In 1811, the first thyroid cancer case was reported. Thyroid cancer was first described by William Stewart Halsted, an American surgeon in the late nineteenth century.<unk>  arises from cells of thyroid, which are normally involved in production and secretion of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and  is always considered as stage IV. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid cancer include P53 and BRAF.<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause neck masses such as goiter, Grave's disease, Hurthle cell carcinoma, follicular thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular adenoma, sarcoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma.. Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis of<unk>  may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with<unk> . According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) there are 4 stages of<unk>  based on the clinical features and findings on imaging. Each stage is assigned a letter and a number that designate the tumor size, number of lymph node regions involved, and metastasis. The hallmark of<unk>  is swelling in the neck. A positive history of irradiation of head and neck, rapid growth of the nodule, and family history of<unk>  thyroid carcinoma is suggestive of<unk> . The most common symptoms of<unk>  include swelling in the neck, pain in the front of the neck, and hoarseness of voice. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for<unk> .
Anaplastic thyroid cancer
Primary thyroid lymphoma
Follicular thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Thyroid adenoma
Thyroid cancer