<unk>  (LSE) is a form of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) that is considered to be the most common cardiac manifestation seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. LSE is a term used for sterile and verrucous vegetations around the heart valves mostly affecting the mitral and aortic heart valves but other valves may also be involved. Valvular involvement in LSE may lead to valvular regurgitation, aortic insufficiency, thromboembolic cerebrovascular events, and increased risk of infective endocarditis. It is also usually associated with the other autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and some malignancies. Secondary APS has a higher rate of cardiac involvement as compared to primary APS, mostly due to the autoimmune causes related to the SLE. LSE can be complicated by embolic cerebrovascular disease, superimposed infective endocarditis, and peripheral arterial embolism. It is also associated with increased mortality, hence, early recognition of LSE and appropriate treatment are of significant importance in preventing any further complications.
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Loeffler endocarditis
Infective endocarditis
Cholesterol pericarditis
Giant cell myocarditis
Radiation induced pericarditis
Tuberculous pericarditis
Post myocardial infarction pericarditis