The emergence of<unk>  to one or more antiretroviral drugs is one of the more common reasons for therapeutic failure in the treatment of<unk> . In addition, the emergence of<unk>  to one antiretroviral drug sometimes confers a reduction in or a loss of susceptibility to other or all drugs of the same class. The application of laboratory technologies, such as gene amplification, automated nucleic acid sequencing, and nucleic acid hybridization, and the availability of recombinant viruses for<unk>  phenotypic susceptibility have permitted advances in<unk> . Many clinicians and investigators are currently using these technologies in the clinical management of<unk> .
HIV resistance testing
Hepatitis E screening
Hepatitis C screening
Hepatitis B screening
Neurosyphilis screening
COVID-19 screening
St. Louis encephalitis screening
Toxoplasmosis screening