Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for refractory<unk> . Refractory<unk>  is defined as<unk>  that can not be mobilized or the early recurrence of which can not be satisfactorily prevented by medical therapy. Large volume paracentesis is the choice treatment for patients with tense<unk> . Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) would be indicated when there is frequent (> 3 times per month) need for large volume paracentesis to manage<unk> . Liver transplantation is indicated for refractory<unk>  treatment in patients that can not be underwent TIPS.
Ascites surgery
Liver abscess surgery
Ascending cholangitis surgery
Peritonitis surgery
Choledocholithiasis surgery
Gallstone disease lithotripsy
Ascites medical therapy
Acute cholecystitis surgery