<unk> s are one of the most common injuries encountered in orthopedic practice. They make up 8%−15% of all bony injuries in adults. Abraham Colles is credited with description of the most common fracture pattern affecting distal end<unk>  in 1814, and is classically named after him. Colles’ fracture specifically is defined as metaphyseal injury of cortico-cancellous junction (within 2−3 cm of articular surface) of the distal<unk>  with characteristic dorsal tilt, dorsal shift, radial tilt, radial shift, supination and impaction. Smith's fractures, also referred to as reverse Colles’ fracture, have palmar tilt of the distal fragment. Barton's fracture is the displaced intra-articular coronal plane fracture-subluxation of dorsal lip of the distal<unk>  with displacement of carpus with the fragment. Reverse Barton's occurs with wrist in palmar-flexion and involves the volar lip. Chauffer's fracture was described as originally occurring due to backfire of the car starter handles in older models. It involves an intra-articular fracture of radial styloid of variable size.Intra-articular component in<unk> s usually signifies high-energy trauma occurring in young adults. High-energy injuries frequently cause shear and impacted fractures of the articular surface of the distal aspect of the<unk>  with displacement of the fracture fragments. The fracture pattern most commonly observed in geriatric age group is extra-articular while the high-energy intra-articular type is most frequent in young adult patients.There are multiple classifications available for<unk> s. The most common classification systems for<unk> s include Frykman, Melone, Fernández, Universal, and AO classification. Many<unk> s can be treated nonoperatively. Those that are undisplaced or minimally displaced can be treated in a cast for 6 weeks. Mainly type I and type IIA Melone's fracture can be managed conservatively. In elderly, cast immobilization provided functional outcomes similar to those achieved with surgical treatments. Surgical management of<unk>  can present many challenges, particularly in patients with multiple fracture fragments, extensive articular comminution, or metadiaphyseal bone loss. Understanding the column model of<unk> s and the goals of reconstruction can be extremely beneficial in preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making. Successful surgical management of complex<unk>  requires versatility in surgical approaches and techniques in addition to familiarity with a variety of fixation methods such as volar locking plate, dorsal locking plate, distraction bridge plate and external fixation.
Distal radius fracture
Humerus fracture
Ulnar fracture
Scapular fracture
Proximal humerus fracture
Ulnar bone fracture
Distal humerus fracture
Tibial plateau fracture