<unk>  <unk>  is a disorder of the heart characterized by failure of the mitral valve to close properly during systole leading to blood leakage from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole.  Individuals with acute<unk>  may present with significant hemodynamic instability due to the sudden drop in cardiac output, leading to acute pulmonary edema, hypotension and possible cardiogenic shock. Individuals with chronic compensated<unk>  may be asymptomatic, with a normal exercise tolerance and no evidence of heart failure, or may present with fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.  The management of<unk>  includes afterload reduction with careful monitoring of fluid status, management of the underlying disease (CAD, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease), and early surgical intervention in severe cases. Ultimately, the management of<unk>  depends on the anatomy of the mitral valve, the acuteness of the disease process, and the severity of presentation.
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Functional mitral regurgitation
Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis