The banned cult was responsible for a deadly sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995, which killed 13 people and injured 5,000.
Ten people were detained in the St Petersburg raids, Itar-Tass news agency says. Forty-four Russians expelled from Montenegro are also being investigated.
Aum leader Shoko Asahara and 12 other cultists got death sentences in Japan.
The Russian raids targeted the homes and places of worship of suspected Aum cultists.
Russian prosecutors say the cult has been pressurising people for donations. They suspect it has up to 30,000 followers in Russia.
Aum Shinrikyo began as a spiritual group mixing Hindu and Buddhist beliefs but became a paranoid doomsday cult obsessed with Armageddon.
Some 189 Aum cultists have been put on trial in Japan. Their leader Shoko Asahara was sentenced to death in 2004 and remains on death row.

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31 March 2014 Last updated at 12:30 BST
It will be able to issue warning and banning orders against agents acting dishonestly or breaching estate agent laws.
The move follows a decision by the UK government to disband the OFT.
Powys won the competitive bidding process to deliver the service in place of the OFT and will receive Â£170,000 a year to carry out the work.
People complaining about estate agents will still contact their local authority trading standards department, who will prosecute offenders if necessary.
However they will refer cases to Powys if they believe parts of the Estate Agents Act have been breached.
James Munro from Powys council, who will lead the new team, has said he hopes it will show Powys could take on more contracts and outside work in future.
He spoke to Radio Wales' Good Morning Wales' Peter Johnson about what the new role will involve.

Jersey-based collector David Gainsborough-Roberts, 73, spent his life collecting a variety of memorabilia from famous people.
Last year he sold his entire Marilyn Monroe collection, making Â£1.5m which he said would go to charity.
Mr Gainsborough-Roberts was born in Buxton, Derbyshire, and died in Jersey on Saturday.
His collection focused on popular history of the 19th and 20th Century, and included keys and coats from the Titanic; Winston Churchill's Stetson hat; and guns owned by Billy the Kid. He even had a pair of Queen Victoria's knickers.
He would tell friends and family that making money from his collection was never the point. He told his friend Murray Norton that "the point is they have a story attached to them".
Mr Norton said his fame stretched far and wide but he would always make time for people.
"If you went to America people would know David Gainsborough-Roberts because he was a regular on the Joan Rivers Show.
"He was known throughout the world. He would give talks in far flung places from Germany to California," Mr Norton said.
Friends have described him as a kind and generous man with a lot of character and enthusiasm.

Mr Tshibala will be leader until presidential elections later this year.
He was expelled from Congo's largest opposition party, the UDPS, last month after contesting the designation of successors to veteran leader Etienne Tshisekedi who died in February.
Mr Tshibala's appointment is likely to further divide Mr Kabila's opponents.
Talks to negotiate his exit from power broke down last week.
Mr Kabila was supposed to step down after his second and final five-year term came to an end last year but the vote to replace him was not held.
The electoral commission cited financial and logistical difficulties.
The arrogance of power
The failure to organise the polls led to a wave of deadly demonstrations by opposition supporters, with calls from diplomats for the president to respect the constitution.
The Roman Catholic Church stepped in to broker a deal at the end of 2016 which outlined the creation of a transitional government that would oversee the elections.
But the deal collapsed because the government and the opposition were unable to agree on the power-sharing mechanism under the arrangement.
The country of 71 million people has not had a peaceful transfer of power since its independence from Belgium in 1960.
Russian police have raided 25 premises in Moscow and St Petersburg linked to the Japanese Aum Shinrikyo cult.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Powys council is to take over the role of regulating Britain's estate agents from the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) from 1 April.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
One of the biggest collectors of Marilyn Monroe memorabilia has died following a short illness.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Democratic Republic of Congo President Joseph Kabila has appointed Bruno Tshibala as the new prime minister of the power-sharing government.