Kent closed on 288-5, a lead of 437, opting not to set Essex a target.
Essex earlier were bowled out for 292, avoiding the follow-on by one run.
Kent were reduced to 40-4 but Northeast shared an unbroken 185 with Will Gidman (63 not out) as runners-up Kent batted through the remainder of the day.
The hosts had already secured the six points that guaranteed second place, a promotion spot in any other season.
In reality, the prospects of a result were slim as soon as David Masters and Matt Dixon scored the three runs Essex needed to avoid the follow-on, with Dixon then out from the very next ball.
Even when Kent slipped to 40-4 and 103-5, it never seemed likely that Essex would be able to force victory without the aid of a declaration.
Northeast, an immovable figure, ensured as much, the only excitement coming when he took 30 off one Kishen Velani over - three fours and three sixes.
The final over was bowled by retiring Essex seamer David Masters, the 38-year-old ending his first-class career with 672 wickets from 202 matches.
He was given a guard of honour that included England Test captain Alastair Cook as he left the field.

Silcox Coaches is a private coach hire and tour operator with bases in Pembroke Dock and Tenby, and has a contract with Pembrokeshire council to provide school transport.
Letters have been sent home to staff this week explaining the situation and that a buyer is being sought.
Silcox has been asked for a comment.
It is understood customers enquiring about trips they have booked have been told the company has taken this action in order to protect the business as it seeks a new owner.
The company was founded in 1882 and has run bus services around Pembrokeshire since 1932.  It is also one of the main suppliers for local sport teams.
Pembrokeshire council said it was waiting to hear how a potential sale of Silcox would affect school transport.
A council spokesman said: "We are aware of the possible restructuring of the company and we will work with all interested parties.
"We anticipate a clearer picture of the situation emerging next week."
He added: "At this time, Silcox continues to operate and the council will continue to pay the company for the work it is carrying out in accordance with our contractual obligations."
Sam Northeast made 178 not out as his Kent side batted out a tame draw against County Championship Division Two champions Essex on the final day of the season at Canterbury.
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About 100 jobs could be at risk at a Pembrokeshire coach company which intends to file for administration, BBC Wales understands.