Intervertebral<unk>  consists of 2 main parts, nucleus pulposus the central part, and annulus fibrosus the peripheral part. Intervertebral<unk>  occurs when nucleus pulposus protrudes through annulus fibrosus. Most commonly<unk>  is caused by degenerative changes and traumatic insults to the spine. Although, disc herniation can occur in any part of the vertebral column but lumbar<unk> s are far more common than disc herniations in other parts of the spine. Males, obese, smokers and heavy weight lifters are at increased risk of developing<unk> . Clinical features of the<unk>  vary depending upon the location and presence or absence of nerve impingement. Common clinical features include back pain, pain radiating to upper or lower extremity, motor weakness, numbness or tingling, absent deep tendon reflexes. MRI and CT scan have excellent sensitivity in diagnosing intervertebral<unk> . Conservative management starts with lifestyle modifications and medical therapy. Most of the patients get pain relief with conservative management. For severe or persistent cases surgical management can be used.
Disc slip
Spondylolisthesis
Occult fracture
Fracture nonunion
Compression fracture
Synarthrosis
Stress fracture
Degenerative disc disease