<unk>  <unk>  is a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults.<unk>  <unk>  is a distinct finding and a descriptive report on the glomerular morphology seen in certain glomerular disease conditions. It is considered to be a glomerular podocytopathy .  Minimal change disease (MCD) is by far the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children:  MCD and primary<unk>  may have a similar cause.<unk>  <unk>  is very similar in presentation to Minimal Change Kidney Disease (MCD), in-fact both are podocytopathies but they are histological different with varying disease signs and symptoms.
The individual components of the name refer to the appearance of the kidney tissue on biopsy:<unk>  - only some of the glomeruli are involved (as opposed to diffuse),<unk>  - only part of an entire glomerulus is involved (as opposed to global),<unk>  - refers to scarring of the glomerulus (a part of the nephron (the functional unit of the kidney)).<unk>  is a progressive form of renal disease, it has become the most common cause of GN-related ESRD in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States.  It accounts for about 40% of adults and about 20% of pediatric cases of Nephrotic Syndrome in the United States. <unk>  can be a primary or secondary cause of Nephrotic Syndrome. Primary<unk>  can occur as an epithelial cell disorder characterized by podocytopathy of the glomeruli that may be related etiologically to minimal change disease. Secondary<unk>  occurs due to previous glomerular injury or as a response to previous nephron loss from toxic effects of drugs, viral infections and chronic systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus, SLE, and other renal affecting autoimmune diseases.
Definitive diagnosis of<unk>  is by kidney biopsy. High clinical suspicion is also very important in the diagnosis and differentiation of<unk>  from MCD. MCD often presents with features of Nephrotic Syndrome like proteinuria, edema and hyperlipidemia while<unk>  may present with hematuria, hypertension and decreased renal function which are common presentations of nephritic syndrome.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Balkan nephropathy
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
Endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Mesoamerican nephropathy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis