ɛkstˈɛnsɪv ˈɛksɹˈeɪ ænd ˌʊltɹɐvˈaɪəlɪt ɪndˈuːst mjˌuːɾeɪdʒˈɛnᵻsˌɪs ˈɛfɚts ˈaɪ.ˈiː. pɹˈɪmᵻtˌɪv dʒɪnˈɛɾɪk ˌɛndʒɪnˈɪɹɪŋ dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd fˈɪfti z pɹədˈuːst ðə mˈɑːdɚn kəmˈɜːʃəl vɚɹˈaɪəɾiz ʌv ɡɹˈeɪnz sˈʌtʃ ɐz wˈiːt, kˈɔːɹn mˈeɪz ænd bˈɑːɹli.
Extensive X-ray and ultraviolet induced mutagenesis efforts (i.e. primitive genetic engineering) during the 1950s produced the modern commercial varieties of grains such as wheat, corn (maize) and barley.