<unk>  <unk>  is the second most common cause of dementia following Alzheimer's disease. It usually affects patients aged > 50 years. The hallmark of<unk>  is the presence of<unk><unk> , which are intracytoplasmic inclusion<unk>  that contain synuclein proteins located in the cortical and subcortical neurons. However, these findings are not specific to<unk>  and may similarly be present in other neurodegenerative diseases. Although the majority of<unk>  cases are due to sporadic development,<unk>  may be familial, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Clinically,<unk>  is characterized by the development of a triad of features, namely cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms. The diagnosis of<unk>  is difficult, given the absence of distinguishing features on imaging and neuropathology. Instead, physicians should rely exclusively on the presence of core and suggestive clinical features that may distinguish<unk>  from other neurodenegerative disorders that cause dementia and symptoms of parkinsonism, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD). Distinguishing features of<unk>  include the presence of dementia followed by early parkinsonism symptoms within less than 1 year of symptoms-onset, vivid and detailed visual hallucinations, depressive symptoms, REM sleep disorders, neuroleptic sensitivity, early-onset postural instability and falls, and prominent visuospatial and verbal learning impairment. There is currently no cure for<unk> , but management is generally aimed at improving quality of life via pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as rivastigmine and memantine, have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of behavioral symptoms among patients with<unk> , and they are the first-line pharmacologic agents for the management of<unk> . The prognosis of<unk>  is poor with a median survival time comparable to that of AD (3-8 years), but more aggressive forms have also been described.
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Multiple system atrophy
Multi-infarct dementia
Semantic dementia
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Pick's disease
Alzheimer's disease