Definitive treatment is surgical, involving the insertion of a pacemaker – most likely one with sequential pacing such as a DDI mode as opposed to the older VVI mechanisms.
Adams-Stokes syndrome surgery
Churg-Strauss syndrome surgery
Leopard syndrome surgery
Boerhaave syndrome surgery
Pott's disease surgery
Blind loop syndrome surgery
Hamman-Rich syndrome surgery
Paget-Schroetter disease surgery