The FA said it is alleged Ferdinand "used abusive and/or insulting words and/or behaviour towards a match official in or around the tunnel area."
QPR had two strong penalty claims turned down by referee Craig Pawson.
The ex-Hoops striker has until 18:00 GMT on 13 March to respond.
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QPR remain without a win at home under head coach Chris Ramsey, who was appointed to replace Harry Redknapp on 13 February.
The QPR boss was said he was "very disappointed" with the defeat by Spurs which kept his side three points adrift of safety.
After the game Ramsey complained about two penalty appeals - one of which was when Mauricio Isla went down under a challenge from Tottenham goalkeeper Hugo Lloris, and in a separate incident Spurs midfielder Nabil Bentaleb appeared to block Charlie Austin's shot on goal with his hands.
Ramsey told BBC's Match of the Day: "We thought we deserved at least a point from the game, [there were] two controversial incidents that we need clarification on.
"We're going to need to take a look at those and we hope they don't cost us at the end of the season. We realise the referees have a difficult job and sometimes they go against you."

Govia Thameslink (GTR), parent company of Southern rail, paid £2,233,000 in 2015-16, which it said was about 50% more that in 2014-15.
The company went on to face further disruption this year, with months of strikes in a row over guards' roles and high sickness levels on Southern.
Compensation figures for 2016-17 have not yet been released.
Last December, consumer group Which? lodged a "super complaint" amid claims the system for obtaining compensation for delayed journeys was too complicated.
The rail regulator, the Office of Rail and Road (ORR), also made a number of recommendations to the industry - such as raising awareness of what compensation was available and making claim forms easier to understand.
Independent watchdog Transport Focus has found the proportion of people claiming compensation has nearly trebled over three years, from 12% in 2013 to 35% this year.
The ORR's deputy director for consumers, Stephanie Tobyn, called for continued progress and said: "More needs to be done."
Rail minister Paul Maynard said: "Passengers need to know that they will be compensated fairly.
"We have been working with partners in the rail industry to ensure passengers are aware of their right to recompense for disruption and, at the same time, we are making the claim process simpler and swifter so that it is easier and more attractive to apply."
Data released by the government and Network Rail also showed GTR received more than £22m from Network Rail in compensation for disruption, but GTR said those payments had gone to the government.
The Rail Delivery Group, which represents train operators, said Network Rail's payments were "entirely separate" from those made to passengers.
The net payment received by the rail company from Network Rail was £22,444,616.71.
QPR director of football Les Ferdinand has been been charged by the Football Association after allegedly abusing a match official following his side's 2-1 home defeat to Tottenham.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A troubled rail firm paid over £2m in compensation last year for disruption to passengers, figures have shown.