Although not the most preferred methodology, chest x rays may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of a<unk>  anomalous pulmonary<unk><unk> . Findings commonly include evidence of increased vascular markings and cardiomegaly.
The presence of right ventricular dilation may be the first sign that PAPVC is present. The next step is to visualize all the major pulmonary veins and their points of insertion into the heart. The use of agitated saline and contrast echocardiography can be of help in more refined imaging of the<unk>  architecture and the<unk> s to the heart. When agitated saline is injected in the left arm vein, there may be negative contrast in the innominate vein at the side of the anomalous<unk>  drainage from a left pulmonary vein in patients with PAPVC. Transesophageal echocardiography may also be useful in further imaging the<unk>  structures.  Becuase PAPVC is associated with ASDs, the interatrial septum should be carefully evaluated.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection echocardiography
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection echocardiography
Tricuspid atresia echocardiography
Patent ductus arteriosus echocardiography
Transposition of the great vessels MRI
Patent ductus arteriosus physical examination
Transposition of the great vessels physical examination
Transposition of the great vessels echocardiography or ultrasound