Thats a unique idea.You should consider the following idea to enhance your idea so that it would impact uniquely: Background#R##N#Functional brain imaging studies have shown deviant amygdala responses to emotional stimuli in subjects suffering from anxiety and depressive disorder, but both hyperactivity and hypoactivity compared to healthy controls have been reported. To account for these discrepant findings,  hypothesize that genetic and environmental risk factors differently impact on amygdala functioning.#R##N#Methods#R##N#To test this hypothesis,  assessed amygdala responses to an emotional faces paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for the risk of anxiety and depression (n = 10 pairs) and in monozygotic twin pairs concordant for high (n = 7 pairs) or low (n = 15 pairs) risk for anxiety and depression.#R##N#Results#R##N#Main effects (all faces vs. baseline) revealed robust bilateral amygdala activity across groups. In discordant twins, increased amygdala responses re found for negatively valenced stimuli (angry/anxious faces) in high-risk twins compared to their low-risk co-twins. In contrast, concordant high-risk pairs revealed blunted amygdala reactivity to both positive and negative faces compared with concordant low-risk pairs. Post-hoc analyses shod that these findings re independent of 5-HTTLPR genotype.#R##N#Conclusions#R##N#Our findings indicate amygdala hyperactivity in subjects who are at high risk for anxiety and depression through environmental factors and amygdala hypoactivity in those at risk mainly through genetic factors.  suggest that this result reflects a difference in baseline amygdala activation in these groups. Future imaging studies on anxiety and depression should aim to avoid admixture of subjects who are at genetic risk with those at risk due to environmental factors.
['Saskia P. A. Wolfensberger', 'Dick J. Veltman', 'Witte J. G. Hoogendijk', 'Dorret I. Boomsma', 'Eco J.C. de Geus']
I am writing a research paper on a idea Amygdala responses to emotional faces in twins discordant or concordant for the risk for anxiety and depression.
[{"from": "human", "value": "I am writing a research paper on a idea Amygdala responses to emotional faces in twins discordant or concordant for the risk for anxiety and depression."}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Thats a unique idea.You should consider the following idea to enhance your idea so that it would impact uniquely: Background#R##N#Functional brain imaging studies have shown deviant amygdala responses to emotional stimuli in subjects suffering from anxiety and depressive disorder, but both hyperactivity and hypoactivity compared to healthy controls have been reported. To account for these discrepant findings,  hypothesize that genetic and environmental risk factors differently impact on amygdala functioning.#R##N#Methods#R##N#To test this hypothesis,  assessed amygdala responses to an emotional faces paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for the risk of anxiety and depression (n\u00a0=\u00a010 pairs) and in monozygotic twin pairs concordant for high (n\u00a0=\u00a07 pairs) or low (n\u00a0=\u00a015 pairs) risk for anxiety and depression.#R##N#Results#R##N#Main effects (all faces vs. baseline) revealed robust bilateral amygdala activity across groups. In discordant twins, increased amygdala responses re found for negatively valenced stimuli (angry/anxious faces) in high-risk twins compared to their low-risk co-twins. In contrast, concordant high-risk pairs revealed blunted amygdala reactivity to both positive and negative faces compared with concordant low-risk pairs. Post-hoc analyses shod that these findings re independent of 5-HTTLPR genotype.#R##N#Conclusions#R##N#Our findings indicate amygdala hyperactivity in subjects who are at high risk for anxiety and depression through environmental factors and amygdala hypoactivity in those at risk mainly through genetic factors.  suggest that this result reflects a difference in baseline amygdala activation in these groups. Future imaging studies on anxiety and depression should aim to avoid admixture of subjects who are at genetic risk with those at risk due to environmental factors."}]