<unk>  virus <unk> V) is a single-stranded RNA virus that<unk> auses liver damage. Initially discovered in 1989,<unk> V was found to be a bloodborne infection that develops into a<unk> hronic state in most<unk> ases. Although the exact pathogenesis and life<unk> ycle of<unk> V are not well understood, it has been demonstrated that impaired innate and adaptive immunity to acute<unk> V may<unk> ontribute to the development of<unk> hronic infection. While the transfusion of blood and blood products along with injectable therapy were<unk> onsidered the most<unk> ommon risk factors for<unk> V in the past, the use of illegal intravenous drugs is<unk> urrently the most important risk factor. In the absence of treatment,<unk> hronic<unk> V leads to liver<unk> irrhosis several years after the initial infection, a<unk> ourse<unk> omplicated by decompensated liver failure or hepatocellular<unk> arcinoma. Other extra-hepatic manifestations are also<unk> ommon. Specific patient populations should be screened for<unk> V first using<unk> V serological testing or, rarely, directly by measuring<unk> V RNA in patients who have had previous<unk> V exposure, treatment-induced<unk> learance, or immunosuppression. The diagnosis is made when tests for anti-HCV and<unk> V RNA both return positive results. Measures to slow the progression of liver disease, such as vaccines against other diseases and increased awareness of the risks associated with the use of alcohol or drugs that injure the liver should be taken following diagnosis.<unk> lassically, interferon (IFN) therapy was used to treat<unk> V, followed by the use of ribavirin. More recently, protease inhibitors emerged as effective drugs of<unk> hoice for<unk> V infection.
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