<unk>  is the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle in women without any pathological causes because of physiological deficiency of estrogen hormone production in women.<unk>  happens in women between 49 to 52 of age at the average. A woman is considered in<unk>  after amenorrhea for 12 months and she becomes suffering from the<unk> l symptoms.<unk>  is passes gradually through 3 stages until it reaches the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle. These stages include premenopause, Perimenopause, and postmenopause. Premenopause is a word used to describe the years leading up to the last period even when the levels of reproductive hormones are already becoming lower and more erratic, and symptoms of hormone withdrawal may be present. Perimenopause or<unk>  transition" means the<unk>  transition years, the years before and after the last period ever, when the majority of women find that they undergo at least some symptoms of hormonal change and fluctuation. Postmenopause, a woman has considered in post-menopause after amenorrhea more than 12 months. Several risk factors accelerate early<unk>  such as family history and cigarette smoking has been found to decrease the age at<unk>  by as much as one year and women who smoke have early<unk>  before non-smoking women.<unk>  should be differentiated from other diseases presenting with menstrual irregularities (oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea). The prevalence of<unk>  is estimated to be about 50 million cases worldwide annually. The common symptoms of<unk>  include hot flashes, night sweats, headach, palpitation, dyspareunia, stress incontinence, urgency, frequency, dysuria, anxiety, sleep disturbance, depression. Left untreated women, increased the risk of  hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. Common complications of<unk>  include cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoporosis. Generally, the prognosis of<unk>  is good with treatment and a healthy lifestyle include stop smoking, a healthy diet, and exercise.   An elevated serum of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) greater than 40 mIU/mL is diagnostic of<unk> .  Medical treatments of severe<unk> l symptoms include Hormone therapy(HT), non-hormonal therapy, and complementary or alternative therapies. Hormonal therapy (HT) provides the best relief, but it increases the relative risks of uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, thromboembolism, and coronary heart disease, especially in women who start HT after<unk> . A woman and her doctor should carefully review her symptoms and relative risk before determining whether the benefits of HT or other therapies outweigh the risks.
Menopause
Menstruation
Sexual maturity
Premenstrual syndrome
Secondary amenorrhea
Pregnancy
Menstrual cycle
Anovulation