<unk>  is a rare and benign tumor of the peripheral nervous system that tends to affect children and young adults.<unk>  may be classified into two subtypes/groups:<unk> -maturing and<unk> -mature.<unk> s are derived from the primordial neural crest cells, which are undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. On gross pathology,<unk> s are characterized by solid, white, firm, well-circumscribed, and nodular tumors. On microscopic histopathological analysis,<unk> s are characterized by spindle-shaped cells with cell borders in a fibrillar matrix containing ganglion cells with large round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Ganglioglioma must be differentiated from neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, spinal schwannoma, spinal neurofibroma, adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. Females are more commonly affected with<unk>  than males. Common complications of<unk>  include paralysis, metastases, and local recurrence. The prognosis of<unk>  is excellent with treatment. Symptoms of<unk>  include dyspnea, chest pain, abdominal pain, bloating, pain and numbness in limbs, paresis, diarrhea, diaphoresis, and hirsuitism. Common physical examination findings of<unk>  include dyspnea, stridor, motor loss, sensory loss, diaphoresis, scoliosis, clitoromegaly, hirsuitism, and hypertension. On chest x-ray,<unk>  is characterized by a posterior mediastinal mass, which may cause rib spreading and foraminal erosion. On CT scan,<unk>  is characterized by a solid, well-circumscribed, and encapsulated mass that is iso to hypoattenuating to muscle. On MRI scan,<unk>  is characterized by a well circumscribed and encapsulatated mass with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and intermediate to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic<unk> . Adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be required.
Ganglioneuroma
Ganglion cyst
Neurofibroma
Glomus tumor
Neuroma
Villous adenoma
Lymphangioma
Schwannoma