John Swinney said the tool would help "all of our children to succeed".
The resource details examples from around Scotland which have improved the wellbeing and learning of children in the classroom.
Approaches include parent questionnaires, a family breakfast club and a walk-to-school programme.
Mr Swinney said: The information now available gives teachers and school leaders access to effective interventions based on practice examples from around Scotland.
"This suite of materials will be developed further in the coming weeks and months to include successful approaches based on the best available international evidence as we work with the Education Endowment Foundation to develop a Scottish specific version of their highly-regarded Teaching and Learning toolkit."
The online resource will be added to in the coming weeks.
Bill Maxwell, chief executive of Education Scotland, hoped the tool would help schools make decisions about closing the attainment gap between their "most and least disadvantaged children".
He added: "The interventions highlighted in this resource represent the wide range of different approaches which have been developed in Scotland, and which have proved to be effective.
"Education Scotland has a key role in ensuring that schools have easy access to evidence about 'what works' as they plan to address the priorities of the Scottish Attainment Challenge and the National Improvement Framework."

Fourth seed Muguruza went into the match having won only three times on clay this season, but she cruised through the first set.
Italian Schiavone, 36, won three games in a row to lead the second set but Muguruza fought back to win.
Muguruza will face Estonia's Anett Kontaveit in the second round.
"I cannot believe in the first round we have two ex-champions. Not only that but Francesca is a legend and I was very excited to play on Philippe Chatrier court with her," said Muguruza.
Muguruza defeated Serena Williams to win her maiden Grand Slam title a year ago, but the 23-year-old needs to return to the final to stay in the world's top 10.
"I know I played good here before, but that doesn't make me extra confident this year. I have to play well to earn that confidence again," she said.
Schiavone, who is 37 in June, played in the tournament for the final time before her retirement at the end of the year.
Caroline Wozniacki had to fight hard to beat Australian Jaimee Fourlis 6-4 3-6 6-2.
Wildcard Fourlis, aged 17 and at 337 the lowest-ranked player in the main draw, pushed the 11th seeded Dane in the second set.
But Wozniacki, who had to retire during last week's Strasbourg tournament because of a lower-back injury, regained control in the deciding set.

National Grid and WPP shed 5.08% and 3.46% respectively after ending dividend payments to shareholders.
Overall, the benchmark FTSE 100 share index was down 91.22 points, or 1.31%, at 6859.24.
Outside the 100-share index, price comparison websites Moneysupermarket and Zoopla fell 9.9% and 5.32% on fears of a competition probe.
Energy watchdog Ofgem says it is looking into "whether two or more companies providing a supporting service for the energy industry have breached competition law".
Low-cost airline Easyjet was among the top gainers, rising 0.63% on the strength of its latest passenger numbers.
The airline said it carried 7.2% more passengers in May than in the same month in 2014.
On the currency markets, the pound rose 0.13% against the dollar to $1.53600 and 0.22% against the euro to â‚¬1.36370.
An online education resource showcasing the best way to increase attainment in Scotland's schools has been launched by the country's education secretary.
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Spain's Garbine Muguruza started the defence of her French Open title by beating 2010 champion Francesca Schiavone 6-2 6-4.
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(Close): London's leading shares closed lower on Thursday dragged down by companies going ex-dividend.