After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI), a religious organization, and the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), a secular group that advocated Pan-Africanism.
Efter sin udtræden af Nation of Islam grundlagde Malcolm X den religiøse organisation Muslim Mosques Inc. og Organisationen for Afro-Amerikansk Enhed; en sekulær gruppe, der promoverede pan-afrikanisme.