Genes involved in pathogenesis of<unk>  cerebri include p53, OLIG-2, Ki-67, EGFR, PTEN, VCAM1, VEGF, and gene on chromosomes 7q, 10q, and 13q.<unk>  cerebri may be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 and pilomatricoma. The most common form of GC which is astrocytic involves mutation in p53 and (isocitrate dehydrogenase) IDH1. On gross pathology,<unk>  cerebri is characterized by a diffuse astrocytic growth pattern involving at least three cerebral lobes and bilateral involvement of the cerebral hemispheres, deep gray matter, brainstem, or cerebellum. On microscopic histopathological examination,<unk>  cerebri is characterized by diffuse proliferation of immature glial elements resembling astrocytes, oligodendroglia, or undifferentiated cells with cytologic and nuclear atypia, calcifications, microcysts, and mitotic figures without the presence of any necrosis or microvascular proliferation.<unk>  cerebri is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers such as GFAP, S-100, and Ki-67.
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