<unk>  is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by<unk>  virus, a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus that is transmitted to humans by the Mastomys natalensis rodent.<unk>  is endemic to West Africa with an annual incidence of 300,000 to 500,000 cases and a case fatality rate of approximately 5%-15%. Risk factors in the development of<unk>  include travel to endemic regions (West Africa), exposure to infected individuals or rodents, and occupational exposure in healthcare settings. Pregnant women, immunosuppressed patients, and young patients are at high risk of developing<unk> -associated complications. Following exposure, infected patients remain asymptomatic for approximately 3 to 21 days. The majority of patients experience no or mild clinical manifestations. Typically, patients first develop persistent high-grade fever and other non-specific signs and symptoms. If left untreated, the majority of cases self-resolve. However, clinical manifestations may progress, and patients may experience hemorrhage, deafness, edema, seizures, coma, and death.<unk>  is usually diagnosed by detection of<unk>  antibodies in the patient's serum using ELISA. The mainstay of therapy of<unk>  is antiviral therapy with ribavirin. Ribavirin has been demonstrated to be most effective when administered intravenously early in the course of the disease (optimal efficacy when administered early within the first 6 days of symptom-onset). In addition to antiviral therapy, patients should receive supportive care to adequately maintain respiratory status and fluid and electrolyte balance. While there is no vaccine against<unk> , avoiding infected individuals or rodents and proper handling of infected waste products are recommended for the primary prevention of<unk> .
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