<unk>  was first discivered by Jan G. Waldenstrom in 1960 “essential hyperglobulinemia” or “benign<unk><unk> ” and then as<unk>  by Robert A. Kyle in 1978. Introduced more than 35 years ago, the term<unk>  was used because of the increased risk of patients for the development of symptomatic MM, WM, Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, or a related disorder during long-term follow-up.<unk>  is a condition in which a low or non-quantifiable level of a<unk>  paraprotein is detected in the blood by means of protein electrophoresis. In addition, some patients develop a polyneuropathy (damage to peripheral nerves) or other problems related to the secreted antibody.<unk>  is distinct from multiple myeloma. Pathologically, the lesion in<unk>  is in fact very similar to that in multiple myeloma. What causes<unk>  to transform into multiple myeloma is as yet unknown. The most common causes of<unk>  classification are genetic mutations in genes like cyclin D1, FGFR-3, MMSET, C-MAF, and MAFB. Several other illnesses can present with a<unk><unk> , and the<unk>  protein may be the first discovery before a formal diagnosis is made like multiple myeloma, AIDS, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, particularly splenic marginal zone lymphoma and lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma. Several other illnesses can present with a<unk><unk> , and the<unk>  protein may be the first discovery before a formal diagnosis is made like multiple myeloma, AIDS, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, particularly splenic marginal zone lymphoma and lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma. The incidence of<unk>  is approximately 120 per 100,000 in men at age 50, and goes to 530 per 1000 by the age 90. Women however have 60 cases per 1000 at age 50 which goes upto 370 per 1000 at age 90. The prevalence of<unk>  is different in different populations. Frequent complications of<unk>  include fractures specially in lumbar vertebrae and thromboembolic phenomena.<unk> , is considered as a pre-malignant condition, and its transformation to multiple myeloma. However, as it mostly occurs in elderly, and its slow rate of progression, only a small proportion of people go on to develop a haematological malignancy. In patients with<unk> , although the actuarial risk of myeloma at 25 years of follow-up is 30%, the actual risk (when competing causes of death are taken into account) is only 11%. There is no single gold standard test for the diagnosis of<unk> . Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is donein all patients having M-protein level ≥1.5 g/dL. Diagnostic criteria depends on the type of<unk><unk>  like Non-IgM, IgM, or light chain<unk> . The criteria includes serum<unk>  proteins, plasma cells in the marrow and absence of systemic signs.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Familial renal amyloidosis
Familial amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma
POEMS syndrome
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Secondary amyloidosis