Surgery is the mainstay therapy for gastrointestinal tract (GIT)<unk> . The main indications are abdominal sepsis, worsening abdominal pain, signs of diffuse peritonitis, complete bowel obstruction, bowel ischemia. In esophageal<unk> , surgical options include primary repair, repair over a drain. Primary repair is the best procedure for thoracic esophageal rupture. It is performed when the closure can heal. Endoscopically-placed-stents can be used to manage some patients with esophageal<unk> . In perforated stomach, if the patient is unstable or deteriorating, urgent operation and closure with a piece of omentum is the standard of care. If the patient is stable or improving, nonoperative management with close monitoring is a reasonable option. If patients did not show clinical improvement after 24 hours, surgery was performed. In colonic resection, A one-stage colon resection for diverticulitis can be performed open or laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach is preferred when feasible. A two-stage procedure is primarily used for patients with Hinchey III or IV diverticulitis, and for those with Hinchey I or II diverticulitis who have excessive contamination or inflammation of the surrounding tissues or other risk factors for anastomotic leakage. In perforated appendix, stable patients with perforated appendicitis who have symptoms localized to the right lower quadrant can be treated with immediate appendectomy or initial nonoperative management. Patients with an appendiceal abscess should be treated with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous image-guided drainage. For patients who are septic or unstable, and for those who have a free<unk>  of the appendix or generalized peritonitis, emergency appendectomy is required.
Gastrointestinal perforation surgery
Bowel obstruction surgery
Mesenteric ischemia surgery
Diverticulitis surgery
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis surgery
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding surgery
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding surgery
Acute pancreatitis surgery