A<unk>  <unk>  is a neoplasm derived from germ cells and it can be cancerous or benign. Based on their location,<unk> s can be classified into intragonadal (ovary and testis) or extragonadal (mediastinum, brain, retroperitoneum, coccyx). Histologically,<unk> s can be classified as germinomatous/undifferentiated<unk> s which include, dysgerminoma and seminoma. and nongermminomatous/differentiated which include embryonic and extra-embryonic<unk> s. Embryonic<unk> s include teratoma, and extraembryonic<unk> s include Choriocarcinoma and Yolk sac<unk> . The name of a<unk>  came from the word (germinate), which means to begin to grow. During fetus development, germ cells migrate to become the eggs in the ovary or the sperms in the testicles.<unk> s develop due to the abnormal growth of the germ cells in the ovary, testis, brain, mediastinum, coccyx, or pelvis. World health organization (WHO) classified<unk> s into 7 types based on histology. The cause of<unk> s development is not fully understood but some causes include, genetic mutations, cryptorchidism, undescended testes, trauma, mumps, maternal estrogen exposure. Common risk factors include Caucasian race,Family history or personal history of<unk> , Klinefelter syndrome. Less common risk factors include,Infections such as HIV, orchitis, or history of trauma. Symptoms and signs of<unk> s depend on the type and location of the<unk> . Symptoms of dysgerminoma can include, abdominal distention, acute/ subacute abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, and precocious puberty. Symptoms of seminoma include painless testicular mass with discomfort, back pain, abdominal discomfort, or abdominal mass. Common complications of<unk> s include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and secondary malignancies. Lab findings include abnormal serum<unk>  marker levels such as LDH, HCG (seminoma), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), CA-125, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (ovarian<unk> s), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) greater than 100 ng/ml (Endodermal sinus<unk> . CT, MRI, and ultrasound are used in combination with biopsy to distinguish between the types and subtypes of<unk> s and for diagnosis confirmation. Surgery along with chemotherapy are the mainstay of treatment depending on the staging of the<unk> . Depending on the type, location, and the extent of the<unk>  at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary.
Germ cell tumor
Gonadoblastoma
Ovarian germ cell tumor
Brown tumor
Granulosa cell tumour
Neuroma
Endolymphatic sac tumor
Germinoma