The mainstay of treatment for nephrolithiasis is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either persistent and severe pain, renal failure, kidney infection and when stone fails to pass or move after 30 days. The surgeries which are being used currently include extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Kidney stone surgery
Kidney stone medical therapy
Pyelonephritis surgery
Renal amyloidosis surgery
Pyelonephritis interventions
Pyonephrosis surgery
Hydronephrosis surgery
Acute tubular necrosis surgery