High anti-spirochetal antibody levels (such as IgG, IgM and IgA) has been detected at indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among various antigens in borrelia burgdorferi, flagellum antigen is one of the recommended serologic evaluation in<unk>  chronica<unk>  patients. Diagnosis of<unk>  chronica<unk>  can be excluded if the serologic evaluataion is negative. Borrelia itself has been found in some of the skin samples. When clinical presentations are not clear enough, biopsy and histological evaluation can assist. Findings such as plasma cells, histiocytes and lymphocytic infiltration plus telangiectasia and thinning of dermis and epidermis are commonly found in skin biopsies.
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans laboratory findings
Eczema laboratory findings
Atopic dermatitis laboratory findings
Psoriasis laboratory findings
Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans physical examination
Atopic dermatitis physical examination
Impetigo laboratory findings
Stevens-Johnson syndrome physical examination