<unk>  (BHS) or esophageal perforation, is the rupture of the esophageal wall. It is an emergency, life-threatening condition. It is most often caused by excessive vomiting, eating disorders such as bulimia, although it may rarely occur in extremely forceful coughing or other situations such as obstruction by food. It can cause pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum) and/or mediastinitis (inflammation of the mediastinum) and sepsis.<unk>  was first described in 1724 by the physician Herman<unk> , after whom it is named.<unk>  may be classified according to the location of involvement into three groups or according to the time of presentation into three groups of acute, subacute and chronic perforation. Some of the causes of BHS include seizures, severe straining, vomiting, child birth, Iatrogenic, prolonged coughing or laughing. It is important to differentiate BHS from other diseases that cause abdominal pain such as Mallory-Weiss<unk> , myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, and peptic ulcer disease. The incidence of<unk>  is 3.1 per 100,000 individuals. The most potent risk factor in the development of<unk>  is overindulgence in food and alcohol, Iatrogenic. Other risk factors include Eosinophilic esophagitis, medication-induced esophagitis, and infectious ulcers. The mainstay of therapy for BHS is conservative which consists of intravenous fluids instituted as soon as the diagnosis is suspected, antibiotics, nasogastric suction, NPO,  and adequate drainage with tube thoracostomy or formal thoracotomy. Surgical intervention is reserved primarily for the debridement of non-viable esophagus and repair of the perforation.
Boerhaave syndrome
Bland-White-Garland syndrome
Swyer's syndrome
Nutcracker esophagus
Bloom syndrome
Zenker's diverticulum
Esophageal varices
Barrett's esophagus