Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is also known as Monge's disease, after its first description in 1925 by Carlos Monge. High<unk>  Flatus Expulsion was first described by Joseph Hamel in c. 1820. It was rediscovered in 1981 by Paul Auerbach and York Miller.<unk>  may be classified according to clinical symptoms and the pathological changes of principally encroached organs into 2 groups acute and chronic.<unk>  caused by an increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to the normal pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by hypoxia. Hypoxia leads to increase oxygen delivery to the tissues and increases ventilation, cardiac output and haemoglobin concentrations. These changes improve ventilation-perfusion matching and gas exchange and lead to high<unk>  pulmonary hypertension.<unk>  is brought on by the combination of reduced air pressure and lower oxygen concentration that occur at high<unk> s. Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  include underlying lung disease, substances or conditions that interfere with acclimatization, previous history of high<unk> , lack of acclimatization. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for<unk>  which include cold pressor test, heart rate variability, pulmonary function test. The important complications of<unk>  are high<unk>  pulmonary edema and cerebral edema. Prognosis is generally good, and the 5 year mortality rate of patients with<unk>  is approximately 12%. Patients with<unk>  may have a positive history of underlying lung disease and substances or conditions that interfere with acclimatization. Common symptoms of<unk>  include headache, dizziness, fatigue, cyanosis. Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of<unk>  include increased the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen and decreased level of bicarbonate, creatinine and PCO2. An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of<unk> . Findings on an ECG suggestive of<unk>  include shortening of R-R interval, shortening of the lengthening of Q-T and in particular for the ST-T flattening and Increase of P wave. X-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of<unk>  which include patchy alveolar infiltrates, predominantly in the right central hemithorax, asymmetric pattern of airspace consolidation. CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of<unk>  pulmonary edema and it shows patchy alveolar infiltrates, predominantly in the right central hemithorax. Pharmacologic medical therapies for<unk>  include acetazolamide, dexamethasone. Pharmacologic therapy for nausea and vomiting of<unk>  include promethazine, ondansetron. Effective measures for the primary prevention of<unk>  include avoiding alcohol ingestion, high carbohydrate in diet, adequate hydration, vigorous exertion during the first few days at high<unk> , oxygen Enrichment.
Altitude sickness
Motion sickness
Brain fog
Decompression sickness
Sleeping sickness
Water intoxication
Work aversion
Euthyroid sick syndrome