<unk>  occurs with sudden discontinuation of<unk>  intake after consumption of large quantities of<unk>  for more than two weeks. The incidence of<unk>  dependence is approximately 8 million individuals, annually, in the United States, and about 50% of them experience<unk>  symptoms with decreased or discontinuation of<unk>  consumption. Common symptoms of<unk>  may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, agitation, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, headache, diaphoresis, tremor, and the most severe symptoms in<unk>  include hallucinosis, seizures, and delirium tremens (DT). Symptoms of<unk>  usually resolve within seven days of<unk>  intake discontinuation. Most patients with<unk>  have mild symptoms and may be treated with outpatient management. 5% of patients with<unk>  will present with severe<unk>  characteristics including seizures and delirium tremens (DT). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria is used to diagnose<unk> . The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for<unk>  (CIWA-A) scale is used to assess the severity of<unk> . Benzodiazepines are currently the gold standard treatment of<unk>  such as diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, and oxazepam. Other drugs that may be used are phenobarbital, propofol, and dexmedetomidine. Thiamine is usually administered for prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy (prior to glucose administration).
Alcohol withdrawal
Opiate withdrawal
Opioid withdrawal
Cocaine withdrawal
Narcolepsy
Marijuana intoxication
Amphetamine psychosis
Opioid overdose