<unk> , abbreviated<unk> , is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine.<unk>  consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.<unk>  is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases.<unk>  is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells.<unk>  is stored in dense bodies inside blood platelets and is released upon platelet activation.<unk>  interacts with a family of<unk>  receptors found on platelets (P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1), leading to further platelet activation.<unk>  in the blood is converted to<unk>  by the action of ecto-ADPases, inhibiting further platelet activation via<unk>  receptors. The anti-platelet drug Plavix (clopidogrel) inhibits the P2Y12 receptor.<unk>  is the end-product that results when ATP loses one of its phosphate groups located at the end of the molecule. The conversion of these two molecules plays a critical role in supplying energy for many processes of life. The deletion of one of ATP’s phosphorous bonds generates about the same amount of energy derived from human digestion of a single peanut, approximately 7.3 kilocalories per Mole of ATP.<unk>  can be converted, or powered back to ATP through the process of releasing the chemical energy available in food; in humans this is constantly performed via aerobic respiration in the mitochondria. Plants use photosynthetic pathways to convert and store the energy from sunlight, via conversion of<unk>  to ATP. Animals use the energy released in the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to convert<unk>  to ATP, which can then be used to fuel necessary growth and cell maintenance.
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
Inositol triphosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Arachidonic acid
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate