With advances in ancient DNA technology, we can actually now start to begin to sequence the genomes of those other extinct mammoth forms that I mentioned, and I just wanted to talk about two of them, the woolly and the Columbian mammoth, both of which were living very close to each other during glacial peaks, so when the glaciers were massive in North America, the woollies were pushed into these subglacial ecotones, and came into contact with the relatives living to the south, and there they shared refugia, and a little bit more than the refugia, it turns out.
Med framsteg inom forntida DNA-teknik, kan vi faktiskt nu börja sekvensera genomet hos de andra utdöda mammutarter som jag nämnde, och jag ville bara tala om två av dem, den ullhåriga och columbiamammuten; båda bodde mycket nära varandra under perioder av maximal isutbredning, så när glaciärerna var massiva i Nordamerika, sköts ullisarna in i dessa subglaciala ekotoner, och kom i kontakt med släktingarna som bodde i söder, och de delade refugier, och lite mer än refugier, visar det sig.