<unk>  is a malignant primary brain tumor that originates in either the cerebellum or the posterior cranial fossa. The term<unk>  was first used to describe the tumor by Dr. Harvey Cushing, an American neurosurgeon, in 1924.<unk>  may be classified into several subtypes based on the WHO histological classification system (classic vs variant<unk>  and the molecular subtypes classification system (WNT subgroup vs SHH subgroup vs Group 3<unk>  vs Group 4<unk> .<unk>  arises from the cerebellar stem cells, which are normally involved in the anatomical development of the cerebellum and posterior cranial fossa structures.<unk>  is an invasive and rapidly growing brain tumor which may metastasize to different organs of the body. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include CTNNB1 gene, PTCH1 gene, and MLL2 gene. On gross pathology, a pink, solid, and well circumscribed mass is a characteristic finding of<unk> . On microscopic histopathological analysis, round tumor cells, elevated mitotic rate, increased nucleus:cytoplasmic ratio, and Homer-Wright rosettes are characteristic findings of<unk> .<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause morning headache, recurrent vomiting, nausea, restlessness, and poor feeding among children such as ependymoblastoma, cerebral neuroblastoma, and pineal tumor. Physical examination of patients with<unk>  is usually remarkable for strabismus, nystagmus, motor weakness, and ataxia. Common complications of<unk>  include hydrocephalus, decerebrate attacks, and cranial nerve palsies.<unk>  is the second most common brain tumor among the pediatric population. Prognosis is generally good, the 5-year survival rate of patients with<unk>  is approximately 69%. The staging of<unk>  is based on the modified Chang's staging system.<unk>  patients are risk stratified into either standard risk group or high risk group based on the tumor stage, patient's age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection. Brain MRI with gadolinium based contrast is the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of<unk> . On a T1 weighted brain MRI image,<unk>  is characterized by a hypointense mass located at the posterior cerebral fossa that may demonstrate calcification and necrosis. According to the risk stratification criterion for<unk>  patients, surgery must be followed by the appropriate radiotherapy or chemotherapy management.
Medulloblastoma
Pineoblastoma
Ameloblastoma
Hemangioblastoma
Gemistocytic astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Astrocytoma
Schwannoma