public class Memory extends Pointer {

    private static Map buffers = new WeakHashMap();

    protected long size; // Size of the malloc'ed space

    /** Force cleanup of memory that has associated NIO Buffers which have
        been GC'd.
    */
    public static void purge() {
        buffers.size();
    }

    /** Provide a view into the original memory. */
    private class SharedMemory extends Memory {
        public SharedMemory(long offset) {
            this.size = Memory.this.size - offset;
            this.peer = Memory.this.peer + offset;
        }
        /** No need to free memory. */
        protected void finalize() { } 
        /** Pass bounds check to parent. */
        protected void boundsCheck(long off, long sz) {
            Memory.this.boundsCheck(this.peer - Memory.this.peer + off, sz);
        }
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString() + " (shared from " + Memory.this.toString() + ")";
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Allocate space in the native heap via a call to C's <code>malloc</code>.
     *
     * @param size number of <em>bytes</em> of space to allocate
     */
    public Memory(long size) {
        this.size = size;
        if (size <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Allocation size must be greater than zero");
        } 
        peer = malloc(size);
        if (peer == 0) 
            throw new OutOfMemoryError("Cannot allocate " + size + " bytes");
    }

    protected Memory() { }

    /** Provide a view onto this structure from the given offset.  The
     * returned {@link Pointer} will have the same size as the original,
     * reduced by the offset.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the requested memory is outside
     * the allocated bounds. 
     */
    public Pointer share(long offset) {
        return share(offset, getSize() - offset);
    }
    
    /** Provide a view onto this structure from the given offset. 
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the requested memory is outside
     * the allocated bounds. 
     */
    public Pointer share(long offset, long sz) {
        if (offset == 0 && sz == getSize())
            return this;
        boundsCheck(offset, sz);
        return new SharedMemory(offset);
    }
    
    /** Provide a view onto this structure with the given alignment. 
     * @param byteBoundary Align memory to this number of bytes; should be a
     * power of two.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the requested alignment can
     * not be met.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the requested alignment is not
     * a positive power of two.
     */
    public Memory align(int byteBoundary) {
        if (byteBoundary <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Byte boundary must be positive: " + byteBoundary);
        }
        for (int i=0;i < 32;i++) {
            if (byteBoundary == (1<<i)) {
                long mask = ~((long)byteBoundary - 1);
                
                if ((peer & mask) != peer) {
                    long newPeer = (peer + byteBoundary - 1) & mask;
                    long newSize = peer + size - newPeer;
                    if (newSize <= 0) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Insufficient memory to align to the requested boundary");
                    }
                    return (Memory)share(newPeer - peer, newSize);
                }
                return this;
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Byte boundary must be a power of two");
    }

    protected void finalize() {
        free(peer);
        peer = 0;
    }

    /** Zero the full extent of this memory region. */
    public void clear() {
        clear(size);
    }

    /** @deprecated use {@link #valid()} instead. */
    public boolean isValid() {
        return valid();
    }

    /** Returns false if the memory has been freed. */
    public boolean valid() {
        return peer != 0;
    }

    public long size() {
        return size;
    }

    /** @deprecated use {@link #size()} instead. */
    public long getSize() {
        return size();
    }


    /**
     * Check that indirection won't cause us to write outside the 
     * malloc'ed space. 
     *
     */
    protected void boundsCheck(long off, long sz) {
        if (off < 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid offset: " + off);
        }
        if (off + sz > size) {
            String msg = "Bounds exceeds available space : size="
                + size + ", offset=" + (off + sz);
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(msg);
        }
    }

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Raw read methods
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,byte[],int,int) 
     */
    public void read(long bOff, byte[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 1);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,short[],int,int)
     */
    public void read(long bOff, short[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 2);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,char[],int,int) 
     */
    public void read(long bOff, char[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 2);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,int[],int,int)
     */
    public void read(long bOff, int[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 4);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,long[],int,int) 
     */
    public void read(long bOff, long[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 8);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,float[],int,int) 
     */
    public void read(long bOff, float[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 4);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.read</code>.  But this method performs a bounds checks to
     * ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#read(long,double[],int,int) 
     */
    public void read(long bOff, double[] buf, int index, int length) 
    {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 8);
        super.read(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }




    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Raw write methods
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,byte[],int,int) 
     */
    public void write(long bOff, byte[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 1);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,short[],int,int)
     */
    public void write(long bOff, short[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 2);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,char[],int,int)
     */
    public void write(long bOff, char[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 2);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,int[],int,int) 
     */
    public void write(long bOff, int[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 4);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,long[],int,int) 
     */
    public void write(long bOff, long[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 8);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,float[],int,int)
     */
    public void write(long bOff, float[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 4);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.write</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#write(long,double[],int,int) 
     */
    public void write(long bOff, double[] buf, int index, int length) {
        boundsCheck(bOff, length * 8);
        super.write(bOff, buf, index, length);
    }




    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Java type read methods
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getByte</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getByte(long)
     */
    public byte getByte(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 1);
        return super.getByte(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getByte</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getByte(long)
     */
    public char getChar(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 1);
        return super.getChar(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getShort</code>.  But this method performs a bounds
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getShort(long)
     */
    public short getShort(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 2);
        return super.getShort(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getInt</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getInt(long)
     */
    public int getInt(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 4);
        return super.getInt(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getLong</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getLong(long)
     */
    public long getLong(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 8);
        return super.getLong(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getFloat</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getFloat(long)
     */
    public float getFloat(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 4);
        return super.getFloat(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getDouble</code>.  But this method performs a 
     * bounds check to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getDouble(long)
     */
    public double getDouble(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 8);
        return super.getDouble(offset);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getPointer</code>.  But this method performs 
     * a bounds checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getPointer(long)
     */
    public Pointer getPointer(long offset) {
        boundsCheck(offset, Pointer.SIZE);
        return super.getPointer(offset);
    }

    /**
     * Get a ByteBuffer mapped to a portion of this memory.
     *
     * @param offset byte offset from pointer to start the buffer
     * @param length Length of ByteBuffer
     * @return a direct ByteBuffer that accesses the memory being pointed to, 
     */
    public ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(long offset, long length) {
        boundsCheck(offset, length);
        ByteBuffer b = super.getByteBuffer(offset, length);
        // Ensure this Memory object will not be GC'd (and its memory freed)
        // if the Buffer is still extant.
        buffers.put(b, this);
        return b;
    }

    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.getString</code>.  But this method performs a 
     * bounds checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#getString(long, boolean)
     */
    public String getString(long offset, boolean wide) {
        // NOTE: we only make sure the start of the string is within bounds
        boundsCheck(offset, 0); 
        return super.getString(offset, wide);
    }

    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Java type write methods
    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setByte</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setByte
     */
    public void setByte(long offset, byte value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 1);
        super.setByte(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setChar</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setChar
     */
    public void setChar(long offset, char value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, Native.WCHAR_SIZE);
        super.setChar(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setShort</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setShort
     */
    public void setShort(long offset, short value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 2);
        super.setShort(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setInt</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setInt
     */
    public void setInt(long offset, int value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 4);
        super.setInt(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setLong</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setLong
     */
    public void setLong(long offset, long value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 8);
        super.setLong(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setFloat</code>.  But this method performs a bounds 
     * checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory outside the
     * <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setFloat
     */
    public void setFloat(long offset, float value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 4);
        super.setFloat(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setDouble</code>.  But this method performs a 
     * bounds checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setDouble
     */
    public void setDouble(long offset, double value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, 8);
        super.setDouble(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setPointer</code>.  But this method performs 
     * a bounds checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setPointer
     */
    public void setPointer(long offset, Pointer value) {
        boundsCheck(offset, Pointer.SIZE);
        super.setPointer(offset, value);
    }


    /**
     * Indirect the native pointer to <code>malloc</code> space, a la
     * <code>Pointer.setString</code>.  But this method performs a 
     * bounds checks to ensure that the indirection does not cause memory 
     * outside the <code>malloc</code>ed space to be accessed.
     *
     * @see Pointer#setString(long,String,boolean)
     */
    public void setString(long offset, String value, boolean wide) {
        if (wide)
            boundsCheck(offset, (value.length() + 1) * Native.WCHAR_SIZE);
        else
            boundsCheck(offset, value.getBytes().length + 1);
        super.setString(offset, value, wide);
    }

    /**
     * Call the real native malloc
     */
    protected static native long malloc(long size);

    /**
     * Call the real native free
     */
    protected static native void free(long ptr);
    
    public String toString() {
        return "allocated@0x" + Long.toHexString(peer) + " ("
            + size + " bytes)";
    }
} public final class Native {

    private static final String VERSION = "3.2.7";

    private static String nativeLibraryPath = null;
    private static boolean unpacked;
    private static Map typeMappers = new WeakHashMap();
    private static Map alignments = new WeakHashMap();
    private static Map options = new WeakHashMap();
    private static Map libraries = new WeakHashMap();
    private static final UncaughtExceptionHandler DEFAULT_HANDLER = 
        new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {
            public void uncaughtException(Callback c, Throwable e) {
                System.err.println("JNA: Callback " + c + " threw the following exception:");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        };
    private static UncaughtExceptionHandler callbackExceptionHandler = DEFAULT_HANDLER;
    
    /** The size of a native pointer (<code>void*</code>) on the current 
     * platform, in bytes. 
     */
    public static final int POINTER_SIZE;
    /** Size of a native <code>long</code> type, in bytes. */
    public static final int LONG_SIZE;
    /** Size of a native <code>wchar_t</code> type, in bytes. */
    public static final int WCHAR_SIZE;
    /** Size of a native <code>size_t</code> type, in bytes. */
    public static final int SIZE_T_SIZE;

    private static final int TYPE_VOIDP = 0;
    private static final int TYPE_LONG = 1;
    private static final int TYPE_WCHAR_T = 2;
    private static final int TYPE_SIZE_T = 3;

    static {
        loadNativeLibrary();
        POINTER_SIZE = sizeof(TYPE_VOIDP);
        LONG_SIZE = sizeof(TYPE_LONG);
        WCHAR_SIZE = sizeof(TYPE_WCHAR_T);
        SIZE_T_SIZE = sizeof(TYPE_SIZE_T);
        // Perform initialization of other JNA classes until *after* 
        // initializing the above final fields
        initIDs();
        if (Boolean.getBoolean("jna.protected")) {
            setProtected(true);
        }
    }
    
    /** Ensure our unpacked native library gets cleaned up if this class gets
        garbage-collected.
    */
    private static final Object finalizer = new Object() {
        protected void finalize() {
            deleteNativeLibrary();
        }
    };

    /** Remove any unpacked native library.  Forcing the class loader to
        unload it first is required on Windows, since the temporary native
        library can't be deleted until the native library is unloaded.  Any
        deferred execution we might install at this point would prevent the
        Native class and its class loader from being GC'd, so we instead force
        the native library unload just a little bit prematurely.
     */
    private static boolean deleteNativeLibrary() {
        String path = nativeLibraryPath;
        if (path == null || !unpacked) return true;
        File flib = new File(path);
        if (flib.delete()) {
            nativeLibraryPath = null;
            unpacked = false;
            return true;
        }
        // Reach into the bowels of ClassLoader to force the native
        // library to unload
        // NOTE: this may cause a failure when freeing com.sun.jna.Memory
        // after the library has been unloaded, see
        // https://jna.dev.java.net/issues/show_bug.cgi?id=157
        try {
            ClassLoader cl = Native.class.getClassLoader();
            Field f = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField("nativeLibraries");
            f.setAccessible(true);
            List libs = (List)f.get(cl);
            for (Iterator i = libs.iterator();i.hasNext();) {
                Object lib = i.next();
                f = lib.getClass().getDeclaredField("name");
                f.setAccessible(true);
                String name = (String)f.get(lib);
                if (name.equals(path) || name.indexOf(path) != -1
                    || name.equals(flib.getCanonicalPath())) {
                    Method m = lib.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("finalize", new Class[0]);
                    m.setAccessible(true);
                    m.invoke(lib, new Object[0]);
                    nativeLibraryPath = null;
                    if (unpacked) {
                        if (flib.exists()) {
                            if (flib.delete()) {
                                unpacked = false;
                                return true;
                            }
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        catch(Exception e) {
        }
        return false;
    }

    private Native() { }
    
    private static native void initIDs();

    /** Set whether native memory accesses are protected from invalid
     * accesses.  This should only be set true when testing or debugging,
     * and should not be considered reliable or robust for applications
     * where JNA native calls are occurring on multiple threads.
     * Protected mode will be automatically set if the
     * system property <code>jna.protected</code> has a value of "true"
     * when the JNA library is first loaded.<p>
     * If not supported by the underlying platform, this setting will
     * have no effect.<p>
     * NOTE: On platforms which support signals (non-Windows), JNA uses
     * signals to trap errors.  This may interfere with the JVM's own use of
     * signals.  When protected mode is enabled, you should make use of the
     * jsig library, if available (see <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/vm/signal-chaining.html">Signal Chaining</a>).
     * In short, set the environment variable <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> to the
     * path to <code>libjsig.so</code> in your JRE lib directory
     * (usually ${java.home}/lib/${os.arch}/libjsig.so) before launching your
     * Java application.
     */
    public static synchronized native void setProtected(boolean enable);
    
    /** Returns whether protection is enabled.  Check the result of this method
     * after calling {@link #setProtected setProtected(true)} to determine
     * if this platform supports protecting memory accesses.
     */
    public static synchronized native boolean isProtected();

    /** Set whether the system last error result is captured after every
     * native invocation.  Defaults to <code>true</code> (<code>false</code>
     * for direct-mapped calls).<p>
     * @deprecated The preferred method of obtaining the last error result is
     * to declare your mapped method to throw {@link LastErrorException}
     * instead. 
     */
    public static synchronized native void setPreserveLastError(boolean enable);
    
    /** Indicates whether the system last error result is preserved
     * after every invocation.<p>
     * @deprecated The preferred method of obtaining the last error result is
     * to declare your mapped method to throw {@link LastErrorException}
     * instead. 
     */
    public static synchronized native boolean getPreserveLastError();
    
    /** Utility method to get the native window ID for a Java {@link Window}
     * as a <code>long</code> value.
     * This method is primarily for X11-based systems, which use an opaque
     * <code>XID</code> (usually <code>long int</code>) to identify windows.
     * @throws HeadlessException if the current VM is running headless 
     */
    public static long getWindowID(Window w) throws HeadlessException {
        return getComponentID(w);
    }

    /** Utility method to get the native window ID for a heavyweight Java 
     * {@link Component} as a <code>long</code> value.
     * This method is primarily for X11-based systems, which use an opaque
     * <code>XID</code> (usually <code>long int</code>) to identify windows. 
     * @throws HeadlessException if the current VM is running headless 
     */
    public static long getComponentID(Component c) throws HeadlessException {
        if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
            throw new HeadlessException("No native windows when headless");
        }
        if (c.isLightweight()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Component must be heavyweight");
        }
        if (!c.isDisplayable()) 
            throw new IllegalStateException("Component must be displayable");
        // On X11 VMs prior to 1.5, the window must be visible
        if (Platform.isX11()
            && System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.4")) {
            if (!c.isVisible()) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Component must be visible");
            }
        }
        // By this point, we're certain that Toolkit.loadLibraries() has
        // been called, thus avoiding AWT/JAWT link errors
        // (see http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6539705).
        return getWindowHandle0(c);
    }
    
    /** Utility method to get the native window pointer for a Java 
     * {@link Window} as a {@link Pointer} value.  This method is primarily for 
     * w32, which uses the <code>HANDLE</code> type (actually 
     * <code>void *</code>) to identify windows. 
     * @throws HeadlessException if the current VM is running headless 
     */
    public static Pointer getWindowPointer(Window w) throws HeadlessException {
        return getComponentPointer(w);
    }
    
    /** Utility method to get the native window pointer for a heavyweight Java 
     * {@link Component} as a {@link Pointer} value.  This method is primarily 
     * for w32, which uses the <code>HWND</code> type (actually 
     * <code>void *</code>) to identify windows. 
     * @throws HeadlessException if the current VM is running headless 
     */
    public static Pointer getComponentPointer(Component c) throws HeadlessException {
        return new Pointer(getComponentID(c));
    }
    
    private static native long getWindowHandle0(Component c);

    /** Convert a direct {@link Buffer} into a {@link Pointer}. 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the buffer is not direct.
     */
    public static native Pointer getDirectBufferPointer(Buffer b);
    
    /** Obtain a Java String from the given native byte array.  If there is
     * no NUL terminator, the String will comprise the entire array.  If the
     * system property <code>jna.encoding</code> is set, its value will 
     * override the platform default encoding (if supported).
     */
    public static String toString(byte[] buf) {
        return toString(buf, System.getProperty("jna.encoding"));
    }

    /** Obtain a Java String from the given native byte array, using the given
     * encoding.  If there is no NUL terminator, the String will comprise the
     * entire array.  If the <code>encoding</code> parameter is null, 
     * the platform default encoding will be used.
     */
    public static String toString(byte[] buf, String encoding) {
        String s = null;
        if (encoding != null) {
            try {
                s = new String(buf, encoding);
            }
            catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) { }
        }
        if (s == null) {
            s = new String(buf);
        }
        int term = s.indexOf(0);
        if (term != -1)
            s = s.substring(0, term);
        return s;
    }
    
    /** Obtain a Java String from the given native wchar_t array.  If there is
     * no NUL terminator, the String will comprise the entire array.
     */
    public static String toString(char[] buf) {
        String s = new String(buf); 
        int term = s.indexOf(0);
        if (term != -1)
            s = s.substring(0, term);
        return s;
    }
    
    /** Map a library interface to the current process, providing
     * the explicit interface class.
     * @param interfaceClass
     */
    public static Object loadLibrary(Class interfaceClass) {
        return loadLibrary(null, interfaceClass);
    }

    /** Map a library interface to the current process, providing
     * the explicit interface class.
     * @param interfaceClass
     * @param options Map of library options
     */
    public static Object loadLibrary(Class interfaceClass, Map options) {
        return loadLibrary(null, interfaceClass, options);
    }

    /** Map a library interface to the given shared library, providing
     * the explicit interface class.
     * If <code>name</code> is null, attempts to map onto the current process.
     * @param name
     * @param interfaceClass
     */
    public static Object loadLibrary(String name, Class interfaceClass) {
        return loadLibrary(name, interfaceClass, Collections.EMPTY_MAP);
    }

    /** Load a library interface from the given shared library, providing
     * the explicit interface class and a map of options for the library.
     * If no library options are detected the map is interpreted as a map
     * of Java method names to native function names.<p>
     * If <code>name</code> is null, attempts to map onto the current process.
     * @param name
     * @param interfaceClass
     * @param options Map of library options
     */
    public static Object loadLibrary(String name, 
                                     Class interfaceClass,
                                     Map options) {
        Library.Handler handler = 
            new Library.Handler(name, interfaceClass, options);
        ClassLoader loader = interfaceClass.getClassLoader();
        Library proxy = (Library)
            Proxy.newProxyInstance(loader, new Class[] {interfaceClass},
                                   handler);
        cacheOptions(interfaceClass, options, proxy);
        return proxy;
    }

    /** Attempts to force initialization of an instance of the library interface
     * by loading a public static field of the requisite type.
     * Returns whether an instance variable was instantiated. 
     * Expects that lock on libraries is already held
     */
    private static void loadLibraryInstance(Class cls) {
        if (cls != null && !libraries.containsKey(cls)) {
            try {
                Field[] fields = cls.getFields();
                for (int i=0;i < fields.length;i++) {
                    Field field = fields[i];
                    if (field.getType() == cls 
                        && Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                        // Ensure the field gets initialized by reading it
                        libraries.put(cls, new WeakReference(field.get(null)));
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not access instance of " 
                                                   + cls + " (" + e + ")");
            }
        }
    }
    
    /** Find the library interface corresponding to the given class.  Checks
     * all ancestor classes and interfaces for a declaring class which
     * implements {@link Library}.
     */
    static Class findEnclosingLibraryClass(Class cls) {
        if (cls == null) { 
            return null;
        }
        synchronized(libraries) {
            if (options.containsKey(cls)) {
                return cls;
            }
        }
        if (Library.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
            return cls;
        }
        if (Callback.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
            cls = CallbackReference.findCallbackClass(cls);
        }
        Class declaring = cls.getDeclaringClass();
        Class fromDeclaring = findEnclosingLibraryClass(declaring);
        if (fromDeclaring != null) {
            return fromDeclaring;
        }
        return findEnclosingLibraryClass(cls.getSuperclass());
    }
    

    /** Return the preferred native library configuration options for the given 
     * class.
     * @see Library 
     */
    public static Map getLibraryOptions(Class type) {
        synchronized(libraries) {
            Class interfaceClass = findEnclosingLibraryClass(type);
            if (interfaceClass != null) 
                loadLibraryInstance(interfaceClass);
            else
                interfaceClass = type;
            if (!options.containsKey(interfaceClass)) {
                try {
                    Field field = interfaceClass.getField("OPTIONS");
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    options.put(interfaceClass, field.get(null));
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("OPTIONS must be a public field of type java.util.Map (" 
                                                       + e + "): " + interfaceClass);
                }
            }
            return (Map)options.get(interfaceClass);
        }
    }

    /** Return the preferred {@link TypeMapper} for the given native interface.
     * See {@link com.sun.jna.Library#OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER}. 
     */
    public static TypeMapper getTypeMapper(Class cls) {
        synchronized(libraries) {
            Class interfaceClass = findEnclosingLibraryClass(cls);
            if (interfaceClass != null)
                loadLibraryInstance(interfaceClass);
            else
                interfaceClass = cls;

            if (!typeMappers.containsKey(interfaceClass)) {
                try {
                    Field field = interfaceClass.getField("TYPE_MAPPER");
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    typeMappers.put(interfaceClass, field.get(null));
                }
                catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                    Map options = getLibraryOptions(cls);
                    if (options != null
                        && options.containsKey(Library.OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER)) {
                        typeMappers.put(interfaceClass, options.get(Library.OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER));
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("TYPE_MAPPER must be a public field of type "
                                                       + TypeMapper.class.getName() + " (" 
                                                       + e + "): " + interfaceClass);
                }
            }
            return (TypeMapper)typeMappers.get(interfaceClass);
        }
    }

    /** Return the preferred structure alignment for the given native interface. 
     * See {@link com.sun.jna.Library#OPTION_STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT}.
     */
    public static int getStructureAlignment(Class cls) {
        synchronized(libraries) {
            Class interfaceClass = findEnclosingLibraryClass(cls);
            if (interfaceClass != null) 
                loadLibraryInstance(interfaceClass);
            else
                interfaceClass = cls;
            if (!alignments.containsKey(interfaceClass)) {
                try {
                    Field field = interfaceClass.getField("STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT");
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    alignments.put(interfaceClass, field.get(null));
                }
                catch(NoSuchFieldException e) {
                    Map options = getLibraryOptions(interfaceClass);
                    if (options != null
                        && options.containsKey(Library.OPTION_STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT)) {
                        alignments.put(interfaceClass, options.get(Library.OPTION_STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT));
                    }
                }
                catch(Exception e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT must be a public field of type int ("
                                                       + e + "): " + interfaceClass);
                }
            }
            Integer value = (Integer)alignments.get(interfaceClass);
            return value != null ? value.intValue() : Structure.ALIGN_DEFAULT;
        }
    }
    
    /** Return a byte array corresponding to the given String.  If the
     * system property <code>jna.encoding</code> is set, its value will override
     * the default platform encoding (if supported).
     */
    static byte[] getBytes(String s) {
        try {
            return getBytes(s, System.getProperty("jna.encoding"));
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            return s.getBytes();
        }
    }

    /** Return a byte array corresponding to the given String, using the given
        encoding.
    */
    static byte[] getBytes(String s, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (encoding != null) {
            return s.getBytes(encoding);
        }
        return s.getBytes();
    }

    /** Obtain a NUL-terminated byte buffer equivalent to the given String,
        using <code>jna.encoding</code> or the default platform encoding if
        that property is not set.
    */
    public static byte[] toByteArray(String s) {
        byte[] bytes = getBytes(s);
        byte[] buf = new byte[bytes.length+1];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, buf, 0, bytes.length);
        return buf;
    }

    /** Obtain a NUL-terminated byte buffer equivalent to the given String,
        using the given encoding.
     */
    public static byte[] toByteArray(String s, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        byte[] bytes = getBytes(s, encoding);
        byte[] buf = new byte[bytes.length+1];
        System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, buf, 0, bytes.length);
        return buf;
    }

    /** Obtain a NUL-terminated wide character buffer equivalent to the given
        String.
    */ 
    public static char[] toCharArray(String s) {
        char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
        char[] buf = new char[chars.length+1];
        System.arraycopy(chars, 0, buf, 0, chars.length);
        return buf;
    }

    static String getNativeLibraryResourcePath(int osType, String arch, String name) {
        String osPrefix;
        arch = arch.toLowerCase();
        switch(osType) {
        case Platform.WINDOWS:
            if ("i386".equals(arch))
                arch = "x86";
            osPrefix = "win32-" + arch;
            break;
        case Platform.MAC:
            osPrefix = "darwin";
            break;
        case Platform.LINUX:
            if ("x86".equals(arch)) {
                arch = "i386";
            }
            else if ("x86_64".equals(arch)) {
                arch = "amd64";
            }
            osPrefix = "linux-" + arch;
            break;
        case Platform.SOLARIS:
            osPrefix = "sunos-" + arch;
            break;
        default:
            osPrefix = name.toLowerCase();
            if ("x86".equals(arch)) {
                arch = "i386";
            }
            if ("x86_64".equals(arch)) {
                arch = "amd64";
            }
            if ("powerpc".equals(arch)) {
                arch = "ppc";
            }
            int space = osPrefix.indexOf(" ");
            if (space != -1) {
                osPrefix = osPrefix.substring(0, space);
            }
            osPrefix += "-" + arch;
            break;
        }
        return "/com/sun/jna/" + osPrefix;
    }

    /**
     * Loads the JNA stub library.  It will first attempt to load this library
     * from the directories specified in jna.boot.library.path.  If that fails,
     * it will fallback to loading from the system library paths. Finally it will
     * attempt to extract the stub library from from the JNA jar file, and load it.
     * <p>
     * The jna.boot.library.path property is mainly to support jna.jar being
     * included in -Xbootclasspath, where java.library.path and LD_LIBRARY_PATH
     * are ignored.  It might also be useful in other situations.
     * </p>
     */
    private static void loadNativeLibrary() {
        String libName = "jnidispatch";
        String bootPath = System.getProperty("jna.boot.library.path");
        if (bootPath != null) {
            String[] dirs = bootPath.split(File.pathSeparator);
            for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; ++i) {
                String path = new File(new File(dirs[i]), System.mapLibraryName(libName)).getAbsolutePath();
                try {
                    System.load(path);
                    nativeLibraryPath = path;
                    return;
                } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ex) {
                }
                if (Platform.isMac()) {
                    String orig, ext;
                    if (path.endsWith("dylib")) {
                        orig = "dylib";
                        ext = "jnilib";
                    } else {
                        orig = "jnilib";
                        ext = "dylib";
                    }
                    try {
                        path = path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf(orig)) + ext;
                        System.load(path);
                        nativeLibraryPath = path;
                        return;
                    } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError ex) {
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        try {
            System.loadLibrary(libName);
            nativeLibraryPath = libName;
        }
        catch(UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
            loadNativeLibraryFromJar();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to load the native library resource from the filesystem,
     * extracting the JNA stub library from jna.jar if not already available.
     */
    private static void loadNativeLibraryFromJar() {
        String libname = System.mapLibraryName("jnidispatch");
        String arch = System.getProperty("os.arch");
        String name = System.getProperty("os.name");
        String resourceName = getNativeLibraryResourcePath(Platform.getOSType(), arch, name) + "/" + libname;
        URL url = Native.class.getResource(resourceName);
                
        // Add an ugly hack for OpenJDK (soylatte) - JNI libs use the usual
        // .dylib extension 
        if (url == null && Platform.isMac()
            && resourceName.endsWith(".dylib")) {
            resourceName = resourceName.substring(0, resourceName.lastIndexOf(".dylib")) + ".jnilib";
            url = Native.class.getResource(resourceName);
        }
        if (url == null) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError("jnidispatch (" + resourceName 
                                           + ") not found in resource path");
        }
    
        File lib = null;
        if (url.getProtocol().toLowerCase().equals("file")) {
            try {
                lib = new File(new URI(url.toString()));
            }
            catch(URISyntaxException e) {
                lib = new File(url.getPath());
            }
            if (!lib.exists()) {
                throw new Error("File URL " + url + " could not be properly decoded");
            }
        }
        else {
            InputStream is = Native.class.getResourceAsStream(resourceName);
            if (is == null) {
                throw new Error("Can't obtain jnidispatch InputStream");
            }
            
            FileOutputStream fos = null;
            try {
                // Suffix is required on windows, or library fails to load
                // Let Java pick the suffix, except on windows, to avoid
                // problems with Web Start.
                lib = File.createTempFile("jna", Platform.isWindows()?".dll":null);
                lib.deleteOnExit();
                ClassLoader cl = Native.class.getClassLoader();
                if (Platform.deleteNativeLibraryAfterVMExit()
                    && (cl == null
                        || cl.equals(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()))) {
                    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new DeleteNativeLibrary(lib));
                }
                fos = new FileOutputStream(lib);
                int count;
                byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
                while ((count = is.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) {
                    fos.write(buf, 0, count);
                }
            }
            catch(IOException e) {
                throw new Error("Failed to create temporary file for jnidispatch library: " + e);
            }
            finally {
                try { is.close(); } catch(IOException e) { }
                if (fos != null) {
                    try { fos.close(); } catch(IOException e) { }
                }
            }
            unpacked = true;
        }
        System.load(lib.getAbsolutePath());
        nativeLibraryPath = lib.getAbsolutePath();
    }

    /**
     * Initialize field and method IDs for native methods of this class. 
     * Returns the size of a native pointer.
     **/
    private static native int sizeof(int type);

    private static native String getNativeVersion();
    private static native String getAPIChecksum();

    private static final ThreadLocal lastError = new ThreadLocal() {
        protected synchronized Object initialValue() {
            return new Integer(0);
        }
    };
    
    /** Retrieve the last error set by the OS.  This corresponds to
     * <code>GetLastError()</code> on Windows, and <code>errno</code> on
     * most other platforms.  The value is preserved per-thread, but whether 
     * the original value is per-thread depends on the underlying OS.  The 
     * result is undefined if {@link #getPreserveLastError} is 
     * <code>false</code>.<p>
     * The preferred method of obtaining the last error result is
     * to declare your mapped method to throw {@link LastErrorException}
     * instead. 
     */
    public static int getLastError() {
        return ((Integer)lastError.get()).intValue();
    }
    
    /** Set the OS last error code.  Whether the setting is per-thread
     * or global depends on the underlying OS.
     */
    public static native void setLastError(int code);

    /** Update the last error value (called from native code). */
    static void updateLastError(int e) {
        lastError.set(new Integer(e));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) library backed by the specified
     * library.  This wrapping will prevent simultaneous invocations of any
     * functions mapped to a given {@link NativeLibrary}.  Note that the 
     * native library may still be sensitive to being called from different
     * threads.
     * <p>
     * @param  library the library to be "wrapped" in a synchronized library.
     * @return a synchronized view of the specified library.
     */
    public static Library synchronizedLibrary(final Library library) {
        Class cls = library.getClass();
        if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(cls)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Library must be a proxy class");
        }
        InvocationHandler ih = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(library);
        if (!(ih instanceof Library.Handler)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unrecognized proxy handler: " + ih);
        }
        final Library.Handler handler = (Library.Handler)ih; 
        InvocationHandler newHandler = new InvocationHandler() {
            public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                synchronized(handler.getNativeLibrary()) {
                    return handler.invoke(library, method, args);
                }
            }
        };
        return (Library)Proxy.newProxyInstance(cls.getClassLoader(),
                                               cls.getInterfaces(),
                                               newHandler);
    }
    
    /** If running web start, determine the location of a given native 
     * library.  This value may be used to properly set 
     * <code>jna.library.path</code> so that JNA can load libraries identified
     * by the &lt;nativelib&gt; tag in the JNLP configuration file.  Returns 
     * <code>null</code> if the Web Start native library cache location can not 
     * be determined.  Note that the path returned may be different for any
     * given library name.
     * <p>
     * Use <code>System.getProperty("javawebstart.version")</code> to detect
     * whether your code is running under Web Start.
     * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError if the library can't be found by the
     * Web Start class loader, which usually means it wasn't included as 
     * a <code>&lt;nativelib&gt;</code> resource in the JNLP file.
     * @return null if unable to query the web start loader.
     */
    public static String getWebStartLibraryPath(final String libName) {
        if (System.getProperty("javawebstart.version") == null)
            return null;
        try {

            final ClassLoader cl = Native.class.getClassLoader();
            Method m = (Method)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
                public Object run() {
                    try {
                        Method m = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("findLibrary", new Class[] { String.class });
                        m.setAccessible(true);
                        return m;
                    }
                    catch(Exception e) {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
            });
            String libpath = (String)m.invoke(cl, new Object[] { libName });
            if (libpath != null) {
                return new File(libpath).getParent();
            }
            return null;
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /** For internal use only. */
    public static class DeleteNativeLibrary extends Thread {
        private final File file;
        public DeleteNativeLibrary(File file) {
            this.file = file;
        }
        public void run() {
            // If we can't force an unload/delete, spawn a new process
            // to do so
            if (!deleteNativeLibrary()) {
                try {
                    Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] {
                        System.getProperty("java.home") + "/bin/java",
                        "-cp", System.getProperty("java.class.path"),
                        getClass().getName(),
                        file.getAbsolutePath(),
                    });
                }
                catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
            }
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            if (args.length == 1) {
                File file = new File(args[0]);
                if (file.exists()) { 
                    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    while (!file.delete() && file.exists()) {
                        try { Thread.sleep(10); }
                        catch(InterruptedException e) { }
                        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 5000) {
                            System.err.println("Could not remove temp file: "
                                               + file.getAbsolutePath());
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }

    /** Returns the native size of the given class, in bytes. 
     * For use with arrays.
     */
    public static int getNativeSize(Class type, Object value) {
        if (type.isArray()) {
            int len = Array.getLength(value);
            if (len > 0) {
                Object o = Array.get(value, 0);
                return len * getNativeSize(type.getComponentType(), o);
            }
            // Don't process zero-length arrays
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Arrays of length zero not allowed: " + type);
        }
        if (Structure.class.isAssignableFrom(type)
            && !Structure.ByReference.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            if (value == null)
                value = Structure.newInstance(type);
            return ((Structure)value).size();
        }
        try {
            return getNativeSize(type);
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The type \"" + type.getName()
                                               + "\" is not supported: "
                                               + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /** Returns the native size for a given Java class.  Structures are
     * assumed to be <code>struct</code> pointers unless they implement
     * {@link Structure.ByValue}.
     */
    public static int getNativeSize(Class cls) {
        if (NativeMapped.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
            cls = NativeMappedConverter.getInstance(cls).nativeType();
        }
        // boolean defaults to 32 bit integer if not otherwise mapped
        if (cls == boolean.class || cls == Boolean.class) return 4;
        if (cls == byte.class || cls == Byte.class) return 1;
        if (cls == short.class || cls == Short.class) return 2; 
        if (cls == char.class || cls == Character.class) return WCHAR_SIZE;
        if (cls == int.class || cls == Integer.class) return 4;
        if (cls == long.class || cls == Long.class) return 8;
        if (cls == float.class || cls == Float.class) return 4;
        if (cls == double.class || cls == Double.class) return 8;
        if (Structure.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
            if (Structure.ByValue.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                return Structure.newInstance(cls).size();
            }
            return POINTER_SIZE;
        }
        if (Pointer.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)
            || Buffer.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)
            || Callback.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)
            || String.class == cls
            || WString.class == cls) {
            return POINTER_SIZE;
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Native size for type \"" + cls.getName() 
        								   + "\" is unknown");
    }

    /** Indicate whether the given class is supported as a native argument
     * type.
     */  
    public static boolean isSupportedNativeType(Class cls) {
        if (Structure.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
            return true;
        }
        try {
            return getNativeSize(cls) != 0;
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /** Set the default handler invoked when a callback throws an uncaught
     * exception.  If the given handler is <code>null</code>, the default
     * handler will be reinstated.
     */
    public static void setCallbackExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh) {
        callbackExceptionHandler = eh == null ? DEFAULT_HANDLER : eh;
    }

    /** Returns the current handler for callback uncaught exceptions. */
    public static UncaughtExceptionHandler getCallbackExceptionHandler() {
        return callbackExceptionHandler;
    }
    
    /** When called from a class static initializer, maps all native methods
     * found within that class to native libraries via the JNA raw calling
     * interface.
     * @param libName library name to which functions should be bound
     */
    public static void register(String libName) {
        register(getNativeClass(getCallingClass()),
                 NativeLibrary.getInstance(libName));
    }

    /** When called from a class static initializer, maps all native methods
     * found within that class to native libraries via the JNA raw calling
     * interface.
     * @param lib native library to which functions should be bound
     */
    public static void register(NativeLibrary lib) {
        register(getNativeClass(getCallingClass()), lib);
    }

    static Class getNativeClass(Class cls) {
        Method[] methods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (int i=0;i < methods.length;i++) {
            if ((methods[i].getModifiers() & Modifier.NATIVE) != 0) {
                return cls;
            }
        }
        int idx = cls.getName().lastIndexOf("$");
        if (idx != -1) {
            String name = cls.getName().substring(0, idx);
            try {
                return getNativeClass(Class.forName(name, true, cls.getClassLoader()));
            }
            catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't determine class with native methods from the current context (" + cls + ")");
    }

    static Class getCallingClass() {
        Class[] context = new SecurityManager() {
            public Class[] getClassContext() {
                return super.getClassContext();
            }
        }.getClassContext();
        if (context.length < 4) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("This method must be called from the static initializer of a class");
        }
        return context[3];
    }

    private static Map registeredClasses = new HashMap();
    private static Map registeredLibraries = new HashMap();
    private static Object unloader = new Object() {
        protected void finalize() {
            synchronized(registeredClasses) {
                for (Iterator i=registeredClasses.entrySet().iterator();i.hasNext();) {
                    Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)i.next();
                    unregister((Class)e.getKey(), (long[])e.getValue());
                    i.remove();
                }
            }
        }
    };

    /** Remove all native mappings for the calling class.
        Should only be called if the class is no longer referenced and about
        to be garbage collected.
     */
    public static void unregister() {
        unregister(getNativeClass(getCallingClass()));
    }

    /** Remove all native mappings for the given class.
        Should only be called if the class is no longer referenced and about
        to be garbage collected.
     */
    public static void unregister(Class cls) {
        synchronized(registeredClasses) {
            if (registeredClasses.containsKey(cls)) {
                unregister(cls, (long[])registeredClasses.get(cls));
                registeredClasses.remove(cls);
                registeredLibraries.remove(cls);
            }
        }
    }

    /** Unregister the native methods for the given class. */
    private static native void unregister(Class cls, long[] handles);

    private static String getSignature(Class cls) {
        if (cls.isArray()) {
            return "[" + getSignature(cls.getComponentType());
        }
        if (cls.isPrimitive()) {
            if (cls == void.class) return "V";
            if (cls == boolean.class) return "Z";
            if (cls == byte.class) return "B";
            if (cls == short.class) return "S";
            if (cls == char.class) return "C";
            if (cls == int.class) return "I";
            if (cls == long.class) return "J";
            if (cls == float.class) return "F";
            if (cls == double.class) return "D";
        }
        return "L" + replace(".", "/", cls.getName()) + ";";
    }

    // No String.replace available in 1.4 
    static String replace(String s1, String s2, String str) {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        while (true) {
            int idx = str.indexOf(s1);
            if (idx == -1) {
                buf.append(str);
                break;
            }
            else {
                buf.append(str.substring(0, idx));
                buf.append(s2);
                str = str.substring(idx + s1.length());
            }
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    private static final int CVT_UNSUPPORTED = -1;
    private static final int CVT_DEFAULT = 0;
    private static final int CVT_POINTER = 1;
    private static final int CVT_STRING = 2;
    private static final int CVT_STRUCTURE = 3;
    private static final int CVT_STRUCTURE_BYVAL = 4;
    private static final int CVT_BUFFER = 5;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_BYTE = 6;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_SHORT = 7;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_CHAR = 8;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_INT = 9;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_LONG = 10;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_FLOAT = 11;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_DOUBLE = 12;
    private static final int CVT_ARRAY_BOOLEAN = 13;
    private static final int CVT_BOOLEAN = 14;
    private static final int CVT_CALLBACK = 15;
    private static final int CVT_FLOAT = 16;
    private static final int CVT_NATIVE_MAPPED = 17;
    private static final int CVT_WSTRING = 18;
    private static final int CVT_INTEGER_TYPE = 19;
    private static final int CVT_POINTER_TYPE = 20;
    private static final int CVT_TYPE_MAPPER = 21;

    private static int getConversion(Class type, TypeMapper mapper) {
        if (type == Boolean.class) type = boolean.class;
        else if (type == Byte.class) type = byte.class;
        else if (type == Short.class) type = short.class;
        else if (type == Character.class) type = char.class;
        else if (type == Integer.class) type = int.class;
        else if (type == Long.class) type = long.class;
        else if (type == Float.class) type = float.class;
        else if (type == Double.class) type = double.class;
        else if (type == Void.class) type = void.class;
            
        if (mapper != null
            && (mapper.getFromNativeConverter(type) != null
                || mapper.getToNativeConverter(type) != null)) {
            return CVT_TYPE_MAPPER;
        }

        if (Pointer.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_POINTER;
        }
        if (String.class == type) {
            return CVT_STRING;
        }
        if (WString.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_WSTRING;
        }
        if (Buffer.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_BUFFER;
        }
        if (Structure.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            if (Structure.ByValue.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
                return CVT_STRUCTURE_BYVAL;
            }
            return CVT_STRUCTURE;
        }
        if (type.isArray()) {
            switch(type.getName().charAt(1)) {
            case 'Z': return CVT_ARRAY_BOOLEAN;
            case 'B': return CVT_ARRAY_BYTE;
            case 'S': return CVT_ARRAY_SHORT;
            case 'C': return CVT_ARRAY_CHAR;
            case 'I': return CVT_ARRAY_INT;
            case 'J': return CVT_ARRAY_LONG;
            case 'F': return CVT_ARRAY_FLOAT;
            case 'D': return CVT_ARRAY_DOUBLE;
            default: break;
            }
        }
        if (type.isPrimitive()) {
            return type == boolean.class ? CVT_BOOLEAN : CVT_DEFAULT;
        }
        if (Callback.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_CALLBACK;
        }
        if (IntegerType.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_INTEGER_TYPE;
        }
        if (PointerType.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_POINTER_TYPE;
        }
        if (NativeMapped.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
            return CVT_NATIVE_MAPPED;
        }
        return CVT_UNSUPPORTED;
    }

    /** When called from a class static initializer, maps all native methods
     * found within that class to native libraries via the JNA raw calling
     * interface.
     * @param lib library to which functions should be bound
     */
    // TODO: derive options from annotations (per-class or per-method)
    // options: read parameter type mapping (long/native long),
    // method name, library name, call conv
    public static void register(Class cls, NativeLibrary lib) {
        Method[] methods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
        List mlist = new ArrayList();
        TypeMapper mapper = (TypeMapper)
            lib.getOptions().get(Library.OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER);

        for (int i=0;i < methods.length;i++) {
            if ((methods[i].getModifiers() & Modifier.NATIVE) != 0) {
                mlist.add(methods[i]);
            }
        }
        long[] handles = new long[mlist.size()];
        for (int i=0;i < handles.length;i++) {
            Method method = (Method)mlist.get(i);
            String sig = "(";
            Class rclass = method.getReturnType();
            long rtype, closure_rtype;
            Class[] ptypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            long[] atypes = new long[ptypes.length];
            long[] closure_atypes = new long[ptypes.length];
            int[] cvt = new int[ptypes.length];
            ToNativeConverter[] toNative = new ToNativeConverter[ptypes.length];
            FromNativeConverter fromNative = null;
            int rcvt = getConversion(rclass, mapper);
            boolean throwLastError = false;
            switch (rcvt) {
            case CVT_UNSUPPORTED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(rclass + " is not a supported return type (in method " + method.getName() + " in " + cls + ")");
            case CVT_TYPE_MAPPER:
                fromNative = mapper.getFromNativeConverter(rclass);
                closure_rtype = FFIType.get(rclass).peer;
                rtype = FFIType.get(fromNative.nativeType()).peer;
                break;
            case CVT_NATIVE_MAPPED:
            case CVT_INTEGER_TYPE:
            case CVT_POINTER_TYPE:
                closure_rtype = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                rtype = FFIType.get(NativeMappedConverter.getInstance(rclass).nativeType()).peer;
                break;
            case CVT_STRUCTURE:
                closure_rtype = rtype = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                break;
            case CVT_STRUCTURE_BYVAL:
                closure_rtype = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                rtype = FFIType.get(rclass).peer;
                break;
            default:
                closure_rtype = rtype = FFIType.get(rclass).peer;
                break;
            }
            for (int t=0;t < ptypes.length;t++) {
                Class type = ptypes[t];
                sig += getSignature(type);
                cvt[t] = getConversion(type, mapper);
                if (cvt[t] == CVT_UNSUPPORTED) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(type + " is not a supported argument type (in method " + method.getName() + " in " + cls + ")");
                }
                if (cvt[t] == CVT_NATIVE_MAPPED
                    || cvt[t] == CVT_INTEGER_TYPE) {
                    type = NativeMappedConverter.getInstance(type).nativeType();
                }
                else if (cvt[t] == CVT_TYPE_MAPPER) {
                    toNative[t] = mapper.getToNativeConverter(type);
                }
                // Determine the type that will be passed to the native
                // function, as well as the type to be passed
                // from Java initially
                switch(cvt[t]) {
                case CVT_STRUCTURE_BYVAL:
                case CVT_INTEGER_TYPE:
                case CVT_POINTER_TYPE:
                case CVT_NATIVE_MAPPED:
                    atypes[t] = FFIType.get(type).peer;
                    closure_atypes[t] = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                    break;
                case CVT_TYPE_MAPPER:
                    if (type.isPrimitive())
                        closure_atypes[t] = FFIType.get(type).peer;
                    else
                        closure_atypes[t] = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                    atypes[t] = FFIType.get(toNative[t].nativeType()).peer;
                    break;
                case CVT_DEFAULT:
                    closure_atypes[t] = atypes[t] = FFIType.get(type).peer;
                    break;
                default:
                    closure_atypes[t] = atypes[t] = FFIType.get(Pointer.class).peer;
                    break;
                }
            }
            sig += ")";
            sig += getSignature(rclass);
            
            Class[] etypes = method.getExceptionTypes();
            for (int e=0;e < etypes.length;e++) {
                if (LastErrorException.class.isAssignableFrom(etypes[e])) {
                    throwLastError = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            String name = method.getName();
            FunctionMapper fmapper = (FunctionMapper)lib.getOptions().get(Library.OPTION_FUNCTION_MAPPER);
            if (fmapper != null) {
                name = fmapper.getFunctionName(lib, method);
            }
            Function f = lib.getFunction(name, method);
            try {
                handles[i] = registerMethod(cls, method.getName(),
                                            sig, cvt,
                                            closure_atypes, atypes, rcvt,
                                            closure_rtype, rtype, 
                                            rclass,
                                            f.peer, f.getCallingConvention(),
                                            throwLastError,
                                            toNative, fromNative);
            }
            catch(NoSuchMethodError e) {
                throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError("No method " + method.getName() + " with signature " + sig + " in " + cls);
            }
        }
        synchronized(registeredClasses) {
            registeredClasses.put(cls, handles);
            registeredLibraries.put(cls, lib);
        }
        cacheOptions(cls, lib.getOptions(), null);
    }

    /** Take note of options used for a given library mapping, to facilitate
        looking them up later.
    */
    private static void cacheOptions(Class cls, Map libOptions, Object proxy) {
        synchronized(libraries) {
            if (!libOptions.isEmpty()) 
                options.put(cls, libOptions);
            if (libOptions.containsKey(Library.OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER))
                typeMappers.put(cls, libOptions.get(Library.OPTION_TYPE_MAPPER));
            if (libOptions.containsKey(Library.OPTION_STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT))
                alignments.put(cls, libOptions.get(Library.OPTION_STRUCTURE_ALIGNMENT));
            if (proxy != null) {
                libraries.put(cls, new WeakReference(proxy));
            }

            // If it's a direct mapping, AND implements a Library interface,
            // cache the library interface as well, so that any nested
            // classes get the appropriate associated options
            if (!cls.isInterface()
                && Library.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                Class ifaces[] = cls.getInterfaces();
                for (int i=0;i < ifaces.length;i++) {
                    if (Library.class.isAssignableFrom(ifaces[i])) {
                        cacheOptions(ifaces[i], libOptions, proxy);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static native long registerMethod(Class cls,
                                              String name,
                                              String signature,
                                              int[] conversions,
                                              long[] closure_arg_types,
                                              long[] arg_types,
                                              int rconversion,
                                              long closure_rtype,
                                              long rtype,
                                              Class rclass,
                                              long fptr,
                                              int callingConvention,
                                              boolean throwLastError,
                                              ToNativeConverter[] toNative,
                                              FromNativeConverter fromNative);
    

    // Called from native code
    private static NativeMapped fromNative(Class cls, Object value) {
        // NOTE: technically should be either CallbackParameterContext or
        // FunctionResultContext 
        return (NativeMapped)NativeMappedConverter.getInstance(cls).fromNative(value, new FromNativeContext(cls));
    }
    // Called from native code
    private static Class nativeType(Class cls) {
        return NativeMappedConverter.getInstance(cls).nativeType();
    }
    // Called from native code
    private static Object toNative(ToNativeConverter cvt, Object o) {
        // NOTE: technically should be either CallbackResultContext or
        // FunctionParameterContext
        return cvt.toNative(o, new ToNativeContext());
    }
    // Called from native code
    private static Object fromNative(FromNativeConverter cvt, Object o, Class cls) {
        // NOTE: technically should be FunctionResultContext 
        return cvt.fromNative(o, new FromNativeContext(cls));
    }

    public static native long ffi_prep_cif(int abi, int nargs, long ffi_return_type, long ffi_types);
    public static native void ffi_call(long cif, long fptr, long resp, long args);
    public static native long ffi_prep_closure(long cif, ffi_callback cb);
    public static native void ffi_free_closure(long closure);
    
    /** Returns the size (calculated by libffi) of the given type. */
    static native int initialize_ffi_type(long type_info);

    public interface ffi_callback {
        void invoke(long cif, long resp, long argp);
    }

    /** Prints JNA library details to the console. */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String DEFAULT_TITLE = "Java Native Access (JNA)";
        final String DEFAULT_VERSION = VERSION;
        final String DEFAULT_BUILD = VERSION + " (package information missing)";
        Package pkg = Native.class.getPackage();
        String title = pkg.getSpecificationTitle();
        if (title == null) title = DEFAULT_TITLE;
        String version = pkg.getSpecificationVersion();
        if (version == null) version = DEFAULT_VERSION;
        title += " API Version " + version;
        System.out.println(title);
        version = pkg.getImplementationVersion();
        if (version == null) version = DEFAULT_BUILD;
        System.out.println("Version: " + version);
        System.out.println(" Native: " + getNativeVersion() + " ("
                           + getAPIChecksum() + ")");
        System.exit(0);
    }
} public static class HANDLE extends PointerType {
    private boolean immutable;
    public HANDLE() { }
    public HANDLE(Pointer p) { setPointer(p); immutable = true; }
        
    /** Override to the appropriate object for INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE. */
    public Object fromNative(Object nativeValue, FromNativeContext context) {
        Object o = super.fromNative(nativeValue, context);
        if (WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE.equals(o))
            return WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        return o;
    }
        
    public void setPointer(Pointer p) {
        if (immutable) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("immutable reference");
        }
 
        super.setPointer(p);
    }
}
 public static class HANDLEByReference extends ByReference {
        
	public HANDLEByReference() {
        this(null);
    }
        
    public HANDLEByReference(HANDLE h) {
        super(Pointer.SIZE);
        setValue(h);
    }
        
    public void setValue(HANDLE h) {
        getPointer().setPointer(0, h != null ? h.getPointer() : null);
    }
        
    public HANDLE getValue() {
        Pointer p = getPointer().getPointer(0);
        if (p == null)
            return null;
        if (WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE.getPointer().equals(p)) 
            return WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        HANDLE h = new HANDLE();
        h.setPointer(p);
        return h;
    }
}
 public static class PSID extends Structure {
		
   	public static class ByReference extends PSID implements Structure.ByReference {
    		
   	}
		
	public PSID() {
		super();
	}
		
	public PSID(byte[] data) {
		super();
		Memory memory = new Memory(data.length);
		memory.write(0, data, 0, data.length);
		setPointer(memory);
	}
		
	public PSID(int size) {
		super(new Memory(size));
	}
		
	public PSID(Pointer memory) {
		super(memory);
		read();
	}

       public void setPointer(Pointer p) {
           useMemory(p);
           read();
       }
		
       public byte[] getBytes() {
       	int len = Advapi32.INSTANCE.GetLengthSid(this);
       	return getPointer().getByteArray(0, len);
       }
        
       public Pointer sid;                
}
 public static class PSIDByReference extends ByReference {
    public PSIDByReference() {
        this(null);
    }
    public PSIDByReference(PSID h) {
        super(Pointer.SIZE);
        setValue(h);
    }
    public void setValue(PSID h) {
        getPointer().setPointer(0, h != null ? h.getPointer() : null);
    }
    public PSID getValue() {
        Pointer p = getPointer().getPointer(0);
        if (p == null)
            return null;
        PSID h = new PSID();
        h.setPointer(p);
        return h;
    }
}	
 public static class SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES extends Structure {
	public SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES() {
		super();
	}
		
	public SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES(Pointer memory) {
		useMemory(memory);
		read();
	}
		
	/**
	 * Pointer to a SID structure. 
	 */
	public PSID.ByReference Sid;
		
	/**
	 * Specifies attributes of the SID. This value contains up to 32 one-bit flags.
	 * Its meaning depends on the definition and use of the SID. 
	 */
	public int Attributes;
}
 public abstract class SID_NAME_USE { 
	/**
	 * Indicates a user SID. 
	 */
    public static final int SidTypeUser = 1;
    /**
     * Indicates a group SID. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeGroup = 2;
    /**
     * Indicates a domain SID. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeDomain = 3;
    /**
     * Indicates an alias SID. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeAlias = 4;
    /**
     * Indicates a SID for a well-known group. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeWellKnownGroup = 5;
    /**
     * Indicates a SID for a deleted account. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeDeletedAccount = 6;
    /**
     * Indicates an invalid SID. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeInvalid = 7;
    /**
     * Indicates an unknown SID type. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeUnknown = 8;
    /**
     * Indicates a SID for a computer. 
     */
    public static final int SidTypeComputer = 9;
    /**
     * ?
     */
    public static final int SidTypeLabel = 10;
}	
 public static class HKEY extends HANDLE {
       public HKEY() { }
       public HKEY(Pointer p) { super(p); }
       public HKEY(int value) { super(new Pointer(value)); }
}
 public static class HKEYByReference extends ByReference {
    public HKEYByReference() {
        this(null);
    }
        
    public HKEYByReference(HKEY h) {
        super(Pointer.SIZE);
        setValue(h);
    }
        
    public void setValue(HKEY h) {
        getPointer().setPointer(0, h != null ? h.getPointer() : null);
    }
        
    public HKEY getValue() {
        Pointer p = getPointer().getPointer(0);
        if (p == null)
            return null;
        if (WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE.getPointer().equals(p)) 
            return (HKEY) WinBase.INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
        HKEY h = new HKEY();
        h.setPointer(p);
        return h;
    }
}
 public class IntByReference extends ByReference {

    public IntByReference() {
        this(0);
    }
    
    public IntByReference(int value) {
        super(4);
        setValue(value);
    }
    
    public void setValue(int value) {
        getPointer().setInt(0, value);
    }
    
    public int getValue() {
        return getPointer().getInt(0);
    }
} public class PointerByReference extends ByReference {

    public PointerByReference() {
        this(null);
    }
    
    public PointerByReference(Pointer value) {
        super(Pointer.SIZE);
        setValue(value);
    }
    
    public void setValue(Pointer value) {
        getPointer().setPointer(0, value);
    }
    
    public Pointer getValue() {
        return getPointer().getPointer(0);
    }
}
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import com.sun.jna.Memory;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.HANDLE;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.HANDLEByReference;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.PSID;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.PSIDByReference;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.SID_AND_ATTRIBUTES;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.SID_NAME_USE;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinReg.HKEY;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinReg.HKEYByReference;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.PointerByReference;
/* Copyright (c) 2010 Daniel Doubrovkine, All Rights Reserved
 * 
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.  
 */
package com.sun.jna.platform.win32;



/**
 * Advapi32 utility API.
 * @author dblock[at]dblock.org
 */
public abstract class Advapi32Util {
	
	/**
	 * An account.
	 */
	public static class Account {
		/**
		 * Account name.
		 */
		public String name;
		/**
		 * Account domain.
		 */
		public String domain;
		/**
		 * Account SID.
		 */
		public byte[] sid;
		/**
		 * String representation of the account SID.
		 */
		public String sidString;
		/**
		 * Account type, one of SID_NAME_USE.
		 */
		public int accountType;
		/**
		 * Fully qualified account name.
		 */
		public String fqn;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Retrieves the name of the user associated with the current thread.
	 * @return A user name.
	 */
	public static String getUserName() {
		char[] buffer = new char[128];
		IntByReference len = new IntByReference(buffer.length);
		boolean result = Advapi32.INSTANCE.GetUserNameW(buffer, len); 
		
		if (! result) {
			
			int rc = Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetLastError();

			switch(rc) {
			case W32Errors.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
				buffer = new char[len.getValue()];
				break;
			default:
				throw new Win32Exception(Native.getLastError());
			}
			
			result = Advapi32.INSTANCE.GetUserNameW(buffer, len);
		}
		
		if (! result) {
			throw new Win32Exception(Native.getLastError());
		}
		
		return Native.toString(buffer);
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves a security identifier (SID) for the account on the current system.
	 * @param accountName Specifies the account name.
	 * @return A structure containing the account SID;
	 */
	public static Account getAccountByName(String accountName) {
		return getAccountByName(null, accountName);
	}
			
	/**
	 * Retrieves a security identifier (SID) for a given account.
	 * @param systemName Name of the system.
	 * @param accountName Account name.
	 * @return A structure containing the account SID.
	 */
	public static Account getAccountByName(String systemName, String accountName) {
		IntByReference pSid = new IntByReference(0);
		IntByReference cchDomainName = new IntByReference(0);
		PointerByReference peUse = new PointerByReference();
		
		if (Advapi32.INSTANCE.LookupAccountName(systemName, accountName, null, pSid, null, cchDomainName, peUse)) {
			throw new RuntimeException("LookupAccountNameW was expected to fail with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER");
		}
		
		int rc = Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetLastError();
		if (pSid.getValue() == 0 || rc != W32Errors.ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
			throw new Win32Exception(rc);
		}

		Memory sidMemory = new Memory(pSid.getValue());
		PSID result = new PSID(sidMemory);