PER CURIAM.
Willie McNabb, appellant, brought this action of trespass on the ease against the Virginian Railway Company, a corporation, appellee, and against H. Clay Jacobs and R. C. Lambert, in the circuit court of Payette county, W. Va. The cause was subsequently removed to the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of West Virginia) and the defendants H. Clay Jacobs and R. C. Lambert were dismissed as defendants, and, the defendant, Virginian Railway Company, having pleaded not guilty, the issue was tried before a jury in May, 1931.
After the conclusion of the evidence for both the plaintiff and the defendant, the court, upon motion of the defendant, directed the jury to find for the defendant, which was accordingly done. The plaintiff moved to set aside the verdict of the jury, and to grant him a new'trial, which motion the court overruled. Prom that judgment this appeal is taken.
The appellant, who was plaintiff below, was struck by a locomotive of the railway company at a road crossing near Deep-water, Payette county, W. Va. There is evidence on behalf of the railway company that the headlight was burning on the locomotive and that the crossing signals were duly given. Plaintiff and a witness testified that the light was not burning. Assuming, that the evidence was sufficient do carry the ease to the jury on the issue of negligence, we think that plaintiff was unquestionably barred of recovery by his contributory negligence and that verdict was properly directed against him. We think it clear in the light of the evidence that, if plaintiff had looked before stepping in front of the approaching locomotive, he could unquestionably have seen it in timé to have avoided being struck, and his injury is therefore to be attributed to his own negligence in stepping in front of the locomotive without taking' proper precautions. A number of witnesseá on both sides) who had no better view than the plaintiff; testified that they saw the approaching locomotive. In view of the physical conditions disclosed by the other evidence, his testimony that he looked but failed to see>-the locomotive approaching is without probative force and entirely insufficient to form the basis of a verdict in his behalf.
Had the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, it would have been the duty of the trial judge in the exercise of a sound judicial discretion to set it aside. It was therefore proper for him to direct a verdict for the defendant. South Carolina Asparagus Growers’ Association v. Southern Railway Co. (C. C. A.) 46 F.(2d) 452, 453, and cases there cited; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. v. Coogan, 271 U. S. 472, 46 S. Ct. 564, 70 L. Ed. 1041; Hetzel v. Kemper, 102 W. Va. 567, 135 S. E. 667.
This rule applies not only in cases where the evidence is undisputed, but also in eases where the evidence is só conclusive in character that reasonable men would not reach different conclusions in regard thereto. In Ellerson v. Grove, 44 F.(2d) 493, 496, this court holds as follows:
“The general rule as to direction of verdicts is set out in the case of Marion County Commissioners v. Clark, 94 U. S. 284, 24 L. Ed. 59, as follows: ‘Decided cases may be found where it is held that, if there is a scintilla, of evidence in support of a ease, the judge is bound to leave it to the jury; but the modern decisions have established a more reasonable rule; to wit, that, before the evidence is left to the jury, there is or may be in every ease a preliminary question for the judge, not whether there is literally no evidence, but whether there is any upon which a jury can properly proceed to find a verdict for the party producing it, upon whom the burden of proof is imposed.’ * * *
“See also Coughran v. Bigelow, 164 U. S. 307, 17 S. Ct. 117, 41 L. Ed. 442; Patton v. Southern Ry. Co. (C. C. A.) Ill P. 712; Woodward et al. v. Chicago, M. & St. P. Ry. Co. (C. C. A.) 145 P. 577. In the last-mentioned ease it is said that it is the duty of a court to direct a verdict at the close of the evidence in two classes of cases: (1) That class in which the evidence is' undisputed; and (2) that class in which the evidence is conflicting but is of so conclusive a character that the court in the exercise of a sound judicial discretion will set aside the verdict in opposition to it. See also numerous cases cited in that opinion.”
The judgment of the court below-is accordingly affirmed.- -
What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals. You will be asked a question pertaining to issues that may appear in civil law issues involving government actors. The issue is: "Did the court conclude that it should defer to agency discretion? For example, if the action was committed to agency discretion. Answer the question based on the directionality of the appeals court decision. If the court discussed the issue in its opinion and answered the related question in the affirmative, answer "Yes". If the issue was discussed and the opinion answered the question negatively, answer "No". If the opinion considered the question but gave a mixed answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part, answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion does not discuss the issue, or notes that a particular issue was raised by one of the litigants but the court dismissed the issue as frivolous or trivial or not worthy of discussion for some other reason, answer "Issue not discussed". If the opinion considered the question but gave a "mixed" answer, supporting the respondent in part and supporting the appellant in part (or if two issues treated separately by the court both fell within the area covered by one question and the court answered one question affirmatively and one negatively), answer "Mixed answer". If the opinion either did not consider or discuss the issue at all or if the opinion indicates that this issue was not worthy of consideration by the court of appeals even though it was discussed by the lower court or was raised in one of the briefs, answer "Issue not discussed".