Energy is an extremely critical resource for battery-powered wireless sensor networks WSNs, thus making energy-efficient protocol design a key challenging problem. However, uneven energy consumption is an inherent problem in WSNs caused by multi-hop routing and many-to-one traffic pattern among sensors. In this paper, we therefore propose a new clustering method called fuzzy chessboard clustering FFC, which is capable to overcome the bottleneck problem and addressing the uneven energy consumption problem in heterogeneous WSNs. We also propose an energy-efficient routing method called artificial bee colony routing method ABCRM to find the optimal routing path for the heterogeneous WSNs. ABCRM seeks to investigate the problems of balancing energy consumption and maximization of network lifetime. To demonstrate the effectiveness of FCC-ABCRM in terms of lessening end-to-end delay, balancing energy consumption, and maximization of heterogeneous network lifetime, we compare our method with three approaches namely, chessboard clustering approach, PEGASIS, and LEACH. Simulation results show that the network lifetime achieved by FCC-ABCRM could be increased by nearly 25%, 45%, and 60% more than that obtained by chessboard clustering, PEGASIS, and LEACH, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
['Imad S. AlShawi', 'L.-S. Yan', 'Wei Pan', 'Bin Luo']
Fuzzy chessboard clustering and artificial bee colony routing method for energy-efficient heterogeneous wireless sensor networks