<unk>  (also called gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma) can develop in any part of the<unk>  and may spread throughout the<unk>  and to other organs; particularly the esophagus and the small intestine.<unk>  causes nearly one million deaths worldwide per year. Risk factors vary according to the type of gastric cancer. Common risk factors for intestinal-type of<unk>  are chronic superficial gastritis caused by; Helicobacter pylori infection, pernicious anemia, a high salt diet, chronic inflammation results in epithelial cell damage. Risk factors for diffuse-type gastric cancer are salt and salt-preserved foods, nitroso compounds, fruits and fibers, obesity, smoking, Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal antinflammatory, Ebstien-Barr virus, gastric surgery, irradiation, and familial predisposition.<unk>  may be classified into adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and carcinoid tumor. Gastric cancer classifications are Padova classification that classified gastric cancer into five types according tot degree of dysplasia. Japanese classification subdivided gastric cancer according to the atypia degree to five types also. Symptoms of<unk>  include abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, hematemesis, melena, and dysphagia. Twenty-five percent of patients have a history of gastric ulcer. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most reliable diagnostic technique for evaluating the depth of invasion of primary gastric cancers. Endoscopic ultrasonography is not the procedure of choice for detecting lymph nodes. Abdominal CT<unk> an may be helpful in the diagnosis of<unk> . It is used to evaluate metastatic disease, especially hepatic or adnexal metastases, ascites, or distant nodal spread. Integrated PET/CT imaging can be useful to confirm malignant involvement of CT-detected lymphadenopathy. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for<unk> . endoscopic resection is suggested for early gastric cancer. There are criteria for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Methods for endoscopic resection include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection. The optimal therapy for<unk>  depends on the stage at diagnosis. It is indicated for; patients with unresectable or recurrent disease, after non-curative R2 resection, patients with unresectable T4b disease, extensive nodal disease, hepatic metastases, peritoneal dissemination or other M1 disease. Response to the treatment should be evaluated by examinations that may include CT, endoscopy and contrast radiography. Adjuvant therapy includes one cycle of fluorouracil (425 mg/m2) + leucovorin calcium (20 mg/m2) for five days followed by radiation therapy for one month given with the same chemotherapy regimen on days 1 through 4 and the last three days of the month. For patients with potentially resectable dsease not yet resected, neoadjuvant therapy is preferred over initial surgery.
Stomach cancer
Small intestine cancer
Oral ulcer
Oral cancer
Gastrointestinal varices
Head and neck cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Appendix cancer