Computer-based surgical simulation promises to provide a broader scope of clinical training through the introduction of anatomic variation, simulation of untoward events, and collection of performance data. We present a haptically-enabled surgical simulator for the most common techniques in diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy- cervical dilation, endometrial resection and ablation, and lesion excision. Engineering tradeoffs in developing a real-time, haptic-rate simulator are discussed.
['Kevin Montgomery', 'LeRoy Heinrichs', 'Cynthia Bruyns', 'Simon Wildermuth', 'Christopher J. Hasser', 'Stephanie Ozenne', 'David W. Bailey']
Surgical simulator for hysteroscopy: a case study of visualization in surgical training