<unk>  is the act of simulating<unk> , which provides for the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external<unk>  and internal<unk> .  This means providing air for a person who is not breathing or is not making sufficient respiratory effort on their own (although it must be used on a patient with a beating heart or as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in order to achieve the internal<unk> .
Pulmonary ventilation (and hence external<unk>  is achieved through manual insufflation of the lungs either by the rescuer blowing in to the patient's lungs, or by using a mechanical device to do so.  This method of insufflation has been proved more effective than methods which involve mechanical manipulation of the patients chest or arms, such as the Silvester method.   It is also known as Expired Air Resuscitation (EAR), Expired Air Ventilation (EAV), mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or colloquially the kiss of life.<unk>  is a part of most protocols for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) making it an essential skill for first aid.   In some situations,<unk>  is also performed separately, for instance in near-drowning and opiate overdoses.  The performance of<unk>  in its own is now limited in most protocols to health professionals, whereas lay first aiders are advised to undertake full CPR in any case where the patient is not breathing sufficiently.
Artificial respiration
Mechanical ventilation
Medical ventilator
Intrapulmonary percussive ventilator
High frequency ventilation
Tracheostomy
Ventricular assist device
Positive pressure ventilation