Clostridium botulinum produces toxin that blocks Ach release from presynaptic membrane
Ingestion of preformed heat-labile toxin
Cases due to:
Improper (home) canning
Black-tar heroin use
Wound infection (contaminated wounds, C-section, tooth abscess, sinus infection)
Symptoms begin 6-48 hr after exposure
Ingestion of preformed heat-labile toxin
Improper (home) canning
Black-tar heroin use
Wound infection (contaminated wounds, C-section, tooth abscess, sinus infection)
GI
nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea or constipation
Not seen in patients who contract<unk>  from heroin or contaminated wound
Neuro
Vertigo is common
Symmetrical descending weakness leading to flaccid paralysis
Cranial nerves and bublar muscles are affected first:  diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, poor gag reflex
Blurred vision and ptosis
Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Will progress to respiratory depression if not treated
Anticholinergic signs
Decreased salivation: due to cholinergic fiber blockage
Dry mouth, painful tongue, sore throat
Urinary retention, dry skin/eyes, hyperthermia
Dilated pupils (in contrast to patients with MG)
nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea or constipation
Not seen in patients who contract<unk>  from heroin or contaminated wound
Vertigo is common
Symmetrical descending weakness leading to flaccid paralysis
Cranial nerves and bublar muscles are affected first:  diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, poor gag reflex
Blurred vision and ptosis
Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Will progress to respiratory depression if not treated
Will progress to respiratory depression if not treated
Decreased salivation: due to cholinergic fiber blockage
Dry mouth, painful tongue, sore throat
Urinary retention, dry skin/eyes, hyperthermia
Dry mouth, painful tongue, sore throat
Botulism
Neuromuscular weakness
Tardive dyskinesia
Upper motor neuron:
Akathisia
CVA
Beer potomania syndrome
Hemorrhagic stroke