Biopsy is not routinely performed, however, may be carried out in patients older than 45 years presenting with nodules subcutaneously or migratory thrombophlebitis, with uncharacteristic large artery involvement and/or the presence of higher than normal anticardiolipin antibodies. Biopsy may therefore be helpful in the diagnosis of Buerger's disease. Biopsy findings suggestive of Buerger's disease include small and medium vessel involvement, hypercellularity with leukocytic infiltration, segmental affection, occlusion with inflammatory thrombi (may or may not be organized depending on the stage of disease), sparing of the internal elastic laminae, formation of microabscesses, and multinucleated giant cells.
Buerger's disease other diagnostic studies
Buerger's disease other imaging findings
Buerger's disease risk factors
Polyarteritis nodosa other diagnostic studies
Buerger's disease causes
Takayasu's arteritis other imaging findings
Buerger's disease diagnostic study of choice
Buerger's disease echocardiography and ultrasound