By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main oil refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York City, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated).
Do kraja Američkog građanskog rata, Cleveland je bio jedan od pet glavnih rafinerijskih centara u SAD-u (osim Pittsburgha, Philadelphije, New Yorka, i regija u sjeverozapadnoj Pennsylvaniji, odakle je većina nafte potjecala).