Penicillin remains the agent of choice for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for the primary<unk>  of early-onset Group<unk>  Streptococcal (GBS) infection, with ampicillin as an acceptable alternative.  Penicillin-allergic women who do not have a history of anaphylaxis, angioedema, respiratory distress, or urticaria following the administration of a penicillin or a cephalosporin should receive cefazolin.  Antimicrobial susceptibility testing should<unk> e ordered for antenatal GBS cultures performed on penicillin-allergic women at high risk for anaphylaxis<unk> ecause of a history of anaphylaxis, angioedema, respiratory distress, or urticaria following the administration of a penicillin or a cephalosporin.  Penicillin-allergic women at high risk for anaphylaxis should receive clindamycin if their GBS isolate is susceptible to clindamycin and erythromycin, as determined<unk> y antimicrobial susceptibility testing; if the isolate is sensitive to clindamycin<unk> ut resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin may<unk> e used if testing for inducible clindamycin resistance is negative. Penicillin-allergic women at high risk for anaphylaxis should receive vancomycin if their isolate is intrinsically resistant to clindamycin as determined<unk> y antimicrobial susceptibility testing, if the isolate demonstrates inducible resistance to clindamycin, or if susceptibility to<unk> oth agents is unknown.  GBS vaccines have<unk> een investigated as a tool for reducing maternal colonization and<unk> g transmission to neonates; however, no licensed vaccine is available currently. The measures used to prevent early-onset GBS disease also might prevent some perinatal maternal infections; however, they do not prevent late-onset infant disease.
Group B streptococcal infection primary prevention
Group B streptococcal infection secondary prevention
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus primary prevention
Group B streptococcal infection future or investigational therapies
Haemophilus influenzae infection primary prevention
Listeriosis secondary prevention
Listeriosis primary prevention
Group B streptococcal infection medical therapy