The main inciting event in the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is damage to mucosal injury. This mucosal injury can occur at various levels of GI tract. If the damage and bleeding is confined up to ligament of Treitz, it is defined as upper GI bleeding. Regardless of etiology, if the balance of gastric acid secretion and mucosal defenses is disrupted, acid interacts with the epithelium to cause damage.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding pathophysiology
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding pathophysiology
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors
Gastrointestinal varices pathophysiology
Diverticulosis risk factors
Gastrointestinal perforation pathophysiology
Nausea and vomiting pathophysiology