21. Touat, M. et al. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of hypermutation in gliomas. Nature 580, 517–523 (2020). Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021 1DKTK (German Cancer Consortium) Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. 2Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. 3Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. 4Neurology Clinic, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 5NCT, Heidelberg, Germany. 6NCT Trial Center, NCT, Heidelberg, Germany. 7Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 8DKTK CCU Neuropathology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. 9Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 10Immunitrack, Copenhagen, Denmark. 11DKMS Life Science Lab GmbH, Dresden, Germany. 12Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 13Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 14Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. 15Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Medical Center, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 16Department of Neurosurgery, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 17Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 18Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 19Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Frankfurt, Germany. 20DKTK CCU Neurooncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany. ✉e-mail: m.platten@dkfz.de Methods Patients and trial design NOA16 was a non-controlled, open-label, single-arm, multicentre, first-in-humans phase I trial to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of eight repeated doses of IDH1-vac in patients with IDH1(R132H) +, non-1p/19q co-deleted, ATRX− WHO grade 3 and 4 gliomas. The study ran from May 2015 to November 2018 at seven trial centres in Germany (Supplementary Table 1).