Dervite, 28, made 14 appearances last season to help Wanderers finish second in League One and secure promotion.
The French centre-back joined Bolton from Charlton in 2014 and has made 83 appearances in all competitions.
"Dorian was a bit of a forgotten man last year but came in and made an excellent contribution towards the end of the campaign," manager Phil Parkinson told the club website.
Dervite follows David Wheater, Gary Madine and Jem Karacan in signing new contracts with Bolton, following their promotion to the Championship.

Dyfed-Powys Police took to social media on Tuesday to ask for help in tracing Rebecca, saying officers were "very concerned for her".
The force said the mother and child were found in the early hours of Wednesday.
A spokesman said it was thanks to the public response on Facebook.
"Our communities' response to this appeal was significant, with over 1,000 Facebook shares achieved in the first hour and with all parts of Pembrokeshire covered according to the comments posted by our concerned followers," he added.
Defender Dorian Dervite has signed a new one-year contract with Bolton.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
A missing woman and her baby in Pembrokeshire have been found safe and well after a police Facebook appeal was widely shared.