Consideration is given to the problem of finding a shortest path between two points in 3-D space with a restricted class of polyhedral obstacles (vertical buildings with a fixed number k of distinct heights). For the case when all the obstacles have equal heights, a shortest-path algorithm is presented with complexity O(n/sup 2/), i.e. the same complexity as for the 2-D case (n is the total number of corners in all the obstacles). For the general case (k distinct heights), an algorithm is presented for finding a shortest path in time O(n/sup 6k-1/). Also presented is an O(n/sup 2/) approximation algorithm that finds paths that are, at most, 8% longer than the shortest path for the case of k distinct heights when certain minimum separation requirements are satisfied, and a description is given of how the approximation algorithm can be extended to the general case (arbitrary separations). >
['Laxmi P. Gewali', 'Simeon C. Ntafos', 'Ioannis G. Tollis']
Path planning in the presence of vertical obstacles