<unk>  is the branch of medicine that incorporates study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Etymologically the word<unk>  is formed of ancient Greek hepar(ηπαρ) or hepato-(ηπατο-) meaning ' liver' and suffix -logia(-λογια) meaning 'word' or 'speech'. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specialising solely on this area, who are called<unk> sts.
Diseases and complications related to viral hepatitis and alcohol are the main reason for seeking specialist advice. One third of world population has been infected with Hepatitis B virus at some point in their life. Although most of them would clear the virus from the body, approximately 350 million have become persistent carriers. Up to 80% of liver cancers can be attributed to either hepatitis B or Hepatitis C virus. In terms of number of mortality, the former is second only to smoking among known agents causing cancer. Hopefully, widespread implementation of vaccination and strict screening before blood transfusion are going to lower the infection rate in future.
However in many countries overall alcohol intake is on the rise and as one can expect, number of people with cirrhosis and other related complications are increasing.
Hepatology
Hematology
Neuroendocrinology
Rheumatology
Proctology
Oncology
Diabetology
Obstetrics