The goals of chronic<unk>  management include pain control, management of pancreatic insufficiency by pancreatic enzyme replacement and management of complications. Pain is managed in a stepwise approach of general recommendations, pancreatic enzyme replacement, analgesics and invasive procedures. General recommendations usually include smoking cessation, cessation of alcohol intake, small meals and hydration. Medical therapy includes pancreatic enzyme supplementation, analgesics and antioxidants. Specialized approaches include celiac nerve block, endoscopic therapy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and radiation. Steatorrhea can be managed by dietary modification, lipase supplementation, vitamin supplementation, and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). Diabetes is usually managed with a trial of oral hypoglycemic agents followed by insulin therapy.
Chronic pancreatitis medical therapy
Autoimmune pancreatitis medical therapy
Hereditary pancreatitis medical therapy
Pancreatitis medical therapy
Chronic cholecystitis medical therapy
Gallstone disease medical therapy
Gallbladder cancer medical therapy
Gallstone disease surgery