In statistics, a<unk>  is a<unk>  set up to be<unk> ified or refuted in order to support an alternate<unk> . When used, the<unk>  is presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a<unk>  test indicates otherwise.  In science, the<unk>  is used to test differences in treatment and control groups, and the assumption at the outset of the experiment is that no difference exists between the two groups for the variable being compared.
Null hypothesis
Founder effect
Confounding
Admissible decision rule
Autocovariance
Unblinding
Gauss–Markov theorem
Lotus effect