Black smokers release acidic,  carbon-dioxide-rich water, heated to hundreds of degrees Celsius and packed with sulphur, iron, copper, and other metals essential to life.
As fumarolas negras liberam água ácida, rica em dióxido de carbono, aquecida a centenas de graus Celsius, e composta de enxofre, ferro, cobre e outros metais essenciais à vida.