In the renal system,<unk>  are tiny blood vessels that travel along side nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.
Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the<unk>  through active transport, secondary active transport, or transcytosis.
The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the<unk>  into the nephron to be sent towards the bladder and out of the body.
The majority of exchange through the<unk>  occurs because of chemical gradients, osmosis and Na+ pumps.
Peritubular capillaries
Loop of Henle
Afferent arterioles
Renal tubule
Thin ascending limb of loop of Henle
Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
Intraglomerular mesangial cell
Extraglomerular mesangial cell