It is understood that<unk>  melanoma is the result of genetic mutations. Activating mutations in GNAQ or GNA11, genes encoding for G protein alpha subunits. These mutations lead to activation of downstream signaling pathways including the MAPK pathway in<unk>  melanoma. Inactivating somatic mutations are present in the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) on chromosome 3p21.1. The mutations in the gene BAP1 are strongly linked to metastatic spread and patient survival. Conditions associated with<unk>  melanoma include ocular nevi, impaired immune system, pregnancy, and trauma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, we have 5 subtypes according to cell type into spindle A, spindle B, epitheliolid, mixed, and necrotic.
Uveal melanoma pathophysiology
Retinitis pathophysiology
Diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology
Lymphangioma pathophysiology
Melanoma pathophysiology
Hemangioma pathophysiology
Melanocytic nevus causes
Vitiligo pathophysiology