A<unk>  <unk>  is a<unk>  between the pleural space and the bronchial tree. It is a sinus tract between the bronchus and the pleural space that may result from many reasons but most commonly following pneumectomy, or sometimes due to tumors at bronchial margin. It can also occur in response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy COpD, lymph node dissection, long term mechanical ventilation and infections. On imaging, the diagnosis is suspected indirectly on radiograph. Increased gas in the pneumonectomy operative bed, or new gas within a loculated effusion are highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Although radiograph can help in diagnosing it but CT gives a better picture.
It can present with acute or subacute symptoms. It presents with symptoms such as sudden onset dyspnea, chest pain, hemodynamic instability in acute setting. The subacute presentation shows up with emphysema, fever, malaise. Depending on how the patient presents, general suppprtive care and surgical repair are the treatment options.
Bronchopleural fistula
Round pneumonia
Tracheal diverticulum
Urinothorax
Pulmonary hematoma
Lung abscess
Chylothorax
Hydrothorax