Magnetic resonance imaging <unk>  can be used as a diagnostic tool in identifying an atrial septal<unk> . It also helps in visualization of the pulmonary veins, quantifying right ventricular volume and shunt size. Velocity-encoded, phase difference<unk>  can assess the magnitude of left-to-right shunting as reliably as is done by cardiac catheterization . Also, it has the advantage of being a non-invasive tool compared to the invasive cardiac catheterization. Additionally, phase-contrast cine<unk>  is more reliable than spin-echo images in determining the size of<unk>  that in turn helps to make a better therapeutics decision i.e. trans-cutaneous or the surgical closure .However, its current utility is limited for smaller<unk> s and in inconclusive echocardiography findings.
Atrial septal defect MRI
Atrial septal defect cardiac catheterization
Bicuspid aortic stenosis echocardiogram
Tricuspid stenosis MRI
Patent ductus arteriosus echocardiography
Tricuspid regurgitation electrocardiogram
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MRI
Atrial septal defect physical examination