On gross pathology, seminoma is characterized by pale gray to yellow nodules that are uniform or slightly lobulated and often bulge from the cut surface.On microscopic pathology, seminoma is characterized by the cells with fried egg appearance with clear cytoplasm and central nucleus with prominent nucleolus, with interspersed lymphocytes and syncytiotrophoblasts. Approximately 24% of Stage I seminomas have lymphovascular invasion for stage I (Tx, N0, M0). Intertubular seminoma may not form a discrete mass and mimic a benign testis. Seminoma  is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers, such as OCT4, CD117, D2-40, and CD117.
Seminoma pathophysiology
Germinoma pathophysiology
Adrenolipoma pathophysiology
Hamartoma pathophysiology
Seminoma risk factors
Prolactinoma pathophysiology
Ovarian cancer pathophysiology
Struma ovarii pathophysiology