Adrenal<unk>  is an asymptomatic adrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for a suspected adrenal disease. Malignancy is an uncommon cause of adrenal<unk> . In most cases, adrenal<unk> s are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas, although, they may secrete cortisol, catecholamines or aldosterone. Common causes of<unk>  include adenoma, carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, myelolipoma, and hemangioma. If left untreated, patients with adrenal<unk>  may progress to develop Dyslipidemia, Osteoporosis, Hyperglycemia, Malignant hypertension, Intracranial hemorrhage, Acute coronary syndrome, Aortic dissection, malignant transformation, and metastasis. Prevalence of adrenal<unk>  is 2% in autopsy studies and 3% in radiological studies. It may present with symptoms that are mainly subclinical such as subclinical Cushing's syndrome which includes diabetes, and a high incidence of vertebral fractures, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus, and evidence of atherosclerosis. Pheochromocytoma symptoms and signs are paroxysmal attacks of hypertension, palpitations, diaphoresis, headache, pallor, and tremor. Primary hyperaldosteronism patients show hypertension and hypokalemia. Abdominal CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenal<unk>  to the differentiation between benign and malignant<unk> . Malignancy is suggested on CT by a large diameter more than 6 cm, irregular border, inhomogeneity, a “washout” of contrast after 15 min of less than 40%, and calcifications. MRI has advantages in certain clinical situations. The advantages of MRI over CT are its lack of radiation exposure, lack of iodine-based contrast media and its superior tissue contrast resolution. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for<unk> s. Adrenalectomy for patients with hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, cortisol-secreting tumors, and adrenal<unk> s is safe and effective.
Incidentaloma
Malignant transformation
Benign tumor
Radiation injury
Vascular tissue neoplasm
Papilloma
Vascular tumor
Spontaneous process