G. Leoni reports a patent for PCT/EP2019/081428 pending and employment with Nouscom Srl. G. Cotugno reports employment with Nous c o mS r l .L .S i a n ir e p o r t se m p l o y m e n t with Nouscom Srl. R. Vitale reports employment with Nouscom Srl. V. Ruzza reports employment with Nouscom Srl. I. Garzia reports employment with Nouscom Srl. L. Antonucci reports employment with Nouscom Srl. E. Micarelli reports employment with Nouscom Srl. S. Gogov reports employment with Nouscom Srl and ownership of Nouscom Srl stock. A. Capone reports employ- ment with Nouscom Srl. J. Martin-Liberal reports personal fees from Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sano ﬁ, and Highlight Therapeutics; grants and personal fees from MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, P ﬁzer, and Roche; and grants from Ipsen and Merck outside the submitted work. E. Calvo reports employment with START and HM Hospitales Group; leadership with START, PharmaMar, EORTC, Sano ﬁ, BeiGene, Novartis, and Merus NV; stock/ownership with START and Oncoart Associated; honoraria from HM Hospitales Group; consulting or advisory roles with Nanobiotix, Janssen-Cilag, Roche /Genentech, TargImmune Therapeutics, S e r v i e r ,B M S ,A m u n i x ,A d c e n d o ,A n a v e o n ,A s t r a Z e n e c a / M e d I m m u n e ,C h u g a i Pharma, MonTa, MSD Oncology, Nouscom, Novartis, OncoDNA, T-Knife, Elevation Oncology, PharmaMar, Ellips es Pharma, Syneos Health, Genmab, and Diaccurate; research funding from STAR T; and other relationships with Foun- dation INTHEOS, Foundation Pharma Mar, and CRIS Cancer Foundation. V. Moreno reports other support from Nouscom Srl during the conduct of the study and personal fees from BMS and Astr aZeneca outside the submitted work. S.N. Symeonides reports grants from Cancer Research UK and Chief Scientist Ofﬁce (Scottish Government) during t he conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from MSD; grants from Ve rastem; and personal fees from Duke Street Bio, EUSA, Eisai, Ellipses, Eugit Therapeutics, Exscientia, Grey Wolf Therapeutics, Roche, Ipsen, and WCG out side the submitted work. E. Scarselli reports a patent for PCT/EP2019/081428 pending as well as employment with Nouscom Srl; E. Scarselli is also the founder of Nouscom Srl. No disclosures were reported by the other authors. Authors ’Contributions A.M. D ’Alise: Conceptualization, data curation, supervision, investigation, visu- alization, methodology, writing –original draft. G. Leoni: Investigation, visualization, methodology. G. Cotugno: Investigation, methodology. L. Siani: Investigation, methodology. R. Vitale: Investigation, methodology. V. Ruzza: Investigation, meth- odology. I. Garzia: Formal analysis, investigation, methodology. L. Antonucci: Formal analysis, investigation, methodology. E. Micarelli: Investigation, methodol- ogy.V. Venafra: Investigation. S. Gogov: Supervision, investigation, writing –review and editing. A. Capone: Investigation. S. Runswick: Investigation, visualization, writing –original draft. J. Martin-Liberal: Investigation. E. Calvo: Investigation. V. Moreno: Investigation. S.N. Symeonides: Investigation, writing –review and editing. E. Scarselli: Supervision, investigation, visualization, writing –original draft, project administration. O. Bechter: Investigation, visualization, writing –original draft, writing –review and editing. Acknowledgments Funding for this study was provided by Nouscom Srl. Note Supplementary data for this article are available at Clinical Cancer Research Online (http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/). Received December 15, 2023; revised February 13, 2024; accepted March 18, 2024; published ﬁrst March 20, 2024. References 1.