In obstetrics,<unk>  are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus.
The<unk>  consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus. The<unk>  are important because they help determine the position and presentation of the fetus, which in conjunction with correct assessment of the shape of the maternal pelvis can indicate whether the delivery is going to be complicated, or whether a Cesarean section is necessary.
The examiner's skill and practice in performing the<unk>  are the primary factor in whether the fetal lie is correctly ascertained, and so the<unk>  are not truly diagnostic. Actual position can only be determined by ultrasound performed by a competent technician or professional.
Leopold's maneuvers
Phalen's maneuver
Carvallo's maneuver
Hill sign
Valsalva maneuver
Lopressor injection
Adson's sign
Kussmaul's sign