The optimal dose of<unk>  among patients on chronic anticoagulation represents a balance between the highest thrombosis prevention and the lowest risk of bleeding.  In order to optimize the efficacy to safety ratio, dosing of<unk>  requires INR monitoring with a target INR range of 2-3. The quality of management of a group of patients is measured with the time in therapeutic range.
The 2012 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) clinical practice guidelines "suggest using validated decision support tools (paper nomograms or computerized dosing programs) rather than no decision support (Grade 2C)."  Current recommendations on chronic<unk>  management are mainly based on the RE-LY trial which was published in 2009 with modifications due to subsequent practice guidelines by the American College of Chest Physicians in 2012. Randomized controlled trials suggest that non-pharmacist led clinics can achieved good anticoagulation.
Warfarin administration and monitoring
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Intracoronary pharmacotherapy
Thrombectomy
Confusion electrocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring
Isolated limb perfusion