A weighted hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm and a subspace projection algorithm are proposed to address the discrimination and robustness issues for HMM-based speech recognition. A robust two-stage classifier is also proposed to incorporate these two approaches to further improve the performance. The weighted HMM enhances its discrimination power by first jointly considering the state likelihoods of different word models, then assigning a weight to the likelihood of each state, according to its contribution in discriminating words. The robustness of this model is then improved by increasing the likelihood difference between the top and the second candidates. The subspace projection approach discards unreliable observations on the basis of maximizing the divergence between different word pairs. To improve robustness, the mean of each cluster is then adjusted to obtain maximum separation different clusters. The performance was evaluated with a highly confusable vocabulary consisting of the nine English E-set words. The test was conducted in a multispeaker (100 talkers), isolated-word mode. The 61.7% word accuracy for the original HMM-based system was improved to 74.9% and 76.6%, respectively, by using the weighted HMM and the subspace projection methods. By incorporating the weighted HMM in the first stage and the subspace projection in the second stage, the two-stage classifier achieved a word accuracy of 79.4%. >
['Keh-Yih Su', 'Chin-Hui Lee']
Speech recognition using weighted HMM and subspace projection approaches