<unk>  is a disease of the central nervous system and it’s known to be multi factorial. The most common risk factors in the development of<unk>  are<unk> oking, genetic, ethnic, infection, low vitamin D, and stress. Whatever the trigger is, it will lead to an acquired immune response followed by inflammatory reactions. These reactions lead to secretion of cytokines in the CNS parenchyma and activation of resident microglia. Microglia cells activate astrocytes to release more inflammatory cytokines, leading to recruitment and infiltration of circulatory leukocytes. This burst events cause destruction of myelin sheath and forms focal sclerotic white matter plaques, which are characteristic of<unk>  sclerotic disease. The onset of symptoms is mostly between the age of fifteen to forty years, rarely before age fifteen or after age sixty and include fatigue, mood problems, spasticity, bowel and bladder dysfunction, cognitive impairment, eye movement problems, heat sensitivity, incoordination, pain, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorder, vertigo and visual loss. There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of<unk> , but<unk>  can be diagnosed based on clinical presentation,  cerebral plaques on MRI , and oligoclonal bands in CSF analysis. The predominant therapy for<unk>  is disease-modifying treatment in relapsing-remitting<unk> ,  immunosuppressive threpay in progressive<unk>  and Glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbation.
Multiple sclerosis
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases
Multiple system atrophy
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Central pontine myelinolysis
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy