10 Blass E, Ott PA. Advances in the development of personalized neoantigen- based therapeutic cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021;18:215–29. 11 Ott PA, Hu Z, Keskin DB, et al. An immunogenic personal neoantigen vaccine for patients with melanoma. Nature 2017;547:217–21. 12 Sonntag K, Hashimoto H, Eyrich M, et al. Immune monitoring and TCR sequencing of CD4 T cells in a long term responsive patient with metastasized pancreatic ductal carcinoma treated with 7 Wang L, et al. BMJ Open 2022;12:e055742. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055742Open access individualized, neoepitope- derived multipeptide vaccines: a case report. J Transl Med 2018;16:23. 13 Tran E, Turcotte S, Gros A, et al. Cancer immunotherapy based on mutation- specific CD4+ T cells in a patient with epithelial cancer. Science 2014;344:641–5. 14 Liu XS, Mardis ER. Applications of Immunogenomics to cancer. Cell 2017;168:600–12. 15 Tran E, Robbins PF , Rosenberg SA. 'Final common pathway' of human cancer immunotherapy: targeting random somatic mutations. Nat Immunol 2017;18:255–62. 16 Vormehr M, Diken M, Boegel S, et al. Mutanome directed cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2016;39:14–22. 17 Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy. Science 2015;348:69–74. 18 Xu H, Zheng X, Zhang S, et al. Tumor antigens and immune subtypes guided mRNA vaccine development for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2021;20:159. 19 Yang X, Fan J, Wu Y , et al. Synthetic multiepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Nanomedicine 2021;37:102443. 20 Quandt J, Schlude C, Bartoschek M, et al. Long- peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and KRAS induces cancer mutation- specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2018;7:e1500671–1500671. 21 Carreno BM, Magrini V, Becker- Hapak M, et al. Cancer immunotherapy. A dendritic cell vaccine increases the breadth and diversity of melanoma neoantigen- specific T cells. Science 2015;348:803–8. 22 Lu Y- C, Robbins PF . Cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. Semin Immunol 2016;28:22–7. 23 Chen X, Yang J, Wang L, et al. Personalized neoantigen vaccination with synthetic long peptides: recent advances and future perspectives. Theranostics 2020;10:6011–23. 24 Sahin U, Türeci Özlem. Personalized vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Science 2018;359:1355–60. 25 Benvenuto M, Focaccetti C, Izzi V, et al. Tumor antigens heterogeneity and immune response- targeting neoantigens in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021;72:65–75. 26 Repáraz D, Ruiz M, Llopiz D, et al. Neoantigens as potential vaccines in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022;10:e003978. 27 Bhojnagarwala PS, Perales- Puchalt A, Cooch N, et al. A synDNA vaccine delivering neoAg collections controls heterogenous, multifocal murine lung and ovarian tumors via robust T cell generation. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021;21:278–87. 28 Keskin DB, Anandappa AJ, Sun J, et al. Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial. Nature 2019;565:234–9. 29 Platten M, Bunse L, Wick A, et al. A vaccine targeting mutant IDH1 in newly diagnosed glioma. Nature 2021;592:463–8.