<unk>  (ACA) are antibodies often directed against<unk>  and found in several diseases including syphilis, antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome, idiopathic spontaneous abortion, and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). They are a form of anti-mitochondrial antibody. In SLE, The anti-DNA antibodies and anti-cardiolipin act independently.  In rheumatoid arthritis w/systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) these antibodies may tie two conditions together.<unk>  come can be classified in two ways.
As IgM, IgG or IgA
As β2-glycoprotein dependent or independent
In autoimmune disease ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
syphilis ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
In autoimmune disease ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
syphilis ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
β2-glycoprotein I has been identified as Apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. Only a subset of autoimmune<unk>  bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies
Anti-SM antibody
Antistreptococcal antibodies
Antinuclear antibodies
Anti-LKM antibody
Antimicrosomal antibody
Anti-smooth muscle antibody
Anti-ganglioside antibodies