Aligning and distributing graphical objects is a common, but cumbersome task. In a preliminary study (six graphic designers, six non-designers), we identified three key problems with current tools: lack of persistence, unpredictability of results, and inability to 'tweak' the layout. We created  StickyLines , a tool that treats guidelines as first-class objects: Users can create precise, predictable and persistent interactive alignment and distribution relationships, and 'tweaked' positions can be maintained for subsequent interactions. We ran a [2x2] within-participant experiment to compare  StickyLines  with standard commands, with two levels of layout difficulty.  StickyLines  performed 40% faster and required 49% fewer actions than traditional alignment and distribution commands for complex layouts. In study three, six professional designers quickly adopted  StickyLines  and identified novel uses, including creating complex compound guidelines and using them for both spatial and semantic grouping.
['Marianela Ciolfi Felice', 'Nolwenn Maudet', 'Wendy E. Mackay', 'Michel Beaudouin-Lafon']
Beyond Snapping: Persistent, Tweakable Alignment and Distribution with StickyLines