Pneumatic dilatation of the esophagus, which is an endoscopic technique where a high-pressure balloon is used to stretch the muscles of the LES, can be performed to improve symptoms.
In patients who have no response to medical or endoscopic therapy, surgery can be performed.  A Heller myotomy involves an incision to disrupt the LES and the myenteric plexus that innervates it.  It is used as a final treatment option in patients who do not respond to other therapies.
Nutcracker esophagus surgery
Esophageal stricture surgery
Oesophagostomum surgery
Esophageal candidiasis surgery
Achalasia surgery
Barrett's esophagus surgery
Diffuse esophageal spasm surgery
Dysphagia surgery