Thyroid cancer was first described by William Stewart Halsted, an American surgeon in the late nineteenth century.<unk>  may be classified according to WHO classification into 2 subtype including minimally invasive<unk>  thyroid carcinoma, and widely invasive<unk>  thyroid carcinoma.<unk>  arises from<unk>  cells of thyroid, which are secretory cells that are normally involved in production and secretion of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include Ras, PAX8/PPARγ, and PTEN.<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause neck masses such as goiter, Grave's disease, Hurthle cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. The incidence of<unk>  is estimated to be 0.82 per 100 000 person-years. The female to male ratio is approximately 3 to 1. Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  are iodine deficiency, family history of thyroid cancer, radiation exposure, and age. MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of<unk> . MRI may also be performed to detect metastases of<unk>  to brain and bones. On biopsy,<unk>  is characterized by trabecular, solid,<unk>  tumor cells that invade tumor capsule or surrounding vascular structures. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for<unk> .
Follicular thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer
Primary thyroid lymphoma
Anaplastic thyroid cancer
Thyroid adenoma
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Parathyroid cancer