<unk>  is a blood disorder in which, due to increased production (congenital or acquired reasons), the red blood cells (RBCs) contain higher than normal levels of<unk> moglobin<unk>  (>1%).<unk> moglobin forms from the substitution of iron (Fe) in [[ferric/reduced (Fe2+) form]], as found in normal hemoglobin, with iron in [[oxidized (Fe3+) form]]. The oxidation of Hb to<unk>  ( Fe2+ to Fe3+ ) occurs naturally in healthy people, as a result of the interaction of Hb with oxygen free radicals, which are produced during normal cell<unk> olism. The levels of<unk>  though, never exceed more than 1%, if the protective reduction enzyme systems in the RBCs are working properly. Hemoglobin is the polypeptide protein in the RBCs, consisting of 2 alfa and 2 beta chains connected to an iron atom in ferric form, responsible for binding, carrying and distributing oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.<unk>  is unable to bind oxygen, and in case of<unk> , the affinity of the remaining normal Hb (that has not been yet oxidized to<unk>  to oxygen is very high. This leads to leftward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, resulting in hypoxia and dyspnea, because no oxygen gets released to the tissues.
Methemoglobinemia
Hyperaemia
Hypercapnia
Azotemia
Polycythemia
Hypercarbia
Metabolic acidosis
Lactic acidosis