<unk>  is defined as the obstruction of the colon with no mechanical reason and thereby, it is called pseudo-obstruction (not a true obstruction). The colonic pseduo-obstruction pathogenesis is thought to be due to impairement of the autonomic nervous system. The impairment includes the parasympathetic fibers of S2-S4 ending up with atonic colon and obstruction. However, in some cases the autonomic plexus in the colon is intact. The pseudo-obstruction is commonly caused by trauma, major surgeries, and myocardial infarction.<unk>  must be differentiated from other causes of abdominal distention as volvulus and diverticulitis.The incidence of<unk> 's syndrome is 100 per 100,000 individuals.<unk> 's syndrome commonly affects patients more than 60 years and it is more prevelant int he men more than women. Common risk factors of<unk> 's syndrome include having neurologic disorders, taking narcotic medications, and trauma. If left untreated, of patients with acute colonic pseudo-obstruction may progress to develop intestinal perforation which is life threatening complication. Common complications of<unk> 's syndrome include colonic ischemia and intestinal perforation. Prognosis of<unk>  depends on the underlying cause of pseudo-obstruction. Common symptoms of<unk> 's syndrome include abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.The laboratory findings of colonic pseudo-obstruction may include leukocytosis due to the underlying disease not due to the pseudo-obstruction itself. Many patients with<unk>  may have metabolic imbalance which include hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. On abdominal x-ray,<unk>  is associtated with dilated bowel with air-filled colon and normal haustral markings. Abdominal CT scan is performed in suspected cases of colonic pseudo-obstruction to detect the site of the obstruction. Management of<unk>  depends mainly on the supportive care measures which include include treatment of the underlying cause of the obstruction, terminating the concurrent medications that may cause intestinal dysmotility, and administration of intravenous fluids and saline. Neostigmine can be used for the medical treatment in unresponsive cases to the supportive care. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either colonic ischemia, intestinal perforation, or sepsis. Surgical techniques include total colectomy, ileostomy, or Hartmann's procedure.
Ogilvie syndrome
Lucey-Driscoll syndrome
Johanson-Blizzard syndrome
Boyd-Stearns syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Ramos-Arroyo syndrome
Borjeson syndrome
Boerhaave syndrome