<unk>  or cardiac<unk> , is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage<unk>  failure or severe coronary artery disease when medical and device therapy have failed.  The most common procedure is to take a working<unk>  from a recently deceased organ donor (allograft) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own<unk>  may either be removed (orthotopic procedure) or, less commonly, left in to support the donor<unk>  (heterotopic procedure).
Cardiac<unk>  is reserved for patients with end-stage congestive<unk>  failure despite all interventions. 1 year survival is 80%, and 5 year survival is 60%. Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy is used to prevent (or postpone) rejection, but increases the risk for opportunistic infections and malignancies.
The indications for<unk>  include severe hemodynamic compromise due to<unk>  failure which equires IV inotropic support to maintain adequate organ perfusion; a peak Vo2 <10 ml/kg/min; NYHA Class IV symptoms not amenable to any other intervention; or recurrence of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias refractory to all therapeutic intervention.
Heart transplantation
Coronary artery bypass surgery
Dextrocardia surgery
Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery
Cardiac resynchronization therapy procedure
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
TAVR procedure
Pericardial window