The pathophysiology of<unk>  cancer depends on the histological subtype. There are two major subtypes of<unk>  cancer, adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors. While carcinoid tumors arises from enterochromaffin cells (Kulchitsky cells), which are secretory cells that are normally involved in neuroendocrine hormonal secretions, adenocarcinomas are the result of mutations in mucus producing epithelial cells. Their physiology, pathophysiology, genetic pathways, prognosis as well as epidemiology are different and hence, discussed separately. The progression to adenocarcinoma usually involves the KRAS, APC, TP53, and RAF pathways, while β-catenin, NF1, and MEN1 genes are major contributors of carcinoid tumors progression.
Appendix cancer pathophysiology
Oral cancer pathophysiology
Appendix cancer risk factors
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma risk factors
Vulvar cancer risk factors
Stomach cancer pathophysiology
Lymphadenopathy pathophysiology
Incidentaloma pathophysiology