The distinction between primary nd secondary mitral<unk>  (MR) is of utmost importance when determining the treatment strategies among patients with<unk>  MR.  Primary and secondary MR have a different underlying pathophysiology and therefore have different indications for surgery and medical therapy. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice among patients with<unk>  primary MR and left ventricular systolic dysfunction; nevertheless, medical therapy is warranted when surgery is delayed or not planned.  The cornerstone of the treatment of patients with<unk>  secondary MR with decreased ejection fraction is the standard regimen for the treatment of heart failure, which includes one or more of the following: beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or aldosterone antagonists.  Mitral valve surgery is indicated in some circumstances among patients with<unk>  severe secondary MR, particularly those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft or patients with NYHA class III/IV heart failure symptoms.
Chronic mitral regurgitation treatment
Acute mitral regurgitation treatment
Mitral regurgitation treatment
Bicuspid aortic stenosis treatment
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy medical treatment
Mitral stenosis treatment
Mitral regurgitation surgery procedure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy interventions