The pathogenesis of acute human<unk>  is mainly related to egg deposition and liberation of antigens of adult worms and eggs. A strong inflammatory response characterized by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins 1, 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and circulating immune complexes participates in the pathogenesis of the acute phase of the disease. Schistosomes have a typical trematode vertebrate-invertebrate lifecycle, with humans being the definitive host. The life cycles of all five human schistosomes are broadly similar. Infection can occur by penetration of the human skin by cercaria or following the handling of contaminated soil. Cercaria gets transformed into migrating schistosomulum stage in the skin. The incubation period for acute<unk>  is usually 14-84 days. Both the early and late manifestations of<unk>  are immunologically mediated. The major pathology of infection occurs with chronic<unk>  in which retention of eggs in the host tissues is associated with chronic granulomatous injury.
Schistosomiasis pathophysiology
Strongyloidiasis pathophysiology
Cyclosporiasis pathophysiology
Cryptosporidiosis pathophysiology
Ascariasis pathophysiology
Microsporidiosis pathophysiology
Filariasis pathophysiology
Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology