In France and England he was considered a treasonous ally who leads Poland into destruction; in Russia he was seen as a false servant of the allies, who will lead imperialism to ruin.
În Franța și Anglia, el era considerat un aliat trădător care conduce Polonia la distrugere; în Rusia, el era văzut ca un fals slujitor al aliaților, care va duce imperialismul la ruină.