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What is the gravitational redshift effect and how does it relate to the general theory of relativity? Show mathematically how a photon's frequency changes as it travels from a strong gravitational field to a weaker one. Use the equation for the gravitational redshift effect to determine the change in frequency of a photon as it travels from a point just outside the event horizon of a black hole to infinity.
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<|begin_of_thought|>

Deep Thought is thinking for 7.5 million years.

<|end_of_thought|>

<|begin_of_solution|>

The answer is 42.

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