While echocardiography remains the diagnostic imaging modality of choice, cardiac<unk>  is useful to evaluate mitral stenosis when the results of the non-invasive testing are insufficient.  Simultaneous left and right heart<unk>  demonstrate a pressure gradient such that the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (a surrogate of the left atrial pressure) exceeds the left ventricular end diastolic pressure.
Mitral stenosis cardiac catheterization
Mitral stenosis electrocardiogram
Mitral stenosis physical examination
Tricuspid stenosis cardiac catheterization
Tricuspid stenosis electrocardiogram
Mitral regurgitation cardiac catheterization
Mitral regurgitation electrocardiogram
Mitral regurgitation physical examination