<unk>  is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.<unk>  is usually produced by heating wood, sugar, bone char, or others substances in the absence of oxygen (see char).  The soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal and is 85% to 98% carbon with the remainder consisting of volatile chemicals and ash.
The first part of the word is of obscure origin, but the first use of the term "coal" in English was as a reference to<unk> . In this compound term, the prefix "chare-" meant "turn," with the literal meaning being "to turn to coal." The independent use of "char," meaning to scorch, to reduce to carbon, is comparatively recent and must be a back-formation from the earlier<unk> . It may be a use of the word charren or churn, meaning to turn, i.e. wood changed or turned to coal, or it may be from the French charbon. A person who manufactured<unk>  was formerly known as a collier (also as a wood collier).  The word "collier" was also used for those who mined or dealt in coal, and for the ships that transported it.
Charcoal
Perflubron
Indium oxyquinoline
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
Isosulfan blue
Manganese dioxide
Butocarboxim
Dicresyl