The women were serving as medics at a field hospital in western Aleppo. A mortar struck the hospital on Monday.
A Russian paediatrician seriously wounded in that attack also received the medal.
A fifth Order of Courage went to a Russian colonel wounded elsewhere.
Russia is helping Syrian state forces.
The Kremlin named the five decorated with the Order of Courage for their service in Syria as:
Russia's Tass news agency lists Russia's combat losses so far in the Syria conflict as: 21 military personnel, three helicopters and an Su-24 bomber.
A special forces officer - Senior Lt Alexander Prokhorenko - "died heroically" in March near Palmyra, the Russian government said. He was decorated as a national hero for having called in an air strike against so-called Islamic State (IS) militants, who had surrounded him.
Russia's "anti-terrorism" operation in support of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria began on 30 September 2015.
Russia has mostly carried out intensive air strikes in Syria - including with cruise missiles fired from warships. But Russian special forces and military advisers are also helping Syrian government troops on the ground.
According to a Reuters investigation, Russian private contractors or mercenaries are also fighting in Syria, in support of the official military contingent.

Police have been searching the site in Milton, Cambridgeshire, for five weeks.
Despite a high-profile missing persons campaign, it is thought by police he ended up in a bin lorry.
Mr Mckeague's father Martin said it was "breathtaking" to see how much waste officers have combed through.
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He has been to the site five times and is staying in a nearby campsite with his wife Trish.
"It's heartbreaking to think when you are there Corrie could be under foot," he said.
"Everything leads to Corrie being there and when I'm looking at and watching these guys rake through, I know the police wouldn't be here going through all these tonnes of rubbish if they didn't expect Corrie to be there."
Mr Mckeague, from Dunfermline in Fife, vanished while on a night out in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, on 24 September.
He was last seen on CCTV at about 03:25 BST.
A bin lorry collected refuse a short time later from the area the RAF Honington gunner was last seen.
Suffolk Police said officers were trawling through 60 tonnes a day at the site in Milton, near Cambridge.
The search is now in its fifth week and is expected to take up to 10.
Five Russian soldiers have received the "Order of Courage" from President Vladimir Putin, including a colonel and two women sergeants killed by Syrian rebel shelling of Aleppo.
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The father of missing airman Corrie Mckeague, who is camping near a landfill site as police search for a body, said it is "heartbreaking" to think his son is buried there.