Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for patients with a symptoms or complications. Paraesophageal<unk> s can be repaired transabdominally or transthoracically. Laparoscopic approach is preferred for most patients. A  Nissen-fundoplication is usually done with the surgery. Overall mortality and morbidity rates associated with laparoscopic paraesophageal<unk>  repair are low. A fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall (anterior gastropexy) can be used to reduce the risk of gastric reherniation into the thoracic cavity. Complications include pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, postoperative leak, and recurrence.
Hiatus hernia surgery
Hirschsprung's disease surgery
Pyloric stenosis surgery
Plummer-Vinson syndrome surgery
Meckel's diverticulum surgery
Zenker's diverticulum surgery
Hiatus hernia medical therapy
Intussusception surgery