<unk>  is the inflammation of the parotid glands, represented by a visible swelling in the back of the mouth behind the ears.<unk>  can come from a variety of sources; the pathogenesis of<unk>  is dependent on the pathophysiology of the causative agent.<unk>  was first discovered by Hippocrates in the 5th century B.C.E. Claude D. Johnson M.D. and Ernest W. Goodpasture M.D. discovered the mumps virus, the most common cause of<unk> . The mumps virus was first isolated in 1945 by K. Habel and John Enders, leading to the first clinical trials to develop vaccinations. The mumps vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman and colleagues in December 1967, immunizing against the most common<unk>  cause. The most common causes of<unk>  are infectious, including mumps viral infections as well as infection due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It can also develop as a symptom of blockages, such as salivary gland stones and benign or malignant neoplasia, as well as from autoimmune conditions (such as Sjögren's syndrome) and in recurrent forms from unknown etiologies. Symptoms of<unk>  include abnormal tastes,difficulty opening mouth, dry mouth, fever, mouth or facial pain (particularly when chewing or swallowing), reddening of the face or upper neck, and facial swelling in front of the ears. The presence of swollen parotid glands, unilaterally or bilaterally, is diagnostic of<unk> .<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that present edematous swelling in the throat and neck. These diseases include retropharyngeal abscess, angioneurotic edema, salivary gland neoplasia, Sjögren's syndrome, and sialolithiasis and sialadenitis of the submandibular glands.<unk>  is most commonly seen in children and young adults that have not received the mumps vaccine, but can also be seen in perimenopausal women aged 40 and older. It is more common to see<unk>  in developing countries due to the lower prevalence of the mumps vaccine. Common risk factors for developing<unk>  are being between 6 months and 30 years old, lacking the mumps vaccine, lacking natural exposure to the mumps virus, being over 40 years old and perimenopausal if a woman, traveling to developing countries, malnutrition, immunosuppression, poor oral and external hygiene, and a reduced salivary flow rate.<unk>  is a self-limited condition that will usually resolve itself without treatment. The duration of<unk>  in a patient depends on the cause.<unk>  occurrences usually last between 3 and 7 days, rarely persisting for up to 2-3 weeks at a time. Recurrent<unk>  is usually self-limited, usually subsiding between the ages 10-15 and resolved by age 22. More severe cases may not resolve themselves and require more intensive intervention, such as parotidectomy. An abscess of the parotid gland is a complication of infectious<unk> . Prognosis is good, with the majority of<unk>  patients recovering fully with or without symptomatic treatment due to the self-limited nature of the disease.<unk>  therapy is primarily supportive and symptomatic: Common therapies include analgesics for pain, warm salt water rinses, lemon drops and lozenges to stimulate saliva flow to relieve pain. Other therapies are used to target the potential cause of the<unk> , including antiretroviral medication, antimicrobial therapy, anti-tuberculosis therapy, and sialendoscopy and parotid gland surgery. Effective preventative measures for<unk>  include the mumps vaccine, maintaining personal hygiene and limiting proximal contact with mumps or Staphyloccocus aureus infected individuals, limiting sexual contact with HIV-infected individuals and using condoms during sexual intercourse, and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine to prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Preventative measures for obstruction-based<unk>  include reducing risk factors for salivary gland stones and parotid gland neoplasia.
Parotitis
Proctitis
Appendicitis
Blebitis
Urethritis
Prostatitis
Vaginitis
Cervicitis