<unk> s are mucosal folds that partially obstructs the esophageal lumen. The exact pathogenesis of<unk> s is not known but it is thought to be due to either esophageal inflammation, congenital anomaly, or iron deficiency. They can be classified into type A, B, and C according to their site and extent; type B being the most common. The most common causes are Plummer-Vinson syndrome, celiac sprue and Zenker’s diverticulum.<unk> s most commonly present with dysphagia that has a slow onset and is rarely complicated with weight loss.<unk> s must be differentiated from other causes of dysphagia such esophageal strictures and achalasia. In barium esophagogram,<unk> s appear as a uniform narrowing of the esophagus and on endoscopy,<unk> s appear as a smooth narrowing of the esophagus that is not present in the whole circumference of the lumen. Esophageal dilation is the cornerstone of treatment and it is effective in relieving the symptoms but with high recurrence rate.
Esophageal web
Nutcracker esophagus
Esophageal cyst
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
Achalasia
Barrett's esophagus
Esophageal candidiasis