虚拟语气是中学英语语法中非常重要的一块。如果不懂虚拟语气,很多英语句子无法理解。if是虚拟语气中的重要角色,但是它可以省略。这让很多同学迷糊,今天我来跟大家详细分析一下它的省略用法。if的省略有三种情况:had、were和should。<br>首先,在虚拟语气里面如果表达对过去发生的事情的虚拟,会用到had,我们就可以省略if,把had提前。Had you arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have seen that super star.如果你能早到十分钟的话,你就可以看到那个超级巨星了。这个句子是对过去的事情进行虚拟。它就是省略了if,提前了had。它的完整格式是:If you had arrived ten minutes earlier , you could have seen that super star.<br>其次,were也可以有这样的用法,但是were是针对现在的时态进行虚拟的时候使用的。Were I you, Iwould take that offer and enter that university. 如果我是你的话,我就会接受邀请,进入那个大学。它的完整格式是:If I were you, I would take that offer and enter that university.<br>第三,should是针对将来的事情虚拟的时候使用的。同样是省略if,把疑问词should提前。Should you join in the team tomorrow, the team would certaily win the game.其完整格式是If you should join in the team tomorrow, the team would certaily win the game.<br>可以看出,这个三个单词分别针对三个不同的时态。had是针对过去虚拟的时候用的,were是对现在的事情虚拟的时候用的,should是对将来的事情虚拟的时候用的。用法都是去掉if,把疑问词提前。<br>同学们明白了吗?<br>欢迎留言。
(本文选自《魔方英语语法》第十一章第四节。已经登记版权,请勿用于商业用途。)<br>本文主要讲定语从句的引导词that的代替和省略<br>因为引导词对先行词的复指(重复指定),所以,定语从句的引导词有时可以代替或省略。(注意,因为名从和状从没有先行词,所以,名从和状从的引导词不能代替或省略。)。如,<br>The schoolwhich/that/Øhe once studiedinis very famous.(由于which复指先行词the<br>school,所以,有时可以代替为that,也可以省略。)<br>下文中,1/2/3/4讲代替,5/6讲that省略。<br>下边依次讲解。<br>1.that本身是为了代替who(m)/which而产生的。前边讲过,关系代词一般是由疑问代词变来的。但是,that并不是疑问代词,为何也能引导定语从句呢?这是因为,that本身就是为了代替who(m)/which而产生的。<br>例句(that代替who(m)/which)<br>The man ____you met just now is my old friend.<br>(填who(m)/that/∅。who/that指人。作宾语时可以省略。)<br>The man ____is walking on the playground is my old friend.<br>(填who/that。who/that指人。作主语时不能省略。)<br>Take the book ____is lying on the table.<br>(填which/that。which/that指物。)<br>Do you know the things and persons____they are talking about?<br>(先行词既有人又有物时,用that。因为that可以指人/物,用一个就可以代替。)<br>2. that/who(m)/which用法比较表,见下表,<br>下边举例说明。<br>注:⑤的例句见第四节.六.6。⑥的例句见第五节.一。<br>3.that 不但可以代替关系代词(who(m)/which),也可以代替关系副词(when/where/why)。<br>①一般地,关系代词who(m)/which可以被that代替或省略。<br>例句(关系代词