<unk>  is almost always due to physiologic exaggerated prolongation of<unk>  timing in boys and girls, a condition called "constitutional delay of growth and<unk>  (CDGP)".<unk>  sometimes has other pathophysiologies, such as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.<unk>  is the result of disturbances in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Genetic basis plays an important role in<unk> . 50-75% of cases of constitutional delay of growth and<unk>  (CDGP) have a positive family history of<unk> . 25 various genes in 3 different groups of Kallman syndrome related genes, hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis related genes, and obesity related genes, have been associated with<unk> . Microscopic evaluation of ovaries in a patient with<unk>  may reveal the presence of normal cuboidal epithelium.<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause latency in secondary sexual characteristics development, such as constitutional delay of<unk> , hypopituitarism, and chromosomal abnormalities. The Chromosomal abnormalities include Turner's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, and Noonan's syndrome. The incidence of<unk>  (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) is approximately 1-10 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of<unk>  is not known.<unk>  commonly occurs in children under 15 years of age and also occurs in individuals of all races equally.<unk>  (constitutional delay of growth and<unk>  is seen more in boys. Physical examination is usually remarkable for<unk>  growth spurt along with small testicular size (less than 4 mL or 2.5 cm) in more than 14 years old boys and thelarche stage 0-1 in more than 13 years old girls. Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of<unk>  include first line and second line tests. First line tests are complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, electrolytes, bicarbonate, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, thyrotropin, free thyroxine, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and testosterone. In case of specific familial disorders, some especial laboratory tests may be needed. Second line tests are gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), inhibin B, prolactin, and growth hormone (GH) tests. The mainstay of medical therapy for<unk>  is sex hormone replacement therapy. The various formulations of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are used in both genders.
Delayed puberty
Pubertal delay
Precocious puberty
Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperandrogenism
Hypogonadism
Constitutional delay of puberty
Short stature