<unk>  <unk>  is a group of<unk> s characterized by an inability to attain complete expansion of the lungs. This may result from an abnormality in the parenchyma of the lungs or an abnormality outside the lung parenchyma (such as fluid accumulation or musculoskeletal abnormalities) hindering normal lung expansion and thus ability to ventilate normally.<unk> s presents with a<unk>  pattern on pulmonary function test and includes a decrease in total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiatory volume (FEV1), and a normal to increased FEV1/FVC ratio. Unlike obstructive lung<unk>  (characterized by air trapping within the lungs),<unk> s result in decreased lung volumes and a lower than normal amount of air within the lungs.<unk> s include acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, occupational lung<unk> s, pleural effusion, interstitial lung<unk> , sarcoidosis, and neuromuscular<unk> s such as scoliosis, muscular dystrophy, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and myasthenia gravis.
Restrictive lung disease
Obstructive lung disease
Alveolar lung disease
Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome
Interstitial lung disease
Asthma
Trapped lung
Hyperventilation syndrome