent snake indeed, sir:
  Are you scarce warm, and do you show your sting?
  You libel[54] well, sir?

  BOSOLA.                   No, sir:  copy it out,
  And I will set my hand to 't.

  ANTONIO. [Aside.]              My nose bleeds.
  One that were superstitious would count
  This ominous, when it merely comes by chance.
  Two letters, that are wrought here for my name,[55]
  Are drown'd in blood!
  Mere accident.--For you, sir, I 'll take order
  I' the morn you shall be safe.--[Aside.] 'Tis that must colour
  Her lying-in.--Sir, this door you pass not:
  I do not hold it fit that you come near
  The duchess' lodgings, till you have quit yourself.--
  [Aside.] The great are like the base, nay, they are the same,
  When they seek shameful ways to avoid shame.
       Exit.

  BOSOLA.  Antonio hereabout did drop a paper:--
  Some of your help, false friend.[56]--O, here it is.
  What 's here? a child's nativity calculated!
       [Reads.]
  'The duchess was deliver'd of a son, 'tween the hours
  twelve and one in the night, Anno Dom. 1504,'--that 's
  this year--'decimo nono Decembris,'--that 's this night--
  'taken according to the meridian of Malfi,'--that 's our
  duchess:  happy discovery!--'The lord of the first house
  being combust in the ascendant, signifies short life;
  and Mars being in a human sign, joined to the tail of the
  Dragon, in the eighth house, doth threaten a violent death.
  Caetera non scrutantur.'[57]

  Why, now 'tis most apparent; this precise fellow
  Is the duchess' bawd:--I have it to my wish!
  This is a parcel of intelligency[58]
  Our courtiers were cas'd up for:  it needs must follow
  That I must be committed on pretence
  Of poisoning her; which I 'll endure, and laugh at.
  If one could find the father now! but that
  Time will discover.  Old Castruccio
  I' th' morning posts to Rome:  by him I 'll send
  A letter that shall make her brothers' galls
  O'erflow their livers.  This was a thrifty[59] way!
  Though lust do mask in ne'er so strange disguise,
  She 's oft found witty, but is never wise.
       [Exit.]

Scene IV

       [Enter] CARDINAL and JULIA

  CARDINAL.  Sit:  thou art my best of wishes.  Prithee, tell me
  What trick didst thou invent to come to Rome
  Without thy husband?

  JULIA.                Why, my lord, I told him
  I came to visit an old anchorite[61]
  Here for devotion.

  CARDINAL.           Thou art a witty false one,--
  I mean, to him.

  JULIA.  You have prevail'd with me
  Beyond my strongest thoughts; I would not now
  Find you inconstant.

  CARDINAL.             Do not put thyself
  To such a voluntary torture, which proceeds
  Out of your own guilt.

  JULIA.                  How, my lord!

  CARDINAL.                              You fear
  My constancy, because you have approv'd[62]
  Those giddy and wild turnings in yourself.

  JULIA.  Did you e'er find them?

  CARDINAL.                        Sooth, generally for women,
  A man might strive to make glass malleable,
  Ere he should make them fixed.

  JULIA.                          So, my lord.

  CARDINAL.  We had need go borrow that fantastic glass
  Invented by Galileo the Florentine
  To view another spacious world i' th' moon,
  And look to find a constant woman there.

  JULIA.  This is very well, my lord.

  CARDINAL.                            Why do you weep?
  Are tears your justification?  The self-same tears
  Will fall into your husband's bosom, lady,
  With a loud protestation that you love him
  Above the world.  Come, I 'll love you wisely,
  That 's jealously; since I am very certain
  You cannot make me cuckold.

  JULIA.                       I 'll go home
  To my husband.

  CARDINAL.       You may thank me, lady,
  I have taken you off your melancholy perch,
  Bore you upon my fist, and show'd you game,
  And let you fly at it.--I pray thee, kiss me.--
  When thou wast with thy husband, thou wast watch'd
  Like a tame elephant:--still you are to thank me:--
  Thou hadst only kisses from him and high feeding;
  But what delight was that?  'Twas just like one
  That hath a little fing'ring on the lute,
  Yet cannot tune it:--still you are to thank me.

  JULIA.  You told me of a piteous wound i' th' heart,
  And a sick liver, when you woo'd me first,
  And spake like one in physic.[63]

  CARDINAL.                      Who 's that?----
       [Enter Servant]
  Rest firm, for my affection to thee,
  Lightning moves slow to 't.

  SERVANT.                     Madam, a gentleman,
  That 's come post from Malfi, desires to see you.

  CARDINAL.  Let him enter:  I 'll withdraw.
       Exit.

  SERVANT.                                    He says
  Your husband, old Castruccio, is come to Rome,
  Most pitifully tir'd with riding post.
       [Exit.]

       [Enter DELIO]

  JULIA.  [Aside.] Signior Delio! 'tis one of my old suitors.

  DELIO.  I was bold to come and see you.

  JULIA.                                   Sir, you are welcome.

  DELIO.  Do you lie here?

  JULIA.                    Sure, your own experience
  Will satisfy you no:  our Roman prelates
  Do not keep lodging for ladies.

  DELIO.                           Very well:
  I have brought you no commendations from your husband,
  For I know none by him.

  JULIA.                   I hear he 's come to Rome.

  DELIO.  I never knew man and beast, of a horse and a knight,
  So weary of each other.  If he had had a good back,
  He would have undertook to have borne his horse,
  His breech was so pitifully sore.

  JULIA.                             Your laughter
  Is my pity.

  DELIO.  Lady, I know not whether
  You want money, but I have brought you some.

  JULIA.  From my husband?

  DELIO.                    No, from mine own allowance.

  JULIA.  I must hear the condition, ere I be bound to take it.

  DELIO.  Look on 't, 'tis gold; hath it not a fine colour?

  JULIA.  I have a bird more beautiful.

  DELIO.                                 Try the sound on 't.

  JULIA.  A lute-string far exceeds it.
  It hath no smell, like cassia or civet;
  Nor is it physical,[64] though some fond doctors
  Persuade us seethe 't in cullises.[65] I 'll tell you,
  This is a creature bred by----

       [Re-enter Servant]

  SERVANT.                         Your husband 's come,
  Hath deliver'd a letter to the Duke of Calabria
  That, to my thinking, hath put him out of his wits.
       [Exit.]

  JULIA.  Sir, you hear:
  Pray, let me know your business and your suit
  As briefly as can be.

  DELIO.  With good speed:  I would wish you,
  At such time as you are non-resident
  With your husband, my mistress.

  JULIA.  Sir, I 'll go ask my husband if I shall,
  And straight return your answer.
       Exit.

  DELIO.                            Very fine!
  Is this her wit, or honesty, that speaks thus?
  I heard one say the duke was highly mov'd
  With a letter sent from Malfi.  I do fear
  Antonio is betray'd.  How fearfully
  Shows his ambition now!  Unfortunate fortune!
  They pass through whirl-pools, and deep woes do shun,
  Who the event weigh ere the action 's done.
       Exit.

Scene V

       [Enter] CARDINAL and FERDINAND with a letter

  FERDINAND.  I have this night digg'd up a mandrake.[67]

  CARDINAL.                                            Say you?

  FERDINAND.  And I am grown mad with 't.

  CARDINAL.                                What 's the prodigy[?]

  FERDINAND.
  Read there,--a sister damn'd:  she 's loose i' the hilts;[68]
  Grown a notorious strumpet.

  CARDINAL.                    Speak lower.

  FERDINAND.                                 Lower!
  Rogues do not whisper 't now, but seek to publish 't
  (As servants do the bounty of their lords)
  Aloud; and with a covetous searching eye,
  To mark who note them.  O, confusion seize her!
  She hath had most cunning bawds to serve her turn,
  And more secure conveyances for lust
  Than towns of garrison for service.

  CARDINAL.                            Is 't possible?
  Can this be certain?

  FERDINAND.            Rhubarb, O, for rhubarb
  To purge this choler!  Here 's the cursed day
  To prompt my memory; and here 't shall stick
  Till of her bleeding heart I make a sponge
  To wipe it out.

  CARDINAL.        Why do you make yourself
  So wild a tempest?

  FERDINAND.          Would I could be one,
  That I might toss her palace 'bout her ears,
  Root up her goodly forests, blast her meads,
  And lay her general territory as waste
  As she hath done her honours.

  CARDINAL.                      Shall our blood,
  The royal blood of Arragon and Castile,
  Be thus attainted?

  FERDINAND.          Apply desperate physic:
  We must not now use balsamum, but fire,
  The smarting cupping-glass, for that 's the mean
  To purge infected blood, such blood as hers.
  There is a kind of pity in mine eye,--
  I 'll give it to my handkercher; and now 'tis here,
  I 'll bequeath this to her bastard.

  CARDINAL.                            What to do?

  FERDINAND.  Why, to make soft lint for his mother's wounds,
  When I have hew'd her to pieces.

  CARDINAL.                         Curs'd creature!
  Unequal nature, to place women's hearts
  So far upon the left side![69]

  FERDINAND.                  Foolish men,
  That e'er will trust their honour in a bark
  Made of so slight weak bulrush as is woman,
  Apt every minute to sink it!

  CARDINAL.  Thus ignorance, when it hath purchas'd honour,
  It cannot wield it.

  FERDINAND.           Methinks I see her laughing,--
  Excellent hyena!  Talk to me somewhat quickly,
  Or my imagination will carry me
  To see her in the shameful act of sin.

  CARDINAL.  With whom?

  FERDINAND.             Happily with some strong-thigh'd bargeman,
  Or one o' th' wood-yard that can quoit the sledge[70]
  Or toss the bar, or else some lovely squire
  That carries coals up to her privy lodgings.

  CARDINAL.  You fly beyond your reason.

  FERDINAND.                              Go to, mistress!
  'Tis not your whore's milk that shall quench my wild-fire,
  But your whore's blood.

  CARDINAL.  How idly shows this rage, which carries you,
  As men convey'd by witches through the air,
  On violent whirlwinds!  This intemperate noise
  Fitly resembles deaf men's shrill discourse,
  Who talk aloud, thinking all other men
  To have their imperfection.

  FERDINAND.                   Have not you
  My palsy?

  CARDINAL.    Yes, [but] I can be angry
  Without this rupture.  There is not in nature
  A thing that makes man so deform'd, so beastly,
  As doth intemperate anger.  Chide yourself.
  You have divers men who never yet express'd
  Their strong desire of rest but by unrest,
  By vexing of themselves.  Come, put yourself
  In tune.

  FERDINAND.  So I will only study to seem
  The thing I am not.  I could kill her now,
  In you, or in myself; for I do think
  It is some sin in us heaven doth revenge
  By her.

  CARDINAL.  Are you stark mad?

  FERDINAND.                     I would have their bodies
  Burnt in a coal-pit with the ventage stopp'd,
  That their curs'd smoke might not ascend to heaven;
  Or dip the sheets they lie in in pitch or sulphur,
  Wrap them in 't, and then light them like a match;
  Or else to-boil[71] their bastard to a cullis,
  And give 't his lecherous father to renew
  The sin of his back.

  CARDINAL.             I 'll leave you.

  FERDINAND.                              Nay, I have done.
  I am confident, had I been damn'd in hell,
  And should have heard of this, it would have put me
  Into a cold sweat.  In, in; I 'll go sleep.
  Till I know who [loves] my sister, I 'll not stir:
  That known, I 'll find scorpions to string my whips,
  And fix her in a general eclipse.
       Exeunt.

Act III. Scene I

       [Enter] ANTONIO and DELIO

  ANTONIO.  Our noble friend, my most beloved Delio!
  O, you have been a stranger long at court:
  Came you along with the Lord Ferdinand?

  DELIO.  I did, sir:  and how fares your noble duchess?

  ANTONIO.  Right fortunately well:  she 's an excellent
  Feeder of pedigrees; since you last saw her,
  She hath had two children more, a son and daughter.

  DELIO.  Methinks 'twas yesterday.  Let me but wink,
  And not behold your face, which to mine eye
  Is somewhat leaner, verily I should dream
  It were within this half hour.

  ANTONIO.  You have not been in law, friend Delio,
  Nor in prison, nor a suitor at the court,
  Nor begg'd the reversion of some great man's place,
  Nor troubled with an old wife, which doth make
  Your time so insensibly hasten.

  DELIO.                           Pray, sir, tell me,
  Hath not this news arriv'd yet to the ear
  Of the lord cardinal?

  ANTONIO.               I fear it hath:
  The Lord Ferdinand, that 's newly come to court,
  Doth bear himself right dangerously.

  DELIO.                                Pray, why?

  ANTONIO.  He is so quiet that he seems to sleep
  The tempest out, as dormice do in winter.
  Those houses that are haunted are most still
  Till the devil be up.

  DELIO.                 What say the common people?

  ANTONIO.  The common rabble do directly say
  She is a strumpet.

  DELIO.              And your graver heads
  Which would be politic, what censure they?

  ANTONIO.  They do observe I grow to infinite purchase,[73]
  The left hand way; and all suppose the duchess
  Would amend it, if she could; for, say they,
  Great princes, though they grudge their officers
  Should have such large and unconfined means
  To get wealth under them, will not complain,
  Lest thereby they should make them odious
  Unto the people.  For other obligation
  Of love or marriage between her and me
  They never dream of.

  DELIO.                The Lord Ferdinand
  Is going to bed.

       [Enter DUCHESS, FERDINAND, and Attendants]

  FERDINAND.        I 'll instantly to bed,
  For I am weary.--I am to bespeak
  A husband for you.

  DUCHESS.            For me, sir!  Pray, who is 't?

  FERDINAND.  The great Count Malatesti.

  DUCHESS.                                Fie upon him!
  A count!  He 's a mere stick of sugar-candy;
  You may look quite through him.  When I choose
  A husband, I will marry for your honour.

  FERDINAND.  You shall do well in 't.--How is 't, worthy Antonio?

  DUCHESS.  But, sir, I am to have private conference with you
  About a scandalous report is spread
  Touching mine honour.

  FERDINAND.             Let me be ever deaf to 't:
  One of Pasquil's paper-bullets,[74] court-calumny,
  A pestilent air, which princes' palaces
  Are seldom purg'd of.  Yet, say that it were true,
  I pour it in your bosom, my fix'd love
  Would strongly excuse, extenuate, nay, deny
  Faults, were they apparent in you.  Go, be safe
  In your own innocency.

  DUCHESS.  [Aside.]      O bless'd comfort!
  This deadly air is purg'd.
       Exeunt [DUCHESS, ANTONIO, DELIO, and Attendants.]

  FERDINAND.                  Her guilt treads on
  Hot-burning coulters.[75]
       Enter BOSOLA
                         Now, Bosola,
  How thrives our intelligence?[76]

  BOSOLA.                        Sir, uncertainly:
  'Tis rumour'd she hath had three bastards, but
  By whom we may go read i' the stars.

  FERDINAND.                            Why, some
  Hold opinion all things are written there.

  BOSOLA.  Yes, if we could find spectacles to read them.
  I do suspect there hath been some sorcery
  Us'd on the duchess.

  FERDINAND.            Sorcery! to what purpose?

  BOSOLA.  To make her dote on some desertless fellow
  She shames to acknowledge.

  FERDINAND.                  Can your faith give way
  To think there 's power in potions or in charms,
  To make us love whether we will or no?

  BOSOLA.  Most certainly.

  FERDINAND.  Away! these are mere gulleries,[77] horrid things,
  Invented by some cheating mountebanks
  To abuse us.  Do you think that herbs or charms
  Can force the will?  Some trials have been made
  In this foolish practice, but the ingredients
  Were lenitive[78] poisons, such as are of force
  To make the patient mad; and straight the witch
  Swears by equivocation they are in love.
  The witch-craft lies in her rank blood.  This night
  I will force confession from her.  You told me
  You had got, within these two days, a false key
  Into her bed-chamber.

  BOSOLA.                I have.

  FERDINAND.                      As I would wish.

  BOSOLA.  What do you intend to do?

  FERDINAND.                          Can you guess?

  BOSOLA.                                             No.

  FERDINAND.  Do not ask, then:
  He that can compass me, and know my drifts,
  May say he hath put a girdle 'bout the world,
  And sounded all her quick-sands.

  BOSOLA.                           I do not
  Think so.

  FERDINAND.  What do you think, then, pray?

  BOSOLA.                                     That you
  Are your own chronicle too much, and grossly
  Flatter yourself.

  FERDINAND.         Give me thy hand; I thank thee:
  I never gave pension but to flatterers,
  Till I entertained thee.  Farewell.
  That friend a great man's ruin strongly checks,
  Who rails into his belief all his defects.
       Exeunt.

Scene II

       [Enter] DUCHESS, ANTONIO, and CARIOLA

  DUCHESS.  Bring me the casket hither, and the glass.--
  You get no lodging here to-night, my lord.

  ANTONIO.  Indeed, I must persuade one.

  DUCHESS.                                Very good:
  I hope in time 'twill grow into a custom,
  That noblemen shall come with cap and knee
  To purchase a night's lodging of their wives.

  ANTONIO.  I must lie here.

  DUCHESS.                    Must!  You are a lord of mis-rule.

  ANTONIO.  Indeed, my rule is only in the night.

  DUCHESS.  I 'll stop your mouth.
       [Kisses him.]

  ANTONIO.  Nay, that 's but one; Venus had two soft doves
  To draw her chariot; I must have another.--
       [She kisses him again.]
  When wilt thou marry, Cariola?

  CARIOLA.                        Never, my lord.

  ANTONIO.  O, fie upon this single life! forgo it.
  We read how Daphne, for her peevish [flight,][80]
  Became a fruitless bay-tree; Syrinx turn'd
  To the pale empty reed; Anaxarete
  Was frozen into marble:  whereas those
  Which married, or prov'd kind unto their friends,
  Were by a gracious influence transhap'd
  Into the olive, pomegranate, mulberry,
  Became flowers, precious stones, or eminent stars.

  CARIOLA.  This is a vain poetry:  but I pray you, tell me,
  If there were propos'd me, wisdom, riches, and beauty,
  In three several young men, which should I choose?

  ANTONIO.  'Tis a hard question.  This was Paris' case,
  And he was blind in 't, and there was a great cause;
  For how was 't possible he could judge right,
  Having three amorous goddesses in view,
  And they stark naked?  'Twas a motion
  Were able to benight the apprehension
  Of the severest counsellor of Europe.
  Now I look on both your faces so well form'd,
  It puts me in mind of a question I would ask.

  CARIOLA.  What is 't?

  ANTONIO.               I do wonder why hard-favour'd ladies,
  For the most part, keep worse-favour'd waiting-women
  To attend them, and cannot endure fair ones.

  DUCHESS.  O, that 's soon answer'd.
  Did you ever in your life know an ill painter
  Desire to have his dwelling next door to the shop
  Of an excellent picture-maker?  'Twould disgrace
  His face-making, and undo him.  I prithee,
  When were we so merry?--My hair tangles.

  ANTONIO.  Pray thee, Cariola, let 's steal forth the room,
  And let her talk to herself:  I have divers times
  Serv'd her the like, when she hath chaf'd extremely.
  I love to see her angry.  Softly, Cariola.
       Exeunt [ANTONIO and CARIOLA.]

  DUCHESS.  Doth not the colour of my hair 'gin to change?
  When I wax gray, I shall have all the court
  Powder their hair with arras,[81] to be like me.
  You have cause to love me; I ent'red you into my heart
       [Enter FERDINAND unseen]
  Before you would vouchsafe to call for the keys.
  We shall one day have my brothers take you napping.
  Methinks his presence, being now in court,
  Should make you keep your own bed; but you 'll say
  Love mix'd with fear is sweetest.  I 'll assure you,
  You shall get no more children till my brothers
  Consent to be your gossips.  Have you lost your tongue?
  'Tis welcome:
  For know, whether I am doom'd to live or die,
  I can do both like a prince.

  FERDINAND.                    Die, then, quickly!
       Giving her a poniard.
  Virtue, where art thou hid?  What hideous thing
  Is it that doth eclipse thee?

  DUCHESS.                       Pray, sir, hear me.

  FERDINAND.  Or is it true thou art but a bare name,
  And no essential thing?

  DUCHESS.                 Sir----

  FERDINAND.                        Do not speak.

  DUCHESS.  No, sir:
  I will plant my soul in mine ears, to hear you.

  FERDINAND.  O most imperfect light of human reason,
  That mak'st [us] so unhappy to foresee
  What we can least prevent!  Pursue thy wishes,
  And glory in them:  there 's in shame no comfort
  But to be past all bounds and sense of shame.

  DUCHESS.  I pray, sir, hear me:  I am married.

  FERDINAND.                                      So!

  DUCHESS.  Happily, not to your liking:  but for that,
  Alas, your shears do come untimely now
  To clip the bird's wings that 's already flown!
  Will you see my husband?

  FERDINAND.                Yes, if I could change
  Eyes with a basilisk.

  DUCHESS.               Sure, you came hither
  By his confederacy.

  FERDINAND.           The howling of a wolf
  Is music to thee, screech-owl:  prithee, peace.--
  Whate'er thou art that hast enjoy'd my sister,
  For I am sure thou hear'st me, for thine own sake
  Let me not know thee.  I came hither prepar'd
  To work thy discovery; yet am now persuaded
  It would beget such violent effects
  As would damn us both.  I would not for ten millions
  I had beheld thee:  therefore use all means
  I never may have knowledge of thy name;
  Enjoy thy lust still, and a wretched life,
  On that condition.--And for thee, vile woman,
  If thou do wish thy lecher may grow old
  In thy embracements, I would have thee build
  Such a room for him as our anchorites
  To holier use inhabit.  Let not the sun
  Shine on him till he 's dead; let dogs and monkeys
  Only converse with him, and such dumb things
  To whom nature denies use to sound his name;
  Do not keep a paraquito, lest she learn it;
  If thou do love him, cut out thine own tongue,
  Lest it bewray him.

  DUCHESS.             Why might not I marry?
  I have not gone about in this to create
  Any new world or custom.

  FERDINAND.                Thou art undone;
  And thou hast ta'en that massy sheet of lead
  That hid thy husband's bones, and folded it
  About my heart.

  DUCHESS.         Mine bleeds for 't.

  FERDINAND.                            Thine! thy heart!
  What should I name 't unless a hollow bullet
  Fill'd with unquenchable wild-fire?

  DUCHESS.                             You are in this
  Too strict; and were you not my princely brother,
  I would say, too wilful:  my reputation
  Is safe.

  FERDINAND.  Dost thou know what reputation is?
  I 'll tell thee,--to small purpose, since the instruction
  Comes now too late.
  Upon a time Reputation, Love, and Death,
  Would travel o'er the world; and it was concluded
  That they should part, and take three several ways.
  Death told them, they should find him in great battles,
  Or cities plagu'd with plagues:  Love gives them counsel
  To inquire for him 'mongst unambitious shepherds,
  Where dowries were not talk'd of, and sometimes
  'Mongst quiet kindred that had nothing left
  By their dead parents:  'Stay,' quoth Reputation,
  'Do not forsake me; for it is my nature,
  If once I part from any man I meet,
  I am never found again.' And so for you:
  You have shook hands with Reputation,
  And made him invisible.  So, fare you well:
  I will never see you more.

  DUCHESS.                    Why should only I,
  Of all the other princes of the world,
  Be cas'd up, like a holy relic?  I have youth
  And a little beauty.

  FERDINAND.            So you have some virgins
  That are witches.  I will never see thee more.
       Exit.

       Re-enter ANTONIO with a pistol, [and CARIOLA]

  DUCHESS.  You saw this apparition?

  ANTONIO.                            Yes:  we are
  Betray'd.  How came he hither?  I should turn
  This to thee, for that.

  CARIOLA.                 Pray, sir, do; and when
  That you have cleft my heart, you shall read there
  Mine innocence.

  DUCHESS.         That gallery gave him entrance.

  ANTONIO.  I would this terrible thing would come again,
  That, standing on my guard, I might relate
  My warrantable love.--
       (She shows the poniard.)
                          Ha! what means this?

  DUCHESS.  He left this with me.

  ANTONIO.                         And it seems did wish
  You would use it on yourself.

  DUCHESS.                       His action seem'd
  To intend so much.

  ANTONIO.            This hath a handle to 't,
  As well as a point:  turn it towards him, and
  So fasten the keen edge in his rank gall.
       [Knocking within.]
  How now! who knocks?  More earthquakes?

  DUCHESS.                                 I stand
  As if a mine beneath my feet were ready
  To be blown up.

  CARIOLA.         'Tis Bosola.

  DUCHESS.                       Away!
  O misery! methinks unjust actions
  Should wear these masks and curtains, and not we.
  You must instantly part hence:  I have fashion'd it already.
       Exit ANTONIO.

       Enter BOSOLA

  BOSOLA.  The duke your brother is ta'en up in a whirlwind;
  Hath took horse, and 's rid post to Rome.

  DUCHESS.                                   So late?

  BOSOLA.  He told me, as he mounted into the saddle,
  You were undone.

  DUCHESS.          Indeed, I am very near it.

  BOSOLA.  What 's the matter?

  DUCHESS.  Antonio, the master of our household,
  Hath dealt so falsely with me in 's accounts.
  My brother stood engag'd with me for money
  Ta'en up of certain Neapolitan Jews,
  And Antonio lets the bonds be forfeit.

  BOSOLA.  Strange!--[Aside.] This is cunning.

  DUCHESS.  And hereupon
  My brother's bills at Naples are protested
  Against.--Call up our officers.

  BOSOLA.                          I shall.
       Exit.

       [Re-enter ANTONIO]

  DUCHESS.  The place that you must fly to is Ancona:
  Hire a house there; I 'll send after you
  My treasure and my jewels.  Our weak safety
  Runs upon enginous wheels:[82] short syllables
  Must stand for periods.  I must now accuse you
  Of such a feigned crime as Tasso calls
  Magnanima menzogna, a noble lie,
  'Cause it must shield our honours.--Hark! they are coming.

       [Re-enter BOSOLA and Officers]

  ANTONIO.  Will your grace hear me?

  DUCHESS.  I have got well by you; you have yielded me
  A million of loss:  I am like to inherit
  The people's curses for your stewardship.
  You had the trick in audit-time to be sick,
  Till I had sign'd your quietus;[83] and that cur'd you
  Without help of a doctor.--Gentlemen,
  I would have this man be an example to you all;
  So shall you hold my favour; I pray, let him;
  For h'as done that, alas, you would not think of,
  And, because I intend to be rid of him,
  I mean not to publish.--Use your fortune elsewhere.

  ANTONIO.  I am strongly arm'd to brook my overthrow,
  As commonly men bear with a hard year.
  I will not blame the cause on 't; but do think
  The necessity of my malevolent star
  Procures this, not her humour.  O, the inconstant
  And rotten ground of service!  You may see,
  'Tis even like him, that in a winter night,
  Takes a long slumber o'er a dying fire,
  A-loth to part from 't; yet parts thence as cold
  As when he first sat down.

  DUCHESS.                    We do confiscate,
  Towards the satisfying of your accounts,
  All that you have.

  ANTONIO.            I am all yours; and 'tis very fit
  All mine should be so.

  DUCHESS.                So, sir, you have your pass.

  ANTONIO.  You may see, gentlemen, what 'tis to serve
  A prince with body and soul.
       Exit.

  BOSOLA.  Here 's an example for extortion:  what moisture is drawn
  out of the sea, when foul weather comes, pours down, and runs into
  the sea again.

  DUCHESS.  I would know what are your opinions
  Of this Antonio.

  SECOND OFFICER.  He could not abide to see a pig's head gaping:
  I thought your grace would find him a Jew.

  THIRD OFFICER.  I would you had been his officer, for your own sake.

  FOURTH OFFICER.  You would have had more money.

  FIRST OFFICER.  He stopped his ears with black wool, and to those came
  to him for money said he was thick of hearing.

  SECOND OFFICER.  Some said he was an hermaphrodite, for he could not
  abide a woman.

  FOURTH OFFICER.  How scurvy proud he would look when the treasury
  was full!  Well, let him go.

  FIRST OFFICER.  Yes, and the chippings of the buttery fly after him,
  to scour his gold chain.[84]

  DUCHESS.  Leave us.
       Exeunt [Officers.]
  What do you think of these?

  BOSOLA.  That these are rogues that in 's prosperity,
  But to have waited on his fortune, could have wish'd
  His dirty stirrup riveted through their noses,
  And follow'd after 's mule, like a bear in a ring;
  Would have prostituted their daughters to his lust;
  Made their first-born intelligencers;[85] thought none happy
  But such as were born under his blest planet,
  And wore his livery:  and do these lice drop off now?
  Well, never look to have the like again:
  He hath left a sort[86] of flattering rogues behind him;
  Their doom must follow.  Princes pay flatterers
  In their own money:  flatterers dissemble their vices,
  And they dissemble their lies; that 's justice.
  Alas, poor gentleman!

  DUCHESS.  Poor! he hath amply fill'd his coffers.

  BOSOLA.  Sure, he was too honest.  Pluto,[87] the god of riches,
  When he 's sent by Jupiter to any man,
  He goes limping, to signify that wealth
  That comes on God's name comes slowly; but when he's sent
  On the devil's errand, he rides post and comes in by scuttles.[88]
  Let me show you what a most unvalu'd jewel
  You have in a wanton humour thrown away,
  To bless the man shall find him.  He was an excellent
  Courtier and most faithful; a soldier that thought it
  As beastly to know his own value too little
  As devilish to acknowledge it too much.
  Both his virtue and form deserv'd a far better fortune:
  His discourse rather delighted to judge itself than show itself:
  His breast was fill'd with all perfection,
  And yet it seemed a private whisp'ring-room,
  It made so little noise of 't.

  DUCHESS.  But he was basely descended.

  BOSOLA.  Will you make yourself a mercenary herald,
  Rather to examine men's pedigrees than virtues?
  You shall want[89] him:
  For know an honest statesman to a prince
  Is like a cedar planted by a spring;
  The spring bathes the tree's root, the grateful tree
  Rewards it with his shadow:  you have not done so.
  I would sooner swim to the Bermoothes on
  Two politicians' rotten bladders, tied
  Together with an intelligencer's heart-string,
  Than depend on so changeable a prince's favour.
  Fare thee well, Antonio!  Since the malice of the world
  Would needs down with thee, it cannot be said yet
  That any ill happen'd unto thee, considering thy fall
  Was accompanied with virtue.

  DUCHESS.  O, you render me excellent music!

  BOSOLA.                                      Say you?

  DUCHESS.  This good one that you speak of is my husband.

  BOSOLA.  Do I not dream?  Can this ambitious age
  Have so much goodness in 't as to prefer
  A man merely for worth, without these shadows
  Of wealth and painted honours?  Possible?

  DUCHESS.  I have had three children by him.

  BOSOLA.                                      Fortunate lady!
  For you have made your private nuptial bed
  The humble and fair seminary of peace,
  No question but:  many an unbenefic'd scholar
  Shall pray for you for this deed, and rejoice
  That some preferment in the world can yet
  Arise from merit.  The virgins of your land
  That have no dowries shall hope your example
  Will raise them to rich husbands.  Should you want
  Soldiers, 'twould make the very Turks and Moors
  Turn Christians, and serve you for this act.
  Last, the neglected poets of your time,
  In honour of this trophy of a man,
  Rais'd by that curious engine, your white hand,
  Shall thank you, in your grave, for 't; and make that
  More reverend than all the cabinets
  Of living princes.  For Antonio,
  His fame shall likewise flow from many a pen,
  When heralds shall want coats to sell to men.

  DUCHESS.  As I taste comfort in this friendly speech,
  So would I find concealment.

  BOSOLA.  O, the secret of my prince,
  Which I will wear on th' inside of my heart!

  DUCHESS.  You shall take charge of all my coin and jewels,
  And follow him; for he retires himself
  To Ancona.

  BOSOLA.     So.

  DUCHESS.         Whither, within few days,
  I mean to follow thee.

  BOSOLA.                 Let me think:
  I would wish your grace to feign a pilgrimage
  To our Lady of Loretto, scarce seven leagues
  ]From fair Ancona; so may you depart
  Your country with more honour, and your flight
  Will seem a princely progress, retaining
  Your usual train about you.

  DUCHESS.                     Sir, your direction
  Shall lead me by the hand.

  CARIOLA.                    In my opinion,
  She were better progress to the baths at Lucca,
  Or go visit the Spa
  In Germany; for, if you will believe me,
  I do not like this jesting with religion,
  This feigned pilgrimage.

  DUCHESS.  Thou art a superstitious fool:
  Prepare us instantly for our departure.
  Past sorrows, let us moderately lament them,
  For those to come, seek wisely to prevent them.
       [Exeunt DUCHESS and CARIOLA.]

  BOSOLA.  A politician is the devil's quilted anvil;
  He fashions all sins on him, and the blows
  Are never heard:  he may work in a lady's chamber,
  As here for proof.  What rests[90] but I reveal
  All to my lord?  O, this base quality[91]
  Of intelligencer!  Why, every quality i' the world
  Prefers but gain or commendation:
  Now, for this act I am certain to be rais'd,
  And men that paint weeds to the life are prais'd.
       [Exit.]

Scene III

       [Enter] CARDINAL, FERDINAND, MALATESTI, PESCARA, DELIO,
       and SILVIO

  CARDINAL.  Must we turn soldier, then?

  MALATESTI.                              The emperor,
  Hearing your worth that way, ere you attain'd
  This reverend garment, joins you in commission
  With the right fortunate soldier the Marquis of Pescara,
  And the famous Lannoy.

  CARDINAL.               He that had the honour
  Of taking the French king prisoner?

  MALATESTI.                           The same.
  Here 's a plot drawn for a new fortification
  At Naples.

  FERDINAND.  This great Count Malatesti, I perceive,
  Hath got employment?

  DELIO.                No employment, my lord;
  A marginal note in the muster-book, that he is
  A voluntary lord.

  FERDINAND.         He 's no soldier.

  DELIO.  He has worn gun-powder in 's hollow tooth for the tooth-ache.

  SILVIO.  He comes to the leaguer with a full intent
  To eat fresh beef and garlic, means to stay
  Till the scent be gone, and straight return to court.

  DELIO.  He hath read all the late service
  As the City-Chronicle relates it;
  And keeps two pewterers going, only to express
  Battles in model.

  SILVIO.            Then he 'll fight by the book.

  DELIO.  By the almanac, I think,
  To choose good days and shun the critical;
  That 's his mistress' scarf.

  SILVIO.                       Yes, he protests
  He would do much for that taffeta.

  DELIO.  I think he would run away from a battle,
  To save it from taking prisoner.

  SILVIO.                           He is horribly afraid
  Gun-powder will spoil the perfume on 't.

  DELIO.  I saw a Dutchman break his pate once
  For calling him pot-gun; he made his head
  Have a bore in 't like a musket.

  SILVIO.  I would he had made a touch-hole to 't.
  He is indeed a guarded sumpter-cloth,[93]
  Only for the remove of the court.

       [Enter BOSOLA]

  PESCARA.  Bosola arriv'd!  What should be the business?
  Some falling-out amongst the cardinals.
  These factions amongst great men, they are like
  Foxes, when their heads are divided,
  They carry fire in their tails, and all the country
  About them goes to wrack for 't.

  SILVIO.                           What 's that Bosola?

  DELIO.  I knew him in Padua,--a fantastical scholar, like such who
  study to know how many knots was in Hercules' club, of what colour
  Achilles' beard was, or whether Hector were not troubled with the
  tooth-ache.  He hath studied himself half blear-eyed to know the true
  symmetry of Caesar's nose by a shoeing-horn; and this he did to gain
  the name of a speculative man.

  PESCARA.  Mark Prince Ferdinand:
  A very salamander lives in 's eye,
  To mock the eager violence of fire.

  SILVIO.  That cardinal hath made more bad faces with his oppression
  than ever Michael Angelo made good ones.  He lifts up 's nose, like
  a foul porpoise before a storm.

  PESCARA.  The Lord Ferdinand laughs.

  DELIO.                                Like a deadly cannon
  That lightens ere it smokes.

  PESCARA.  These are your true pangs of death,
  The pangs of life, that struggle with great statesmen.

  DELIO.  In such a deformed silence witches whisper their charms.

  CARDINAL.  Doth she make religion her riding-hood
  To keep her from the sun and tempest?

  FERDINAND.  That, that damns her.  Methinks her fault and beauty,
  Blended together, show like leprosy,
  The whiter, the fouler.  I make it a question
  Whether her beggarly brats were ever christ'ned.

  CARDINAL.  I will instantly solicit the state of Ancona
  To have them banish'd.

  FERDINAND.              You are for Loretto:
  I shall not be at your ceremony; fare you well.--
  Write to the Duke of Malfi, my young nephew
  She had by her first husband, and acquaint him
  With 's mother's honesty.

  BOSOLA.                    I will.

  FERDINAND.                          Antonio!
  A slave that only smell'd of ink and counters,
  And never in 's life look'd like a gentleman,
  But in the audit-time.--Go, go presently,
  Draw me out an hundred and fifty of our horse,
  And meet me at the foot-bridge.
       Exeunt.

Scene IV

       [Enter] Two Pilgrims to the Shrine of our Lady of Loretto

  FIRST PILGRIM.  I have not seen a goodlier shrine than this;
  Yet I have visited many.

  SECOND PILGRIM.           The Cardinal of Arragon
  Is this day to resign his cardinal's hat:
  His sister duchess likewise is arriv'd
  To pay her vow of pilgrimage.  I expect
  A noble ceremony.

  FIRST PILGRIM.     No question.--They come.

       [Here the ceremony of the Cardinal's instalment, in the habit
       of a soldier, perform'd in delivering up his cross, hat, robes,
       and ring, at the shrine, and investing him with sword, helmet,
       shield, and spurs; then ANTONIO, the DUCHESS and their children,
       having presented themselves at the shrine, are, by a form
       of banishment in dumb-show expressed towards them by the
       CARDINAL and the state of Ancona, banished:  during all which
       ceremony, this ditty is sung, to very solemn music, by divers
       churchmen:  and then exeunt [all except the] Two Pilgrims.

  Arms and honours deck thy story,
  To thy fame's eternal glory!
  Adverse fortune ever fly thee;
  No disastrous fate come nigh thee!

  I alone will sing thy praises,
  Whom to honour virtue raises,
  And thy study, that divine is,
  Bent to martial discipline is,
  Lay aside all those robes lie by thee;
  Crown thy arts with arms, they 'll beautify thee.

  O worthy of worthiest name, adorn'd in this manner,
  Lead bravely thy forces on under war's warlike banner!
  O, mayst thou prove fortunate in all martial courses!
  Guide thou still by skill in arts and forces!
  Victory attend thee nigh, whilst fame sings loud thy powers;
  Triumphant conquest crown thy head, and blessings pour down
       showers![94]

  FIRST PILGRIM.
  Here 's a strange turn of state! who would have thought
  So great a lady would have match'd herself
  Unto so mean a person?  Yet the cardinal
  Bears himself much too cruel.

  SECOND PILGRIM.                They are banish'd.

  FIRST PILGRIM.  But I would ask what power hath this state
  Of Ancona to determine of a free prince?

  SECOND PILGRIM.  They are a free state, sir, and her brother show'd
  How that the Pope, fore-hearing of her looseness,
  Hath seiz'd into th' protection of the church
  The dukedom which she held as dowager.

  FIRST PILGRIM.  But by what justice?

  SECOND PILGRIM.                       Sure, I think by none,
  Only her brother's instigation.

  FIRST PILGRIM.  What was it with such violence he took
  Off from her finger?

  SECOND PILGRIM.       'Twas her wedding-ring;
  Which he vow'd shortly he would sacrifice
  To his revenge.

  FIRST PILGRIM.      Alas, Antonio!
  If that a man be thrust into a well,
  No matter who sets hand to 't, his own weight
  Will bring him sooner to th' bottom.  Come, let 's hence.
  Fortune makes this conclusion general,
  All things do help th' unhappy man to fall.
       Exeunt.

Scene V

       [Enter] DUCHESS, ANTONIO, Children, CARIOLA, and Servants

  DUCHESS.  Banish'd Ancona!

  ANTONIO.                    Yes, you see what power
  Lightens in great men's breath.

  DUCHESS.                         Is all our train
  Shrunk to this poor remainder?

  ANTONIO.                        These poor men
  Which have got little in your service, vow
  To take your fortune:  but your wiser buntings,[96]
  Now they are fledg'd, are gone.

  DUCHESS.                         They have done wisely.
  This puts me in mind of death:  physicians thus,
  With their hands full of money, use to give o'er
  Their patients.

  ANTONIO.         Right the fashion of the world:
  ]From decay'd fortunes every flatterer shrinks;
  Men cease to build where the foundation sinks.

  DUCHESS.  I had a very strange dream to-night.

  ANTONIO.                                        What was 't?

  DUCHESS.  Methought I wore my coronet of state,
  And on a sudden all the diamonds
  Were chang'd to pearls.

  ANTONIO.                 My interpretation
  Is, you 'll weep shortly; for to me the pearls
  Do signify your tears.

  DUCHESS.                The birds that live i' th' field
  On the wild benefit of nature live
  Happier than we; for they may choose their mates,
  And carol their sweet pleasures to the spring.

       [Enter BOSOLA with a letter]

  BOSOLA.  You are happily o'erta'en.

  DUCHESS.                             From my brother?

  BOSOLA.  Yes, from the Lord Ferdinand your brother
  All love and safety.

  DUCHESS.              Thou dost blanch mischief,
  Would'st make it white.  See, see, like to calm weather
  At sea before a tempest, false hearts speak fair
  To those they intend most mischief.
  [Reads.] 'Send Antonio to me; I want his head in a business.'
  A politic equivocation!
  He doth not want your counsel, but your head;
  That is, he cannot sleep till you be dead.
  And here 's another pitfall that 's strew'd o'er
  With roses; mark it, 'tis a cunning one:
       [Reads.]
    'I stand engaged for your husband for several debts at Naples:
    let not that trouble him; I had rather have his heart than his
    money':--
  And I believe so too.

  BOSOLA.                What do you believe?

  DUCHESS.  That he so much distrusts my husband's love,
  He will by no means believe his heart is with him
  Until he see it:  the devil is not cunning enough
  To circumvent us In riddles.

  BOSOLA.  Will you reject that noble and free league
  Of amity and love which I present you?

  DUCHESS.  Their league is like that of some politic kings,
  Only to make themselves of strength and power
  To be our after-ruin; tell them so.

  BOSOLA.  And what from you?

  ANTONIO.                     Thus tell him; I will not come.

  BOSOLA.  And what of this?

  ANTONIO.                    My brothers have dispers'd
  Bloodhounds abroad; which till I hear are muzzl'd,
  No truce, though hatch'd with ne'er such politic skill,
  Is safe, that hangs upon our enemies' will.
  I 'll not come at them.

  BOSOLA.                  This proclaims your breeding.
  Every small thing draws a base mind to fear,
  As the adamant draws iron.  Fare you well, sir;
  You shall shortly hear from 's.
       Exit.

  DUCHESS.                         I suspect some ambush;
  Therefore by all my love I do conjure you
  To take your eldest son, and fly towards Milan.
  Let us not venture all this poor remainder
  In one unlucky bottom.

  ANTONIO.                You counsel safely.
  Best of my life, farewell.  Since we must part,
  Heaven hath a hand in 't; but no otherwise
  Than as some curious artist takes in sunder
  A clock or watch, when it is out of frame,
  To bring 't in better order.

  DUCHESS.  I know not which is best,
  To see you dead, or part with you.--Farewell, boy:
  Thou art happy that thou hast not understanding
  To know thy misery; for all our wit
  And reading brings us to a truer sense
  Of sorrow.--In the eternal church, sir,
  I do hope we shall not part thus.

  ANTONIO.                           O, be of comfort!
  Make patience a noble fortitude,
  And think not how unkindly we are us'd:
  Man, like to cassia, is prov'd best, being bruis'd.

  DUCHESS.  Must I, like to slave-born Russian,
  Account it praise to suffer tyranny?
  And yet, O heaven, thy heavy hand is in 't!
  I have seen my little boy oft scourge his top,
  And compar'd myself to 't:  naught made me e'er
  Go right but heaven's scourge-stick.

  ANTONIO.                              Do not weep:
  Heaven fashion'd us of nothing; and we strive
  To bring ourselves to nothing.--Farewell, Cariola,
  And thy sweet armful.--If I do never see thee more,
  Be a good mother to your little ones,
  And save them from the tiger:  fare you well.

  DUCHESS.  Let me look upon you once more, for that speech
  Came from a dying father.  Your kiss is colder
  Than that I have seen an holy anchorite
  Give to a dead man's skull.

  ANTONIO.  My heart is turn'd to a heavy lump of lead,
  With which I sound my danger:  fare you well.
       Exeunt [ANTONIO and his son.]

  DUCHESS.  My laurel is all withered.

  CARIOLA.  Look, madam, what a troop of armed men
  Make toward us!

       Re-enter BOSOLA [visarded,] with a Guard

  DUCHESS.         O, they are very welcome:
  When Fortune's wheel is over-charg'd with princes,
  The weight makes it move swift:  I would have my ruin
  Be sudden.--I am your adventure, am I not?

  BOSOLA.  You are:  you must see your husband no more.

  DUCHESS.  What devil art thou that counterfeit'st heaven's thunder?

  BOSOLA.  Is that terrible?  I would have you tell me whether
  Is that note worse that frights the silly birds
  Out of the corn, or that which doth allure them
  To the nets?  You have heark'ned to the last too much.

  DUCHESS.  O misery! like to a rusty o'ercharg'd cannon,
  Shall I never fly in pieces?--Come, to what prison?

  BOSOLA.  To none.

  DUCHESS.           Whither, then?

  BOSOLA.                            To your palace.

  DUCHESS.                                            I have heard
  That Charon's boat serves to convey all o'er
  The dismal lake, but brings none back again.

  BOSOLA.  Your brothers mean you safety and pity.

  DUCHESS.                                          Pity!
  With such a pity men preserve alive
  Pheasants and quails, when they are not fat enough
  To be eaten.

  BOSOLA.  These are your children?

  DUCHESS.                           Yes.

  BOSOLA.                                  Can they prattle?

  DUCHESS.  No:
  But I intend, since they were born accurs'd,
  Curses shall be their first language.

  BOSOLA.                                Fie, madam!
  Forget this base, low fellow----

  DUCHESS.                          Were I a man,
  I 'd beat that counterfeit face[97] into thy other.

  BOSOLA.  One of no birth.

  DUCHESS.                   Say that he was born mean,
  Man is most happy when 's own actions
  Be arguments and examples of his virtue.

  BOSOLA.  A barren, beggarly virtue.

  DUCHESS.  I prithee, who is greatest?  Can you tell?
  Sad tales befit my woe:  I 'll tell you one.
  A salmon, as she swam unto the sea.
  Met with a dog-fish, who encounters her
  With this rough language; 'Why art thou so bold
  To mix thyself with our high state of floods,
  Being no eminent courtier, but one
  That for the calmest and fresh time o' th' year
  Dost live in shallow rivers, rank'st thyself
  With silly smelts and shrimps?  And darest thou
  Pass by our dog-ship without reverence?'
  'O,' quoth the salmon, 'sister, be at peace:
  Thank Jupiter we both have pass'd the net!
  Our value never can be truly known,
  Till in the fisher's basket we be shown:
  I' th' market then my price may be the higher,
  Even when I am nearest to the cook and fire.'
  So to great men the moral may be stretched;
  Men oft are valu'd high, when they're most wretched.--
  But come, whither you please.  I am arm'd 'gainst misery;
  Bent to all sways of the oppressor's will:
  There 's no deep valley but near some great hill.
       Exeunt.

Act IV. Scene I

[98]

       [Enter] FERDINAND and BOSOLA

  FERDINAND.  How doth our sister duchess bear herself
  In her imprisonment?

  BOSOLA.               Nobly:  I 'll describe her.
  She 's sad as one long us'd to 't, and she seems
  Rather to welcome the end of misery
  Than shun it; a behaviour so noble
  As gives a majesty to adversity:
  You may discern the shape of loveliness
  More perfect in her tears than in her smiles:
  She will muse for hours together; and her silence,
  Methinks, expresseth more than if she spake.

  FERDINAND.  Her melancholy seems to be fortified
  With a strange disdain.

  BOSOLA.                  'Tis so; and this restraint,
  Like English mastives that grow fierce with tying,
  Makes her too passionately apprehend
  Those pleasures she is kept from.

  FERDINAND.                         Curse upon her!
  I will no longer study in the book
  Of another's heart.  Inform her what I told you.
       Exit.

       [Enter DUCHESS and Attendants]

  BOSOLA.  All comfort to your grace!

  DUCHESS.                             I will have none.
  Pray thee, why dost thou wrap thy poison'd pills
  In gold and sugar?

  BOSOLA.  Your elder brother, the Lord Ferdinand,
  Is come to visit you, and sends you word,
  'Cause once he rashly made a solemn vow
  Never to see you more, he comes i' th' night;
  And prays you gently neither torch nor taper
  Shine in your chamber.  He will kiss your hand,
  And reconcile himself; but for his vow
  He dares not see you.

  DUCHESS.               At his pleasure.--
  Take hence the lights.--He 's come.
       [Exeunt Attendants with lights.]

       [Enter FERDINAND]

  FERDINAND.                           Where are you?

  DUCHESS.                                             Here, sir.

  FERDINAND.  This darkness suits you well.

  DUCHESS.                                   I would ask you pardon.

  FERDINAND.  You have it;
  For I account it the honorabl'st revenge,
  Where I may kill, to pardon.--Where are your cubs?

  DUCHESS.  Whom?

  FERDINAND.       Call them your children;
  For though our national law distinguish bastards
  ]From true legitimate issue, compassionate nature
  Makes them all equal.

  DUCHESS.               Do you visit me for this?
  You violate a sacrament o' th' church
  Shall make you howl in hell for 't.

  FERDINAND.                           It had been well,
  Could you have liv'd thus always; for, indeed,
  You were too much i' th' light:--but no more;
  I come to seal my peace with you.  Here 's a hand
       Gives her a dead man's hand.
  To which you have vow'd much love; the ring upon 't
  You gave.

  DUCHESS.  I affectionately kiss it.

  FERDINAND.  Pray, do, and bury the print of it in your heart.
  I will leave this ring with you for a love-token;
  And the hand as sure as the ring; and do not doubt
  But you shall have the heart too.  When you need a friend,
  Send it to him that ow'd it; you shall see
  Whether he can aid you.

  DUCHESS.                 You are very cold:
  I fear you are not well after your travel.--
  Ha! lights!----O, horrible!

  FERDINAND.                   Let her have lights enough.
       Exit.

  DUCHESS.  What witchcraft doth he practise, that he hath left
  A dead man's hand here?
       [Here is discovered, behind a traverse,[99] the artificial
       figures of ANTONIO and his children, appearing as if
       they were dead.

  BOSOLA.  Look you, here 's the piece from which 'twas ta'en.
  He doth present you this sad spectacle,
  That, now you know directly they are dead,
  Hereafter you may wisely cease to grieve
  For that which cannot be recovered.

  DUCHESS.  There is not between heaven and earth one wish
  I stay for after this.  It wastes me more
  Than were 't my picture, fashion'd out of wax,
  Stuck with a magical needle, and then buried
  In some foul dunghill; and yon 's an excellent property
  For a tyrant, which I would account mercy.

  BOSOLA.                                     What 's that?

  DUCHESS.  If they would bind me to that lifeless trunk,
  And let me freeze to death.

  BOSOLA.                      Come, you must live.

  DUCHESS.  That 's the greatest torture souls feel in hell,
  In hell, that they must live, and cannot die.
  Portia,[100] I 'll new kindle thy coals again,
  And revive the rare and almost dead example
  Of a loving wife.

  BOSOLA.            O, fie! despair?  Remember
  You are a Christian.

  DUCHESS.              The church enjoins fasting:
  I 'll starve myself to death.

  BOSOLA.                        Leave this vain sorrow.
  Things being at the worst begin to mend:  the bee
  When he hath shot his sting into your hand,
  May then play with your eye-lid.

  DUCHESS.                          Good comfortable fellow,
  Persuade a wretch that 's broke upon the wheel
  To have all his bones new set; entreat him live
  To be executed again.  Who must despatch me?
  I account this world a tedious theatre,
  For I do play a part in 't 'gainst my will.

  BOSOLA.  Come, be of comfort; I will save your life.

  DUCHESS.  Indeed, I have not leisure to tend so small a business.

  BOSOLA.  Now, by my life, I pity you.

  DUCHESS.                               Thou art a fool, then,
  To waste thy pity on a thing so wretched
  As cannot pity itself.  I am full of daggers.
  Puff, let me blow these vipers from me.
       [Enter Servant]
  What are you?

  SERVANT.       One that wishes you long life.

  DUCHESS.  I would thou wert hang'd for the horrible curse
  Thou hast given me:  I shall shortly grow one
  Of the miracles of pity.  I 'll go pray;--
       [Exit Servant.]
  No, I 'll go curse.

  BOSOLA.              O, fie!

  DUCHESS.                      I could curse the stars.

  BOSOLA.                                                 O, fearful!

  DUCHESS.  And those three smiling seasons of the year
  Into a Russian winter; nay, the world
  To its first chaos.

  BOSOLA.              Look you, the stars shine still[.]

  DUCHESS.  O, but you must
  Remember, my curse hath a great way to go.--
  Plagues, that make lanes through largest families,
  Consume them!--

  BOSOLA.          Fie, lady!

  DUCHESS.                     Let them, like tyrants,
  Never be remembered but for the ill they have done;
  Let all the zealous prayers of mortified
  Churchmen forget them!--

  BOSOLA.                   O, uncharitable!

  DUCHESS.  Let heaven a little while cease crowning martyrs,
  To punish them!--
  Go, howl them this, and say, I long to bleed:
  It is some mercy when men kill with speed.
       Exit.

       [Re-enter FERDINAND]

  FERDINAND.  Excellent, as I would wish; she 's plagu'd in art.[101]
  These presentations are but fram'd in wax
  By the curious master in that quality,[102]
  Vincentio Lauriola, and she takes them
  For true substantial bodies.

  BOSOLA.                       Why do you do this?

  FERDINAND.  To bring her to despair.

  BOSOLA.                               Faith, end here,
  And go no farther in your cruelty:
  Send her a penitential garment to put on
  Next to her delicate skin, and furnish her
  With beads and prayer-books.

  FERDINAND.                    Damn her! that body of hers.
  While that my blood run pure in 't, was more worth
  Than that which thou wouldst comfort, call'd a soul.
  I will send her masques of common courtezans,
  Have her meat serv'd up by bawds and ruffians,
  And, 'cause she 'll needs be mad, I am resolv'd
  To move forth the common hospital
  All the mad-folk, and place them near her lodging;
  There let them practise together, sing and dance,
  And act their gambols to the full o' th' moon:
  If she can sleep the better for it, let her.
  Your work is almost ended.

  BOSOLA.                     Must I see her again?

  FERDINAND.  Yes.

  BOSOLA.           Never.

  FERDINAND.                You must.

  BOSOLA.                              Never in mine own shape;
  That 's forfeited by my intelligence[103]
  And this last cruel lie:  when you send me next,
  The business shall be comfort.

  FERDINAND.                      Very likely;
  Thy pity is nothing of kin to thee, Antonio
  Lurks about Milan:  thou shalt shortly thither,
  To feed a fire as great as my revenge,
  Which nev'r will slack till it hath spent his fuel:
  Intemperate agues make physicians cruel.
       Exeunt.

Scene II

       [Enter] DUCHESS and CARIOLA

  DUCHESS.  What hideous noise was that?

  CARIOLA.                                'Tis the wild consort[105]
  Of madmen, lady, which your tyrant brother
  Hath plac'd about your lodging.  This tyranny,
  I think, was never practis'd till this hour.

  DUCHESS.  Indeed, I thank him.  Nothing but noise and folly
  Can keep me in my right wits; whereas reason
  And silence make me stark mad.  Sit down;
  Discourse to me some dismal tragedy.

  CARIOLA.  O, 'twill increase your melancholy!

  DUCHESS.                                       Thou art deceiv'd:
  To hear of greater grief would lessen mine.
  This is a prison?

  CARIOLA.           Yes, but you shall live
  To shake this durance off.

  DUCHESS.                    Thou art a fool:
  The robin-red-breast and the nightingale
  Never live long in cages.

  CARIOLA.                   Pray, dry your eyes.
  What think you of, madam?

  DUCHESS.                   Of nothing;
  When I muse thus, I sleep.

  CARIOLA.  Like a madman, with your eyes open?

  DUCHESS.  Dost thou think we shall know one another
  In th' other world?

  CARIOLA.             Yes, out of question.

  DUCHESS.  O, that it were possible we might
  But hold some two days' conference with the dead!
  ]From them I should learn somewhat, I am sure,
  I never shall know here.  I 'll tell thee a miracle:
  I am not mad yet, to my cause of sorrow:
  Th' heaven o'er my head seems made of molten brass,
  The earth of flaming sulphur, yet I am not mad.
  I am acquainted with sad misery
  As the tann'd galley-slave is with his oar;
  Necessity makes me suffer constantly,
  And custom makes it easy.  Who do I look like now?

  CARIOLA.  Like to your picture in the gallery,
  A deal of life in show, but none in practice;
  Or rather like some reverend monument
  Whose ruins are even pitied.

  DUCHESS.                      Very proper;
  And Fortune seems only to have her eye-sight
  To behold my tragedy.--How now!
  What noise is that?

       [Enter Servant]

  SERVANT.             I am come to tell you
  Your brother hath intended you some sport.
  A great physician, when the Pope was sick
  Of a deep melancholy, presented him
  With several sorts[106] of madmen, which wild object
  Being full of change and sport, forc'd him to laugh,
  And so the imposthume[107] broke:  the self-same cure
  The duke intends on you.

  DUCHESS.                  Let them come in.

  SERVANT.  There 's a mad lawyer; and a secular priest;
  A doctor that hath forfeited his wits
  By jealousy; an astrologian
  That in his works said such a day o' the month
  Should be the day of doom, and, failing of 't,
  Ran mad; an English tailor craz'd i' the brain
  With the study of new fashions; a gentleman-usher
  Quite beside himself with care to keep in mind
  The number of his lady's salutations
  Or 'How do you,' she employ'd him in each morning;
  A farmer, too, an excellent knave in grain,[108]
  Mad 'cause he was hind'red transportation:[109]
  And let one broker that 's mad loose to these,
  You'd think the devil were among them.

  DUCHESS.  Sit, Cariola.--Let them loose when you please,
  For I am chain'd to endure all your tyranny.

       [Enter Madman]

       Here by a Madman this song is sung to a dismal kind of music

  O, let us howl some heavy note,
    Some deadly dogged howl,
  Sounding as from the threatening throat
    Of beasts and fatal fowl!
  As ravens, screech-owls, bulls, and bears,
    We 'll bell, and bawl our parts,
  Till irksome noise have cloy'd your ears
    And corrosiv'd your hearts.
  At last, whenas our choir wants breath,
    Our bodies being blest,
  We 'll sing, like swans, to welcome death,
    And die in love and rest.

  FIRST MADMAN.  Doom's-day not come yet!  I 'll draw it nearer by
  a perspective,[110] or make a glass that shall set all the world
  on fire upon an instant.  I cannot sleep; my pillow is stuffed
  with a litter of porcupines.

  SECOND MADMAN.  Hell is a mere glass-house, where the devils
  are continually blowing up women's souls on hollow irons,
  and the fire never goes out.

  FIRST MADMAN.  I have skill in heraldry.

  SECOND MADMAN.  Hast?

  FIRST MADMAN.  You do give for your crest a woodcock's head
  with the brains picked out on 't; you are a very ancient gentleman.

  THIRD MADMAN.  Greek is turned Turk:  we are only to be saved by
  the Helvetian translation.[111]

  FIRST MADMAN.  Come on, sir, I will lay the law to you.

  SECOND MADMAN.  O, rather lay a corrosive:  the law will eat
  to the bone.

  THIRD MADMAN.  He that drinks but to satisfy nature is damn'd.

  FOURTH MADMAN.  If I had my glass here, I would show a sight should
  make all the women here call me mad doctor.

  FIRST MADMAN.  What 's he? a rope-maker?

  SECOND MADMAN.  No, no, no, a snuffling knave that, while he shows
  the tombs, will have his hand in a wench's placket.[112]

  THIRD MADMAN.  Woe to the caroche[113] that brought home my wife
  from the masque at three o'clock in the morning!  It had a large
  feather-bed in it.

  FOURTH MADMAN.  I have pared the devil's nails forty times, roasted
  them in raven's eggs, and cured agues with them.

  THIRD MADMAN.  Get me three hundred milch-bats, to make possets[114]
  to procure sleep.

  FOURTH MADMAN.  All the college may throw their caps at me:
  I have made a soap-boiler costive; it was my masterpiece.

       Here the dance, consisting of Eight Madmen, with music
       answerable thereunto; after which, BOSOLA, like an old man,
       enters.

  DUCHESS.  Is he mad too?

  SERVANT.                  Pray, question him.  I 'll leave you.
       [Exeunt Servant and Madmen.]

  BOSOLA.  I am come to make thy tomb.

  DUCHESS.                              Ha! my tomb!
  Thou speak'st as if I lay upon my death-bed,
  Gasping for breath.  Dost thou perceive me sick?

  BOSOLA.
  Yes, and the more dangerously, since thy sickness is insensible.

  DUCHESS.  Thou art not mad, sure:  dost know me?

  BOSOLA.                                           Yes.

  DUCHESS.                                                Who am I?

  BOSOLA.  Thou art a box of worm-seed, at best but a salvatory[115]
  of green mummy.[116] What 's this flesh? a little crudded[117] milk,
  fantastical puff-paste.  Our bodies are weaker than those paper-
  prisons boys use to keep flies in; more contemptible, since ours
  is to preserve earth-worms.  Didst thou ever see a lark in a cage?
  Such is the soul in the body:  this world is like her little turf
  of grass, and the heaven o'er our heads like her looking-glass, only
  gives us a miserable knowledge of the small compass of our prison.

  DUCHESS.  Am not I thy duchess?

  BOSOLA.  Thou art some great woman, sure, for riot begins to sit
  on thy forehead (clad in gray hairs) twenty years sooner than on
  a merry milk-maid's.  Thou sleepest worse than if a mouse should be
  forced to take up her lodging in a cat's ear:  a little infant that
  breeds its teeth, should it lie with thee, would cry out, as if thou
  wert the more unquiet bedfellow.

  DUCHESS.  I am Duchess of Malfi still.

  BOSOLA.  That makes thy sleep so broken:
  Glories, like glow-worms, afar off shine bright,
  But, look'd to near, have neither heat nor light.

  DUCHESS.  Thou art very plain.

  BOSOLA.  My trade is to flatter the dead, not the living;
  I am a tomb-maker.

  DUCHESS.  And thou comest to make my tomb?

  BOSOLA.  Yes.

  DUCHESS.  Let me be a little merry:--of what stuff wilt thou make it?

  BOSOLA.  Nay, resolve me first, of what fashion?

  DUCHESS.  Why, do we grow fantastical on our deathbed?
  Do we affect fashion in the grave?

  BOSOLA.  Most ambitiously.  Princes' images on their tombs do not
  lie, as they were wont, seeming to pray up to heaven; but with their
  hands under their cheeks, as if they died of the tooth-ache.  They
  are not carved with their eyes fix'd upon the stars, but as their
  minds were wholly bent upon the world, the selfsame way they seem
  to turn their faces.

  DUCHESS.  Let me know fully therefore the effect
  Of this thy dismal preparation,
  This talk fit for a charnel.

  BOSOLA.                       Now I shall:--
       [Enter Executioners, with] a coffin, cords, and a bell
  Here is a present from your princely brothers;
  And may it arrive welcome, for it brings
  Last benefit, last sorrow.

  DUCHESS.                    Let me see it:
  I have so much obedience in my blood,
  I wish it in their veins to do them good.

  BOSOLA.  This is your last presence-chamber.

  CARIOLA.  O my sweet lady!

  DUCHESS.                    Peace; it affrights not me.

  BOSOLA.  I am the common bellman
  That usually is sent to condemn'd persons
  The night before they suffer.

  DUCHESS.                       Even now thou said'st
  Thou wast a tomb-maker.

  BOSOLA.                  'Twas to bring you
  By degrees to mortification.  Listen.

    Hark, now everything is still,
    The screech-owl and the whistler shrill
    Call upon our dame aloud,
    And bid her quickly don her shroud!
    Much you had of land and rent;
    Your length in clay 's now competent:
    A long war disturb'd your mind;
    Here your perfect peace is sign'd.
    Of what is 't fools make such vain keeping?
    Sin their conception, their birth weeping,
    Their life a general mist of error,
    Their death a hideous storm of terror.
    Strew your hair with powders sweet,
    Don clean linen, bathe your feet,
    And (the foul fiend more to check)
    A crucifix let bless your neck.
    'Tis now full tide 'tween night and day;
    End your groan, and come away.

  CARIOLA.  Hence, villains, tyrants, murderers! Alas!
  What will you do with my lady?--Call for help!

  DUCHESS.  To whom?  To our next neighbours?  They are mad-folks.

  BOSOLA.  Remove that noise.

  DUCHESS.                     Farewell, Cariola.
  In my last will I have not much to give:
  A many hungry guests have fed upon me;
  Thine will be a poor reversion.

  CARIOLA.                         I will die with her.

  DUCHESS.  I pray thee, look thou giv'st my little boy
  Some syrup for his cold, and let the girl
  Say her prayers ere she sleep.
       [Cariola is forced out by the Executioners.]
  Now what you please:
  What death?

  BOSOLA.       Strangling; here are your executioners.

  DUCHESS.  I forgive them:
  The apoplexy, catarrh, or cough o' th' lungs,
  Would do as much as they do.

  BOSOLA.  Doth not death fright you?

  DUCHESS.                             Who would be afraid on 't,
  Knowing to meet such excellent company
  In th' other world?

  BOSOLA.  Yet, methinks,
  The manner of your death should much afflict you:
  This cord should terrify you.

  DUCHESS.                       Not a whit:
  What would it pleasure me to have my throat cut
  With diamonds? or to be smothered
  With cassia? or to be shot to death with pearls?
  I know death hath ten thousand several doors
  For men to take their exits; and 'tis found
  They go on such strange geometrical hinges,
  You may open them both ways:  any way, for heaven-sake,
  So I were out of your whispering.  Tell my brothers
  That I perceive death, now I am well awake,
  Best gift is they can give or I can take.
  I would fain put off my last woman's-fault,
  I 'd not be tedious to you.

  FIRST EXECUTIONER.           We are ready.

  DUCHESS.  Dispose my breath how please you; but my body
  Bestow upon my women, will you?

  FIRST EXECUTIONER.               Yes.

  DUCHESS.  Pull, and pull strongly, for your able strength
  Must pull down heaven upon me:--
  Yet stay; heaven-gates are not so highly arch'd
  As princes' palaces; they that enter there
  Must go upon their knees [Kneels].--Come, violent death,
  Serve for mandragora to make me sleep!--
  Go tell my brothers, when I am laid out,
  They then may feed in quiet.
       They strangle her.

  BOSOLA.  Where 's the waiting-woman??
  Fetch her:  some other strangle the children.
       [Enter CARIOLA]
  Look you, there sleeps your mistress.

  CARIOLA.                               O, you are damn'd
  Perpetually for this!  My turn is next;
  Is 't not so ordered?

  BOSOLA.                Yes, and I am glad
  You are so well prepar'd for 't.

  CARIOLA.                          You are deceiv'd, sir,
  I am not prepar'd for 't, I will not die;
  I will first come to my answer,[118] and know
  How I have offended.

  BOSOLA.               Come, despatch her.--
  You kept her counsel; now you shall keep ours.

  CARIOLA.  I will not die, I must not; I am contracted
  To a young gentleman.

  FIRST EXECUTIONER.     Here 's your wedding-ring.

  CARIOLA.  Let me but speak with the duke.  I 'll discover
  Treason to his person.

  BOSOLA.                 Delays:--throttle her.

  FIRST EXECUTIONER.  She bites and scratches.

  CARIOLA.                                      If you kill me now,
  I am damn'd; I have not been at confession
  This two years.

  BOSOLA.  [To Executioners.] When?[119]

  CARIOLA.                           I am quick with child.

  BOSOLA.                                                    Why, then,
  Your credit 's saved.
       [Executioners strangle Cariola.]
                         Bear her into the next room;
  Let these lie still.
       [Exeunt the Executioners with the body of CARIOLA.]

       [Enter FERDINAND]

  FERDINAND.            Is she dead?

  BOSOLA.                             She is what
  You 'd have her.  But here begin your pity:
       Shows the Children strangled.
  Alas, how have these offended?

  FERDINAND.                      The death
  Of young wolves is never to be pitied.

  BOSOLA.  Fix your eye here.

  FERDINAND.                   Constantly.

  BOSOLA.                                   Do you not weep?
  Other sins only speak; murder shrieks out.
  The element of water moistens the earth,
  But blood flies upwards and bedews the heavens.

  FERDINAND.  Cover her face; mine eyes dazzle:  she died young.

  BOSOLA.  I think not so; her infelicity
  Seem'd to have years too many.

  FERDINAND.  She and I were twins;
  And should I die this instant, I had liv'd
  Her time to a minute.

  BOSOLA.                It seems she was born first:
  You have bloodily approv'd the ancient truth,
  That kindred commonly do worse agree
  Than remote strangers.

  FERDINAND.              Let me see her face
  Again.  Why didst thou not pity her?  What
  An excellent honest man mightst thou have been,
  If thou hadst borne her to some sanctuary!
  Or, bold in a good cause, oppos'd thyself,
  With thy advanced sword above thy head,
  Between her innocence and my revenge!
  I bade thee, when I was distracted of my wits,
  Go kill my dearest friend, and thou hast done 't.
  For let me but examine well the cause:
  What was the meanness of her match to me?
  Only I must confess I had a hope,
  Had she continu'd widow, to have gain'd
  An infinite mass of treasure by her death:
  And that was the main cause,--her marriage,
  That drew a stream of gall quite through my heart.
  For thee, as we observe in tragedies
  That a good actor many times is curs'd
  For playing a villain's part, I hate thee for 't,
  And, for my sake, say, thou hast done much ill well.

  BOSOLA.  Let me quicken your memory, for I perceive
  You are falling into ingratitude:  I challenge
  The reward due to my service.

  FERDINAND.                     I 'll tell thee
  What I 'll give thee.

  BOSOLA.                Do.

  FERDINAND.                  I 'll give thee a pardon
  For this murder.

  BOSOLA.           Ha!

  FERDINAND.             Yes, and 'tis
  The largest bounty I can study to do thee.
  By what authority didst thou execute
  This bloody sentence?

  BOSOLA.                By yours.

  FERDINAND.  Mine! was I her judge?
  Did any ceremonial form of law
  Doom her to not-being?  Did a complete jury
  Deliver her conviction up i' the court?
  Where shalt thou find this judgment register'd,
  Unless in hell?  See, like a bloody fool,
  Thou 'st forfeited thy life, and thou shalt die for 't.

  BOSOLA.  The office of justice is perverted quite
  When one thief hangs another.  Who shall dare
  To reveal this?

  FERDINAND.       O, I 'll tell thee;
  The wolf shall find her grave, and scrape it up,
  Not to devour the corpse, but to discover
  The horrid murder.

  BOSOLA.             You, not I, shall quake for 't.

  FERDINAND.  Leave me.

  BOSOLA.                I will first receive my pension.

  FERDINAND.  You are a villain.

  BOSOLA.                         When your ingratitude
  Is judge, I am so.

  FERDINAND.          O horror,
  That not the fear of him which binds the devils
  Can prescribe man obedience!--
  Never look upon me more.

  BOSOLA.                   Why, fare thee well.
  Your brother and yourself are worthy men!
  You have a pair of hearts are hollow graves,
  Rotten, and rotting others; and your vengeance,
  Like two chain'd-bullets, still goes arm in arm:
  You may be brothers; for treason, like the plague,
  Doth take much in a blood.  I stand like one
  That long hath ta'en a sweet and golden dream:
  I am angry with myself, now that I wake.

  FERDINAND.  Get thee into some unknown part o' the world,
  That I may never see thee.

  BOSOLA.                     Let me know
  Wherefore I should be thus neglected.  Sir,
  I serv'd your tyranny, and rather strove
  To satisfy yourself than all the world:
  And though I loath'd the evil, yet I lov'd
  You that did counsel it; and rather sought
  To appear a true servant than an honest man.

  FERDINAND.  I 'll go hunt the badger by owl-light:
  'Tis a deed of darkness.
       Exit.

  BOSOLA.  He 's much distracted.  Off, my painted honour!
  While with vain hopes our faculties we tire,
  We seem to sweat in ice and freeze in fire.
  What would I do, were this to do again?
  I would not change my peace of conscience
  For all the wealth of Europe.--She stirs; here 's life:--
  Return, fair soul, from darkness, and lead mine
  Out of this sensible hell:--she 's warm, she breathes:--
  Upon thy pale lips I will melt my heart,
  To store them with fresh colour.--Who 's there?
  Some cordial drink!--Alas!  I dare not call:
  So pity would destroy pity.--Her eye opes,
  And heaven in it seems to ope, that late was shut,
  To take me up to mercy.

  DUCHESS.  Antonio!

  BOSOLA.             Yes, madam, he is living;
  The dead bodies you saw were but feign'd statues.
  He 's reconcil'd to your brothers; the Pope hath wrought
  The atonement.

  DUCHESS.        Mercy!
       Dies.

  BOSOLA.  O, she 's gone again! there the cords of life broke.
  O sacred innocence, that sweetly sleeps
  On turtles' feathers, whilst a guilty conscience
  Is a black register wherein is writ
  All our good deeds and bad, a perspective
  That shows us hell!  That we cannot be suffer'd
  To do good when we have a mind to it!
  This is manly sorrow;
  These tears, I am very certain, never grew
  In my mother's milk.  My estate is sunk
  Below the degree of fear:  where were
  These penitent fountains while she was living?
  O, they were frozen up!  Here is a sight
  As direful to my soul as is the sword
  Unto a wretch hath slain his father.
  Come, I 'll bear thee hence,
  And execute thy last will; that 's deliver
  Thy body to the reverend dispose
  Of some good women:  that the cruel tyrant
  Shall not deny me.  Then I 'll post to Milan,
  Where somewhat I will speedily enact
  Worth my dejection.
       Exit [with the body].

Act V. Scene I

       [Enter] ANTONIO and DELIO

  ANTONIO.  What think you of my hope of reconcilement
  To the Arragonian brethren?

  DELIO.                       I misdoubt it;
  For though they have sent their letters of safe-conduct
  For your repair to Milan, they appear
  But nets to entrap you.  The Marquis of Pescara,
  Under whom you hold certain land in cheat,[121]
  Much 'gainst his noble nature hath been mov'd
  To seize those lands; and some of his dependants
  Are at this instant making it their suit
  To be invested in your revenues.
  I cannot think they mean well to your life
  That do deprive you of your means of life,
  Your living.

  ANTONIO.      You are still an heretic[122]
  To any safety I can shape myself.

  DELIO.  Here comes the marquis:  I will make myself
  Petitioner for some part of your land,
  To know whither it is flying.

  ANTONIO.                       I pray, do.
       [Withdraws.]

       [Enter PESCARA]
  DELIO.  Sir, I have a suit to you.

  PESCARA.                            To me?

  DELIO.                                      An easy one:
  There is the Citadel of Saint Bennet,
  With some demesnes, of late in the possession
  Of Antonio Bologna,--please you bestow them on me.

  PESCARA.  You are my friend; but this is such a suit,
  Nor fit for me to give, nor you to take.

  DELIO.  No, sir?

  PESCARA.          I will give you ample reason for 't
  Soon in private:--here 's the cardinal's mistress.

       [Enter JULIA]

  JULIA.  My lord, I am grown your poor petitioner,
  And should be an ill beggar, had I not
  A great man's letter here, the cardinal's,
  To court you in my favour.
       [Gives a letter.]

  PESCARA.                    He entreats for you
  The Citadel of Saint Bennet, that belong'd
  To the banish'd Bologna.

  JULIA.                    Yes.

  PESCARA.  I could not have thought of a friend I could rather
  Pleasure with it:  'tis yours.

  JULIA.                          Sir, I thank you;
  And he shall know how doubly I am engag'd
  Both in your gift, and speediness of giving
  Which makes your grant the greater.
       Exit.

  ANTONIO.                             How they fortify
  Themselves with my ruin!

  DELIO.                    Sir, I am
  Little bound to you.

  PESCARA.              Why?

  DELIO.  Because you deni'd this suit to me, and gave 't
  To such a creature.

  PESCARA.             Do you know what it was?
  It was Antonio's land; not forfeited
  By course of law, but ravish'd from his throat
  By the cardinal's entreaty.  It were not fit
  I should bestow so main a piece of wrong
  Upon my friend; 'tis a gratification
  Only due to a strumpet, for it is injustice.
  Shall I sprinkle the pure blood of innocents
  To make those followers I call my friends
  Look ruddier upon me?  I am glad
  This land, ta'en from the owner by such wrong,
  Returns again unto so foul an use
  As salary for his lust.  Learn, good Delio,
  To ask noble things of me, and you shall find
  I 'll be a noble giver.

  DELIO.                   You instruct me well.

  ANTONIO.  Why, here 's a man now would fright impudence
  ]From sauciest beggars.

  PESCARA.                Prince Ferdinand 's come to Milan,
  Sick, as they give out, of an apoplexy;
  But some say 'tis a frenzy:  I am going
  To visit him.
       Exit.

  ANTONIO.       'Tis a noble old fellow.

  DELIO.  What course do you mean to take, Antonio?

  ANTONIO.  This night I mean to venture all my fortune,
  Which is no more than a poor ling'ring life,
  To the cardinal's worst of malice.  I have got
  Private access to his chamber; and intend
  To visit him about the mid of night,
  As once his brother did our noble duchess.
  It may be that the sudden apprehension
  Of danger,--for I 'll go in mine own shape,--
  When he shall see it fraight[123] with love and duty,
  May draw the poison out of him, and work
  A friendly reconcilement.  If it fail,
  Yet it shall rid me of this infamous calling;
  For better fall once than be ever falling.

  DELIO.  I 'll second you in all danger; and howe'er,
  My life keeps rank with yours.

  ANTONIO.  You are still my lov'd and best friend.
       Exeunt.

Scene II

       [Enter] PESCARA and DOCTOR

  PESCARA.  Now, doctor, may I visit your patient?

  DOCTOR.  If 't please your lordship; but he 's instantly
  To take the air here in the gallery
  By my direction.

  PESCARA.          Pray thee, what 's his disease?

  DOCTOR.  A very pestilent disease, my lord,
  They call lycanthropia.

  PESCARA.                 What 's that?
  I need a dictionary to 't.

  DOCTOR.                     I 'll tell you.
  In those that are possess'd with 't there o'erflows
  Such melancholy humour they imagine
  Themselves to be transformed into wolves;
  Steal forth to church-yards in the dead of night,
  And dig dead bodies up:  as two nights since
  One met the duke 'bout midnight in a lane
  Behind Saint Mark's church, with the leg of a man
  Upon his shoulder; and he howl'd fearfully;
  Said he was a wolf, only the difference
  Was, a wolf's skin was hairy on the outside,
  His on the inside; bade them take their swords,
  Rip up his flesh, and try.  Straight I was sent for,
  And, having minister'd to him, found his grace
  Very well recover'd.

  PESCARA.  I am glad on 't.

  DOCTOR.                     Yet not without some fear
  Of a relapse.  If he grow to his fit again,
  I 'll go a nearer way to work with him
  Than ever Paracelsus dream'd of; if
  They 'll give me leave, I 'll buffet his madness out of him.
  Stand aside; he comes.

       [Enter FERDINAND, CARDINAL, MALATESTI, and BOSOLA]

  FERDINAND.  Leave me.

  MALATESTI.  Why doth your lordship love this solitariness?

  FERDINAND.  Eagles commonly fly alone:  they are crows, daws,
  and starlings that flock together.  Look, what 's that follows me?

  MALATESTI.  Nothing, my lord.

  FERDINAND.  Yes.

  MALATESTI.  'Tis your shadow.

  FERDINAND.  Stay it; let it not haunt me.

  MALATESTI.  Impossible, if you move, and the sun shine.

  FERDINAND.  I will throttle it.
       [Throws himself down on his shadow.]

  MALATESTI.  O, my lord, you are angry with nothing.

  FERDINAND.  You are a fool:  how is 't possible I should catch
  my shadow, unless I fall upon 't?  When I go to hell, I mean
  to carry a bribe; for, look you, good gifts evermore make way
  for the worst persons.

  PESCARA.  Rise, good my lord.

  FERDINAND.  I am studying the art of patience.

  PESCARA.  'Tis a noble virtue.

  FERDINAND.  To drive six snails before me from this town to Moscow;
  neither use goad nor whip to them, but let them take their own time;
  --the patient'st man i' th' world match me for an experiment:--
  an I 'll crawl after like a sheep-biter.[125]

  CARDINAL.  Force him up.
       [They raise him.]

  FERDINAND.  Use me well, you were best.  What I have done, I have
  done:  I 'll confess nothing.

  DOCTOR.  Now let me come to him.--Are you mad, my lord? are you out
  of your princely wits?

  FERDINAND.              What 's he?

  PESCARA.                             Your doctor.

  FERDINAND.  Let me have his beard saw'd off, and his eye-brows
  fil'd more civil.

  DOCTOR.  I must do mad tricks with him, for that 's the only way
  on 't.--I have brought your grace a salamander's skin to keep
  you from sun-burning.

  FERDINAND.  I have cruel sore eyes.

  DOCTOR.  The white of a cockatrix's[126] egg is present remedy.

  FERDINAND.  Let it be a new-laid one, you were best.
  Hide me from him:  physicians are like kings,--
  They brook no contradiction.

  DOCTOR.  Now he begins to fear me:  now let me alone with him.

  CARDINAL.  How now! put off your gown!

  DOCTOR.  Let me have some forty urinals filled with rosewater:
  he and I 'll go pelt one another with them.--Now he begins to fear
  me.--Can you fetch a frisk,[127] sir?--Let him go, let him go, upon
  my peril:  I find by his eye he stands in awe of me; I 'll make him
  as tame as a dormouse.

  FERDINAND.  Can you fetch your frisks, sir!--I will stamp him into
  a cullis,[128] flay off his skin to cover one of the anatomies[129]
  this rogue hath set i' th' cold yonder in Barber-Chirurgeon's-hall.
  --Hence, hence! you are all of you like beasts for sacrifice.
       [Throws the DOCTOR down and beats him.]
  There 's nothing left of you but tongue and belly, flattery and
  lechery.
       [Exit.]

  PESCARA.  Doctor, he did not fear you thoroughly.

  DOCTOR.  True; I was somewhat too forward.

  BOSOLA.  Mercy upon me, what a fatal judgment
  Hath fall'n upon this Ferdinand!

  PESCARA.                          Knows your grace
  What accident hath brought unto the prince
  This strange distraction?

  CARDINAL.  [Aside.] I must feign somewhat.--Thus they say it grew.
  You have heard it rumour'd, for these many years
  None of our family dies but there is seen
  The shape of an old woman, which is given
  By tradition to us to have been murder'd
  By her nephews for her riches.  Such a figure
  One night, as the prince sat up late at 's book,
  Appear'd to him; when crying out for help,
  The gentleman of 's chamber found his grace
  All on a cold sweat, alter'd much in face
  And language:  since which apparition,
  He hath grown worse and worse, and I much fear
  He cannot live.

  BOSOLA.          Sir, I would speak with you.

  PESCARA.  We 'll leave your grace,
  Wishing to the sick prince, our noble lord,
  All health of mind and body.

  CARDINAL.                     You are most welcome.
       [Exeunt PESCARA, MALATESTI, and DOCTOR.]
  Are you come? so.--[Aside.] This fellow must not know
  By any means I had intelligence
  In our duchess' death; for, though I counsell'd it,
  The full of all th' engagement seem'd to grow
  ]From Ferdinand.--Now, sir, how fares our sister?
  I do not think but sorrow makes her look
  Like to an oft-dy'd garment:  she shall now
  Take comfort from me.  Why do you look so wildly?
  O, the fortune of your master here the prince
  Dejects you; but be you of happy comfort:
  If you 'll do one thing for me I 'll entreat,
  Though he had a cold tomb-stone o'er his bones,
  I 'd make you what you would be.

  BOSOLA.                           Any thing;
  Give it me in a breath, and let me fly to 't.
  They that think long small expedition win,
  For musing much o' th' end cannot begin.

       [Enter JULIA]

  JULIA.  Sir, will you come into supper?

  CARDINAL.                                I am busy; leave me[.]

  JULIA [Aside.]  What an excellent shape hath that fellow!
       Exit.

  CARDINAL.  'Tis thus.  Antonio lurks here in Milan:
  Inquire him out, and kill him.  While he lives,
  Our sister cannot marry; and I have thought
  Of an excellent match for her.  Do this, and style me
  Thy advancement.

  BOSOLA.  But by what means shall I find him out?

  CARDINAL.  There is a gentleman call'd Delio
  Here in the camp, that hath been long approv'd
  His loyal friend.  Set eye upon that fellow;
  Follow him to mass; may be Antonio,
  Although he do account religion
  But a school-name, for fashion of the world
  May accompany him; or else go inquire out
  Delio's confessor, and see if you can bribe
  Him to reveal it.  There are a thousand ways
  A man might find to trace him; as to know
  What fellows haunt the Jews for taking up
  Great sums of money, for sure he 's in want;
  Or else to go to the picture-makers, and learn
  Who bought[130] her picture lately:  some of these
  Happily may take.

  BOSOLA.            Well, I 'll not freeze i' th' business:
  I would see that wretched thing, Antonio,
  Above all sights i' th' world.

  CARDINAL.                       Do, and be happy.
       Exit.

  BOSOLA.  This fellow doth breed basilisks in 's eyes,
  He 's nothing else but murder; yet he seems
  Not to have notice of the duchess' death.
  'Tis his cunning:  I must follow his example;
  There cannot be a surer way to trace
  Than that of an old fox.

       [Re-enter JULIA, with a pistol]

  JULIA.  So, sir, you are well met.

  BOSOLA.                             How Now!

  JULIA.  Nay, the doors are fast enough:
  Now, sir, I will make you confess your treachery.

  BOSOLA.  Treachery!

  JULIA.               Yes, confess to me
  Which of my women 'twas you hir'd to put
  Love-powder into my drink?

  BOSOLA.  Love-powder!

  JULIA.                 Yes, when I was at Malfi.
  Why should I fall in love with such a face else?
  I have already suffer'd for thee so much pain,
  The only remedy to do me good
  Is to kill my longing.

  BOSOLA.                 Sure, your pistol holds
  Nothing but perfumes or kissing-comfits.[131]
  Excellent lady!
  You have a pretty way on 't to discover
  Your longing.  Come, come, I 'll disarm you,
  And arm you thus:  yet this is wondrous strange.

  JULIA.  Compare thy form and my eyes together,
  You 'll find my love no such great miracle.
  Now you 'll say
  I am wanton:  this nice modesty in ladies
  Is but a troublesome familiar
  That haunts them.

  BOSOLA.  Know you me, I am a blunt soldier.

  JULIA.                                       The better:
  Sure, there wants fire where there are no lively sparks
  Of roughness.

  BOSOLA.  And I want compliment.

  JULIA.                           Why, ignorance
  In courtship cannot make you do amiss,
  If you have a heart to do well.

  BOSOLA.                          You are very fair.

  JULIA.  Nay, if you lay beauty to my charge,
  I must plead unguilty.

  BOSOLA.                 Your bright eyes
  Carry a quiver of darts in them sharper
  Than sun-beams.

  JULIA.           You will mar me with commendation,
  Put yourself to the charge of courting me,
  Whereas now I woo you.

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.] I have it, I will work upon this creature.--
  Let us grow most amorously familiar:
  If the great cardinal now should see me thus,
  Would he not count me a villain?

  JULIA.  No; he might count me a wanton,
  Not lay a scruple of offence on you;
  For if I see and steal a diamond,
  The fault is not i' th' stone, but in me the thief
  That purloins it.  I am sudden with you.
  We that are great women of pleasure use to cut off
  These uncertain wishes and unquiet longings,
  And in an instant join the sweet delight
  And the pretty excuse together.  Had you been i' th' street,
  Under my chamber-window, even there
  I should have courted you.

  BOSOLA.  O, you are an excellent lady!

  JULIA.  Bid me do somewhat for you presently
  To express I love you.

  BOSOLA.                 I will; and if you love me,
  Fail not to effect it.
  The cardinal is grown wondrous melancholy;
  Demand the cause, let him not put you off
  With feign'd excuse; discover the main ground on 't.

  JULIA.  Why would you know this?

  BOSOLA.                           I have depended on him,
  And I hear that he is fall'n in some disgrace
  With the emperor:  if he be, like the mice
  That forsake falling houses, I would shift
  To other dependance.

  JULIA.                You shall not need
  Follow the wars:  I 'll be your maintenance.

  BOSOLA.  And I your loyal servant:  but I cannot
  Leave my calling.

  JULIA.             Not leave an ungrateful
  General for the love of a sweet lady!
  You are like some cannot sleep in feather-beds,
  But must have blocks for their pillows.

  BOSOLA.                                  Will you do this?

  JULIA.  Cunningly.

  BOSOLA.  To-morrow I 'll expect th' intelligence.

  JULIA.  To-morrow! get you into my cabinet;
  You shall have it with you.  Do not delay me,
  No more than I do you:  I am like one
  That is condemn'd; I have my pardon promis'd,
  But I would see it seal'd.  Go, get you in:
  You shall see my wind my tongue about his heart
  Like a skein of silk.
       [Exit BOSOLA.]

       [Re-enter CARDINAL]

  CARDINAL.              Where are you?

       [Enter Servants.]

  SERVANTS.                              Here.

  CARDINAL.  Let none, upon your lives, have conference
  With the Prince Ferdinand, unless I know it.--
  [Aside] In this distraction he may reveal
  The murder.
       [Exeunt Servants.]
               Yond 's my lingering consumption:
  I am weary of her, and by any means
  Would be quit of.

  JULIA.             How now, my lord! what ails you?

  CARDINAL.  Nothing.

  JULIA.               O, you are much alter'd:
  Come, I must be your secretary, and remove
  This lead from off your bosom:  what 's the matter?

  CARDINAL.  I may not tell you.

  JULIA.  Are you so far in love with sorrow
  You cannot part with part of it?  Or think you
  I cannot love your grace when you are sad
  As well as merry?  Or do you suspect
  I, that have been a secret to your heart
  These many winters, cannot be the same
  Unto your tongue?

  CARDINAL.          Satisfy thy longing,--
  The only way to make thee keep my counsel
  Is, not to tell thee.

  JULIA.                 Tell your echo this,
  Or flatterers, that like echoes still report
  What they hear though most imperfect, and not me;
  For if that you be true unto yourself,
  I 'll know.

  CARDINAL.     Will you rack me?

  JULIA.                           No, judgment shall
  Draw it from you:  it is an equal fault,
  To tell one's secrets unto all or none.

  CARDINAL.  The first argues folly.

  JULIA.  But the last tyranny.

  CARDINAL.  Very well:  why, imagine I have committed
  Some secret deed which I desire the world
  May never hear of.

  JULIA.              Therefore may not I know it?
  You have conceal'd for me as great a sin
  As adultery.  Sir, never was occasion
  For perfect trial of my constancy
  Till now:  sir, I beseech you----

  CARDINAL.                           You 'll repent it.

  JULIA.  Never.

  CARDINAL.  It hurries thee to ruin:  I 'll not tell thee.
  Be well advis'd, and think what danger 'tis
  To receive a prince's secrets.  They that do,
  Had need have their breasts hoop'd with adamant
  To contain them.  I pray thee, yet be satisfi'd;
  Examine thine own frailty; 'tis more easy
  To tie knots than unloose them.  'Tis a secret
  That, like a ling'ring poison, may chance lie
  Spread in thy veins, and kill thee seven year hence.

  JULIA.  Now you dally with me.

  CARDINAL.                       No more; thou shalt know it.
  By my appointment the great Duchess of Malfi
  And two of her young children, four nights since,
  Were strangl'd.

  JULIA.           O heaven! sir, what have you done!

  CARDINAL.  How now?  How settles this?  Think you your bosom
  Will be a grave dark and obscure enough
  For such a secret?

  JULIA.              You have undone yourself, sir.

  CARDINAL.  Why?

  JULIA.           It lies not in me to conceal it.

  CARDINAL.                                          No?
  Come, I will swear you to 't upon this book.

  JULIA.  Most religiously.

  CARDINAL.                  Kiss it.
       [She kisses the book.]
  Now you shall never utter it; thy curiosity
  Hath undone thee; thou 'rt poison'd with that book.
  Because I knew thou couldst not keep my counsel,
  I have bound thee to 't by death.

       [Re-enter BOSOLA]

  BOSOLA.  For pity-sake, hold!

  CARDINAL.                      Ha, Bosola!

  JULIA.                                      I forgive you
  This equal piece of justice you have done;
  For I betray'd your counsel to that fellow.
  He over-heard it; that was the cause I said
  It lay not in me to conceal it.

  BOSOLA.  O foolish woman,
  Couldst not thou have poison'd him?

  JULIA.                               'Tis weakness,
  Too much to think what should have been done.  I go,
  I know not whither.
       [Dies.]

  CARDINAL.            Wherefore com'st thou hither?

  BOSOLA.  That I might find a great man like yourself,
  Not out of his wits, as the Lord Ferdinand,
  To remember my service.

  CARDINAL.  I 'll have thee hew'd in pieces.

  BOSOLA.  Make not yourself such a promise of that life
  Which is not yours to dispose of.

  CARDINAL.                          Who plac'd thee here?

  BOSOLA.  Her lust, as she intended.

  CARDINAL.                            Very well:
  Now you know me for your fellow-murderer.

  BOSOLA.  And wherefore should you lay fair marble colours
  Upon your rotten purposes to me?
  Unless you imitate some that do plot great treasons,
  And when they have done, go hide themselves i' th' grave
  Of those were actors in 't?

  CARDINAL.                    No more; there is
  A fortune attends thee.

  BOSOLA.  Shall I go sue to Fortune any longer?
  'Tis the fool's pilgrimage.

  CARDINAL.  I have honours in store for thee.

  BOSOLA.  There are a many ways that conduct to seeming
  Honour, and some of them very dirty ones.

  CARDINAL.  Throw to the devil
  Thy melancholy.  The fire burns well;
  What need we keep a stirring of 't, and make
  A greater smother?[132] Thou wilt kill Antonio?

  BOSOLA.  Yes.

  CARDINAL.      Take up that body.

  BOSOLA.                            I think I shall
  Shortly grow the common bier for church-yards.

  CARDINAL.  I will allow thee some dozen of attendants
  To aid thee in the murder.

  BOSOLA.  O, by no means.  Physicians that apply horse-leeches
  to any rank swelling use to cut off their tails, that the blood
  may run through them the faster:  let me have no train when I go
  to shed blood, less it make me have a greater when I ride
  to the gallows.

  CARDINAL.  Come to me after midnight, to help to remove
  That body to her own lodging.  I 'll give out
  She died o' th' plague; 'twill breed the less inquiry
  After her death.

  BOSOLA.  Where 's Castruccio her husband?

  CARDINAL.  He 's rode to Naples, to take possession
  Of Antonio's citadel.

  BOSOLA.  Believe me, you have done a very happy turn.

  CARDINAL.  Fail not to come.  There is the master-key
  Of our lodgings; and by that you may conceive
  What trust I plant in you.

  BOSOLA.                     You shall find me ready.
       Exit CARDINAL.
  O poor Antonio, though nothing be so needful
  To thy estate as pity, yet I find
  Nothing so dangerous!  I must look to my footing:
  In such slippery ice-pavements men had need
  To be frost-nail'd well, they may break their necks else;
  The precedent 's here afore me.  How this man
  Bears up in blood! seems fearless!  Why, 'tis well;
  Security some men call the suburbs of hell,
  Only a dead wall between.  Well, good Antonio,
  I 'll seek thee out; and all my care shall be
  To put thee into safety from the reach
  Of these most cruel biters that have got
  Some of thy blood already.  It may be,
  I 'll join with thee in a most just revenge.
  The weakest arm is strong enough that strikes
  With the sword of justice.  Still methinks the duchess
  Haunts me:  there, there!--'Tis nothing but my melancholy.
  O Penitence, let me truly taste thy cup,
  That throws men down only to raise them up!
       Exit.

Scene III

       [Enter] ANTONIO and DELIO.  Echo (from the DUCHESS'S Grave)

  DELIO.  Yond 's the cardinal's window.  This fortification
  Grew from the ruins of an ancient abbey;
  And to yond side o' th' river lies a wall,
  Piece of a cloister, which in my opinion
  Gives the best echo that you ever heard,
  So hollow and so dismal, and withal
  So plain in the distinction of our words,
  That many have suppos'd it is a spirit
  That answers.

  ANTONIO.       I do love these ancient ruins.
  We never tread upon them but we set
  Our foot upon some reverend history;
  And, questionless, here in this open court,
  Which now lies naked to the injuries
  Of stormy weather, some men lie interr'd
  Lov'd the church so well, and gave so largely to 't,
  They thought it should have canopied their bones
  Till dooms-day.  But all things have their end;
  Churches and cities, which have diseases like to men,
  Must have like death that we have.

  ECHO.                               Like death that we have.

  DELIO.  Now the echo hath caught you.

  ANTONIO.  It groan'd methought, and gave
  A very deadly accent.

  ECHO.                  Deadly accent.

  DELIO.  I told you 'twas a pretty one.  You may make it
  A huntsman, or a falconer, a musician,
  Or a thing of sorrow.

  ECHO.                  A thing of sorrow.

  ANTONIO.  Ay, sure, that suits it best.

  ECHO.                                    That suits it best.

  ANTONIO.  'Tis very like my wife's voice.

  ECHO.                                      Ay, wife's voice.

  DELIO.  Come, let us walk further from t.
  I would not have you go to the cardinal's to-night:
  Do not.

  ECHO.  Do not.

  DELIO.  Wisdom doth not more moderate wasting sorrow
  Than time.  Take time for 't; be mindful of thy safety.

  ECHO.  Be mindful of thy safety.

  ANTONIO.  Necessity compels me.
  Make scrutiny through the passages
  Of your own life, you 'll find it impossible
  To fly your fate.

  ECHO.              O, fly your fate!

  DELIO.  Hark! the dead stones seem to have pity on you,
  And give you good counsel.

  ANTONIO.  Echo, I will not talk with thee,
  For thou art a dead thing.

  ECHO.                       Thou art a dead thing.

  ANTONIO.  My duchess is asleep now,
  And her little ones, I hope sweetly.  O heaven,
  Shall I never see her more?

  ECHO.                        Never see her more.

  ANTONIO.  I mark'd not one repetition of the echo
  But that; and on the sudden a clear light
  Presented me a face folded in sorrow.

  DELIO.  Your fancy merely.

  ANTONIO.                    Come, I 'll be out of this ague,
  For to live thus is not indeed to live;
  It is a mockery and abuse of life.
  I will not henceforth save myself by halves;
  Lose all, or nothing.

  DELIO.                 Your own virtue save you!
  I 'll fetch your eldest son, and second you.
  It may be that the sight of his own blood
  Spread in so sweet a figure may beget
  The more compassion.  However, fare you well.
  Though in our miseries Fortune have a part,
  Yet in our noble sufferings she hath none.
  Contempt of pain, that we may call our own.
       Exeunt.

Scene IV

       [Enter] CARDINAL, PESCARA, MALATESTI, RODERIGO, and GRISOLAN

  CARDINAL.  You shall not watch to-night by the sick prince;
  His grace is very well recover'd.

  MALATESTI.  Good my lord, suffer us.

  CARDINAL.                             O, by no means;
  The noise, and change of object in his eye,
  Doth more distract him.  I pray, all to bed;
  And though you hear him in his violent fit,
  Do not rise, I entreat you.

  PESCARA.  So, sir; we shall not.

  CARDINAL.                         Nay, I must have you promise
  Upon your honours, for I was enjoin'd to 't
  By himself; and he seem'd to urge it sensibly.

  PESCARA.  Let our honours bind this trifle.

  CARDINAL.  Nor any of your followers.

  MALATESTI.  Neither.

  CARDINAL.  It may be, to make trial of your promise,
  When he 's asleep, myself will rise and feign
  Some of his mad tricks, and cry out for help,
  And feign myself in danger.

  MALATESTI.  If your throat were cutting,
  I 'd not come at you, now I have protested against it.

  CARDINAL.  Why, I thank you.

  GRISOLAN.                     'Twas a foul storm to-night.

  RODERIGO.  The Lord Ferdinand's chamber shook like an osier.

  MALATESTI.  'Twas nothing put pure kindness in the devil
  To rock his own child.
       Exeunt [all except the CARDINAL].

  CARDINAL.  The reason why I would not suffer these
  About my brother, is, because at midnight
  I may with better privacy convey
  Julia's body to her own lodging.  O, my conscience!
  I would pray now; but the devil takes away my heart
  For having any confidence in prayer.
  About this hour I appointed Bosola
  To fetch the body.  When he hath serv'd my turn,
  He dies.
       Exit.

       [Enter BOSOLA]

  BOSOLA.  Ha! 'twas the cardinal's voice; I heard him name
  Bosola and my death.  Listen; I hear one's footing.

       [Enter FERDINAND]

  FERDINAND.  Strangling is a very quiet death.

  BOSOLA.  [Aside.] Nay, then, I see I must stand upon my guard.

  FERDINAND.  What say to that?  Whisper softly:  do you agree to 't?
  So; it must be done i' th' dark; the cardinal would not for
  a thousand pounds the doctor should see it.
       Exit.

  BOSOLA.  My death is plotted; here 's the consequence of murder.
  We value not desert nor Christian breath,
  When we know black deeds must be cur'd with death.

       [Enter ANTONIO and Servant]

  SERVANT.  Here stay, sir, and be confident, I pray;
  I 'll fetch you a dark lantern.
       Exit.

  ANTONIO.  Could I take him at his prayers,
  There were hope of pardon.

  BOSOLA.  Fall right, my sword!--
       [Stabs him.]
  I 'll not give thee so much leisure as to pray.

  ANTONIO.  O, I am gone!  Thou hast ended a long suit
  In a minute.

  BOSOLA.       What art thou?

  ANTONIO.                      A most wretched thing,
  That only have thy benefit in death,
  To appear myself.

       [Re-enter Servant with a lantern]

  SERVANT.  Where are you, sir?

  ANTONIO.  Very near my home.--Bosola!

  SERVANT.  O, misfortune!

  BOSOLA.  Smother thy pity, thou art dead else.--Antonio!
  The man I would have sav'd 'bove mine own life!
  We are merely the stars' tennis-balls, struck and banded
  Which way please them.--O good Antonio,
  I 'll whisper one thing in thy dying ear
  Shall make thy heart break quickly!  Thy fair duchess
  And two sweet children----

  ANTONIO.                    Their very names
  Kindle a little life in me.

  BOSOLA.                      Are murder'd.

  ANTONIO.  Some men have wish'd to die
  At the hearing of sad tidings; I am glad
  That I shall do 't in sadness.[135] I would not now
  Wish my wounds balm'd nor heal'd, for I have no use
  To put my life to.  In all our quest of greatness,
  Like wanton boys whose pastime is their care,
  We follow after bubbles blown in th' air.
  Pleasure of life, what is 't?  Only the good hours
  Of an ague; merely a preparative to rest,
  To endure vexation.  I do not ask
  The process of my death; only commend me
  To Delio.

  BOSOLA.     Break, heart!

  ANTONIO.  And let my son fly the courts to princes.
       [Dies.]

  BOSOLA.  Thou seem'st to have lov'd Antonio.

  SERVANT.  I brought him hither,
  To have reconcil'd him to the cardinal.

  BOSOLA.  I do not ask thee that.
  Take him up, if thou tender thine own life,
  And bear him where the lady Julia
  Was wont to lodge.--O, my fate moves swift!
  I have this cardinal in the forge already;
  Now I 'll bring him to th' hammer.  O direful misprision![136]
  I will not imitate things glorious.
  No more than base; I 'll be mine own example.--
  On, on, and look thou represent, for silence,
  The thing thou bear'st.[137]
       Exeunt.

Scene V

       [Enter] CARDINAL, with a book

  CARDINAL.  I am puzzl'd in a question about hell;
  He says, in hell there 's one material fire,
  And yet it shall not burn all men alike.
  Lay him by.  How tedious is a guilty conscience!
  When I look into the fish-ponds in my garden,
  Methinks I see a thing arm'd with a rake,
  That seems to strike at me.
       [Enter BOSOLA, and Servant bearing ANTONIO'S body]
                               Now, art thou come?
  Thou look'st ghastly;
  There sits in thy face some great determination
  Mix'd with some fear.

  BOSOLA.                Thus it lightens into action:
  I am come to kill thee.

  CARDINAL.                Ha!--Help! our guard!

  BOSOLA.  Thou art deceiv'd; they are out of thy howling.

  CARDINAL.  Hold; and I will faithfully divide
  Revenues with thee.

  BOSOLA.              Thy prayers and proffers
  Are both unseasonable.

  CARDINAL.               Raise the watch!
  We are betray'd!

  BOSOLA.           I have confin'd your flight:
  I 'll suffer your retreat to Julia's chamber,
  But no further.

  CARDINAL.        Help! we are betray'd!

       [Enter, above, PESCARA, MALATESTI, RODERIGO, and GRISOLAN]

  MALATESTI.  Listen.

  CARDINAL.  My dukedom for rescue!

  RODERIGO.  Fie upon his counterfeiting!

  MALATESTI.  Why, 'tis not the cardinal.

  RODERIGO.  Yes, yes, 'tis he:
  But, I 'll see him hang'd ere I 'll go down to him.

  CARDINAL.  Here 's a plot upon me; I am assaulted!  I am lost,
  Unless some rescue!

  GRISOLAN.            He doth this pretty well;
  But it will not serve to laugh me out of mine honour.

  CARDINAL.  The sword's at my throat!

  RODERIGO.                             You would not bawl so loud then.

  MALATESTI.
  Come, come, let 's go to bed:  he told us this much aforehand.

  PESCARA.  He wish'd you should not come at him; but, believe 't,
  The accent of the voice sounds not in jest:
  I 'll down to him, howsoever, and with engines
  Force ope the doors.
       [Exit above.]

  RODERIGO.             Let 's follow him aloof,
  And note how the cardinal will laugh at him.
       [Exeunt, above, MALATESTI, RODERIGO, and GRISOLAN.]

  BOSOLA.  There 's for you first,
  'Cause you shall not unbarricade the door
  To let in rescue.
       Kills the Servant.

  CARDINAL.  What cause hast thou to pursue my life?

  BOSOLA.                                             Look there.

  CARDINAL.  Antonio!

  BOSOLA.              Slain by my hand unwittingly.
  Pray, and be sudden.  When thou kill'd'st thy sister,
  Thou took'st from Justice her most equal balance,
  And left her naught but her sword.

  CARDINAL.                           O, mercy!

  BOSOLA.  Now it seems thy greatness was only outward;
  For thou fall'st faster of thyself than calamity
  Can drive thee.  I 'll not waste longer time; there!
       [Stabs him.]

  CARDINAL.  Thou hast hurt me.

  BOSOLA.                        Again!

  CARDINAL.                              Shall I die like a leveret,
  Without any resistance?--Help, help, help!
  I am slain!

       [Enter FERDINAND]

  FERDINAND.    Th' alarum!  Give me a fresh horse;
  Rally the vaunt-guard, or the day is lost,
  Yield, yield!  I give you the honour of arms
  Shake my sword over you; will you yield?

  CARDINAL.  Help me; I am your brother!

  FERDINAND.                              The devil!
  My brother fight upon the adverse party!
       He wounds the CARDINAL, and, in the scuffle, gives BOSOLA
       his death-wound.
  There flies your ransom.

  CARDINAL.  O justice!
  I suffer now for what hath former bin:
  Sorrow is held the eldest child of sin.

  FERDINAND.  Now you 're brave fellows.  Caesar's fortune was harder
  than Pompey's; Caesar died in the arms of prosperity, Pompey at the
  feet of disgrace.  You both died in the field.  The pain 's nothing;
  pain many times is taken away with the apprehension of greater,
  as the tooth-ache with the sight of a barber that comes to pull
  it out.  There 's philosophy for you.

  BOSOLA.  Now my revenge is perfect.--Sink, thou main cause
       Kills FERDINAND.
  Of my undoing!--The last part of my life
  Hath done me best service.

  FERDINAND.  Give me some wet hay; I am broken-winded.
  I do account this world but a dog-kennel:
  I will vault credit and affect high pleasures
  Beyond death.

  BOSOLA.        He seems to come to himself,
  Now he 's so near the bottom.

  FERDINAND.  My sister, O my sister! there 's the cause on 't.
  Whether we fall by ambition, blood, or lust,
  Like diamonds, we are cut with our own dust.
       [Dies.]

  CARDINAL.  Thou hast thy payment too.

  BOSOLA.  Yes, I hold my weary soul in my teeth;
  'Tis ready to part from me.  I do glory
  That thou, which stood'st like a huge pyramid
  Begun upon a large and ample base,
  Shalt end in a little point, a kind of nothing.

       [Enter, below, PESCARA, MALATESTI, RODERIGO, and GRISOLAN]

  PESCARA.  How now, my lord!

  MALATESTI.                   O sad disaster!

  RODERIGO.                                     How comes this?

  BOSOLA.  Revenge for the Duchess of Malfi murdered
  By the Arragonian brethren; for Antonio
  Slain by this hand; for lustful Julia
  Poison'd by this man; and lastly for myself,
  That was an actor in the main of all
  Much 'gainst mine own good nature, yet i' the end
  Neglected.

  PESCARA.    How now, my lord!

  CARDINAL.                      Look to my brother:
  He gave us these large wounds, as we were struggling
  Here i' th' rushes.  And now, I pray, let me
  Be laid by and never thought of.
       [Dies.]

  PESCARA.  How fatally, it seems, he did withstand
  His own rescue!

  MALATESTI.       Thou wretched thing of blood,
  How came Antonio by his death?

  BOSOLA.  In a mist; I know not how:
  Such a mistake as I have often seen
  In a play.  O, I am gone!
  We are only like dead walls or vaulted graves,
  That, ruin'd, yield no echo.  Fare you well.
  It may be pain, but no harm, to me to die
  In so good a quarrel.  O, this gloomy world!
  In what a shadow, or deep pit of darkness,
  Doth womanish and fearful mankind live!
  Let worthy minds ne'er stagger in distrust
  To suffer death or shame for what is just:
  Mine is another voyage.
       [Dies.]

  PESCARA.  The noble Delio, as I came to th' palace,
  Told me of Antonio's being here, and show'd me
  A pretty gentleman, his son and heir.

       [Enter DELIO, and ANTONIO'S Son]

  MALATESTI.  O sir, you come too late!

  DELIO.                                 I heard so, and
  Was arm'd for 't, ere I came.  Let us make noble use
  Of this great ruin; and join all our force
  To establish this young hopeful gentleman
  In 's mother's right.  These wretched eminent things
  Leave no more fame behind 'em, than should one
  Fall in a frost, and leave his print in snow;
  As soon as the sun shines, it ever melts,
  Both form and matter.  I have ever thought
  Nature doth nothing so great for great men
  As when she 's pleas'd to make them lords of truth:
  Integrity of life is fame's best friend,
  Which nobly, beyond death, shall crown the end.
       Exeunt.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: Malfi.  The presence-chamber in the palace of the Duchess.]

[Footnote 2: Prevent.]

[Footnote 3: The same.]

[Footnote 4: The reference is to the knightly sport of riding at the ring.]

[Footnote 5: At the expense of.]

[Footnote 6: Rolls of lint used to dress wounds.]

[Footnote 7: Surgeons.]

[Footnote 8: A small horse.]

[Footnote 9: Ballasted.]

[Footnote 10: A lively dance.]

[Footnote 11: Throws into the shade.]

[Footnote 12: At the point of.]

[Footnote 13: Coaches.]

[Footnote 14: Spy.]

[Footnote 15: Cheats.]

[Footnote 16: Spy.]

[Footnote 17: Malfi.  Gallery in the Duchess' palace.]

[Footnote 18: Lustful.]

[Footnote 19: Genesis xxxi., 31-42.]

[Footnote 20: The net in which he caught Venus and Mars.]

[Footnote 21: Housekeepers.]

[Footnote 22: Produced.]

[Footnote 23: Qq. read STRANGE.]

[Footnote 24: Guess.]

[Footnote 25: The phrase used to indicate that accounts had been examined
and found correct.]

[Footnote 26: Using words of present time; i.e., "I take," not "I will take."]

[Footnote 27: Knot.]

[Footnote 28: More firmly.]

[Footnote 29: Of difficult disposition.]

[Footnote 30: Malfi.  An apartment in the palace of the Duchess.]

[Footnote 31: Chief part.]

[Footnote 32: Bullies (Hazlitt); lawyers (Vaughan).]

[Footnote 33: Royal journey.]

[Footnote 34: Turning a boat on its side for repairs.]

[Footnote 35: Scabbed.]

[Footnote 36: Empty.]

[Footnote 37: Face-modeling (Sampson).  "There's a plain statement of your
practises."]

[Footnote 38: Blue like those of a woman with child.]

[Footnote 39: Scurf.]

[Footnote 40: Person of highest influence.]

[Footnote 41: Hysteria.]

[Footnote 42: This year.]

[Footnote 43: Clearly.]

[Footnote 44: Youngster.]

[Footnote 45: A hall in the same palace.]

[Footnote 46: Crossness.]

[Footnote 47: Always.]

[Footnote 48: The meaner servants.]

[Footnote 49: At once.]

[Footnote 50: Cast his horoscope.]

[Footnote 51: The court of the same palace.]

[Footnote 52: Making an astrological calculation.]

[Footnote 53: Going to the root of the matter.]

[Footnote 54: Write.]

[Footnote 55: i.e., on his handkerchief.]

[Footnote 56: Addressing the lantern.]

[Footnote 57: "The rest not considered."]

[Footnote 58: A piece of news.]

[Footnote 59: Cleverly contrived.]

[Footnote 60: Rome.  An apartment in the palace of the Cardinal.]

[Footnote 61: Religious recluse.]

[Footnote 62: Experienced.]

[Footnote 63: Sick.]

[Footnote 64: Medicinal.]

[Footnote 65: Strong broth.]

[Footnote 66: Another apartment in the same palace.]

[Footnote 67: The mandrake was supposed to give forth shrieks when uprooted,
which drove the hearer mad.]

[Footnote 68: Unchaste.]

[Footnote 69: Supposed to be a sign of folly.]

[Footnote 70: Throw the hammer.]

[Footnote 71: Boil to shreds.  (Dyce.) Qq, TO BOIL.]

[Footnote 72: Malfi.  An apartment in the palace of the Duchess.]

[Footnote 73: Wealth.]

[Footnote 74: Lampoons.]

[Footnote 75: Plowshares.]

[Footnote 76: Spying.]

[Footnote 77: Deceptions.]

[Footnote 78: Soothing.]

[Footnote 79: The bed-chamber of the Duchess in the same.]

[Footnote 80: Qq. read SLIGHT.]

[Footnote 81: Powder of orris-root.]

[Footnote 82: Wheels of craft.]

[Footnote 83: Certificate that the books were found correct.]

[Footnote 84: The badge of a steward.]

[Footnote 85: Spies.]

[Footnote 86: Lot.]

[Footnote 87: For Plutus.]

[Footnote 88: Quick steps.]

[Footnote 89: Miss.]

[Footnote 90: Remains.]

[Footnote 91: Profession.]

[Footnote 92: An apartment in the Cardinal's palace at Rome.]

[Footnote 93: A decorated horse-cloth, used only when the court is traveling.]

[Footnote 94: The first quarto has in the margin:  "The Author disclaims
this Ditty to be his."]

[Footnote 95: Near Loretto.]

[Footnote 96: Small birds.]

[Footnote 97: His vizard.]

[Footnote 98: Malfi.  An apartment in the palace of the Duchess.]

[Footnote 99: Curtain.]

[Footnote 100: The wife of Brutus, who died by swallowing fire.]

[Footnote 101: By artificial means.]

[Footnote 102: Profession.]

[Footnote 103: Spying.]

[Footnote 104: Another room in the lodging of the Duchess.]

[Footnote 105: Band.]

[Footnote 106: Bands.]

[Footnote 107: Boil.]

[Footnote 108: Punning on the two senses of "dye" and "corn."]

[Footnote 109: From exporting his grain.]

[Footnote 110: Optical glass.]

[Footnote 111: The Geneva Bible.]

[Footnote 112: Petticoat.]

[Footnote 113: Coach.]

[Footnote 114: A warm drink containing milk, wine, etc.]

[Footnote 115: Receptacle.]

[Footnote 116: A drug supposed to ooze from embalmed bodies.]

[Footnote 117: Curdled.]

[Footnote 118: Trial.]

[Footnote 119: An exclamation of impatience.]

[Footnote 120: Milan.  A public place.]

[Footnote 121: In escheat; here, in fee.]

[Footnote 122: Disbeliever.]

[Footnote 123: Fraught.]

[Footnote 124: A gallery in the residence of the Cardinal and Ferdinand.]

[Footnote 125: A dog which worries sheep.]

[Footnote 126: A fabulous serpent that killed by its glance.]

[Footnote 127: Cut a caper.]

[Footnote 128: Broth.]

[Footnote 129: Skeletons.]

[Footnote 130: So Dyce.  Qq. BROUGHT.]

[Footnote 131: Perfumed sweetmeats for the breath.]

[Footnote 132: Smoke.]

[Footnote 133: A fortification.]

[Footnote 134: Milan.  An apartment in the residence of the Cardinal
and Ferdinand.]

[Footnote 135: Reality.]

[Footnote 136: Mistake.]

[Footnote 137: i.e., the dead body.]

[Footnote 138: Another apartment in the same.

END OF PLAY

Transcriber's Note:

Comments on the preparation of this e-text:

All of the footnotes have been re-numbered, in the form [xxx].

A few punctuation marks have been added.  These are always set
off by angle brackets.  Eg. [?]

The names of the characters have been spelled out in full.
Eg. CARDINAL was CARD.

Leading blanks are reproduced from the printed text.  Eg.:

FERDINAND.  Sister, I have a suit to you.
DUCHESS.                                   To me, sir?

The Duchess of Malfi takes place in Italy, mostly at the Duchess's palace in Malfi, in the sixteenth century. The Duchess is a young widow whose two brothers, Ferdinand and the Cardinal, are visiting her from Rome at the play's start. Antonio, the manager of her household, has just returned from France. Before leaving the Duchess, Ferdinand engages Bosola, previously used by the Cardinal as a hit man, to ostensibly manage the Duchess's horses, but in reality to spy on her for the brothers so they can be sure she remains chaste and does not remarry. Bosola is reluctant, but eventually agrees. Before they return to Rome, Ferdinand and the Cardinal lecture the Duchess about the impropriety of remarriage. She insists that she has no plans for remarriage, and shows some irritation at their attempts to control her. However, as soon as they leave, she sets in motion a plan to propose to Antonio with the help of her maid, Cariola. Antonio and the Duchess marry, and the Duchess reassures Antonio that they will find a way to appease her brothers. Act Two is set about nine months later. The Duchess is pregnant and Bosola, suspecting her condition, hatches a plan to prove it to himself by giving her apricots, thought to induce labor. She accepts them, and immediately becomes ill, rushing off to her bedroom. Antonio and Delio discuss how to keep her labor secret. Bosola now assumes his belief is correct, but finds further definitive proof through a horoscope Antonio wrote for the infant. With the information confirmed, Bosola he writes a letter to the Duchess's brothers to tell them the news. The brothers are both incensed, but the Cardinal maintains a cool calm, whereas Ferdinand grows erratically angry. Neither of them realizes that she is married, and hence assume the baby is a bastard. Ferdinand says he won't take any action until he knows who the baby's father is. Act Three begins about two years later, with Delio's return to the Duchess's palace. Antonio and the Duchess have had two more children in the meantime. Ferdinand has recently arrived, and both Antonio and Delio suspect that he knows about the Duchess's children. Ferdinand surprises the Duchess in her bedroom, and when she tells him that she is married, he tells her she should never reveal to him the name of her lover lest terrible violence then be unleashed on all of them. He further banishes her forever from his sight. The Duchess, who wishes to protect Antonio by removing him from Malfi, falsely claims he has stolen from her and hence has him banished to Ancona. Once he has left, Bosola defends his virtue to the Duchess so emphatically that she admits the secret of their marriage. Bosola pretends to support her, and she sends him after Antonio with money and news that she will soon follow him. In Ancona a few days later, the Cardinal catches up to them and banishes the Duchess and her family from there. On their way out of town, Bosola brings her an ostensibly forgiving but actually threatening letter from Ferdinand, and so the Duchess, fearing an ambush, tells Antonio to separate from her with their oldest son. Immediately after they part, Bosola and a group of soldiers take the Duchess and her two remaining children captive and bring them back to her palace. In Act Four, Bosola tells Ferdinand that the Duchess is bearing her imprisonment nobly, which angers him. In an effort to make her insane with despair, he presents her with wax corpses of her family to convince her they have died. Though Bosola pleas with Ferdinand to cease his torture, he won't listen, and instead sends a group of madmen to torment her. Bosola returns, disguised as a tomb-maker, and prepares the Duchess for her impending death. Executioners follow with a cord to strangle her, but the Duchess remains steadfastly calm and courageous, at peace with the idea of rejoining her family, who she still believes are dead. They strangle her. Bosola next orders her children and Cariola killed. Cariola pleads for her life, to no avail. When Ferdinand confronts the Duchess's body, he is suddenly overtaken with remorse and angry at Bosola for following his orders. He not only betrays Bosola by refusing the latter a promised reward, but also shows signs of insanity before he exits. The Duchess shows a final sign of life, and before she truly dies, Bosola tells her that Antonio is still alive. Bosola shows genuine sadness when she dies. In Act Five, Antonio, ignorant of his wife and children's deaths, plans to beg the Cardinal that night for a reconciliation. Ferdinand has now completely lost his mind and is afflicted with lycanthropia, or the belief that he is a wolf. Bosola arrives and the Cardinal pretends that he has no idea about the Duchess's death. He offers Bosola a great reward for the murder of Antonio, an offer Bosola accepts even though he is plotting revenge. Julia, the Cardinal's mistress, approaches Bosola, declaring her love for him, and Bosola uses her to get the Cardinal to admit his involvement in the Duchess's murder. After the Cardinal kills Julia, Bosola reveals he has overheard the secret and demands his reward killing the Duchess. The Cardinal, once again, promises it will come after he has killed Antonio and helped him get rid of Julia's body. Bosola pretends to agree, but tells the audience that he will find Antonio to either protect him or help him get his vengeance against the Cardinal and Ferdinand. The Cardinal tells his courtiers to stay away no matter what they hear from him or Ferdinand, ostensibly because Ferdinand's madness gets worse when people are around, but actually because he wants privacy with which to dispose of Julia's body. Bosola, waiting outside the Cardinal's room, accidentally kills Antonio, who has come to see the Cardinal. Distraught, he goes into the Cardinal's room and attacks him. Because of the Cardinal's warning, his courtiers at first ignore his cries for help. Ferdinand joins the fray and stabs both the Cardinal and Bosola. Bosola kills Ferdinand. The courtiers finally enter in time to see the Cardinal and Bosola die, but not before the latter has confessed the particulars of the situation. Delio enters with Antonio and the Duchess's oldest son, who is the sole survivor of the family. Delio and the courtiers promise to raise the boy as a legacy to his parents, which gives the play a final glimmer of hope.

So it all starts out with our girl, the Duchess, who's inherited her political position from her dead husband, the former Duke of Malfi. Despite being a widow, she's still a total babe, and her steward, Antonio, has noticed, although he'd never in a million years make a move on an aristocrat . To make the situation more complicated, you have the Duchess's two brothers, the Cardinal and Ferdinand, who are both horribly corrupt and super adamant that their sister not get remarried. To make sure that their sister toes the line, the brothers finagle the Duchess into employing Bosola, a jaded ex-con who's working as Ferdinand's spy. The Duchess has got her own plans, though. She's had her eye on Antonio, see. He's a stand up guy, has good values, and, hey, not bad to look at. After telling her brothers she won't get married without their consent, she then proposes to Antonio, who, after he gets over being totally shocked, agrees. They decide to keep their marriage a total secret, both because her brothers are nuts and because, in Renaissance times, it really wasn't cool for a noblewoman to be marrying her social inferior. Or, for the matter, for a woman to be deciding who she was going to marry in the first place. The Duchess and Antonio can't keep their secret safe for long, though. Through a series of complicated events Bosola figures out that the Duchess is macking on somebody, because as crafty as she is the Duchess can't totally fool him when she eventually gets pregnant and pops out a few kids. After a few years of observation , Bosola reports back to the brothers, who now know that she's getting down with somebody, although they still have no idea that she's married to Antonio. Furious, they plan to figure out what's going on and to punish her. Things start going downhill fast: not only have we found that the Duchess's political standing has been taking a hit because of all of this secret-husband-secret-kids stuff, but Ferdinand's showed up at the Malfi court. He confronts the Duchess in the middle of the night in her bedroom, accusing her of sleeping around, and completely fails to give a damn when the Duchess reveals to him that she's actually lawfully married. After he leaves, the Duchess, now really worried about the safety of her family, flees the court with Antonio and their kids, but not before she lets slip to Bosola that she and Antonio are married. Busted. The brothers are now hounding the family throughout Italy, and eventually the Duchess and Antonio split up. The Duchess, along with her maid Cariola and two of her three children, is imprisoned by Ferdinand. Ferdinand psychologically tortures the Duchess until he eventually has her strangled, along with Cariola and the two kids. Having becoming increasingly not-okay with his role in all of this, Bosola finally decides that he's gotta do the right thing, and resolves to save Antonio and the remaining child. Ferdinand's gone crazy , but the Cardinal's still in a fine murderous fettle and contracts Bosola to kill Antonio, not knowing that Bosola intends to whisk Antonio away to safety. Things go terribly wrong, and in a horrible, so-botched-it-makes-you-want-to-cry-with-frustration scene, Bosola accidentally kills Antonio. At this point, the only thing that Bosola can do is claim revenge upon the brothers, and so in a final, equally confused and hectic scene, Bosola manages to kill both Ferdinand and the Cardinal, but is himself mortally wounded in the process, and he dies deploring the "deep pit of darkness" that is the world. The only surviving son of the Duchess and Antonio is taken in by Antonio's old friend Delio, who closes the play by hoping that the kid will take over his mother's political title and that some good can come out of all of this horror. Yeah. Good luck with that, bro.