Pregnancy causes an increase in cardiac output and stroke volume. This can cause an increased left-to-right shunting of blood. Despite the increased workload on heart, females with isolated asymptomatic<unk><unk><unk> s tolerate the pregnancy well. Pregnant females with an<unk><unk><unk>  may have increased frequencies of some complications for instance arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and bleeding. Despite this, there are no studies suggesting that pregnancy requires different indications for closure in pregnant females with<unk><unk><unk>  compared to a non-pregnant female with<unk><unk><unk> . The ACC/AHA guidelines, however, do dictate clear deviations in course of treatment in certain special circumstances. According to ACC/AHA guidelines pregnancy could be harmful in females with<unk><unk><unk>  and severe pulmonary hypertension (Eisenmenger syndrome).
Atrial septal defect pregnancy
Atrial fibrillation pregnancy
Aortic regurgitation in pregnancy
Gestational hypertension
Gestational diabetes
Asthma in pregnancy
Cardiac disease in pregnancy labor and delivery
Cardiac disease in pregnancy and repaired congenital heart disease