Simulation-based training using VR techniques is a promising alternative to traditional training in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Simulators let the trainee touch, feel, and manipulate virtual tissues and organs through the same surgical tool handles used in actual MIS while viewing images of tool-tissue interactions on a monitor as in real laparoscopic procedures
['Cagatay Basdogan', 'Mert Sedef', 'Matthias Harders', 'Stefan Wesarg']
VR-Based Simulators for Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery