In 1912, George David Birkhoff introduced the chromatic polynomial to study the coloring problems, which was generalised to the Tutte polynomial by Tutte, important structures in algebraic graph theory.
În 1912, George David Birkhoff a introdus polinoamele cromatice⁠(d) pentru a studia problemele de colorare, care au fost generalizate la polinomul Tutte⁠(d) de către William Tutte⁠(d), structuri importante din teoria algebrică a grafurilor⁠(d).