The mainstay of treatment for VIPoma is surgery.  Hepatic artery embolization or transcatheter chemoembolization with doxorubicin or cisplatin is usually reserved for patients with liver metastases. Moreover, in patients with liver metastases less than 3 cm radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation can be used.
VIPoma interventions
VIPoma medical therapy
VIPoma surgery
Ependymoma surgery
Pituitary apoplexy surgery
Craniopharyngioma surgery
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma interventions
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma surgery