A rare but potentially lethal complication associated with the relief of (most commonly, chronic) urinary obstruction
May result in dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and death if not adequately treated
Post-obstructive diuresis
Osmotic diuresis
Contrast-induced nephropathy
Hyperglycemia
Dialysis-associated hypotension
Mannitol
Dehydration 
Drugs: diuretics, caffeine, acetazolamide, lithium