Tranesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of<unk>  foramen<unk>  although transthoracic echocardiography and transcranial ultradound can also be used. The diagnostic process requires injecting a saline contrast medium into a peripheral vein while the<unk>  performs the valsalva maneuver. Appearance of micro-bubbles are seen across the interatrial septum into the left atrium. The size of the shunt is determined by the number of micro-bubbles that pass through the interatrial septum within three cardiac cycles. Further investigation is not required after a negative transthoracic echocardiography or transcranial ultrasound except there is a high suspicion for a right-to-left shunt or the images are inadequate.
Patent foramen ovale echocardiography and ultrasound
Ebsteins anomaly of the tricuspid valve CT
Patent foramen ovale electrocardiogram
Ebsteins anomaly of the tricuspid valve MRI
Patent foramen ovale MRI
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia echocardiogram
Patent foramen ovale CT
Palpitation echocardiography and ultrasound