<unk>  was first discovered by Rokitansky, an English scientist, in 1852.<unk>  is the result of hematogenous or lymphatic spread of mycobacterium<unk> is to the pericardium. This causes acute inflammation of the pericardium and we may have polymorphonuclear (PMN) and leukocytes infiltration in the pericardium. This may lead to pericardial effusion and fibrinous changes of the pericardium. The visceral pericardium thickens with fibrin deposition (changes of constrictive pericarditis). There are four pathologic stages of involvement: stage 1 is presence of diffuse fibrin deposition, granulomas and abundant mycobacterium. Stage 2 is development of serous or serosanguineous pericardial effusion with a predominantly lymphocytic exudate with monocytes and foam cells. Stage 3 is absorption of the effusion with organization of granulomatous caseation and thickening of pericardium secondary to deposition of fibrin and collagen. Stage 4 is development of constrictive pericarditis. The pericardial space is obliterated by dense adhesions with marked thickening of parietal layer and replacement of granulomas by fibrous tissue. Conditions associated with<unk>  include pulmonary TB, HIV, malignancy, chemotherapy, and diabetes mellitus. On gross pathology, thickened pericardium, shaggy hemorrhage, and exudate are characteristic findings of<unk> . On microscopic histopathological analysis, acid fast bacilli is characteristic findings of<unk> . The prevalence of<unk>  is approximately 1-2% of patients with pulmonary<unk> is. Patients of all age groups may develop<unk> . The incidence of<unk>  increases with age.<unk>  commonly affects elderly.<unk>  usually affects individuals of the black race. Men are more commonly affected by<unk>  than female. Since the prevalence of<unk>  may follow<unk> is prevalence, The majority of<unk>  cases are reported in South Africa, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, India, and China. Patients with<unk>  may have a positive history of pulmonary TB, HIV infection, any Immune system dysfunction, elderly, black race, male gender, and living/traveling to TB endemic areas. Common symptoms of<unk>  include fever, weight loss, night sweat, cough, breathlessness, chest pain, malaise, and ankle edema. Patients with<unk>  usually appear Cachectic. They may have fever, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus, hypotension, tachypnea, JVP distension, kussmaul's sign, lymphadenopathy, ankle edama, pleura dullness, decreased breath sounds, pericardial knock, pericardial rub, fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung, hepatomegaly, ascites, distant heart sounds, displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of  cardiomegaly, friction rub, and S4. A 2 months course of isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and ethambutol followed by 4months course of isoniazid and rifampicin is shown to be effective for treatment of<unk> . Short course chemotherapy is beneficial in HIV infected patients. The mainstay of treatment for<unk>  is medical therapy. Pericardiectomy is usually reserved for patients resistance constrictive pericarditis.
Tuberculous pericarditis
Radiation induced pericarditis
Cholesterol pericarditis
Infective endocarditis
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Loeffler endocarditis
Constrictive pericarditis
Post myocardial infarction pericarditis