<unk>  is the presence of stones within the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts.The exact pathogenesis of<unk>  not fully understood but the relative stagnation of salivary flow and calcium concentration may be important. 75 percent of<unk>  cases are single. 3 percent of stones are bilateral and most of them are located in parotid glands. Stone formation is 80 to 90 percent in the submandibular gland, 6 to 20 percent in the parotid glands and 1 to 2 percent in the sublingual or minor salivary glands. Sialoadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland. Acute sialoadenitis may be caused by viral or bacterial infection. Chronic sialoadenitis is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation. On gross pathology, hard yellow -white spherical depositions usually less than 1 cm are seen. On microscopic pathology, dilated ducts with squamous metaplasia or calculi are usually present.
Sialolithiasis pathophysiology
Chronic cholecystitis pathophysiology
Chronic pancreatitis pathophysiology
Ascending cholangitis pathophysiology
Choledocholithiasis pathophysiology
Hereditary pancreatitis pathophysiology
Gallbladder cancer pathophysiology
Primary sclerosing cholangitis pathophysiology