High Resolution CT scans of the temporal bone in mastoiditis patients are the preferred diagnostic tool and may reveal mastoiditis and its complications. CT findings in acute mastoiditis are: partial-to-complete opacification of mastoid air cells, erosion of mastoid air cell bony septum, mastoid cortex destruction and irregularity, periosteal thickening, periosteal disruption, and subperiosteal abscess. CT findings in subacute and chronic mastoiditis are: markers for inflammation, sclerosis, or opacification of mastoid process, tympanic membrane changes including thickening, retraction, tympanic membrane perforation, or calcification, ossicle erosion or other possible causes for hearing loss, determination of cholesteatoma, intratemporal complications such as petrositis, labyrinthitis, subperiosteal abscess, or labyrinthine fistula, intracranial complications such as brain abscess and meningitis, presence of fibrous tissue, tympanosclerosis, formation of new bone matter, ossicle erosion, and displacement and extension of cholesteatoma to sinuses.
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