<unk>  and Bell's palsy is due to a loss of voluntary movement of the muscles on one side of the face due to abnormal function of the<unk><unk> (s). A Peripheral palsy affects all ipsilateral muscles of<unk>  expression<unk>  results on the entire ipsilateral side). A supranuclear palsy involves the lower part of the face.<unk>  is a common problem that involves the<unk>  of any structures innervated by the<unk><unk> . The pathway of the<unk><unk>  is long and relatively convoluted, and so there are a number of causes that may result in<unk> . The most common is Bell's palsy, an idiopathicdisease that may only be diagnosed by exclusion.
A thorough medical history and physical examination are the first steps in making a diagnosis.
During the physical examination, a distinction must first be made between<unk>  and paresis (incomplete<unk> . Not surprisingly,<unk>  is far more serious and requires immediate treatment. It must also be determined whether the forehead is involved in the motor defect or not. This is usually accomplished by assessing how well a patient can raise her eyebrows. The question is an important one because it helps determine if the lesion is in the upper motor neuroncomponent of the<unk><unk> , or in its lower motor neuron component.
Laboratory investigations include an audiogram,<unk>  conduction studies (ENoG), computed tomography (CT) ormagnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Facial nerve paralysis
Central facial palsy
Vocal cord paresis
Bilateral vestibulopathy
Hypoglossal nerve palsy
Fourth nerve palsy
Sixth nerve palsy
Onychoptosis