ACCs are typically large tumors upon clinical presentation, often measuring more than 6 cm in diameter. They are bilateral in 2% to 10% of cases. Genetic basis of ACC depends on genomic aberrations that contribute to neoplastic transformation of<unk>  cells such as gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and epigenetic changes. Intracellular signaling can occur via three pathways: IGF pathway, WNT signaling pathway,  and Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. On gross pathology, a large tan-yellow surface with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis is a characteristic finding of<unk>  carcinoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, sheets of atypical cells with some resemblance to the cells of the normal adrenal cortex are a characteristic finding of<unk>  carcinoma. ACC may be associated with other neoplastic syndromes such as Lynch syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), Carney complex, and Neurofibromatosis type1.
Adrenocortical carcinoma pathophysiology
Parathyroid adenoma pathophysiology
Pituitary adenoma pathophysiology
Adrenocortical carcinoma risk factors
Renal oncocytoma pathophysiology
Metanephric adenoma pathophysiology
Adrenolipoma pathophysiology
Adrenocortical carcinoma other diagnostic studies