<unk> , or open head injury, is a life-threatening condition in which the dura mater, is breached and there is a foreign body in the brain.<unk>  injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles such as bullets, or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain. Although<unk> es can be dramatic in appearance and presentation, the trajectory is of particular importance the case of gunshot wounds.<unk>  can cause loss of abilities controlled by parts of the brain that are damaged. Risk factors for<unk>  include violence, accidents, and suicide attempts. Some complications include Infection, abscess formation, cerebrospinal fistula, neuroendocrine dysfunction, cerebrospinal fluid leak, traumatic intracranial aneurysm, dural venous sinuses thrombus, and bullet fragment migration. Diagnosis is made by physical and neurologic exams, CT scan, and MRI.  Immediate neurosurgical consulting mandatory in all cases of<unk> es. Compared to close head injuries,<unk> es carries a worse prognosis.
Penetrating head injury
Traumatic brain injury
Closed head injury
Anoxic brain injury
Acquired brain injury
Cerebral contusion
Polytrauma
Barotrauma