The pathophysiology of hematuria depends on the underlying etiology. It is understood that glomerular hematuria is caused by either the dysfunction or damage of the glomerular filtration barrier(GFB). Molecular defects (COL4A5, COL4A3/COL4A4, COL4A1, Non muscle myosin IIA heavy chain, Fibronectin, etc.) might be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular hematuria. Gross pathology and microscopic pathology might differ depending on the underlying etiology of hematuria. The pathophysiology of non-glomerular hematuria might be depending on the underlying etiology. It is thought that non-glomerular hematuria is caused by either polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease and papillary necrosis, nephrolithiasis, trauma, leukemia, tumors, strenuous exercise, or infection. The pathophysiology of non-renal hematuria might be depending on the underlying etiology. It is thought that non-renal hematuria is the result of either stone, infection, tumor, trauma, urinary tract infection (UTI), irritation, or foreign body which might be originating from either the ureter, bladder, or urethra. It may also be caused by prostatic bleeding, vaginal bleeding, and endometriosis.
Hematuria pathophysiology
Pyelonephritis causes
Oliguria pathophysiology
Hematuria risk factors
Urethritis causes
Glomerulonephritis causes
Oliguria differential diagnosis
Pyonephrosis causes