The jury ruled that neither sheriff's officials nor jailers committed a crime in their treatment of Bland.
It has not yet been determined whether the police officer who arrested her should face charges, a prosecutor said.
The 28-year-old African-American was arrested after a confrontation with a policeman who had pulled her car over. She was found dead three days later.
In recent years, the deaths of black Americans in police custody have caused much debate and protests in the US.
Police say that Ms Bland hanged herself while being held in the Waller County jail.
The family have denied that she was suicidal and have accused the jail of being "reckless" in disregarding her safety and failing to keep her free from harm.
The Waller County grand jury would return in January to consider whether to indict police officer Brian Encinia, who arrested Ms Bland in July, prosecutor Darrell Jordan said.
A video of the arrest shows Mr Encinia giving Ms Bland a warning. The situation quickly escalates, with Mr Encinia appearing to threaten Ms Bland after she refuses to get out of her car.
He unsuccessfully tries to pull her out and tells her "I will light you up".
Ms Bland's family has alleged Mr Encinia falsified an assault allegation to take her into custody.
An attorney representing Ms Bland's family, Cannon Lambert, said on Monday that the grand jury's decision was consistent with what the family believed was an attempt by authorities to cover up the events surrounding Ms Bland's death.
"They continue to do things we are disappointed in," he said.
Ms Bland's sister Shante Needham has said Sandra had called her from jail, saying she did not know why she had been arrested and that an officer had possibly broken her arm.
Ms Bland died by asphyxiation after using a plastic bag to hang herself in her cell, according to Waller County District Attorney Elton Mathias.
Video footage from the jail did not show what happened inside Ms Bland's cell, but did suggest no-one entered or left it until someone found her unconscious.
Mr Mathis has said there is nothing in that investigation "that shows anything happened but she killed herself".

Local reports from the southern resort island of Phuket say a British man died after turning a pistol on himself.
The Foreign Office (FO) could not confirm the reports.
An FO spokesman said: "We are urgently working with the authorities in Thailand to establish whether a British national has died in Phuket."
The Bangkok Post, quoted a taxi driver who said the man had hailed him near a local resort and asked to be taken somewhere where he could shoot. He had shown no signs of stress while in the taxi, the driver said.

The man, who is in his 50s, also sustained a suspected broken leg in the first attack on Castle Street at about 18:45 BST on Saturday.
Police said he was taken to hospital after a row on a garage forecourt.
A short time later, another man and a woman were assaulted in licensed premises on Castle Street.
Detectives have appealed for anyone who witnessed the attacks to contact police.
A grand jury has decided not to indict anyone in the case of Sandra Bland, who died in a Texas jail earlier this year.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
The Foreign Office says it is urgently investigating reports that a British man has died at a shooting range in Thailand.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A man's eye socket has been broken and two other people have received minor injuries during two assaults in Ballycastle, County Antrim.