Sodium regulation is key to maintain normal cellular function. The kidney is a major organ involved in sodium and water balance. Once water loss is excessive or sodium intake is high, sodium levels go up. However, osmoreceptors in our hypothalamus detect alterations in plasma osmolarity and stimulate the thirst response and the secretion of vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in order to restore the body's fluid balance. As a result, hypernatremia is seen when our body's defense against hyperosmolarity becomes overwhelmed or defective.
Hypernatremia pathophysiology
Hyponatremia pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia pathophysiology
Hypokalemia pathophysiology
Hypernatremia differential diagnosis
Hyperchloremia causes
Hypernatremia causes
Hypernatremia risk factors