Herwig Wolfram notes that "In all likelihood the Lugians and the Vandals were one cultic community that lived in the same region of the Oder in Silesia, where it was first under Celtic and then under Germanic domination."
"Efter al sandsynlighed var lugierne og vandalerne et kult-fællesskab, der boede i samme region ved Oder i Schlesien, først under keltisk og derpå under germansk herredømme."