Mr Zhou is the latest in a string of high-profile businessmen in the country to temporarily disappear.
Metersbonwe suspended trading in its shares over his unaccounted absence.
Chinese media reports have speculated he has been picked up by the police as part of Beijing's anti-corruption drive.
Zhou Chengjian has been named as the country's 62nd richest person by wealth publisher Hurun, attributing a fortune of $4.1 bn to him.
Starting out as a tailor, he build Shanghai-based Metersbonwe into one of China's biggest and best-known clothing companies.
A company statement said it could reach neither the chairman nor his secretary.
Metersbonwe also halted trading of its shares "to protect investors' interests".
His disappearance comes only weeks after Guo Guangchang, chairman of private sector conglomerate Fosun, temporarily went missing.
Fosun operates in sectors from steel and mining to pharmaceuticals. In 2015 it acquired the French vacation resort company Club Med.
Chinese media reports on links between the disappearance of businessmen and the authorities sweeping anti-corruption campaign remain unconfirmed.
In the case of Mr Guo, he reappeared after several days and according to his company had been "assisting in certain investigations carried out by judiciary authorities".

The ex-Lib Dem MP and ex-wife Vicky Pryce were both jailed after she took his speeding points in 2003.
Some 360 former MPs were granted passes for the Parliamentary estate, according to the Press Association's FOI request.
Labour MP John Mann said Huhne should not have been given the pass.
Mr Mann said: "I do not think someone who has committed a criminal offence that has meant they went to prison should get privileged access to the Houses of Parliament.
"Let them queue with the general public if they want to get in."
Huhne and Pryce both served two months of an eight-month sentence.
Huhne had quit the Cabinet and stood down as Eastleigh MP after pleading guilty.
Speaking after his release, he said prison had been "a humbling and sobering experience".
Also on the passholders list was ex-Conservative minister Jonathan Aitken, who was jailed in 1999 for perjury and perverting the course of justice, and Derek Conway, who had the Conservative whip withdrawn and then stepped down as an MP after his employment of his son was heavily criticised.

The price of West Texas crude sank to $37.65 (Â£24.99) a barrel, a drop of 5.8%, while Brent Crude fell 5.3% to $40.73 a barrel.
The slumping price comes as OPEC - a group of the largest oil producing nations- refused to cut oil production.
OPEC- whose production covers about 30% of the world's oil demand - met in Vienna last week to discuss production.
The group has faced growing competition from new supplies, including in the US where techniques like fracking are used to tap previously hard-to-reach oil reserves.
"The decision by OPEC members to keep oil production output at record high levels has seen oil prices plummet again," said Sanjiv Shah, chief investment officer of Sun Global Investments.
The group had traditionally kept a tight rein on oil production to regulate price, but announced last Friday it will continue to pump out approximately 31.5 million barrels of oil a day, going past the group's former 30 million barrel target.
In 2014 Saudi Arabia led OPEC in a decision to keep output high to defend its market share.
Chinese billionaire Zhou Chengjian of one of China's biggest fashion chains, Metersbonwe, has gone missing, the company confirmed.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Former Energy Secretary Chris Huhne - who was jailed for perverting the course of justice in 2013 - has been granted a Commons pass, a Freedom of Information Act request has revealed.
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The price of oil fell to its lowest level since 2009 as global production continues to remain high.