ɐbˌaʊt ðə sˈeɪm tˈaɪm, ɪnðə nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd fˈɪfti z, ðə jˈuːs ʌv ˈɛksɹˈeɪ dᵻfɹˈækʃən fɔːɹ stˈʌdiɪŋ ðə kɹˈɪstəl stɹˈʌktʃɚz ʌv pɹˈoʊtiːnz, nuːklˈɪɪk ˈæsɪdz ænd ˈʌðɚ bˌaɪəlˈɑːdʒɪkəl mˈɑːlɪkjˌuːlz ɡˈeɪv ɹˈaɪz tʊ ɐ nˈuː fˈiːld ʌv məlˈɛkjʊlɚɹ ɐnˈæɾəmi.
About the same time, in the 1950s, the use of X-ray diffraction for studying the crystal structures of proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules gave rise to a new field of molecular anatomy.