On microscopic histopathological analysis, uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular cytoplasm that is eosinophilic are characteristic findings of<unk> . Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include gains of 1p, 8p, and 12q and losses of 13q and 18q, duplication of the short arm of chromosome 12, loss of 1p and 6q, alterations in sex chromosomes in children, alterations of the p14 gene, mutations of the c-kit gene, aberrations of CCND2 (12P13), and RB1, and gain-of-function mutations of KIT. The progression to<unk>  usually involves the mutations of the KIT/RAS signalling or AKT1/mtor pathways and cyclin/CDK-RB-E2F pathway if CCND2 (12P13) and RB1 genes are aberrated.
Germinoma pathophysiology
Hamartoma pathophysiology
Myxoma pathophysiology
Prolactinoma pathophysiology
Ameloblastoma pathophysiology
Pituitary adenoma pathophysiology
Ependymoma pathophysiology
Seminoma pathophysiology