The<unk> , named after its inventor Stanislao<unk> , is a chemical<unk>  that involves the base-induced disproportionation of an aldehyde lacking a hydrogen atom in the alpha position.<unk>  first accomplished this transformation in 1853, when he obtained benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid from the treatment of benzaldehyde with potash (potassium carbonate).
The oxidation product is a carboxylic acid and the reduction product is an alcohol.  For aldehydes with a hydrogen atom alpha to the carbonyl, i.e. RCHR'CHO, the preferred<unk>  is an aldol condensation, originating from deprotonation of this hydrogen. Reviews have been published.
Cannizzaro reaction
Koebner phenomenon
Sunsetting sign
Glagov phenomenon
Quincke sign
Sabatier reaction
Ashrafian sign
Hill sign