Adverse selection, anti-selection, or negative selection is a term used in economics, insurance, statistics, and risk management. On the most abstract level, it refers to a market process in which bad results occur due to information asymmetries between buyers and sellers: the "bad" products or customers are more likely to be selected.  A bank that sets one price for all its checking account customers runs the risk of being adversely selected against by its high-balance, low-activity (and hence most profitable) customers.  Two ways to model adverse selection are with signaling games and  screening games.
Moral hazard
Biological hazard
Environmental radioactivity
Waterborne diseases
Sports injury
Vaccine controversy
Allergy causes
Off-label use