In the pathogenesis of<unk>  myelitis, a variety of immunological mechanisms may cause pathological substrate and dysfunction of neural cells within the spinal cord.<unk>  myelitis is the result of progressive demyelination and axonal loss in addition to gray matter involvement, necrosis and cavitation.
It is understood that infections may cause<unk>  myelitis by:
Direct tissue damage
Immune-mediated infection-triggered tissue damage
Multiple sclerosis is the other cause to the<unk>  myelitis and it sometimes<unk>  myelitis can appear as the first symptom of Multiple sclerosis.
Acute partial<unk>  myelitis may be predictive of a subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in children.
Invariable histopathological findings of<unk>  myelitis include:
Perivascular spread of monocytes
Focal areas of lymphocytes infiltrating
Astroglial and microglial activation
Direct tissue damage
Immune-mediated infection-triggered tissue damage
Perivascular spread of monocytes
Focal areas of lymphocytes infiltrating
Astroglial and microglial activation
Other histopathological findings of<unk>  myelitis include:
Infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
Typically preservation of the subpial parenchyma suggesting ischemia as the ultimate cause of the cord lesions in<unk>  myelitis
Infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
Typically preservation of the subpial parenchyma suggesting ischemia as the ultimate cause of the cord lesions in<unk>  myelitis
Conditions that may cause<unk>  myelitis include:
Various infectionsin 30% to 60% of the cases:
Herpesviridae
Enteroviruses
Influenza viruses
Adenoviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan (ECHO) virus
Hepatitis A virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Rubella virus
Poliovirus
Rubeola virus
Dengue virus
Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus
Varicella virus
Mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria
Legionella pneumonia bacteria
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Borrelia (Lyme disease)
Listeria
Bartonella (cat scratch disease)
Vaccination
About 30% of pediatric cases are preceded with immunizations within one month of disease onset
Herpesviridae
Enteroviruses
Influenza viruses
Adenoviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan (ECHO) virus
Hepatitis A virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
Mumps virus
Measles virus
Rubella virus
Poliovirus
Rubeola virus
Dengue virus
Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus
Varicella virus
Mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria
Legionella pneumonia bacteria
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Borrelia (Lyme disease)
Listeria
Bartonella (cat scratch disease)
About 30% of pediatric cases are preceded with immunizations within one month of disease onset
Infections can cause<unk>  myelitis through two main mechanisms:
This immune response may be caused either by T-cell mediated immune response or by antibody-mediated immune response.
A non-microbial related immune dysfunction by the presence of autoantibodies has been also proposed in the immunopathogenesis of<unk>  myelitis.
In the spinal fluid of patients with<unk>  myelitis, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were also markedly elevated.
Transverse myelitis pathophysiology
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology
Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology
Adrenoleukodystrophy pathophysiology
Spinal cord compression pathophysiology
Evans syndrome pathophysiology
Vertebral osteomyelitis pathophysiology
Encephalopathy pathophysiology