The mainstay of treatment for<unk>  depends upon the level of plasma potassium. Prompt ECG is advised in all patients suspected of<unk>  as hyperkalemia may lead to cardiac conduction defects and life threatening arrhythmias. Patients with no ECG changes and moderate hyperkalemia (6.5–7.5 mmol/l) require only monitoring. Patients with severe hyperkalemia (>7.5 mmol/l) are treated with emergency measures for hyperkalemia (calcium, insulin, β2 agonist or cation resins) and fludrocortisone. Depending upon the volume status, patients may be treated with either 0.9% normal saline (hypovolemia) or furosemide (hypervolemic).
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