diff --git "a/test.jsonl" "b/test.jsonl"
--- "a/test.jsonl"
+++ "b/test.jsonl"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 {"id": "2125", "title": "Stochastic systems with a random jump in phase trajectory: stability of their motions", "abstract": "The probabilistic stability of the perturbed motion of a system with parameters under the action of a general Markov process is studied. The phase vector is assumed to experience random jumps when the structure the system suffers random jumps. Such a situation is encountered, for example, in the motion of a solid with random jumps in its mass. The mean-square stability of random-structure linear systems and stability. of nonlinear systems in the first approximation are studied. The applied approach is helpful in studying the asymptotic probabilistic stability and mean-square exponential stability of stochastic systems through the stability of the respective deterministic systems", "keyphrases": ["stochastic systems", "random jump", "phase trajectory", "general Markov process", "asymptotic probabilistic stability", "mean-square exponential stability"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "292", "title": "Novel active noise-reducing headset using earshell vibration control", "abstract": "Active noise-reducing (ANR) headsets are available commercially in applications varying from aviation communication to consumer audio. Current ANR systems use passive attenuation at high frequencies and loudspeaker-based active noise control at low frequencies to achieve broadband noise reduction. This paper presents a novel ANR headset in which the external noise transmitted to the user's ear via earshell vibration is reduced by controlling the vibration of the earshell using force actuators acting against an inertial mass or the earshell headband. Model-based theoretical analysis using velocity feedback control showed that current piezoelectric actuators provide sufficient force but require lower stiffness for improved low-frequency performance. Control simulations based on experimental data from a laboratory headset showed that good performance can potentially be achieved in practice by a robust feedback controller, while a single-frequency real-time control experiment verified that noise reduction can be achieved using earshell vibration control", "keyphrases": ["active noise-reducing headset", "earshell vibration control", "aviation communication", "consumer audio", "passive attenuation", "broadband noise reduction", "external noise transmission", "force actuators", "inertial mass", "velocity feedback control", "piezoelectric actuators", "stiffness", "robust feedback controller", "single-frequency real-time control"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2038", "title": "Choice from a three-element set: some lessons of the 2000 presidential campaign in the United States", "abstract": "We consider the behavior of four choice rules - plurality voting, approval voting, Borda count, and self-consistent choice - when applied to choose the best option from a three-element set. It is assumed that the two main options are preferred by a large majority of the voters, while the third option gets a very small number of votes and influences the election outcome only when the two main options receive a close number of votes. When used to rate the main options, Borda count and self-consistent choice contain terms that allow both for the \"strength of preferences\" of the voters and the rating of the main candidates by voters who vote for the third option. In this way, it becomes possible to determine more reliably the winner when plurality voting or approval voting produce close results", "keyphrases": ["three-element set", "2000 presidential campaign", "plurality voting", "approval voting", "Borda count", "self-consistent choice"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "2005", "title": "State-of-the-art in orthopaedic surgical navigation with a focus on medical image modalities", "abstract": "This paper presents a review of surgical navigation systems in orthopaedics and categorizes these systems according to the image modalities that are used for the visualization of surgical action. Medical images used to be an essential part of surgical education and documentation as well as diagnosis and operation planning over many years. With the recent introduction of navigation techniques in orthopaedic surgery, a new field of application has been opened. Today surgical navigation systems - also known as image-guided surgery systems - are available for various applications in orthopaedic surgery. They visualize the position and orientation of surgical instruments as graphical overlays onto a medical image of the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. Preoperative image data such as computed tomography scans or intra operatively generated images (for example, ultrasonic, endoscopic or fluoroscopic images) are suitable for this purpose. A new category of medical images termed 'surgeon-defined anatomy' has been developed that exclusively relies upon the usage of navigation technology. Points on the anatomy are digitized interactively by the surgeon and are used to build up an abstract geometrical model of the bony structures to be operated on. This technique may be used when no other image data is available or appropriate for a given application", "keyphrases": ["orthopaedic surgical navigation", "medical image modalities", "surgical action visualization", "medical image processing", "surgical education", "image-guided surgery systems", "surgical instruments", "graphical overlays", "computer monitor", "computed tomography scans", "intra operatively generated images", "surgeon-defined anatomy", "abstract geometrical model", "bony structures", "image registration"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "M"]}
+{"id": "2005", "title": "State-of-the-art in orthopaedic surgical navigation with a focus on medical image modalities", "abstract": "This paper presents a review of surgical navigation systems in orthopaedics and categorizes these systems according to the image modalities that are used for the visualization of surgical action. Medical images used to be an essential part of surgical education and documentation as well as diagnosis and operation planning over many years. With the recent introduction of navigation techniques in orthopaedic surgery, a new field of application has been opened. Today surgical navigation systems - also known as image-guided surgery systems - are available for various applications in orthopaedic surgery. They visualize the position and orientation of surgical instruments as graphical overlays onto a medical image of the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. Preoperative image data such as computed tomography scans or intra operatively generated images (for example, ultrasonic, endoscopic or fluoroscopic images) are suitable for this purpose. A new category of medical images termed 'surgeon-defined anatomy' has been developed that exclusively relies upon the usage of navigation technology. Points on the anatomy are digitized interactively by the surgeon and are used to build up an abstract geometrical model of the bony structures to be operated on. This technique may be used when no other image data is available or appropriate for a given application", "keyphrases": ["orthopaedic surgical navigation", "medical image modalities", "surgical action visualization", "medical image processing", "surgical education", "image-guided surgery systems", "surgical instruments", "graphical overlays", "computer monitor", "computed tomography scans", "intra operatively generated images", "surgeon-defined anatomy", "abstract geometrical model", "bony structures", "image registration"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M"]}
 {"id": "2040", "title": "Inverse problems for a mathematical model of ion exchange in a compressible ion exchanger", "abstract": "A mathematical model of ion exchange is considered, allowing for ion exchanger compression in the process of ion exchange. Two inverse problems are investigated for this model, unique solvability is proved, and numerical solution methods are proposed. The efficiency of the proposed methods is demonstrated by a numerical experiment", "keyphrases": ["inverse problems", "mathematical model", "ion exchange", "compressible ion exchanger", "ion exchanger compression", "unique solvability", "numerical solution methods"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1994", "title": "A comparison of computational color constancy Algorithms. II. Experiments with image data", "abstract": "For pt.I see ibid., vol. 11, no.9, p.972-84 (2002). We test a number of the leading computational color constancy algorithms using a comprehensive set of images. These were of 33 different scenes under 11 different sources representative of common illumination conditions. The algorithms studied include two gray world methods, a version of the Retinex method, several variants of Forsyth's (1990) gamut-mapping method, Cardei et al.'s (2000) neural net method, and Finlayson et al.'s color by correlation method (Finlayson et al. 1997, 2001; Hubel and Finlayson 2000). We discuss a number of issues in applying color constancy ideas to image data, and study in depth the effect of different preprocessing strategies. We compare the performance of the algorithms on image data with their performance on synthesized data. All data used for this study are available online at http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data, and implementations for most of the algorithms are also available (http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code). Experiments with synthesized data (part one of this paper) suggested that the methods which emphasize the use of the input data statistics, specifically color by correlation and the neural net algorithm, are potentially the most effective at estimating the chromaticity of the scene illuminant. Unfortunately, we were unable to realize comparable performance on real images. Here exploiting pixel intensity proved to be more beneficial than exploiting the details of image chromaticity statistics, and the three-dimensional (3-D) gamut-mapping algorithms gave the best performance", "keyphrases": ["computational color constancy algorithms", "images", "image data", "illumination conditions", "gray world methods", "Retinex method", "gamut-mapping method", "neural net method", "color by correlation method", "preprocessing strategies", "synthesized data", "input data statistics", "chromaticity", "scene illuminant", "pixel intensity"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2118", "title": "Solutions for cooperative games", "abstract": "A new concept of the characteristic function is defined. It matches cooperative games far better than the classical characteristic function and is useful in reducing the number of decisions that can be used as the unique solution of a game", "keyphrases": ["cooperative games", "characteristic function", "decisions", "unique solution", "transferrable utility"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "U"]}
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 {"id": "277", "title": "Improving the predicting power of partial order based QSARs through linear extensions", "abstract": "Partial order theory (POT) is an attractive and operationally simple method that allows ordering of compounds, based on selected structural and/or electronic descriptors (modeled order), or based on their end points, e.g., solubility (experimental order). If the modeled order resembles the experimental order, compounds that are not experimentally investigated can be assigned a position in the model that eventually might lead to a prediction of an end-point value. However, in the application of POT in quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling, only the compounds directly comparable to the noninvestigated compounds are applied. To explore the possibilities of improving the methodology, the theory is extended by application of the so-called linear extensions of the model order. The study show that partial ordering combined with linear extensions appears as a promising tool providing probability distribution curves in the range of possible end-point values for compounds not being experimentally investigated", "keyphrases": ["quantitative structure-activity relationships", "partial order theory", "predicting power improvement", "linear extensions", "structural descriptors", "electronic descriptors", "modeled order", "end points", "graphical representation", "combinatorial rule", "most probable linear order", "partially ordered set", "Hasse diagram", "solubilities", "organic compounds"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "U", "U", "M", "M", "U", "P", "M"]}
 {"id": "2185", "title": "In search of a general enterprise model", "abstract": "Many organisations, particularly SMEs, are reluctant to invest time and money in models to support decision making. Such reluctance could be overcome if a model could be used for several purposes rather than using a traditional \"single perspective\" model. This requires the development of a \"general enterprise model\" (GEM), which can be applied to a wide range of problem domains with unlimited scope. Current enterprise modelling frameworks only deal effectively with nondynamic modelling issues whilst dynamic modelling issues have traditionally only been addressed at the operational level. Although the majority of research in this area relates to manufacturing companies, the framework for a GEM must be equally applicable to service and public sector organisations. The paper identifies five key design issues that need to be considered when constructing a GEM. A framework for such a GEM is presented based on a \"plug and play\" methodology and demonstrated by a simple case study", "keyphrases": ["general enterprise model", "business process re-engineering", "SMEs", "decision making", "single perspective model", "GEM", "problem domains", "enterprise modelling frameworks", "operational level", "dynamic modelling issues", "public sector organisations", "service sector organisations", "plug and play methodology", "case study"], "prmu": ["P", "U", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "232", "title": "Library services today and tomorrow: lessons from iLumina, a digital library for creating and sharing teaching resources", "abstract": "This article is based on the emerging experience associated with a digital library of instructional resources, iLumina, in which the contributors of resources and the users of those resources are the same-an open community of instructors in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. Moreover, it is not the resources, most of which will be distributed across the Internet, but metadata about the resources that is the focus of the central iLumina repository and its support services for resource contributors and users. The distributed iLumina library is a community-sharing library for repurposing and adding value to potentially useful, mostly non-commercial instructional resources that are typically more granular in nature than commercially developed course materials. The experience of developing iLumina is raising a range of issues that have nothing to do with the place and time characteristics of the instructional context in which iLumina instructional resources are created or used. The issues instead have their locus in the democratization of both the professional roles of librarians and the quality assurance mechanisms associated with traditional peer review", "keyphrases": ["iLumina", "digital library", "teaching resource sharing", "Internet", "metadata", "information resources", "community-sharing library", "professional roles", "academic library", "librarians", "quality assurance", "peer review", "library automation", "standards", "interoperability", "reusable software", "distributed systems", "user issues"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "M", "U", "U", "U", "M", "R"]}
-{"id": "2178", "title": "Medicine in the 21 st century: global problems, global solutions", "abstract": "The objectives are to discuss application areas of information, technology in medicine and health care on the occasion of the opening of the Private Universitat fur Medizinische Informatik and Technik Tirol/University for Health Informatics and Technology Tyrol (LIMIT) at Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. Important application areas of information technology in medicine and health are appropriate individual access to medical knowledge, new engineering developments such as new radiant imaging methods and the implantable pacemaker/defibrillator devices, mathematical modeling for understanding the workings of the human body, the computer-based patient record, as well as new knowledge in molecular biology, human genetics, and biotechnology. Challenges and responsibilities for medical informatics research include medical data privacy and intellectual property rights inherent in the content of the information systems", "keyphrases": ["health care", "medicine", "information technology", "individual medical knowledge access", "engineering developments", "radiant imaging methods", "implantable pacemaker devices", "implantable defibrillator devices", "mathematical modeling", "human body", "computer-based patient record", "molecular biology", "human genetics", "biotechnology", "medical informatics research", "medical data privacy", "intellectual property rights", "information systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "M", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
+{"id": "2178", "title": "Medicine in the 21 st century: global problems, global solutions", "abstract": "The objectives are to discuss application areas of information, technology in medicine and health care on the occasion of the opening of the Private Universitat fur Medizinische Informatik and Technik Tirol/University for Health Informatics and Technology Tyrol (LIMIT) at Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. Important application areas of information technology in medicine and health are appropriate individual access to medical knowledge, new engineering developments such as new radiant imaging methods and the implantable pacemaker/defibrillator devices, mathematical modeling for understanding the workings of the human body, the computer-based patient record, as well as new knowledge in molecular biology, human genetics, and biotechnology. Challenges and responsibilities for medical informatics research include medical data privacy and intellectual property rights inherent in the content of the information systems", "keyphrases": ["health care", "medicine", "information technology", "individual medical knowledge access", "engineering developments", "radiant imaging methods", "implantable pacemaker devices", "implantable defibrillator devices", "mathematical modeling", "human body", "computer-based patient record", "molecular biology", "human genetics", "biotechnology", "medical informatics research", "medical data privacy", "intellectual property rights", "information systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "24", "title": "Fuzzy modeling based on generalized conjunction operations", "abstract": "An approach to fuzzy modeling based on the tuning of parametric conjunction operations is proposed. First, some methods for the construction of parametric generalized conjunction operations simpler than the known parametric classes of conjunctions are considered and discussed. Second, several examples of function approximation by fuzzy models, based on the tuning of the parameters of the new conjunction operations, are given and their approximation performances are compared with the approaches based on a tuning of membership functions and other approaches proposed in the literature. It is seen that the tuning of the conjunction operations can be used for obtaining fuzzy models with a sufficiently good performance when the tuning of membership functions is not possible or not desirable", "keyphrases": ["fuzzy modeling", "generalized conjunction operations", "function approximation", "tuning", "approximation performances", "membership functions", "t-norm", "fuzzy inference systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "M"]}
 {"id": "2065", "title": "Emotion and self-control", "abstract": "A biology-based model of choice is used to examine time-inconsistent preferences and the problem of self-control. Emotion is shown to be the biological substrate of choice, in that emotional systems assign value to 'goods' in the environment and also facilitate the learning of expectations regarding alternative options for acquiring those goods. A third major function of the emotional choice systems is motivation. Self-control is shown to be the result of a problem with the inhibition of the motive force of emotion, where this inhibition is necessary for higher level deliberation", "keyphrases": ["choice model", "inhibition", "learning", "time-inconsistent preferences", "self-control", "emotional choice systems", "emotion"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2020", "title": "Restoration of broadband imagery steered with a liquid-crystal optical phased array", "abstract": "In many imaging applications, it is highly desirable to replace mechanical beam-steering components (i.e., mirrors and gimbals) with a nonmechanical device. One such device is a nematic liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). An LCOPA can implement a blazed phase grating to steer the incident light. However, when a phase grating is used in a broadband imaging system, two adverse effects can occur. First, dispersion will cause different incident wavelengths arriving at the same angle to be steered to different output angles, causing chromatic aberrations in the image plane. Second, the device will steer energy not only to the first diffraction order, but to others as well. This multiple-order effect results in multiple copies of the scene appearing in the image plane. We describe a digital image restoration technique designed to overcome these degradations. The proposed postprocessing technique is based on a Wiener deconvolution filter. The technique, however, is applicable only to scenes containing objects with approximately constant reflectivities over the spectral region of interest. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique", "keyphrases": ["broadband imagery", "liquid-crystal optical phased array steering", "imaging applications", "mechanical beam-steering components", "mirrors", "gimbals", "nonmechanical device", "nematic liquid crystal optical phased array", "blazed phase grating", "incident light steering", "broadband imaging system", "dispersion", "incident wavelengths", "output angles", "chromatic aberrations", "image plane", "optical phased array", "first diffraction order", "multiple-order effect", "halogen lamp", "multiple copies", "digital image restoration technique", "postprocessing technique", "Wiener deconvolution filter", "approximately constant reflectivities", "spectral region of interest"], "prmu": ["P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 {"id": "2187", "title": "Variable structure intelligent control for PM synchronous servo motor drive", "abstract": "The variable structure control (VSC) of discrete time systems based on intelligent control is presented in this paper. A novel approach is proposed for the state estimation. A linear observer is firstly designed. Then a neural network is used for compensating uncertainty. The parameter of the VSC scheme is adjusted online by a neural network. Practical operating results from a PM synchronous motor (PMSM) illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed approach", "keyphrases": ["PM synchronous servo motor drive", "variable structure intelligent control", "control design", "discrete time systems", "state estimation", "linear observer", "neural network", "uncertainty compensation", "control performance"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "M"]}
 {"id": "230", "title": "2002 in-house fulfillment systems report [publishing]", "abstract": "CM's 13th annual survey of in-house fulfillment system suppliers brings you up to date on the current capabilities of the leading publication software packages", "keyphrases": ["survey", "in-house fulfillment system", "suppliers", "publication software packages"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "368", "title": "From a biological to a computational model for the autonomous behavior of an animat", "abstract": "Endowing an autonomous system like a robot with intelligent behavior is difficult for several reasons. First, behavior is such a wide topic that a general framework paradigm of inspiration must be chosen in order to obtain a consistent model. Such a framework can be, for example, biological modeling or an artificial intelligence approach. Second, a general framework is not sufficient to determine a fully specified program to be implemented in a robot. Many choices, tuning and tests must be carried out before obtaining a robust system. A biological model is presented, based on the definition of cortex-like automata, representing elementary functions in the perceptive, motor or associative domain. These automata are connected in a network whose architecture, functioning and learning rules are described in a cortical framework. Second, the computational model derived from that biological model is specified. The way units exchange and compute variables through links is explained, with reference to corresponding biological elements. It is then easier to report experiments allowing an autonomous system to learn regularities of a simple environment and to exploit them to satisfy some internal drives. Even if additional biological hints can be added, this model allow us to better understand how a biological model can be implemented and how biological properties can emerge from a distributed set of units", "keyphrases": ["autonomous system", "robot", "autonomous behavior", "intelligent behavior", "animat", "tuning", "tests", "robust system", "biological model", "cortex-like automata", "elementary functions", "perceptive domain", "associative domain", "motor domain", "learning rules", "architecture", "computational model", "variable computation", "variable exchange", "links", "regularity learning", "simple environment", "internal drives"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P", "R", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "400", "title": "A 120-mW 3-D rendering engine with 6-Mb embedded DRAM and 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus for PDA chip", "abstract": "A low-power three-dimensional (3-D) rendering engine is implemented as part of a mobile personal digital assistant (PDA) chip. Six-megabit embedded DRAM macros attached to 8-pixel-parallel rendering logic are logically localized with a 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus, reducing the area by 25% compared with conventional local frame-buffer architectures. The low power consumption is achieved by polygon-dependent access to the embedded DRAM macros with line-block mapping providing read-modify-write data transaction. The 3-D rendering engine with 2.22-Mpolygons/s drawing speed was fabricated using 0.18- mu m CMOS embedded memory logic technology. Its area is 24 mm/sup 2/ and its power consumption is 120 mW", "keyphrases": ["low-power 3D rendering engine", "three-dimensional rendering engine", "mobile PDA chip", "mobile personal digital assistant chip", "embedded DRAM macros", "8-pixel-parallel rendering logic", "reconfigurable bus", "low power consumption", "polygon-dependent access", "line-block mapping", "read-modify-write data transaction", "CMOS embedded memory logic technology", "3D graphics rendering", "120 mW", "6 Mbit", "3.2 GB/s", "0.18 micron"], "prmu": ["M", "R", "R", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "U", "U", "U"]}
+{"id": "400", "title": "A 120-mW 3-D rendering engine with 6-Mb embedded DRAM and 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus for PDA chip", "abstract": "A low-power three-dimensional (3-D) rendering engine is implemented as part of a mobile personal digital assistant (PDA) chip. Six-megabit embedded DRAM macros attached to 8-pixel-parallel rendering logic are logically localized with a 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus, reducing the area by 25% compared with conventional local frame-buffer architectures. The low power consumption is achieved by polygon-dependent access to the embedded DRAM macros with line-block mapping providing read-modify-write data transaction. The 3-D rendering engine with 2.22-Mpolygons/s drawing speed was fabricated using 0.18- mu m CMOS embedded memory logic technology. Its area is 24 mm/sup 2/ and its power consumption is 120 mW", "keyphrases": ["low-power 3D rendering engine", "three-dimensional rendering engine", "mobile PDA chip", "mobile personal digital assistant chip", "embedded DRAM macros", "8-pixel-parallel rendering logic", "reconfigurable bus", "low power consumption", "polygon-dependent access", "line-block mapping", "read-modify-write data transaction", "CMOS embedded memory logic technology", "3D graphics rendering", "120 mW", "6 Mbit", "3.2 GB/s", "0.18 micron"], "prmu": ["M", "R", "R", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "U", "M", "U"]}
 {"id": "2067", "title": "A comparison of the discounted utility model and hyperbolic discounting models in the case of social and private intertemporal preferences for health", "abstract": "Whilst there is substantial evidence that hyperbolic discounting models describe intertemporal preferences for monetary outcomes better than the discounted utility (DU) model, there is only very limited evidence in the context of health outcomes. This study elicits private and social intertemporal preferences for non-fatal changes in health. Specific functional forms of the DU model and three hyperbolic models are fitted. The results show that the stationarity axiom is violated, and that the hyperbolic models fit the data better than the DU model. Intertemporal preferences for private and social decisions are found to be very similar", "keyphrases": ["discounted utility model", "hyperbolic discounting models", "intertemporal preferences", "health outcomes", "private decisions", "social decisions"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "2022", "title": "Two-step integral imaging for orthoscopic three-dimensional imaging with improved viewing resolution", "abstract": "We present a two-step integral imaging system to obtain 3-D orthoscopic real images. By adopting a nonstationary micro-optics technique, we demonstrate experimentally the potential usefulness of two-step integral imaging", "keyphrases": ["two-step integral imaging", "resolution improved viewing", "two-step integral imaging system", "3-D orthoscopic real images", "nonstationary micro-optics technique", "3-D image reconstruction", "liquid crystal light valve", "display device", "LCLV", "pickup lenslet array"], "prmu": ["P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "U", "U", "U", "U"]}
 {"id": "395", "title": "Conformal-mapping design tools for coaxial couplers with complex cross section", "abstract": "Numerical conformal mapping is exploited as a simple, accurate, and efficient tool for the analysis and design of coaxial waveguides and couplers of complex cross section. An implementation based on the Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox, a public-domain MATLAB package, is applied to slotted coaxial cables and to symmetrical coaxial couplers, with circular or polygonal inner conductors and external shields. The effect of metallic diaphragms of arbitrary thickness, partially separating the inner conductors, is also easily taken into account. The proposed technique is validated against the results of the finite-element method, showing excellent agreement at a fraction of the computational cost, and is also extended to the case of nonsymmetrical couplers, providing the designer with important additional degrees of freedom", "keyphrases": ["conformal mapping design tools", "coaxial couplers", "complex cross section", "coaxial waveguides", "Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox", "public-domain MATLAB package", "slotted coaxial cables", "symmetrical couplers", "circular inner conductors", "polygonal inner conductors", "external shields", "metallic diaphragms", "nonsymmetrical couplers", "numerical conformal transformations"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M"]}
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 {"id": "2106", "title": "Explanations for the perpetration of and reactions to deception in a virtual community", "abstract": "Cases of identity deception on the Internet are not uncommon. Several cases of a revealed identity deception have been reported in the media. The authors examine a case of deception in an online community composed primarily of information technology professionals. In this case, an established community member (DF) invented a character (Nowheremom) whom he fell in love with and who was eventually killed in a tragic accident. When other members of the community eventually began to question Nowheremom's actual identity, DF admitted that he invented her. The discussion board was flooded with reactions to DF's revelation. The authors propose several explanations for the perpetration of identity deception, including psychiatric illness, identity play, and expressions of true self. They also analyze the reactions of community members and propose three related explanations (social identity, deviance, and norm violation) to account for their reactions. It is argued that virtual communities' reactions to such threatening events provide invaluable clues for the study of group processes on the Internet", "keyphrases": ["virtual community", "identity deception", "Internet", "online community", "information technology professionals", "psychiatric illness", "group processes", "social processes", "Web sites", "psychology", "bulletin boards"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "U", "U", "M"]}
 {"id": "2143", "title": "Quantum computing with solids", "abstract": "Science and technology could be revolutionized by quantum computers, but building them from solid-state devices will not be easy. The author outlines the challenges in scaling up the technology from lab experiments to practical devices", "keyphrases": ["quantum computers", "solid-state devices"], "prmu": ["P", "P"]}
 {"id": "209", "title": "Information interaction: providing a framework for information architecture", "abstract": "Information interaction is the process that people use in interacting with the content of an information system. Information architecture is a blueprint and navigational aid to the content of information-rich systems. As such information architecture performs an important supporting role in information interactivity. This article elaborates on a model of information interactivity that crosses the \"no-man's land\" between user and computer articulating a model that includes user, content and system, illustrating the context for information architecture", "keyphrases": ["information interaction", "navigational aid", "information-rich systems", "information interactivity"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "1932", "title": "Solution of the safe problem on (0,1)-matrices", "abstract": "A safe problem with mn locks is studied. It is reduced to a system of linear equations in the modulo 2 residue class. There are three possible variants defined by the numbers m and n evenness, with only one of them having a solution. In two other cases, correction of the initial state of the safe insuring a solution is proposed", "keyphrases": ["safe problem", "mn locks", "linear equations", "modulo 2 residue class", "(0", "1)-matrices", "computer games", "linear Diophantine equations"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "M", "U", "M"]}
+{"id": "1932", "title": "Solution of the safe problem on (0,1)-matrices", "abstract": "A safe problem with mn locks is studied. It is reduced to a system of linear equations in the modulo 2 residue class. There are three possible variants defined by the numbers m and n evenness, with only one of them having a solution. In two other cases, correction of the initial state of the safe insuring a solution is proposed", "keyphrases": ["safe problem", "mn locks", "linear equations", "modulo 2 residue class", "(0,1)-matrices", "computer games", "linear Diophantine equations"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "M"]}
 {"id": "1977", "title": "Tracking nonparameterized object contours in video", "abstract": "We propose a new method for contour tracking in video. The inverted distance transform of the edge map is used as an edge indicator function for contour detection. Using the concept of topographical distance, the watershed segmentation can be formulated as a minimization. This new viewpoint gives a way to combine the results of the watershed algorithm on different surfaces. In particular, our algorithm determines the contour as a combination of the current edge map and the contour, predicted from the tracking result in the previous frame. We also show that the problem of background clutter can be relaxed by taking the object motion into account. The compensation with object motion allows to detect and remove spurious edges in background. The experimental results confirm the expected advantages of the proposed method over the existing approaches", "keyphrases": ["contour tracking", "nonparameterized object contours", "edge indicator function", "topographical distance", "watershed segmentation", "minimization", "background clutter", "object motion", "motion analysis", "video", "inverted distance transform", "edge map", "motion estimation", "edge detection"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "M", "R"]}
 {"id": "314", "title": "Information architecture in JASIST: just where did we come from?", "abstract": "The emergence of Information Architecture within the information systems world has been simultaneously drawn out yet rapid. Those with an eye on history are quick to point to Wurman's 1976 use of the term \"architecture of information,\" but it has only been in the last 2 years that IA has become the source of sufficient interest for people to label themselves professionally as Information Architects. The impetus for this recent emergence of IA can be traced to a historical summit, supported by ASIS&T in May 2000 at Boston. It was here that several hundred of us gathered to thrash out the questions of just what IA was and what this new field might become. At the time of the summit, invited to present a short talk on my return journey from the annual ACM SIGCHI conference, I entered the summit expecting little and convinced that IA was nothing new. I left 2 days later refreshed, not just by the enthusiasm of the attendees for this term but by IA's potential to unify the disparate perspectives and orientations of professionals from a range of disciplines. It was at this summit that the idea for the special issue took root. I proposed the idea to Don Kraft, hoping he would find someone else to run with it. AS luck would have it, I ended up taking charge of it myself, with initial support from David Blair. From the suggestion to the finished product-has been the best part of 2 years, and in that time more than 50 volunteers reviewed over 20 submissions", "keyphrases": ["information architecture", "information systems", "metadata fields", "controlled vocabularies", "Web sites", "CD-ROM", "qualified information architect"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "M", "U", "U", "U", "M"]}
 {"id": "351", "title": "Optimal online algorithm for scheduling on two identical machines with machine availability constraints", "abstract": "This paper considers the online scheduling on two identical machines with machine availability constraints for minimizing makespan. We assume that machine M/sub j/ is unavailable during period from s/sub j/ to t/sub j/ (0 <or= s/sub j/ < t/sub j/), j = 1, 2, and the unavailable periods of two machines do not overlap. We show that the competitive ratio of list scheduling is 3. We further give an optimal algorithm with a competitive ratio 5/2", "keyphrases": ["optimal online algorithm", "makespan minimisation", "list scheduling", "identical machines scheduling", "machine availability constraints"], "prmu": ["P", "M", "P", "R", "P"]}
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
 {"id": "297", "title": "The service side of systems librarianship", "abstract": "Describes the role of a systems librarian at a small academic library. Although online catalogs and the Internet are making library accessibility more convenient, the need for library buildings and professionals has not diminished. Typical duties of a systems librarian and the effects of new technology on librarianship are discussed. Services provided to other constituencies on campus and the blurring relationship between the library and computer services are also presented", "keyphrases": ["systems librarianship", "service side", "small academic library", "online catalogs", "Internet"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2165", "title": "Naomi Campbell: drugs, distress and the Data Protection Act", "abstract": "In the first case of its kind, Naomi Campbell successfully sued Mirror Group Newspapers for damage and distress caused by breach of the Data Protection Act 1998. Partner N. Wildish and assistant M. Turle of City law firm Field Fisher Waterhouse discuss the case and the legal implications of which online publishers should be aware", "keyphrases": ["drugs", "distress", "Data Protection Act", "Naomi Campbell", "online publishers"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2198", "title": "Reconfigurable context-sensitive middleware for pervasive computing", "abstract": "Context-sensitive applications need data from sensors, devices, and user actions, and might need ad hoc communication support to dynamically discover new devices and engage in spontaneous information exchange. Reconfigurable Context-Sensitive Middleware facilitates the development and runtime operations of context-sensitive pervasive computing software", "keyphrases": ["pervasive computing", "Reconfigurable Context-Sensitive Middleware", "context-sensitive pervasive computing", "middleware", "context-sensitive applications"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "1951", "title": "Recording quantum properties of light in a long-lived atomic spin state: towards quantum memory", "abstract": "We report an experiment on mapping a quantum state of light onto the ground state spin of an ensemble of Cs atoms with the lifetime of 2 ms. Recording of one of the two quadrature phase operators of light is demonstrated with vacuum and squeezed states of light. The sensitivity of the mapping procedure at the level of approximately 1 photon/sec per Hz is shown. The results pave the road towards complete (storing both quadrature phase observables) quantum memory for Gaussian states of light. The experiment also sheds new light on fundamental limits of sensitivity of the magneto-optical resonance method", "keyphrases": ["light quantum properties recording", "long-lived atomic spin state", "quantum memory", "ground state spin", "ensemble", "two quadrature phase operators", "vacuum states", "squeezed states", "mapping procedure", "magnetooptical resonance method", "2 ms", "Cs"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "M", "M", "P"]}
+{"id": "1951", "title": "Recording quantum properties of light in a long-lived atomic spin state: towards quantum memory", "abstract": "We report an experiment on mapping a quantum state of light onto the ground state spin of an ensemble of Cs atoms with the lifetime of 2 ms. Recording of one of the two quadrature phase operators of light is demonstrated with vacuum and squeezed states of light. The sensitivity of the mapping procedure at the level of approximately 1 photon/sec per Hz is shown. The results pave the road towards complete (storing both quadrature phase observables) quantum memory for Gaussian states of light. The experiment also sheds new light on fundamental limits of sensitivity of the magneto-optical resonance method", "keyphrases": ["light quantum properties recording", "long-lived atomic spin state", "quantum memory", "ground state spin", "ensemble", "two quadrature phase operators", "vacuum states", "squeezed states", "mapping procedure", "magnetooptical resonance method", "2 ms", "Cs"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "196", "title": "On the emergence of rules in neural networks", "abstract": "A simple associationist neural network learns to factor abstract rules (i.e., grammars) from sequences of arbitrary input symbols by inventing abstract representations that accommodate unseen symbol sets as well as unseen but similar grammars. The neural network is shown to have the ability to transfer grammatical knowledge to both new symbol vocabularies and new grammars. Analysis of the state-space shows that the network learns generalized abstract structures of the input and is not simply memorizing the input strings. These representations are context sensitive, hierarchical, and based on the state variable of the finite-state machines that the neural network has learned. Generalization to new symbol sets or grammars arises from the spatial nature of the internal representations used by the network, allowing new symbol sets to be encoded close to symbol sets that have already been learned in the hidden unit space of the network. The results are counter to the arguments that learning algorithms based on weight adaptation after each exemplar presentation (such as the long term potentiation found in the mammalian nervous system) cannot in principle extract symbolic knowledge from positive examples as prescribed by prevailing human linguistic theory and evolutionary psychology", "keyphrases": ["associationist neural network", "learns", "abstract rules", "neural network", "state-space", "symbolic knowledge", "cognitive neurosciences", "associationist learning"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "R"]}
 {"id": "2085", "title": "An intelligent fuzzy decision system for a flexible manufacturing system with multi-decision points", "abstract": "This paper describes an intelligent fuzzy decision support system for real-time scheduling and dispatching of parts in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS), with alternative routing possibilities for all parts. A fuzzy logic approach is developed to improve the system performance by considering multiple performance measures and at multiple decision points. The characteristics of the system status, instead of parts, are fed back to assign priority to the parts waiting to be processed. A simulation model is developed and it is shown that the proposed intelligent fuzzy decision support system keeps all performance measures at a good level. The proposed intelligent system is a promising tool for dealing with scheduling FMSs, in contrast to traditional rules", "keyphrases": ["flexible manufacturing system", "FMS", "fuzzy logic", "multiple decision points", "intelligent decision support system", "real-time system", "scheduling", "simulation"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "332", "title": "Fitting mixed-effects models for repeated ordinal outcomes with the NLMIXED procedure", "abstract": "This paper presents an analysis of repeated ordinal outcomes arising from two psychological studies. The first case is a repeated measures analysis of variance; the second is a mixed-effects regression. in a longitudinal design. In both, the subject-specific variation is modeled by including random effects in the linear predictor (inside a link function) of a generalized linear model. The NLMIXED procedure in SAS is used to fit the mixed-effects models for the categorical response data. The presentation emphasizes the parallel between the model. specifications and the SAS statements. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate the use of mixed-effects models in the analysis of repeated ordinal outcomes", "keyphrases": ["repeated ordinal outcomes", "psychological studies", "repeated measures analysis of variance", "mixed-effects regression", "longitudinal design", "subject-specific variation modeling", "random effects", "linear predictor", "generalized linear model", "NLMIXED procedure", "mixed-effects model fitting", "categorical response data", "model specifications"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "R"]}
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
 {"id": "2170", "title": "Evolution of litigation support systems", "abstract": "For original paper see ibid., vol. 12, no. 6: \"The E-mail of the Species\". The author responds to that paper and argues that printing, scanning and imaging E-mails or other electronic (rather than paper) documents prior to listing and disclosure seems to be unnecessary, not 'proportionate' (from a costs point of view) and not particularly helpful, to either side. He asks how litigation support systems might evolve to help and support the legal team in their task", "keyphrases": ["litigation support systems", "E-mail", "legal team"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2135", "title": "A new approach to the problem of structural identification. II", "abstract": "The subject under discussion is a new approach to the problem of structural identification, which relies on the recognition of a decisive role of the human factor in the process of structural identification. Potential possibilities of the suggested approach are illustrated by the statement of a new mathematical problem of structural identification", "keyphrases": ["structural identification", "human factor", "mathematical equations", "decision-maker"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "M", "U"]}
 {"id": "282", "title": "Recommendations for implementing Internet inquiry projects", "abstract": "The purpose of the study presented was to provide recommendations to teachers who are interested in implementing Internet inquiry projects. Four classes of ninth- and tenth-grade honors students (N = 100) participated in an Internet inquiry project in which they were presented with an ecology question that required them to make a decision based on information that they gathered, analyzed, and synthesized from the Internet and their textbook. Students then composed papers with a rationale for their decision. Students in one group had access to pre-selected relevant Web sites, access to the entire Internet, and were provided with less online support. Students in the other group had access to only pre-selected relevant Web sites, but were provided with more online support. Two of the most important recommendations were: 1) to provide students with more online support; and 2) to provide students with pre-selected relevant Web sites and allow them to search the Internet for information", "keyphrases": ["Internet inquiry projects", "teachers", "honors students", "ecology question", "pre-selected relevant Web sites", "online support"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "1944", "title": "A framework of electronic tendering for government procurement: a lesson learned in Taiwan", "abstract": "To render government procurement efficient, transparent, nondiscriminating, and accountable, an electronic government procurement system is required. Accordingly, Taiwan government procurement law (TGPL) states that suppliers may employ electronic devices to forward a tender. This investigation demonstrates how the electronic government procurement system functions and reengineers internal procurement processes, which in turn benefits both government bodies and vendors. The system features explored herein include posting/receiving bids via the Internet, vendor registration, certificate authorization, contract development tools, bid/request for proposal (RFP) development, online bidding, and online payment, all of which can be integrated easily within most existing information infrastructures", "keyphrases": ["electronic tendering", "electronic government procurement system", "Taiwan government procurement law", "reengineering", "internal procurement processes", "Internet bids", "vendor registration", "certificate authorization", "contract development tools", "request for proposal development", "RFP development", "online bidding", "online payment", "certification authority", "payment gateway", "public key infrastructure"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "M"]}
+{"id": "1944", "title": "A framework of electronic tendering for government procurement: a lesson learned in Taiwan", "abstract": "To render government procurement efficient, transparent, nondiscriminating, and accountable, an electronic government procurement system is required. Accordingly, Taiwan government procurement law (TGPL) states that suppliers may employ electronic devices to forward a tender. This investigation demonstrates how the electronic government procurement system functions and reengineers internal procurement processes, which in turn benefits both government bodies and vendors. The system features explored herein include posting/receiving bids via the Internet, vendor registration, certificate authorization, contract development tools, bid/request for proposal (RFP) development, online bidding, and online payment, all of which can be integrated easily within most existing information infrastructures", "keyphrases": ["electronic tendering", "electronic government procurement system", "Taiwan government procurement law", "reengineering", "internal procurement processes", "Internet bids", "vendor registration", "certificate authorization", "contract development tools", "request for proposal development", "RFP development", "online bidding", "online payment", "certification authority", "payment gateway", "public key infrastructure"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "M"]}
 {"id": "207", "title": "Information architecture for bilingual Web sites", "abstract": "Creating an information architecture for a bilingual Web site presents particular challenges beyond those that exist for single and multilanguage sites. This article reports work in progress on the development of a content-based bilingual Web site to facilitate the sharing of resources and information between Speech and Language Therapists. The development of the information architecture is based on a combination of two aspects: an abstract structural analysis of existing bilingual Web designs focusing on the presentation of bilingual material, and a bilingual card-sorting activity conducted with potential users. Issues for bilingual developments are discussed, and some observations are made regarding the use of card-sorting activities", "keyphrases": ["information architecture", "content-based bilingual Web site", "speech therapists", "language therapists", "bilingual card-sorting activity", "bilingual developments", "World Wide Web"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "M"]}
 {"id": "242", "title": "The California Digital Library and the eScholarship program", "abstract": "The eScholarship program was launched in 2000 to foster faculty-led innovation in scholarly publishing. An initiative of the University of California (UC) and a program of the California Digital Library, the eScholarship program has stimulated significant interest in its short life. Its modest but visible accomplishments garner praise from many quarters, within and beyond the University of California. In perhaps the best indication of its timeliness and momentum, there are more proposals submitted to eScholarship today than the CDL can manage. This early success is due in part to the sheer power of an idea whose time has come, but also to the unique approach on which CDL was founded and the eScholarship initiative was first launched", "keyphrases": ["eScholarship program", "faculty-led innovation", "California Digital Library", "scholarly publishing", "University of California"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1979", "title": "Combining spatial and scale-space techniques for edge detection to provide a spatially adaptive wavelet-based noise filtering algorithm", "abstract": "New methods for detecting edges in an image using spatial and scale-space domains are proposed. A priori knowledge about geometrical characteristics of edges is used to assign a probability factor to the chance of any pixel being on an edge. An improved double thresholding technique is introduced for spatial domain filtering. Probabilities that pixels belong to a given edge are assigned based on pixel similarity across gradient amplitudes, gradient phases and edge connectivity. The scale-space approach uses dynamic range compression to allow wavelet correlation over a wider range of scales. A probabilistic formulation is used to combine the results obtained from filtering in each domain to provide a final edge probability image which has the advantages of both spatial and scale-space domain methods. Decomposing this edge probability image with the same wavelet as the original image permits the generation of adaptive filters that can recognize the characteristics of the edges in all wavelet detail and approximation images regardless of scale. These matched filters permit significant reduction in image noise without contributing to edge distortion. The spatially adaptive wavelet noise-filtering algorithm is qualitatively and quantitatively compared to a frequency domain and two wavelet based noise suppression algorithms using both natural and computer generated noisy images", "keyphrases": ["spatial techniques", "scale-space techniques", "edge detection", "spatially adaptive wavelet-based noise filtering algorithm", "a priori knowledge", "geometrical characteristics", "probability factor", "double thresholding technique", "spatial domain filtering", "pixel similarity", "gradient amplitudes", "gradient phases", "edge connectivity", "dynamic range compression", "wavelet correlation", "probabilistic formulation", "final edge probability image", "adaptive filters", "approximation images", "matched filters", "image noise", "spatially adaptive wavelet noise-filtering algorithm", "noise suppression"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
 {"id": "2169", "title": "E-government", "abstract": "The author provides an introduction to the main issues surrounding E-government modernisation and electronic delivery of all public services by 2005. The author makes it clear that E-government is about transformation, not computers and hints at the special legal issues which may arise", "keyphrases": ["E-government", "modernisation", "electronic delivery", "public services", "legal issues"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2194", "title": "Data management in location-dependent information services", "abstract": "Location-dependent information services have great promise for mobile and pervasive computing environments. They can provide local and nonlocal news, weather, and traffic reports as well as directory services. Before they can be implemented on a large scale, however, several research issues must be addressed", "keyphrases": ["location-dependent information services", "wireless networks", "pervasive computing", "mobile computing", "news", "weather", "traffic reports", "data management", "directory services"], "prmu": ["P", "U", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "223", "title": "Broadcasts keep staff in picture [intranets]", "abstract": "Mark Hawkins, chief operating officer at UK-based streaming media specialist Twofourtv, explains how firms can benefit by linking their corporate intranets to broadcasting technology", "keyphrases": ["corporate intranets", "Twofourtv", "streaming media", "broadcasting technology"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "266", "title": "Pattern recognition strategies for molecular surfaces. I. Pattern generation using fuzzy set theory", "abstract": "A new method for the characterization of molecules based on the model approach of molecular surfaces is presented. We use the topographical properties of the surface as well as the electrostatic potential, the local lipophilicity/hydrophilicity, and the hydrogen bond density on the surface for characterization. The definition and the calculation method for these properties are reviewed. The surface is segmented into overlapping patches with similar molecular properties. These patches can be used to represent the characteristic local features of the molecule in a way that is beyond the atomistic resolution but can nevertheless be applied for the analysis of partial similarities of different molecules as well as for the identification of molecular complementarity in a very general sense. The patch representation can be used for different applications, which will be demonstrated in subsequent articles", "keyphrases": ["pattern recognition strategies", "molecular surfaces", "pattern generation", "fuzzy set theory", "model approach", "topographical properties", "electrostatic potential", "local lipophilicity/hydrophilicity", "hydrogen bond density", "segmented surface", "overlapping patches", "molecular properties", "local features", "atomistic resolution", "partial similarities", "molecular complementarity", "patch representation", "lipophilicity", "hydrophilicity"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "U"]}
+{"id": "266", "title": "Pattern recognition strategies for molecular surfaces. I. Pattern generation using fuzzy set theory", "abstract": "A new method for the characterization of molecules based on the model approach of molecular surfaces is presented. We use the topographical properties of the surface as well as the electrostatic potential, the local lipophilicity/hydrophilicity, and the hydrogen bond density on the surface for characterization. The definition and the calculation method for these properties are reviewed. The surface is segmented into overlapping patches with similar molecular properties. These patches can be used to represent the characteristic local features of the molecule in a way that is beyond the atomistic resolution but can nevertheless be applied for the analysis of partial similarities of different molecules as well as for the identification of molecular complementarity in a very general sense. The patch representation can be used for different applications, which will be demonstrated in subsequent articles", "keyphrases": ["pattern recognition strategies", "molecular surfaces", "pattern generation", "fuzzy set theory", "model approach", "topographical properties", "electrostatic potential", "local lipophilicity/hydrophilicity", "hydrogen bond density", "segmented surface", "overlapping patches", "molecular properties", "local features", "atomistic resolution", "partial similarities", "molecular complementarity", "patch representation", "lipophilicity", "hydrophilicity"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "413", "title": "Effects of white space in learning via the Web", "abstract": "This study measured the effect of specific white space features on learning from instructional Web materials. The study also measured learners' beliefs regarding Web-based instruction. Prior research indicated that small changes in the handling of presentation elements can affect learning. Achievement results from this study indicated that in on-line materials, when content and overall structure are sound, minor differences regarding table borders and vertical spacing in text do not hinder learning. Beliefs regarding Web-based instruction and instructors who use it did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Implications of the study and cautions regarding generalizing from the results are discussed", "keyphrases": ["white space features", "Web-based instruction", "presentation", "online educational materials", "table borders", "text vertical spacing", "Internet"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "R", "U"]}
 {"id": "2089", "title": "World's biggest battery helps to stabilise Alaska", "abstract": "In this paper, the author describes a battery energy storage system which is under construction to provide voltage compensation in support of Alaska's 138 kV Northern Intertie", "keyphrases": ["power system stabilisation", "battery energy storage system", "voltage compensation", "USA", "interconnected power systems", "138 kV", "77 MW"], "prmu": ["M", "P", "P", "U", "M", "P", "U"]}
 {"id": "2031", "title": "Efficient two-level image thresholding method based on Bayesian formulation and the maximum entropy principle", "abstract": "An efficient method for two-level thresholding is proposed based on the Bayes formula and the maximum entropy principle, in which no assumptions of the image histogram are made. An alternative criterion is derived based on maximizing entropy and used for speeding up the searching algorithm. Five forms of conditional probability distributions-simple, linear, parabola concave, parabola convex, and S-function-are employed and compared to each other for optimal threshold determination. The effect of precision on optimal threshold determination is discussed and a trade-off precision epsilon =0.001 is selected experimentally. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in speed from 26 to 57 times faster than the exhaustive search method", "keyphrases": ["two-level image thresholding method", "Bayesian formulation", "maximum entropy principle", "image histogram", "entropy", "searching algorithm", "conditional probability distributions", "parabola concave", "parabola convex", "S-function", "optimal threshold determination", "trade-off precision", "image segmentation", "image thresholding"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "U", "P", "P", "M", "P"]}
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
 {"id": "301", "title": "Academic libraries and community: making the connection", "abstract": "I explore the theme of academic libraries serving and reaching out to the broader community. I highlight interesting projects reported on in the literature (such as the Through Our Parents' Eyes project) and report on others. I look at challenges to community partnerships and recommendations for making them succeed. Although I focus on links with the broader community, I also took at methods for increasing cooperation among various units on campus, so that the needs of campus community groups-such as distance education students or disabled students-are effectively addressed. Though academic libraries are my focus, we can learn a lot from the community building efforts of public libraries", "keyphrases": ["academic libraries", "community partnerships", "campus community groups", "distance education students", "disabled students", "public libraries"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "M", "P", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "2156", "title": "Pane relief. Robotic solutions for car windshield assembly", "abstract": "Just looking through a car's windshield doesn't give us much reason to wonder about how it's made. The idea that special manufacturing expertise might be required can hardly occur to anyone, but that's exactly what is needed to ensure crystal-clear visibility, not to mention a perfect fit every time one is pressed into place on a car production line. Comprising two thin glass sheets joined by a vinyl interlayer, windshields are assembled-usually manually-to very precise product and environmental specifications. To make sure this is done as perfectly as possible, the industry invests heavily in the equipment used for their fabrication. ABB has now developed a robot-based Compact Assembling System for the automatic assembly of laminated windshields that speeds up production and increases cost efficiency", "keyphrases": ["car windshield assembly robots", "manufacturing expertise", "car production line", "Compact Assembling System", "laminated windshields assembly automation", "production", "cost efficiency", "ABB"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2113", "title": "Ideal sliding mode in the problems of convex optimization", "abstract": "The characteristics of the sliding mode that appears with using continuous convex-programming algorithms based on the exact penalty functions were discussed. For the case under study, the ideal sliding mode was shown to occur in the absence of infinite number of switchings", "keyphrases": ["ideal sliding mode", "convex optimization", "continuous convex-programming algorithms", "exact penalty functions"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P"]}
-{"id": "259", "title": "Nuts and bolts: implementing descriptive standards to enable virtual collections", "abstract": "To date, online archival information systems have relied heavily on legacy finding aids for data to encode and provide to end users, despite fairly strong indications in the archival literature that such legacy data is problematic even as a mediated access tool. Archivists have only just begun to study the utility of archival descriptive data for end users in unmediated settings such as via the Web. The ability of future archival information systems to respond to the expectations and needs of end users is inextricably linked to archivists getting their collective data house in order. The General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)) offers the profession a place from which to start extricating ourselves from the idiosyncracies of our legacy data and description practices", "keyphrases": ["descriptive standards", "virtual collections", "online archival information systems", "end users", "archival literature", "legacy data", "mediated access tool", "archivists", "archival descriptive data", "archival information systems", "collective data house", "General International Standard Archival Description", "ISAD", "Online Archive of California", "OAC"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "U"]}
+{"id": "259", "title": "Nuts and bolts: implementing descriptive standards to enable virtual collections", "abstract": "To date, online archival information systems have relied heavily on legacy finding aids for data to encode and provide to end users, despite fairly strong indications in the archival literature that such legacy data is problematic even as a mediated access tool. Archivists have only just begun to study the utility of archival descriptive data for end users in unmediated settings such as via the Web. The ability of future archival information systems to respond to the expectations and needs of end users is inextricably linked to archivists getting their collective data house in order. The General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)) offers the profession a place from which to start extricating ourselves from the idiosyncracies of our legacy data and description practices", "keyphrases": ["descriptive standards", "virtual collections", "online archival information systems", "end users", "archival literature", "legacy data", "mediated access tool", "archivists", "archival descriptive data", "archival information systems", "collective data house", "General International Standard Archival Description", "ISAD", "Online Archive of California", "OAC"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "M", "U"]}
 {"id": "1962", "title": "The Bagsik Oscillator without complex numbers", "abstract": "We argue that the analysis of the so-called Bagsik Oscillator, recently published by Piotrowski and Sladkowski (2001), is erroneous due to: (1) the incorrect banking data used and (2) the application of statistical mechanism apparatus to processes that are totally deterministic", "keyphrases": ["Bagsik oscillator", "noncomplex numbers", "incorrect banking data", "statistical mechanism apparatus", "game theory", "deterministic processes"], "prmu": ["P", "M", "P", "P", "U", "R"]}
 {"id": "2196", "title": "ConChat: a context-aware chat program", "abstract": "ConChat is a context-aware chat program that enriches electronic communication by providing contextual information and resolving potential semantic conflicts between users.ConChat uses contextual information to improve electronic communication. Using contextual cues, users can infer during a conversation what the other person is doing and what is happening in his or her immediate surroundings. For example, if a user learns that the other person is talking with somebody else or is involved in some urgent activity, he or she knows to expect a slower response. Conversely, if the user learns that the other person is sitting in a meeting directly related to the conversation, he or she then knows to respond more quickly. Also, by informing users about the other person's context and tagging potentially ambiguous chat messages, ConChat explores how context can improve electronic communication by reducing semantic conflicts", "keyphrases": ["context-aware chat program", "ConChat", "contextual information", "semantic conflicts", "contextual cues"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "264", "title": "The archival imagination of David Bearman, revisited", "abstract": "Many archivists regard the archival imagination evidenced in the writings of David Bearman as avant-garde. Archivist L. Henry (1998) has sharply criticized Bearman for being irreverent toward the archival theory and practice outlined by classical American archivist T. R. Schellenberg. Although Bearman is sometimes credited (and sometimes berated) for establishing \"a new paradigm\" centered on the archival management of electronic records, his methods and strategies are intended to encompass all forms of record keeping. The article provides general observations on Bearman's archival imagination, lists some of its components, and addresses elements of Henry's critique. Although the long lasting impact of Bearman's imagination upon the archival profession might be questioned, it nonetheless deserves continued consideration by archivists and inclusion as a component of graduate archival education", "keyphrases": ["archival imagination", "David Bearman", "archival theory", "classical American archivist", "Schellenberg", "archival management", "electronic records", "record keeping", "archival profession", "graduate archival education"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
 {"id": "360", "title": "Numerical representation of binary relations with a multiplicative error function", "abstract": "This paper studies the case of the representation of a binary relation via a numerical function with threshold (error) depending on both compared alternatives. The error is considered to be multiplicative, its value being either directly or inversely proportional to the values of the numerical function. For the first case, it is proved that a binary relation is a semiorder. Moreover, any semiorder can be represented in this form. In the second case, the corresponding binary relation is an interval order", "keyphrases": ["numerical representation", "binary relations", "multiplicative error function", "numerical function", "threshold", "error", "semiorder", "interval order"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2092", "title": "Matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck area: Development of method and validation", "abstract": "Positron emission tomography (PET) provides important information on tumor biology, but lacks detailed anatomical information. Our aim in the present study was to develop and validate an automatic registration method for matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck. Three difficulties in achieving this goal are (1) nonrigid motions of the neck can hamper the use of automatic ridged body transformations; (2) emission scans contain too little anatomical information to apply standard image fusion methods; and (3) no objective way exists to quantify the quality of the match results. These problems are solved as follows: accurate and reproducible positioning of the patient was achieved by using a radiotherapy treatment mask. The proposed method makes use of the transmission rather than the emission scan. To obtain sufficient (anatomical) information for matching, two bed positions for the transmission scan were included in the protocol. A mutual information-based algorithm was used as a registration technique. PET and CT data were obtained in seven patients. Each patient had two CT scans and one PET scan. The datasets were used to estimate the consistency by matching PET to CT/sub 1/, CT/sub 1/ to CT/sub 2/, and CT/sub 2/ to PET using the full circle consistency test. It was found that using our method, consistency could be obtained of 4 mm and 1.3 degrees on average. The PET voxels used for registration were 5.15 mm, so the errors compared quite favorably with the voxel size. Cropping the images (removing the scanner bed from images) did not improve the consistency of the algorithm. The transmission scan, however, could potentially be reduced to a single position using this approach. In conclusion, the represented algorithm and validation technique has several features that are attractive from both theoretical and practical point of view, it is a user-independent, automatic validation technique for matching CT and PET scans of the head and neck, which gives the opportunity to compare different image enhancements", "keyphrases": ["positron emission tomography scans", "tumor biology", "anatomical information", "automatic registration method", "computerised tomography scans", "head", "neck", "nonrigid motions", "automatic ridged body transformations", "standard image fusion methods", "radiotherapy treatment mask", "bed positions", "transmission scan", "mutual information-based algorithm", "registration technique", "patients", "full circle consistency test", "errors", "scanner bed", "user-independent automatic validation technique", "image enhancements"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "325", "title": "Open courseware and shared knowledge in higher education", "abstract": "Most college and university campuses in the United States and much of the developed world today maintain one, two, or several learning management systems (LMSs), which are courseware products that provide students and faculty with Web-based tools to manage course-related applications. Since the mid-1990s, two predominant models of Web courseware management systems have emerged: commercial and noncommercial. Some of the commercial products available today were created in academia as noncommercial but have since become commercially encumbered. Other products remain noncommercial but are struggling to survive in a world of fierce commercial competition. This article argues for an ethics of pedagogy in higher education that would be based on the guiding assumptions of the non-proprietary, peer-to-peer, open-source software movement", "keyphrases": ["open courseware", "shared knowledge", "higher education", "learning management systems", "college", "university", "Web courseware management systems", "commercial products", "ethics", "Internet", "open-source software"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "P"]}
-{"id": "1946", "title": "Integrating building management system and facilities management on the Internet", "abstract": "Recently, it is of great interest to adopt the Internet/intranet to develop building management systems (BMS) and facilities management systems (FMS). This paper addresses two technical issues: the Web-based access (including database integration) and the integration of BMS and FMS. These should be addressed for accessing BMS remotely via the Internet, integrating control networks using the Internet protocols and infrastructures, and using Internet/intranet for building facilities management. An experimental Internet-enabled system that integrates building and facilities management systems has been developed and tested. This system integrated open control networks with the Internet and is developed utilizing the embedded Web server, the PC Web server and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) software development technology on the platform of an open control network. Three strategies for interconnecting BMS local networks via Internet/intranet are presented and analyzed", "keyphrases": ["intranet", "building management systems", "BMS", "facilities management systems", "FMS", "Web-based access", "database integration", "Internet protocols", "embedded Web server", "PC Web server", "Distributed Component Object Model", "DCOM", "software development technology", "open control network", "local network interconnection"], "prmu": ["U", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R"]}
+{"id": "1946", "title": "Integrating building management system and facilities management on the Internet", "abstract": "Recently, it is of great interest to adopt the Internet/intranet to develop building management systems (BMS) and facilities management systems (FMS). This paper addresses two technical issues: the Web-based access (including database integration) and the integration of BMS and FMS. These should be addressed for accessing BMS remotely via the Internet, integrating control networks using the Internet protocols and infrastructures, and using Internet/intranet for building facilities management. An experimental Internet-enabled system that integrates building and facilities management systems has been developed and tested. This system integrated open control networks with the Internet and is developed utilizing the embedded Web server, the PC Web server and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) software development technology on the platform of an open control network. Three strategies for interconnecting BMS local networks via Internet/intranet are presented and analyzed", "keyphrases": ["intranet", "building management systems", "BMS", "facilities management systems", "FMS", "Web-based access", "database integration", "Internet protocols", "embedded Web server", "PC Web server", "Distributed Component Object Model", "DCOM", "software development technology", "open control network", "local network interconnection"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R"]}
 {"id": "238", "title": "The Open Archives Initiative: realizing simple and effective digital library interoperability", "abstract": "The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is dedicated to solving problems of digital library interoperability. Its focus has been on defining simple protocols, most recently for the exchange of metadata from archives. The OAI evolved out of a need to increase access to scholarly publications by supporting the creation of interoperable digital libraries. As a first step towards such interoperability, a metadata harvesting protocol was developed to support the streaming of metadata from one repository to another, ultimately to a provider of user services such as browsing, searching, or annotation. This article provides an overview of the mission, philosophy, and technical framework of the OAI", "keyphrases": ["Open Archives Initiative", "digital library interoperability", "protocols", "exchange metadata", "scholarly publications", "metadata harvesting protocol", "streaming metadata", "annotation", "searching", "browsing", "user services"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2172", "title": "Electronic data exchange for real estate", "abstract": "With HM Land Registry's consultation now underway, no one denies that the property industry is facing a period of unprecedented change. PISCES (Property Information Systems Common Exchange) is a property-focused electronic data exchange standard. The standard is a set of definitions and rules to facilitate electronic transfer of data between key business areas and between different types of software packages that are used regularly by the property industry. It is not itself a piece of software but an enabling technology that allows software providers to prepare solutions within their own packages to transfer data between databases. This provides the attractive prospect of seamless transfer of data within and between systems and organisations", "keyphrases": ["HM Land Registry", "property industry", "PISCES", "Property Information Systems Common Exchange", "electronic data exchange", "standard", "software packages", "databases", "seamless transfer"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2137", "title": "Stabilization of a linear object by frequency-modulated pulsed signals", "abstract": "A control system consisting of an unstable continuous linear part and a pulse-frequency modulator in the feedback circuit is studied. Conditions for the boundedness of the solutions of the system under any initial data are determined", "keyphrases": ["discrete systems", "stabilization", "frequency-modulated pulsed signals", "linear stationary object", "control system", "feedback circuit", "solution boundedness"], "prmu": ["M", "P", "P", "M", "P", "P", "R"]}
@@ -327,12 +327,12 @@
 {"id": "1982", "title": "Verifying resonant grounding in distribution systems", "abstract": "The authors describe RESFAL, a software tool that can check on the behavior of distribution network resonant grounding systems with regard to compensation coil tuning and to fault detection", "keyphrases": ["RESFAL software tool", "resonant grounding systems", "compensation coil tuning", "fault detection", "computer simulation", "power distribution systems"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "P", "P", "U", "M"]}
 {"id": "2176", "title": "Why your Web strategy is, err, wrong", "abstract": "An awkward look at a few standard views from the author, who thinks that most people have got it, err, wrong. Like every other investment, when the time comes to sign the contract, the question that should be asked is not whether it is a good investment, but whether it is the best investment the firm can make with the money. the author argues that he would be surprised if any law firm Web site he has seen yet would jump that particular hurdle", "keyphrases": ["Web strategy", "law firm Web site"], "prmu": ["P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2133", "title": "Nonlockability in multirings and hypercubes at serial transmission of data blocks", "abstract": "For the multiring and hypercube, a method of conflictless realization of an arbitrary permutation of \"large\" data items that can be divided into many \"smaller\" data blocks was considered, and its high efficiency was demonstrated", "keyphrases": ["nonlockability", "multirings", "hypercubes", "data block serial transmission", "multiprocessor computer systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "R", "U"]}
-{"id": "284", "title": "Project-based learning: teachers learning and using high-tech to preserve Cajun culture", "abstract": "Using project-based learning pedagogy in EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology, the author has trained inservice teachers in Southwestern Louisiana with an advanced computer multimedia program called Director(R) (Macromedia, Inc.). The content of this course focused on modeling the project-based learning pedagogy and researching Acadian's traditions and legacy. With the multi-functions of microcomputers, new technologies were used to preserve and celebrate the local culture with superiority of text, graphics, animation, sound, and video. The article describes how several groups of school teachers in the surrounding areas of a regional state university of Louisiana learned computer multimedia using project-based learning and integrated their learning into local cultural heritage", "keyphrases": ["project-based learning", "teachers", "Cajun culture", "project-based learning pedagogy", "EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology", "inservice teachers", "advanced computer multimedia program", "Director", "Acadian traditions", "Macromedia", "new technologies", "local culture", "school teachers", "regional state university", "computer multimedia", "local cultural heritage"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
+{"id": "284", "title": "Project-based learning: teachers learning and using high-tech to preserve Cajun culture", "abstract": "Using project-based learning pedagogy in EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology, the author has trained inservice teachers in Southwestern Louisiana with an advanced computer multimedia program called Director(R) (Macromedia, Inc.). The content of this course focused on modeling the project-based learning pedagogy and researching Acadian's traditions and legacy. With the multi-functions of microcomputers, new technologies were used to preserve and celebrate the local culture with superiority of text, graphics, animation, sound, and video. The article describes how several groups of school teachers in the surrounding areas of a regional state university of Louisiana learned computer multimedia using project-based learning and integrated their learning into local cultural heritage", "keyphrases": ["project-based learning", "teachers", "Cajun culture", "project-based learning pedagogy", "EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology", "inservice teachers", "advanced computer multimedia program", "Director", "Acadian traditions", "Macromedia", "new technologies", "local culture", "school teachers", "regional state university", "computer multimedia", "local cultural heritage"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1942", "title": "Precoded OFDM with adaptive vector channel allocation for scalable video transmission over frequency-selective fading channels", "abstract": "Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been applied in broadband wireline and wireless systems for high data rate transmission where severe intersymbol interference (ISI) always occurs. The conventional OFDM system provides advantages through conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free subchannels at multiple frequency bands. However, it may suffer from channel spectral nulls and heavy data rate overhead due to cyclic prefix insertion. Previously, a new OFDM framework, the precoded OFDM, has been proposed to mitigate the above two problems through precoding and conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free vector channels. In this paper, we consider the application of the precoded OFDM system to efficient scalable video transmission. We propose to enhance the precoded OFDM system with adaptive vector channel allocation to provide stronger protection against errors to more important layers in the layered bit stream structure of scalable video. The more critical layers, or equivalently, the lower layers, are allocated vector channels of higher transmission quality. The channel quality is characterized by Frobenius norm metrics; based on channel estimation at the receiver. The channel allocation information is fed back periodically to the transmitter through a control channel. Simulation results have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed scheme to noise and fading inherent in wireless channels", "keyphrases": ["precoded OFDM", "scalable video transmission", "frequency-selective fading channels", "orthogonal frequency division multiplexing", "channel spectral nulls", "heavy data rate overhead", "ISI channel", "ISI-free vector channels", "adaptive vector channel allocation", "layered bit stream structure", "lower layers", "critical layers", "channel quality", "Frobenius norm metrics", "channel estimation", "channel allocation information", "control channel", "robustness"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "279", "title": "Computer mediated communication and university international students", "abstract": "The design for the preliminary study presented was based on the experiences of the international students and faculty members of a small southwest university being surveyed and interviewed. The data collection procedure blends qualitative and quantitative data. A strong consensus was found that supports the study's premise that there is an association between the use of computer mediated communication (CMC) and teaching and learning performance of international students. Both groups believe CMC to be an effective teaching and learning tool by: increasing the frequency and quality of communication between students and instructors; improving language skills through increased writing and communication opportunities; allowing students and instructors to stay current and to compete effectively; providing alternative teaching and learning methods to increase students' confidence in their ability to communicate effectively with peers and instructors; and improving the instructors' pedagogical focus and questioning techniques", "keyphrases": ["computer mediated communication", "university international students", "faculty members", "small southwest university", "data collection procedure", "quantitative data", "qualitative data", "CMC", "teaching", "learning performance", "language skills", "communication opportunities", "instructors", "student confidence", "peers", "pedagogical focus", "questioning techniques"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "364", "title": "MACLP: multi agent constraint logic programming", "abstract": "Multi agent systems (MAS) have become the key technology for decomposing complex problems in order to solve them more efficiently, or for problems distributed in nature. However, many industrial applications, besides their distributed nature, also involve a large number of parameters and constraints, i.e. they are combinatorial. Solving such particularly hard problems efficiently requires programming tools that combine MAS technology with a programming schema that facilitates the modeling and solution of constraints. This paper presents MACLP (multi agent constraint logic programming), a logic programming platform for building, in a declarative way, multi agent systems with constraint-solving capabilities. MACLP extends CSPCONS, a logic programming system that permits distributed program execution through communicating sequential Prolog processes with constraints, by providing all the necessary facilities for communication between agents. These facilities abstract from the programmer all the low-level details of the communication and allow him to focus on the development of the agent itself", "keyphrases": ["multi agent constraint logic programming", "multi agent systems", "parameters", "combinatorial problems", "hard problems", "constraint solving", "distributed program execution", "communicating sequential Prolog processes"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "R", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2096", "title": "A spatial rainfall simulator for crop production modeling in Southern Africa", "abstract": "This paper describes a methodology for simulating rainfall in dekads across a set of spatial units in areas where long-term meteorological records are available for a small number of sites only. The work forms part of a larger simulation model of the food system in a district of Zimbabwe, which includes a crop production component for yields of maize, small grains and groundnuts. Only a limited number of meteorological stations are available within or surrounding the district that have long time series of rainfall records. Preliminary analysis of rainfall data for these stations suggested that intra-seasonal temporal correlation was negligible, but that rainfall at any given station was correlated with rainfall at neighbouring stations. This spatial correlation structure can be modeled using a multivariate normal distribution consisting of 30 related variables, representing dekadly rainfall in each of the 30 wards. For each ward, log-transformed rainfall for each of the 36 dekads in the year was characterized by a mean and standard deviation, which were interpolated from surrounding meteorological stations. A covariance matrix derived from a distance measure was then used to represent the spatial correlation between wards. Sets of random numbers were then drawn from this distribution to simulate rainfall across the wards in any given dekad. Cross-validation of estimated rainfall parameters against observed parameters for the one meteorological station within the district suggests that the interpolation process works well. The methodology developed is useful in situations where long-term climatic records are scarce and where rainfall shows pronounced spatial correlation, but negligible temporal correlation", "keyphrases": ["simulating rainfall", "crop production modeling", "Zimbabwe", "covariance matrix", "rainfall records", "rainfall data", "spatial correlation", "multivariate normal distribution", "parameter estimation", "Southern Africa"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P"]}
-{"id": "321", "title": "A multimodal data collection tool using REALbasic and Mac OS X", "abstract": "This project uses REALbasic 3.5 in the Mac OS X environment for development of a configuration tool that builds a data collection procedure for investigating the effectiveness of sonified graphs. The advantage of using REALbasic with the Mac OS X system is that it provides rapid development of stimulus presentation, direct recording of data to files, and control over other procedural issues. The program can be made to run natively on the new Mac OS X system, older Mac OS systems, and Windows (98SE, ME, 2000 PRO). With modification, similar programs could be used to present any number of visual/auditory stimulus combinations, complete with questions for each stimulus", "keyphrases": ["multimodal data collection tool", "REALbasic", "Mac OS X environment", "configuration tool", "data collection", "sonified graphs", "visual data comprehension", "psychology", "visual stimulus", "auditory stimulus", "stimulus presentation", "direct data recording", "Windows"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "U", "M", "M", "P", "R", "P"]}
+{"id": "321", "title": "A multimodal data collection tool using REALbasic and Mac OS X", "abstract": "This project uses REALbasic 3.5 in the Mac OS X environment for development of a configuration tool that builds a data collection procedure for investigating the effectiveness of sonified graphs. The advantage of using REALbasic with the Mac OS X system is that it provides rapid development of stimulus presentation, direct recording of data to files, and control over other procedural issues. The program can be made to run natively on the new Mac OS X system, older Mac OS systems, and Windows (98SE, ME, 2000 PRO). With modification, similar programs could be used to present any number of visual/auditory stimulus combinations, complete with questions for each stimulus", "keyphrases": ["multimodal data collection tool", "REALbasic", "Mac OS X environment", "configuration tool", "data collection", "sonified graphs", "visual data comprehension", "psychology", "visual stimulus", "auditory stimulus", "stimulus presentation", "direct data recording", "Windows"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "U", "R", "P", "P", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "399", "title": "Low-voltage DRAM sensing scheme with offset-cancellation sense amplifier", "abstract": "A novel bitline sensing scheme is proposed for low-voltage DRAM to achieve low power dissipation and compatibility with low-voltage CMOS. One of the major obstacles in low-voltage DRAM is the degradation of data-retention time due to low signal level at the memory cell, which requires power-consuming refresh operations more frequently. This paper proposes an offset-cancellation sense-amplifier scheme (OCSA) that improves data-retention time significantly even at low supply voltage. It also improves die efficiency, because the proposed scheme reduces the number of sense amplifiers by supporting more cells in each sense amplifier. Measurements show that the data-retention time of the proposed scheme at 1.5-V supply voltage is 2.4 times of the conventional scheme at 2.0 V", "keyphrases": ["LV DRAM sensing scheme", "low-voltage sensing scheme", "offset-cancellation sense amplifier scheme", "bitline sensing scheme", "low power dissipation", "low-voltage CMOS compatibility", "data-retention time", "memory cell", "differential amplifier configuration", "power-consuming refresh operations", "sensing margin", "1.5 V"], "prmu": ["M", "R", "R", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "M", "P", "M", "M"]}
 {"id": "218", "title": "ISCSI poised to lower SAN costs", "abstract": "IT managers building storage area networks or expanding their capacity may be able to save money by using iSCSI and IP systems rather than Fibre Channel technologies", "keyphrases": ["SAN costs", "storage area networks", "iSCSI", "IP systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1966", "title": "Application of nonlinear time series analysis techniques to high-frequency currency exchange data", "abstract": "In this work we have applied nonlinear time series analysis to high-frequency currency exchange data. The time series studied are the exchange rates between the US Dollar and 18 other foreign currencies from within and without the Euro zone. Our goal was to determine if their dynamical behaviours were in some way correlated. The nonexistence of stationarity called for the application of recurrence quantification analysis as a tool for this analysis, and is based on the definition of several parameters that allow for the quantification of recurrence plots. The method was checked using the European Monetary System currency exchanges. The results show, as expected, the high correlation between the currencies that are part of the Euro, but also a strong correlation between the Japanese Yen, the Canadian Dollar and the British Pound. Singularities of the series are also demonstrated taking into account historical events, in 1996, in the Euro zone", "keyphrases": ["nonlinear time series", "high-frequency currency exchange data", "exchange rates", "US Dollar", "foreign currencies", "Euro zone", "stationarity", "recurrence quantification analysis", "recurrence plots", "European Monetary System", "Japanese Yen", "Canadian Dollar", "British Pound", "historical events", "econophysics", "nonlinear dynamics"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "R"]}
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
 {"id": "2150", "title": "Data storage: re-format. Closely tracking a fast-moving sector", "abstract": "In the past few years the data center market has changed dramatically, forcing many companies into consolidation or bankruptcy. Gone are the days when companies raised millions of dollars to acquire large industrial buildings and transform them into glittering, high-tech palaces filled with the latest telecommunication and data technology. Whereas manufacturers of communication technology deliver the racked equipment in these, often mission-critical, facilities, ABB focuses mainly on the building infrastructure. Besides the very important redundant power supply, ABB also provides the redundant air conditioning and the security system", "keyphrases": ["building management", "data centers", "building infrastructure", "mission-critical facilities", "ABB", "engineering management", "project management", "installation", "commissioning", "redundant power supply", "redundant air conditioning", "security system"], "prmu": ["M", "P", "P", "R", "P", "U", "U", "U", "U", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2115", "title": "Control of combustion processes in an internal combustion engine by low-temperature plasma", "abstract": "A new method of operation of internal combustion engines enhances power and reduces fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity. Low-temperature plasma control combines working processes of thermal engines and steam machines into a single process", "keyphrases": ["combustion processes", "internal combustion engine", "low-temperature plasma", "fuel consumption", "exhaust toxicity", "working processes", "thermal engines", "steam machines"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1999", "title": "Performance comparison between PID and dead-time compensating controllers", "abstract": "This paper is intended to answer the question: \"When can a simple dead-time compensator be expected to perform better than a PID?\". The performance criterion used is the integrated absolute error (IAE). It is compared for PI and PID controllers and a simple dead-time compensator (DTC) when a step load disturbance is applied at the plant input. Both stable and integrating processes are considered. For a fair comparison the controllers should provide equal robustness in some sense. Here, as a measure of robustness, the H/sub infinity / norm of the sum of the absolute values of the sensitivity function and the complementary sensitivity function is used. Performance of the DTC's is given also as a function of dead-time margin (D/sub M/)", "keyphrases": ["performance comparison", "PID controllers", "dead-time compensating controllers", "performance criterion", "integrated absolute error", "IAE", "PI controllers", "dead-time compensator", "DTC", "step load disturbance", "stable processes", "integrating processes", "equal robustness", "complementary sensitivity function", "dead-time margin", "absolute value sum H/sub infinity / norm"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R"]}
-{"id": "1964", "title": "Antipersistent Markov behavior in foreign exchange markets", "abstract": "A quantitative check of efficiency in US dollar/Deutsche mark exchange rates is developed using high-frequency (tick by tick) data. The antipersistent Markov behavior of log-price fluctuations of given size implies, in principle, the possibility of a statistical forecast. We introduce and measure the available information of the quote sequence, and we show how it can be profitable following a particular trading rule", "keyphrases": ["antipersistent Markov behavior", "foreign exchange markets", "efficiency", "US dollar", "Deutsche mark", "exchange rates", "high-frequency data", "log-price fluctuations", "statistical forecast", "quote sequence", "trading rule", "Shannon entropy", "forecasting"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "M", "M", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "P"]}
+{"id": "1964", "title": "Antipersistent Markov behavior in foreign exchange markets", "abstract": "A quantitative check of efficiency in US dollar/Deutsche mark exchange rates is developed using high-frequency (tick by tick) data. The antipersistent Markov behavior of log-price fluctuations of given size implies, in principle, the possibility of a statistical forecast. We introduce and measure the available information of the quote sequence, and we show how it can be profitable following a particular trading rule", "keyphrases": ["antipersistent Markov behavior", "foreign exchange markets", "efficiency", "US dollar", "Deutsche mark", "exchange rates", "high-frequency data", "log-price fluctuations", "statistical forecast", "quote sequence", "trading rule", "Shannon entropy", "forecasting"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "U", "P"]}
 {"id": "342", "title": "Mount Sinai Hospital uses integer programming to allocate operating room time", "abstract": "An integer-programming model and a post-solution heuristic allocates operating room time to the five surgical divisions at Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital. The hospital has used this approach for several years and credits it with both administrative savings and the ability to produce quickly an equitable master surgical schedule", "keyphrases": ["Mount Sinai Hospital", "integer programming", "operating room time allocation", "Toronto", "Ontario", "Canada", "post-solution heuristic"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "R", "P", "U", "U", "P"]}
 {"id": "307", "title": "Computer program to generate operant schedules", "abstract": "A computer program for programming schedules of reinforcement is described. Students can use the program to experience schedules of reinforcement that are typically used with nonhuman subjects. Accumulative recording of a student's response can be shown on the screen and/or printed with the computer's printer. The program can also be used to program operant schedules for animal subjects. The program was tested with human subjects experiencing fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval schedules. Performance for human subjects on a given schedule was similar to performance for nonhuman subjects on the same schedule", "keyphrases": ["operant schedule generation", "computer program", "reinforcement schedule programming", "nonhuman subjects", "cumulative student response recording", "animal subjects", "fixed ratio schedules", "variable ratio schedules", "fixed interval schedules", "variable interval schedules", "human subjects"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "R", "P", "M", "P", "R", "R", "R", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "2008", "title": "Building 3D anatomical scenes on the Web", "abstract": "We propose a new service for building user-defined 3D anatomical structures on the Web. The Web server is connected to a database storing more than 1000 3D anatomical models reconstructed from the Visible Human. Users may combine existing models as well as planar oblique slices in order to create their own structured anatomical scenes. Furthermore, they may record sequences of scene construction and visualization actions. These actions enable the server to construct high-quality video animations, downloadable by the user. Professionals and students in anatomy, medicine and related disciplines are invited to use the server and create their own anatomical scenes", "keyphrases": ["3D anatomical scenes", "World Wide Web", "user-defined 3D anatomical structures", "Web server", "database", "3D anatomical models", "Visible Human", "planar oblique slices", "structured anatomical scenes", "volume visualization", "surface reconstruction", "applet-based rendering engine", "Java", "visualization", "scene construction", "high-quality video animation"], "prmu": ["P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "M", "U", "U", "P", "P", "P"]}
@@ -393,9 +393,9 @@
 {"id": "2112", "title": "Allan variance and fractal Brownian motion", "abstract": "Noise filtering is the subject of a voluminous literature in radio engineering. The methods of filtering require knowledge of the frequency response, which is usually unknown. D.W. Allan (see Proc. IEEE, vol.54, no.2, p.221-30, 1966; IEEE Trans. Instr. Measur., vol.IM-36, p.646-54, 1987) proposed a simple method of determining the interval between equally accurate observations which does without this information. In this method, the variances of the increments of noise and signal are equal, so that, in observations with a greater step, the variations caused by noise are smaller than those caused by the signal. This method is the standard accepted by the USA metrology community. The present paper is devoted to a statistical analysis of the Allan method and acquisition of additional information", "keyphrases": ["Allan variance", "fractal Brownian motion", "noise filtering", "radio engineering", "frequency response", "USA metrology community", "statistical analysis", "white noise"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M"]}
 {"id": "2157", "title": "Shaping the future. BendWizard: a tool for off-line programming of robotic tending systems", "abstract": "Setting up a robot to make metal cabinets or cases for desktop computers can be a complex operation. For instance, one expert might be required to carry out a feasibility study, and then another to actually program the robot. Understandably, the need for so much expertise, and the time that's required, generally limits the usefulness of automation to high-volume production. Workshops producing parts in batches smaller than 50 or so, or which rely heavily on semiskilled operators, are therefore often discouraged from investing in automation, and so miss out on its many advantages. What is needed is a software tool that operators without special knowledge of robotics, or with no more than rudimentary CAD skills, can use. One which allows easy offline programming and simulation of the work cell on a PC", "keyphrases": ["robotic tending systems", "BendWizard offline programming tool", "metal cabinets", "desktop computer cases", "feasibility study", "high-volume production", "workshops", "CAD skills", "work cell simulation"], "prmu": ["P", "R", "P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R"]}
 {"id": "258", "title": "Building digital collections at the OAC: current strategies with a view to future uses", "abstract": "Providing a context for the exploration of user defined virtual collections, the article describes the history and recent development of the Online Archive of California (OAC). Stating that usability and user needs are primary factors in digital resource development, issues explored include collaborations to build digital collections, reliance upon professional standards for description and encoding, system architecture, interface design, the need for user tools, and the role of archivists as interpreters in the digital environment", "keyphrases": ["digital collections", "OAC", "future uses", "user defined virtual collections", "history", "Online Archive of California", "user needs", "digital resource", "professional standards", "system architecture", "interface design", "user tools", "digital environment", "Encoded Archival Description", "archival descriptive standards", "metadata standards", "best practices", "user studies"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "R", "M", "U", "M"]}
-{"id": "1963", "title": "The variance of firm growth rates: the 'scaling' puzzle", "abstract": "Recent evidence suggests that a power-law relationship exists between a firm's size and the variance of its growth rate. The flatness of the relation is regarded as puzzling, in that it suggests that large firms are not much more stable than small firms. It has been suggested that the powerlaw nature of the relationship reflects the presence of some form of correlation of growth rates across the firm's constituent businesses. Here, it is shown that a model of independent businesses which allows for the fact that these businesses vary in size, as modelled by a simple 'partitions of integers' model, provides a good representation of what is observed empirically", "keyphrases": ["firm growth rates", "scaling puzzle", "power-law", "flatness", "correlation", "constituent businesses", "partitions of integers model", "size distribution", "corporate growth"], "prmu": ["P", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "M", "M", "M"]}
+{"id": "1963", "title": "The variance of firm growth rates: the 'scaling' puzzle", "abstract": "Recent evidence suggests that a power-law relationship exists between a firm's size and the variance of its growth rate. The flatness of the relation is regarded as puzzling, in that it suggests that large firms are not much more stable than small firms. It has been suggested that the powerlaw nature of the relationship reflects the presence of some form of correlation of growth rates across the firm's constituent businesses. Here, it is shown that a model of independent businesses which allows for the fact that these businesses vary in size, as modelled by a simple 'partitions of integers' model, provides a good representation of what is observed empirically", "keyphrases": ["firm growth rates", "scaling puzzle", "power-law", "flatness", "correlation", "constituent businesses", "partitions of integers model", "size distribution", "corporate growth"], "prmu": ["P", "R", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "M", "M"]}
 {"id": "300", "title": "The plot thins: thin-client computer systems and academic libraries", "abstract": "The few libraries that have tried thin client architectures have noted a number of compelling reasons to do so. For starters, thin client devices are far less expensive than most PCs. More importantly, thin client computing devices are believed to be far less expensive to manage and support than traditional PCs", "keyphrases": ["academic libraries", "thin-client computer systems"], "prmu": ["P", "P"]}
-{"id": "345", "title": "In search of strategic operations research/management science", "abstract": "We define strategic OR/MS as \"OR/MS work that leads to a sustainable competitive advantage.\" We found evidence of strategic OR/MS in the literature of strategic information systems (SIS) and OR/MS. We examined 30 early examples of SIS, many of which contained OR/MS work. Many of the most successful had high OR/MS content, while the least successful contained none. The inclusion of OR/MS work may be a key to sustaining an advantage from information technology. We also examined the Edelman Prize finalist articles published between 1990 and 1999. We found that 13 of the 42 private sector applications meet our definition of strategic OR/MS", "keyphrases": ["operations research", "management science", "strategic OR/MS", "strategic information systems", "SIS"], "prmu": ["M", "M", "P", "P", "P"]}
+{"id": "345", "title": "In search of strategic operations research/management science", "abstract": "We define strategic OR/MS as \"OR/MS work that leads to a sustainable competitive advantage.\" We found evidence of strategic OR/MS in the literature of strategic information systems (SIS) and OR/MS. We examined 30 early examples of SIS, many of which contained OR/MS work. Many of the most successful had high OR/MS content, while the least successful contained none. The inclusion of OR/MS work may be a key to sustaining an advantage from information technology. We also examined the Edelman Prize finalist articles published between 1990 and 1999. We found that 13 of the 42 private sector applications meet our definition of strategic OR/MS", "keyphrases": ["operations research", "management science", "strategic OR/MS", "strategic information systems", "SIS"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "1947", "title": "Modelling user acceptance of building management systems", "abstract": "This study examines user acceptance of building management systems (BMS) using a questionnaire survey. These systems are crucial for optimising building performance and yet it has been widely reported that users are not making full use of their systems' facilities. Established models of technology acceptance have been employed in this research, and the positive influence of user perceptions of ease of use and compatibility has been demonstrated. Previous research has indicated differing levels of importance of perceived ease of use relative to other factors. Here, perceived ease of use is shown generally to be more important, though the balance between this and compatibility is moderated by the user perceptions of voluntariness", "keyphrases": ["user acceptance modelling", "building management systems", "technology acceptance model", "innovation characteristics", "information systems", "questionnaire survey", "user perceptions", "ease of use", "compatibility", "voluntariness"], "prmu": ["R", "P", "R", "U", "M", "P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}
 {"id": "239", "title": "Content standards for electronic books: the OEBF publication structure and the role of public interest participation", "abstract": "In the emerging world of electronic publishing how we create, distribute, and read books will be in a large part determined by an underlying framework of content standards that establishes the range of technological opportunities and constraints for publishing and reading systems. But efforts to develop content standards based on sound engineering models must skillfully negotiate competing and sometimes apparently irreconcilable objectives if they are to produce results relevant to the rapidly changing course of technology. The Open eBook Forum's Publication Structure, an XML-based specification for electronic books, is an example of the sort of timely and innovative problem solving required for successful real-world standards development. As a result of this effort, the electronic book industry will not only happen sooner and on a larger scale than it would have otherwise, but the electronic books it produces will be more functional, more interoperable, and more accessible to all readers. Public interest participants have a critical role in this process", "keyphrases": ["electronic publishing", "electronic books", "content standards", "OEBF Publication Structure", "public interest participation", "Open eBook Forum Publication Structure", "XML-based specification"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P", "R", "P"]}
 {"id": "2136", "title": "A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets and the problem of network reconstruction", "abstract": "A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets was proposed. Its complexity was estimated by a polynomial of the dimension of problem input, given number of sequence terms, and complexity of completing the design of the original extremal problem. The technique developed was applied to the typical problem of network reconstruction with the aim of increasing its throughput under restricted reconstruction costs", "keyphrases": ["best solutions", "optimization", "finite sets", "network reconstruction", "complexity"], "prmu": ["P", "P", "P", "P", "P"]}