<unk>  is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly (subfamily Phlebotominae). Although the majority of the literature mentions only one genus transmitting Leishmania to humans (Lutzomyia) in America, a 2003 study by Galati suggested a new classification for American sand flies, elevating several subgenera to the genus level. Elsewhere in the world, the genus Phlebotomus is considered the vector of<unk> .
Most forms of the disease are transmissible only from animals (zoonosis),  but some can be spread between humans. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals.  These include the L. donovani complex with three species (L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. chagasi); the L. mexicana complex with 3 main species (L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, and L. venezuelensis); L. tropica; L. major; L. aethiopica; and the subgenus Viannia with four main species (L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis, and L. (V.) peruviana).  The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, DNA sequence analysis, or monoclonal antibodies.
Cutaneous<unk>  is the most common form of<unk> . Visceral<unk>  is a severe form in which the parasites migrate to the vital organs.
Leishmaniasis
Isosporiasis
Tungiasis
Psittacosis
Onchocerciasis
Cyclosporiasis
Toxocariasis
Paraphimosis