Many factors have been associated with an increased risk of nephropathy in patients exposed to<unk>  media.  Pre-existing renal insufficiency, pre-existing diabetes, age, volume of CM, and reduced intravascular volume are examples for these risk factor.  The total risk rises as the number of risk factors increase, it has been recommended that every known risk factor should be analyzed, to properly evaluate a total cumulative risk of developing<unk><unk>  nephropathy.   A clinical prediction rule is available to estimate probability of nephropathy (increase ≥25% and/or ≥0.5 mg/dl in serum creatinine at 48 h)
Contrast induced nephropathy risk factors
Renal papillary necrosis risk factors
Contrast induced nephropathy pathophysiology
Renal artery stenosis risk factors
Renal artery stenosis pathophysiology
Renal artery stenosis causes
Renal amyloidosis causes
Analgesic nephropathy risk factors