Surgery for<unk>  is indicated if the cyst is non-echoic and greater than 5 cm in diameter (CE1m and l), contains daughter cysts (CE2), and/or is associated with the detachment of membranes (CE3), consists of multiple cysts that are accessible to be punctured, are infected or in the patients who fail to respond to chemotherapy alone. Puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration, also known as the PAIR protocol, is utilized for the surgical treatment of echinococcal cysts.
Echinococcosis surgery
Hepatic hemangioma surgery
Cholangiocarcinoma surgery
Hepatoblastoma surgery
Hepatocellular carcinoma surgery
Cryptococcosis surgery
Hepatocellular adenoma surgery
Toxic Adenoma surgery