一、基本用法 1. (表否定)没有,无,不需。如: The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。 We got there without any trouble. 我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。 You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。 2. (用在no, not, never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定……。如: You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富。 The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路。 Don't go out without a coat: you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去,会得重感冒的。 3. (与-ing形式连用)不,无,没。如: She entered the room without knocking. 她没敲门就进了房间。 They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个小时。 It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。 4. (表条件)若无,若非。如: I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language. 我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言,就不想到那个国家去。 Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗? 二、作表语的用法 without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语。如: She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻。 My investigations were without result.
商店、学校、机关等,若看作一个地点(point)用at,若看作一个场所(place)用in。如: I met him at the post-office. I’m now working in the post-office.<br>第二,介词in,on,at表示方位时的用法区别: 介系词in表示的方位是在某事物的内部,占去某物一部分,如: There is a river in the picture.(河流在图画里面,也就是说河流是画上去的,不是真的) The pen is in the pencil case. What is there in the trunk? 介系词on表示的方位,是在某事物的上面,支撑在表面上,强调接触,如: There is a pen on the picture. (钢笔在图画上面,是真的,是可以拿来写字画画的,不是画上去的) There are some mosquitoes on the ceiling. What is there on the menu? 介系词at表示的方位是一个点,例如: at home We arrived at our school. The boy threw the bone at the dog.