<unk>  is defined as a temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis in the absence of mechanical obstruction. The pathogenesis of<unk>  is based on its multifactorial etiology.<unk>  is most commonly seen during the postoperative period (usually 3 days after surgery). When a patient undergoes a surgical procedure, it often puts the body under significant stress. It is thought that<unk>  is the result of a surgical stress-induced inflammatory process, that leads to the release of inflammatory and neuroendocrine mediators (such as nitric oxide, VIP and substance P). Additionally, manipulation of the intestine leads to activation of afferent pathways that travel to the brain stem, which leads to increased autonomic output to the sympathetic neurons and increased secretion of adrenergic neurotransmitters and subsequent decreased intestinal motility. Commonly used analgesics such as opiates and anesthesia may also aggravate the development of<unk> . Enteric and autonomic nervous system disturbances can cause a severe form of ilues, called chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) which may be related to some altered genes. Conditions commonly associated with<unk>  include diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. Gross pathology findings of<unk>  include bowel contortion with a distended small and large intestine. On microscopic histopathological analysis, findings of<unk>  include inflammatory cells predominantly macrophages and mast cells.
Ileus pathophysiology
Meckel's diverticulum pathophysiology
Mesenteric ischemia pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal perforation pathophysiology
Diverticulitis pathophysiology
Stomatitis pathophysiology
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis pathophysiology
Chronic cholecystitis pathophysiology