In clinical practice, the term "cardiomyopathy" had also been applied to diseases of known cardiovascular cause, including ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive cardiomyopathy. As a result, the 1995 WHO/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) Task Force on the Definition and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies expanded the classification to include all diseases affecting heart muscle and to take into consideration etiology as well as the dominant pathophysiology. In the 1995 classification, the cardiomyopathies were defined as "diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction." They were classified according to anatomy and physiology into the following types: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), and unclassified cardiomyopathies. Then, a 2006 AHA scientific statement proposed a contemporary definition and classification of the cardiomyopathies: "Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. Cardiomyopathies either are confined to the heart or are a part of generalized systemic disorders, often leading to cardiovascular death or progressive heart failure-related disability." As such, cardiomyopathies are categorized into two groups: Primary cardiomyopathies (predominantly involving the heart) which are subdivided into those which are genetic, mixed (predominantly nongenetic; less commonly genetic), or acquired, and the secondary cardiomyopathies (accompanied by other organ system involvement). Then, in 2008, the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases presented an update to the WHO/ISFC classification in which cardiomyopathy was defined as: "A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to explain the observed myocardial abnormality". Despite that, the term "cardiomyopathy" continues to be used in patients with ischemic, hypertensive, valvular and congenital heart diseases. refer to disorders of the heart muscle leading to its abnormal function and/or structure. It can generally be categorized into two groups (based on World Health Organization guidelines): extrinsic cardiomyopathies and intrinsic cardiomyopathies . Cardiomyopathy can be classified from a clinical standpoint, as to whether it is restrictive, dilated, or hypertrophic, and also by whether it is a primary cardiomyopathy or a secondary cardiomyopathy, as a result of another underlying process. In 2013, the MOGE(S) classification for a phenotype-genotype nomenclature of cardiomyopathies was proposed by the World Heart Federation. This classification suggests a nosology that addresses five characteristics of cardiomyopathic disorders: morphofunctional state (M), organ involvement (O), genetic inheritance (G), etiologic annotation (E) and functional state (S) according to ACC/AHA A-D stage and New York Heart Association (NYHA) I-IV functional class.
Cardiomyopathy classification
Ventricular remodeling classification
Dilated cardiomyopathy classification
Brugada syndrome classification
Cyanosis classification
Atherosclerosis classification
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy classification
Myocarditis classification