A<unk> , also known as arachnidism, is an injury resulting from the<unk>  of a<unk> . The effects of most<unk> s are not serious. Most<unk> s result in mild symptoms around the area of the<unk> . Rarely they may produce a necrotic skin wound or severe pain.:455
Most<unk> s do not cause<unk> s that are of importance. For a<unk>  to be significant, substantial envenomation is required.<unk> s from the widow<unk> s involve a neurotoxic venom which produces a condition known as latrodectism. Symptoms may include: pain which may be at the<unk>  or involve the chest and abdomen, sweating, muscle cramps and vomiting among others.<unk> s from the recluse<unk> s cause the condition loxoscelism, in which local necrosis of the surrounding skin and widespread breakdown of red blood cells may occur. Headaches, vomiting and a mild fever may also occur. Other<unk> s that can cause significant<unk> s include: the Australian funnel web<unk> s, the South American wandering<unk> , and the hobo<unk> .
Efforts to prevent<unk> s include clearing clutter and the use of pesticides. Most<unk> s are managed with supportive care such as NSAIDs (including ibuprofen) for pain and antihistamines for itchiness. Opioids may be used if the pain is severe. While an antivenom exists for black widow<unk>  venom it is associated with anaphylaxis and therefore not commonly used in the United States. Antivenom against funnel web<unk>  venom improves outcomes. Surgery may be required to repair the area of injured skin from some recluse<unk> s.<unk> s may be overdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Historically a number of conditions were attributed to<unk> s. In the Middle Ages a condition claimed to arise from<unk> s was tarantism, where people danced wildly. While necrosis has been attributed to the<unk> s of a number of<unk> s, good evidence only supports this for recluse<unk> s.
Spider bite
Insect bites and stings
Human biting injuries
Body piercing
Hand washing
Frostbite
Apex predator
Rattlesnake