<unk>  <unk>  is one of the four recognized syndromes of<unk>  poisoning, which are primarily associated with bivalve mollusks (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops). These<unk>  are filter feeders and, therefore, accumulate toxins produced by microscopic algae in the form of dinoflagellates and diatoms.<unk>  results from consumption of domoic acid. In the brain, domoic acid especially damages the hippocampus and amygdaloid nucleus. It damages the neurons by activating AMPA and kainate receptors, causing an influx of calcium. Although calcium flowing into cells is a normal event, the uncontrolled increase of calcium causes the cell to degenerate.
The chemical can bioaccumulate in marine organisms that eat phytoplankton, such as<unk> , anchovies, and sardines. In mammals, including humans, domoic acid acts as a neurotoxin, causing permanent short-term memory loss, brain damage, and death in severe cases. Harmful algal blooms are associated with the phenomenon of<unk> . Cooking or freezing affected fish or<unk>  tissue does not lessen the toxicity.
Amnesic shellfish poisoning
Coastal leucothoe poisoning
Shellfish poisoning
Scombroid food poisoning
Scombrotoxic fish poisoning
Organophosphate poisoning
Strychnine poisoning
Black nightshade poisoning