Typically a complication of PID, although inflammatory bowel, appendicitis, and hematologic nidius have been reported
Mortality if not ruptured: <1% if treated; 2-4% if untreated
Infections are often polymicrobial
Common organisms: Escherichia coli, aerobic streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus
N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are rarely culprit organisms
Common organisms: Escherichia coli, aerobic streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus
N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are rarely culprit organisms
Multiple sex partners
Age 15-25 years old
Prior history of PID
IUD (within 21 days of insertion)
HIV infection
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Pelvic origin
Ovarian cyst
Acute cystitis
Ovarian torsion
Ectopic
Ectopic pregnancy
Spermatocele