<unk>  occur when there is a communication between aorta and adjacent pulmonary artery. It is a rare but has been thought to be uniformly fatal if not treated surgically. In the earlier experiences with this entity, a chronic infectious process arising in the lung (pneumonitis or abcess or aorta), mycotic aneurysm  was the most frequent cause. In recent decades, the reported<unk> s have occurred most frequently as the result of erosion and/or rupture of a degenerative or false aneurysm of the distal aortic arch or descending thoracic aorta into the left lung. It can occur either in the acute or chronic phase of aortic dissection, either with or without previous cardiovascular surgery. Hemoptysis is the most common presentation of<unk>  after cardiac surgery. The reported interval between the time of operation and the onset of hemoptysis ranges from 3 weeks to 25 years.<unk>  subsequently leads to several complications such as rapid left-to-right shunt and right heart failure. Diagnostic examinations are often unable to directly visualize a<unk> . Aortography is the gold standard. Indication for surgical or endovascular repair mostly relies on clinical suspicion and nonspecific diagnostic features. Aortobronchopulmonary<unk> s are uniformly fatal if untreated. The overall surgical mortality rate is 15.3%.
Aortopulmonary fistula
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Bronchial atresia
Double inferior vena cava
Pulmonary cystic lymphangiectasis
Ductus arteriosus aneurysm
Aortic arch anomalies
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection