Kesselring remained in the Army after the war but was discharged in 1933 to become head of the Department of Administration at the Reich Commissariat for Aviation, where he was involved in the re-establishment of the aviation industry and the laying of the foundations for the Luftwaffe, serving as its chief of staff from 1936 to 1938.
Kesselring blev i hæren efter krigen, men blev i 1933 leder af administrationsdepartementet i Luftfartsministeriet, hvor han var involveret i genskabelsen af flyindustrien og grundlæggelsen af Luftwaffe, som han var stabschef for fra 1936 til 1938.