Laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished by testing serum or plasma to detect virus, viral nucleic acid, or virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and neutralizing antibodies. Viral culture may detect virus in the first 3 days of illness; however,<unk>  virus should be handled under biosafety level (BSL) 3 conditions. During the first 8 days of illness,<unk>  viral RNA can often be identified in serum.<unk>  virus antibodies normally develop toward the end of the first week of illness. Therefore, to definitively rule out the diagnosis, convalescent-phase samples should be obtained from patients whose acute-phase samples test negative.<unk>  virus testing is performed at CDC, a few state health departments, and one commercial laboratory. Test results are normally available 4 to 14 days after specimen receipt. Reporting times for test results may be longer during summer months when arbovirus activity increases. Receipt of a hard copy of the results will take at least 2 weeks after testing is completed. Initial serological testing will be performed using IgM-capture ELISA and IgG ELISA. If the initial results are positive, further confirmatory testing will be performed and it may delay the reporting of final results.
Chikungunya other diagnostic studies
Lassa fever other diagnostic studies
Rift valley fever other diagnostic studies
Malaria other diagnostic studies
Typhoid fever other diagnostic tests
Trench fever causes
Ebola other diagnostic studies
Bourbon virus infection causes