<unk>  infection is a major global health issue, affecting 36.7 million people worldwide. The number of people living with<unk>  on antiretroviral therapy (ART) reached 17 million in 2015. Although ART has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality in individuals with<unk>  infection and can also prevent<unk>  transmission but it cannot eradicate<unk>  infection due to the persistence of a latent viral reservoir, hence the need for antiretroviral therapy ART is lifelong and the cost is substantial. Although antiretroviral therapy ART is highly efficacious in preventing transmission in the setting of mother to child transmission, in sexual transmission through the treatment of infected partners in relationships, through pre-exposure or or post-exposure prophylaxis, but all these scale-up difficulties and costs may make widespread implementation challenging. Thus an<unk>  is essential as it is a more sustainable solution.The development of a universal effective<unk>  is an exceptionally difficult biomedical challenge. Firstly, no case of natural eradication of<unk>  infection has been identified, thus mechanisms of protection have not been definitively established. Secondly, the extreme diversity of<unk>  is a major obstacle as strains belonging to different subtypes can differ by up to 35% in their envelope (Env) proteins.Thus, vaccine immunogens derived from a particular strain may not be effective against other strain. To generate an efficacious global vaccine, immunogens capable of generating protective responses covering most major strains are required.
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