1665 in England
Events from the year 1665 in England. Incumbents
 Monarch – Charles II
 Parliament – Cavalier

Events
 4 March – beginning of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. 6 March – the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London begins publication, the first scientific journal in English and the oldest to be continuously published. 7 March – HMS London accidentally explodes in the Thames Estuary killing 300 with only 24 survivors. March – 15-year-old Nell Gwyn makes her first definitely recorded appearance as an actress on the London stage, in John Dryden's heroic drama The Indian Emperour, having previously been a theatre orange-seller. 12 April – the first recorded victim of the Great Plague of London dies. Over the summer it is thought to have spread as far as Derby and on 6 September the first plague death takes place in the Derbyshire village of Eyam. 19 May – Great Fire of Newport, Shropshire. 3 June (13 June N.S.) – Second Anglo-Dutch War: English naval victory at the Battle of Lowestoft. 12 June – the city of New Amsterdam in the Province of New York is reincorporated as New York, named after James, Duke of York, and the first Mayor appointed. 7 July – the King and court leave London to avoid the plague, moving first to Salisbury, then (from 25 September) Oxford. 2 August – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch naval victory at the Battle of Vågen off Norway. 21 September – consecration of new chapel at Pembroke College, Cambridge, Christopher Wren's first completed work of architecture. 9 October – the Cavalier Parliament assembles in Oxford to avoid the Plague in London. 31 October – Parliament passes the Five Mile Act preventing non-conformist ministers from coming within five miles of incorporated towns or the place of their former livings. 7 November – The London Gazette begins publication as The Oxford Gazette. Great Fire of Rolvenden, Kent. Royal Navy Dockyard established at Sheerness for storage and refitting. 