<unk>  is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium much more commonly appearing in the mandible than the maxilla. While these tumors are rarely malignant or metastatic (that is, they rarely spread to other parts of the body), and progress slowly, the resulting lesions can cause severe<unk> normalities of the face and jaw.
Odontogenic tumors comprise of a complex group of lesions of diverse histopathological types and clinical behavior. Of all swellings of the oral cavity, 9% are odontogenic tumors and within this group,<unk>  accounts for 1% of lesions. WHO defines it as a locally invasive polymorphic neoplasia that often has a follicular or plexiform pattern in a fibrous stroma. Its behavior has been described as being benign but locally aggressive. In 20% of all cases the tumor can be found in the `maxilla, predominantly in the canine or molar region. Within the mandible, 70% are located in the molar region or the ascending ramus, 20% in the premolar region and 10% in the anterior part.<unk>  was first described in 1868 by Broca. Based on the location,<unk>  may be classified into either intra-osseous or extra-osseous. Based on the clinicoradiologic features,<unk>  may be classified into four groups: solid or multicystic, unicystic, peripheral, and malignant. On gross pathology, the characteristic findings of<unk>  may include solid and cystic, mulitcystic and intraosseous or extraosseous, or rarely unicystic.
On microscopic histopathological analysis, stellate reticulum, giant cells, subepithelial hyalinization, and columnar basal cells in palisading arrangement with vacuolated cytoplasm are characteristic findings of<unk> . The exact pathophysiology of<unk>  is not fully understood. It is thought that<unk>  is the result of either suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 that may inhibit the local invasiveness of<unk> , or there is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of<unk> s. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include BRAF V600E. There are no established causes for<unk> . It is thought that<unk>  is the result of either suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 that may inhibit the local invasiveness of<unk> , or there is also some research suggesting that α5β1 integrin may participate in the local invasiveness of<unk> s.
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of<unk>  include BRAF V600E. The incidence of<unk>  is approximately 1.96, 1.20, 0.18, and 0.44 per 100,000 for black males, black females, white males, and white females respectively worldwide.<unk>  affects men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to the<unk> .<unk>  usually occur in middle age group i.e. 20-40 years: the median age at diagnosis is 39 years. The incidence of<unk>  is approximately 1.96, 1.20, 0.18, and 0.44 per 100,000 for black males, black females, white males, and white females respectively worldwide.<unk>  affects men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to the<unk> .<unk>  usually occur in middle age group i.e. 20-40 years: the median age at diagnosis is 39 years. Symptoms of<unk>  include mouth sores, painless swelling, loose teeth, facial deformity, swelling and numbness of the jaw, pain surrounding the teeth or jaw, and pain associated with the tissue growth, if<unk>  spreads to the sinus cavities and floor of the nose. The mainstay of therapy for<unk>  is surgery. Adjunctive chemotherapy/radiation/chemoradiation may be required.
Ameloblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Hemangioblastoma
Pineoblastoma
Neuroma
Astrocytoma
Brown tumor
Schwannoma