The<unk> , Inc. was organized as a subsidiary of the American<unk>  of Surgery in 1938. The<unk> , Inc. was given the status of a major specialty<unk>  in 1941. It is the one certifying body for<unk>  and Reconstructive surgery recognised by the American<unk>  of Medical Specialties.<unk>  certification has the following requirements:
Graduation from an accredited medical school
Completion of either:
at least three years of general surgery residency training
or a complete residency in neurological surgery, orthopaedic surgery, otolaryngology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, or urology.
As well as:
Completion of<unk>  surgery residency training of at least two years
Passing comprehensive oral and written exams
Currently,<unk>  certification must be renewed by examination every 10 years.
American Board of Plastic Surgery
American Society for Surgery of the Hand
Hand surgeon
Plastic surgery
Pediatric plastic surgery
Alloy
Alloplant
Surgical oncology