In 1644, northern Manchu clans overthrew the Ming to establish the Qing dynasty, incorporating Mongolia as well, Thus, for the second time, China was ruled by the very people the wall had tried to keep out.
Nel 1644, i clan settentrionali Manchu spodestarono i Ming, per instaurare la dinastia Qing, incorporando anche la Mongolia. Così facendo, per la seconda volta, la Cina veniva guidata dagli stessi popoli che la Muraglia doveva tenere fuori.