<unk>  is a treatment approach for adopted or fostered children who are thought to have symptoms of emotional disorders. It was originally developed by Daniel Hughes as an intervention for children whose emotional distress resulted from earlier separation from familiar caregivers. Hughes cites attachment theory and particularly the work of John Bowlby as theoretical motivations for<unk> .. However, other sources for this approach include the work of Stern. , who referred to the attunement of parents to infants' communication of emotion and needs, and of Tronick, who discussed the process of communicative mismatch and repair, in which parent and infant make repeated efforts until communication is successful.<unk><unk>  therapy principally involves creating a "playful, accepting, curious, and empathic" environment in which the therapist attunes to the child’s "subjective experiences" and reflects this back to the child by means of eye contact, facial expressions, gestures and movements, voice tone, timing and touch, "co-regulates" emotional affect and "co-constructs" an alternative autobiographical narrative with the child.<unk>  also makes use of cognitive-behavioral strategies. The "dyad" referred to must eventually be the parent-child dyad, but it is unclear how the transition is made from therapist-child to parent-child interactions.
Two studies by Arthur Becker-Weidman concluded that<unk><unk>  therapy is more effective than the "usual treatment methods" for reactive attachment disorder and complex trauma. 
According to the APSAC Taskforce Report and Reply, (Chaffin et al 2006),<unk>  does not meet the criteria for designation as "evidence based", but the approach has been described as a "supported and acceptable" treatment approach in a meta-analysis and systematic research synthesis evaluating treatment for foster children, (Craven & Lee 2006).
. Becker-Weidman and Hughes state that<unk>  meets the standards for non-coerciveness of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, The American Academy of Child Psychiatry, American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, National Association of Social Workers, and various other groups concerned with treatment of children and adolescents. Hughes website contains a list of attachment therapy techniques specifically forsworn by him.
Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy
Positive behavior support
Grief therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Neurolinguistic programming
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Mind–body intervention