<unk><unk>  was first discovered by Friedrich Ludwig kreysig in 1817, a German physician who found the obstruction between the right atrium and right ventricle in the autopsy of cyanotic infants. The classic term of<unk><unk>  was used firstly by schuberg in 1861<unk><unk>  occurs during prenatal development. In<unk><unk> , there is no continuity between the right atrium and right ventricle. Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava collect venous nonoxygenated blood into the right atrium. Through atrial septal defect (ASD), blood  come into the left atrium, then left ventricle andaorta.This blood is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated O2. If there is a ventricular septal defect (VSD), this mixed blood in the left ventricle flows into the right ventricle, then via pulmonary artery reaches pulmonary bed and becomes oxygenated, then returns back into the left atrium viapulmonary veins. In diminished pulmonary blood flow whether the flow is dependent on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the mixed-blood in aorta flows from this passage intopulmonary artery and pulmonary bed. In the presence of normal positioning of great arteries, cyanosis is more prominent and is affected by the size of VSD. Transpositioning great arteries (TGA) and subaortic stenosis are other associated anomalies.
Tricuspid atresia pathophysiology
Ventricular septal defect pathophysiology
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection pathophysiology
Atrial septal defect pathophysiology
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection pathophysiology
Levo-transposition of the great arteries pathophysiology
Levo-transposition of the great arteries anatomy
Patent ductus arteriosus pathophysiology