<unk>  <unk>  is the most common type of birth defect, accounting for about 1% of all cases . Although mild cases of<unk>  are not detected until after discharge, most of the critical<unk>  cases are identified soon after birth requiring surgery or catheter-based intervention in the first year of life.<unk>  is broadly classified into three major groups, namely, cyanotic<unk> , ductal-dependent<unk>  and critical<unk> . Cyanotic<unk>  involves defects that lead to mixing of deoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation. Ductal-dependent<unk>  relies on the patency of the ductus arteriosus for supply of blood to the pulmonary or systemic outflow which allows adequate mixing between the parallel circulations. Lesions requiring surgery or catheter-based intervention in the first year of life are referred to as critical<unk>  which includes ductal-dependent and cyanotic lesions, as well as forms of<unk>  that, although not requiring surgery in the neonatal period, do necessitate intervention in the first year of life, such as a big ventricular septal defect or an atrioventricular canal defect (or atrioventricular septal defect).
Congenital heart disease
Central nervous system disease
Structural heart disease
Brain damage
Neuromuscular disease
Central nervous system infection
Cardiac tumors
Neuromuscular junction disease