Landau’s theorem on conjugacy classes asserts that there are only finitely many finite groups, up to isomorphism, with exactly k conjugacy classes for any positive integer k. We show that, for any positive integers n and s, there exist finitely many finite groups G, up to isomorphism, having a normal subgroup N of index n which contains exactly s non-central G-conjugacy classes. Upper bounds for the orders of G and N are obtained; we use these bounds to classify all finite groups with normal subgroups having a small index and few G-classes. We also study the related problems when we consider only the set of G-classes of prime-power order elements contained in a normal subgroup.
['Antonio Beltrán', 'María José Felipe', 'Carmen Melchor']
Landau’s theorem on conjugacy classes for normal subgroups