Caused by a pathologic pattern of brain cortex activity (time-limited paroxysmal events from abnormal rhythmic neuronal discharges) → involuntary movement or change in level of consciousness
11% of people will have at least one<unk>  in their lifetime
3% will have epilepsy (at least 2 unprovoked<unk> s)
In pregnancy >20 WGA or <4wks postpartum, need to consider eclampsia
Most<unk> s in pregnancy are not first-time<unk> s, but rather are due to medication noncompliance or pharmacokinetic drug changes as result of pregnancy
The most common etiology of<unk>  is noncompliance with medication
11% of people will have at least one<unk>  in their lifetime
3% will have epilepsy (at least 2 unprovoked<unk> s)
Most<unk> s in pregnancy are not first-time<unk> s, but rather are due to medication noncompliance or pharmacokinetic drug changes as result of pregnancy
Classification is based on the international classification from 1981; More recent terms suggested by the ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) task Force.
(Older term: partial<unk> s)
Without impairment in consciousness– (AKA Simple partial<unk> s)
With motor signs (ex. facial twiching or rhythmic ipsilateral extremity movements)
With sensory symptoms (ex. tingling or pereiving a certain smell)
With autonomic symptoms or signs (ex. tachycardia or diaphoresis)
With psychic symptoms (including aura, ex. sense of déjà-vu)
With impairment in consciousness - (AKA Complex Partial<unk> s--Older terms: temporal lobe or psychomotor<unk> s)
Simple partial onset, followed by impairment of consciousness
With impairment of consciousness at onset
These<unk> s may be accompanied by automatism (such as lip smacking and chewing, hand wringing, patting and rubbing)
Focal<unk> s evolving to secondarily generalized<unk> s
Simple partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
Complex partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
Simple partial<unk> s evolving to complex partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
With motor signs (ex. facial twiching or rhythmic ipsilateral extremity movements)
With sensory symptoms (ex. tingling or pereiving a certain smell)
With autonomic symptoms or signs (ex. tachycardia or diaphoresis)
With psychic symptoms (including aura, ex. sense of déjà-vu)
Simple partial onset, followed by impairment of consciousness
With impairment of consciousness at onset
These<unk> s may be accompanied by automatism (such as lip smacking and chewing, hand wringing, patting and rubbing)
Simple partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
Complex partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
Simple partial<unk> s evolving to complex partial<unk> s evolving to generalized<unk> s
Absence<unk> s (Older term: petit mal; brief dissociative states without postural changes)
Typical absence<unk> s
Atypical absence<unk> s (last longer and often include more motor involvement)
Myoclonic<unk>  (violent muscle contractions)
Clonic<unk> s (rhythmic jerking)
Tonic<unk> s (stiffening)
Tonic–clonic<unk> s (Older term: grand mal)
Atonic<unk> s (loss of muscle tone -> drop attacks)
Typical absence<unk> s
Atypical absence<unk> s (last longer and often include more motor involvement)
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy
Generalized tonic-clonic<unk>  is the major risk factor for SUDEP, and<unk>  freedom is strongly associated with decreased risk
Annual incidence of SUDEP in children is 1 in 4500
Incidence in adults is 1 in 1000
Annual incidence of SUDEP in children is 1 in 4500
Incidence in adults is 1 in 1000
Seizure
Epileptic seizure
Febrile seizure
First-time seizure
Status epilepticus
Seizure with known seizure disorder
Syncope
Syncope 