Most people with<unk>  kidneys are totally asymptomatic and their kidneys function normally throughout their lives. About quarter of cases are found incidentally, usually during a CT scan due to some other problem. Nonetheless, there are lots of other patients who are predisposed to certain medical sequel due to the embrogenesis or intrinsic anatomical abnormalities.
Horseshoe kidney pathophysiology
Horseshoe kidney epidemiology and demographics
Renal papillary necrosis pathophysiology
Adrenal hemorrhage pathophysiology
Renal artery stenosis pathophysiology
Renal cell carcinoma pathophysiology
Horseshoe kidney laboratory findings
Contrast induced nephropathy pathophysiology