Endoscopic procedures along with pharmacotherapy is the first line management of gastrointestinal<unk> . During endoscopic procedures the rate of hemostasis failure is almost 10%-20%, and mortality is approximately 60% if a second unsuccessful endoscopic treatment is performed without further intervention. In such situation surgical intervention may be required to achieve hemostasis and to stop the bleeding. Surgical shunts used for the management of bleeding gastrointestinal<unk>  include pericardial devascularization plus proximal splenorenal shunt, Warren shunt, interposition shunts, caval-mesenteric shunts, end-to-end portacaval shunts with hepatic arterialization, left gastric vena-caval shunt and conventional splenorenal shunt. Non-shunting surgical procedures include ligation of<unk>  and esophageal transection, splenic artery ligation and splenectomy.
Gastrointestinal varices surgery
Gastrointestinal varices medical therapy
Portal hypertension surgery
Jaundice surgery
Angiodysplasia surgery
Colon polyps surgery
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding surgery
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding surgery