一、基本用法 1. (表否定)没有,无,不需。如: The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。 We got there without any trouble. 我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦。 You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。 2. (用在no, not, never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定……。如: You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富。 The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路。 Don't go out without a coat: you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去,会得重感冒的。 3. (与-ing形式连用)不,无,没。如: She entered the room without knocking. 她没敲门就进了房间。 They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个小时。 It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。 4. (表条件)若无,若非。如: I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language. 我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言,就不想到那个国家去。 Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗? 二、作表语的用法 without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语。如: She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻。 My investigations were without result.
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