<unk>  is a fibrin degradation product.<unk>  levels are elevated in the plasma after the acute formation of a blood clot. The majority of patients with pulmonary embolism have some degree of endogenous fibrinolysis with  an elevation in<unk>  levels, therefore there is a high negative predictive value in ruling out a pulmonary embolism when<unk>  levels are low. However a wide range of diseases are associated with mild degree of fibrinolysis which elevate<unk>  levels and contribute towards a reduced specificity and a poor positive predictive value of a high<unk>  level. This means that it is more likely that one can rule out a PE with a low<unk>  level, but cannot necessarily confirm the diagnosis of a PE based on a high<unk>  level. Other disease states  that can also have a high<unk>  level include pneumonia, congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial infarction (MI) and malignancy. False-negative values may occur in patients with prolonged symptoms of venous thromboembolism (≥14 days), patients on therapeutic heparin therapy, and patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis on oral anticoagulation, as these patients have will have low<unk>  levels in the presence of a PE.
D-dimer
TIMI
Fibrin degradation product
Troponin T
FibroTest
Troponin I
Peak flow meter
Troponin