<unk>  (N.Lat. scorbutus) is a deficiency disease that results from insufficient intake of  vitamin C, which is required for correct collagen synthesis in humans.  The scientific name of vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of<unk> , scorbutus.<unk>  leads to the formation of liver spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from  all mucous membranes.  The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. In advanced<unk>  there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth.<unk>   was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others who were on ships that were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods. It was described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC). Its cause and cure have been known in many native cultures since prehistory. For example, in 1536, the French explorer Jacques Cartier, exploring the St. Lawrence River, used the local natives' knowledge to save his men who were dying of<unk> . He boiled the needles of the arbor vitae tree (Eastern White Cedar) to make a tea that was later shown to contain 50 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams. However it was a Scottish surgeon in the British Royal Navy, James Lind (1716–1794) who first proved it could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book, A Treatise of the<unk> .
In infants,<unk>  is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945), a British physician who described it. (N.B. Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse.)  Other eponyms include Moeller's disease and Cheadle's disease.<unk>  or subclinical<unk>  is caused by the lack of vitamin C. In modern western society,<unk>  is rarely present in adults, although infants and elderly people are affected.  Vitamin C is destroyed by the process of pasteurization, so babies fed with ordinary bottled milk sometimes suffer from<unk>  if they are not provided with adequate vitamin supplements.  Virtually all commercially available baby formulas contain added vitamin C for this reason; however heat and storage destroy vitamin C.  Human breast milk contains sufficient vitamin C, if the mother has an adequate intake to prevent<unk>  on her own.<unk>  is one of the accompanying diseases of malnutrition (other such micronutrient deficiencies are beriberi or pellagra) and thus is still widespread in areas of the world depending on external food aid. Though rare, there are also documented cases of<unk>  due to poor dietary choices by people living in industrialized nations.
Scurvy
Porphyria
Acatalasemia
Basophilia
Achrestic anemia
Bandemia
Platinosis
Sideroblastic anemia electrocardiogram