The development of this approach was done by Inoue in 1984 and Lock in 1985 for the treatment of mitral stenosis. For a long time, surgical<unk>  and open valve replacement were the only methods by which mitral stenosis could be corrected. PMBV can be performed in chronically symptomatic patients, patients who present emergently with cardiac arrest or pulmonary edema and in asymptomatic patients who plan on childbearing or major noncardiac surgery. There is improvement in the mortality rates for mitral stenosis by intervention by<unk>  mitral<unk>  valvotomy or surgery.  Mitral valvuloplasty is a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure to correct an uncomplicated mitral stenosis by dilating the valve using a<unk> . Under local anaesthetic, a catheter with a special<unk>  is passed from the right femoral vein, up the inferior vena cava and into the right atrium. The interatrial septum is punctured and the catheter passed into the left atrium using a "trans-septal technique". The<unk>  is sub-divided into 3 segments and is dilated in 3 stages. 1st the distal portion (lying in the left ventricle) is inflated and pulled against the valve cusps. Second the proximal portion is dilated, in order to fix the centre segment at the valve orifice. Finally the central section is inflated. This should take no longer than 30 seconds since full inflation obstructs the valve and causes congestion, leading to circulatory arrest and flash pulmonary edema.
Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy
Mitral valve repair
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Aortic stenosis valvuloplasty
Mitral valve replacement
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
Aortic valve repair
Cardiac resynchronization therapy procedure