ɹᵻnˈuːd ˈɪntɹɛst ɪn æntˈɪkwᵻɾi dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə ɹˈɛnəsˌɑːns ænd ɪn pɹˈaɪvət dʒˈʌdʒmənt dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə ɹᵻfoːɹmˈeɪʃən ɹᵻstˈoːɹd ˈɛlɪmənts ʌv ˈæntaɪˌɔːθoːɹɪtˈɛɹiən sˈɛkjʊlɚɹˌɪzəm, pɚtˈɪkjʊlɚli ɪn fɹˈæns.
Renewed interest in antiquity during the Renaissance and in private judgment during the Reformation restored elements of anti-authoritarian secularism, particularly in France.