<unk>  is group of signs and symptoms resulting from loss of kidney filtration capabilities leading to massive loss of protein in urine, generalized or localized body edema, hyperlipidemia and hypoproteinemia (most importantly, hypoalbuminemia). Causes of<unk>  can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (from a systemic insult or immune mediated).<unk>  (nephrosis) is defined as heavy proteinuria > 3.5 grams per 24 hours in adults. In children,<unk>  is defined as protein excretion > 40 mg/m2/h. The accurate diagnosis of<unk>  thus requires 24-hour urine collection. However, in clinical practice, urine dipstick of a qualitative measure of 3+ urinary proteins, or spot urine protein (mg)/creatinine(mg) ratio > 2 may also reflect<unk> .
Nephrotic syndrome
Lupus nephritis
HIV associated nephropathy
Nephritic syndrome
Hamman-Rich syndrome
Budd–Chiari syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome
IMAGE syndrome