The mainstay of treatment for DES is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with manometrically proven, symptomatic and those cases refractory to medical therapy
Diffuse esophageal spasm surgery
Esophageal candidiasis surgery
Esophageal stricture surgery
Barrett's esophagus surgery
Achalasia surgery
Nutcracker esophagus surgery
Esophageal cancer surgery
Odynophagia surgery