Trichinella spp. is usually transmitted to the human host by eating undercooked meat containing cysts of Trichinella spp. Following ingestion, exposure to gastric acid and pepsin release the larvae from the cysts and invade the small bowel mucosa. When an individual eats meat from an infected animal, Trichinella cysts break open in the intestines and grow into adult roundworms. Females are approximately 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is approximately four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate through the bloodstream to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. These organisms tend to invade muscle tissues, including the heart and diaphragm. They can also affect the lungs and brain. Characteristic findings on microscopic histopathological analysis of the muscle, the nurse cell has a collagen capsule with larvae inside and is surrounded by cellular infiltrates.
Trichinosis pathophysiology
Trichomoniasis pathophysiology
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