<unk>  is derived from the word kuaneos which is Greek for dark blue. It is categorized into two major types: peripheral and central<unk> .<unk>  is observed with an increase in the absolute concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin to a level of 3-5g/dl. A structured way of grouping the common causes of<unk>  is by using the ABC which stands for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the<unk> and congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the common causes of<unk> unk> . Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  are evident in the pregnancy and labor period. Prompt recognition, and administration of treatment modalities, with appropriate referral to the ideal hospital setting equipped to manage the diagnosis, can improve the prognosis. The primary symptom is the bluish/dark colored lips, mucous membrane, and/or hands and feet. Patients can have breathing difficulties which can be seen as nasal flaring and chest retractions. Findings from exam include lethargy, conjunctival injection, features of shock, and tachypnea. Laboratory findings include a complete blood count, and differentials showing packed cell volume (PCV) suggesting polycythemia, and white cell count (septicemia). ECG is used seldomly, however, it may aid in the diagnosis of arrhythmias and dextrocardia. X-rays can show pulmonary causes such as pulmonary hypoplasia and increased lung vascular markings in pulmonary edema, and bronchopneumonia. Echocardiography can be used when the diagnosis is equivocal or when physical exam findings and/or failed hyperoxia test suggests the presence of congenital heart disease. There are other imaging techniques used as adjuncts to making diagnoses. The immediate priority is to optimize the neonate, especially in severe<unk> . Surgery is employed for more definitive treatment. The preventive measures that can be adopted include pre-conceptual counseling for expectant mothers especially women who are above the age of 35 years, routine prenatal and postnatal care for early detection of congenital anomalies, and adequate preparedness for its management during pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
Cyanosis in newborns
Diabetes in children
Diarrhea in children
Jaundice in children
Chest pain in children
Hearing loss in infants
Fever in children
Cough in children