Effective measures for the primary prevention of<unk><unk><unk>  include volume expansion and/or fluid therapy, optimization of blood pressure,tight glycemic control, avoidance of drug- and nephrotoxin-induced AKI, recheck renal function 48-72 hours following the radiological contrast media, and low doses of corticosteroids in septic shock patients.
Acute kidney injury primary prevention
Acute tubular necrosis primary prevention
Chronic renal failure primary prevention
Chronic renal failure secondary prevention
Hepatorenal syndrome secondary prevention
Renal papillary necrosis primary prevention
Acute liver failure secondary prevention
Papillorenal syndrome primary prevention