Also called osteonecrosis, ischemic necrosis, bone infarction
Interruption in vascular supply leads to death of osteocytes and marrow, necrosis, and (eventually) collapse of dead segment
Sickle cell disease
Exogenous corticosteroids, Cushing's disease
Collagen vascular disease (e.g. SLE)
Chronic kidney disease (renal osteodystrophy), post-renal transplant
Pancreatitis
Radiation therapy
HIV
Caisson Disease (aka dysbarism)
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (may be atraumatic or minor trauma)
Idiopathic
Hip dislocation
High risk if not reduced within 6h
Femoral neck fracture
Major talus fracture (talar head/neck)
Navicular fracture (central part of bone is avascular)
Proximal humerus fracture
Risk factors: 4 part fractures, head split, short calcar segments, disrupted medial hinge
Elbow fractures
Trochlear fracture
Lateral or medial epicondyle fracture
Lunate fracture, Capitate fracture
High risk if not reduced within 6h
Risk factors: 4 part fractures, head split, short calcar segments, disrupted medial hinge
Trochlear fracture
Lateral or medial epicondyle fracture
Avascular necrosis
Vaso-occlusive pain crisis
Venous gangrene
Bony infarction
Osteomyelitis
Dactylitis
Diabetic foot infection
Avascular necrosis of femoral head