<unk>  (abbreviated as<unk>  or<unk>  is an abnormal<unk> n which substitution of a glutamic acid residue with a lysine residue at the 6th position of the β-globin chain has occurred (E6K substitution). In those who are heterozygous for the mutation, about 28–44% of total<unk> Hb) is<unk> , and no anemia develops. In homozygotes, nearly all<unk> s in the<unk>  form, resulting in moderate normocytic hemolytic anemia.  Individuals heterozygous for both<unk>  and<unk>  <unk> C disease) or for<unk>  and thalassemia are known, and have atypical hemolytic anemias; sickling is enhanced in<unk> C disease.<unk>  is found predominantly in West Africa and has been shown to protect against severe malaria.
The "C" designation for<unk>  is from the name of the city where it was discovered—Christchurch, New Zealand.
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin E
Fetal hemoglobin
PolyHeme
Methaemoglobin
Beta globulins
Beta-2 transferrin
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria