<unk>  is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane.<unk> 's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient and chronic tics.  The eponym was bestowed by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–93) on behalf of his resident, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la<unk>  (1859–1904), a French physician and neurologist, who published an account of nine patients with<unk> 's in 1885.<unk> 's was once considered a rare and bizarre<unk> , most often associated with the exclamation of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks (coprolalia).  However, this symptom is present in only a small minority of people with<unk> 's.<unk> 's is no longer considered a rare condition, but it may not always be correctly identified because most cases are classified as mild.  The more common tics are eye blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements.  People with<unk> 's have normal life expectancy and intelligence. The severity of the tics decreases for most children as they pass through adolescence, and extreme<unk> 's in adulthood is a rarity. Notable individuals with<unk> 's are found in all walks of life.  Although<unk> 's is the more severe expression of the spectrum of tic disorders, most cases are mild.  The severity of symptoms varies widely among people with<unk> 's, and mild cases may be undetected. Genetic and environmental factors each play a role in the etiology of<unk> 's, but the exact causes are unknown. In most cases, medication is unnecessary.  There is no effective medication for every case of tics, but there are medications and therapies that can help when their use is warranted.  Explanation and  reassurance alone are often sufficient treatment; education is an important part of any treatment plan.
Tourette syndrome
Conduct disorder
Chronic tic disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Transient tic disorder
High-functioning autism
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder