On examination, the jugular venous pressure is usually elevated, and 'cv' waves can be seen. The liver may be enlarged and is often pulsatile (the latter finding being virtually diagnostic of tricuspid insufficiency. Peripheral edema is often found. In severe cases, there may be ascites and even cirrhosis (so-called 'cardiac cirrhosis).  Tricuspid insufficiency may lead to the presence of a pansystolic heart murmur. Such a murmur is usually of low frequency and it is best heard on the left sternal border. It tends to increase with inspiration. However, the murmur may be inaudible reflecting the relatively low pressures on the right side of the heart. A third heart sound may also be present.
Tricuspid regurgitation physical examination
Tricuspid stenosis physical examination
Mitral regurgitation physical examination
Aortic regurgitation physical examination
Mitral stenosis physical examination
Pulmonic regurgitation physical examination
Mitral valve prolapse physical examination
Aortic stenosis physical examination