<unk>  of childhood (DAD) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), is defined as:<unk>  is a subtype of the ICD-10 category F94, "Disorders of social functioning with onset specific to childhood and adolescence". The other subtype of F94 is reactive<unk>  disorder of childhood (RAD – F94 .1).
Synonymous or similar disorders include Affectionless psychopathy and Institutional syndrome.
Within the ICD-10 category scheme,<unk>  specifically excludes Asperger syndrome (F84.5), hospitalism in children (F43.2), and hyperkinetic disorders (F90.-).
The DSM-IV distinguishes two categories of RAD: an inhibited subtype and a<unk>  subtype. The ICD-10 describes the former, emotionally withdrawn subtype as RAD and the latter subtype as<unk>  (DAD) (Zeanah et al., 2004).
Generally, the DSM-IV criteria for the inhibited subtype of RAD were generated by studies done on children who were maltreated or abused. Criteria for the DSM-IV<unk>  subtype of RAD were based on research on children raised in institutions (Zeanah, 1996). This is largely based on the fact that inhibited subtype of RAD is more prevalent in maltreated children, and the<unk>  subtype of RAD is more prevalent in children raised in institutions (Zeanah, 2000).
In a study by Zeanah, (Zeanah et al., 2004) on reactive<unk>  disorder in maltreated toddlers, the criteria for DSM-IV<unk>  RAD (i.e.<unk>  were:
For comparison, the criteria for DSM-IV inhibited RAD were:
The authors found that these two disorders were not completely independent; a few children may exhibit symptoms of both types of the disorder.
Disinhibited attachment disorder
Reactive attachment disorder
Attachment disorder
Frotteuristic disorder
Spectrum disorder
Emotionally unstable personality disorder
Self-defeating personality disorder
Sadistic personality disorder