Parathyroid adenoma results in an increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. Calcium-sensing receptor expression in reduced in parathyroid adenoma resulting in an increase in calcium sensing set point.The development of parathyroid adenoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations in minority of cases. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of parathyroid adenoma include calcium-sensing receptor gene, HRPT2 gene (CDC73 gene), Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1)/PRAD1 gene, MEN1 gene, and RET gene. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism are transmitted in autosomal dominant pattern. On gross pathology, parathyroid adenoma is a soft, tan nodule which is well-circumscribed by a delicate capsule. It is most commonly present in  single gland. Some times multiple glands are involved.The tissue of parathyroid gland that is not involved in parathyroid adenoma is typically atrophied and compressed.
Parathyroid adenoma pathophysiology
Parathyroid cancer pathophysiology
Adrenocortical carcinoma pathophysiology
Thyroid adenoma pathophysiology
Parathyroid adenoma causes
Pituitary adenoma pathophysiology
Parathyroid cancer risk factors
Medullary thyroid cancer pathophysiology