<unk>  may be classified into two subtypes: testicular and extratesticular.Scrotal<unk> es may be differentiated according to clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, histological features, and genetic studies from other diseases that cause testicular<unk>  with discomfort, back pain, abdominal discomfort, or abdominal<unk> . If there is an acutely painful scrotum,there should be a strong suspicion for testicular torsion, which is an emergency condition, and emergent surgical referral should be strongly considered.Sonography may be performed if testicular torsion is not suspected to confirm the diagnosis. According to the TNM classification and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of testicular cancer based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional lymph nodes (abdominal retroperitoneal) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and serum tumor marker levels.Symptoms related with<unk>  will vary, depending on the cause of the<unk> , which include enlarged scrotum, painless or painful testicle lump, and feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Common physical examination findings of<unk>  include a tender<unk>  which is having a smooth, twisted, or irregular shape and liquid, firm, or solid in consistency. The ipsilateral inguinal lymph nodes may be enlarged or tender.The laboratory findings related with<unk>  may vary, depending on the cause of the<unk> .Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular tumors, may include elevated serum tumor markers such as AFP, LDH, or HCG. Imaging studies for<unk>  include<unk>  ultrasound, MRI, and chest x-ray.Biopsy should be performed in patients with<unk>  skin lesions to rule out skin cancer.
Scrotal mass
Prostatomegaly
Scrotal swelling
Penis enlargement
Testicular pain
Dilated rete testis
Epispadias
Testicular microlithiasis