A<unk>  is a monoclonal globulin<unk>  found in the blood or urine.  The isolated finding of a<unk>  is known as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance.  Finding this<unk>  in the context of end-organ manifestations such as renal failure, lytic bone disease, or anemia, or large numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients can be diagnostic of multiple myeloma.
The<unk> s are antibody immunoglobulin free light chains (paraproteins) and are produced by neoplastic plasma cells.  The light chains can be detected by heating or electrophoresis of concentrated urine. Light chains precipitate when heated to 50 - 60 degrees C and redisolve at 90 -100 degrees C. These tests are essential in patients suspected of having<unk> s in their urine as these<unk> s don't react with the reagents normally utilized in urinalysis dipsticks.  This leads to false negative results in people with<unk> s in their urine undergoing standard urinalysis.  There are various rarer conditions which can produce<unk> s, such as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and other malignanices.
The<unk>  was described by the English physician Henry<unk><unk>  in 1847 and published in 1848. The<unk>  was later sequenced by Frank Putnam at the laboratory of Fred Sanger in Cambridge, who was the first to report the entire sequence.
Bence Jones protein
Beta globulins
C4 glomerulopathy
C3 glomerulopathy
Cryoglobulinemia
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Thin basement membrane disease biopsy
Antinuclear antibodies