We know this, though, in aggregate, because sociologists have consistently demonstrated this with these experiments they build, where they send a bunch of applications to jobs out, equally qualified but some have white-sounding names and some have black-sounding names, and it's always disappointing, the results -- always.
No entanto, sabemos disso porque os sociólogos têm demonstrado isso consistentemente com experimentos nos quais enviam um monte de currículos, todos igualmente qualificados, mas alguns com nomes que parecem ser de brancos, e outros, de negros, e os resultados são sempre frustrantes.