There is a lack of consensus on the association of<unk><unk>  ovale and cryptogenic<unk> . While some studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of<unk><unk>  ovale in younger<unk> s with cryptogenic<unk> . Factors that might increase the occurrence of recurrent<unk>  in<unk> s with<unk><unk>  ovale are atrial septal aneurysm, bigger shunts and longer tunnels. Some systematic reviews done to compare medical versus percutaneous closure, found the rate of recurrent<unk> s with medical treatment to be greater than that with percutaneous closure. However, the results of these systematic reviews should be carefully interpreted, as the individual studies included in the review were very heterogeneous.
Patent foramen ovale and stroke
Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness
Atrial fibrillation acute myocardial infarction
Patent foramen ovale post-surgical complications
Atrial fibrillation hyperthyroidism
Atrial fibrillation Wolff-Parkinson-White preexcitation syndromes
ST elevation myocardial infarction recurrent ischemia/infarction
Atrial fibrillation hypertrophic cardiomyopathy