In 1644, northern Manchu clans overthrew the Ming to establish the Qing dynasty, incorporating Mongolia as well, Thus, for the second time, China was ruled by the very people the wall had tried to keep out.
În 1644 clanurile Manchu din nord au detronat dinastia Ming și au instaurat dinastia Qing, cuprinzând şi Mongolia. Era a doua oară când China era condusă tocmai de poporul împotriva căruia se construise zidul.