<unk>  (also known as<unk> , is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the<unk> <unk>  cava. More than 60% of cases of<unk> <unk>  cava obstruction are caused by malignant causes, typically a tumor outside the vessel compressing the vessel wall. However, in 20% of the cases, the cause is benign. Characteristic features are edema (swelling due to excess fluid) of the face and arms and development of swollen collateral veins on the front of the chest wall. Shortness of breath and coughing are quite common symptoms; difficulty swallowing is reported  in 11% of cases, headache in 6%, and stridor in 4%. The prognosis is generally poor and the survival rate of patients with<unk>  is approximately 10-20% at 6 months. In less than 5% of cases of<unk> , severe neurological symptoms or airway compromise are reported. Treatment mainly consists of careful medical therapy (glucocorticoids) and surgery.
Superior vena cava syndrome
Mediastinitis
Aortocaval compression syndrome
Salcedo syndrome
Pulmonary hematoma
COACH syndrome
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Hemothorax