The word<unk> ' is derived from the French word for yellow, which is jaune.<unk>  may be classified into two broad categories based on its time of onset and cause such as physiologic and pathologic<unk> .<unk>  is caused by high concentrations of bilirubin in the bloodstream, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia can result from abnormalities in the metabolism of bilirubin which could occur at any stage from its production, which is a result of the excessive breakdown of red blood cells, defects in its hepatic metabolism, and its post hepatic transport. Pathologic causes of<unk>  can be classified into causes of conjugated and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Differentials for<unk>  are very limited however, some skin discolorations in healthy individuals can look like<unk>  in certain circumstances. The prevalence of<unk>  varies among patient populations. In infants born at term, 60% will develop<unk>  in their first-week of life, which rises to 80% in preterms. Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  are a family history of<unk> , family history of a child born with<unk> , hyperthyroidism in the mother, medication use by the mother, etc. It is essential for every clinician to note that<unk>  is not always a benign condition therefore, extensive investigation of a child with<unk>  is necessary to prevent severe complications. Symptoms of<unk>  may include the yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera, and mucous membrane. A useful technique in assessing the severity of<unk>  is by using the principle of skin discoloration progressing in a cephalo-caudal direction in newborns. Laboratory findings include measuring the serum bilirubin from a blood sample. The total and conjugated portions are measured and the unconjugated fraction is measured by subtracting the conjugated fraction from the total. Echocardiography can detect cardiac abnormalities in patients with Alagille syndrome and biliary atresia. Ultrasonography of the abdomen is used to screen for biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, or cholestatic workup in the setting of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Treatment options include phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and exchange transfusion. Pharmacological options are also there. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy or the definitive treatment for most obstructive causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Several etiologies may be generally difficult to prevent however, the prevention of complications from<unk>  is equally crucial. Parents should be educated on how to recognize<unk>  very early in a neonate so as to present promptly for the management.
Jaundice in children
Fever in children
Vomiting in children
Sore throat in children
Fever and rash in children
Diarrhea in children
Abdominal pain in children
Chest pain in children