Despite aggressive surgery, radiation treatment (RT) and chemotherapy at initial diagnosis these tumors almost always recur. There have been many studies in patients with newly diagnosed GBM, either altering the dosing schedule of the temozolomide (RTOG 0525) [ 1] or adding anti-angiogenic agents to the standard treatment regimen. None have proven to prolong survival and the latter treatments targeting neovascularization were particularly disappointing given that angiogenesis is a cardinal feature of GBM. [ 2] [3] Many clinical trials in GBM have evaluated the addition of agent(s) to standard therapy which consists of concurrent radiation with temozolomide chemotherapy after maximal surgical resection in patients with newly diagnosed disease and salvage chemotherapy with either rechallenge with temozolomide or an alternative alkylating agent such as CCNU or cisplatin. To date, none of the combination strategies have demonstrated clinical benefit. Furthermore, in subjects with an unmethylated MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter temozolomide has only modest benefit and salvage therapies have not demonstrated a significant impact in this subject group underscoring the need for more research. Novel approaches being evaluated in GBM treatment include immunologic therapies, such as therapeutic vaccines that are either derived from the subject’s own tumor (HSPPC-96) or have been designed to target specific epitopes on tumor cells (CDX-110, ICT-107). Preliminary results were promising from Phase 2 trials of CDX-110 (rindopeptimet), ICT 107, HSPPC-96, and others. [4-6].