Anorectal abscess is secondary to blockade of the anal gland ducts, resulting in a infection of the gland. The anatomical position of the anal glands in relation to the anal canal is responsible for the variation in the location of the abscess. Initial infection occurs in the anal gland duct and it takes the path of least resistance. The anorectal abscess are classified into low abscess and high based on the location of the abscess. Patients with low abscess present with anal pain associated with bowel movement, and patients with high abscess present systemic manifestations such as fever and malaise in addition to anal pain. On examination tenderness and flactulance suggest anorectal abscess. It is an emergency condition and must be treated promptly within 24 hours of presentation as spread of infection can result in perineal cellulitis and sepsis. Incision and drainage is the definitive treatment and should be performed under local or general anesthesia based on the location of the abscess. With treatment prognosis is good but a risk of recurrence and formation of a fistula is high in patients with improper drainage and failure to identify existing fistula. Antibiotic therapy does not help with treatment of the infection and wound healing.
Perianal abscess
Anal fissure
Anal abscess
Anal fistula
Fecaloma
Anal dysplasia
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Colonic abscess