<unk> s, or<unk>  beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise<unk> " or "knowing<unk> ") in the family Hominidae (the great apes). DNA evidence indicates that modern<unk> s originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Compared to other species,<unk> s have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection, and emotional suffering. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the forelimbs (arms) for manipulating objects, has allowed<unk> s to make far greater use of tools than any other species.<unk> s now inhabit every continent on Earth, except Antarctica (although several governments maintain permanent research stations there, inhabited for short periods by scientists and other researchers).<unk> s also now have a continuous presence in low Earth orbit, occupying the International Space Station. The<unk>  population on Earth now amounts to over 6.6 billion, as of May 2008.
Like most primates,<unk> s are social by nature. However, they are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression, exchanging of ideas, and organization.<unk> s create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families to nations. Social interactions between<unk> s have established an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws, which together form the basis of<unk>  society.<unk> s have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics, which, combined with the desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, literature and music.<unk> s are notable for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through science, philosophy, mythology and religion. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills;<unk> s are the only extant species known to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and manipulate and develop numerous other technologies.<unk> s pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education whether it is formal or informal.
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