Cycling's governing body the UCI found the 19-year-old's spare bike contained a motor at January's Cyclo-cross World Championships in Belgium.
Van den Driessche has also been fined 20,000 Swiss francs (£14,000) and been ordered to pay legal costs.
The former European Under-23 champion must also return all her medals.
The result of the World Championship race, the women's under-23 race won by Great Britain's Evie Richards, is not affected.
Scanning of bikes in UCI competitions has been introduced in recent years, but Van den Driessche's was the first found to contain a concealed motor.
There were 274 bikes scanned at the Track Cycling World Championships in London in March.
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UCI regulations, which were recently strengthened, state that a rider is given a minimum suspension of six months and a fine of up to 200,000 Swiss francs (£141,000) for an offence of "technological fraud", while coaches, mechanics and other officials could also be sanctioned.
Van den Driessche was competing during the women's under-23 race at the Cyclo-cross World Championships. The motor was hidden, along with a battery, in the tube below the saddle. It was controlled by a Bluetooth switch installed underneath the handlebar tape.
She has denied suggestions she deliberately cheated, saying the bike was not hers.
"It was my friend's and was identical to mine. This friend went around the course Saturday before dropping off the bike in the truck. A mechanic, thinking it was my bike, cleaned it and prepared it for my race," she told Belgian television in January.

The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration closed its investigation after it found no evidence of a defect in the vehicle.
Joshua Brown was killed when his car collided with a lorry while operating in Autopilot mode.
Tesla has stated Autopilot is only designed to assist drivers, who must keep their hands on the wheel.
The feature is intended to be used on the motorway, where it lets cars automatically change lanes and react to traffic.
The NHTSA report said data from the car showed that "the driver took no braking, steering or other actions to avoid the collision".
Bryan Thomas from the NHSTA said the driver should have been able to see the lorry for seven seconds, which "should have been enough time to take some action".
The investigation did not find any evidence that the car's systems "did not perform as designed".
However, Mr Thomas said there was "industry-wide" concern about the way driver-assistance features were explained and advertised to customers.
"These systems require continual and full attention of the driver," he said.
"It's not enough to put [information] in the owner's manual and hope drivers are going to read that.
"Manufacturers must anticipate how drivers would use the functionality, and that some don't read the manual."
He said systems should be designed with the "inattentive driver" in mind.
The NHTSA said it would continue to monitor the safety of Autopilot and would take further action if necessary.
Mr Thomas warned manufacturers that if safety defects were found in semi-autonomous cars, they would have to be recalled, even if the vehicles were capable of receiving over-the-air software updates.
Following the closure of the investigation, Tesla's chief executive Elon Musk tweeted that the report was "very positive".

The supporters had been on a stadium tour but managed to cut themselves off from the remainder of the party.
They were found on Saturday morning during a security sweep of the stadium before being handed over to police, who decided not to arrest the pair.
United say there was no risk to supporters attending the Arsenal game.
The pair had been searched and their belongings put through a metal detector before they went on the tour.
The incident comes six months after United's Premier League game against Bournemouth at Old Trafford had to be called off at short notice when a suspect package was found in a toilet in the corner of the stadium.
It turned out to be a fake explosive left behind after a training exercise earlier in the week.
Belgian rider Femke van den Driessche has been suspended for six years in the first proven case of mechanical doping in cycling.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Tesla will not be ordered to recall its semi-autonomous cars in the US, following a fatal crash in May 2016.
[NEXT_CONCEPT]
Two Manchester United fans spent Friday night undetected in an Old Trafford toilet in an attempt to see Saturday's Premier League game against Arsenal.