Evaluation of the cardiovascular system (for planned operations or any follow up purpose) is essential in all<unk><unk> , whether or not the<unk> s are<unk>  as determined from prenatal studies.
Echocardiography and electrocardiography are performed to determine the presence of anomalies in the case of separate<unk> s and to determine the sites where the<unk> s are joined and the presence of abnormalities in the case of<unk> <unk> s.
Cardiac<unk>  catheterization was previously the essential for further diagnosis of complex congenital and acquired<unk>  anomalies, but nowadays this invasive method replaced by the three-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance angiography.
Cardiac magnetic resonance angiography provides precise anatomic information that may help to decide whether or not<unk>  separation should be attempted.
The presence of a single<unk>  beat on EKG usually indicates that successful cardiac separation would not be possible, but the presence of two separate beating systems does not necessarily indicate a better outcome.
The heart in conjoined twins
Infants with dextro-transposition of the great arteries
Single ventricle
Levo-transposition of the great arteries anatomy
Cyanosis in newborns
Aortic arch anomalies
Patent ductus arteriosus causes
Atrial septal defect post-surgical complications