It says the overnight operation took place in Nowzad district in Helmand province. Two insurgents were killed and many were detained in the raid.
It came amid the Taliban's annual spring offensive, which has seen heavy fighting in Helmand.
In December a similar operation led to the release of 40 people.
The latest mission was carried out under the cover of darkness by the Ktah Khas, Afghanistan's counter-terrorism unit and commando forces, the statement said.
Nato said its troops had "supported their Afghan partners in a train, advise and assist role".
The statement gave no details about the liberated prisoners, who are said to have been taken to Kandahar to be debriefed.
The Afghan forces did not sustain any casualties in the raid, Nato added.
Correspondents say the operation is rare success for Afghan forces who have been put on the back foot by Taliban advances in Helmand.
The Taliban have made gains since international troops withdrew from an active fighting role in 2014.
Nato forces are increasingly being deployed in battle zones to support Afghan forces fighting the Taliban.
Last year, the number of people killed and wounded in the conflict rose to the highest level yet recorded, the UN recently said.

The pensioner was found by her son when he arrived to visit her in Townhill Road, Hamilton, on Sunday morning.
Police said she had been unable to get up from the floor or call for help after a man forced his way into her home and attacked her.
The assault happened at about 19:00 on Saturday. The man also stole cash.
The suspect was thought to be in his 50s or 60s and was wearing a dark, hooded top and trousers.
The woman was taken to Hairmyres Hospital in East Kilbride on Sunday where she is in a stable condition.
Officers are checking CCTV and speaking to local residents in the area.
Det Insp David Cockburn said: "Despite the significant inquiries carried out by our officers so far, the man responsible for this horrendous incident has not been caught.
"It is absolutely crucial that we speak to anyone who was in the surrounding area on Saturday evening who may have seen anything suspicious.
"No matter how minor you may think your information is, please let us be the judge of that as it could prove to be vital to our investigation."
A three-figure sum of money was taken from the house.
Afghan special forces have freed more than 60 people held by the Taliban in a makeshift jail in the south of the country, Nato says.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
An 86-year-old woman was left on the floor of her South Lanarkshire home overnight after being assaulted in a "horrendous" attack.'