Infantile<unk>  is a condition that causes severe vomiting in the first few months of life.There is narrowing<unk>  of the opening from the stomach to the intestines, due to spasm and hypertrophy of the muscle surrounding this opening (the pylorus).<unk>  also occurs in adults where the cause is usually a narrowed pylorus due to scarring from chronic peptic ulceration. This is a completely different condition from the infantile form. There is chloride loss due persistent vomiting that results in hypochloremia which impairs the kidney's ability to excrete bicarbonate. Infantile hypertrophic<unk>  must be differentiated from other diseases that cause vomiting, poor feeding and dehydration, such as adrenal insufficiency, gastroenteritis, UTI, inborn errors of metabolism and acute renal failure. The hallmark of infantile<unk>  is progressively worsening vomiting within the first few weeks to months of life. A positive history of bottle feeding and cesarean section delivery is suggestive of infantile<unk> . Palpation of the abdomen may reveal a mass in the epigastrium. This mass consists of the enlarged pylorus smooth muscle and it is called olive.Ultrasonography is the the modality of choice for the diagnosis of infantile<unk> . Infantile<unk>  is typically managed with surgery. Ranstedt's extramuscular pyloromyotomy is the gold standard of treatment. After the surgery, once the stomach can empty into the duodenum, feeding can be started. There is occasionally recurrence in the immediate post-operative period, but the condition generally has no long-term impact on the child's future.
Pyloric stenosis
Gastric volvulus
Esophageal web
Hiatus hernia
Meatal stenosis
Esophageal atresia
Nutcracker esophagus
Duodenal atresia