Individuals with decreased muscle tone, increased soft tissue around the airway, and structural features that give rise to a narrowed airway are at high<unk>  for obstructive<unk><unk> . Men, whose anatomy is typified by increased body mass in the torso and neck, are more typical<unk><unk>  sufferers, especially through middle age and older.  Adult women suffer typically less frequently and to a lesser degree than men do, owing partially to physiology, but possibly to emerging links to levels of progesterone.  Prevalence in post-menopausal women approaches that of men in the same age range.
In adults, the most typical individual with obstructive<unk><unk>  syndrome is obese, with particular heaviness at the face and neck. The hallmark symptom of obstructive<unk><unk>  syndrome in adults is excessive daytime<unk> iness. Typically, an adult or adolescent with severe long-standing obstructive<unk><unk>  will fall<unk>  for very brief periods in the course of usual daytime activities if given any opportunity to sit or rest. This behavior may be quite dramatic, sometimes occurring during conversations with others at social gatherings.
Obstructive<unk><unk>  syndrome was described more than a century ago, but obstructive<unk><unk>  in children was first described in the 1970s. It is a common but underdiagnosed condition in children that may ultimately lead to substantial morbidity if left untreated. 
Although this so called "hyper-somnolence" (excessive<unk> iness) may also occur in children, it is not at all typical of younger children with<unk><unk> . Toddlers and young children with severe obstructive<unk><unk>  instead ordinarily behave as if "over-tired" or "hyper". Studies have suggested that as many as 25 percent of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may actually have symptoms of obstructive<unk><unk>  and that much of their learning difficulty and behavior problems can be the consequence of chronic fragmented<unk> . Bed-wetting,<unk> -walking, retarded growth, other hormonal and metabolic problems, even "failure to thrive" can be related to<unk><unk> .Adults and children with very severe obstructive<unk><unk>  also differ in typical body habitus. Adults are generally heavy, with particularly short and heavy necks. Young children, on the other hand, are generally not only thin but may have "failure to thrive", where growth is reduced. Poor growth occurs for two reasons: the work of breathing is high enough so that calories are burned at high rates even at rest, and the nose and throat are so obstructed that eating is both tasteless and physically uncomfortable. Obstructive<unk><unk>  in children, unlike adults, is almost always caused by obstructive tonsils and adenoids and is usually cured with tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Parents occasionally comment on breathing difficulties during<unk>  (eg, gasps or heroic snorts), unusual<unk> ing positions, morning headaches, daytime fatigue, irritability, poor growth and weight gain, and behavioral problems. Nevertheless, even in cases in which a<unk>  specialist conducts the diagnostic interview, the accuracy of obstructive<unk><unk>  prediction is poor and does not exceed a sensitivity and specificity of 50-60%, particularly in distinguishing obstructive<unk><unk>  from benign snoring..
Sleep Apnea risk factors
Syncope risk factors
Heat stroke risk factors
Anxiety risk factors
Tremor risk factors
Insomnia other diagnostic studies
Bradycardia risk factors
Dextrocardia risk factors