<unk>  cancer arises from squamous cells, which are cells that are normally involved in protection of aerodigestive tract.<unk>  cancer is a rare type of malignant cancer which has a delayed onset of clinical manifestations.<unk>  cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and it spreads to other organs such as lungs, mediastinum, bones, brain, liver, esophagus, and thyroid gland. The metastatic invasion depends on the anatomic location of the<unk>  cancer.<unk>  cancer is mostly differentiated as squamous cell carcinoma, however, the undifferentiated type may be found in the pyriform sinus region. The exact pathogenesis of the<unk>  cancer is not exactly understood, but the  p16, cyclin D1, NOTCH1, and TP53 gene mutations have been associated with the development of the<unk>  cancer.<unk>  cancer is associated with sideropenic dysphagia and Paterson Brown Kelly syndrome. On gross pathology, flattened plaques, mucosal ulceration, and raised margins of the lesion are the characteristic findings of<unk>  cancer. On microscopic histopathological analysis, spindle cells, basaloid cells, and nuclear atypia are the characteristic findings of<unk>  cancer.
Hypopharyngeal cancer pathophysiology
Laryngeal cancer pathophysiology
Esophageal cancer pathophysiology
Odynophagia pathophysiology
Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology
Oral cancer pathophysiology
Laryngeal cancer risk factors
Stomach cancer pathophysiology