Registration Procedures 4.1 All patients will be registered through the Department of Urology at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) or the Urology Service at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System (IC VAHCS). 4.2 Patients who are candidates for enrollment into the study will be evaluated for eligibility by the clinical investigators to ensure that the criteria outlined in Section 3 have been satisfied and that the patient is eligible for participation in this clinical investigation. The University of Iowa will provide a patient eligibility case report form for this evaluation. 4.3 Following determination of eligibility patients will be assigned to receive the vaccine alone (Arm A) or ADT followed by the vaccine (Arm B). PROTOCOL #1 Lubaroff, page 17 4.4 Informed Consent - Signed informed consent for enrollment in this protocol will be obtained from eligible patients by the attending physician, study coordinator, or clinical trial coordinator before the start of the research intervention. At the preadmission consultation, patients will be fully informed of the purpose and potential risks and benefits of participating in the study. Patients will have the opportunity to have questions answered to their satisfaction before signing the consent. 4.5 Eligible patients must be registered Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. (Central Time). Patients at the University of Iowa Clinical Cancer Center will be registered by calling Pamela Zehr, RN, MA 319-353-8914. Patients at the IC VAHCS will be registered by calling Karen Clark Griffith, RN, PhD at 319-338-0581, ext. 7519. Information from the eligibility form will be provided by the investigator or the investigator's research staff to the University of Iowa Cancer Center at this time, and the patient will be registered and assigned a unique patient number. 4.6 No patient may be enrolled or begin the research intervention prior to registration and assignment of a patient number. As a follow -up, University of Iowa Cancer Center will provide the investigator with written confirmation of each patient's registration. 4.7 All investigators will be notified by the Chair of the Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee or by the trial’s Data and Safety Monitoring Board if the study is placed on administrative hold, and when the study is completed or closed to further patient enrollment. 4.8 Patients must begin the vaccine protocol, either the vaccine alone (Arm A) or begin ADT (Arm B) within 30 days of r egistration (date the study committee approves patient eligibility) . 5. RESEARCH INTERVENTION PLAN 5.1 Administration Schedule Ad/PSA Patients with recurrent disease after surgical treatment or radiation therapy will be randomized to either Arm A (vaccine only) or Arm B (androgen depletion therapy plus vaccine). All patients will receive three injections of 0.125 ml. of the Ad/PSA subcutaneously in the right thigh unless patient condition precludes the use of that leg, in which case the left thigh will be used for all three injections. The dose of the vaccine, based upon our results from the Phase I trial, will be 1 x 10 8 pfu (4.4 x 109 particles) in the Gelfoam matrix . The Gelfoam comes in sterile patient-ready packages. The virus will be suspended in sterile saline and the Gelfoam powder added in a ratio of 30 mg of powder per ml. of virus suspension. Injections will be spaced apart by 30 days, such that each patient will receive the vaccine on days 0, 30, and 60. The use of the matrix has been shown in collaborative pre-clinical experiments to enhance infection of host cells by the virus. Results from the Phase I trial indicated that the injection of the vaccine in Gelfoam did not produce any adverse events greater than those produced by the vaccine in an aqueous suspension. The vaccine induced anti -PSA immune response in patients injected as an aqueous or Gelfoam vaccination. Injections will be carried out in the University of Iowa Clinical Research Unit (CRU). Each subject will be required to stay in the CRU for two hours and observed for early signs of toxicities following each of the three vaccinations. PROTOCOL #1 Lubaroff, page 18 5.2 Design and Stages Subjects will enter the study according to a phase II two-stage design Simon (1989). We anticipate a total of 25 s ubjects (per arm) if the stopping rules do not signal futility. After testing the research intervention on 10 patients, if 3 do not have the desired increase in anti - PSA T cells, the trial will be terminated. Otherwise, an additional 15 patients will be al lowed to enter the trial for a total of 25 patients with the goal that more than 13 will show the desired increase. For both arms, we will need 50 subjects. For statistical considerations and the power reached under this study design consideration, we refer the reader to Section 10.