A report to its executive committee seeks approval to get the process under way during this school year.
The local authority is carrying out the review against a background of "ongoing financial challenges".
However, it stressed that it was not simply about making savings but also delivering benefits.
But what are some of the key issues to be addressed?
Councillors are being recommended to start statutory consultation on the closure of three schools in the region.
Eccles/Leitholm Primary, Ettrick Primary and Hobkirk Primary have already been mothballed.
A full report on their position is likely to be delivered later this year.
The viability and provision of the existing four Roman Catholic schools in the Borders has been a "considerable challenge for the council over a number of years".
In 2012, one head teacher was put in place for all of  them.
Now the authority hopes to carry out further informal consultation on the best way forward.
It would consider school leadership structures, the continuation of provision in four locations, staff recruitment and the quality of education.
The council is proposing to engage with all its rural schools with less than 50 pupils over the sustainability of those numbers.
Staff will attend parent council meetings at the schools involved.
Discussion on the future of education provision in the towns of Jedburgh, Eyemouth, Hawick and Galashiels is also planned.
Phase one of the review would also see a Selkirk schools catchment review involving Yarrow, Kirkhope, Philiphaugh and Knowepark Primaries.
The second phase, to start in the following school year, would look at the Berwickshire, Earlston, Kelso and Peebles school clusters.
A review of school transport policy has also been promised before the end of 2017/18.
Councillor Sandy Aitchison said: "The principle of the school estate review is to look at our buildings and locations with a view to increasing educational opportunities, improving outcomes for children and young people and ensuring that our school estate is sustainable, affordable and suitable for the future.
"The pre-consultation with parents, pupils and communities has given us a 'warts and all' assessment of our schools from these key stakeholders.
"Going forward, these views will be taken into account in the next stage of our discussions and in the formal proposals we will take out to public consultation.
"The school estate review as a whole, and the actions identified following the specific consultations to take place, are not going to be an overnight process and we are committed to fully engaging with parents, pupils, staff and wider community as we progress with the review over the coming months and years."

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) says GSK made more than £50m of payments to companies making generic versions of its anti-depressant Seroxat to delay them coming to market.
GSK has been fined £37,606,275 and the generic firms have to pay £7.4m.
But GSK says its actions actually saved the NHS money and brought the generic drugs to the market sooner.
The other companies fined were Generics UK, Merck, Alpharma, Activis UK and Xellia Pharmaceuticals.
The CMA found that between 2002 and 2004, GSK had made agreements to pay cash to its competitors to prevent them bringing the generic version of Seroxat, called paroxetine, to market.
In addition to the cash payments, the CMA said the deals allowed the competitors to bring small amounts of paroxetine to market instead of GSK, transferring some of the profits to the generic manufacturers without increasing competition.
Michael Grenfell from the CMA said: "Today's decision sends out a strong message that we will tackle illegal behaviour that is designed to stifle competition at the expense of customers - in this case, the NHS and, ultimately, taxpayers."
But GSK said it disagreed with the ruling and was considering appealing.
"GSK and the generics companies entered into these agreements at the time in order to settle costly, complex and uncertain patent disputes," its spokesperson said.
"The agreements allowed the generics companies to enter the market early with a paroxetine product and ultimately enabled a saving of over £15m to the NHS."
The CMA pointed out that after generic paroxetine entered the market properly at the end of 2013, average prices for the drug fell more than 70% in two years.
Scottish Borders Council is set to start the first phase of a wide-ranging overhaul of its schools provision across the region.
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Pharmaceutical firm GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and some generics companies have been fined for being anti-competitive.