What follows is an opinion from a United States Court of Appeals.
Intervenors who participated as parties at the courts of appeals should be counted as either appellants or respondents when it can be determined whose position they supported. For example, if there were two plaintiffs who lost in district court, appealed, and were joined by four intervenors who also asked the court of appeals to reverse the district court, the number of appellants should be coded as six.
In some cases there is some confusion over who should be listed as the appellant and who as the respondent. This confusion is primarily the result of the presence of multiple docket numbers consolidated into a single appeal that is disposed of by a single opinion. Most frequently, this occurs when there are cross appeals and/or when one litigant sued (or was sued by) multiple litigants that were originally filed in district court as separate actions. The coding rule followed in such cases should be to go strictly by the designation provided in the title of the case. The first person listed in the title as the appellant should be coded as the appellant even if they subsequently appeared in a second docket number as the respondent and regardless of who was characterized as the appellant in the opinion.
To clarify the coding conventions, consider the following hypothetical case in which the US Justice Department sues a labor union to strike down a racially discriminatory seniority system and the corporation (siding with the position of its union) simultaneously sues the government to get an injunction to block enforcement of the relevant civil rights law. From a district court decision that consolidated the two suits and declared the seniority system illegal but refused to impose financial penalties on the union, the corporation appeals and the government and union file cross appeals from the decision in the suit brought by the government. Assume the case was listed in the Federal Reporter as follows:
United States of America,
Plaintiff, Appellant
v
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendant, Appellee.
International Brotherhood of Widget Workers,AFL-CIO
Defendants, Cross-appellants
v
United States of America.
Widgets, Inc. & Susan Kuersten Sheehan, President & Chairman
of the Board
Plaintiff, Appellants,
v
United States of America,
Defendant, Appellee.
This case should be coded as follows:Appellant = United States, Respondents = International Brotherhood of Widget Workers Widgets, Inc., Total number of appellants = 1, Number of appellants that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials" = 1, Total number of respondents = 3, Number of respondents that fall into the category "private business and its executives" = 2, Number of respondents that fall into the category "groups and associations" = 1.
Note that if an individual is listed by name, but their appearance in the case is as a government official, then they should be counted as a government rather than as a private person. For example, in the case "Billy Jones & Alfredo Ruiz v Joe Smith" where Smith is a state prisoner who brought a civil rights suit against two of the wardens in the prison (Jones & Ruiz), the following values should be coded: number of appellants that fall into the category "natural persons" =0 and number that fall into the category "state governments, their agencies, and officials" =2. A similar logic should be applied to businesses and associations. Officers of a company or association whose role in the case is as a representative of their company or association should be coded as being a business or association rather than as a natural person. However, employees of a business or a government who are suing their employer should be coded as natural persons. Likewise, employees who are charged with criminal conduct for action that was contrary to the company policies should be considered natural persons.
If the title of a case listed a corporation by name and then listed the names of two individuals that the opinion indicated were top officers of the same corporation as the appellants, then the number of appellants should be coded as three and all three were coded as a business (with the identical detailed code). Similar logic should be applied when government officials or officers of an association were listed by name.
Your specific task is to determine the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officials". If the total number cannot be determined (e.g., if the appellant is listed as "Smith, et. al." and the opinion does not specify who is included in the "et.al."), then answer 99.

URQUHART v. AMERICAN DYEWOOD CO.
No. 5640.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
July 18, 1935.
Wm. A. Gray, of Philadelphia, Pa., for api reliant.
Boyd Lee Spahr and Robert Brigham, both of Philadelphia. Pa., and Edwin T. Rice, of New York City (Appleton, Rice & Perrin, of New York City, and Ballard, Spahr, Andrews & Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, Pa., of counsel), for appellee.
Before BUFFINGTON, DAVIS, and THOMPSON, Circuit Judges.
THOMPSON, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal from an order of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The appellant brought an action at law against the appellee to recover damages for breach of contract. Thereafter he filed a bill in equity praying for an accounting and for general relief. The equity suit was heard on pleadings and proofs. The District Court entered' a decree directing the appellee to render an accounting and to pay to the appellant commissions on all sales, whether made by the appellant, the appellee, or its licensee. No appeal was taken from this decree. The appellee paid in full and the decree was marked satisfied. While the hearing on the equity side was pending, the District Court required the appellant to elect between the law and equity suits, which the appellant refused to do. After (he satisfaction of the decree in the equity suit, the District Court entered an order in the action at law directing that it be marked settled, discontinued, and ended; that it be stricken from the trial list; and that the appellant be enjoined from further prosecuting the same. This appeal is from that order.
A court has the power to compel an election if both causes relate to the same subject-matter and seek substantially the same relief. Way v. Bragaw, 16 N. J. Eq. 213, 84 Am. Dec. 147; Story’s Eq. P. § 742. This rule is set out in 20 Amer. & Eng. Encyc. Pl. & Pr. 270, as follows: “It is not infrequently the case that a suitor is confronted with a choice of jurisdiction on the same state of facts, and has the right to invoke the aid of either a court of law or a court of equity. If he resorts to both, he will ordinarily be compelled to make his election, adopting one and abandoning the other. This policy is administered usually, if not always, by the court of equity, sometimes on its own motion, but generally on the motion of the defendant.”
A detailed comparison of the pleadings in the two actions reveals that they are based upon the same contract, involve the same parties, rely upon the same breach, and are fundamentally for the same damages. In the suit at law, recovery is sought for damages sustained by reason of the appellee’s wrongful action in preventing the appellant from fulfilling the terms of the contract and from earning commissions. In the suit in equity, an accounting is sought for the recovery of commissions earned on each and every sale made prior to the expiration date of the contract, whether made by the appellant, the appellee, or its licensee. The appellant’s cause of action in either suit is for breach of the contract, and we think that his right to recover damages is dependent upon proof of loss of commissions on sales which had in fact been made and on sales which might have been made, had there been no breach.
The District Court did not err in refusing to allow the appellant to split his cause of action into two separate suits and to recover apon it piecemeal. Baltimore Steamship Co. v. Phillips, 274 U. S. 316, 47 S. Ct. 600, 71 L. Ed. 1069; Stark v. Starr, 94 U. S. 477, 24 L. Ed. 276.
The order of the court below is affirmed

Question: What is the total number of appellants in the case that fall into the category "the federal government, its agencies, and officialss"? Answer with a number.

Answer: