In the majority of patients with<unk> , the constriction is located just distal to the subclavian artery. Due to the presence of constriction at isthmus (proximal to the descencing aorta) the pressure of blood proximal to constriction is high whereas the pressure distal to constriction is low. This leads to hypertension in the upper extremities (supplied by subclavian) and hypotension in lower extremities. The difference is usually in systolic blood pressure whereas the diastolic blood pressures are typically similar. Similarly, the pulses in upper extremities are bounding whereas the femoral pulses are often diminished (brachial-femoral delay). There are 3 potential sources of a murmur: multiple arterial collateral (continuous murmur), an associated bicuspid aortic valve (systolic ejection click), and the<unk>  itself which can be heard over the left infraclavicular area and under scapula. Murmurs due to associated cardiac abnormalities such as VSD or aortic valve stenosis, may also be detected. Neonates may present with discrepancies in blood pressure and pulses between the limbs, differential cyanosis or reversed differential cyanosis (depending on associated lesions), murmur, congestive heart failure, and shock. Older children and adolescent may be referred due to agitated behavior, headache, vision problem, and hypertension.
Aortic coarctation physical examination
Patent ductus arteriosus physical examination
Bicuspid aortic stenosis physical examination
Aortic stenosis physical examination
Tricuspid stenosis physical examination
Pulmonic regurgitation physical examination
Aortic regurgitation physical examination
Ventricular septal defect physical examination