The aims of treatment in a patient presenting with<unk>  gastrointestinal bleeding are to resuscitate the patient, identify the source of blood loss and stop any ongoing bleeding, and reduce the risk of a recurrent bleed. It is essential to identify patients who are high risk. This would include elderly patients; those with severe ongoing bleeding or recurrent bleeding; and patients with multiple comorbid conditions, in particular, those patients with cardiac, renal, respiratory, and liver disease. Treatment depends on the mode of presentation, the severity of the bleed, and the underlying pathology. Bleeding points can be treated with endoscopy, interventional radiology, or surgery. After identification of the source of bleeding using endoscopy, therapeutic options include monopolar or bipolar diathermy, argon plasma coagulation (APC), epinephrine injections, and endoloops and hemoclips, used individually or in combination. These methods can be used to treat many of the causes of LGIB, including diverticular bleeding, angiodysplasia, radiation proctitis, and post-polypectomy bleeding
interventional radiology can be used to visualize a bleeding vessel and to stop the bleeding through embolization of the vessel. Surgery may be required if less invasive measures cannot be applied or are not effective.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding initial resuscitation
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding initial resuscitation
Hematemesis other diagnostic studies
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding endoscopic intervention
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding other diagnostic studies
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding other diagnostic studies
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding endoscopic intervention
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding physical examination