Duhem has shown that a philosopher of science can know a person's methods of discovery better than that person herself does, while Malinowski has shown that an anthropologist can know a person's customs and habits better than the person whose customs and habits they are.
Duhem har vist at en videnskabsfilosof kan kende en persons opdagelsesmetoder bedre end personen selv, mens Malinowski har vist at en antropolog kan kende en persons vaner og skikke bedre end personen selv.