<unk>  ("inflammation of the<unk> ums") is a terminology referring to the<unk> ingival inflammation caused by bacterial biofilms adherent to tooth surfaces which is also known as plaque. It is characterized by a site-specific reversible dental plaque‑induced inflammation of the<unk> ingiva without detectable bone loss or clinical attachment loss. It is commonly prevalent among people of all ages from children, adolescents to adults which is readily seen during the dental practices. The etiology of<unk>  is multi‑factorial which usually shows synergistic effect by more than one factor acting together from poor oral hygiene,<unk> enetic, socioeconomic, demographic, iatrogenic, to behavioral factors. These plethora of factors seem to influence the staging process; thus, making it complicated to identify the risk factors. It is initiated by substances derived from microbial plaque accumulating at or near the<unk> ingival sulcus; where, all other suspected local and systemic etiologic factors either enhance plaque accumulation or retention, or enhance the susceptibility of the<unk> ingival tissue to microbial attack. This results in an inflammatory reaction that were initially edematous and become more fibrotic as the condition persists. The earliest clinical sign of<unk> ingival inflammation is the transudation of<unk> ingival fluid. This thin cellular transudate is<unk> radually superseded by a fluid consisting of serum plus leucocytes. The redness of the<unk> ingival margin arises partly from the aggregation and enlargement of blood vessels in the immediate sub-epithelial connective tissue; and the loss of keratinization of the facial aspects of<unk> ingiva. However,<unk>  is commonly painless which rarely leads to spontaneous bleeding; thus, often associated with subtle clinical changes making most patients unaware of the disease or unable to recognize it. However,<unk>  has a clinical significance because it is considered the precursor of periodontitis, a disease characterized by<unk> ingival inflammation combined with connective tissue attachment and bone loss. Although, it is a reversible disorder and therapy is aimed primarily at controlling the causative or risk factors to reduce or eliminate inflammation and hence repairing the<unk> ingival tissues. Appropriate supportive periodontal maintenance through personal and professional care is important to prevent recurrences. Simple<unk>  is controlled by adequate oral hygienic measures with or without an antibacterial mouth rinse and thorough scaling via professional cleaning with hand or ultrasonic instruments.
Gingivitis
Iritis
Oral candidiasis
Conjunctivitis  
Conjunctivitis
Eyelash
Papillitis
Acne