Also known as "enteric fever" (of which paratyphoid fever is an additional subset)
Diagnosed in 2% of febrile travelers and caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (formerly Salmonella typhi) serotype paratyphi A, B, and C
Endemic in Mexico, Indonesia, Peru, and the Indian subcontinent
Prior vaccination does not exclude infection
Incubation period 1-3 weeks with chronic carrier state defined as organism in urine or stool > 12 months
Chronic carrier state risk factors: biliary tract abnormalities
Typhoid fever
Viral hepatitis
Yellow fever
Amebic Liver Abscess
Murine typhus
Infectious enteritis
Drug fever
Normal causes of acute fever!