<unk> , an<unk> s disease of animals and humans, is caused by enterobacteriaYersinia<unk> , a bacterium. Human<unk>  takes three main clinical forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and the bubonic plague. All three forms are widely believed to have been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including the Plague of Justinian in 542 CE and the black death, accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353 CE. It is demonstrated conclusively that these plagues originated in rodent populations in China. Plague is a zoonotic, primarily carried by rodents (notably rats) and spread to humans via fleas. Plague is notorious throughout history, due to the unprecedented scale of death and devastation it wrought. Plague is still endemic in some parts of the world. Bubonic plague should be differentiated from other causes of lymphadenopathy, such as streptococcal or staphylococcal lymphadenitis,<unk> s mononucleosis, cat-scratch fever, and tularemia.  Septicemic plague should be differentiated from non-specific sepsis syndrome and gram negative sepsis. Differential diagnosis for pneumonic plague includes<unk> s that cause community-acquired pneumonia, such as pneumococcal or streptococcal pneumonia, viral pneumonia, hemophilus influenzae, and anthrax. Symptoms of plague may be differentiated by type: Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Although all 3 types share constitutional symptoms, key features differentiate them from one another. Not only do the 3 types differ in symptoms, but also in treatment and prognosis. Bubonic plague is characterized by the presence of painful and tender lymphadenopathy, called buboes. Less pathognomonic features are found in other types of plague, making their diagnosis more difficult. Septicemic plague follows the course, along with signs and symptoms, of a gram-negative bacilli and pneumonic plague presents with a virulent pneumonia. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstream of treatment. The drugs of choice are streptomycin or gentamicin, but tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol are also effective.
Yersinia pestis infection
Brucellosis
Rotavirus infection
Legionellosis
COVID-19-associated abdominal pain
Lemierre's syndrome
Salmonellosis
Klebsiella infection