<unk>  <unk>  is defined as<unk>  from the gastrointestinal tract that originates proximal to the ligament of Treitz. The most common causes of<unk>  are peptic ulcer disease and esophageal varices. Clinical presentation includes overt<unk>  from the gastrointestinal tract, rapid or slow, either manifested by hematemesis of fresh (blood-streaked to frankly bloody) or old ('coffee ground') vomitus, and/or melena. Initial management of<unk>  includes an assessment of the patient’s hemodynamic status and repletion of lost intravascular volume, if needed. Diagnosis is most often made during<unk>  endoscopy, which is usually performed within 24 hours of presentation,; sooner in patients who may be actively<unk>  or who are hemodynamically unstable. Treatment is most often a combination of medical and endoscopic therapy. Prognosis depends on the cause of<unk>  and the patient’s overall condition. Mortality from nonvariceal<unk>  is 10%; Mortality from variceal<unk>  is 20%. Despite advances in gastric acid suppression and endoscopic diagnosis and therapy, mortality rates have remained stable.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal varices
Oral ulcer
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Internal bleeding
Nosebleed
Peptic ulcer