<unk>  is a psychiatric condition in which the patients present with delusions, but with no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening of affect. Delusions are a specific symptom of psychosis. Delusions can be bizarre or non-bizarre in content. Non-bizarre delusions are fixed false beliefs that involve situations that could potentially occur in real life, such as being followed, having an infection, being loved, and being deceived by one's spouse. Bizarre delusions are clearly improbable. Delusions that express a loss of control over mind or body are generally considered to be bizarre and include belief that alien thoughts have been put into one's mind, that one’s thoughts have been removed by an outside force, or that one’s body or actions are being acted on or manipulated by an outside force. Apart from their delusions, people with<unk>  may continue to socialize and function in a normal manner and their behavior does not generally seem odd or bizarre. However, the preoccupation with<unk>  ideas can be disruptive to their overall lives. For the diagnosis to be made, auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present. Delusions are false beliefs based on incorrect assumption about external reality that persist despite the evidence to the contrary and these beliefs are not ordinarily accepted by other members of the person's culture.<unk>  may be classified according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual based on content of the delusions into seven subtypes: erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic, mixed, and unspecified.  The exact pathogenesis of<unk>  is not fully understood. It is thought that<unk>  may be produced by polymorphisms in genes coding for dopamine receptors (DRD3 and DRD4). The cause of<unk>  has not been identified. Genetic, biochemical, psychological, and environmental factors may play a significant role in the development of<unk> .<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause delusions, such as substrate deficiency, neurodegenerative disorders, vascular disease, other CNS disorders, infectious diseases, vitamin deficiencies, metabolic disorders, endocrinopathies, medications, toxins, substances, and other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. The incidence of<unk> s is approximately 0.7 to 3.0 cases per 100, 000 individuals annually. The prevalence of<unk> s is approximately 24 to 30 cases per 100, 000 individuals annually. Females are more commonly affected with<unk>  than males. The diagnosis of<unk>  is based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, which include criterion A i.e the presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of one month or longer, criterion B i.e criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met, criterion C i.e apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd, criterion D i.e if manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been brief relative to the duration of the<unk>  periods, and criterion E i.e the disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition and is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. The optimal therapy for<unk>  includes pharmacotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive psychotherapy, involuntary treatment, and insight oriented therapy.
Delusional disorder
Dissociative disorders
Emotionally unstable personality disorder
Personality disorder
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Tic disorder
Depressive personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder