<unk>  is defined as a discomfort or distress felt posteriorly or in the midaxillary line below the rib and above the ilium. The pain is triggered by renal capsule distention which results in stimulation of specialized nerve endings.<unk>  originating from urinary tract pathology may be due to underlying obstruction, inflammation, or mass. Urologic etiologies such as renal calculus disease or acute pyelonephritis are considered as the most common causes; however, cardiac, intraabdominal, musculoskeletal, and psychological causes should be considered on a probable list. The kidney and its capsule are innervated by sensory fibers traveling to the T10-L1 spinal cord; hence, pain originating from it is often felt just lateral to the sacrospinalis muscle beneath the 12th rib posteriorly. The pain often radiates anteriorly and referred to the inguinal, labial, penile, or testicular areas. The quality and severity of the pain may aid in making the probable diagnosis as the severity of the pain generally correlates inversely with the duration of the problem. A dull and steady pain indicates the infectious etiology such as acute pyelonephritis; whereas pain that is due to an acutely obstructing calculus can be intense and sharp. Mild to moderate<unk>  is usually reported in the cases such as slowly enlarging ureteral tumor because it results in chronic gradual but possibly severe distention of the renal collecting system and capsule over a long period of time. Conversely, the acute<unk>  due to an obstructing renal calculus termed as renal colic is often severe and sharp as it results in sudden distention of the renal collecting system and capsule. It is important to determine if the pain represents an emergency condition or can be managed in the outpatient setting. When<unk>  is associated with fever, dehydration, nausea, vomiting or other comorbid medical conditions, such as diabetes, immunocompromised state, or pregnancy; hospital admission may be necessary to prevent possible complications such as pyelonephritis, urosepsis or even renal failure.
Flank pain
Elbow pain
Ankle pain and swelling
Knee pain
Toe pain and swelling
Leg pain
Interscapular pain
Inner bone pain