A broad range of applications has led to various wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with different design considerations. Limited battery power is one of the most challenging aspects of WSN protocol design, and, therefore, energy efficiency has long been the focus of research. One of the most common approaches for energy conservation is to alternate each sensor node between sleep and wake-up states. In this paper, we propose ADP, an adaptive energy efficient approach that meets the requirement of low energy consumption and, at the same time, considers the underlying dynamic traffic load. ADP enhances energy efficiency by dynamically adjusting sensor nodes' sleep and wake-up cycles. ADP utilizes a cost function intended to strike a balance between the conflicting goals of conserving energy (waking up as rarely as possible) and at the same time minimizing sensed events' reporting latency (waking up as frequently as possible). It also incorporates a feedback mechanism that constantly monitors residual energy level and the importance of the event to be reported, as well as predicts the next sensing event occurrence time. Simulation experiments with different traffic loads have shown that ADP improves energy efficiency while keeping latency low.
['Afraa Attiah', 'Muhammad Faisal Amjad', 'Omar Nakhila', 'Cliff C. Zou']
ADP: An adaptive feedback approach for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks