<unk>  is usually an ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pyelum (pelvis) of the kidney (nephros in Greek). If the infection is severe, the term "urosepsis" is used interchangeably (sepsis being a systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to infection). It requires antibiotics as therapy, and treatment of any underlying causes to prevent recurrence. It is a form of nephritis. It can also be called pyelitis.
Pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Cystitis
Glomerulonephritis
Ureteral cancer
Glomerulonephrosis
Obstructive uropathy