The<unk>  of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.  In animals without an erect stance, the<unk>  points upward and may slant forward or backward.<unk> es are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and<unk> aurus, where they form a sail- or finback.
Spinous process
Tendinous intersection
Intercalated disc
Intervertebral foramina
Plexus
Muscle fascicle
Lamina of the vertebral arch
Dendritic spine