Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the agent causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is one of the leading infectious burdens globally and the fifth leading cause of disability in people of all ages. Belonging to the family of Retroviridae, it particularly infects the immune system cells such as CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. It has 2 serotypes with<unk> -1 being most virulent and pathogenic. It is transmitted via sexual fluids(vaginal and semen), blood by percutaneous inoculation, Placenta(vertical transmission from mother to fetus) and breast  milk. Due to competency of Antiretroviral therapy, it is now considered as a chronic illness seen most commonly in mono-sexual men. Initially, the symptoms are nonspecific until it develops into the last stage AIDS where the patient present with opportunistic infections due to suppressed immunity. It is diagnosed by PCR, ELISA, western blot and Rapid antigen testing. ART and vaccines have shown promising results in treatment and prevention respectively. As prevention is the foundation, CDC recommends screening mono-sexual men, pregnant women, drug abusers ad sexually active heterosexuals. Despite better treatment, it remains a serious disease that requires more effort by health care providers in terms of surveillance and education.
HIV
AIDS
Rubella
Syphilis
Neurosyphilis
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
COVID-19