The preoperative assessment of patients undergoing surgery for<unk>  stenosis may include complete physical examination, echocardiogram (Doppler echocardiogram), cardiac catheterization, chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrophysiology tests
, exercise tests, holter monitor, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Aortic stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation
Mitral regurgitation surgery preoperative evaluation
Mitral stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation
Aortic regurgitation surgery valve selection
Aortic stenosis physical examination
Thoracic aortic aneurysm physical examination
Cardiac resynchronization therapy preoperative evaluation
Aortic regurgitation physical examination