The diagnostic work-up of<unk>  includes many lab studies including urine osmolarity which tells whether the kidney's function is altered or not. The water deprivation<unk> aims at diagnosing the cause of diabetes insipidus (DI). In response to water deprivation, fluid homeostatic mechanisms work to retain water by stimulating the secretion of a hormone called vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) from the posterior pituitary gland. Vasopressin exerts its effects on the medullary collecting ducts of the kidney where it increases water retention and thus maintaining normal osmolar balance. In patients with DI, this mechanism is impaired, either due to decreased ADH secretion (central DI) or renal resistance to ADH urine concentrating effects (nephrogenic DI) (see below for a more detailed discussion of this<unk> . Other lab studies can be done to investigate about adrenal or thyroid disease. Brain imagery can identify any cerebral process causing hypothalamic dysfunction.
Hypernatremia laboratory tests
Hypernatremia physical examination
Hyponatremia X-ray
Hyponatremia physical examination
Hyperkalemia physical examination
Hypocalcemia physical examination
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state physical examination
Hyperkalemia electrocardiogram