<unk>  <unk>  is a permanent localized<unk>  aortic dilatation that has at least a 50% diameter greater than normal size and three aortic walls which are called a true<unk> .Its shape could be fusiform or saccular. It classified to aortic root<unk> , ascending aorta<unk> , aortic arch<unk>  which is above the ligamentum arteriosum. Their pathophysiology is not related to typical arterial risk factors. It has a noncalciﬁed wall accompanied by no debris or clot and descending aorta and thoracoabdominal<unk> s, which are below the ligamentum arteriosum. The disease process primarily is atherosclerotic, with an irregular calciﬁed wall accompanied by debris and clot. Patients with<unk>  are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed during imaging studies for other diagnostic reasons. Only about 5% of patients experience symptoms before an acute event occurs, and for 95% of patients, death is the first “symptom", but if it's symptomatic, symptoms could be due to<unk> al dissection, rupture, or bony erosion, or due to mass effect from a large<unk> , presents with   Hoarseness due to pressure on  (recurrent laryngeal nerve), or  dyspnea due to mass effect on  (trachea, mainstem bronchus, pulmonary artery), or central venous hypertension (superior vena cava syndrome), dysphagia (esophagus), or due to rupture of<unk> s (rupture of an ascending aortic<unk>  which may cause cardiac tamponade or a rupture in the descending aorta may cause hemothorax, aortobronchial ﬁstula, or aortoesophageal ﬁstula. Screening for<unk>  is not recommended in the general population. certain population substrates, such as those with history of marfan's syndrome, turner's syndrome, ehlers-danlos type IV syndrome, familial<unk>  aortic disease syndromes, bicuspid aortic valve, takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, loeys-dietz syndrome or a confirmed genetic mutation known to predispose to familial aortic<unk> s ( TGFBR2,ACTA2, or MYH11) should have imaging study to screen for<unk> s.Once aortic dilation is suspected, based on echocardiography and/or chest X-ray, it is reasonable to obtain definitive aortic imaging with CT or magnetic resonance angiography(MRA). If the<unk>  is too small to justify surgery, non-surgical medical therapy is recommended, then repeat imaging at six months to document stability. If the aortic dimensions remain stable, annual follow-up with CT or MRA is reasonable. If a significant size has reached or growth has been documented, they may elect to undergo surgical repair. However, it is beneficial to have early discussions with the potential surgical candidate about the area of concern and its types of operations, outcomes, and associated risks and benefits.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Aortic aneurysm
Aortic dissection
Aortic rupture
Aortocaval compression syndrome
Aortic sclerosis
Iliac artery aneurysm
Acute aortic syndrome