The 49-strong team for the event, which will be at London Stadium in Stratford from 14-23 July, contains 10 athletes who won gold at Rio 2016.
Two-time Paralympic champion Peacock, 24, missed out on the 2015 World Championships through injury and will look to recapture the 100m title he claimed in 2013.
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Britain won 31 medals in Doha two years ago, including 13 golds, finishing fourth in the medal table.
London will be the first time the event has been held in the same city and in the same summer as the World Athletics Championships, which run from 4-13 August.
Six-time world champion David Weir is not included after withdrawing from British Athletics following a fallout with coach Jenni Banks, and double T11 100m and 200m Paralympic champion Libby Clegg misses out with an injury.
Cox, 26, who has multiple sclerosis, won gold medals in track cycling and athletics at Rio 2016, but has focused her training on athletics this year before her defence of her T37 100m title.
Cockroft, 24, won world gold in the T34 100m, 400m and 800m two years ago, a treble she repeated in Rio last year.
Whitehead, 40, can become a four-time T42 200m world champion in London, while Jo Butterfield will be given the opportunity to defend her club throw titles in the F51 and and Aled Davies his shot title in the F42 .
T38 sprinter Sophie Hahn, who has cerebral palsy, can win her third individual 100m world title, despite only being 20.
Paralympic champions Hollie Arnold and Aled Sion Davies are among nine athletes from Wales included.

Former MEP turned AM Eluned Morgan spoke a year on from the referendum when Wales voted to leave the EU.
Hard and soft Brexit relates to the type of relationship with the EU single market after the UK leaves the bloc.
UKIP MEP Nathan Gill warned against a "con" of a Brexit, saying there were only two options - to leave or to stay.
Meanwhile Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies has said his family faced "abuse" after he decided to campaign for Leave.
On June 23 2016, 854,572 people in Wales - 52.5% of those who took part in the referendum - voted for Brexit, compared with 772,347 (47.5%) who said the UK should stay.
The figures were in line with the UK result and came despite First Minister Carwyn Jones and the then Prime Minister David Cameron campaigning for a Remain vote.
Asked how parties that campaigned for Remain should learn from the referendum, Ms Morgan said: "We should probably stop talking about the EU in terms that people don't understand.
"Not many people I know understand hard and soft Brexit, and those are the experts.
"If we really want to connect with the people we have to start talking about a jobs Brexit, or a Brexit that means you can still go out to a cafe and be served because actually we [could] lose so many people."
Soft Brexit is sometimes used to refer to the UK maintaining some kind of relationship with the single market in return for concessions on freedom of movement, while hard or clean Brexit suggests leaving the single market entirely.
There is no agreed definition of either.
But Mr Gill, former UKIP Wales leader, told BBC Wales: "There's only one type of Brexit - you leave or you stay."
He says Britain has to leave the single market and the customs union "otherwise we haven't left - it has to be that way".
"We have to give the public some credit. They understood these things," Mr Gill said.
He suggested that anything else would be a "con".
Andrew RT Davies- another leading Brexit campaigner - told BBC Wales last year he suffered "brutal" treatment from senior Tory party figures after he announced his preference for leaving the EU.
In an interview he said said his family "received quite a bit of abuse around the decision that I took".
Paralympic champions Jonnie Peacock, Hannah Cockroft, Richard Whitehead and Kadeena Cox are in the Great Britain squad for next month's World Para-Athletics Championships in London.
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A prominent Welsh Labour EU supporter has said the public largely do not understand what is meant by the terms "soft" or "hard" Brexit.