<unk>  is a variant of dermoid tumors of the ovary in which thyroid tissue components constitute fro more than 50% of the overall tissue.<unk>  is comparatively  a rare tumor which amounts to 1% of all<unk> n tumors and 2.7% of all dermoid tumors.<unk>  is a rare monodermal variant of<unk> n teratoma. In 1889 by Boettlin. By observing the<unk> s discovered the presence of thyroid follicular tissue in<unk> . It is thought that<unk>  is mediated by activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway as a critical step in tumorigenesis. Malignant<unk>  (MSO) are rare tumors which arise from ectopic thyroid tissue in the ovary which is benign. The cause of<unk>  has not been identified.<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases like benign and malignant<unk> n neoplasm,<unk> n cyst, endometrioma and tubo-ovarian abscess. In 2015, the incidence of<unk>  is approximately 220-240 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Risk factors in the development of<unk>  include elevated CA-125 levels, older age, postmenopausal status, and large tumor masses.  In cases of metastatic<unk>  post total thyroidectomy along with radioiodine scanning and radioiodine ablation, the thyroglobulin levels must be monitored as a tumor marker, and diagnostic radioiodine scans should be done to screen for residual or recurrent disease. If left untreated<unk>  may lead to thyrotoxicosis. Advanced disease may lead to malignancy, metastases, excessive hormone production and may prove fatal. The most feared complication of<unk>  is thyrotoxicosis. Other complications include due to metastasis of<unk>  oavrii. Prognosis is generally excellent under benign conditions and in malignant cases, adjuvant iodine-131 ablation with surgical extirpation has excellent prognosis. The most common presenting symptoms are pelvic pain, abdominal distension followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for<unk> . For benign cases of<unk>  the treatment is surgical resection only. For malignant cases of<unk>  an adjuvant treatment modalities such as radioiodine therapy and external beam radiation are recommended.
Struma ovarii
Postpartum thyroiditis
Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Prolactinoma
Ovarian fibroma
Postpartum thyroid dysfunction
Ectopic pregnancy
Hydatiform mole