<unk> , also called minimally invasive<unk>  (MIS), bandaid<unk> ,  keyhole<unk> , or pinhole<unk>  is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (usually 0.5-1.5cm) as compared to larger incisions needed in traditional surgical procedures.<unk>  includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole<unk>  performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic<unk> .<unk>  and thoracoscopic<unk>  belong to the broader field of endoscopy.
The key element in<unk>  is the use of a laparoscope: a telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to  a video camera (single chip or three chip). Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a 'cold' light source (halogen or xenon), to illuminate the operative field, inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula to view the operative field.  The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas to create a working and viewing space. The abdomen is essentially blown up like a balloon (insufflated), elevating the abdominal wall above the internal organs like a dome. The gas used is CO2, as it is common to the human body and can be removed by the respiratory system if it absorbs through tissue. It is also non-flammable, which is important due to the fact that electrosurgical devices are commonly used in<unk>  procedures.
Laparoscopic surgery
Boil physical examination
Volvulus physical examination
Peritonitis physical examination
Abdominal mass physical examination
Appendicitis physical examination
Hemorrhoids physical examination
Cystitis physical examination