<unk> s are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen which are present in common organic molecules.  The term<unk> " is archaic, since the intent of the definition is to describe ions, not chemical compounds or actual<unk> s. Furthermore, once dissolved, so-called<unk> s do not exist as such, sodium chloride breaks down into sodium ions and chloride ions in aqueous solution. Some dietitians recommend that these heavier elements should be supplied by ingesting specific foods (that are enriched in the element(s) of interest), compounds, and sometimes including even<unk> s, such as calcium carbonate. Sometimes these<unk> s" come from natural sources such as ground oyster shells. Sometimes<unk> s are added to the diet separately from food, such as<unk>  supplements, the most famous being iodine in "iodized salt."  Dirt eating, called pica or geophagy is practiced by some as a means of supplementing the diet with elements.  The chemical composition of soils will vary depending on the location.
Vitamins, which are not considered<unk> s, are organic compounds, some of which contain heavy elements such as iodine and cobalt.  The<unk>  focus on<unk> s" derives from an interest in supporting the biosynthetic apparatus with the required elemental components.  Appropriate intake levels of certain chemical elements is thus required to maintain optimal health.  Commonly, the requirements are met with a conventional diet.  Excessive intake of any element (again, usually as an ion) will lead to poisoning.  For example, large doses of selenium are lethal.  On the other hand, large doses of zinc are less dangerous but can lead to a harmful copper deficiency (unless compensated for, as in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study).<unk> s classified as "macromineral"  are required in relatively large amounts.  Conversely "microminerals" or "trace<unk> s"  are required relatively in minute amounts.  There is no universally accepted definition of the difference between "large" and "small" amounts.
Dietary mineral
Dietary fiber
Nutrient
Unsaturated fat
Diet 
Biological pigment
Saturated fat
Nutrition