Posner called "In Defense Of The Electoral College:Five Reasons To Keep Our Despised Method Of ChoosingThe President" he states "there are...reasons for retaining the Electoral College despite its lack of democratic pedigree: all are practical reasons, not liberal or conservative reasons." Amongst these reasons one of them is the certainty of outcome and in source 3 paragraph 18 it states that "A dispute over the outcome of an Electoral College vote is possibleit happened in 2000but its less likely than a dispute over the popular vote.