It is understood that<unk>  cancers occur as a the result of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol, tobacco and genetic factors. Cytotoxic enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase result in the production of free radicals and hydroxylation of DNA base units. Alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde which is cytotoxic in nature. Cigarette smoke has various carcinogens, which can lead to<unk>  cancers. Low-reactive free radicals in cigarette smoke interact with redox-active metals in saliva.The development of<unk>  cancer is the result of multiple genetic mutations. These mutations occur in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the<unk>  cavity. It typically has three gross morphological growth patterns, which are exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltrative. Microscopically,<unk>  cancers are broadly based and invasive through papillary fronds.<unk>  cancer consists of highly differentiated squamous cells lacking frank cytologic criteria of malignancy with rare mitoses.The surface of the lesion is covered with compressed invaginating folds of keratin layers. A stroma-like inflammatory reaction and a blunt pushing margin may be seen.
Oral cancer pathophysiology
Skin cancer pathophysiology
Salivary gland tumor pathophysiology
Appendix cancer pathophysiology
Laryngeal cancer pathophysiology
Basal cell carcinoma pathophysiology
Tongue cancer pathophysiology
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma risk factors