<unk>  (or perfect diamagnetism) is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of magnetic permeability (i.e. a magnetic susceptibility 
 
χ
v
{\displaystyle \ \chi _{v}}
 = −1) and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field.<unk>  is a feature of superconductivity. It was identified in 1933, by Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld (the Meissner effect).<unk>  established that the superconductivity of a material was a stage of phase transition. Superconducting magnetic levitation is due to<unk> , which repels a permanent magnet, and flux pinning, which prevents the magnet floating away.
Superdiamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Superparamagnetism
Epsilon wave
Thumbprinting
Peristalsis
Strangling