Eye tracking offers many opportunities for direct device control in smart environments, but issues such as the need for calibration and the Midas touch problem make it impractical. In this paper, we propose  AmbiGaze , a smart environment that employs the animation of targets to provide users with direct control of devices by gaze only through smooth pursuit tracking. We propose a design space of means of exposing functionality through movement and illustrate the concept through four prototypes. We evaluated the system in a user study and found that AmbiGaze enables robust gaze-only interaction with many devices, from multiple positions in the environment, in a spontaneous and comfortable manner.
['Eduardo Velloso', 'Markus Wirth', 'Christian Weichel', 'Augusto Esteves', 'Hans Gellersen']
AmbiGaze: Direct Control of Ambient Devices by Gaze