The transmission of pathogens occurs through the following routes: External trauma, direct spread from a perforated viscus, urogenital organ, perirectal abscess, and decubitus ulcer. Following transmission, the bacteria uses the entry site to invade the fascial planes which causes the wide spread necrosis of superficial fascia, deep fascia, subcutaneous fat, nerves, arteries, and veins. Superficial skin and deeper muscles are typically spared. In late stages, lesions develop liquefactive necrosis at all tissue levels. The development of cutaneous and subcutaneous vascular necrosis leads to local ischemia and further bacterial proliferation. The infection spreads from superficial (colles fascia) and deep fascial planes of genitalia to the overlying skin sparing the muscles. The infection then spreads from colles fascia to the penis and scrotum via Buck's and Dartos fascia or to the anterior abdominal wall via Scarpa's fascia or vice versa. The inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries supply the anterior abdominal wall, and the deep external pudendal and internal pudendal arteries supply the scrotal wall. Except for the internal pudendal artery, each of these vessels travels within Camper's fascia and can therefore become thrombosed in the progression of<unk>  gangrene. The common locations of<unk>  gangrene are perineum, scrotum, and penis. On gross pathology, the characteristic findings of<unk>  gangrene include: Subcutaneous emphysema, swollen scrotal wall, edema, erythema, bullae, skin sloughing. On microscopic histopathological analysis, the characteristic findings of<unk>  gangrene are Obliterative vasculitis with microangiopathic thrombosis, acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue, superficial hyaline necrosis along with edema and inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, dense neutrophil-predominant inflammatory infiltrate, noninflammatory intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage, and myonecrosis.
Fournier gangrene pathophysiology
Gangrene pathophysiology
Fournier gangrene risk factors
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Papillary muscle rupture pathophysiology
Clubbing pathophysiology
Cellulitis pathophysiology
Fournier gangrene causes