<unk>   (also known as cervical dysplasia and<unk> , is the potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix.<unk>  was first discovered by Dr. Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou, a Greek pathologist, in 1927. There are 4 cytological classifications for<unk> : Bethesda system, Papanicolaou classification,<unk>  nomenclature, and dysplasia nomenclature.  The most common cytological classification systems for<unk>  is the Bethesda and<unk>  nomenclature.<unk>  may be classified according to Bethesda system by cytology description into 3 subtypes: atypical squamous cells, low grade squamous<unk>  lesion (LGSIL or LSIL), and high grade squamous<unk>  lesion (HGSIL or HSIL).  The pathogenesis of<unk>  is characterized by the premalignant transformation and abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of<unk> . The infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) leads to the first precursor lesion of<unk> , also known as the koilocyte, which is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for<unk> . According to the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines, indications for ablative surgery among patients with<unk>  should include: persistent low-grade<unk> ,<unk>  grade II and grade III. Common surgical procedures for<unk> , include cryocautery, electrocautery, laser cautery, and cervical conization.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Cervical dysplasia
Cervical polyp
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer pathophysiology
Vaginal cancer
Endometrial cancer