<unk>  is a rare but sight-threatening complication 
that can be caused by the hematologic dissemination of bacterial/fungal infections to the eyes or direct spread from adjacent contagious sites. 
Most common extraocular foci of infection include liver abscess, pneumonia, endocarditis, and soft tissue infection.<unk>  is commonly associated with immunosuppression or procedures that increase the risk for blood-borne infections, such as diabetes, HIV, malignancy, intravenous drug use, transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and catheterization.
Common causes of<unk>  include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella spp.
Additionally,<unk>  may be caused by the hematologic dissemination of fungal infections into the eye commonly Candida spp (>50%) following by Aspergillus, and Fusarium spp.
Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency. If left untreated, It may lead to panophthalmitis, corneal perforation, and ultimately permanent vision loss. 
The prognosis of<unk>  varies with the offending organism and the systemic status of the patient.
Late detection and late treatment of systemic infection of<unk>  is associated with a poor prognosis.
The diagnosis of<unk>  may be difficult because of the variability in the clinical signs and symptoms.
Patients with<unk>  usually appear extremely ill and lethargic. Therefore, eye examination in extremely ill patients, such as those in intensive care units (ICU), seems necessary.
Most common eye examination findings in<unk>  may include decreased vision, ocular pain, eyelid edema, cloudy cornea, and decreased red reflex.
Bacterial and fungal cultures from vitreous samples are necessary in the management of endophthalmitis
However, positive cultures from vitreous samples can be achieved much less frequently in<unk> . Identification of the causative pathogen by blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid culture is successful in more than 75% of<unk>  cases.
The patient needs urgent examination by an expert ophthalmologist and/or vitreo-retina specialist who will usually decide for urgent intervention to provide intravitreal injection of potent antibiotics and also prepare for an urgent pars plana vitrectomy as needed.  Enucleation may be required to remove a blind and painful eye.
Systemic antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents are recommended in<unk>  because the source of the infection is distant from the eye.
Endogenous endophthalmitis
Bleb-related endophthalmitis
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis
Bacterial endophthalmitis
Post-operative endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis
Fungal keratitis
Post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis