In aortic stenosis, as the aortic orifice area decreases the transvalvular gradient increases; in fact, when the aortic valve effective orifice area decreases below 1 cm2 the mean transvalvular gradient is expected to be greater than 40 mmHg.The transvalvular gradient is highly dependent on the<unk>  of blood through the valve; however, when severe systolic and/or diastolic myocardial dysfunction coexist with the aortic stenosis, there is a decrease in the<unk>  through the valve leading to a prominent decrease in the transvalvular gradient, a condition referred to as<unk>  (LF-LG AS).  LF-LG AS is a challenging diagnosis that must be done in order to tailor the management plan.  It is important to recognize this entity because it might lead to either underestimation or overestimation of the degree of severity of the aortic stenosis.  Two various scenarios occur in the setting of LF-LG AS depending on the status of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): LF-LG AS with low LVEF and LF-LG AS with normal LVEF.
Low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis
Low flow low gradient aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation in young patients
Bicuspid aortic stenosis pathophysiology
Bicuspid aortic stenosis anatomy
Double orifice mitral valve
Bicuspid aortic stenosis risk factors
Aortic regurgitation pathophysiology