<unk> n Children is exceptionally recurrent presenting complaints in pediatric department or emergency department or primary care comprising of 15-25%. Most of the parents has immense concern regarding this complaints. Physiologic thermoregulatory elevation of body core temperature above the standard quotidian temperature may termed as<unk> As an ancient presenting complaints<unk> s thought to be an evil spirits by most of the ancient civilizations for example Egyptian, Greek, Mesopotamian etc. There were various ideology regarding<unk> s the Roman used to worship a God of<unk> whereas in the middle age, by Persian famous scholar Avicenna,<unk> as explained as increased temperature produced by heart diffusing throughout the whole body. 'The Medical renaissance' removed the confusion by describing<unk> s a physiologic response of an infection in eighteenth century. A number of factor influences<unk> or instances Chronological age, stage of activity, durational variations(lower body temperature in morning, and higher in late afternoon), food intake etc. The body core temperature is estimated from different parts of body. American Academy of pediatrics has provided information on the accuracy of rectal temperature in infants under four years. But due to its uneasiness of patients oral temperature is the most preferred method in usual population whereas in children under 5 years axillary temperature is sensitive in clinical settings. The mechanism of<unk> omprises of<unk> al components, it includes-Toxic insult/ Infection / inflammatory mediatiors → Macrophage/endothelial cells → Pyrogens(Exogenous: LPS from Gm- organism/ Toxin from Microorganism and EndogenousIL-6/IL-1/IFN-a/TNF-a/Ciliary neurotropic factor/Muramyl Dipeptidase/Enterotoxins) and Cryogens(IL-10, Hormones like MSH, CRH, Neuropeptide Y, Bombesisn, Thyroliberin) → endothelial cells of Hypothalamus → PGE2 → Cyclic AMP → Elevation of Thermoregulatory set point → Heat conservation and production by →<unk> The most common cause of<unk> s infection of any variety like bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, other causes are due to malignancy, autoimmune, medications etc.
Fever  
Alertness
Cough
Cough  
Sedation
Rash
Pain
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