Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and transcranial Doppler (TCD) are the commonly used diagnostic tools for patent<unk><unk> . Each method has its own advantage and disadvantages in diagnosing patent<unk><unk> . Transesophageal echocardiography is more sensitive in visualizing the interatrial septum, than transthoracic echocardiography and is the imaging modality of choice. Patients with clinical suspicion of patent<unk><unk>  and negative results with transthoracic echocardiography should be referred for a transesophageal echocardiography . Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with contrast at rest, with cough, and after valsalva maneuver is generally considered the most definitive diagnostic test for patent<unk><unk> . The performance of a bubble study on echocardiography is especially useful with small patent<unk><unk> .
Patent foramen ovale echocardiography
Left ventricular aneurysm CT
Patent foramen ovale screening
Torsades de pointes echocardiography
Tetralogy of fallot echocardiography
Cor triatriatum echocardiography
Patent foramen ovale CT
Left ventricular aneurysm MRI