<unk>  catheterization is useful to evaluate<unk>  regurgitation when the results of the non-invasive testing are insufficient.  In addition,<unk>  catheterization might be performed when there is lack of consistency between the clinical findings and the results of the non-invasive testing in order to rule out<unk>  etiologies or pulmonary hypertension as the cause of the patient's symptoms. Coronary angiography should be considered prior to<unk>  valve surgery among patients with risk factors of coronary artery disease among whom the underlying etiology of<unk>  regurgitation is suspected to be of ischemic origin.
Mitral regurgitation cardiac catheterization
Mitral stenosis physical examination
Mitral stenosis cardiac catheterization
Mitral stenosis electrocardiogram
Tricuspid regurgitation cardiac catheterization
Mitral regurgitation physical examination
Bicuspid aortic stenosis physical examination
Aortic regurgitation electrocardiogram