The normal physiological pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45. An increase above this range is known as alkalosis.<unk>  is a state where the body’s pH is more than 7.45 secondary to some respiratory or pulmonary cause.Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by the presence of low pCO2and high pH (>7.40).<unk>  occurs when a person breathes too quickly or too deep and carbon dioxide levels drop too low. This causes the pH of the blood to increase and become too alkaline. It is also known as the primary hypocapnia in which patients usually present with hyperventilation. The resultant alkalinization of body fluids is balanced by a decrease in serum [HCO3-]. Secondary hypocapnia should be differentiated from primary hypocapnia, as the former occurs in response to metabolic acidosis. When<unk>  develops, a decrease in serum [HCO3-] occurs within a few minutes. This is due to non-bicarbonate buffering as well as H+ release from tissues. This buffering from various sources persists for several hours, and the resultant acid-base disturbance is called acute<unk> . During acute<unk> , the H+ secretion in both proximal tubule and cortical collecting duct is suppressed. When alkalemia persists, renal compensation starts with a decrease in both H+ secretion and basolateral exit of [HCO3-]in the proximal tubule. This lowers more serum [HCO3-], due to which the pH is maintained close to normal. The complete renal compensation takes 2–3 days to occur, and when a new steady state is established, it is called chronic<unk> .
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Contraction alkalosis
Hypercapnia
Acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Hypobicarbonatemia