The normal physiological pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45. An increase above this range is known to be Alkalosis.<unk>  is defined as a disease state where the blood pH is more than 7.45 due to secondary<unk>  processes. The primary pH buffers in maintaining chemical equilibrium of physiological Blood pH are alkaline Bicarbonate ions(HCO3) and acidic carbon dioxide(CO2). When there is an increased amount of Bicarbonate(HCO3) in the body or a decreased amount of carbon dioxide or a loss of hydrogen ions, it causes alkalosis.<unk>  occurs due to the trapping of Bicarbonate ions (HCO3) or loss of hydrogen ions in the body due to some<unk>  causes for example- gastrointestinal loss of hydrogen ions, intracellular shifting of hydrogen ions, renal hydrogen loss, increased bicarbonate ions in extracellular compartment, diuretic induced alkalosis or contraction alkalosis. Patient with normal renal physiology will compensate this increased amount of bicarbonate through excretion. But impaired renal function secondary to chloride depletion, hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, reduced glomerular function rate, reduced effective arterial blood volume (EABV)) in heart failure or cirrhosis will lead to<unk> . When the physiologic blood pH is above 7.45, it triggers the respiratory center to cause hypoventilation, thus decreased PCO2 leading to compensatory respiratory acidosis. The PCO2elevates from 0.5 to 0.7 mmHg per 1.0 mill mole elevation in plasma bicarbonate concentration. In severe<unk>  PCO2 can reach 60 mmHg. The mortality rate with<unk>  is 45% with arterial blood pH 7.55 to 80% with arterial blood pH of 7.65. Treatment is usually supportive based on cause of the disease.
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Acidosis
Hypercapnia
Respiratory acidosis
Contraction alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Hypobicarbonatemia