Michael Coe, 35, saw the two 16-year-olds hugging in the street in Newham, east London, in April and demanded to know if they were Muslims.
Southwark Crown Court heard the Muslim convert then called the girl a "whore", before throwing the boy to the ground.
Coe also attacked a passing teacher who had tried to help the couple.
Judge Michael Gledhill QC said the two children had denied they were Muslim when challenged by Coe.
"Why? Because they were frightened of what you would do if they told you the truth, that they were in fact Muslim," Jude Gledhill said.
He added: "At the time of these offences you either held extremist views or views that were getting very close to extremist views."
Coe had admitted "shoving" the boy - who is half his size - claiming he was acting in self-defence, but was convicted in August of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and battery.
The court heard the father of two was radicalised in prison by al-Qaeda terrorist Dhiren Barot in 2007 while serving an eight-year term for firing a shotgun at police during an arrest.
Coe was also convicted of religiously aggravated harassment in 2013 after seeing a Muslim woman talking to a group of men and telling her that it was against Islam.
The defendant, also known as Mikaeel Ibrahim, became a close associate of convicted hate preacher Choudary, founder of the banned organisation al-Muhajiroun, of which Coe was a member.
Prosecutor Jonathan Polnay read a victim impact statement from the boy.
"He feels the offence has affected his life quite a lot," My Polnay said. "He doesn't see his friends outside of school.
"He has also split up with the girl who was his girlfriend at the time."

Georg Niedermeier's own goal gave Pep Guardiola's side a half-time lead, which David Alaba doubled.
Daniel Didavi fired into the top corner for Stuttgart, but Douglas Costa's long-range shot sealed Bayern's win.
Borussia Dortmund, in second, can cut the gap to five points with a win at Schalke on Sunday.
Bayern need a maximum of 11 points from their final five league matches to secure the title for Guardiola before he leaves to join Manchester City at the end of the season.
The Bayern boss rotated his squad with Wednesday's Champions League quarter-final second leg trip to Benfica in mind, beginning with Thomas Muller, Philipp Lahm, Costa and Thiago on the bench.
But he brought on Muller after just 27 minutes, concerned that Chile midfielder Arturo Vidal was in danger of getting sent off after making two reckless challenges and collecting an early booking.
Stuttgart captain Niedermeier scored at the wrong end as he stretched to prevent Franck Ribery's cross reaching Robert Lewandowski.
Austria international Alaba added another early in the second half, showing neat footwork before beating goalkeeper Przemyslaw Tyton at the near post.
Didavi, Stuttgart's leading scorer, improvised superbly to pull a goal back with just under half-an-hour left as he hooked the ball past Manuel Neuer while on the ground for his 11th of the season, but Costa's 25-yard drive ended hopes of a comeback.
Augsburg moved out of the bottom three as they came from a goal behind to win 2-1 at Werder Bremen, who dropped into the relegation play-off place.
Alfred Finnbogason and Hong Jeong-ho scored for the visitors after Florian Grillitsch's first goal of the season had put Bremen in front just before half-time.
Hoffenheim are three points above Bremen after a third victory in four games as they won 2-0 at next-to-bottom at Eintracht Frankfurt.
Darmstadt improved their survival chances with a 2-1 win at Hamburg, while Ingolstadt are eighth thanks to a 1-0 victory over Borussia Monchengladbach.
An associate of convicted hate preacher Anjem Choudary has been jailed for 28 months for knocking a boy unconscious because he was cuddling a girl.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Bayern Munich edged closer to a fourth successive Bundesliga title as they restored their eight-point lead with victory at Stuttgart.