<unk> s are any biological, chemical, or sugery sensory points used to convey information about nanoparticles to the macroscopic world.  Though humans have not yet been able to synthesize<unk> s, predictions for their use mainly include various medicinal purposes and as gateways to building other nanoproducts, such as computer chips that work at the nanoscale and nanorobots.  Presently, there are several ways proposed to make<unk> s, including top-down lithography, bottom-up assembly, and molecular self-assembly.
Nanosensor
Biomarker
Chemiluminescence
Spectroscopy
Neural network
Neurochemistry
Genetic marker
Molecular mass