With advances in ancient DNA technology, we can actually now start to begin to sequence the genomes of those other extinct mammoth forms that I mentioned, and I just wanted to talk about two of them, the woolly and the Columbian mammoth, both of which were living very close to each other during glacial peaks, so when the glaciers were massive in North America, the woollies were pushed into these subglacial ecotones, and came into contact with the relatives living to the south, and there they shared refugia, and a little bit more than the refugia, it turns out.
Com o progresso na tecnologia do ADN antigo, podemos começar a sequenciar os genomas das outras formas  de mamutes extintos que já referi. Queria falar de dois deles, o mamute-lanoso e o colombiano. Ambos viveram muito perto um do outro durante os picos glaciais. Quando os glaciares eram maciços  na América do Norte, os lanosos foram empurrados  para esses ecótonos subglaciais e entraram em contacto  com os parentes que viviam no sul, e partilharam dos seus refúgios e, segundo parece, mais do que os refúgios.