<unk>  is defined as the absence of a pulse or cardiac contractility despite the presence of electrocardiographic<unk> .  The most common causes are respiratory failure and hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ions (Acidosis), HypothermiaHyperkalemiaor Hypokalemia, Hypoglycemia, Tablets or Toxins (Drug overdose) such as beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, or calcium channel blockers, Tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis (Myocardial infarction), Thrombosis (Pulmonary embolism), Trauma (Hypovolemia from blood loss), Covid-19.<unk>  is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly if the underlying cause is not readily identifiable and treated. Absence of palpable pulse is the main finding. Echocardiogram can identify several rapidly reversible causes of<unk>  such as cardiac tamponade, myocardial infarction, cardiac rupture and underfilling of the ventricle due to hypovolemia. ECG findings shows sinus rhythm or sinus tachycardia, with discernible P waves and QRS complexes. Sometimes there is a bradycardia, with or without P waves, and often there is a wide QRS complex. According to the current American Heart Association-Advanced Cardiac Life Support (AHA-ACLS) guidelines CPR is the mainstay of treatment in all patients. Administering 100% oxygen to reverse hypoxia, intubate the patient, establishing IV access should be the priority. The mainstay of drug therapy for<unk>  is epinephrine 1mg every 3–5 minutes. Immediately after administering epinephrine attention should be directed to reverse any possible causes of<unk>  as they are the most common causes like hypovolemia (i.e. hypovolemic shock) which should be treated with IV fluidsor packed red blood cell transfusion.
Pulseless electrical activity
Persistent juvenile T-wave pattern
Retrograde P wave
Ventricular escape beat
Short PR interval
Low QRS voltage
Peaked T waves
Sine wave pattern