As a new form of distributed energy resources, massive plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) could affect the power distribution system adequacy considering their intermittent charging loads and the load recovery ability during system outages. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for adequacy evaluation of power distribution networks with PHEVs penetration. A condition-dependent outage model is used in this paper to obtain the time sequential failure rate of the transformer. Also, a business model for the PHEVs is developed to encourage the PHEV owners to charge their vehicles in such a way that the distribution system adequacy is enhanced. Based on this model, a smart charging algorithm is proposed for the PHEVs to minimize their charging cost and enhance the adequacy of the distribution network at the same time. Various simulation studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed smart charging approach. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective in enhancing both the adequacy of the distribution network and economic profits of PHEVs.
['Jun Tan', 'Lingfeng Wang']
Adequacy Assessment of Power Distribution Network With Large Fleets of PHEVs Considering Condition-Dependent Transformer Faults