Existing supercomputers have hundreds of thousands of processor cores, and future systems may have hundreds of millions. Developers need detailed performance measurements to tune their applications and to exploit these systems fully. However, extreme scales pose unique challenges for performance-tuning tools, which can generate significant volumes of I/O. Compute-to-I/O ratios have increased drastically as systems have grown, and the I/O systems of large machines can handle the peak load from only a small fraction of cores. Tool developers need efficient techniques to analyze and to reduce performance data from large numbers of cores.   We introduce CAPEK, a novel parallel clustering algorithm that enables  in-situ  analysis of performance data at run time. Our algorithm scales sub-linearly to 131,072 processes, running in less than one second even at that scale, which is fast enough for on-line use in production runs. The CAPEK implementation is fully generic and can be used for many types of analysis. We demonstrate its application to statistical trace sampling. Specifically, we use our algorithm to compute efficiently stratified sampling strategies for traces at run time. We show that such stratification can result in data-volume reduction of up to four orders of magnitude on current large-scale systems, with potential for greater reductions for future extreme-scale systems.
['Todd Gamblin', 'Bronis R. de Supinski', 'Martin Schulz', 'Robert J. Fowler', 'Daniel A. Reed']
Clustering performance data efficiently at massive scales