Otto Kernberg described<unk>  (also known as<unk> ic supply) as a syndrome characterized by a<unk> ic personality disorder (NPD), antisocial features, paranoid traits, and ego-syntonic aggression. An absence of conscience, a psychological need for power, and a sense of importance (grandiosity) are often symptomatic of<unk> . Pollock wrote: "The<unk>  is presented as pathologically grandiose, lacking in conscience and behavioral regulation with characteristic demonstrations of joyful cruelty and sadism." Kernberg claimed that<unk>  should be considered part of a spectrum of pathological<unk> , which he saw as ranging from the Cleckley's antisocial character (today's psychopath) at the high end of severity, to<unk> , to NPD at the low end.
Kernberg wrote that<unk>  can be differentiated from psychopathy because of the<unk> s' capacity to internalize "both aggressive and idealized superego precursors, leading to the idealization of the aggressive, sadistic features of the pathological grandiose self of these patients." According to Kernberg, the psychopaths' paranoid stance against external influences makes them unwilling to internalize even the values of the "aggressor," while<unk> s "have the capacity to admire powerful people, and can depend on sadistic and powerful but reliable parental images."<unk> s, in contrast to psychopaths, are also said to be capable of developing "some identification with other powerful idealized figures as part of a cohesive 'gang' ... which permits at least some loyalty and good object relations to be internalized."<unk>  is highlighted as a key area when it comes to the study of mass, sexual, and serial murder.[citation needed]
Barbara Oakley's Evil Genes describes the lack of scientific foundation or research involving the concept of<unk> .  A Medline survey conducted in 2007 showed no imaging, genetics, or other types of scientific research studies extant on the subject.  This contrasts with tens of thousands of studies on personality disorders and traits such as schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and the like.
Malignant narcissism
Homicidal ideation
Mirrored self-misidentification
Psychopathy
Anhedonia pathophysiology
Schizotypy
Rational addiction
Emotional dysregulation