Gastric emptying scintigraphy is considered a gold standard<unk>  test for gastroparesis. Delayed gastric emptying is confirmed by 10% gastric retention at 4 hours. Factors that affect the results of this test include medications, tobacco smoking, and hyperglycemia.
Gastroparesis Diagnostic Study of Choice
Heartburn Diagnostic Study of Choice
Dysphagia classification
Gastroparesis physical examination
Heartburn physical examination
Achalasia physical examination
Gastroesophageal reflux disease physical examination
Gastroparesis classification