<unk>  is the momentary delay (or lag) in the<unk>  constant of a material. This is usually caused by the delay in molecular polarization with respect to a changing electric field in a<unk>  medium (e.g. inside capacitors or between two large conducting surfaces).<unk>  in changing electric fields could be considered analogous to hysteresis in changing magnetic fields (for inductors or transformers).<unk>  in general is a delay or lag in the response of a linear system, and therefore<unk>  is measured relative to the expected linear steady state (equilibrium)<unk>  values. The time lag between electrical field and polarization implies an irreversible degradation of free energy(G).
In physics,<unk>  refers to the<unk>  response of a<unk>  medium to an external electric field of microwave frequencies. This<unk>  is often described in terms of permittivity as a function of frequency, which can, for ideal systems, be described by the Debye equation. On the other hand, the distortion related to ionic and electronic polarization shows behavior of the resonance or oscillator type. The character of the distortion process depends on the structure, composition, and surroundings of the sample.
The number of possible wavelengths of emitted radiation due to<unk>  can be equated using  Hemmings 1st Law
n: number of different possible wavelengths of emitted radiation
l: number of energy levels (inc. ground level)
Dielectric relaxation
Exothermic reaction
Polar effect
Stacking 
Chemiosmosis
Vapor-liquid equilibrium
Early repolarization
Free radical reaction