The exact pathogenesis of<unk>  is not fully understood. The malposition is not as a result of any extracardiac abnormalities but intrinsic to the heart. It is as a result of embryological abnormalities that occur during the development of the heart.
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include: ZIC3, ACVR2B, NODAL.
Dextrocardia pathophysiology
Sick sinus syndrome pathophysiology
Sinoatrial arrest pathophysiology
Third degree AV block pathophysiology
Pacemaker syndrome pathophysiology
AVNRT pathophysiology
Long QT Syndrome pathophysiology
Short QT syndrome pathophysiology