CMO type I deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the penultimate biochemical step of aldosterone biosynthesis, the<unk> -hydroxylation of corticosterone (B) to<unk> -hydroxycorticosterone <unk> -OHB). This enzymatic defect results in decreased aldosterone and salt-wasting. In CMO I deficiency, aldosterone is undetectable, whereas its immediate precursor,<unk> -OHB, is low or normal. These patients have an increased ratio of corticosterone to<unk> -OHB.
The CYP11B2 gene product also catalyzes the final step in aldosterone biosynthesis: the<unk> -oxidation of<unk> -OHB to aldosterone. A defect in that enzymatic step results in CMO type II deficiency, an allelic disorder with an overlapping phenotype but distinct biochemical features. In CMO II deficiency, aldosterone can be low or normal, but at the expense of increased secretion of<unk> -OHB. These patients have a low ratio of corticosterone to<unk> -OHB.
Aldosterone synthase (or<unk> -hydroxylase) is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. This protein is primarily expressed in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.  Within the cell, it localizes to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The enzyme has steroid<unk> -hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and<unk> -oxocortisol as well as steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. Mutations in this gene cause corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency. It converts 11-deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone, to<unk> -hydroxycorticosterone, and finally to aldosterone
18-Hydroxylase deficiency
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
21-hydroxylase deficiency
17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
11β-hydroxylase deficiency