Some beta blockers (e.g. oxprenolol, pindolol, penbutolol and acebutolol) exhibit<unk>  <unk> .  These agents are capable of exerting low level agonist<unk>  at the β-adrenergic receptor while simultaneously acting as a receptor site antagonist. These agents, therefore, may be useful in individuals exhibiting excessive bradycardia with sustained beta blocker therapy.
Agents with<unk>  are not used in post-myocardial infarction as they have not been demonstrated to be beneficial. They may also be less effective than other beta blockers in the management of angina and tachyarrhythmia.
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Digoxin effect
Steric effects
Sensor induced tachycardia
Coronary vasospasm
Starvation pathophysiology
Cardiomyopathy pathophysiology
Ventricular remodeling