<unk>  <unk>  comprises a group of disease states that involve simultaneous kidney and heart failure. Because the kidney and the heart lead a “symbiotic” bi-directional relationship; the vitality of one organ ultimately and inevitably depends on the vitality of the other. In<unk> , an acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart or the kidneys causes an acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ.<unk> s have recently earned major clinical significance because of their complex management challenges and their profound prognostic indication of mortality in patients suffering from concomitant heart and kidney diseases. The greatest challenge a clinician faces with<unk> s is the therapeutic approach and pharmacological intervention required in favor of a<unk>  patient with known poor prognosis. Today’s management approaches, despite proven efficacy, remain notorious for their injurious effects on the target organs of<unk> . Individualized treatment remains up till now an optimal modality of approach pending the understanding of<unk> , pathophysiology, and effective prevention.
Cardiorenal syndrome
Papillorenal syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Acute kidney injury
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Edwards syndrome