<unk>  is a surgical procedure in which the vasa deferentia of a male mammal are cut for the purpose of sterilization. There are some variations on the procedure such as no-scalpel (keyhole)<unk> es,  in which a surgical hook, rather than a scalpel, is used to enter the scrotum.
After<unk> , the testes remain in the scrotum where Leydig cells continue to produce testosterone and other male hormones that continue to be secreted into the bloodstream. Some studies find that sexual desire (libido) is unaffected in over 90% of<unk> zed men
 
whereas other studies find higher rates of diminished sexual desire. 
 
The sperm-filled fluid from the testes contributes about 10% to the volume of an ejaculation (in men who are not<unk> zed) and does not significantly affect the appearance, texture, or taste of the ejaculate.
When the<unk>  is complete, sperm can no longer exit the body through the penis. They are broken down and absorbed by the body. Much fluid content is absorbed by membranes in the epididymis, and much solid content is broken down by macrophages and re-absorbed via the blood stream. Sperm is matured in the epididymis for about a month once it leaves the testicles. Approximately 50% of the sperm produced never make it to ejaculation in a non-vasectomized man. After<unk> , the membranes increase in size to absorb more fluid, and more macrophages are recruited to break down and re-absorb more of the solid content. The fraction of sperms that exceed the digestive capabilities of macrophages exit into the scrotum as sperm granulomas.
Vasectomy
Vaginectomy
Prolotherapy
Tubal ligation
Vaginoplasty
Dexamethasone implant
Hysterectomy
Gonadotropin preparations