Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with<unk><unk><unk><unk>  and is usually reserved for patients with either heart failure, acute valve rupture, or recurrence of thromboembolism despite adequate anticoagulation. It is important to weigh the risks associated with the patient's underlying condition with the benefits of surgery.
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis surgery
Myocarditis surgery
Endocarditis surgery
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection surgery
Endocarditis antithrombotic therapy
Tuberculous pericarditis surgery
Aortic dissection medical therapy
Aortic dissection surgery