Levine states that "psychologically, socially, and economically, Negroes were being acculturated in a way that would have been impossible during slavery, and it is hardly surprising that their secular music reflected this as much as their religious music did."
Levine smatra da psihološki, društveno i ekonomski, crnci su bili kultivirani na način koji bi za vrijeme ropstva bio nemoguć, i nije iznenađujuće da je njihova sekularna glazba to odražavala isto kao i religiozna.