BAZELON, Circuit Judge.
. Petitioner was authorized to operate as a large irregular air carrier by a Letter of Registration issued under Part 291.17 (formerly 292.1(d)) of the Civil Aeronautics Board’s Economic Regulations. It seeks review of two Board orders — one suspending and the other revoking that authorization. Since we affirm, only the order of revocation requires discussion.
The Board acted under Part 291.20 which provides that Letters of Registration “shall be subject to revocation * *' * for knowing and willful violation of any provisions of the act or of any order, rule, or regulation * * It found that petitioner “knowingly, willfully, and flagrantly violated sections 401(a) and 1005(e)” of the Civil Aeronautics Act by conducting regular air operations in violation of
(1) Part 291 of the Regulations which authorizes irregular carriers to provide only infrequent services in a non-uniform pattern of operations; and
(2) a Board order previously entered against it to comply with Part 291 and to cease and desist from regular services. Part 291 exempts large irregular air carriers from compliance with various economic provisions applicable to certificated carriers authorized under § 401 to engage in regularly scheduled operations. “Irregular” air carriers offering regular services are therefore held to be in violation of the certification requirement of § 401. And § 1005(e), which the revocation proceedings were designed to implement, makes it the duty of every person subject to the Act “to observe and comply with any order, rule, regulation, or certificate issued by the Board * * * so long as the same shall remain in effect.”
Petitioner urges that the revocation order is invalid because (1) Part 291 does not apply to its operations, and (2) the cease and desist order is not res judicata against it. The contrary view we take of the cease and desist order is dis-positive of this appeal since that order requires compliance with Part 291.
The cease and desist order, entered more than two years prior to the orders under review, was based upon a finding that petitioner’s two round-trip flights per week between New York and San Juan, exceeded “the degree of regularity permitted by Part 292.1” (now Part 291.1). The Board ordered petitioner to cease air transportation unless it complied with Part 291, and specifically proscribed the operation of aircraft “[r]egularlv or with a reasonable degree of regularity [t. e.j] * * * by the operation of a single flight per week on the same day of each week between the same two points, or * * * by the recurrence of operations of two round-trip-flights, or flights varying from two to three or more such flights, between any same two points each week in succeeding weeks, without there intervening other weeks or approximately similar periods at irregular but frequent intervals during which no such flights are operated so as thereby to result in appreciable definite breaks in service * *
We will not go behind that order on this appeal. Petitioner is bound by its failure to invoke judicial review either within the sixty clays provided by the Act or by requesting leave of court thereafter. We recognize that there may be circumstances under which the application of the common law doctrine of res judicata to administrative determinations may be relaxed. But here our attention has not been drawn to any such circumstances. Thus we hold that the cease and desist order is res judicata and petitioner’s operations are accordingly governed by Part 291.
But even if we were to go behind the cease and desist order for the purpose of considering petitioner’s objections to Part 291, the result would be the same. Petitioner claims that regulation inapplicable because certain conditions therein were not in existence when it commenced operations early in June 1946. At that time, a 1938 regulation was in effect. It defined an operation as non-scheduled (later designated “irregular”), “if the air carrier does not hold out to the public by advertisement or otherwise that it will operate one or more airplanes between any designated points regularly or with a reasonable degree of regularity * * Effective June IS, 1946, the Board amended that regulation to read, as Part 291 does now, that an operation is non-scheduled if the air carrier does not “hold out to the public expressly or by a course of conduct that it operates * * * regularly or with a reasonable degree of regularity * * *.” We find no merit in the contention that the 1946 phrase “by a course of conduct” imposes different limitations on petitioner’s operations than the 1938 phrase “by advertisement or otherwise.” Moreover, the 1938 regulation was to remain in force only “[ujntil the Authority [the Board] shall adopt further rules, regulations or orders with respect to such matter * * *.” And since Part 291 and the intervening regulations embodied therein constitute an adoption by the Board of further regulations with respect to such carriers, petitioner would on that account alone be subject to Part 291.
All that remains then is to determine whether there is substantial evidence in the record as a whole to support the Board’s finding that petitioner has willfully violated Part 291 and the cease and desist order. Clearly, there is. Following entry of the cease and desist order, petitioner increased rather than decreased the regularity of its service. To cite merely one example, it expanded operations from an average of 2 flights per week between New York and San Juan, Puerto Rico for some 52 weeks to 4 flights per week between Miami and Newark for 56 consecutive weeks.
■[4,5] Equally without merit are other objections to the revocation order. One objection is that there was a denial of due process in the Board’s failure to schedule a hearing on petitioner’s long pending application for certification under § 401. That objection does not bear on the violations involved here, and the remedy, if any, is not available on this appeal. Petitioner’s further objection that § 1007(a) of the Act “places the enforcement of orders and regulations squarely in the district court” is not in point. Here the Board sought to revoke an operating authority for violations of its order and regulations, not “to enforce obedience thereto * * *.»
The orders under review are
Affirmed.
. 14 Code Fed. Regs. § 292 (1949), § 291 (Cum.Supp. 1951).
. Both, orders have been stayed pending review.
. 14 Code Fed. Regs. § 291.20 (Cum.Supp. 1951); see Air Transport Associates, Inc. v. Civil Aeronautics Board, 1952, 91 U.S.App.D.C. 147, 199 F.2d 181, certiorari denied, 1953, 344 U.S. 922, 73 S.Ct. 386.
. 52 Stat. 987, 1024 (1938), as amended, 49 U.S.C.A. §§ 481(a), 645(e) (1946).
. Part 291.1 provides in pertinent part:
“No air carrier shall be deemed to be an irregular air carrier unless the air transportation services offered and performed by it are of such infrequency as to preclude an implication of a uniform pattern or normal consistency of operation * * *4” 14 Oode Fed. Regs. (Cum. Supp. 1951).
. Civil Aeronautics Board v. Modern Air Transport, Inc., 2 Cir., 1950, 179 F.2d 622, 625.
. C.A.B. Opinion and Order No. 6780, p. 15 (September 10, 1952).
. See note 4, supra.
. C.A.B. Opinion and Order No. E-3906, pp. 30, 36 (February 15, 1950).
. Id. at 37. The Board entered the order under the authority of § 1002(e) of the Act which provides: “If the Board finds, after notice and hearing, in any investigation instituted upon complaint or upon its own initiative, that any person has failed to comply with any provisions of this chapter or any requirement established pursuant thereto, the Board shall issue an appropriate order to compel such person to comply therewith.” 52 Stat. 3018 (1938), as amended, 49 U.S.C.A. § 642(c).
. 52 Stat. 1024 (1938), as amended, 49 U.S.C.A. § 648(a) (3946) provides in pertinent part: ‘Any order, affirmative or negative, issued by the Board under this chapter S: * * shall be subject to review by the courts of appeals of the United States or the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upon petition, filed within siwfy days after the entry of such order, by any person disclosing a substantial interest in such order. After the expiration of said sixty days a petition may be filed only by leave of court upon a showing of reasonable grounds for failure to file the petition theretofore.” (Emphasis supplied.)
. For a discussion of res judicata and the administrative process, see Davis, Administrative Law 563-613 (1953).
. Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co.. 1948, 334 U.S. 37, 54, 68 S.Ct. 822, 92 L.Ed. 1196; Aiken v. Cogswell, 91 U.S.App.D.C. 339, 201 F.2d 705; United States v. Willard Tablet Co., 7 Cir., 1944, 141 F.2d 141, 143, 152 A.L.R. 1194; Plumy v. United States, 9 Cir., 1942, 126 F.2d 601, 603, certiorari denied, 1942, 317 U.S. 637, 63 S.Ct. 28, 87 L.Ed. 513.
. C.A.B. Reg. 400-1, as amended, December 7, 1938 (emphasis supplied).
. See note 1, supra (emphasis supplied).
. See note 14, supra.
. See note 4, supra. Petitioner’s application was filed on April 4, 1949, following commencement of cease and desist order proceedings but prior to the entrance of the order in February 1950.
. 52 Stat. 1025 (1938), as amended, 49 U.S.C.A. § 647(a) (1946).