apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-k8s-rules
  labels:
    role: prometheus-rulefiles
    prometheus: k8s
data:
  etcd2.rules: |+
    ### General cluster availability ###
    
    # alert if another failed peer will result in an unavailable cluster
    ALERT InsufficientPeers
      IF count(up{job="etcd-k8s"} == 0) > (count(up{job="etcd-k8s"}) / 2 - 1)
      FOR 3m
      LABELS {
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Etcd cluster small",
        description = "If one more etcd peer goes down the cluster will be unavailable",
      }
    
    ### HTTP requests alerts ###
    
    # alert if more than 1% of requests to an HTTP endpoint have failed with a non 4xx response
    ALERT HighNumberOfFailedHTTPRequests
      IF sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_failed_total{job="etcd-k8s", code!~"4[0-9]{2}"}[5m]))
        / sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_received_total{job="etcd-k8s"}[5m])) > 0.01
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "a high number of HTTP requests are failing",
        description = "{{ $value }}% of requests for {{ $labels.method }} failed on etcd instance {{ $labels.instance }}",
      }
    
    # alert if more than 5% of requests to an HTTP endpoint have failed with a non 4xx response
    ALERT HighNumberOfFailedHTTPRequests
      IF sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_failed_total{job="etcd-k8s", code!~"4[0-9]{2}"}[5m]))
        / sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_received_total{job="etcd-k8s"}[5m])) > 0.05
      FOR 5m
      LABELS {
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "a high number of HTTP requests are failing",
        description = "{{ $value }}% of requests for {{ $labels.method }} failed on etcd instance {{ $labels.instance }}",
      }
    
    # alert if 50% of requests get a 4xx response
    ALERT HighNumberOfFailedHTTPRequests
      IF sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_failed_total{job="etcd-k8s", code=~"4[0-9]{2}"}[5m]))
        / sum by(method) (rate(etcd_http_received_total{job="etcd-k8s"}[5m])) > 0.5
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "a high number of HTTP requests are failing",
        description = "{{ $value }}% of requests for {{ $labels.method }} failed with 4xx responses on etcd instance {{ $labels.instance }}",
      }
    
    # alert if the 99th percentile of HTTP requests take more than 150ms
    ALERT HTTPRequestsSlow
      IF histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(etcd_http_successful_duration_second_bucket[5m])) > 0.15
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "slow HTTP requests",
        description = "on ectd instance {{ $labels.instance }} HTTP requests to {{ $label.method }} are slow",
      }
    
    ### File descriptor alerts ###
    
    instance:fd_utilization = process_open_fds / process_max_fds
    
    # alert if file descriptors are likely to exhaust within the next 4 hours
    ALERT FdExhaustionClose
      IF predict_linear(instance:fd_utilization[1h], 3600 * 4) > 1
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "file descriptors soon exhausted",
        description = "{{ $labels.job }} instance {{ $labels.instance }} will exhaust in file descriptors soon",
      }
    
    # alert if file descriptors are likely to exhaust within the next hour
    ALERT FdExhaustionClose
      IF predict_linear(instance:fd_utilization[10m], 3600) > 1
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "file descriptors soon exhausted",
        description = "{{ $labels.job }} instance {{ $labels.instance }} will exhaust in file descriptors soon",
      }
    
    ### etcd proposal alerts ###
    
    # alert if there are several failed proposals within an hour
    ALERT HighNumberOfFailedProposals
      IF increase(etcd_server_proposal_failed_total{job="etcd"}[1h]) > 5
      LABELS {
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "a high number of failed proposals within the etcd cluster are happening",
        description = "etcd instance {{ $labels.instance }} has seen {{ $value }} proposal failures within the last hour",
      }
    
    ### etcd disk io latency alerts ###
    
    # alert if 99th percentile of fsync durations is higher than 500ms
    ALERT HighFsyncDurations
      IF histogram_quantile(0.99, rate(etcd_wal_fsync_durations_seconds_bucket[5m])) > 0.5
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "high fsync durations",
        description = "ectd instance {{ $labels.instance }} fync durations are high",
      }
  kubernetes.rules: |+
    # NOTE: These rules were kindly contributed by the SoundCloud engineering team.
    
    ### Container resources ###
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:spec_memory_limit_bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_spec_memory_limit_bytes{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:spec_cpu_shares =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_spec_cpu_shares{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:cpu_usage:rate =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          irate(
            container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{container_name!=""}[5m]
          ),
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_usage:bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_memory_usage_bytes{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_working_set:bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_memory_working_set_bytes{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_rss:bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_memory_rss{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_cache:bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_memory_cache{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:disk_usage:bytes =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name) (
        label_replace(
          container_disk_usage_bytes{container_name!=""},
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_pagefaults:rate =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name,scope,type) (
        label_replace(
          irate(
            container_memory_failures_total{container_name!=""}[5m]
          ),
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    cluster_namespace_controller_pod_container:memory_oom:rate =
      sum by (cluster,namespace,controller,pod_name,container_name,scope,type) (
        label_replace(
          irate(
            container_memory_failcnt{container_name!=""}[5m]
          ),
          "controller", "$1",
          "pod_name", "^(.*)-[a-z0-9]+"
        )
      )
    
    ### Cluster resources ###
    
    cluster:memory_allocation:percent =
      100 * sum by (cluster) (
        container_spec_memory_limit_bytes{pod_name!=""}
      ) / sum by (cluster) (
        machine_memory_bytes
      )
    
    cluster:memory_used:percent =
      100 * sum by (cluster) (
        container_memory_usage_bytes{pod_name!=""}
      ) / sum by (cluster) (
        machine_memory_bytes
      )
    
    cluster:cpu_allocation:percent =
      100 * sum by (cluster) (
        container_spec_cpu_shares{pod_name!=""}
      ) / sum by (cluster) (
        container_spec_cpu_shares{id="/"} * on(cluster,instance) machine_cpu_cores
      )
    
    cluster:node_cpu_use:percent =
      100 * sum by (cluster) (
        rate(node_cpu{mode!="idle"}[5m])
      ) / sum by (cluster) (
        machine_cpu_cores
      )
    
    ### API latency ###
    
    # Raw metrics are in microseconds. Convert to seconds.
    cluster_resource_verb:apiserver_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.99"} =
      histogram_quantile(
        0.99,
        sum by(le,cluster,job,resource,verb) (apiserver_request_latencies_bucket)
      ) / 1e6
    cluster_resource_verb:apiserver_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.9"} =
      histogram_quantile(
        0.9,
        sum by(le,cluster,job,resource,verb) (apiserver_request_latencies_bucket)
      ) / 1e6
    cluster_resource_verb:apiserver_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.5"} =
      histogram_quantile(
        0.5,
        sum by(le,cluster,job,resource,verb) (apiserver_request_latencies_bucket)
      ) / 1e6
    
    ### Scheduling latency ###
    
    cluster:scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.99"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.99,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.9"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.9,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.5"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.5,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_e2e_scheduling_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    
    cluster:scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.99"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.99,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.9"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.9,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.5"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.5,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    
    cluster:scheduler_binding_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.99"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.99,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_binding_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_binding_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.9"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.9,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_binding_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    cluster:scheduler_binding_latency:quantile_seconds{quantile="0.5"} =
      histogram_quantile(0.5,sum by (le,cluster) (scheduler_binding_latency_microseconds_bucket)) / 1e6
    
    ALERT K8SNodeDown
      IF up{job="kubelet"} == 0
      FOR 1h
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Kubelet cannot be scraped",
        description = "Prometheus could not scrape a {{ $labels.job }} for more than one hour",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SNodeNotReady
      IF kube_node_status_ready{condition="true"} == 0
      FOR 1h
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Node status is NotReady",
        description = "The Kubelet on {{ $labels.node }} has not checked in with the API, or has set itself to NotReady, for more than an hour",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SManyNodesNotReady
      IF
        count by (cluster) (kube_node_status_ready{condition="true"} == 0) > 1
        AND
          (
            count by (cluster) (kube_node_status_ready{condition="true"} == 0)
          /
            count by (cluster) (kube_node_status_ready{condition="true"})
          ) > 0.2
      FOR 1m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Many K8s nodes are Not Ready",
        description = "{{ $value }} K8s nodes (more than 10% of cluster {{ $labels.cluster }}) are in the NotReady state.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SKubeletNodeExporterDown
      IF up{job="node-exporter"} == 0
      FOR 15m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Kubelet node_exporter cannot be scraped",
        description = "Prometheus could not scrape a {{ $labels.job }} for more than one hour.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SKubeletDown
      IF absent(up{job="kubelet"}) or count by (cluster) (up{job="kubelet"} == 0) / count by (cluster) (up{job="kubelet"}) > 0.1
      FOR 1h
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Many Kubelets cannot be scraped",
        description = "Prometheus failed to scrape more than 10% of kubelets, or all Kubelets have disappeared from service discovery.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SApiserverDown
      IF up{job="kubernetes"} == 0
      FOR 15m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "API server unreachable",
        description = "An API server could not be scraped.",
      }
    
    # Disable for non HA kubernetes setups.
    ALERT K8SApiserverDown
      IF absent({job="kubernetes"}) or (count by(cluster) (up{job="kubernetes"} == 1) < count by(cluster) (up{job="kubernetes"}))
      FOR 5m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "API server unreachable",
        description = "Prometheus failed to scrape multiple API servers, or all API servers have disappeared from service discovery.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SSchedulerDown
      IF absent(up{job="kube-scheduler"}) or (count by(cluster) (up{job="kube-scheduler"} == 1) == 0)
      FOR 5m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Scheduler is down",
        description = "There is no running K8S scheduler. New pods are not being assigned to nodes.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SControllerManagerDown
      IF absent(up{job="kube-controller-manager"}) or (count by(cluster) (up{job="kube-controller-manager"} == 1) == 0)
      FOR 5m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Controller manager is down",
        description = "There is no running K8S controller manager. Deployments and replication controllers are not making progress.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SConntrackTableFull
      IF 100*node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit > 50
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Number of tracked connections is near the limit",
        description = "The nf_conntrack table is {{ $value }}% full.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SConntrackTableFull
      IF 100*node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit > 90
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Number of tracked connections is near the limit",
        description = "The nf_conntrack table is {{ $value }}% full.",
      }
    
    # To catch the conntrack sysctl de-tuning when it happens
    ALERT K8SConntrackTuningMissing
      IF node_nf_conntrack_udp_timeout > 10
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Node does not have the correct conntrack tunings",
        description = "Nodes keep un-setting the correct tunings, investigate when it happens.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8STooManyOpenFiles
      IF 100*process_open_fds{job=~"kubelet|kubernetes"} / process_max_fds > 50
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "{{ $labels.job }} has too many open file descriptors",
        description = "{{ $labels.node }} is using {{ $value }}% of the available file/socket descriptors.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8STooManyOpenFiles
      IF 100*process_open_fds{job=~"kubelet|kubernetes"} / process_max_fds > 80
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "critical"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "{{ $labels.job }} has too many open file descriptors",
        description = "{{ $labels.node }} is using {{ $value }}% of the available file/socket descriptors.",
      }
    
    # Some verbs excluded because they are expected to be long-lasting:
    # WATCHLIST is long-poll, CONNECT is `kubectl exec`.
    ALERT K8SApiServerLatency
      IF histogram_quantile(
          0.99,
          sum without (instance,node,resource) (apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{verb!~"CONNECT|WATCHLIST|WATCH"})
        ) / 1e6 > 1.0
      FOR 10m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Kubernetes apiserver latency is high",
        description = "99th percentile Latency for {{ $labels.verb }} requests to the kube-apiserver is higher than 1s.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SApiServerEtcdAccessLatency
      IF etcd_request_latencies_summary{quantile="0.99"} / 1e6 > 1.0
      FOR 15m
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning"
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Access to etcd is slow",
        description = "99th percentile latency for apiserver to access etcd is higher than 1s.",
      }
    
    ALERT K8SKubeletTooManyPods
      IF kubelet_running_pod_count > 100
      LABELS {
        service = "k8s",
        severity = "warning",
      }
      ANNOTATIONS {
        summary = "Kubelet is close to pod limit",
        description = "Kubelet {{$labels.instance}} is running {{$value}} pods, close to the limit of 110",
      }
    
