A<unk>  is a pictorial display of a person's family relationships and medical history. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to visualize hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate relationships. It can be used to identify repetitive patterns of behavior and to recognize hereditary tendencies.<unk> s were first developed and popularized in clinical settings by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book titled<unk> s: Assessment and Intervention in 1985.<unk> s are now used by various groups of people in a variety of fields such as  genealogy, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, genetic research, education, and many more.  Some practitioners in personal and family therapy use<unk> s for personal records and/ or to explain family dynamics to the client.  Few if any genealogists use them.
Genogram
Karyotype
Cytogenetics
Obstetric ultrasonography
Amniocentesis
Steri strip
HCG pregnancy strip test
Physical examination