According to Miguel Angel Santos, a researcher at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, as a result of expropriations of private means of production since 2004, "production was destroyed", while a "wave of consumption based on imports" occurred when Venezuela had abundant oil money.
Ifølge Miguel Angel Santos, en forsker fra Kennedy School of Government på Harvard University, er "produktionen blevet ødelagt" som følge af den private ekspropriering der er foretaget siden 2004, mens en "bølge af forbrug baseret på import" er opblomstret, da Venezuela havde et overskod af penge tjent på olie.