<unk><unk><unk>  is a<unk> -related breathing disorder with effects on cardiovascular system by increasing the risk of hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and heart<unk> .<unk><unk><unk>  contributes to the development and progression of HF. Hypoxia caused activation of inflammatory pathway leading to endothelial damage, atherogenesis, and heart<unk> . Activate profibrotic transforming growth factor-β during inflammatory process may cause increased deposition of extracellular matrix and consequent myocardial fibrosis and worsening LV diastolic function.
Congestive heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea
Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux
Unstable angina / non ST elevation myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus
Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness
Cardiac disease in pregnancy and pulmonary hypertension
Cardiac disease in pregnancy and valvular heart disease
Cardiac disease in pregnancy and peripartum cardiomyopathy
Cardiac disease in pregnancy and congenital heart disease