Hilda Ellis Davidson theorizes that the events in Völuspá occurring after the death of the gods (the sun turning black, steam rising, flames touching the heavens, etc.) may be inspired by the volcanic eruptions on Iceland.
Hilda Ellis Davidson har fremført den teori, at begivenhederne i Völuspá efter gudernes død, da solen bliver sort, og damp og flammer stiger mod himlen, er inspireret af vulkanudbrud på Island.