A bone marrow transplant  can also lead to something called graft-versus-tumor activity, when new immune cells  generated by the donated marrow can wipe out cancer cells the recipient’s  original immune system couldn’t.
Esse transplante também pode levar a algo chamado "efeito enxerto versus tumor", quando novas células imunes geradas pela medula doada expulsam células cancerígenas do sistema imune do receptor.