<unk>  is inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In the Greek gastro- means the stomach and -itis means inflammation.  Depending on the cause, it may persist acutely or chronically and may coincide with more serious conditions such as atrophy of the stomach. In 1728, a German physician named Georg Ernst Stahl first used the term<unk> " to describe inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach. In 1982, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall discovered Helicobacter pylori which further led to the identification and classification of different<unk> es. In 2005,<unk>  staging using the OLGA (Operative Link on<unk>  Assessment) staging system for reporting gastric histology was introduced.<unk> , depending on the causes may be classified into acute<unk> , chronic<unk> , atrophic<unk> , and H.pylori associated<unk> . In the majority of patients presenting with acute<unk> , the initial acute phase is subclinical and is of short duration (about 7 to 10 days). Acute<unk>  also referred to as reactive<unk>  occurs as a result of the trigger by factors such as NSAIDs, stress, bile reflux, radiation, alcohol abuse, cocaine addiction and ischemic damage. In chronic<unk> , the H. pylori infection persists leading to accumulation of large number chronic inflammatory cells leading to active chronic<unk> .<unk>  must be differentiated from peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroenteritis, crohn's disease, gastrinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric lymphoma. In acute<unk> , the prevalence of eosinophilic<unk>  is approximately 6.3 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The incidence of new cases of H.pylori infection each year ranges from 3,000 to 10,000 per 100,000 individuals in developing countries. It has been observed that with advancing age, the incidence of H.pylori infection is increased. Common risk factors in the development of<unk>  include alcohol, NSAIDs, cocaine,  autoimmune<unk> , crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS and bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori. Less common risk factors in the development of<unk>  include, food poisoning (bacterial gastroenteritis), autoimmune<unk>  predisposing to vitamin B-12 deficiency and  other autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s disease and type 1 diabetes, stress as a result of major surgery or trauma or other illness, traumatic injury, burns or severe infections, bile reflux, low fiber diet, processed food as the primary source, pernicious anemia and viral and parasitic infections. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for<unk> . The increased risk of developing duodenal and peptic ulcers have been observed in individuals with persistent<unk> . Biopsies and routine evaluations may help predict the progression of<unk>  to the conditions such as the peptic ulcer disease. Complications of<unk>  may include, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric polyp, anemia due to erosive<unk> , vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anemia, gastric outlet obstruction. Prognosis for<unk>  is majorly dependent upon the type of<unk>  and etiological factors.  In chronic<unk>  associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, the prognosis is good. The triple therapy regimen may not be as effective when compared to quadruple bismuth-based regimen has proven to be very effective comparatively. If left untreated, Helicobacter pylori infection associated chronic<unk> , may progress to develop peptic ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma.
Gastritis
Iritis
Gingivitis
Stomatitis
Papillitis
Dyspepsia
Peptic ulcer
Rhinitis