With the advent of recent technological advances, more demanding tele-immersive applications have started to emerge. In the World Opera application, artists from different opera houses across the globe can participate in a single united performance, and interact almost as if they were co-located. One of the main design challenges in this application domain is to assess to what extent the inevitable failures of some of the numerous and complex hardware, software, and network components affect the quality of experience for the user. This challenge cannot be addressed by traditional system-centric methods for dependability evaluation, which do not take personalized user perspective into account when considering meaningful and acceptable degradation of services. In this paper, we propose a novel method to assess the quality of experience in presence of failures, based on a new metric called  perceived reliability . The method takes the human perspective into account and allows considering factors such as human perception of video and audio, characteristics of the audience, as well as performance elements and artistic content. This method can help system designers and engineers compare architectural variants and determine the dependability budget. We show the feasibility of our method by applying it to a World Opera performance. To this end, we construct a SAN-based model and run simulations in the Mobius framework. The obtained results provide useful guidelines for system engineers towards improving the quality of experience of World Opera performances despite the presence of failures.
['Narasimha Raghavan Veeraragavan', 'Leonardo Montecchi', 'Nicola Nostro', 'Roman Vitenberg', 'Hein Meling', 'Andrea Bondavalli']
Modeling QoE in Dependable Tele-Immersive Applications: A Case Study of World Opera