Currently, efficacy in the treatment of vaccinia-related complications in humans is unknown. According to the CDC, “VIG isrecommended as first line of therapy. Cidofovir may be considered as a secondary treatment, and will only be released by the CDC after all inventories of VIG have been exhausted, after a patient fails to improve with VIG treatment, or as a last effort for a patient who is otherwise near death.” [Medical Management of Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Adverse Reactions: VacciniaImmune Globulin and Cidofovir. Last updated February 11, 2003.