Echocardiography is the best non-invasive test to evaluate the aortic valve anatomy and function. It is indicated in the case of presence of symptoms suggestive of valvular problems or in the case of detection of a systolic murmur with a grade greater than 3/6. Doppler echocardiography allows the measurement of the maximum jet velocity and can be used to estimate the effective orifice area of the aortic valve as well as the gradient across the aortic valve using the modified Bernoulli equation (gradient = 4 x velocity2).  The flow must be constant, so as the velocity increases, the valve area decreases proportionally. Attention to technical details is important as they may lead to underestimation of the severity of the<unk>  can also be used to assess the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Aortic stenosis echocardiography
Left ventricular hypertrophy echocardiography
Coronary angiography right coronary artery
Mitral stenosis echocardiography
Aortic stenosis physical examination
Aortic regurgitation echocardiography
Bicuspid aortic stenosis laboratory tests
Coronary angiography left coronary artery