<unk>  is part of the normal human gastrointestinal flora and is usually associated with development of urinary tract infections (most common), pnuemonia, and local wound infections by self-contamination. Following self-contamination,<unk>  accesses the urinary tract through the urethra and overproduces flagella (transforms from swimmer to swarmer) to ascend in a retrograde manner to the upper urinary tract. In the bladder,<unk>  uses fimbriae and adhesins to bind to mucosal surfaces. To avoid host defenses,<unk>  produces virulence factors, such as IgA-degrading<unk> e, hemolysin, and urease. As urease is produced, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbon dioxide, resulting in the increase in the local pH of the urinary tract and precipitation of magnesium and calcium ions. As ions precipitate, strutive (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones form and epxand, giving<unk>  the capacity to sequester within the stone cavities and to protect itself against the host defenses and antimicrobial agents.
Proteus infection pathophysiology
Toxic shock syndrome pathophysiology
Fungal meningitis pathophysiology
Group A streptococcal infection pathophysiology
Group B streptococcal infection pathophysiology
Serratia infection pathophysiology
Sepsis pathophysiology
Legionellosis pathophysiology