<unk> , as a method of execution, is the penetration of a human by an object such as a stake, pole, spear, or hook, often by complete or partial perforation of the torso. It was used particularly in response to "crimes against the state" and regarded across a number of cultures as a very harsh form of capital punishment and recorded in myth and art.<unk>  was also used during wartime to suppress rebellion, punish traitors or collaborators, and as a punishment for breaches of military discipline.
Offenses where<unk>  was occasionally employed include: contempt for the state's responsibility for safe roads and trade routes by committing highway robbery or grave robbery, violating state policies or monopolies, or subverting standards for trade. Offenders have also been impaled for a variety of cultural, sexual and religious reasons.
References to<unk>  in Babylonia and the Neo-Assyrian Empire are found as early as the 18th century BC. Within the Ottoman Empire, this form of execution continued into the 20th century.
Impalement
Avolition
Attachment 
Adaptive behavior
Valence 
Impaction
Information addiction
Doping 