<unk>  (IO)<unk>  is the injection of fluids or medications directly into the bone marrow through a specialized<unk>  needle. Fluids and medications administered via IO<unk>  are picked up by the venous network draining the bone marrow for delivery to the central venous circulation.
This route of venous access is typically used when peripheral IV is not obtainable in a timely manner and central venous access via central line is not appropriate.
The purpose of<unk>  access could be fluid resuscitation, drug administration or blood sample collection for investigation.
Intraosseous infusion
Intramuscular injection
Machine perfusion
Intravenous therapy
Arterial line
Nasal spray
Catheter
Central venous catheter