<unk> , a subspecialty of internal medicine and pediatrics is devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. The term originates from the Greek rheuma, meaning "that which flows as a river or stream" and the suffix -ology, meaning "the study of".<unk> sts mainly deal with problems involving the joints and the allied conditions of connective tissue.<unk>  is a rapidly evolving specialty; new scientific discoveries related to this specialty are largely related to better understanding of immunology of these disorders. Pathogenesis of major<unk> cal disorders is now described as auto immune disorders. Immunology explains pathogenesis and the characteristics of<unk> cal disorders, and the new treatment modalities are also based on immunology, better understanding of genetic basis of<unk> cal disorders makes<unk>  a specialty rapidly developing as a specialty based on new scientific discoveries. New treatment modalities are based on scientific research on immunology, cytokines, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and the future therapies may be directed more towards gene therapy as well. Currently, practice of<unk>  is largely based on clinical research, evidence based medical treatment of<unk> cal disorders has helped patients with rheumatism lead a near normal life without any disabilities. Those clinicians specialized on this specialty are called<unk> sts.
Rheumatology
Urology
Neuroendocrinology
Hepatology
Hematology
Ophthalmology
Oncology
Otology