Two formulations and two general procedures useful to compute the number of bubbles and tunnels of 3-D binary objects are introduced in this paper. The first formulation is useful to compute the number of bubbles or voids of the object, while the second one is only useful to compute the number of tunnels or holes of the object. The first procedure allows obtaining, in two steps, the number of bubbles and tunnels of a 3-D object. Finally, the second procedure permits computing, in three steps, the number of bubbles and tunnels of several 3-D objects from an image containing them. Correctness of the functioning of the two formulations is established theoretically. Results with a set of images are provided to demonstrate the utility and validity of the second proposed procedures.
['Humberto Sossa']
On the Computation of the Number of Bubbles and Tunnels of a 3-D Binary Object