<unk>  is a life threatening condition characterized by the presence of venous thrombosis, inflammation, and bacteremia.<unk>  usually occurs in the setting of an intravascular catheter, and is suspected in patients with radiographic evidence of thrombosis and persistent bacteremia after 72 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.<unk>  may be classified into many subtypes according to the vein involved.  Subtypes of<unk>  include peripheral vein, internal jugular vein (Lemierre's syndrome), vena caval, portal vein, and pelvic vein<unk> . The majority of cases of<unk>  are caused by bacteria. Common causes of peripheral vein<unk>  include Staphylococcus aureus (most common cause), streptococci, and Enterobacteriaceae. The most common cause of Lemierre's syndrome is Fusobacterium necrophorum. Peripheral<unk>  should be differentiated from cellulitis and deep venous thrombosis; while abdominal and pelvic vein<unk>  must be differentiated from septic abortion, acute appendicitis, cholangitis, and other genitourinary infections.  Lemierre disease must be differentiated from peritonsillar abscess, pharyngitis, and soft tissue neck abscess. Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  are the use of intravenous catheters, intravenous drug use, hypercoagulable states, burns, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. Lemierre’s syndrome is now a rare condition with an incidence of 0.36 cases per 100,000 individuals annually.  Extremes of age also predispose the occurrence of septic<unk> , due to the increased risk of infections by catheters. If left untreated,<unk>  may metastasize to different organs. Untreated<unk>  is associated with a high mortality rate.. The most common complication of<unk>  is metastatic septic foci that spread to different organs of the body.  Common complications of<unk>  are septic shock, sustained sepsis, infective endocarditis, septic emboli to the central nervous system, and septic pulmonary emboli. When obtaining a history from a patient with suspected<unk> , specific areas of focus include a history of an intravenous catheter, a phlebotomy attempt, and intravenous injections.  Common symptoms of superficial vein<unk>  include fever, erythema, and tenderness and purulent drainage at the site of the involved vessel. Symptoms of Lemierre syndrome include fever, rigors, localized neck pain, and erythema, tenderness, swelling, and induration overlying the jugular vein. Common physical examination findings in patients with<unk>  include fever, tenderness and purulent drainage at the site of the involved vessel, erythema, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. The mainstay of therapy for<unk>  is antimicrobial therapy. Surgical treatment of<unk>  is considered in cases that do not respond to antimicrobial therapy.  Incision and drainage, or excision of the affected vein and its tributaries may be considered.
Suppurative thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis
Lymphangitis
Arterial thrombosis
Eosinophilic cellulitis
Blebitis
Lymphangitis carcinomatosa
Superficial vein thrombosis