sˈɛvɹəl ˌænθɹəpˈɑːlədʒˌɪsts hæv nˈoʊɾᵻd ðætðə wˈɛstɚn kˈæɾɪɡɚɹiz ʌv pˈeɪntɪŋ, skˈʌlptʃɚ, ɔːɹ lˈɪɾɚɹᵻtʃɚ, kənsˈiːvd æz ˌɪndᵻpˈɛndənt ɑːɹtˈɪstɪk æktˈɪvᵻɾiz, duːnˌɑːt ɛɡzˈɪst, ɔːɹ ɛɡzˈɪst ɪn ɐ sɪɡnˈɪfɪkəntli dˈɪfɹənt fˈɔːɹm, ɪn mˈoʊst nˈɑːnwˈɛstɚn kˈɑːntɛksts.
Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts.