Such r {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}} -dependent Zeeman Hamiltonian H Z ( r ) {\displaystyle H_{Z}({\boldsymbol {r}})} couples electron spin σ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}} to the operator r {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}} representing electron's orbital motion.
Astfel r {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}} -dependent Zeeman Hamiltonian H Z ( r ) {\displaystyle H_{Z}({\boldsymbol {r}})} cupluri electron spin σ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}} către operator r {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {r}}} reprezentând mișcarea orbitală a electronului.