<unk>  is a common arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals within joints after chronic hyperuricaemia. It affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries, where it is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men. Epidemiological data are consistent with a rise in prevalence of<unk> . Diet and genetic polymorphisms of renal transporters of urate seem to be the main causal factors of primary<unk> .<unk>  and hyperuricaemia are associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine remain the most widely recommended drugs to treat acute attacks. Oral corticosteroids could be an alternative to these drugs. Interleukin 1beta is a pivotal mediator of acute<unk>  and could become a therapeutic target. When serum uric acid concentrations are lowered below monosodium urate saturation point, the crystals dissolve and<unk>  can be cured. Patient education, appropriate lifestyle advice, and treatment of comorbidities are an important part of management of patients with<unk> .<unk> , otherwise called as metabolic arthritis is a congenital disorder of Uric acid metabolism. In this condition, monosodium urate or uric acid crystals are deposited on the articular cartilage of joints, tendons and surrounding tissues due to elevated concentrations of uric acid in the blood stream. This provokes an inflammatory reaction of these tissues. These deposits often increase in size and burst through the skin to form sinuses discharging a chalky white material.<unk>  was first described by Egyptians in 2640 BC.
Hippocrates described podagra in 5th century BC as the unwalkable disease.
Galen described the monosodium urate crystal deposition following long standing hyperuricemia as Tophi. He described<unk>  as a discharge of the four humors of the body in unbalanced amounts into the joints.
The word<unk>  was first used in 1200s AD by   Dominican monk Randolphus of Bocking and was derived from the Latin word 'Gutta'.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus discovered many symptoms of<unk> .<unk>  occurs when mono-sodium urate crystals form on the articular cartilage of joints, on tendons, and in the surrounding tissues. Purine metabolism gives rise to uric acid, which is normally excreted in the urine. Defects in the kidney may cause uric acid to build up in the blood, leading to hyperuricemia, and the subsequent formation of<unk>  crystals.<unk>  needs to be differentiated from other diseases such as cellulitis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis and sarcoidosis as they present with similar symptoms.<unk>  affects men in age group 40-50 years. It is more common in people from the Pacific Islands, and New Zealand. In the United States,<unk>  is twice as prevalent in African American males as it is in Caucasians.
Several factors may put a person at risk for developing<unk> . These include the presence of; hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and alcohol abuse. Certain medications may also put a person at a higher risk for developing<unk> .
The prognosis of<unk>  is good if it is treated early, and if the person maintains a healthy lifestyle with modification of their individual risk factors.
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