<unk>  removal of the valve is necessary in patients who fail to clear micro-organisms from their blood in response to antibiotic therapy, or in patients who develop cardiac failure resulting from destruction of a valve by infection. A removed valve is usually replaced with an artificial valve which may either be mechanical (metallic) or obtained from an animal such as a pig; the latter are termed bioprosthetic valves.<unk>  treatment of endocarditis involves excision of all infected valve tissue, drainage and debridement of abscess cavities, repair or replacement of damaged valves, and repair of any associated pathology such as fistulas or septal defects.
Endocarditis surgical treatment
Endocarditis medical therapy
Acute mitral regurgitation treatment
Myocarditis medical therapy
Pericardial effusion treatment
Endocarditis antithrombotic therapy
Chronic mitral regurgitation treatment
Constrictive pericarditis medical therapy